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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (189)
  • 1975-1979  (189)
  • Social sciences.  (163)
  • USA
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cary, NC : Oxford University Press | Baltimore, Md. | Berkeley, Calif. : ASCL | Ann Arbor, Mich. : ASCL | Washington, DC : American Society of Comparative Law ; 1.1952 -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0002-919X , 2326-9197 , 2326-9197
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1952 -
    Additional Information: 42,Suppl.=14 von International Academy of Comparative Law US National reports to the ... congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law Berkeley, Calif. : Univ., 1994
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The American journal of comparative law
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rechtswissenschaft ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Recht ; Geschichte
    Note: Repr.: South Hackensack, NJ : Rothman , Ungezählte Beil.: Supplement , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: American Association for the Comparative Study of Law
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Pr. ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 0084-9278
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Soziales System ; Religion ; Soziales System ; Moral ; Religionssoziologie ; USA ; Zivilreligion
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Pr. ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 0084-9278
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Soziales System ; Religion ; Soziales System ; Moral ; Religionssoziologie ; USA ; Zivilreligion
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Westport, Conn. [u.a.] : Greenwood Pr. ; Nr. 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0147-1074
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1978 -
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Recht ; USA ; Recht ; Geschichte 1850-1912 ; Recht
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    New Haven, Conn. [u.a.] : Yale Univ. Press | London : Duckworth | Manchester : Manchester University Press ; 1911 - 1992 nachgewiesen; 2012-
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1911 - 1992 nachgewiesen; 2012-
    Former Title: Storr lectures
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Rechtswissenschaft ; Naturrecht ; Recht ; Geschichte ; USA ; Amerika ; Dickens, Charles 1812-1870
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press ; 1.1895/96 -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0002-9602 , 1537-5390 , 1537-5390
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1895/96 -
    Additional Information: Index Cumulative index of sociology journals Washington, DC : Assoc., 1987
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The American journal of sociology
    DDC: 050
    RVK:
    Keywords: USA ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Soziologie
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals, 1996-1997 , Ersch. 6x jährl. , Index 1/70.1895/1965(1966)
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Chicago, Ill. [u.a.] : Univ. of Chicago Press ; 1.1979 -
    ISSN: 0192-3234 , 2153-0416 , 2153-0416
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979 -
    Series Statement: Teils: A Phoenix book
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Crime and justice
    Former Title: an annual review of research
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; USA ; Jugendkriminalität ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Index 1/10.1979/88 in : 10.1988; Index 1/41.1979/2012 in : 41.2012
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Frankfurt, M. : PL Acad. Research | Frankfurt, M. : Lang | Bern [u.a.] : Lang [u.a.] ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0721-3654
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 131=1987 von Proudhon-Bibliographie Frankfurt, M. [u.a.] : Lang, 1989
    Former Title: Pubblicazioni universitarie europee
    Former Title: European university papers
    Former Title: Politikwissenschaft
    Former Title: Politikwissenschaften
    Former Title: Political science
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei / Auslands-Organisation / Landesgruppe USA ; Monografische Reihe ; Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Auslands-Organisation ; Landesgruppe USA ; USA ; Deutsche ; USA ; Nationalsozialismus ; Deutsche ; New York, NY ; Presse ; Nationalsozialismus ; Deutsche ; Geschichte 1933-1941 ; New York, NY ; Presse ; Deutsch ; Nationalsozialismus ; Geschichte 1933-1941
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Frankfurt, M. : PL Acad. Research | Frankfurt, M. : Lang | Bern [u.a.] : Lang [u.a.] ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0721-3654
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 131=1987 von Proudhon-Bibliographie Frankfurt, M. [u.a.] : Lang, 1989
    Former Title: Pubblicazioni universitarie europee
    Former Title: European university papers
    Former Title: Politikwissenschaft
    Former Title: Politikwissenschaften
    Former Title: Political science
