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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (37)
  • 1965-1969  (37)
  • Social sciences.  (37)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quarrying Opencast and Alluvial Mining (1969)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401176118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Prospecting -- 3 Planning and Development -- 4 Removal of Overburden -- 5 The Use of Explosives in Surface Mining -- 6 Quarrying Hard Rocks -- 7 Working Iron and Copper Deposits by Open Pits -- 8 Opencast Coal -- 9 Surface Mining of Bauxite, Clays, Chalk and Phosphates -- 10 Surface Mining of Gold, Platinum, Uranium and Gemstones -- 11 Sand and Gravel -- 12 Alluvial Mining -- 13 Power Supply in the Surface Mining Industries -- 14 Reclamation after Surface Mining -- 15 The Management of Surface Mines -- Appendix I—Electromagnetic Prospecting -- Appendix II—Performance of Medium and Large Draglines -- Appendix III—Aggregates in Concrete.
    Abstract: Quarrying and all other branches of surface mining rather than diminishing in importance have become of more and more consequence economically, industrially and particularly with the depletion of high-grade deep-mined mineral reserves. Low-grade minerals require low cost extraction and this in many cases necessitates very expensive mechanized equipment with the cost of individual units running into millions of pounds in the case of large­ scale operations with high productivity. There has been, and there still is, a tendency for the smaller single quarries to be amalgamated into groups with large financial resources and therefore with the ability to purchase these expensive machines so necessary to make operations viable. This in turn requires wider administrative and technical knowledge in executives of these groups and as these often handle a wide range of products from widely differing systems of working, this technical knowledge should embrace the exploitation of many different types of deposits. There is, at present, a great dearth throughout the world of such qualified executives as is apparent from advertisements of vacancies in the technical press. It would appear that these industries offer an attractive career to the widely qualified and experienced technologist in these fields. This book deals with methods of working in the surface extractive indus­ tries, quarry management and power supply-but does not deal with related ancillary processes except where these affect quarrying operations.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Prospecting -- 3 Planning and Development -- 4 Removal of Overburden -- 5 The Use of Explosives in Surface Mining -- 6 Quarrying Hard Rocks -- 7 Working Iron and Copper Deposits by Open Pits -- 8 Opencast Coal -- 9 Surface Mining of Bauxite, Clays, Chalk and Phosphates -- 10 Surface Mining of Gold, Platinum, Uranium and Gemstones -- 11 Sand and Gravel -- 12 Alluvial Mining -- 13 Power Supply in the Surface Mining Industries -- 14 Reclamation after Surface Mining -- 15 The Management of Surface Mines -- Appendix I-Electromagnetic Prospecting -- Appendix II-Performance of Medium and Large Draglines -- Appendix III-Aggregates in Concrete.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7611-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elasticity, Fracture and Flow : with Engineering and Geological Applications (1969)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Stress and Strain -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Stress. Definitions and notation -- 3. Stresses in two dimensions -- 4. Stresses in three dimensions -- 5. Mohr’s representation of stress in three dimensions -- 6. Displacement and strain. Introduction -- 7. The geometry of finite homogeneous strain in two dimensions -- 8. Finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions -- 9. Mohr’s representation of finite homogeneous strain without rotation -- 10. Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions -- 11. Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions -- II Behaviour of Actual Materials -- 12. Introductory -- 13. The stress-strain relations for a perfectly elastic isotropic solid -- 14. Special cases: biaxial stress and strain -- 15. Strain-energy -- 16. Anisotropic substances -- 17. Finite hydrostatic strain -- 18. Natural strain -- 19. The equations of viscosity -- 20. Fracture and yield -- 21. The maximum shear stress theory of fracture and its generalizations -- 22. Mohr’s theory of fracture -- 23. Earth pressure -- 24. The Griffith theory of brittle strength -- 25. Strain theories of failure -- 26. The tensile test on ductile materials -- 27. Yield criteria -- 28. The yield surface -- 29. The equations of plasticity -- 30. Substances with composite properties -- III Equations of Motion and Equilibrium -- 31. Introductory -- 32. Simple problems illustrating the behaviour of elastic, viscous, plastic and Bingham substances -- 33. The elastic equations of motion -- 34. The elastic equations of equilibrium -- 35. Special cases of the equations of elasticity -- 36. Special problems in elasticity -- 37. Wave propagation -- 38. Elastic waves -- 39. The equations of motion of a viscous fluid -- 40. Special problems in viscosity -- 41. Plastic flow in two dimensions -- IV Applications -- 42. Introductory -- 43. Experimental results on the mechanical properties of rocks -- 44. Systems having one or more planes of weakness -- 45. Porous media -- 46. Further discussion of criteria for failure -- 47. Stresses and faulting in the crust -- 48. The Coulomb-Navier theory in terms of invariants -- 49. The representation of two-dimensional stress fields -- 50. Stresses around openings -- 51. The use of the complex variable -- 52. Displacements -- 53. Underground measurements and their results -- 54. Measurement of rock properties -- 55. Effects of flaws, size and stress gradient -- 56. The complete stress-strain curve -- V Applications to Structural Geology -- 57. Introductory -- 58. Combination of strains -- 59. Determination of finite strain from deformed objects -- 60. Progressive deformation -- 61. Analysis of strain in folding -- 62. Instability theory: folding and kinking -- 63. Development of preferred orientations of ellipsoidal particles -- Notation -- Author Index.
    Abstract: IN this monograph I have attempted to set out, in as elemen­ tary a form as possible, the basic mathematics of the theories of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity, and rheology, together with a discussion of the properties of the materials involved and the way in which they are idealized to form a basis for the mathe­ matical theory. There are many mathematical text-books on these subjects, but they are largely devoted to methods for the solution of special problems, and, while the present book may be regarded as an introduction to these, it is also in­ tended for the large class of readers such as engineers and geologists who are more interested in the detailed analysis of stress and strain, the properties of some of the materials they use, criteria for flow and fracture, and so on, and whose interest in the theory is rather in the assumptions involved in it and the way in which they affect the solutions than in the study of special problems. The first chapter develops the analysis of stress and strain rather fully, giving, in particular, an account of Mohr's repre­ sentations of stress and of finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions. In the second chapter, on the behaviour of materials, the stress-strain relations for elasticity (both for isotropic and simple anisotropic substances), viscosity, plas­ ticity and some of the simpler rheological models are described.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Stress and Strain1. Introductory -- 2. Stress. Definitions and notation -- 3. Stresses in two dimensions -- 4. Stresses in three dimensions -- 5. Mohr’s representation of stress in three dimensions -- 6. Displacement and strain. Introduction -- 7. The geometry of finite homogeneous strain in two dimensions -- 8. Finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions -- 9. Mohr’s representation of finite homogeneous strain without rotation -- 10. Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions -- 11. Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions -- II Behaviour of Actual Materials -- 12. Introductory -- 13. The stress-strain relations for a perfectly elastic isotropic solid -- 14. Special cases: biaxial stress and strain -- 15. Strain-energy -- 16. Anisotropic substances -- 17. Finite hydrostatic strain -- 18. Natural strain -- 19. The equations of viscosity -- 20. Fracture and yield -- 21. The maximum shear stress theory of fracture and its generalizations -- 22. Mohr’s theory of fracture -- 23. Earth pressure -- 24. The Griffith theory of brittle strength -- 25. Strain theories of failure -- 26. The tensile test on ductile materials -- 27. Yield criteria -- 28. The yield surface -- 29. The equations of plasticity -- 30. Substances with composite properties -- III Equations of Motion and Equilibrium -- 31. Introductory -- 32. Simple problems illustrating the behaviour of elastic, viscous, plastic and Bingham substances -- 33. The elastic equations of motion -- 34. The elastic equations of equilibrium -- 35. Special cases of the equations of elasticity -- 36. Special problems in elasticity -- 37. Wave propagation -- 38. Elastic waves -- 39. The equations of motion of a viscous fluid -- 40. Special problems in viscosity -- 41. Plastic flow in two dimensions -- IV Applications -- 42. Introductory -- 43. Experimental results on the mechanical properties of rocks -- 44. Systems having one or more planes of weakness -- 45. Porous media -- 46. Further discussion of criteria for failure -- 47. Stresses and faulting in the crust -- 48. The Coulomb-Navier theory in terms of invariants -- 49. The representation of two-dimensional stress fields -- 50. Stresses around openings -- 51. The use of the complex variable -- 52. Displacements -- 53. Underground measurements and their results -- 54. Measurement of rock properties -- 55. Effects of flaws, size and stress gradient -- 56. The complete stress-strain curve -- V Applications to Structural Geology -- 57. Introductory -- 58. Combination of strains -- 59. Determination of finite strain from deformed objects -- 60. Progressive deformation -- 61. Analysis of strain in folding -- 62. Instability theory: folding and kinking -- 63. Development of preferred orientations of ellipsoidal particles -- Notation -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6024-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Introductory Group Theory : and Its Application to Molecular Structure (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461548218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Group theory. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Symmetry in General -- 1-1. Introduction -- 1-2. Definition of Symmetry -- 1-3. Symmetry in Our Culture -- 1-4. Symmetry in Nature -- 1-5. Symmetry in Science -- 1-6. References -- 2 Symmetry in Chemistry -- 2-1. Introduction -- 2-2. Symmetry Elements -- 2-3. Point Groups -- 2-4. Rules for Classification of Molecules into Point Groups -- 2-5. Problems -- 2-6. References -- 2-7. Bibliography -- 3 Elementary Mathematics -- 3-1. Definition of a Group -- 3-2. Finite and Infinite Groups -- 3-3. Subgroups -- 3-4. Classes -- 3-5. Definition of a Matrix -- 3-6. Multiplication of Matrices -- 3-7. Transpose of a Matrix -- 3-8. Representation of Groups -- 3-9. Problems -- 3-10. References -- 4 The Character Table -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Types of Representations -- 4-3. Character Tables for the More Common Point Groups -- 4-4. Problem -- 5 Derivation of Selection Rules -- 5-1. Derivation of Selection Rules for Nonlinear Molecules of the Most Common Point Groups -- 5-2. The Td Point Group -- 5-3. The D4h Point Group -- 5-4. The Oh Point Group -- 5-5. The D3h Point Group -- 5-6. The C3v Point Group -- 5-7. The C2v Point Group -- 5-8. Derivation of Selection Rules for Linear Molecules -- 5-9. Problem -- 5-10. References -- 6 Potential Force Fields -- 6-1. The General Quadratic Potential Function -- 6-2. The Central Force Field -- 6-3. The Valence Force Field -- 6-4. The Generalized Valence Force Field -- 6-5. The Urey—Bradley Function -- 6-6. References -- 7 The Normal Coordinate Treatment for Molecules with C2v, C3v, Td, and Oh Symmetry -- 7-1. Procedure Necessary in the NCT Method -- 7-2. Normal Coordinate Treatment of H2O (C2v Symmetry) -- 7-3. Normal Coordinate Treatment of NH3(C3v Symmetry) -- 7-4. Normal Coordinate Treatment of CH4(Td Symmetry) -- 7-5. Normal Coordinate Treatment of UF6(Oh Symmetry) -- 7-6. Some Results of NCT of Molecules -- 7-7. The Product Rule -- 7-8. The Sum Rule -- 7-9. Summary -- 7-10. Problems -- 7-11. References -- 8 Applications of Group Theory -- 8-1. Introduction -- 8-2. Procedure Used in Determing the Structure of a Molecule -- 8-3. Examples Illustrating the Use of Group Theory in Determining Molecular Structure -- 8-4. Practice Problem -- 8-5. Selection of Rules for A3 to A8 Molecules -- 8-6. Forbidden Vibrations for Several Point Groups -- 8-7. Problems -- 8-8. References -- Appendices -- 1. Conversion Table for Wavelength and Wave Number Units -- 3. Diagrams of Normal Vibrations for Common Point Groups -- 4. Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions for Vibrational—Rotational Spectra -- 6. General Method of Obtaining Molecular Symmetry Coordinates -- 7. Conversion Chart for Various Forms of Energy and Velocities.
