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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Who Should Be at the Top of Bottom-Up Development? A Case Study of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission in Rajasthan, India (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joshi, Shareen Who Should Be at the Top of Bottom-Up Development? A Case Study of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission in Rajasthan, India
    Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that top-down support is essential for bottom-up participatory projects to be effectively implemented at scale. However, which level of government, national or sub-national, should be given the responsibility to implement such projects is an open question, with wide variations in practice. This paper analyzes qualitative and quantitative data from a natural experiment in the state of Rajasthan in India, where a large national flagship project that mobilized women into self-help groups for micro-credit and created a women's network for other development activities was implemented in two different ways. Some sub-regions were given to the state government of Rajasthan to manage, while the Government of India centrally managed other sub-regions. The study finds that the nature of top-down management had a large bearing on the nature and quality of local-level facilitation. Centrally and locally managed facilitators formed several groups with similar financial performance. But centrally managed facilitators formed groups that were less likely to engage in collective action, be politically active, and engage with other civil society organizations. These results raise important questions on how responsibilities for participatory development projects should be devolved, and how the nature of management affects the sustainability of bottom-up interventions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7996
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Caste Categories Misleading? The Relationship between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joshi, Shareen Are Caste Categories Misleading? The Relationship between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States
    Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between caste and gender inequality in three states in India. When households are grouped using conventional, government-defined categories of caste the paper finds patterns that are consistent with existing literature: lower-caste women are more likely to participate in the labor market, have greater decision-making autonomy within their households, and experience greater freedom of movement. When households are grouped by the narrower sub-caste categories of jati, where caste is lived and experienced, the paper finds the relationships to be far more varied and nuanced. These results suggest that focussing on broad caste categories such as "scheduled castes" and "scheduled tribes" can be misleading for understanding the relationship between caste and gender, and for targeting anti-poverty programs
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8109
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Family planning as an investment in development : evaluation of a program's consequences in Matlab, Bangladesh (2007)
    Bonn : IZA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / IZA No. 2639
    DDC: 304.666095492
    URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-20080416231
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    HeBIS
  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Family planning as an investment in development : evaluation of a program's consequences in Matlab, Bangladesh (2007)
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 74 S., Text , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 2639
    DDC: 304.666095492
    Keywords: Familienplanung ; Entwicklungsprojekt ; Projektbewertung ; Fertilität ; Kindersterblichkeit ; Lebensstandard ; Bangladesch ; Birth control ; Family ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Buch ; Online-Publikation
    Abstract: "The paper analyzes 141 villages in Matlab, Bangladesh from 1974 to 1996, in which half the villages received from 1977 to 1996 a door-to-door outreach family planning and maternal-child health program. Village and individual data confirm a decline in fertility of about 15 percent in the program villages compared with the control villages by 1982, as others have noted, which persists until 1996. The consequences of the program on a series of long run family welfare outcomes are then estimated in addition to fertility: women's health, earnings and household assets, use of preventive health inputs, and finally the inter-generational effects on the health and schooling of the woman's children. Within two decades many of these indicators of the welfare of women and their children improve significantly in conjunction with the program-induced decline in fertility and child mortality. This suggests social returns to this reproductive health program in rural South Asia have many facets beyond fertility reduction, which do not appear to dissipate over two decades"--Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site
    Note: Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/27/2007 , Includes bibliographical references , System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    GBV
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jati inequality in rural Bihar (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8512
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joshi, Shareen Jati Inequality in Rural Bihar
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Caste is a persistent driver of inequality in India, and it is generally analyzed with government-defined broad categories, such as Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe. In everyday life, however, caste is lived and experienced as jati, which is a local system of stratification. Little is known about economic inequality at the jati level. This paper uses data from poor rural districts in Bihar to explore expenditure inequality at the jati level. Inequality decompositions show much more variation between jatis than between broad caste categories. The analysis finds that even within generally disadvantaged Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, some jatis are significantly worse off than others. Consistent with previous work, the paper also finds that inequality is largely driven by inequality within jatis. This finding has implications for the implementation of large-scale poverty alleviation programs: the benefits of programs intended for disadvantaged castes are concentrated among specific jatis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8512
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can Environmental Policy Reduce Infant Mortality? Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Do, Quy-Toan Can Environmental Policy Reduce Infant Mortality? Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases
