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  • 2005-2009  (195)
  • Economics  (195)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 10, p. 1-38
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper seeks to identify the way in which opportunities for corruption arise in the context of procurement. In looking at the government as a buyer, it considers the position of the procurement officer acting as agent on behalf of the elected government. Whilst the paper does not ignore the significant impact of corruption at the political level (either for the personal gain of politicians or for the benefit of political parties, for example), it concentrates on the opportunities this agency relationship offers to the procurement officer to deviate from his duty to act in the public interest. The paper investigates the divergence between the agent’s personal interest and that of the government and of the public and narrows down the opportunity for such deviations to the existence of informational asymmetries.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 1-167
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 167 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 1-167
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) describes emission scenarios for three parts of the life cycle for antifouling products used on ship and boat hulls: (1) application; (2) service life; and (3) removal. The primary aim of this ESD is for use in risk assessments in notification and authorisation procedures in regulatory frameworks used in OECD countries. The ESD is intended to be used for general risk assessment and is explicitly not for site specific risk assessments. Furthermore it is important to note that the recommended scenarios for service life of the antifouling products in the ESD are limited to the calculation of the initial local concentrations in the primary receiving environmental compartments.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-43
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-43
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Economics
    Abstract: The efficient and safe management of spent fuel produced during the operation of commercial nuclear power plants is an important issue. In this context, partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of minor actinides and long-lived fission products can play an important role, significantly reducing the burden on geological repositories of nuclear waste and allowing their more effective use. Various systems, including existing reactors, fast reactors and advanced systems have been considered to optimise the transmutation scheme. Recently, many countries have shown interest in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) due to their potential for transmutation of minor actinides. Much R&D work is still required in order to demonstrate their desired capability as a whole system, and the current analysis methods and nuclear data for minor actinide burners are not as well established as those for conventionally-fuelled systems...
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.519
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper considers the case for adjusting measures of the cyclically-adjusted fiscal balance for exceptional movements in the terms of trade for those countries where production of commodities is a substantial share of output. For such countries exceptional movements in commodity prices, such as have occurred in recent years, are likely to lead to higher tax revenues, most immediately from the companies directly involved in extracting or producing the commodities, but also less directly as the consequent rise in the terms of trade increases real incomes more broadly. A simple method is proposed to allow for exceptional developments in commodity prices using an adjustment based on a concept of the real income gap rather than a real output gap. This method is subsequently applied to Australia -- one of the world?s leading producers of mined commodities -- and the results contrasted with the standard OECD method of calculating the cyclically-adjusted fiscal balance. It is shown that over much of history the two methods generate similar results, but during exceptional periods of rapid change in commodity prices the measures can be very different. The analysis highlights that a key assumption needed to adjust for commodity price developments concerns the equilibrium level of the terms of trade. While the assumption that the terms of trade returns to long-run historical trends might appear a natural benchmark, recent sustained strong growth in demand for commodities from China and other developing Asian economies raises the question as to whether this has led to a permanent increase in the terms of trade of major commodity producers like Australia and has thus permanently raised government revenues. This Working Paper relates to the 2006 OECD Economic Survey of Australia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/australia).
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper offers a framework for assessing and developing the role of ministries in the policy process, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on a background paper and country papers prepared for a CARDS seminar held in Budva (Montenegro) in November 2005, which are supplemented by the results of a written questionnaire completed by participants during the event.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-37
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this emission scenario document (ESD) is to provide a realistic worst-case emission scenario for chemicals used at recovered paper mills. The general information about the processes and chemicals used is derived from literature data and several reports from the European Union and the United States. The emission estimation methods given in this ESD are based on those developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with parameter defaults reflecting Canadian operations. This ESD on Recovered Paper Mills was developed in 2004 along with two sister documents, an ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills, and an ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills. Although they were designed as stand alone documents, by their nature they represent different phases of the life cycle of paper products. The ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills represents the production stage when pulp is first produced. The ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills is representative of the industrial phase of the life cycle, when the pulp is converted to paper and/or board products. This ESD on Recovered Paper Mills is illustrative of the recovery stage, when paper products are recovered, reworked and recycled back into the community.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 83 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 1-83
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The survey submissions indicate that bilateral donors and multilateral agencies have become much more active in TRTA/CB over the last few years, particularly since the 2001 WTO Doha Ministerial Conference. This increased activity is not only reflected in increased funding for TRTA/CB, but also in the number of donors/ agencies with explicit strategies and programming guidelines for TRTA/CB; enhanced awareness among donors of the importance of TRTA/CB for development and poverty reduction; and the strengthened, and sometimes institutionalised, dialogue between development and trade practitioners. In addition, several donors and agencies have recently embarked on ambitious reviews of their own bilateral TRTA/CB programmes and/or their participation in multilateral programmes, in order to assess the effectiveness of their TRTA/CB activities.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This document compiles information provided by member countries and other delegations on current developments on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials (section I) in their countries or organizations. There are also written reports on current activities related to nanotechnologies/ nanomaterials in other International Organisations such as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (section II). In addition, delegations added a short bulleted list of highlights at the top of their submissions to give readers a general idea of key events since the 1st meeting of the Working Party.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 7, p. 1-93
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 93 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 7, p. 1-93
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Economics
    Abstract: This document discusses the differing options and ongoing research in key technologies required for accelerator demonstration systems (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation. Chapter 2 describes the two main accelerator options: linear accelerators or cyclotrons. Chapter 3 discusses the spallation target technology with details on the materials, target windows, performances, and thermo-hydraulics.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1-41
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1-41
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: As a follow-up to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Geneva 2003 and lead-up to WSIS Tunis 2005, the UN Secretary General asked UNDP to facilitate the work of the Task Force on Financial Mechanisms for ICTD (TFFM). According to the WSIS Plan of Action, the TFFM is to undertake a thorough review of the "adequacy of the existing financial mechanisms" in meeting the challenges of “information and communication technologies for development” (ICT4D). In this regard, UNDP asked the DAC to produce an analytical report on DAC Members’ financing ICT4D activities which would build on our existing work “Donor ICT Strategies Matrix”...
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