    Abstract: This volume is a consequence of a series of seminars presented by the authors at the Infrared Spectroscopy Institute, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, over the last nine years. Many participants on an intermediate level lacked a sufficient background in mathematics and quantum mechan­ ics, and it became evident that a non mathematical or nearly nonmathe­ matical approach would be necessary. The lectures were designed to fill this need and proved very successful. As a result of the interest that was developed in this approach, it was decided to write this book. The text is intended for scientists and students with only limited theore­ tical background in spectroscopy, but who are sincerely interested in the interpretation of molecular spectra. The book develops the detailed selection rules for fundamentals, combinations, and overtones for molecules in several point groups. Detailed procedures used in carrying out the normal coordinate treatment for several molecules are also presented. Numerous examples from the literature illustrate the use of group theory in the in­ terpretation of molecular spectra and in the determination of molecular structure.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Symmetry in General1-1. Introduction -- 1-2. Definition of Symmetry -- 1-3. Symmetry in Our Culture -- 1-4. Symmetry in Nature -- 1-5. Symmetry in Science -- 1-6. References -- 2 Symmetry in Chemistry -- 2-1. Introduction -- 2-2. Symmetry Elements -- 2-3. Point Groups -- 2-4. Rules for Classification of Molecules into Point Groups -- 2-5. Problems -- 2-6. References -- 2-7. Bibliography -- 3 Elementary Mathematics -- 3-1. Definition of a Group -- 3-2. Finite and Infinite Groups -- 3-3. Subgroups -- 3-4. Classes -- 3-5. Definition of a Matrix -- 3-6. Multiplication of Matrices -- 3-7. Transpose of a Matrix -- 3-8. Representation of Groups -- 3-9. Problems -- 3-10. References -- 4 The Character Table -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Types of Representations -- 4-3. Character Tables for the More Common Point Groups -- 4-4. Problem -- 5 Derivation of Selection Rules -- 5-1. Derivation of Selection Rules for Nonlinear Molecules of the Most Common Point Groups -- 5-2. The Td Point Group -- 5-3. The D4h Point Group -- 5-4. The Oh Point Group -- 5-5. The D3h Point Group -- 5-6. The C3v Point Group -- 5-7. The C2v Point Group -- 5-8. Derivation of Selection Rules for Linear Molecules -- 5-9. Problem -- 5-10. References -- 6 Potential Force Fields -- 6-1. The General Quadratic Potential Function -- 6-2. The Central Force Field -- 6-3. The Valence Force Field -- 6-4. The Generalized Valence Force Field -- 6-5. The Urey-Bradley Function -- 6-6. References -- 7 The Normal Coordinate Treatment for Molecules with C2v, C3v, Td, and Oh Symmetry -- 7-1. Procedure Necessary in the NCT Method -- 7-2. Normal Coordinate Treatment of H2O (C2v Symmetry) -- 7-3. Normal Coordinate Treatment of NH3(C3v Symmetry) -- 7-4. Normal Coordinate Treatment of CH4(Td Symmetry) -- 7-5. Normal Coordinate Treatment of UF6(Oh Symmetry) -- 7-6. Some Results of NCT of Molecules -- 7-7. The Product Rule -- 7-8. The Sum Rule -- 7-9. Summary -- 7-10. Problems -- 7-11. References -- 8 Applications of Group Theory -- 8-1. Introduction -- 8-2. Procedure Used in Determing the Structure of a Molecule -- 8-3. Examples Illustrating the Use of Group Theory in Determining Molecular Structure -- 8-4. Practice Problem -- 8-5. Selection of Rules for A3 to A8 Molecules -- 8-6. Forbidden Vibrations for Several Point Groups -- 8-7. Problems -- 8-8. References -- Appendices -- 1. Conversion Table for Wavelength and Wave Number Units -- 3. Diagrams of Normal Vibrations for Common Point Groups -- 4. Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions for Vibrational-Rotational Spectra -- 6. General Method of Obtaining Molecular Symmetry Coordinates -- 7. Conversion Chart for Various Forms of Energy and Velocities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4821-8
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  • 4
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    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 2 (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489958419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 351 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Advances in Information Systems Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5841-9
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  • 5
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    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 1 (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461590507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Theory of Algorithms and Discrete Processors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discrete Processors -- 3. Examples of Discrete Processors -- 4. Computers and Discrete Processors -- 5. Systems of Algorithmic Algebras -- 6. Application of Algorithmic Algebras to Transformations of Microprograms -- 7. Equivalence of Discrete Processors -- 8. Equivalence of Automata with Terminal States Relative to an Automaton without Cycles -- 9. Specific Cases of Solutions to the Equivalence Problem -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Programming Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Basic Linguistic Nature of Programming Languages -- 3. Programming Languages and Semiotics -- 4. The Formal Definition of Programming Lan guages -- 5. The Definition of Programmable Automata and their Languages -- 6. Parallel Concurrent Processes -- 7. Machine Languages -- 8. Special and General-Purpose Algorithmic Languages -- 9. Special Problem-Oriented Languages -- 10. Simulation Languages -- 11. Conversational Languages -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Formula Manipulation—The User’s Point of View -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Different Types of Formula Manipulation Systems -- 3. Toward a Mathematical Utility -- 4. The Formula Manipulation Language Symbal -- 5. The Syntax of Symbal -- 6. The Basic Symbols and Syntactic Entities -- 7. Expressions -- 8. The Remaining Parts of the Language -- 9. Standard Variables -- 10. Techniques and Applications -- 11. Summary -- References -- 4 Engineering Principles of Pattern Recognition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Problems in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Feature Selection and Preprocessing -- 4. Pattern Classification by Distance Functions -- 5. Pattern Classification by Potential Functions.. -- 6. Pattern Classification by Likelihood Functions -- 7. Pattern Classification by Entropy Functions.. -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 5 Learning Control Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trainable Controllers -- 3. Reinforcement Learning Control Systems -- 4. Bayesian Learning in Control Systems -- 5. Learning Control Systems Using Stochastic Approximation -- 6. The Method of Potential Functions and its Application to Learning Control -- 7. Stochastic Automata as Models of Learning Controllers -- 8. Conclusions -- Appendix. Stochastic Approximation—A Brief Survey -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Engineering has long been thought of by the public as a profession tra­ ditionally categorized into such branches as electrical, mechanical, chemical, industrial, civil, etc. This classification has served its purpose for the past half century; but the last decade has witnessed a tremendous change. A continuous transition from the practical to the theoretical has made technology overlap with science, and the enlargement of scope and broad­ ened diversification have smeared the boundaries between traditional engi­ neering and scientific fields. Engineering is rapidly becoming a diversified, multidisciplinary field of scientific endeavor. This has prompted us to regard modern engineering as a science, which has as its ingredients materials, energy, and information. In our complex and technologically-oriented society organizations are flooded with an enormous amount of management information. We are now faced with problems concerning the efficient use of communicated knowledge. The steady growth in the magnitude and complexity of informa­ tion systems necessitates the development of new theories and techniques for solving these information problems. We demand instant access to pre­ viously recorded information for decision making, and we require new meth­ ods for analysis, recognition, processing, and display. As a consequence, information science has evolved out of necessity. Concerned with the theoretical basis of the organization, control, stor­ age, retrieval, processing, and communication of information both by natural and artificial systems, information science is multidisciplinary in character. It covers a vast area of subject matter in the physical and biological sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Theory of Algorithms and Discrete Processors1. Introduction -- 2. Discrete Processors -- 3. Examples of Discrete Processors -- 4. Computers and Discrete Processors -- 5. Systems of Algorithmic Algebras -- 6. Application of Algorithmic Algebras to Transformations of Microprograms -- 7. Equivalence of Discrete Processors -- 8. Equivalence of Automata with Terminal States Relative to an Automaton without Cycles -- 9. Specific Cases of Solutions to the Equivalence Problem -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Programming Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Basic Linguistic Nature of Programming Languages -- 3. Programming Languages and Semiotics -- 4. The Formal Definition of Programming Lan guages -- 5. The Definition of Programmable Automata and their Languages -- 6. Parallel Concurrent Processes -- 7. Machine Languages -- 8. Special and General-Purpose Algorithmic Languages -- 9. Special Problem-Oriented Languages -- 10. Simulation Languages -- 11. Conversational Languages -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Formula Manipulation-The User’s Point of View -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Different Types of Formula Manipulation Systems -- 3. Toward a Mathematical Utility -- 4. The Formula Manipulation Language Symbal -- 5. The Syntax of Symbal -- 6. The Basic Symbols and Syntactic Entities -- 7. Expressions -- 8. The Remaining Parts of the Language -- 9. Standard Variables -- 10. Techniques and Applications -- 11. Summary -- References -- 4 Engineering Principles of Pattern Recognition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Problems in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Feature Selection and Preprocessing -- 4. Pattern Classification by Distance Functions -- 5. Pattern Classification by Potential Functions. -- 6. Pattern Classification by Likelihood Functions -- 7. Pattern Classification by Entropy Functions. -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 5 Learning Control Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trainable Controllers -- 3. Reinforcement Learning Control Systems -- 4. Bayesian Learning in Control Systems -- 5. Learning Control Systems Using Stochastic Approximation -- 6. The Method of Potential Functions and its Application to Learning Control -- 7. Stochastic Automata as Models of Learning Controllers -- 8. Conclusions -- Appendix. Stochastic Approximation-A Brief Survey -- References -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9050-7
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  • 6
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    The Confluent Hypergeometric Function : with Special Emphasis on its Applications (1969)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642883965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 239 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The subject of this book is the higher transcendental function known as the confluent hypergeometric function. In the last two decades this function has taken on an ever increasing significance because of its use in the application of mathematics to physical and technical problems. There is no doubt that this trend will continue until the general theory of confluent hypergeometric functions becomes familiar to the majority of physicists in much the same way as the cylinder functions, which were previously less well known, are now used in many engineering and physical problems. This book is intended to further this development. The important practical significance of the functions which are treated hardly demands an involved discussion since they include, as special cases, a number of simpler special functions which have long been the everyday tool of the physicist. It is sufficient to mention that these include, among others, the logarithmic integral, the integral sine and cosine, the error integral, the Fresnel integral, the cylinder functions and the cylinder function in parabolic cylindrical coordinates. For anyone who puts forth the effort to study the confluent hypergeometric function in more detail there is the inestimable advantage of being able to understand the properties of other functions derivable from it. This gen­ eral point of view is particularly useful in connection with series ex­ pansions valid for values of the argument near zero or infinity and in connection with the various integral representations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-88396-5
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  • 7
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    Space-Age Acronyms : Abbreviations and Designations (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461595946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition Revised and Enlarged
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Acronyms, Abbreviations -- Missile, Rocket, Probe, and Drone Designation System -- Aircraft Designation System -- Ship Designations -- Communication Electronic Equipment Designation System -- Set or Equipment Designation System -- Component Designation System.
    Abstract: Acronym agglomeration is an affliction of the age, and there are acronym addicts who, in their weakness, find it impossible to resist them. More than once in recent months my peers have cautioned me about my apparent readiness to use not only acronyms, but abbreviations, foreign­ isms, codes, and other cryptic symbols rather than common, ordinary American words. Many among us, though, either have not received or have chosen to ignore such advice. As a consequence, what we write and speak is full of mystery and confusion. It is then for the reader and listener and for the writer and speaker that Reta C. Moser has compiled this guide. Its effective application to the art of communication is urged. Such use should help avoid many of the misunderstandings involving terminology which occur daily. Although such misunderstandings are certainly crucial in humanistic and social situations, they are often of immediate import and the trigger to disaster in scientific, technical, and political situations. Some 15,000 acronyms and 25,000 definitions are provided (a 50- and 47 -percent increase over the 1964 edition!), with due credit to Miss Moser's diligence in making the compilation and with the acknowledgment that the acronymical phenomenon is very much with us. This edition, like the first, is certain to be of value to writers, librarians, editors, and others who must identify and deal with acronyms.
    Description / Table of Contents: Acronyms, AbbreviationsMissile, Rocket, Probe, and Drone Designation System -- Aircraft Designation System -- Ship Designations -- Communication Electronic Equipment Designation System -- Set or Equipment Designation System -- Component Designation System.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9594-6
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  • 8
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    Journal Bearings in Turbomachinery (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475756234
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I — Theory and Practice -- 1 Bearing Development and Bearing Theory -- 2 Current Practice in Journal Bearings -- II — Performance in Steady Running -- 3 Functioning of Journal Bearings -- 4 Conventional Hydrodynamic Theory of Laminar Flow -- 5 Similarity Rules, Flow Regimes, and Characteristic Relations -- 6 Observed Bearing Performance -- 7 Approximate Assessment of Performance -- III — Dynamic Characteristics -- 8 Journal Bearings in Vibration -- 9 Conventional Theory of Linearized Dynamic Characteristics with Laminar Flow -- 10 Effects of Inertia of Oil on Dynamic Characteristics -- 11 Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics -- 12 Influence of Bearings in Turbomachinery Vibration -- IV — Operational Experience and Prospective Development -- 13 Operation of Journal Bearings in Turbomachinery -- 14 Prospects in Development of Journal Bearings -- Appendices -- i Analytical Solution for Very Narrow Bearing -- ii Analytical Solution for Infinitely Wide Bearing -- iii Transformation of Axes -- iv Limiting Value of Characteristics at High Eccentricity Ratio -- v Definitions and Units of Viscosity -- vi Properties of Turbine Lubricating Oils -- vii The Apparent Out-of-balance Coefficients -- References.