    Abstract: In many developing countries, environmental quality remains low and policies to improve it have been inconsistently effective. This paper conducts a case study of environmental policy, focusing on an unprecedented ruling by the Supreme Court of India, which targeted industrial pollution in the Ganga River. Difference-in-difference estimations indicate that the ruling led to reductions in river pollution and one-month infant mortality. To look at the mechanisms of impact, the paper tests whether the identified health impact is fully explained by changes in pollution induced by the policy, and fails to reject that it indeed is. In so doing, the analysis also quantifies the adverse impact of water pollution on infant health and documents the persistence of such impacts in downstream communities
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7799
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economics of Consanguineous Marriages (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan The Economics of Consanguineous Marriages
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Culture & Development ; Dependence ; Dowries ; Dowry ; Education ; Education and Society ; Extended Family ; Families ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Folklore ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; History ; Households ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Partners ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Populations ; Power ; Property ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Anthropology ; Culture & Development ; Dependence ; Dowries ; Dowry ; Education ; Education and Society ; Extended Family ; Families ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Folklore ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; History ; Households ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Partners ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Populations ; Power ; Property ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Anthropology ; Culture & Development ; Dependence ; Dowries ; Dowry ; Education ; Education and Society ; Extended Family ; Families ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Folklore ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; History ; Households ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Partners ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Populations ; Power ; Property ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Abstract: The institution of consanguineous marriage-a marriage contracted between close biological relatives-has been a basic building block of many societies in different parts of the world. This paper argues that the practice of consanguinity is closely related to the practice of dowry, and that both arise in response to an agency problem between the families of a bride and a groom. When marriage contracts are incomplete, dowries transfer control rights to the party with the highest incentives to invest in a marriage. When these transactions are costly however, consanguinity can be a more appropriate response since it directly reduces the agency cost. The paper's model predicts that dowry transfers are less likely to be observed in consanguineous unions. It also emphasizes the effect of credit constraints on the relative prevalence of dowry payment and consanguinity. An empirical analysis using data from Bangladesh delivers robust results consistent with the predictions of the model
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Who Is in Justice? : Caste, Religion and Gender in the Courts of Bihar over a Decade (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Bhupatiraju, Sandeep Who Is in Justice? Caste, Religion and Gender in the Courts of Bihar over a Decade
    Abstract: Bihar is widely regarded as one of India's poorest and most divided states. It has also been the site of many social movements that have left indelible marks on the state's politics and identity. Little is currently known about how structural inequalities have affected the functioning of formal systems of justice in the state. This paper uses a novel dataset of more than one million cases filed at the Patna high court between 2009 and 2019 together with a variety of supplementary data to analyze the role of religion, caste and gender in the high court of Bihar. The analysis finds that the courts are not representative of the Bihari population. Muslims, women and scheduled castes are consistently under-represented. The practice of using "caste neutral" names is on the rise. Though there is little evidence of "matching" between judges and petitioners or judges and filing advocates on the basis of names, there is evidence that petitioners and their advocates match on the basis of identity such as the use of "caste neutral" names. These results suggest that the social movements that disrupted existing social structures in the past may have inadvertently created new social categories that reinforce networks and inequalities in the formal justice system
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9555
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Missing Women and India's Religious Demography (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Borooah, Vani Missing Women and India's Religious Demography
    Abstract: The authors use recent data from the 2006 National Family Health Survey of India to explore the relationship between religion and demographic behavior. They find that fertility and mortality vary not only between religious groups, but also across caste groups. These groups also differ with respect to socio-economic status. The central finding of this paper is that despite their socio-economic disadvantages, Muslims have higher fertility than their Hindu counterparts and also exhibit lower levels of infant mortality (particularly female infant mortality). This effect is robust to the inclusion of controls for non-religious factors such as socio-economic status and area of residence. This result has important policy implications because it suggests that India's problem of "missing women" may be concentrated in particular groups. The authors conclude that religion and caste play a key role in determining the demographic characteristics of India
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5096
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collective Action and Community Development : Evidence from Self-Help Groups in Rural India (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Desai, Raj M Collective Action and Community Development
    Abstract: In response to the problems of high coordination costs among the poor, efforts are underway in many countries to organize the poor through "self-help groups" (SHGs)-membership-based organizations that aim to promote social cohesion through a mixture of education, access to finance, and linkages to wider development programs. The authors randomly selected 32 of 80 villages in one of the poorest districts in rural India in which to establish SHGs for women. Two years of exposure to these programs increased women's participation in group savings programs as well as the non-agricultural labor force. Compared to women in control villages, treated women were also more likely to participate in household decisions and engage in civic activities. The authors find no evidence however, that participation increased income or had a disproportionate impact by women's socio-economic status. These results are important in light of the recent effort to expand official support to SHGs under the National Rural Livelihood Mission
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6547
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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