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei / Auslands-Organisation / Landesgruppe USA ; Monografische Reihe ; Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Auslands-Organisation ; Landesgruppe USA ; USA ; Deutsche ; USA ; Nationalsozialismus ; Deutsche ; New York, NY ; Presse ; Nationalsozialismus ; Deutsche ; Geschichte 1933-1941 ; New York, NY ; Presse ; Deutsch ; Nationalsozialismus ; Geschichte 1933-1941
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  • 10
    Microfilm
    Microfilm
    Neuilly-sur-Seine : International Herald Tribune | Paris ; 80.1967,22.Mai - 2013,14.Okt. = Nr. 26236 - 40618
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0294-8052
    Language: English
    Edition: Ann Arbor, Mich. UMI Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI
    Dates of Publication: 80.1967,22.Mai - 2013,14.Okt. = Nr. 26236 - 40618
    Additional Information: Beil. International herald tribune style magazine
    Additional Information: Beil. Kathimerini
    Additional Information: Beil. Frankfurter Allgemeine / English edition
    Additional Information: Beil. International herald tribune magazine
    Additional Information: In Beziehung stehendes Werk The New York times New York, NY : The New York Times Corp., 1857 0362-4331
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International herald tribune
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion International herald tribune historical archive
    Former Title: Vorg. New York herald tribune / European edition
    Former Title: Vorg. New York times / International edition
    Former Title: IHT
    Former Title: the world's daily newspaper
    Subsequent Title: Forts. International New York times / Europe
    Subsequent Title: Forts. Forts. ---〉 International New York times / Asia
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitung ; Frankreich ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Internationale Politik ; Innenpolitik ; Wirtschaft ; USA ; Zeitung
    Note: Teils ohne Titelzusatz , Ungezählte Beil. ab 115.2002,Juli: F.A.Z. weekly , Hrsg.: Stephen Dunbar-Johnson, verantw. Red.: Dick Stevenson, anfangs: Michael Getler , Periodizität: tägl. , Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI , Commission paritaire: 61337
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Armonk, NY : Sharpe | New York, NY [u.a.] : International Arts & Sciences Press ; 1.1968/69 - 43.2011
    ISSN: 0009-4625 , 1558-1004 , 1558-1004
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1968/69 - 43.2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chinese sociology and anthropology
    Former Title: a journal of translation
    Subsequent Title: Forts. Chinese sociological review
    DDC: 400
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; USA ; China ; Soziologie ; Wirtschaftsinformation ; Zeitschrift ; China ; Buddhismus ; Geschichte 1949-1967 ; Soziologie ; Sozialanthropologie ; Übersetzungszeitschrift ; Geschichte 1949-1967
    Note: Repr.: Germantown, NY : Periodicals Service Company, 2012
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Tucson, Ariz. : Assoc. | New York, NY : Assoc. ; 1.1967,Mai - 42.2008
    ISSN: 0026-3184
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967,Mai - 42.2008
    Additional Information: 8,spec. iss.=1974; 10,spec. iss.=1976 von Directory of graduate and undergraduate programs and courses in Middle East studies in the United States, Canada and abroad ... with directory of library collections on the Middle East in the United States and Canada New York, NY : Middle East Studies Assoc. of North America, 1974
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Middle East Studies Association of North America Middle East Studies Association bulletin
    Subsequent Title: Forts. Review of Middle East studies
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Mittlerer Osten ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Islamische Länder/Islamische Welt Naher und Mittlerer Osten ; Islamische Staaten ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Mittlerer Osten
    Note: Index 21/30.1987/96 in: 31.1997,2u.32.1998,1; 31/35.1997/2001 in: 36.2002,1
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Brookings Institution
    ISBN: 0585341869 , 9780585341866
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 387 p , 24 cm
    Edition: Boulder, Colo NetLibrary 2001 Online-Ressource E-Books von NetLibrary
    Series Statement: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    Keywords: Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975. ; Vietnam War, 1961-1975 ; Guerre du Viêt-nam, 1961-1975 ; Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975. ; Vietnam, Guerra de, 1961 1975 ; Vietnamkrieg ; United States Foreign relations ; Vietnam Foreign relations ; United States Foreign relations ; Vietnam ; Vietnam Foreign relations ; United States ; United States ; Vietnam ; États-Unis Relations extérieures ; Viêt-nam ; Viêt-nam Relations extérieures ; États-Unis ; USA ; United States Foreign relations ; Vietnam Foreign relations ; EE. UU Relaciones exteriores ; Vietnam ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Vietnamkrieg ; Vietnamkrieg