    Abstract: This book deals with the functioning of hydrodynamic journal bearings in turbomachinery. It makes particular reference to large turbine­ generator and marine propulsion plant. Journal-bearing design in this field has been based mainly on experience supplemented by full-scale experimental test. Development is becoming influenced to an increasing extent by research and analysis. Particular attention is given in this book to correlation of research and analytical work with the observed operating characteristics of journal bearings. The physical phenomena in bearings are complicated, and analysis is rendered convenient only by making simplifying assumptions. The engineer must know which assumptions are serviceable and in what operating conditions they may be applied. Current British and European practice in journal bearings is illus­ trated. An examination is made of steady running characteristics, as predicted by theory and as established by test. Some account is given of the dynamic characteristics of journal bearings and of their in­ fluence in machine vibration. Service experience of journal bearings is reviewed, and reference is made to possible future trends in develop­ ment. The book is the outcome of work on turbine plant with Metropolitan­ Vickers and its successor Associated Electrical Industries. The A.E.!. and English Electric activities in this field have recently been incor­ porated in English Electric-A.E.!. Turbine-Generators Ltd. The author expresses his gratitude to the Company for permission to publish the results. He thanks the English Electric Co. Ltd., C. A.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5623-4
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  • 9
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    Computer Graphics : Techniques and Applications (1969)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475713206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer graphics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Systems, Equipment, Techniques, and Trends -- What Has Computer Graphics to Offer? -- Computer Graphics Hardware Techniques -- Computer Graphics Software Techniques -- Interactive Software Techniques -- Computer Display System Tradeoffs -- Computer Graphics in the United States -- The U.K. Scene -- Low Cost Graphics -- Remote Display Terminals -- Applications, Installations -- Graphical Computer Aided Programming Systems -- Alphanumeric Terminals for Management Information -- Computer Graphics Used for Architectural Design and Costing -- Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- Appendix to Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- High Energy Physics Applications -- Mechanical Design Using Graphics -- Electronic Design Using Graphics -- Man-Machine Co-operation on a Learning Task -- Some Hardware, Software and Applications Problems -- For the Computer Technologist -- Present-day Computer Graphics Research -- For Reference -- Some Commercially Available Computer Graphics Systems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1320-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Genesis of the Hymenoptera and the phases of their evolution (1968)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468471618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Genesis of the Hymenoptera -- Palaeontological and comparative morphological data. Hypotheses on the origin of the Hymenoptera -- The archaic terrestrial phase -- 3 Genesis of the Lower Hymenoptera (Phytophaga) -- The transition from saprophytic feeding to phytophagy. The exophytic cephoid phase. Modern relicts -- The endophytic cephoid phase. The transition from feeding on normal plant tissues to feeding on galls -- 4 Genesis of the Terebrantia -- The problem of the origin of the first carnivorous Hymenoptera -- Hypotheses on the origin of the Terebrantia -- The transition from phytophagy to zoophagy and the genesis of the Terebrantia -- The archaic inquilinoid phase -- The predatory oöphagous (ectoöphagous) phase -- The parasitic oöphagous (endoöphagous) phase -- The secondary phytophagous (phytoöphagous) phase -- The delayed parasitic (metaparasitic) phase -- The intermediate parasitic (planidial) phase -- The hypermetamorphic parasitic phase -- The polyembryonic parasitic phase -- The passive parasitic (trigonaloid) phase -- The direct parasitic (orthoparasitic) phase -- The imaginai parasitic phase -- 5 Genesis of the Wasps (Vespiformia s. lat.) -- The problem of the origin of the wasps -- Elements of wasp life in the Terebrantia -- The wasp-like (bethyloid) phase page -- The primary wasp (pompiloid) phase -- The secondary wasp (sphecoid) phase -- The third wasp (crabronoid) phase -- The fourth wasp (bembicoid) phase -- The fifth wasp (moneduloid) phase -- The neo-wasp (vespoid) phase -- The hypotheses of Bouvier and his followers on the origin of the instincts of wasps -- 6 Genesis of the Ants (Formicoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the ants. The problem -- The predatory semi-familial phase -- The ectoparasitic semi-familial phase -- The familial ectoparasitic (hemiformicoid) phase -- The primary ant (proformicoid) phase -- The secondary ant (formicoid) phase -- 7 Genesis of the Bees (Apoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the bees. The problem -- The bee-like phase in the vespoid wasps -- The primary bee phase of vespoid type -- The secondary bee phase of vespoid type -- Evolution of the sphecoid wasps and the problem of the genesis of the true bees -- The primary bee phase of sphecoid type and its genesis -- Index of Authors -- Index of Latin Names.
    Abstract: The late Professor S. I. Malyshev, who died from a cerebral haemorrhage on 9 May 1967 at the age of 83 in the train while travelling to field work, was one of the foremost European students of the Hymenoptera, in particular of the habits of solitary bees, a subject on which he had published many papers since 1908, mostly in Russian. In 1935 he published an important paper on part of his work, and I helped to edit the publication, which was in English. A few years ago some of my friends in California asked me if I could not persuade him to complete his early paper on solitary bees, offering if necessary to arrange for a translation. When I wrote to Professor Malyshev making this suggestion he no longer had the health to produce a new work, but he sent me a copy of his recent book on the evolution of the Hymenoptera which he thought might be worth trans­ lating. Sir Boris Uvarov was good enough to translate for me the chapter and section headings, and it seemed to both of us that a lot of new ground was covered in a highly original way. The explanation of the changes in behaviour that must have taken place when the simple, plant-feeding saw­ flies developed into highly specialized parasites or into industrious, food­ collecting, social insects such as the ants, bees, and wasps can well be regarded as one of the major challenges to zoologists.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Genesis of the Hymenoptera -- Palaeontological and comparative morphological data. Hypotheses on the origin of the Hymenoptera -- The archaic terrestrial phase -- 3 Genesis of the Lower Hymenoptera (Phytophaga) -- The transition from saprophytic feeding to phytophagy. The exophytic cephoid phase. Modern relicts -- The endophytic cephoid phase. The transition from feeding on normal plant tissues to feeding on galls -- 4 Genesis of the Terebrantia -- The problem of the origin of the first carnivorous Hymenoptera -- Hypotheses on the origin of the Terebrantia -- The transition from phytophagy to zoophagy and the genesis of the Terebrantia -- The archaic inquilinoid phase -- The predatory oöphagous (ectoöphagous) phase -- The parasitic oöphagous (endoöphagous) phase -- The secondary phytophagous (phytoöphagous) phase -- The delayed parasitic (metaparasitic) phase -- The intermediate parasitic (planidial) phase -- The hypermetamorphic parasitic phase -- The polyembryonic parasitic phase -- The passive parasitic (trigonaloid) phase -- The direct parasitic (orthoparasitic) phase -- The imaginai parasitic phase -- 5 Genesis of the Wasps (Vespiformia s. lat.) -- The problem of the origin of the wasps -- Elements of wasp life in the Terebrantia -- The wasp-like (bethyloid) phase page -- The primary wasp (pompiloid) phase -- The secondary wasp (sphecoid) phase -- The third wasp (crabronoid) phase -- The fourth wasp (bembicoid) phase -- The fifth wasp (moneduloid) phase -- The neo-wasp (vespoid) phase -- The hypotheses of Bouvier and his followers on the origin of the instincts of wasps -- 6 Genesis of the Ants (Formicoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the ants. The problem -- The predatory semi-familial phase -- The ectoparasitic semi-familial phase -- The familial ectoparasitic (hemiformicoid) phase -- The primary ant (proformicoid) phase -- The secondary ant (formicoid) phase -- 7 Genesis of the Bees (Apoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the bees. The problem -- The bee-like phase in the vespoid wasps -- The primary bee phase of vespoid type -- The secondary bee phase of vespoid type -- Evolution of the sphecoid wasps and the problem of the genesis of the true bees -- The primary bee phase of sphecoid type and its genesis -- Index of Authors -- Index of Latin Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7161-8
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  • 11
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    Protective Relays : Their Theory and Practice (1968)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468464597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 484 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying. Causes of Faults. Definitions. Functions of Protective Relays. Application to a Power System -- 2. Relay Design and Construction. Characteristics. Choice of Measuring Units. Construction of Measuring Units. Construction of Timing Units. Details of Design. Cases. Panel Mounting. Operation Indicators. Finishes -- 3. The Main Characteristics of Protective Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Relay Characteristics. General Equation for Characteristics. Inversion Chart. Resonance. Appendix -- 4. Overcurrent Protection. Time-Current Characteristics. Application. Limits of Error. Ratings. Directional Overcurrent Protection. A.C. Tripping. Schemes for Radial Feeders. Construction. Application. Problem -- 5. Distance Relays. General Principles. Special Characteristics. Limitations. Application to Lines. Settings. Multi-terminal Lines. Construction. A.C. Potential Supply. Simultaneous Ground Faults. Auto-reclosing Zero Sequence Compensation -- 6. Switched and Polyphase Distance Relays. Reduction of Measuring Units. Automatic Switching Schemes. Polyphase Distance Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Analysis of Polyphase Comparators -- 7. Directional Pilot Relaying. Basic Principles. Pilot Wire Schemes. Carrier Channel Schemes. Carrier Signal Checking. Future Trends -- 8. A.C. Pilot Relaying. Pilot Wire Schemes. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Effect of Load Current. Multi-terminal Lines. Pilot Wire Limitations. Pilot Supervision. Phase Comparison Carrier -- 9. Protection of A.C. Machines. Generator Protection. Stator Faults. Rotor Faults. Miscellaneous Faults. Motor Protection. Faults. Unbalanced Conditions. Power Station Auxiliaries. Current Differential Relaying -- 10. Power Transformer Protection. Types of Faults. Gas Relays. Differential Relays. Magnetising Inrush. Minimising of Effects. Relay Solutions. Grounding Transformers. Generator Transformer Units. Transformer Feeders -- 11. Bus-Zone Protection. General Principles. Current Differential Protection. Voltage Differential. Frame Leakage Protection. Directional Comparison. Back-up. Supervision -- 12. Back-Up Protection. Basic Principles. Precautions for Reliability Remote Back-up. Local Back-up. Relay Back-up. Breaker Back-up. A.C. Supplies. D.C. Supply -- 13. Maintenance and Testing of Relays. Commissioning. Periodic Maintenance. Transfer to Test Circuit. Tools. Safety Measures. Mechanical Tests. Electrical Tests. Manufacture Tests -- 14. Miscellaneous. Static Relays. Future of Electromagnetic Relays. D.C. Protection Relays. Protection Engineering as a Career -- References.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying. Causes of Faults. Definitions. Functions of Protective Relays. Application to a Power System2. Relay Design and Construction. Characteristics. Choice of Measuring Units. Construction of Measuring Units. Construction of Timing Units. Details of Design. Cases. Panel Mounting. Operation Indicators. Finishes -- 3. The Main Characteristics of Protective Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Relay Characteristics. General Equation for Characteristics. Inversion Chart. Resonance. Appendix -- 4. Overcurrent Protection. Time-Current Characteristics. Application. Limits of Error. Ratings. Directional Overcurrent Protection. A.C. Tripping. Schemes for Radial Feeders. Construction. Application. Problem -- 5. Distance Relays. General Principles. Special Characteristics. Limitations. Application to Lines. Settings. Multi-terminal Lines. Construction. A.C. Potential Supply. Simultaneous Ground Faults. Auto-reclosing Zero Sequence Compensation -- 6. Switched and Polyphase Distance Relays. Reduction of Measuring Units. Automatic Switching Schemes. Polyphase Distance Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Analysis of Polyphase Comparators -- 7. Directional Pilot Relaying. Basic Principles. Pilot Wire Schemes. Carrier Channel Schemes. Carrier Signal Checking. Future Trends -- 8. A.C. Pilot Relaying. Pilot Wire Schemes. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Effect of Load Current. Multi-terminal Lines. Pilot Wire Limitations. Pilot Supervision. Phase Comparison Carrier -- 9. Protection of A.C. Machines. Generator Protection. Stator Faults. Rotor Faults. Miscellaneous Faults. Motor Protection. Faults. Unbalanced Conditions. Power Station Auxiliaries. Current Differential Relaying -- 10. Power Transformer Protection. Types of Faults. Gas Relays. Differential Relays. Magnetising Inrush. Minimising of Effects. Relay Solutions. Grounding Transformers. Generator Transformer Units. Transformer Feeders -- 11. Bus-Zone Protection. General Principles. Current Differential Protection. Voltage Differential. Frame Leakage Protection. Directional Comparison. Back-up. Supervision -- 12. Back-Up Protection. Basic Principles. Precautions for Reliability Remote Back-up. Local Back-up. Relay Back-up. Breaker Back-up. A.C. Supplies. D.C. Supply -- 13. Maintenance and Testing of Relays. Commissioning. Periodic Maintenance. Transfer to Test Circuit. Tools. Safety Measures. Mechanical Tests. Electrical Tests. Manufacture Tests -- 14. Miscellaneous. Static Relays. Future of Electromagnetic Relays. D.C. Protection Relays. Protection Engineering as a Career -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6459-7
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  • 12
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    Legal Problems Arising from the United Nations Military Operations in the Congo (1968)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401192675
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Sociology. ; Social sciences. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I: The Precedents for United Nations Military Operations -- 1. The UN Action in Korea -- 2. United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation in Palestine (UNTSO) -- 3. United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) -- 4. United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East (UNEF) -- 5. Conclusions -- II: The Historical Background to the Congo Situation -- 1. Historical background of Belgian administration -- 2. Events leading to independence -- 3. Independence and the breakdown of public order -- III: The Factual Context within Which the Basic Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly were Made -- 1. The First Phase: 12 July 1960–31 December 1960 -- 2. The Second Phase: 1 January 1961–31 January 1963 -- IV: Constitutional Basis and Effect of the Resolutions Made -- 1. Action by the Security Council — Creation of ONUC -- 2. The Resolutions of the General Assembly -- 3. The role of the Secretary-General under the Charter generally and the specific resolutions -- V: The Functions of ONUC -- 1. To assist the Congolese Government in the restoration and maintenance of law and order -- 2. To assist the Government in restoring and maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Republic of the Congo -- 3. To prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo -- 4. To secure the withdrawal and evacuation from the Congo of all foreign military, para-military and advisory personnel, not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries -- VI: The Principles Applied by the Secretary-General to the Operations of the Force -- 1. The Principle of Non-Intervention -- 2. The Principle of Self-Defence -- 3. The Right to Freedom of movement -- VII: Operational Problems Connected with the UN Force -- 1. Methods of raising the Force -- 2. Relations between UN and Contributing States -- 3. Command Structure -- 4. Strategic and political control -- 5. Applicability of the Laws of War -- VIII: Relations between the UN and the “Host” State -- 1. Exclusiveness of UN authority over the Force -- 2. Status of Forces Agreements -- 3. Relations between the UN and Provincial Authorities -- IX: Relations between the UN and Member States Generally -- 1. Expulsion of foreign military, para-military personnel, political advisers and mercenaries -- 2. Unilateral assistance outside UN -- 3. Use of territories -- 4. Economic “Sanctions” -- X: Claims and Responsibility -- 1. Civil Claims -- 2. Criminal Responsibility -- XI: Civilian Relief Operations -- XII: Financing -- 1. The Budget Procedure -- 2. Apportionment of Expenses generally -- 3. Sources of Funds -- 4. Practice followed in relation to ONUC -- 5. Default of payment and the problem of arrears -- 6. Submission of the Finance Question to the I.C.J. -- 7. The Court’s Opinion on the Finance Question -- 8. The question of Suspension -- 9. New Sources of Funds -- XIII: Conclusions -- I. A “Basic Agreement” between the United Nations and the Congolese Government on the Operation of the Force -- II. Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of the Congo Relating to the Legal Status, Facilities, Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Organization in the Congo -- III. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.
