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  • Roberts, Mark  (21)
  • Roberts, Mark J.  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Roberts, Mark International Growth Spillovers, Geography and Infrastructure
    Abstract: There is significant academic evidence that growth in one country tends to have a positive impact on growth in neighboring countries. This paper contributes to this literature by assessing whether growth spillovers tend to vary significantly across world regions and by investigating the contribution of transport and communication infrastructure in promoting neighborhood effects. The study is global, but the main interest is on Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors define neighborhoods both in geographic terms and by membership in the same regional trade association. The analysis finds significant evidence for heterogeneity in growth spillovers, which are strong between OECD countries and essentially absent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis further finds strong interaction between infrastructure and being a landlocked country. This suggests that growth spillovers from regional "success stories" in Sub-Saharan Africa and other lagging world regions will depend on first strengthening the channels through which such spillovers can spread - most importantly infrastructure endowments
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Roberts, Mark Identifying the Economic Potential of Indian Districts
    Abstract: Despite its rapid growth in recent decades, GDP per capita in India remains at a relatively low level by international standards, and the country continues to be marked by large subnational disparities in levels of well-being. These large disparities naturally lead to interest in India's spatial landscape of potential for economic development. Against this backdrop, this paper presents the results of an analysis of underlying variations in economic potential across Indian districts, where economic potential is defined as the extent to which a district possesses factors that are important determinants of the ability to experience a high level of productivity. The analysis is based on a simple composite Economic Potential Index, which is constructed from variables for which robust evidence exists of their importance as determinants of local productivity. From the analysis, a picture emerges of a heterogeneous landscape of economic potential characterized by strong geographic clustering of districts. The paper also reveals particularly high levels of underperformance, relative to potential, for districts in Uttar Pradesh
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Roberts, Mark On the road to prosperity?
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, China has embarked on an ambitious program of expressway network expansion. By facilitating market integration, this program aims both to promote efficiency at the national level and to contribute to the catch-up of lagging inland regions with prosperous Eastern ones. This paper evaluates the aggregate and spatial economic impacts of China's newly constructed National Expressway Network, focussing, in particular, on its short-run impacts. To achieve this aim, the authors adopt a counterfactual approach based on the estimation and simulation of a structural “new economic geography” model. Overall, they find that aggregate Chinese real income was approximately 6 percent higher than it would have been in 2007 had the expressway network not been built. Although there is considerable heterogeneity in the results, the authors do not find evidence of a significant reduction in disparities across prefectural level regions or of a reduction in urban-rural disparities. If anything, the expressway network appears to have reinforced existing patterns of spatial inequality, although, over time, these will likely be reduced by enhanced migration
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Roberts, Mark Urbanization and Development: Is Latin America and the Caribbean Different from the Rest of the World?