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2001 , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781475709612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 716 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Since the publication in 1950 of Vol. I, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules of Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, much progress has been made in the field. While there have been some important refinements in the theory of diatomic molecular spectra, most of the advances have been in the further exploration of individual spectra. Not only has the number of molecules about which some spectroscopic data are available been increased by a factor of 2 to 3, but also the spectroscopic information about the molecules known in 1950 has been vastly extended. This is due to the observation of new elec­ tronic states (about three times as many as known before), the enormous improvements in the accuracy of the constants of the states known in 1950, and the determination of higher order constants. In view of the increasing use of spectroscopic information on diatomic molecules in other fields of physics, in chemistry, and in astrophysics, it appeared desirable to prepare an up-to-date version of the table of molecular constants in the appendix of Vol. I. This updating proved to be far more time-consuming than originally anticipated, and it is only now, 10 years that we are able to present such a table, which, instead after its initiation, of the original 80 pages (plus 30 pages of bibliography), now fills a volume of 700 pages. In the interest of economy, and unlike the original version, the new table has been produced by photo-offset from the final manuscript.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [Eng.] : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 0521226406 , 0521295939
    Language: English
    Pages: XXI, 120 S. , Ill., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Basso, Keith H., 1940 - 2013 Portraits of "the Whiteman"
    DDC: 970.00497
    RVK:
    Keywords: Apache wit and humor History and criticism ; Western Apache language ; Joking relationships ; Westliche Apachen ; Soziolinguistik ; Sprachspiel ; Apachen ; USA ; Weiße ; Geschichte ; Kultur ; Apachen ; Weiße ; Kultur ; Geschichte 〈1800-1900〉 ; USA ; Kultur ; Apachen ; Weiße ; Geschichte ; Weiße ; Apachen ; Kultur ; Geschichte 1800-1900
    Note: Bibliography: p. 113-120
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introductory General Notes -- 1.1 Soldering components to interconnections when utilizing strip board -- 1.2 Resistor colour code -- 1.3 Symbols used in circuit diagrams -- 1.4 Symbols for quantities -- 1.5 Abbreviations -- 1.6 Notes on some aspects of electrical measuring instruments -- 2 Semiconductor Diodes: Characteristics; Use in D.C. Power Supplies -- 2.1 Semiconductor diodes -- 2.2 Zener diodes -- 2.3 D.C. power supplies: an introduction -- 3 Bipolar Junction Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 3.1 Bipolar junction transistors -- 3.2 Characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common-base (CB) connection -- 3.3 Characteristics of an n-p-n bipolar transistor in common-emitter (CE) connection -- 3.4 A bipolar transistor tester -- 3.5 Further investigation -- 3.6 Voltage stabilizing circuits: general information; the use of bipolar transistors -- 3.7 Constant current sources: introduction -- 3.8 Amplifiers: use of bipolar transistors -- 3.9 Sinusoidal waveform generators -- 3.10 Multivibrators -- 3.11 The Schmitt trigger circuit -- 3.12 Sweep generator: utilizing the bootstrap principle -- 3.13 An optically-coupled isolator -- 3.14 A typical application of an optically-coupled isolator -- 4 Field Effect Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 4.1 Field-effect transistors (FETs or fets) -- 4.2 A simple common-source fet amplifier -- 4.3 Sinusoidal waveform generators based on field-effect transistors -- 4.4 Multivibrators utilizing fets -- 5 Unijunction Transistors; Silicon Controlled Rectifiers: Characteristics and Applications -- 5.1 Unijunction transistors (UJTs or ujts) -- 5.2 Relaxation oscillators -- 5.3 A staircase generator or frequency divider based on a unijunction transistor -- 5.4 Programmable unijunction transistors (PUTs or puts) -- 5.5 A relaxation oscillator based on a put -- 5.6 Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs or scrs) -- 5.7 Phase control by means of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 5.8 Phase control by means of an scr fired by pulses from a ujt circuit -- 5.9 Phase control by means of a put -- 5.10 A bistable circuit based on the use of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 6 More Complex Amplifiers and some Applications -- 6.1 Differential or difference amplifiers -- 6.2 Operational amplifiers -- 6.3 Applications of operational amplifiers -- 6.4 Voltage-to-frequency converters which make use of an operational amplifier -- 6.5 A high-quality pre-amplifier for audio frequency signals -- 7 Logic Gates -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The basic TTL 2-input NAND gate -- 7.3 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the TTL type -- 7.4 Further pulse generator circuits based on NAND gates -- 7.5 The OR and the exclusive-OR functions -- 7.6 Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates -- 7.7 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the CMOS type -- 8 Some integrated Circuits -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A monolithic integrated circuit voltage stabilizer -- 8.3 Voltage-to-frequency converters -- 8.4 Monolithic integrated circuit waveform generators -- 8.5 Waveform generators of the multivibrator type based on NAND gates -- 8.6 A decade counter and a cold-cathode number display tube.
