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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3)
  • MEK Berlin  (1)
  • Undetermined  (4)
  • Biology
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Material
Language
Years
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press
    ISBN: 9780262369961 , 9780262045278
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Montoya, Robert D. Power of position
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Bibliographic & subject control ; Scientific nomenclature & classification ; Systematik ; Taxonomie ; Biodiversität ; Biologie ; Geschichte
    Abstract: How biodiversity classification, with its ranking of species, has social and political implications as well as implications for the field of information studies. The idea that species live in nature as pure and clear-cut named individuals is a fiction, as scientists well know. According to Robert D. Montoya, classifications are powerful mechanisms and we must better attend to the machinations of power inherent in them, as well as to how the effects of this power proliferate beyond the boundaries of their original intent. We must acknowledge the many ways our classifications are implicated in environmental, ecological, and social justice work-and information specialists must play a role in updating our notions of what it means to classify. In Power of Position, Montoya shows how classifications are systems that relateone entity with other entities, requiring those who construct a system to value an entity's relative importance-by way of its position-within a system of other entities. These practices, says Montoya, are important ways of constituting and exerting power. Classification also has very real-world consequences. An animal classified as protected and endangered, for example, is protected by law. Montoya also discusses the Catalogue of Life, a new kind of composite classification that reconciles many local ("traditional") taxonomies, forming a unified taxonomic backbone structure for organizing biological data. Finally, he shows how the theories of information studies are applicable to realms far beyond those of biological classification
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9780262369978 , 9780262045353
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: The MIT Press
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Parr, Thomas, 1993 - Active inference
    RVK:
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior-a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a "first principles" approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning
    Note: English
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780262370349 , 9780262544030
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: The MIT Press
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beggs, John M. The cortex and the critical point
    RVK:
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; Cryogenics ; Neural networks & fuzzy systems
    Abstract: How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs-one of the pioneers of this hypothesis-offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences-first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Hildberghausen : Thüringische Verl.-Anst.
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 49 S.
    Series Statement: Beiträge zur Rassenkunde 9
    Series Statement: Beiträge zur Rassenkunde
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Griechenland ; Griechenland ; Geschichte
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