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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice & Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9039
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cali, Massimiliano Too Much Energy: The Perverse Effect of Low Fuel Prices on Firms
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides novel evidence on the impact of changes in energy prices on manufacturing performance in two large developing economies-Indonesia and Mexico. It finds that unlike increases in electricity prices, which harm plants' performance, fuel price hikes result in higher productivity and profits of manufacturing plants. The results of instrumental variable estimation imply that a 10 percent increase in fuel prices would lead to a 3.3 percent increase in total factor productivity for Indonesian and 1.2 percent for Mexican plants. The evidence suggests that effects are driven by the incentives that fuel price increases provide to plants towards replacing inefficient fuel-powered with more productive electricity-powered capital equipment. These results help to re-evaluate the policy trade-off between reducing carbon emissions and improving economic performance, particularly in countries with large fuel subsidies such as Indonesia and Mexico
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Cali, Massimiliano Automation and Manufacturing Performance in a Developing Country
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides novel evidence on the economic impact of industrial automation in a large developing economy. It combines labor force survey and manufacturing plant-level data from Indonesia over 2008-15, when the country experienced a rapid increase in imports of robots. The findings show a positive impact of robots on various measures of plants' performance and integration into global value chains. In contrast to existing evidence on advanced and emerging economies, these plant-level impacts result in an increase in manufacturing and services employment at the local level. Such employment effects are consistent with evidence of positive employment spillovers from downstream robot-adopting plants, which help extend the benefits of automation to non-adopting plants. The spillover effects may provide a rationale to incentivize manufacturing firms to adopt industrial robots. The results also suggest that the gains from automation are not equally shared: adoption of robots is associated with a reduction in the labor share in value added and an increase in skill wage premia
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Cali, Massimiliano Gain without Pain? Non-Tariff Measures, Plants' Productivity and Markups
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies how productivity and markups respond to non-tariff measures. The analysis uses a novel time-varying data set on all non-tariff measures applied to imported products by Indonesia. Price and quantity information is used to disentangle the impact of non-tariff measures on plants' technical efficiency and markups. The findings show that on average, non-tariff measures generate fewer distortions than import tariffs do. However, while specific non-tariff measures increase the quality of the products on which they are applied, others act as barriers to trade similar to import tariffs. These results suggest that to gauge their impacts and guide policy making, non-tariff measures should not be bundled together in empirical analyses
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cali, Massimiliano Product Market Monopolies and Labor Market Monopsonies
    Schlagwort(e): Firm Entry ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Power ; Law and Development ; Minimum Wage Markdown ; Minimum Wage Reduction ; Monopoly ; Monopsony ; Product Market Regulations
    Kurzfassung: This paper unveils a novel externality of product market regulation in the labor market. It shows theoretically and empirically that higher barriers to entry in product markets translate into higher labor market power, measured by the wage markdown-the ratio between the marginal product of labor and the wage. The literature suggests that this wedge can distort factor allocation, resulting in lower aggregate output and employment, but also in higher inequality through a reduction in the labor share of national output. Using variation in investment restrictions across 346 manufacturing product markets in Indonesia, the analysis finds that wage markdowns increase by 25 percent in product markets that become subject to investment restrictions. The result is rationalized using a simple oligopsony model in which higher entry costs reduce the equilibrium number of firms, thereby limiting employment options for workers and, hence, their labor market power. Instrumental variable estimates support the model's prediction that lower entry is the main driver of the positive relationship between investment restrictions and wage markdowns
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study
    Schlagwort(e): Data Usage ; Dataset ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Non-Tariff Measures ; NTMS ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: As import tariffs have been declining over the past decades, non-tariff measures (NTMs) have become the most frequently used measures in trade policy. The increasing use of NTMs in global trade has highlighted the need for timely, high frequency and accurate data in order to better understand the implications that NTMs have on products, firms and the economy. This manual describes the first high-frequency panel dataset built by the World Bank on the universe of NTMs applied by a country, id est Indonesia. The manual includes a comprehensive overview of the purpose, building procedures and usage of the data for Indonesia. The dataset expands on and improves on existing data on Indonesian NTMs collected by other institutions (UNCTAD and ERIA) by covering a broader source base, customizing the data, and by increasing the frequency of updates. By documenting the data collection and transformation process, the manual hopes to facilitate the construction of similar datasets in other countries
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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