    Abstract: Few episodes in recent history have aroused as much controversy as the United Nations military operations in the Congo. This controversy has no simple, straight-forward, and uniform explanation. Part of the explanation is to be found in the successes and failure of the operation itself; part in its labyrinthine international ramifications. But the most important explanation lies in its significance as a precedent. The ability of the Organization to take "collective measures" to maintain law and order within the territory of a Member State, albeit as a means of preserving international peace, was demonstrated, challenged and criticized. So much has been reported of the details and so varied has been the commentary that only the most intrepid spirit would venture something more with which to detain interested parties. The present study does not pretend to uncover new data so as to complete or correct the his­ torical record; it attempts, rather, to reflect on what has already been brought out and, against that background of factual knowledge, to indi­ cate and examine the legal problems involved. In so doing, it has been necessary to be ruthless in deciding what are central issues and in re­ jecting what is often interesting but probably peripheral.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The Precedents for United Nations Military Operations1. The UN Action in Korea -- 2. United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation in Palestine (UNTSO) -- 3. United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) -- 4. United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East (UNEF) -- 5. Conclusions -- II: The Historical Background to the Congo Situation -- 1. Historical background of Belgian administration -- 2. Events leading to independence -- 3. Independence and the breakdown of public order -- III: The Factual Context within Which the Basic Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly were Made -- 1. The First Phase: 12 July 1960-31 December 1960 -- 2. The Second Phase: 1 January 1961-31 January 1963 -- IV: Constitutional Basis and Effect of the Resolutions Made -- 1. Action by the Security Council - Creation of ONUC -- 2. The Resolutions of the General Assembly -- 3. The role of the Secretary-General under the Charter generally and the specific resolutions -- V: The Functions of ONUC -- 1. To assist the Congolese Government in the restoration and maintenance of law and order -- 2. To assist the Government in restoring and maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Republic of the Congo -- 3. To prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo -- 4. To secure the withdrawal and evacuation from the Congo of all foreign military, para-military and advisory personnel, not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries -- VI: The Principles Applied by the Secretary-General to the Operations of the Force -- 1. The Principle of Non-Intervention -- 2. The Principle of Self-Defence -- 3. The Right to Freedom of movement -- VII: Operational Problems Connected with the UN Force -- 1. Methods of raising the Force -- 2. Relations between UN and Contributing States -- 3. Command Structure -- 4. Strategic and political control -- 5. Applicability of the Laws of War -- VIII: Relations between the UN and the “Host” State -- 1. Exclusiveness of UN authority over the Force -- 2. Status of Forces Agreements -- 3. Relations between the UN and Provincial Authorities -- IX: Relations between the UN and Member States Generally -- 1. Expulsion of foreign military, para-military personnel, political advisers and mercenaries -- 2. Unilateral assistance outside UN -- 3. Use of territories -- 4. Economic “Sanctions” -- X: Claims and Responsibility -- 1. Civil Claims -- 2. Criminal Responsibility -- XI: Civilian Relief Operations -- XII: Financing -- 1. The Budget Procedure -- 2. Apportionment of Expenses generally -- 3. Sources of Funds -- 4. Practice followed in relation to ONUC -- 5. Default of payment and the problem of arrears -- 6. Submission of the Finance Question to the I.C.J. -- 7. The Court’s Opinion on the Finance Question -- 8. The question of Suspension -- 9. New Sources of Funds -- XIII: Conclusions -- I. A “Basic Agreement” between the United Nations and the Congolese Government on the Operation of the Force -- II. Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of the Congo Relating to the Legal Status, Facilities, Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Organization in the Congo -- III. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9267-5
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  • 13
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    Organometallic Compounds : Volume Two. The Transition Elements (1968)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401168939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 376 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: to Volume Two -- Classification -- The 18-electron rule -- 1. Two-Electron Ligands -- A. Classification -- B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes -- C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in organo-metallic complexes -- D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals -- E. General comments of 2-electron ligands -- F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands -- 2. Three-Electron Ligands -- A. Preparation of ?-enyl complexes -- B. The structure of ?-enyl complexes -- C. The ?-allyl metal bond -- D. Dynamic equilibria in allyl complexes -- E. The chemistry of particular ?-enyl complexes -- 3. Four-Electron Ligands -- A. Some differences between unconjugated and conjugated olefin ligands -- B. The bonding of 4-electron ligands to transition metals -- C. Particular studies -- 4. Five-Electron Ligands -- A. Cyclopentadienyl metal complexes -- B. ?-Cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- C. Cyclopentadienide transition metal complexes -- D. The bonding in mono-?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- E. ?-Cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes -- F. ?-Cyclopentadienyl nitrosyl complexes -- G. Brief notes on binuclear ?-cyclopentadienyl complexes containing bridging ligands -- H. ?-Cyclopentadienyl hydride complexes -- I. ?-Cyclopentadienyl halides and oxides -- J. Other 5-electron ligands -- K. The organic chemistry of ?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- L. Some particular reactions -- 5. Six-Electron Ligands -- A. Arene transition metal complexes -- (a) Preparation -- B. Olefin 6-electron ligands -- C. Transition metal complexes containing ?-bonded heterocyclic ligands -- 6. Seven-Electron Ligands Mixed Sandwich Complexes Related Azulene Derivatives and Cyclo-Octatetraene Complexes -- A. 7-Electron ligands -- B. Mixed sandwich complexes -- C. Metal complexes formed from azulenes -- D. Cyclo-octatetraene complexes -- 7. One-Electron Ligands -- I.1. Hydrocarbon alkyl and aryl complexes -- I.2 Transition metal-acyl complexes -- I.3. ?-Cyclopentadienyl complexes -- II. Transition metal fluorocarbon complexes -- III. Transition metal acetytides and alkynyls -- 8. Organometallic Complexes Formed From Acetylenes -- A. Monoacetylene, mononuclear complexes: acetylenes as 2-elec-tron ligands -- B. Monoacetylene binuclear complexes: acetylenes as 4-electron ligands -- C. Monoacetylene trinuclear complexes -- D. Monoacetylene tetranuclear complexes -- E. Bis-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- F. Bis-acetylene trinuclear complexes -- G. Tris-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- H. Tris-acetylene binuclear complexes -- I. Miscellaneous -- 9. The Role of Organotransition Metal Complexes in Some Catalytic Reactions -- A. Some chemistry of transition metal hydride complexes -- B. Some catalytic reactions which involve hydrogen transfer: isomerization reactions -- C. Homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins and acetylenes -- D. Some dimerization oligomerization and polymerization reactions of olefins and acetylenes -- E. Hydroformylation and related carhonylation reactions -- F. Some general comments on the relationship between heterogeneous and homogeneous transition metal catalysts -- G. Miscellaneous -- Author -- Subject -- Crystal Structures〉.
    Abstract: to thank Messrs J. R. Sanders, W. E. Lindsell and M. G. Swanwick for helping to check the text and references and prepare indexes. Finally, I should like to thank my wife for the very considerable assis­ tance she has given me in the writing and production of this book. M. L. H. G. Contents Preface to the Third Edition, Volume Two Page v INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME TWO I Oassification I The IS-electron rule 2 (i) The basis of the I8-electron rule p. 4, (ii) Exceptions to the I8-electron rule p. 5 1. TWO-ELECTRON LIGANDS 7 A. Classification 7 B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes 7 (a) Displacement of solvent ligands p. 9, (b) Preparations from metal carbonyls p. 9, (c) Less common preparative routes p. 11, Reductive olefination method p. 12 C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in orga- metallic complexes 13 (a) General comments p. 13, (b) Symmetry considerations p. 13, (c) Energies of the molecular orbitals p. 14 D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals 14 E. General comments of 2-electron ligands 19 (a) Infrared studies p. 20, (b) Effect of olefin substituents p. 21, (c) The rotation of ethylene about the ligand-metal bond p. 22, (d) Chemical properties p. 23 F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands 25 (a) Copper, silver and gold p. 25, Complexes with benzene p. 28, (b) Nickel, palladium and platinum p.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6893-9
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  • 14
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    Mathematical Foundations of Network Analysis (1968)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642874246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Connected Networks -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Set Theory -- 1.2 Sets with Two or Less Elements -- 1.3 Generalized Union -- 1.4 Relations and Functions -- 1.5 Superpositions and Inverses -- 1.6 Restrictions -- 1.7 Cartesian Products -- 1.8 Some Special Symbols -- 1.9 Finite Sequences -- 1.10 Networks -- 1.11 Geometrical Realization of a Network -- 1.12 Subnetworks -- 1.13 Degree of a Vertex -- 1.14 Path in a Network -- 1.15 Proper Path in a Network -- 1.16 Reduction of a Path to a Proper Path -- 1.17 Connected Networks -- 1.18 Isolated Vertices -- 1.19 Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.20 Path Connected Set of Branches -- 1.21 Union of Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.22 Connectedness of Paths -- 1.23 Component of a Set of Branches -- 1.24 Existence of Components -- 1.25 Partition into Components -- 1.26 Removal of a Branch -- 2. Loops, Trees, and Cut Sets -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Loop in a Network -- 2.2 Loops -- 2.3 Subloops of a Loop -- 2.4 Branches and Vertices of a Loop -- 2.5 Paths in a Loop -- 2.6 Removal of a Branch from a Loop -- 2.7 Tree in a Network -- 2.8 Trees -- 2.9 Connected Subset of a Tree -- 2.10 Branches and Vertices of a Tree -- 2.11 Number of Vertices of a Connected Set of Branches -- 2.12 Addition of a Branch to a Tree -- 2.13 Existence of Maximal Trees -- 2.14 Cut Set in a Network -- 2.15 Existence of Cut Sets -- 2.16 Alternate Characterization of Cut Sets -- 3. Incidence Functions and Incidence Matrices -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Incidence Functions -- 3.2 Matrices and Arrays -- 3.3 Submatrices -- 3.4 Determinants -- 3.5 Incidence Matrices -- 3.6 Square Submatrices of an Incidence Matrix -- 3.7 Unimodular Matrices -- 3.8 Laplacian Expansion of a Determinant -- 3.9 Reduced Incidence Matrix of a Tree -- 3.10 Incidence Matrix of a Loop -- 4. Linear Algebra Review -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Field of Scalars -- 4.2 Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Functions -- 4.3 Linear Space of 0-Chains -- 4.4 Canonical Base of the Space of 0-Chains -- 4.5 Inner Product -- 4.6 Linear Maps -- 4.7 Transpose of a Linear Map -- 4.8 Direct Sum Decomposition -- 4.9 Dimension and Direct Sum Decomposition -- 5. Boundary Operator and Coboundary Operator -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 5.2 Chain Spaces -- 5.3 The Boundary Operator -- 5.4 Boundaries and Cycles -- 5.5 Summation Over Finite Sets -- 5.6 The Coboundary Operator -- 5.7 Coboundaries and Cocycles -- 5.8 Boundaries, Coboundaries, and Inner Products -- 5.9 Orthogonality of Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.10 Orthogonality of Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.11 Decomposition of ?(K) into Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.12 Decomposition of ? (V) into Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.13 Isomorphism of Coboundaries and Boundaries -- 5.14 Dimension of the Space of Cocycles -- 6. Axioms of Network Analysis -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 6.2 Resistive Networks -- 6.3 Currents and Voltages -- 6.4 Ohm’s Law -- 6.5 Sources -- 6.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Voltage Sources -- 6.7 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Current Sources -- 7. Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 7.2 Linearity of L and H -- 7.3 Existence and Uniqueness with Voltage Sourcess -- 7.4 Existence and Uniqueness with Current Sources -- 7.5 Current Variables -- 7.6 Voltage Variables -- 8. Kirchhoff’s Third and Fourth Laws -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 8.2 The Cycle Map -- 8.3 The Chord Map -- 8.4 The Sum of Tree Chord Products -- 8.5 The Current Chain with Voltage Sources -- 8.6 The Coboundary Map -- 8.7 The Tree Branch Map -- 8.8 The Sum of Tree Branch Products -- 8.9 The Voltage Chain with Current Sources -- 8.10 Invariance Under Change of Incidence -- References.