    Abstract: Electronics is essentially an experimental subject and enables a wealth of experimental work to be undertaken at relatively low cost. In any modestly equipped electrical engineering or physics laboratory. it is possible to plan interesting experiments to study active and passive com­ ponents, basic circuit functions, modular encapsulations and monolithic integrated circuits. The work may range from the formal investigation of a device new to the student to the design and construction of quite advanced, modern measurement and control systems. There are few books which guide experimental work in electronics. This text aims to rectify this by giving detailed descriptions of a series of experiments all of which have been thoroughly tested by students in physics, electronics, electrical engineering and instrumentation at The Polytechnic of Central London. Moreover, several of these experiments would seem to be appropriate for the current development of interest in courses in electronics in schools because several of them have been undertaken with considerable success by first-year sixth-form students who have come to Central London for special courses. They would also assist an introductory course in electronics for students from other disciplines and have been tried out in this way at The Polytechnic.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introductory General Notes1.1 Soldering components to interconnections when utilizing strip board -- 1.2 Resistor colour code -- 1.3 Symbols used in circuit diagrams -- 1.4 Symbols for quantities -- 1.5 Abbreviations -- 1.6 Notes on some aspects of electrical measuring instruments -- 2 Semiconductor Diodes: Characteristics; Use in D.C. Power Supplies -- 2.1 Semiconductor diodes -- 2.2 Zener diodes -- 2.3 D.C. power supplies: an introduction -- 3 Bipolar Junction Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 3.1 Bipolar junction transistors -- 3.2 Characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common-base (CB) connection -- 3.3 Characteristics of an n-p-n bipolar transistor in common-emitter (CE) connection -- 3.4 A bipolar transistor tester -- 3.5 Further investigation -- 3.6 Voltage stabilizing circuits: general information; the use of bipolar transistors -- 3.7 Constant current sources: introduction -- 3.8 Amplifiers: use of bipolar transistors -- 3.9 Sinusoidal waveform generators -- 3.10 Multivibrators -- 3.11 The Schmitt trigger circuit -- 3.12 Sweep generator: utilizing the bootstrap principle -- 3.13 An optically-coupled isolator -- 3.14 A typical application of an optically-coupled isolator -- 4 Field Effect Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 4.1 Field-effect transistors (FETs or fets) -- 4.2 A simple common-source fet amplifier -- 4.3 Sinusoidal waveform generators based on field-effect transistors -- 4.4 Multivibrators utilizing fets -- 5 Unijunction Transistors; Silicon Controlled Rectifiers: Characteristics and Applications -- 5.1 Unijunction transistors (UJTs or ujts) -- 5.2 Relaxation oscillators -- 5.3 A staircase generator or frequency divider based on a unijunction transistor -- 5.4 Programmable unijunction transistors (PUTs or puts) -- 5.5 A relaxation oscillator based on a put -- 5.6 Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs or scrs) -- 5.7 Phase control by means of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 5.8 Phase control by means of an scr fired by pulses from a ujt circuit -- 5.9 Phase control by means of a put -- 5.10 A bistable circuit based on the use of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 6 More Complex Amplifiers and some Applications -- 6.1 Differential or difference amplifiers -- 6.2 Operational amplifiers -- 6.3 Applications of operational amplifiers -- 6.4 Voltage-to-frequency converters which make use of an operational amplifier -- 6.5 A high-quality pre-amplifier for audio frequency signals -- 7 Logic Gates -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The basic TTL 2-input NAND gate -- 7.3 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the TTL type -- 7.4 Further pulse generator circuits based on NAND gates -- 7.5 The OR and the exclusive-OR functions -- 7.6 Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates -- 7.7 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the CMOS type -- 8 Some integrated Circuits -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A monolithic integrated circuit voltage stabilizer -- 8.3 Voltage-to-frequency converters -- 8.4 Monolithic integrated circuit waveform generators -- 8.5 Waveform generators of the multivibrator type based on NAND gates -- 8.6 A decade counter and a cold-cathode number display tube.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400992245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Velocity Determination from Seismic Reflection Data -- 2. Patterns of Sources and Detectors -- 3. Well Geophone Surveys and the Calibration of Acoustic Velocity Logs -- 4. Seismic Sources on Land -- 5. Marine Seismic Sources -- 6. Gravity and Magnetic Surveys at Sea -- 7. Pulse Shaping Methods -- 8. Seismic Profiling for Coal on Land.
    Abstract: This is a collection of original papers, each by an expert in his field. They deal with different sectors of recent geophysical development. It may be, at first, difficult to see what else unites them, and how these several technologies can contribute to an integrated exploration process. What brings these writers together is that they have all contributed to the improvement of what comes to the eye of the geophysical interpreter. Some of the improvement is achieved at the data-gathering stage, some of it in processing, and in presentation. For all of this improvement interpreters in general are most grateful. The editor is appreciative in a quite personal way, not only of the advances in technology, but also of the effort in writing which has been made by these busy contributors, and so created this collection. Something can be said here about interpretation and the environment in which it is carried out, since it represents the field where the results of these technical developments are ultimately tested. In the commercial world it is from the geophysical interpreter that management learns the results of a large sector of exploration expenditure, and learns them in a form on which still larger expenditures on later phases of exploration can be based.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Velocity Determination from Seismic Reflection Data2. Patterns of Sources and Detectors -- 3. Well Geophone Surveys and the Calibration of Acoustic Velocity Logs -- 4. Seismic Sources on Land -- 5. Marine Seismic Sources -- 6. Gravity and Magnetic Surveys at Sea -- 7. Pulse Shaping Methods -- 8. Seismic Profiling for Coal on Land.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461591160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 411 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Ontogeny of Social Behavior -- 2 On the Physiological Organization of Social Behavior: Sex and Aggression -- 3 The Analysis of Animal Communication -- 4 Mechanisms and Evolution of Spacing in Animals -- 5 Foraging Strategies and Their Social Significance -- 6 The Evolution of Mating Systems in Birds and Mammals -- 7 The Roles of Individual, Kin, and Group Selection in the Evolution of Sociality.
