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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Resilient was Trade to COVID-19? (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bas, Maria How Resilient was Trade to COVID-19?
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Exchange Rate Shock ; Exports ; Global Supply Chain ; Health and Sanitation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High-Frequency Data ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Pandemic ; Production and Export ; Resilience ; Shock ; Transmission Of Shocks ; Transport ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: This paper examines which product supply-side characteristics affect the resilience of traded products to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on monthly product-level exports by all countries to the United States, Japan, and 27 European Union countries from January 2018 to December 2020, the paper estimates a difference-in-differences specification for the impact of COVID-19 incidence (deaths per capita) mediated by product characteristics, accounting for when exports reach their destination by relying on product transportation lags. Higher reliance on foreign inputs, China as an input supplier, and unskilled labor and a lower degree of complexity negatively affected exports as a result of COVID-19
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9975
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public research and innovative entrepreneurship : preliminary cross-country evidence from micro data (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 64 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a first assessment of the degree to which public research contributes to innovative entrepreneurship, using data on start-ups and venture capital (VC). It looks at academic start-ups founded by recent undergraduates and doctorate students or researchers. It shows that academic start-ups represent 15% of all start-ups in the specific sample under scrutiny. Their share is higher in science-based technological fields such as biotechnology (23%). Across the majority of countries and technology fields, start-ups created by undergraduate students represent the highest share of all academic start-ups. As to their performance, start-ups founded by researchers are more likely to patent and those founded by students introduce innovations that are more radical compared to other start-ups. While start-ups founded by undergraduate students receive less VC funding and are less likely to exit via IPO or acquisition, those created by researchers are as successful as their non-academic counterparts.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d057da7-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    How are digital technologies changing innovation? : evidence from agriculture, the automotive industry and retail (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 74 (July 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digital technologies impact innovation in all sectors of the economy, including traditional ones such as agriculture, the automotive industry, and retail. Similar trends across sectors include that the Internet of Things and data are becoming key inputs for innovation, innovation cycles are accelerating, services innovation is gaining importance and collaborative innovation matters more. Sector-specific dynamics are driven by differences in opportunities such technologies offer for innovation in products, processes and business models, as well as differences in the types of data needed for innovation and the conditions for digital technology adoption. The analysis calls for revisiting innovation policy mixes to ensure these remain effective and address emerging challenges. A sectoral approach is needed when designing innovation policies in some domains, especially regarding data access and digital technology adoption policies. The current focus of innovation policies on boosting R&D to meet R&D intensity targets also requires scrutiny.
    DOI: 10.1787/67bbcafe-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supporting research for sustainable development (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 78 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document presents nine innovation policy initiatives from different OECD countries that support research and innovation for sustainable development by embracing systemic solutions to address the challenge. The three types of initiatives reviewed include: i) grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies; ii) programmes that foster research collaborations to address environmental challenges; and iii) smart city initiatives that support sustainable development in urban areas often by leveraging the use of digital technologies. The nine policy initiatives, which were selected based on an overview of initiatives gathered by the EC-OECD STIP Compass database, are described with regards to their main features, including policy objective, policy instrument(s) implemented, target groups, selection criteria and procedures, implementation challenges faced as well as their impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c9b7be4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review of national policy initiatives in support of digital and AI-driven innovation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 79 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What can we learn from new policies implemented in different OECD countries to foster digital and AI-driven innovation? This document reviews and extracts lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most selected policy initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models and seek international co-operation on AI. AI and digital research and innovation centres encourage interdisciplinarity, reduce hierarchies within centres and increase the autonomy of staff to enhance centres’ agility and spur creativity. AI strategies set specific actions to strengthen AI research and capabilities, support business adoption of AI and develop standards for the ethical use of AI. Responsible data-access and sharing regulations, infrastructure investments, and measures to ensure that AI contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth are other priorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/15491174-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the concentration of innovation in top cities in the digital age (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 85 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.85
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates how digital technologies have shaped the concentration of inventive activity in cities across 30 OECD countries. It finds that patenting is highly concentrated: from 2010 to 2014, 10% of cities accounted for 64% of patent applications to the European Patent Office, with the top five (Tokyo, Seoul, San Francisco, Higashiosaka and Paris) representing 21.8% of applications. The share of the top cities in total patenting increased modestly from 1995 to 2014. Digital technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more than in Japan and Europe over the two decades. Econometric results confirm that digital technology relates positively to patenting activities in cities and that it benefits top cities, in particular, thereby strengthening the concentration of innovation in these cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/f184732a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Innovation and inclusive development : a discussion of the main policy issues (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Bildungschancen ; Gemeinwesenarbeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Informationstechnik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Inclusive development is a key policy priority since growth processes have not always helped lowerincome groups. Innovation is a major driver of growth and its relationship with inequalities in income and opportunities raises some important policy questions: Do innovation and the resulting technological change necessarily lead to increased inequalities? Do policies aimed at supporting innovation foster inequalities? To what extent can innovation be mobilised to improve the life conditions of the lower income groups? These questions are the basis of this report, which, prepared for the OECD-DST Conference on Innovation for Inclusive Development, reviews the existing evidence in response.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dd1rvsnjj-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cross-country evidence on the contributions of research institutions to innovation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 77 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents preliminary evidence on the patenting activities of 21 200 research institutions - 20 091 higher education institutions (HEIs) and 1 109 public research institutes (PRIs) - for 36 OECD countries and China from 1992 to 2014. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry patents. Those jointly filed by industry and research institutions grew even faster. However, research institutions’ share in patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric analysis at postal code level shows that geographical proximity to research institutions is associated with higher industry patenting. Results from an instrumental variable estimation indicate that research institutions positively influence local industry patenting, including in life sciences and digital technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/d52d6176-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inclusive innovation policies : lessons from international case studies (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: Innovation policies are central to growth agendas in most countries, but have figured much less prominently in strategies to promote social inclusion. In recent years, many countries have implemented “inclusive innovation policies”– a specific set of innovation policies that aim to boost the capacities and opportunities of disadvantaged individuals to engage in innovation activities, including research and entrepreneurship. Examples include the provision of grants to researchers from disadvantaged groups, the deployment of programmes to popularise science and technology, the provision of micro-credit to entrepreneurs and the provision of grants to firms locating their R&D activities in peripheral regions. This paper analyses the role that inclusive innovation policies can play in tackling social, industrial and territorial inclusiveness challenges by drawing on 33 detailed policy examples from 15 countries. The paper discusses why these policies should be a priority, explores the specific challenges that arise in their implementation and provides recommendations as to how the challenges can best be addressed.
    DOI: 10.1787/a09a3a5d-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Knowledge co-creation in the 21st century : A cross-country experience-based policy report (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.115
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The importance of knowledge co-creation – the joint production of innovation between industry, research and possibly other stakeholders, such as civil society – has been increasingly acknowledged. This paper builds on 13 cross-country case studies and co-creation experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to characterise the diversity of knowledge co-creation initiatives and identify lessons for policy. The paper identifies a strong rationale for policy to support knowledge co-creation because the benefits of successful co-creation initiatives outweigh the initial co-ordination costs. Moreover, knowledge co-creation initiatives can contribute to democratising innovation. Successful initiatives engage all stakeholders and have effective governance and management structures. They also have clearly defined ownership and use rights of the collaborations’ outcomes and benefit from favourable conditions to operate, including temporary staff mobility and institutional set-ups that facilitate collaboration and effective communication among participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/c067606f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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