    Abstract: In this book we attempt to develop the fundamental results of resistive network analysis, based upon a sound mathematical structure. The axioms upon which our development is based are Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, and Kirchhoff's Current Law. In order to state these axioms precisely, and use them in the development of our network analysis, an elaborate mathematical structure is introduced, involving concepts of graph theory, linear algebra, and one dimensional algebraic topology. The graph theory and one dimensional algebraic topology used are developed from first principles; the reader needs no background in these subjects. However, we do assume that the reader has some familiarity with elementary linear algebra. It is now stylish to teach elementary linear algebra at the sophomore college level, and we feel that the require­ ment that the reader should be familiar with elementary linear algebra is no more demanding than the usual requirement in most electrical engineering texts that the reader should be familiar with calculus. In this book, however, no calculus is needed. Although no formal training in circuit theory is needed for an understanding of the book, such experience would certainly help the reader by presenting him with familiar examples relevant to the mathematical abstractions introduced. It is our intention in this book to exhibit the effect of the topological properties of the network upon the branch voltages and branch currents, the objects of interest in network analysis.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-87424-6
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  • 15
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    Passivity and Protection of Metals Against Corrosion (1967)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468417289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A Note on Soviet Alloy Designations -- I The Phenomenon of Passivity in Metals -- Definition of Passivity -- Mechanism and Theory of Passivity -- Electrochemical Methods for Investigating Passivity -- Anodic Potentiostatic Charge Curves -- Anodic Galvanostatic Charge Curves -- Cathodic Reduction Curves -- Study of Potential Drop Curves -- Measurement of the Double-Layer Capacity -- Study of the Kinetics of Electrode Processes Under the Action of Alternating Currents -- Investigation of the Nature and Structure of Passive Films. -- Optical Method -- Electron Diffraction -- Microchemical Method for Determining Film Composition -- Kinetics of the Anodic Processes -- Anodic Processes on a Passive Electrode -- Method of Plotting Potentiostatic Curves -- II Passive Systems -- Active State -- Passive-Active State -- Spontaneously Stable Passive State -- Pitting Formation -- The Transpassive State and Secondary Passivity -- Construction of Corrosion Rate-Potential Curves -- III Basic Principles for Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of Alloys by Increasing Their Passivity -- Inhibiting the Anodic Process -- Reduction of Corrosion in Passive Systems by Increasing the Effectiveness of the Cathodic Process -- IV Anodic Protection -- Anodic Protection of Stainless Steels -- Anodic Protection of Carbon Steels -- Anodic Protection of Titanium -- Practical Application of Anodic Protection -- Prospects for the Development of Anodic Protection -- V Passivation of Metals by Contact with Cathodes -- Use of Cathodic Protectors -- Cathodic Coatings -- of Cations of Electropositive Metals into the Corrosive Medium -- VI Passivation of Metals by the Introduction of Oxidizers into the Corrosion Medium -- Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Oxidizing Inhibitors -- Nature of the Oxidizing Inhibitor -- Effect of the Metal and Aggressiveness of the Medium -- References.
    Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in the past 20 years toward understanding the basic mechanisms of corrosion, and the application of this knowledge to its control. From the very beginning, educational institutions and industrial research laboratories have contributed greatly toward determining and elucidating the fundamental principles of corrosion reactions. Some of the basic principles involved in cor­ rosion of metals can be credited to early investigators. Michael Faraday in 1830-1840 studied the relationship between the quantity of a metal dissolved and the electric current which was produced by this reaction. He also proposed that the passivation of iron was through the formation of a film and that the dissolution of a metal was electro­ chemical in nature. Sir Humphrey Davy in 1824 worked out the funda­ mentals of galvanic corrosion of ships' hulls and applied sacrificial zinc anodes to protect them from sea water corrosion. Richard Arlie in 1847 demonstrated that corrosion produced by oxygen at the surface of iron in a flowing stream generated a current. With the fundamental knowledge available to him from these early investigators, Willis Rodney Whitney developed and expressed, in its most useful form, one of the basic scientific principles which provides modern corrosion specialists with a fundamental basis of corrosion control. Dr. Whitney concluded that corrosion of iron is electrochemical, and that the rate is simply a function of the electromotive force and resistance of the circuit.
    Description / Table of Contents: A Note on Soviet Alloy DesignationsI The Phenomenon of Passivity in Metals -- Definition of Passivity -- Mechanism and Theory of Passivity -- Electrochemical Methods for Investigating Passivity -- Anodic Potentiostatic Charge Curves -- Anodic Galvanostatic Charge Curves -- Cathodic Reduction Curves -- Study of Potential Drop Curves -- Measurement of the Double-Layer Capacity -- Study of the Kinetics of Electrode Processes Under the Action of Alternating Currents -- Investigation of the Nature and Structure of Passive Films. -- Optical Method -- Electron Diffraction -- Microchemical Method for Determining Film Composition -- Kinetics of the Anodic Processes -- Anodic Processes on a Passive Electrode -- Method of Plotting Potentiostatic Curves -- II Passive Systems -- Active State -- Passive-Active State -- Spontaneously Stable Passive State -- Pitting Formation -- The Transpassive State and Secondary Passivity -- Construction of Corrosion Rate-Potential Curves -- III Basic Principles for Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of Alloys by Increasing Their Passivity -- Inhibiting the Anodic Process -- Reduction of Corrosion in Passive Systems by Increasing the Effectiveness of the Cathodic Process -- IV Anodic Protection -- Anodic Protection of Stainless Steels -- Anodic Protection of Carbon Steels -- Anodic Protection of Titanium -- Practical Application of Anodic Protection -- Prospects for the Development of Anodic Protection -- V Passivation of Metals by Contact with Cathodes -- Use of Cathodic Protectors -- Cathodic Coatings -- of Cations of Electropositive Metals into the Corrosive Medium -- VI Passivation of Metals by the Introduction of Oxidizers into the Corrosion Medium -- Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Oxidizing Inhibitors -- Nature of the Oxidizing Inhibitor -- Effect of the Metal and Aggressiveness of the Medium -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1728-9
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  • 16
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    Memorial Colloquium : Logic and Foundations of Science Paris, Institut Henri Poincaré, 19-21 May 1964 (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401761239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 137 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6123-9
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  • 17
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    Safety with Cryogenic Fluids (1967)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489956842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 156 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5684-2
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  • 18
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    Approximation of Functions: Theory and Numerical Methods (1967)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642856433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Linear Approximation -- § 1. The General Linear Approximation Problem -- § 2. Dense Systems -- § 3. General Theory of Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 4. Special Tchebycheff Approximations -- § 5. Estimating the Magnitude of Error in Trigonometric and Polynomial Approximation -- § 6. Approximation by Polynomials and Related Functions -- § 7. Numerical Methods for Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- II. Non-linear Approximation -- § 8. General Theory of Non-linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 9. Rational Approximation -- § 10. Exponential Approximation -- § 11. Segment Approximation.
    Abstract: for example, the so-called Lp approximation, the Bernstein approxima­ tion problem (approximation on the real line by certain entire functions), and the highly interesting studies of J. L. WALSH on approximation in the complex plane. I would like to extend sincere thanks to Professor L. COLLATZ for his many encouragements for the writing of this book. Thanks are equally due to Springer-Verlag for their ready agreement to my wishes, and for the excellent and competent composition of the book. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. W. KRABS, Dr. A. -G. MEYER and D. SCHWEDT for their very careful reading of the manuscript. Hamburg, March 1964 GUNTER MEINARDUS Preface to the English Edition This English edition was translated by Dr. LARRY SCHUMAKER, Mathematics Research Center, United States Army, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, from a supplemented version of the German edition. Apart from a number of minor additions and corrections and a few new proofs (e. g. , the new proof of JACKSON'S Theorem), it differs in detail from the first edition by the inclusion of a discussion of new work on comparison theorems in the case of so-called regular Haar systems (§ 6) and on Segment Approximation (§ 11). I want to thank the many readers who provided comments and helpful suggestions. My special thanks are due to the translator, to Springer-Verlag for their ready compliance with all my wishes, to Mr.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-85643-3
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  • 19
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    Scientific Research II : The Search for Truth (1967)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642481383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the Foundations Methodology and Philosophy of Science 3/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science—Philosophy. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: III Applying Scientific Ideas -- 9. Explanation -- 10. Prediction -- 11. Action -- IV Testing Scientific Ideas -- 12. Observation -- 13. Measurement -- 14. Experiment -- 15. Concluding -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-48138-3
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  • 20
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    Russian-English Translators Dictionary : A Guide to Scientific and Technical Usage (1967)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468471526
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7152-6
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  • 21
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    Science and the Modern World : One of a series of lectures presented at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. on the occasion of its 175th Anniversary, October 1963 to May 1964 (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468406948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: New Developments in Our Knowledge of the Universe -- Biological Evolution and Human Equality -- Limits of Scientific Enquiry -- The Socialization of Science -- Practical Uses of Atomic Energy -- Population Trends and Population Control -- The Impact of New Materials and New Instrumentation on our Foreseeable Technology -- Design for a Brain -- The Revolution in Biology and Medicine -- Is There Life on Other Worlds.
    Abstract: During the period September 1963 to December 1964. Georgetown University commemorated the 175th anniversary of its founding by presenting a series of special lectures in the various disciplines appropriate to a university. Among the subjects covered. in separate and coherent series. were the humanities. the arts. medicine. law. and religion. One of the series. entitled as a group. "Science and Society." is represented by this book. The ten papers presented here must be looked at in context: an effort was made to present to a largely lay audi­ ence a cross section of those aspects of recent advances in science and technology that were considered to haye the most striking or inclusive effects on man's view of his world. on desirable public policy. and on man's antici­ pations as to how further advances and applications of these advances were likely to change his environment. Clearly. so ambitious an undertaking could not be carried out within the compass of ten brief lectures. Within a general structure. it was necessary to use a sampling technique. The general plan was adopted of having three lectures representative of the philosophical sector. three of the public policy structure. and three which would partake of the nature of extrapolations into v vi INTRODUCTION the future. A tenth lecture was later added which could be considered to fit equally well into the second or third of these categories.