    Abstract: Two long-established stylized facts in the urban and development economics literatures are that: (a) a country's level of economic development is strongly positively correlated with its level of urbanization; and (b) a country's level of urbanization is strongly negatively correlated with the size of its agricultural sector. However, countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region appear to depart significantly from the rest of the world in these two basic relationships. Although Latin American countries appear to be significantly more urbanized than predicted based on these global relationships, Caribbean countries appear significantly less urbanized. However, analyses involving cross-country comparisons of urbanization levels are undermined by systematic measurement errors arising from differences in how countries define their urban areas. This paper reexamines whether Latin America and Caribbean countries differ from the rest of the world in the basic stylized facts of urbanization, development, and structural transformation. The analysis makes use of two alternative methodologies for the consistent definition of urban areas across countries: the Agglomeration Index methodology and a methodology based on the identification of dense spatially contiguous clusters of population. Both methodologies rely on globally gridded population data sets as input. There exist several such data sets, and so the paper also assesses the robustness of the findings to the choice of input population layer
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781464814006
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (pages cm)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Time to act
    DDC: 307.7609598
    Keywords: Economic development ; Urban policy ; Urbanization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Roberts, Mark Tracking Economic Activity in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis using Nighttime Lights - the Case of Morocco
    Abstract: Over the past decade, nighttime lights have become a widely used proxy for measuring economic activity. This paper examines the potential for high frequency nighttime lights data to provide "near real-time" tracking of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Morocco. At the national level, there exists a strong correlation between quarterly movements in Morocco's overall nighttime light intensity and movements in its real GDP. This finding supports the use of lights data to track the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis at higher temporal frequencies and at the subnational level, for which GDP data are unavailable. Consistent with large economic impacts of the crisis, Morocco experienced a large drop in the overall intensity of its lights in March 2020, from which it has subsequently struggled to recover, following the country's first COVID-19 case and the introduction of strict lockdown measures. At the subnational level, while all regions shared in March's national decline in nighttime light intensity, Rabat - Sale - Kenitra, Tanger - Tetouan - Al Hoceima, and Fes - Meknes suffered much larger declines than others. Since then, the relative effects of the COVID-19 shock across regions have largely persisted. Overall, the results suggest that, at least for Morocco, changes in nighttime lights can help to detect the timing of changes in the direction of real GDP, but caution is needed in using lights data to derive precise quantitative estimates of changes in real GDP
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Climate Change Adaptation ; Green Growth ; Inclusive ; Inequality ; Natural Capital ; Resilient Cities
    Abstract: Between 1970 and 2021, the number of people living in cities increased from 1.19 billion to 4.46 billion, while the Earth's surface temperature climbed by 1.19 degrees Celsius above its preindustrial levels. Because of the prosperity they helped generate, cities have been a major cause of this climate change. However, it is also in cities that many of the solutions to the climate crisis--in terms of both adaptation and mitigation--will be found, not least because by 2050, almost 70 percent of the world's population will call cities home. As such, cities are the key to arguably the greatest public policy challenge of our times. To take stock of how green, how resilient, and how inclusive cities globally are today, 'Thriving: Making Cities Green, Resilient, and Inclusive in a Changing Climate' defines a global typology of more than 10,000 cities. It finds that there is wide variation in how green, resilient, and inclusive cities are around the world. It asks how climate change impacts cities and, conversely, how cities affect climate. Vicious cycles in development could occur as cities become more vulnerable to extreme events and the challenges compound and cascade. Finally, this report provides a compass for policy makers on policies that can help cities not only survive but also thrive in the face of the perils of climate change. Policy makers can and must act now to chart a more sustainable trajectory
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821336673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 28 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 382/.6/091724
    Keywords: Exports Case studies ; Exports Case studies ; Developing countries Commerce ; Case studies ; Developing countries Commerce ; Case studies
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, International Economics Dept., International Trade Division
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31, [6] p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1436
    Parallel Title: Roberts, Mark J An empirical model of sunk costs and the decision to export
    Keywords: Export marketing ; Exports ; Sunk costs ; Export marketing ; Exports ; Sunk costs
    Note: "March 1995"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-31)
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nakamura, Shohei Where is Poverty Concentrated? New Evidence Based on Internationally Consistent Urban andPoverty Measurements
    Keywords: Cost of Living ; Global Poverty ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measurement Framework ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Statistic Comparison ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development ; Urban Poverty ; Urbanization
    Abstract: The lack of comparable urban definitions across countries has presented a significant challenge in effectively addressing poverty in both urban and rural areas. This study aims to tackle this issue by comparing subnational poverty statistics across countries, integrating internationally consistent definitions of urban areas into the World Bank's official global poverty measurement framework. Focusing primarily on 16 Sub-Saharan African countries, the analysis reveals that poverty rates tend to be lower in densely populated urban areas. However, the findings also highlight that urban areas have a higher concentration of impoverished populations than previously estimated. These results underscore the importance of employing consistent urban definitions in cross-country poverty analysis and call for a reevaluation of geographically targeted policies to expedite poverty reduction efforts
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