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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Macdonald, Kevin Education Quality, Green Technology, and the Economic Impact of Carbon Pricing
    Keywords: Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Pricing ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Education ; Education For All ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Quality ; Emission Reduction ; Environment ; Learning Outcomes ; Skills Development ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Carbon pricing is increasingly used by governments to reduce emissions. The effect of carbon pricing on economic outcomes as well as mitigating factors has been studied extensively since the early 1990s. One mitigating factor that has received less attention is education quality. If technological change that reduces the reliance of production on emissions is skill-biased, then carbon pricing may increase the skill premium of earnings and subsequent wage inequality; however, a more elastic skill supply through better education quality may mitigate adverse economic outcomes, including wage inequality, and enhance the effect of carbon pricing on technological change and subsequently emissions. A general equilibrium, overlapping-generations model is proposed, with endogenous skill investment in which the average skill level of the workforce can affect the need for emissions in an aggregate production function. This study uses data on industrial emissions linked to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies dataset for European Union countries. The findings show that, within countries, cognitive skills are positively associated with employment in industries that rely less on emissions for production and in industries that, over time, have been able to reduce their reliance on emissions for production. In the estimated general equilibrium model, higher cognitive skills reduce an economy's reliance on emissions for production. Having higher quality education-defined as the level of cognitive skills attained by workers per unit of cost-increases the elasticity of skill supply and, as a result, mitigates a carbon tax's economic costs including output loss and wage inequity, and enhances its effect on emissions reduction. The implication is that investments in education quality are needed for better enabling green technological innovation and adaptation and reducing inequality that results from carbon pricing
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781464807077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (92 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Accountability ; Community ; Fragility ; Pedagogy ; Refugees ; Resilience ; SABER ; Systems Approach for Better Education Results ; Teachers ; UNRWA
    Abstract: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operates one of the largest nongovernmental school systems in the Middle East. Palestine refugees in UNRWA schools are achieving higher-than-average learning outcomes in spite of the adverse circumstances they live under. This study uses a mixed methods research approach to address the complexity of the research question and its exploratory nature, namely, How do UNRWA schools continually and consistently outperform public schools? This study used the following data collection techniques: econometric techniques to analyze learning achievement data from international and national assessments; the Systems Approach for Better Education Results tools were used to assess different system components, such as teacher effectiveness, school autonomy, and student assessments; Stallings classroom observations provided a structured method to compare teachers' and students' interactions; qualitative data collected through interviews captured the lived experiences of a sample of students. Contrary to what might be expected from a resource-constrained administration serving refugee students who continually face a multitude of adversities, UNRWA students outperform public schools in the three regions-- West Bank and Gaza and Jordan-- by a year's worth of learning. The achievement is a result of the way these schools recruit, prepare, and support teachers; because of instructional practices and pedagogy in the classroom; and because of school leadership, accountability, and mutual support. This has created a distinguished learning community centered on the student. Of note: UNRWA selects, prepares, and supports its education staff to pursue high learning outcomes. Time-on-task is high in UNRWA schools, and is used more effectively than in public schools
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Jakubowski, Maciej The Impact of the 1999 Education Reform in Poland
    Abstract: Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, perhaps nowhere more so than in formerly socialist countries. The transition, however, led to significant restructuring of school systems, including a declining share of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. This paper analyzes Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system that expanded general schooling to test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves outcomes. Using propensity score matching and differences-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delayed vocationalization had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony Evaluation of Educational Loss in Europe and Central Asia
    Keywords: COVID-19 Impact ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Learning Inequity ; Learning Loss ; Low Achieving Students ; Mental Health ; Primary Education ; Reading Achievement Loss ; Student Achievement
    Abstract: To what extent has the learning progress of school-aged children slowed during the COVID-19 pandemic? A pre-registered analysis of the first international assessment to be published since the pandemic is conducted to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on student reading. The effect of closures on achievement is modeled by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend in reading achievement using data from all rounds using data from 28 countries in Europe and Central Asia. Reading scores declined by an average of 20 percent of a standard deviation, equivalent to just less than a year of schooling. Losses are significantly larger for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures. While there are no significant differences by sex, it is shown that lower-achieving students experienced much larger losses
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Educational Sciences ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: The vision of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Education Team is for education systems to empower all people to reach their full potential. In line with this vision, the purpose of this guidance note is to provide decision-makers with some recommendations and policy advice on effective ways to respond to the education losses engendered by the COVID-19 crisis. These recommendations include specific measures for mitigating learning losses and preparing for school reopening. The note also discusses the opportunity to design and implement structural reforms to make education systems more resilient and, in the process, improve students' educational performance. Recommendations are also given for longer-term actions with the potential to transform education by strengthening learning and improving learning equity in the future
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gertler, Paul Empowering Parents To Improve Education
    Keywords: Curriculum ; Curriculum Development ; Disability ; Disadvantaged Students ; Education ; Education for All ; Educational Reform ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Information Asymmetries ; Learning ; Learning Environment ; Learning Outcomes ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Curriculum ; Curriculum Development ; Disability ; Disadvantaged Students ; Education ; Education for All ; Educational Reform ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Information Asymmetries ; Learning ; Learning Environment ; Learning Outcomes ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Curriculum ; Curriculum Development ; Disability ; Disadvantaged Students ; Education ; Education for All ; Educational Reform ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Information Asymmetries ; Learning ; Learning Environment ; Learning Outcomes ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: Mexico's compensatory education program provides extra resources to primary schools that enroll disadvantaged students in highly disadvantaged rural communities. One of the most important components of the program is the school-based management intervention known as AGEs. The impact of the AGEs is assessed on intermediate school quality indicators (failure, repetition and dropout), controlling for the presence of the conditional cash transfer program. Results prove that school-based management is an effective measure for improving outcomes, based on an over time difference-in-difference evaluation. Complementary qualitative evidence corroborates the veracity of such findings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jakubowski, Maciej COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; International Student Achievement Tests ; Large-Scale International Learning Assessment ; Learning Loss ; Programme For International Student Assessment (PISA) ; Public Examination System ; School Closure Impact ; Student Achievement
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time
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