    Description / Table of Contents: New Developments in Our Knowledge of the UniverseBiological Evolution and Human Equality -- Limits of Scientific Enquiry -- The Socialization of Science -- Practical Uses of Atomic Energy -- Population Trends and Population Control -- The Impact of New Materials and New Instrumentation on our Foreseeable Technology -- Design for a Brain -- The Revolution in Biology and Medicine -- Is There Life on Other Worlds.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0694-8
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  • 22
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    Higher Cortical Functions in Man (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468477412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. The Higher Mental Functions and Their Organization In The Brain -- 1. The Problem of Localization of Functions in the Cerebral Cortex -- 2. Modern Data on the Structural Organization of the Cerebral Cortex -- 3. Disturbances of the Higher Mental Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- II. Disturbances of the Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 1. Some Functional Investigative Problems -- 2. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Temporal Region -- 3. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Occipital and Occipitoparietal Regions -- 4. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Sensorimotor Regions -- 5. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Frontal Region -- III. Methods of investigating the Higher Cortical Functions in Local Brain Lesions (Syndrome Analysis) -- 1. Objectives of Clinicopsychological Investigation of Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 2. The Preliminary Conversation -- 3. Investigation of Motor Functions -- 4. Investigation of Acoustico-Motor Coordination -- 5. Investigation of the Higher Cutaneous and Kinesthetic Functions -- 6. Investigation of the Higher Visual Functions -- 7. Investigation of Speech Functions. Receptive Speech -- 8. Investigation of Speech Functions. Expressive Speech -- 9. Investigation of Writing and Reading -- 10. Investigation of Arithmetical Skill -- 11. Investigation of Mnestic Processes -- 12. Investigation of Intellectual Processes -- Conclusion -- Russian -- Non-Russian -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This full-length translation of Professor Luria's book introduces to the English­ speaking world a major document in neuropsychology, summarizing Professor Luria's earlier contributions to that area for nearly a third of a century. It is a monumental contribution. Nothing of this scope exists in the Western literature of this field, with the possible exception of Ajuriaguerra and Hecaen's book (in French) on the cerebral cortex. Professor Luria's book thus marks a further and decisive step toward the eventual coalescence of neurology and psychology, a goal to which only a few laboratories in the East and West have been devoted over the last decades. The book is unique in its organization. The first half deals with observations and interpretations concerning the major syndromes of man's left cerebral hemisphere: those grievous distortions of higher functions traditionally described as aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia. There is also a detailed and brilliant analysis of the syndrome of massive frontal-lobe involvement. The entire second half of the book is given over to a painstaking description of Professor Luria's tests, many of them introduced by himself, and set out in such detail that anyone could repeat them and thus verify Professor Luria's interpretations.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Higher Mental Functions and Their Organization In The Brain1. The Problem of Localization of Functions in the Cerebral Cortex -- 2. Modern Data on the Structural Organization of the Cerebral Cortex -- 3. Disturbances of the Higher Mental Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- II. Disturbances of the Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 1. Some Functional Investigative Problems -- 2. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Temporal Region -- 3. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Occipital and Occipitoparietal Regions -- 4. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Sensorimotor Regions -- 5. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Frontal Region -- III. Methods of investigating the Higher Cortical Functions in Local Brain Lesions (Syndrome Analysis) -- 1. Objectives of Clinicopsychological Investigation of Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 2. The Preliminary Conversation -- 3. Investigation of Motor Functions -- 4. Investigation of Acoustico-Motor Coordination -- 5. Investigation of the Higher Cutaneous and Kinesthetic Functions -- 6. Investigation of the Higher Visual Functions -- 7. Investigation of Speech Functions. Receptive Speech -- 8. Investigation of Speech Functions. Expressive Speech -- 9. Investigation of Writing and Reading -- 10. Investigation of Arithmetical Skill -- 11. Investigation of Mnestic Processes -- 12. Investigation of Intellectual Processes -- Conclusion -- Russian -- Non-Russian -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7741-2
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  • 23
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    Interactions of Man and His Environment : Proceedings of the Northwestern University Conference held January 28-29, 1965 (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461586067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Environmental Health: Everybody’s Business -- Man’s Relationship to His Thermal Environment -- Man’s Relationship to His Sensory Environment — Hearing and Vision -- Atmospheric Ecology I: The Confined Ambient — The Dirty Nest -- Atmospheric Ecology II: The Troubled Outdoors -- Atmospheric Ecology III: Remedial Atmospheres -- Panel Discussion I: The Environmental Spectrum — Today -- Man and His Thermal Environment -- Acoustical Aspects of the Environmental Spectrum -- Odor in Man’s Environment -- The Sensory Environmental Spectrum -- The Relationship of Man to Microbe -- Panel Discussion II: The Environmental Spectrum — Tomorrow -- Ionizing Radiation -- The Medical Environmental Spectrum -- Air Pollution Control -- The Toxic Environment -- Urban Area Environmental Spectrum -- Man and His Environment: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? -- Contributors.
    Abstract: This symposium was a joint effort, co-sponsored by Northwestern University and Borg-Warner Corporation and included representatives of the latter-day estates of univerSity, industry, and government. All of these groups were deeply interested in participating, since the problems of man and his environment, especially his urban environ­ ment, are ones which can be solved only through a cooperative effort. The symposium proceedings present a review of the present position of man and his environment and outline the physical and social-science efforts being made to solve the problems posed by man's rapidly changing environment. The format of this book is such that Dr. Luther L. Terry's speech, "Environmental Health: Every­ body's Business," serves as an introduction to the many-faceted dis­ cussions on the interactions of man and his environment. Mr. P. B. Gordon's speech "Man and His Environment - Where Are We? Where Are We Going"?" aptly summarizes this symposium and serves this purpose in this publication. Every effort was exerted to make this symposium a general dis­ cussion meeting where contributions from both the formal speakers and the audience were received. The records of two panel discussions, including comments from the floor and replies by the speakers, are included in this volume. This publication is the result of the coordinated efforts of many contributors: the speakers, Northwestern University, Borg-Warner Corporation, the Symposium Planning Committee consisting of D. W.
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Health: Everybody’s BusinessMan’s Relationship to His Thermal Environment -- Man’s Relationship to His Sensory Environment - Hearing and Vision -- Atmospheric Ecology I: The Confined Ambient - The Dirty Nest -- Atmospheric Ecology II: The Troubled Outdoors -- Atmospheric Ecology III: Remedial Atmospheres -- Panel Discussion I: The Environmental Spectrum - Today -- Man and His Thermal Environment -- Acoustical Aspects of the Environmental Spectrum -- Odor in Man’s Environment -- The Sensory Environmental Spectrum -- The Relationship of Man to Microbe -- Panel Discussion II: The Environmental Spectrum - Tomorrow -- Ionizing Radiation -- The Medical Environmental Spectrum -- Air Pollution Control -- The Toxic Environment -- Urban Area Environmental Spectrum -- Man and His Environment: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? -- Contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8606-7
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  • 24
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    Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy : Volume 2 Applications (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468478822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 350 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: of Volume 2 -- Ferrous Powder Metallurgy -- Some Aspects of the Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Mechanism of Sintering of ?-Iron -- Alpha and Gamma Phase Sintering of Carbonyl and Other Iron Powders -- Investigation of the Activated Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Use of Byproduct Steel Powder from Ball-Bearing Production in Powder Metallurgy -- The Corrosion Resistance of Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel -- Dispersion Strengthening -- Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel by Compaction and Rolling of Powder Produced by Pressure Hydrometallurgy -- On the Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation of SAP-Type Alloys -- Electron Microscopy of SAP Following Tensile Deformation or Quenching -- Damage and Diffusion in Aluminum and an Al-Al2O3 Alloy Following Bombardments with Oxygen or Inert Gas -- An Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Study of the Recovery on Annealing of Cold-Worked, Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys -- Development of Dispersion-Hardened Cobalt-Base Cutting-Tool Alloys from Atomized Powders -- Stability of Selected Submicron Refractory Dispersoids in Tungsten -- High-Temperature Materials -- A Comprehensive Investigation into a Nickel-Base Superalloy From Prealloyed Powders -- Gravity-Sintering and Low-Pressure Pressing of Tungsten Powders -- Tungsten Powder Metallurgy in the Production of Large Crucibles and Susceptors -- Studies of Tungsten Composites Containing Fibered or Reacted Additives -- Tungsten Ionizers with Controlled Porosity for Cesium-Ion Engines -- A Kinetic Study of the Densification of TiB2 at High Pressure and High Temperature -- Fiber-Reinforced, Sintered Composites.
    Description / Table of Contents: of Volume 2Ferrous Powder Metallurgy -- Some Aspects of the Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Mechanism of Sintering of ?-Iron -- Alpha and Gamma Phase Sintering of Carbonyl and Other Iron Powders -- Investigation of the Activated Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Use of Byproduct Steel Powder from Ball-Bearing Production in Powder Metallurgy -- The Corrosion Resistance of Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel -- Dispersion Strengthening -- Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel by Compaction and Rolling of Powder Produced by Pressure Hydrometallurgy -- On the Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation of SAP-Type Alloys -- Electron Microscopy of SAP Following Tensile Deformation or Quenching -- Damage and Diffusion in Aluminum and an Al-Al2O3 Alloy Following Bombardments with Oxygen or Inert Gas -- An Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Study of the Recovery on Annealing of Cold-Worked, Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys -- Development of Dispersion-Hardened Cobalt-Base Cutting-Tool Alloys from Atomized Powders -- Stability of Selected Submicron Refractory Dispersoids in Tungsten -- High-Temperature Materials -- A Comprehensive Investigation into a Nickel-Base Superalloy From Prealloyed Powders -- Gravity-Sintering and Low-Pressure Pressing of Tungsten Powders -- Tungsten Powder Metallurgy in the Production of Large Crucibles and Susceptors -- Studies of Tungsten Composites Containing Fibered or Reacted Additives -- Tungsten Ionizers with Controlled Porosity for Cesium-Ion Engines -- A Kinetic Study of the Densification of TiB2 at High Pressure and High Temperature -- Fiber-Reinforced, Sintered Composites.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7882-2
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  • 25
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    The Pattern of Animal Communities (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400958722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- 1 Patterns in Nature -- 2 Ecological Survey -- 3 Wytham Hill -- 4 The Classification of Habitats -- 5 Recording Communities: The Wytham Ecological Survey -- 6 Open Ground and Meadow -- 7 Heath, Mountain and Croplands -- 8 The Terrestrial Maritime Zone -- 9 Scrub and Hedgerow -- 10 The Forest Canopy: Herbivores -- 11 Hunters in the Forest Canopy -- 12 The Ground-Plan of Woodland -- 13 Natural Fuel Stations: Concourses on Flowers and Fruits -- 14 Dying and Dead Wood -- 15 Bracket Fungi and Toadstools -- 16 Carrion, Dung and Nests -- 17 Woods and Water Bodies -- 18 Dispersal and Invaders -- 19 The Whole Pattern -- References -- Notes.
    Abstract: THE ECOLOGICAL SURVEY on which this book is based began to be planned in 1942, and since 1945 has been mainly centred upon Oxford University's estate at Wytham Woods, where a rich series of habitats from open ground and limestone to woodland with many springs and marshes interspersed occupies a hill set in riverine surroundings. Here biological research workers from the University have accumulated a considerable body of knowledge, some of which I have arranged in a general setting that allows one to comprehend some of the inter-related parts of the whole system. It is also intended to provide a framework for understanding animal communities elsewhere. The ecological inquirer is, more than most scien­ tific people, apt to fmd himself lost in a large labyrinth of interrelations and variables. The dictionary defmes a labyrinth as 'an intricate structure of inter­ communicating passages, through which it is difficult to fmd one's way without a clue'. This could equally be a figurative description of plant and animal communi­ ties. The present book seeks to provide a plan of construction of the labyrinth and a few new clues that may help the inquirer to know where he is on the gene­ ral ecological map. In presenting this blue-print of animal communities I have avoided giving long lists of species such as the botanist, with his smaller kingdom, can handle fairly well.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1 Patterns in Nature -- 2 Ecological Survey -- 3 Wytham Hill -- 4 The Classification of Habitats -- 5 Recording Communities: The Wytham Ecological Survey -- 6 Open Ground and Meadow -- 7 Heath, Mountain and Croplands -- 8 The Terrestrial Maritime Zone -- 9 Scrub and Hedgerow -- 10 The Forest Canopy: Herbivores -- 11 Hunters in the Forest Canopy -- 12 The Ground-Plan of Woodland -- 13 Natural Fuel Stations: Concourses on Flowers and Fruits -- 14 Dying and Dead Wood -- 15 Bracket Fungi and Toadstools -- 16 Carrion, Dung and Nests -- 17 Woods and Water Bodies -- 18 Dispersal and Invaders -- 19 The Whole Pattern -- References -- Notes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5872-2
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  • 26
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    Contributions to Functional Analysis (1966)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642859977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 533 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Functional analysis. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Time Dependent Evolution Equations in a Locally Convex Space -- On a Map from a Function Space to a Hyperspace -- Invariant Metrics -- Über den Index abgeschlossener Operatoren in Banachräumen. II. -- Complementary Inequalities. III: Inequalities Complementary to Schwarz’s Inequality in Hilbert Space -- Von Klassen konvexer Körper erzeugte Hilberträume -- Kommutative symmetrische Operatorenalgebren in Pontryaginschen Räumen ?k -- Invariante positiv definite Klassenfunktionen und ergodische Maße -- Integration und holomorphe Funktionen in lokalbeschränkten Räumen -- Eine Mandelbrojtsche Formel zur Bestimmung von Punkten aus dem Spektrum eines beschränkten Operators -- Quasi-interior Points and the Extension of Linear Functionals -- Eindeutige Hahn-Banach-Erweiterungen -- Équations Hyperboliques Non-Strictes: Contre-Exemples, du Type de Giorgi, aux Théorèmes d’Existence et d’Unicité -- Ratios of Laplace Transforms, Mikusi?ski Operational Calculus -- Heredity of Tensor Products of Topological Algebras -- Wave Operators and Similarity for Some Non-selfadjoint Operators -- Nonlinear Operators in Banach Spaces -- Über die Einbettung der nuklearen Räume in (8)?. -- Über das Randspektrum positiver Operatoren -- A Spectral Theory for Certain Operators on a Direct Sum of Hilbert Spaces -- Variations on a Theme by Mikhlin -- Some Examples of Normed Köthe Spaces -- On a Generalization of the Köthe Coordinated Spaces -- A Representation Theorem for Positive Functionals on Involution Algebras.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-85997-7
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  • 27
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    Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences : Volume 3: Surface Phenomena, Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences Held January 25-26, 1965, at Boston, Mass (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468487060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Some Aspects of Classical Surface Thermodynamics -- Modern Theory of Fluid Surface Tension -- Nucleation in Homogeneous Vapors -- Nucleation Processes in Deposition onto Substrates -- Nucleation and Condensation in Polymer Systems -- Panel Discussion: Session I -- Surface Self-Diffusion at High Temperatures -- Self-Diffusion on Nearly Pure Metallic Surfaces -- Defects Near Ionic Crystal Surfaces -- Effect of Surfaces on Mechanical Behavior of Metals -- Ultrafine Particles in the Gas Phase -- Panel Discussion: Session II.
