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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Country Economic Memorandum for Sao Tome and Principe - Background Note 14 : The Case for Economic Inclusion of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Sao Tome and Principe (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Abstract: The purpose of this analysis is to provide a snapshot of exclusion based on SOGI in Sao Tome and Principe (STP) and the opportunities for SOGI inclusion especially in the tourism sector. The main questions for the reader to consider are: Why is the World Bank involved in SOGI? How can STP benefit from SOGI inclusion? What can be done to ensure SOGI inclusion in STP? Finally, the central takeaway from this analysis is that excluding sexual and gender minorities negatively impacts economic development and poverty reduction, whereas including them is beneficial to economic development and poverty reduction. The theoretical argument is that exclusion costs money. Exclusion based on sexual orientation and gender identity often begins as early as the primary school years and continues in the workplace, as well as more broadly in the economy and in society. As a result, sexual and gender minorities face significant stigma that prevents them from realizing their productive potential and limits their ability to contribute to the economy and to society. When anyone is excluded from the labor force based on indelible personal characteristics unrelated to ability, such as sexual orientation or gender identity, both the economy and social cohesion suffer
    DOI: 10.1596/32135
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Cost of Exclusion Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics in the Labor Market in the Republic of North Macedonia (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Assistance ; Gender ; Gender Identity ; Human Rights ; International Law ; Law ; Law and Development ; LGBTI Exclusion ; Sexual Orientation ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Sogiesc-Based Exclusion ; Vulnerable Groups ; Workplace Discrimination
    Abstract: Recent research suggests that the effects of stigma, discrimination, and exclusion against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people could be costing economies billions of dollars. There are numerous reasons for these costs, including adverse educational environments, employment discrimination, physical and mental health disparities, and violence. This research aims to estimate the economic cost of exclusion based on sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in the Republic of North Macedonia and to provide the country's policy makers, civil society, and development partners with new evidence on the ongoing policy dialogue on strengthening the social inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people. To estimate the cost of exclusion, this report presents two theoretical models focused on the labor market and related issues. The first model centers mainly on the accumulated loss of individual wages due to the consequences of exclusion. The second model calculates the negative effect of exclusion on accumulated fiscal revenues (due to lower income and payroll taxes) and expenditures (due to higher expenditures for unemployment benefits and active labor market programs)
    DOI: 10.1596/40380
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Cost of Exclusion Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics in the Labor Market in the Republic of Serbia (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Assistance ; Gender ; Gender Identity ; Human Rights ; International Law ; Law ; Law and Development ; LGBTI Exclusion ; Sexual Orientation ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Sogiesc-Based Exclusion ; Vulnerable Groups ; Workplace Discrimination
    Abstract: Recent research suggests that the effects of stigma, discrimination, and exclusion against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people could be costing economies billions of dollars. There are numerous reasons for these costs, including adverse educational environments, employment discrimination, physical and mental health disparities, and violence. This research aims to estimate the economic cost of exclusion based on sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in the Republic of Serbia and to provide the country's policy makers, civil society, and development partners with new evidence on the ongoing policy dialogue on strengthening the social inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people. To estimate the cost of exclusion, this report presents two theoretical models focused on the labor market and related issues. The first model centers mainly on the accumulated loss of individual wages due to the consequences of exclusion. The second model calculates the negative effect of exclusion on accumulated fiscal revenues (due to lower income and payroll taxes) and expenditures (due to higher expenditures for unemployment benefits and active labor market programs)
    DOI: 10.1596/40379
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Equality of Opportunity for Sexual and Gender Minorities (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Exclusion ; Gay ; Gender ; Labor Market ; Lesbian ; LGBTI ; Minorities ; Services ; Sexual ; SOGI ; Transgender
    Abstract: Despite legal and social advances in the past two decades, sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) people continue to face widespread discrimination and violence in many countries. This discrimination and violence lead to exclusion, which adversely impacts their lives, as well as the communities and economies in which they live. A major barrier to addressing this stigma and sexual orientation and gender identity-based exclusion is the lack of SOGI-specic data. Robust, quantitative data on differential development experiences and outcomes of sexual and gender minorities--especially those in developing countries--is extremely thin. This paucity of data jeopardizes the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and countries' commitment to the principle of 'leaving no one behind' in the effffort to end poverty and inequality. 'Equality of Opportunity for Sexual and Gender Minorities' assesses the unique challenges that sexual and gender minorities face in six important areas: (i) Criminalization and SOGI (ii) Access to education (iii) Access to the labor market (iv) Access to public services and social protection (v) Civil and political inclusion (vi) Protection from hate crimes. This report covffers numerous policy recommendations to prevent and eliminate discriminatory practices in all of the areas covered. It also seeks to influence legislative changes and support research on institutions and regulations that can ultimately lead to poverty reduction and shared prosperity. At the same time, it acknowledges that the mere existence of inclusive laws and regulations does not ensure that sexual and gender minorities are free from discrimination--the enforcement of those laws is crucial. This publication, the a first in a series of studies, will be expanded from the 16 countries included here to a wider set of countries for more in-depth quantitative analysis and to identify possible correlations with socioeconomic outcomes. It will seek to deepen knowledge, facilitate peer learning of good practices, and encourage reforms to increase the inclusion of sexual and gender minorities
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1774-8
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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