    Abstract: This volume explores in detail the four interrelated branches of the study of surface phenomena-surface thermodynamics, nucleation, diffusion, and fine-particles technology-providing an unusual and comprehensive body of knowledge that will be of interest and practical value to both materials researchers and practising engineers. The growing awareness-since the advent of the space age-among solid-state physicists, metallurgists, ceramists, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers of the need for a broad interdisciplinary under­ standing of the fundamental phenomena common to all matedals has led in recent years to the development of a new field of scientific investigation, Materials Science. To help promote interest in and con­ tributions to this new technology, annual symposia on "Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences" have been organized by the Ilikon Corporation. The first symposium, reported in Volume 1 of this series, was held in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 1 and 2, 1963; sintering and plastic deformation were the main topics of discussion. The second meeting, also held in Boston, on January 27 and 28, 1964, was exclusively concerned with the general interdisciplinary problems related to surface phenomena, that is, all of those physical and chemical areas that are pertinent to the surface of a solid, or to the interface between a solid and a gas, a solid and a liquid, or a solid and a solid.
    Description / Table of Contents: Some Aspects of Classical Surface ThermodynamicsModern Theory of Fluid Surface Tension -- Nucleation in Homogeneous Vapors -- Nucleation Processes in Deposition onto Substrates -- Nucleation and Condensation in Polymer Systems -- Panel Discussion: Session I -- Surface Self-Diffusion at High Temperatures -- Self-Diffusion on Nearly Pure Metallic Surfaces -- Defects Near Ionic Crystal Surfaces -- Effect of Surfaces on Mechanical Behavior of Metals -- Ultrafine Particles in the Gas Phase -- Panel Discussion: Session II.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8706-0
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  • 28
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    Optimum Design using Linear Programming (1966)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034869805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6980-5
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  • 29
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    Viscometric Flows of Non-Newtonian Fluids : Theory and Experiment (1966)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642886553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes -- 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph -- II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 4. Kinematics -- 5. The Dynamical Equations -- 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity -- 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid -- 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids -- III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows -- 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow -- 10. The Viscometric Functions -- 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity -- 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow -- 13. Curvilineal Flows -- IV. Special Viscometric Flows -- 14. Flow through a Channel -- 15. General Properties of Helical Flows -- 16. Flows between Concentric Cylinders -- 17. Couette Flow -- 18. Flow between Stationary Concentric Cylinders -- 19. Poiseuille Flow -- 20. Normal Stress Effects at Free Boundaries -- 21. Cone and Plate Flow -- 22. Torsional Flow -- V. Experimental Methods and Results -- 23. General Considerations -- 24. Simple Shearing Flow -- 25. Couette Flow -- 26. Other Flows between Coaxial Cylinders -- 27. Poiseuille Flow -- 28. Cone and Plate Flow -- 29. Torsional Flow -- VI. Historical Remarks -- 30. History of the Development of the Theory -- 31. History of Experiments -- A. Appendix on Mathematical Concepts -- A 1. Vectors -- A 2. Bases, Linear Forms -- A 3. Points, Euclidean Space -- A 4. Tensors -- A 5. Multiplication of Tensors -- A 6. Transposition; Symmetric, Skew, and Orthogonal Tensors -- A 7. Traces and Determinants -- A 8. Point, Vector, and Tensor Functions -- A 9. Deformations, Gradients -- A 10. Coordinates -- A 11. Special Coordinate Systems -- References.
    Abstract: We here attempt to give a complete but concise treatment of the theory of steady viscometric flows of simple (non-Newtonian) fluids and to use that theory to discuss the design and interpretation of ex­ periments. We are able to present the theory with less mathematical machinery than was used in our original papers, partly because this Tract has more limited aims than those papers, and partly because we employ a method, found by Noll and published here for the first time, for dealing with visco metric flows without the apparatus of rela­ tive Cauchy-Green tensors and reduced constitutive equations. To make the theory accessible to students not familiar with modern mathematics, we have added to our Tract an appendix explaining some of the mathe­ matical concepts essential to continuum physics. Pittsburgh, July 1965 BERNARD D. COLEMAN HERSHEL MARKOVITZ WALTER NOLL CONTENTS I. Introduction page 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes. 1 5 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph . . . . . . . . . 7 II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids 4. Kinematics. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. The Dynamical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity . . . . . . 14 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid . 17 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids . . . . . . . . 19 III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow 21 10. The Viscometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . 22 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity 26 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow 29 13. Curvilineal Flows. . . . . . . . 30 1. Kinematical Description . . . .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-88655-3
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  • 30
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    Transistor Physics (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401099165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Modern Electrical Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Classical atomic, theory and interatomic binding -- 2 Quantum mechanics and band theory -- 3 Statistical mechanics -- 4 Semiconductors in thermodynamic equilibrium -- 5 Current flow in semiconductors -- 6 Semiconductors in non-equilibrium conditions -- 7 Current flow across semiconductor junctions -- 8 Minority carrier transistors -- 9 Space-charge-limited currents in semiconductors and insulators Majority carrier transistors -- Appendices -- II Common-emitter characteristics -- III The transistor as a charge controlled device. Circuit problems.
    Abstract: This book is intended as an introduction to the application of physical theory to the study of semiconductors and transistor devices. The book is based on lecture courses given by the authors to second and third year honours students in the Electronics Department of Southampton University, England. Some elementary knowledge of physics, circuit theory, and vector methods is assumed. The book deals almost exc1u­ sively with the theoretical aspects, but references are given to experi­ mental work. The first two chapters discuss c1assical atomic theory and quantum mechanical applications to electron energy levels in atoms, in particular the hydrogen atom, and in one-dimensional crystalline solids leading to the distinctions between metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Chapter 3 deals with statistical mechanics in some detail, so that the reader can appreciate the historical background leading to the Fermi­ Dirac statistics for electrons in metals and semiconductors, and in chapter 4 these statistics are applied to determine the current carrier density in various types of semiconductor. Equations for drift and diffusion currents are obtained in chapter 5, and the results applied to uiliform and graded impurity semiconductors in chapter 6. Current flow across p-n junctions is analysed in chapter 7, and the p-n-p transistor theory is developed in chapter 8. The discussion is limited to p-n-p transistors, but similar results apply for the n-p-n transistor.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9916-5
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  • 31
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    Specific Heats at Low Temperatures (1966)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468490817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Elementary Concepts of Specific Heats -- 1.1. Definitions -- 1.2. Thermodynamics of Simple Systems -- 1.3. Difference Between Cp and Cv -- 1.4. Variation of Specific Heats with Temperature and Pressure -- 1.5. Statistical Calculation of Specific Heats -- 1.6. Different Modes of Thermal Energy -- 1.7. Calorimetry -- 2 Lattice Heat Capacity -- 2.1. Dulong and Petit’s Law -- 2.2. Equipartition Law -- 2.3. Quantum Theory of Specific Heats -- 2.4. Einstein’s Model -- 2.5. Debye’s Model -- 2.6. Comparison of Debye’s Theory with Experiments -- 2.7. Shortcomings of the Debye Model -- 2.8. The Born-Von Kármán Model -- 2.9. Calculation of g(v) -- 2.10. Comparison of Lattice Theory with Experiments -- 2.11. Debye ? in Other Properties of Solids -- 3 Electronic Specific Heat -- 3.1. Specific Heat of Metals -- 3.2. Quantum Statistics of an Electron Gas -- 3.3. Specific Heat of Electrons in Metals -- 3.4. Electronic Specific Heat at Low Temperatures -- 3.5. Specific Heat and Band Structure of Metals -- 3.6. Specific Heat of Alloys -- 3.7. Specific Heat of Semiconductors -- 3.8. Phenomenon of Superconductivity -- 3.9. Specific Heat of Superconductors -- 3.10. Recent Studies -- 4 Magnetic Contribution to Specific Heats -- 4.1. Thermodynamics of Magnetic Materials -- 4.2. Types of Magnetic Behavior -- 4.3. Spin Waves—Magnons -- 4.4. Spin Wave Specific Heats -- 4.5. The Weiss Model for Magnetic Ordering -- 4.6. The Heisenberg and Ising Models -- 4.7. Specific Heats Near the Transition Temperature -- 4.8. Paramagnetic Relaxation -- 4.9. Schottky Effect -- 4.10. Specific Heat of Paramagnetic Salts -- 4.11. Nuclear Schottky Effects -- 5 Heat Capacity of Liquids -- 5.1. Nature of the Liquid State -- 5.2. Specific Heat of Ordinary Liquids and Liquid Mixtures -- 5.3. Liquid 4He at Low Temperatures -- 5.4. Phonon and Roton Specific Heats -- 5.5. Transition in Liquid 4He -- 5.6. Specific Heat of Liquid 3He -- 5.7. Liquid 3He as a Fermi Liquid -- 5.8. Mixtures of 4He and 3He -- 5.9. Supercooled Liquids—Glasses -- 6 Specific Heats of Gases -- 6.1. Cp and Cv of a Gas -- 6.2. Classical Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.3. Quantum Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.4. Rotational Partition Function -- 6.5. Homonuclear Molecules—Isotopes of Hydrogen -- 6.6. Vibrational and Electronic Specific Heats -- 6.7. Calorimetric and Statistical Entropies—Disorder in Solid State -- 6.8. Hindered Rotation -- 6.9. Entropy of Hydrogen -- 7 Specific-Heat Anomalies -- 7.1. Spurious and Genuine Anomalies -- 7.2. Cooperative and Noncooperative Anomalies -- 7.3. Order-Disorder Transitions -- 7.4. Onset of Molecular Rotation -- 7.5. Ferroelectricity -- 7.6. Transitions in Rare-Earth Metals -- 7.7. Liquid-Gas Critical Points -- 7.8. Models of Cooperative Transitions -- 8 Miscellaneous Problems in Specific Heats -- 8.1. Specific Heat Near Phase Transitions -- 8.2. Specific Heat at Saturated Vapor Pressure -- 8.3. Relaxation of Rotational and Vibrational Specific Heats -- 8.4. Defects in Solids -- 8.5. Surface Effects -- 8.6. Compilations of Specific-Heat Data -- 8.7. Tabulations of Specific-Heat Functions -- Appendix (Six-Figure Tables of Einstein and Debye Internal-Energy and Specific-Heat Functions) -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This work was begun quite some time ago at the University of Oxford during the tenure of an Overseas Scholarship of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and was completed at Banga­ lore when the author was being supported by a maintenance allowance from the CSIR Pool for unemployed scientists. It is hoped that significant developments taking place as late as the beginning of 1965 have been incorporated. The initial impetus and inspiration for the work came from Dr. K. Mendelssohn. To him and to Drs. R. W. Hill and N. E. Phillips, who went through the whole of the text, the author is obliged in more ways than one. For permission to use figures and other materials, grateful thanks are tendered to the concerned workers and institutions. The author is not so sanguine as to imagine that all technical and literary flaws have been weeded out. If others come across them, they may be charitably brought to the author's notice as proof that physics has become too vast to be comprehended by a single onlooker. E. S. RAJA GoPAL Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 12, India November 1965 v Contents Introduction ................................................................. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9081-7
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  • 32
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    Multiple Integrals (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 107 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Line Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about curves -- 2. Definition of a curvilinear integral -- 3. Area -- Exercises -- 2. Double Integrals -- 1. Definition of a double integral -- 2. Double integrals over a rectangle -- 3. Double integrals over normal regions -- 4. Green’s Theorem in two dimensions -- 5. Change of variables -- 6. Transformation of double integrals -- 7. Improper integrals -- 8. Volumes -- Exercises -- 3. Surface Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about surfaces -- 2. The area of surface -- 3. Surface integrals -- Exercises -- 4. Volume Integrals -- 1. Definition of a volume integral -- 2. Reduction to repeated integral -- 3. Gauss’s Theorem (divergence theorem) -- 4. Change of variables -- 5. Stokes’s Theorem -- Exercises -- Solutions to Exercises.
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to give an elementary treatment of multiple integrals. The notions of integrals extended over a curve, a plane region, a surface and a solid are introduced in tum, and methods for evaluating these integrals are presented in detail. Especial reference is made to the results required in Physics and other mathematical sciences, in which multiple integrals are an indispensable tool. A full theoretical discussion of this topic would involve deep problems of analysis and topology, which are outside the scope of this volume, and concessions had to be made in respect of completeness without, it is hoped, impairing precision and a reasonable standard of rigour. As in the author's Integral Calculus (in this series), the main existence theorems are first explained informally and then stated exactly, but not proved. Topological difficulties are circumvented by imposing some­ what stringent, though no unrealistic, restrictions on the regions of integration. Numerous examples are worked out in the text, and each chapter is followed by a set of exercises. My thanks are due to my colleague Dr. S. Swierczkowski, who read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. w. LEDERMANN The University of Sussex, Brighton.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6091-9
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  • 33
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    Stochastic Process: Problems and Solutions (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Methuen’s Monographs on Applied Probability and Statistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Markov Chains -- 1: Definition -- 2: Transition and absolute probabilities -- 3: Determination of the higher transition probabilities -- 4: Classification of states -- 5: The limit of the higher transition probabilities -- 6: Classification of Markov chains -- 7: The limiting distributions of irreducible Markov chains -- Problems -- 8: Markov chains with continuous state space -- Problems -- 9: Stationary stochastic sequences -- Problems -- 2 Markov Processes -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Definition -- 3: Poisson process -- 4: Markov process with a finite or denumerably infinite number of states -- 5: Markov process with continuous transition -- 6: Mixed Markov processes -- Problems -- 3 Non-Markovian Processes -- 1: Recurrent processes -- 2: Stationary stochastic processes -- 3: Secondary stochastic processes generated by a stochastic process -- Problems -- 4 Solutions of Problems -- 1: Markov chains -- 2: Markov processes -- 3: Non-Markovian processes -- References.
    Abstract: It is not so very long ago that up-to-date text-books on statistics were almost non-existent. In the last few decades this deficiency has largely been remedied, but in order to cope with a broad and rapidly expanding subject many of these books have been fairly big and expensive. The success of Methuen's existing series of monographs, in physics or in biology, for example, stresses the value of short inexpensive treatments to which a student can turn for an introduc­ tion to, or a revision of, specialised topics. In this new Methuen series the still-growing importance of prob­ ability theory in its applied aspects has been recognised by coupling together Probability and Statistics; and included in the series are some of the newer applications of probability theory to stochastic models in various fields, storage and service problems, 'Monte Carlo' techniques, etc. , as well as monographs on particular statistical topics. M. S. BARTLETT ix AUTHOR'S PREFACE The theory of stochastic processes has developed in the last three decades. Its field of application is constantly expanding and at present it is being applied in nearly every branch of science. So far several books have been written on the mathematical theory of stochastic processes. The nature of this book is different because it is primarily a collection of problems and their solutions, and is intended for readers who are already familiar with probability theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6020-9
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  • 34
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    Ergonomics : Man in His Working Environment (1965)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400958784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: one: The Elements of Ergonomic Practice -- 1. The Physical Basis of Man’s Perception of His Environment -- The Human Body -- 2. I. Bones, Joints and Muscles -- 3. II. Metabolism and Heat Regulation -- 4. III. Body Size, Limits of Movement and Functioning of Limbs -- 5. IV. The Nervous System -- 6. Man as a System Component -- two: Practical Ergonomics -- Design Factors -- 7. I. Layout of Equipment -- 8. II. Design of Seating -- 9. III. Design of Instrumental Displays -- 10. IV. Compatibility -- 11. V. Design Characteristics of Controls -- Environmental Factors -- 12. I. Environmental Temperature and Humidity -- 13. II. Noise -- 14. III. The Visual Environment -- 15. IV. Vibration -- Organizational Factors -- 16. I. Methods of Investigating Work -- 17. II. The Organization of Work -- 18. III. Inspection -- 19. IV. Shift Work -- 20. V. Age -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Until quite recently conditions in industry were often rough. Long hours were worked in insanitary and murky workshops, often with little regard to the effects upon the workpeople who were considered to be expendable. Now, however, these adverse conditions have been recognized and so remedied that there remains little in industrial conditions to disturb the public conscience. This does not mean that conditions of work in office or factory are perfect. The obvious and dramatic abuses of the human frame may have gone, but in their place have arisen stresses and strains which, taking effect only in the long term, are generally undramatic and often unrecognized. They exist none the less. No organized effort to study the effect of working conditions on man's performance was made until the end of World War I, when the Industrial Fatigue Research Board was set up. For the first time, men trained in the human sciences entered industry to study men at work. They made con­ tributions which set a new standard of scientific investigation into human performance and allowed executive action on the basis of evidence rather than of hunch. The Board's work differed from the contribution of Gilbreth in America in that the principles of Motion Study which he developed were, to a large extent, based on intelligent observation rather than controlled experiment. During the 1920S the National Institute of Industrial Psychology was founded and there was close collaboration between it and the I.F.R.B.
    Description / Table of Contents: one: The Elements of Ergonomic Practice1. The Physical Basis of Man’s Perception of His Environment -- The Human Body -- 2. I. Bones, Joints and Muscles -- 3. II. Metabolism and Heat Regulation -- 4. III. Body Size, Limits of Movement and Functioning of Limbs -- 5. IV. The Nervous System -- 6. Man as a System Component -- two: Practical Ergonomics -- Design Factors -- 7. I. Layout of Equipment -- 8. II. Design of Seating -- 9. III. Design of Instrumental Displays -- 10. IV. Compatibility -- 11. V. Design Characteristics of Controls -- Environmental Factors -- 12. I. Environmental Temperature and Humidity -- 13. II. Noise -- 14. III. The Visual Environment -- 15. IV. Vibration -- Organizational Factors -- 16. I. Methods of Investigating Work -- 17. II. The Organization of Work -- 18. III. Inspection -- 19. IV. Shift Work -- 20. V. Age -- References -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5878-4
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Electrical Resistance of Metals (1965)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489957177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5717-7
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  • 36
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    Studies in Non-Linear Stability Theory (1965)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642883170
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The notion of stability -- 1.2 The nature of non-linear stability problems -- 1.3 Formal approach to stability theory -- 2. A Class of Problems in One-Dimensional Space -- 2.1 Preliminary remarks -- 2.2 Formulation -- 2.3 Behaviour and properties of the linearized solutions -- 2.4 Series expansion in the case of self-adjoint operators -- 2.5 Series expansion in the case of not self-adjoint operators -- 2.6 Interpretation of the series expansion in terms of the Green’s function -- 2.7 The system of equations for the amplitude-functions -- 3. Behaviour of Solutions -- 3.1 Formal simplification of the system of equations -- 3.2 Stable and unstable stationary solutions -- 3.3 Effects of interactions. Forced solutions -- 3.4 Analysis of forced solutions -- 3.5 Instability to finite size perturbations -- 3.6 Other types of behaviour -- 4. Asymptotic Methods for Problems in One-Dimensional Space 2S -- 4.1 General outline -- 4.2 Weak stability or instability: the case aij(n) = 0 -- 4.3 Weak stability or instability: the case a0 0(0) = 0 -- 4.4 Weak stability and instability: the case a0 0(0) ? 0 -- 4.5 Method of approximation for the case of simple developed instability -- 4.6 Behaviour of solutions as functions of time -- 5. Analysis of Some One-Dimensional Problems -- 5.1 Introductory remarks -- 5.2 Burgers’ mathematical model of turbulence -- 5.3 Modification of Burgers’ model. The problem of stability -- 5.4 Asymptotic expansions in Burgers’ model -- 5.5 Another simple mathematical model -- 6. A Class of Problems in Two-Dimensional Space -- 6.1 Introductory remarks -- 6.2 Formulation -- 6.3 The problem of stability. Linearized theory -- 6.4 Fourier-analysis of the non-linear stability problem -- 6.5 Orthogonality relations -- 6.6 Initial conditions -- 7. Asymptotic Theory of Periodic Solutions -- 7.1 Basic equations and transformations -- 7.2 Forced solutions for the components ?m,m ? 1 -- 7.3 Analysis of the component ?1 -- 7.4 Further analysis of the forced solutions for ?m, m ? 1 -- 7.5 The equations of the asymptotic approximation -- 7.6 Harmonic solutions -- 7.7 A simple example -- 8. Stability of Periodic Solutions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Formulation of the stability problem -- 8.3 Analysis of small parameters -- 8.4 Perturbations in the region ?0(k) = 0 (1) -- 8.5 Perturbations in the region ?0(k) = 0 (?2) -- 8.6 Reduction of the system of equations -- 8.7 Forced solutions for ?? ? and $$ {\psi _{2{k_0}}} \pm \varepsilon \sigma $$ -- 8.8 The equations for A0(k,) and A0(k,,) -- 8.9 Solution of the stability problem for k0 = kcr -- 8.10 Regions of validity of the asymptotic results -- 8.11 Stability of periodic solutions in the case k0 ? kcr -- 8.12 Summary and interpretation of results -- 9. Periodic Solutions in Poiseuille Flow -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Formulation of the stability problem -- 9.3 Linearized stability theory -- 9.4 The adjoint linearized problem -- 9.5 Periodic solutions -- 9.6 Discussion of the results.
    Abstract: Non-linear stability problems formulated in terms of non-linear partial differential equations have only recently begun to attract attention and it will probably take some time before our understanding of those problems reaches some degree of maturity. The passage from the more classical linear analysis to a non-linear analysis increases the mathematical complexity of the stability theory to a point where it may become discouraging, while some of the more usual mathematical methods lose their applicability. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years, notably in the field of fluid mechanics, much still remains to be done before a more permanent outline of the subject can be established. I have not tried to present in this monograph an account of what has been accomplished, since the rapidly changing features of the field make the periodical literature a more appropriate place for such a review. The aim of this book is to present one particular line of research, originally developed in a series of papers published in 'Journal de Mecanique' 1962-1963, in which I attempted to construct a mathematical theory for certain classes of non-linear stability problems, and to gain some understanding of the non-linear phenomena which are involved. The opportunity to collect the material in this volume has permitted a more coherent presentation, while various points of the analysis have been developed in greater detaiL I hope that a more unified form of the theory has thus been achieved.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-88317-0
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  • 37
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    Speech Analysis Synthesis and Perception (1965)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783662008492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 317 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Kommunikation und Kybernetik in Einzeldarstellungen 3
    Series Statement: Communication and Cybernetics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Voice Communication -- 1.1. The Advent of Telephony -- 1.2. Efficient Transmission of Speech -- 1.3. Capacity of the Human Channel -- 1.4. Analysis-Synthesis Telephony: An Approach to Improved Efficiency -- II. The Mechanism of Speech Production -- 2.1. Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus -- 2.2. The Sounds of Speech -- 2.3. Quantitative Description of Speech -- III. Acoustical Properties of the Vocal System -- 3.1. The Vocal Tract as an Acoustic System -- 3.2. Equivalent Circuit for the Lossy Cylindrical Pipe -- 3.3. The Radiation Load at the Mouth and Nostrils -- 3.4. Spreading of Sound About the Head -- 3.5. The Source for Voiced Sounds -- 3.6. The Source for Noise and Transient Excitation of the Tract. -- 3.7. Some Characteristics of Vocal Tract Transmission -- 3.8. Fundamentals of Speech and Hearing in Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- IV. The Ear and Hearing -- 4.1. Mechanism of the Ear -- 4.2. Computational Models for Ear Operation -- 4.3. Illustrative Relations Between Subjective and Physiological Behavior -- V. Techniques for Speech Analysis -- 5.1. Spectral Analysis of Speech -- 5.2. Formant Analysis of Speech -- 5.3. Analysis of Voice Pitch -- 5.4. Articulatory Analysis of the Vocal Mechanism -- 5.5. Automatic Recognition of Speech -- 5.6. Automatic Speaker Recognition -- VI. Speech Synthesis -- 6.1. Mechanical Speaking Machines; Historical Efforts -- 6.2. Electrical Methods for Speech Synthesis -- VII. Perception of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds -- 7.1. Differential vs Absolute Discrimination -- 7.2. Differential Discriminations Along Signal Dimensions Related to Speech -- 7.3. Absolute Discrimination of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds.. -- 7.4. Effects of Context and Vocabulary Upon Speech Perception -- 7.5. The Perceptual Units of Speech -- 7.6. Articulation Tests for Transmission System Evaluation -- 7.7. Calculating Intelligibility Scores from System Response and Noise Level: The Articulation Index -- 7.8. Supplementary Sensory Channels for Speech Perception -- VIII. Systems for Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- 8.1. Channel Vocoders -- 8.2. Reduced Redundancy Channel Vocoders -- 8.3. Voice-Excited Vocoders -- 8.4. Correlation Vocoders -- 8.5. Formant Vocoders -- 8.6. Articulatory Vocoders -- 8.7. Other Methods for Bandwidth Reduction -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book has its origin in a letter. In November of 1959, the late Prof. Dr. WERNER MEYER-EpPLER wrote to me, asking if I would contribute to a series he was planning on Communication. His book " Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Informationstheorie" was to serve as the initial volume of the series. After protracted consideration, I agreed to undertake the job provided it could be done outside my regular duties at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Shortly afterwards, I received additional responsibilities in my research organization, and felt that I could not conveniently pursue the manuscript. Consequently, except for the preparation of a detailed outline, the writing was delayed for about a year and a half. In the interim, Professor MEYER-EpPLER suffered a fatal illness, and Professors H. WOLTER and W. D. KEIDEL assumed the editorial re­ sponsibilities for the book series. The main body of this material was therefore written as a leisurc­ time project in the years 1962 and 1963. The complete draft of the manuscript was duplicated and circulated to colleagues in three parts during 1963. Valuable comments and criticisms were obtained, revisions made, and the manuscript submitted to the publisher in March of 1964. The mechanics of printing have filled the remaining time. If the reader finds merit in the work, it will be owing in great measure to the people with whom I have had the good fortune to be associated.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-00849-2
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