    Abstract: Other books in this series focus on behavior at the individual level, approached from the viewpoints of biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, and psychology. In this volume we show how the functioning nervous systems of interacting individuals are coordinated, with the ultimate creation of complex social structures. The intri­ cacies of an individual's nervous system have been subject to intense inquiry, and research at the chemical, cellular, and organ levels has made remarkable progress. Work at the social level has been conducted somewhat independently, by way of behavioral phenomena and communicative interactions. With the emergence of a large body of information from neurobiology, the beginnings of an integrated approach are possible. New data on social functions are presented in the chapters to follow, and the forward-looking reader may wish to reflect on how they clarify understanding of interactions between two or more independent nervous systems. The outcome is harmonious social structure and improvement in the inclusive fitness of group-living individuals. We believe that there is in prospect a new way of looking at social function that will ultimately increase our understanding of the highest and most complex levels of neurobiology. The modern approach to the study of social behavior involves more than the recording of interactions between animals. Each individual brings to the process of social interaction the implications of its prior genetic and experiential history.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Ontogeny of Social Behavior2 On the Physiological Organization of Social Behavior: Sex and Aggression -- 3 The Analysis of Animal Communication -- 4 Mechanisms and Evolution of Spacing in Animals -- 5 Foraging Strategies and Their Social Significance -- 6 The Evolution of Mating Systems in Birds and Mammals -- 7 The Roles of Individual, Kin, and Group Selection in the Evolution of Sociality.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401165112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section One: Deposits in Geological Environments at the Earth’s Surface -- The Bauxite Deposits of Jamaica -- The Onverdacht Bauxite Deposit — Surinam -- The Nickel Deposits of New Caledonia -- The Nsuta Manganese Deposit — Ghana -- The Tin Deposits of the Kinta Valley — Malaysia -- The Beach-Sand Deposits of North Stradbroke Island — Australia -- The Witwatersrand Gold-Uranium Deposits — South Africa -- The Uranium Deposits of the Blind River Area — Canada -- The Esterhazy Potash Deposits — Canada -- The Sulphur Salt Dome — U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Northampton District — U.K. -- The Mesabi Iron Range — U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Itabira District — Brazil -- Section Two: Mineral Deposits in Sedimentary Rocks -- The Luanshya Copper Deposit — Zambia -- The Ambrosia Lake Uranium Field — U.S.A. -- The Laisvall Lead-Zinc Deposit — Sweden -- The Picher Lead-Zinc Field — U.S.A. -- The Zinc, Lead and Barite Deposits of the Silvermines District — Ireland -- The Zinc-Lead Deposits of the Pine Point District — Canada -- The Sullivan Deposit — Canada -- The Broken Hill Deposit — Australia -- Section Three: Deposits Associated with Felsic Magmatic Environments -- The Helen Iron Deposit — Canada -- The Pyritic Deposits of the Tamasos Field — Cyprus -- The Skorovas Pyritic Deposit — Norway -- The Rio Tinto Deposits — Spain -- The Noranda Field — Canada -- The Deposits of the Kosaka District — Japan -- The Almaden Mercury Deposit — Spain -- The Deposits of the MacIntyre-Hollinger Field — Canada -- The Homestake Gold Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Bunker Hill Silver Deposit — U.S.A. -- The El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit — Chile -- The Chuquicamata Copper Deposit — Chile -- The Bingham Canyon Copper Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Climax Molybdenum Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Butte District — U.S.A. -- The Santa Eulaila Deposit — Mexico -- The South-West England District — U.K. -- The Pine Creek Tungsten Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Bikita Pegmatite — Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- Section Four: Mineral Deposits in Basic and Ultrabasic Magmatic Rocks -- The Plantinum Deposits of the Merensky Reef — South Africa -- The Chromite Deposits of the Great Dyke — Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- The Sudbury Nickel Deposits — Canada -- The Tellnes Illmenite Deposit — Norway -- The Chromite Deposits of Mugla District — Turkey -- The Asbestos Deposits of the Thetford District — Canada -- The Palabora Complex — South Africa -- The Mwadui Diamond Pipe — Tanzania -- Section Five: The World Distribution of Mineral Deposits -- Copper Deposits of the World -- Lead and Zinc Deposits of the World -- Iron and Ferro-alloy metal Deposits of the World -- Light Metal Deposits of the World -- Precious Metal Deposits of the World -- Glossary of Mineral Names -- Units of Measurement -- Key to Stratigraphic Names.
    Abstract: reader who wishes to study economic mineral deposits. I have in mind that it they do include references to the source material. Full bibliographies are in could be the basic descriptive part of a university course on the subject. many cases unnecessary because of the monumental work of Ridge (Ridge, Many teachers of economic and mining geology prefer to lecture on the 1972 and 1976). formative geological processes and origin of mineral deposits, and most of The Scope, Purpose and Layout of the Book Terminology. This is a persistent problem in geology. What I have tried to the existing textbooks do likewise. The Atlas is intended to be a compen­ Air, sea, surface water and soil support life, from which comes our food; the dium of descriptive material on which a more analytical series of lectures, or do is use a consistent, and internationally acceptable set of terms, making as much use as possible of the recent attempts by international organizations to fossil remains of life, that is: coal, oil and gas, together with solar and course of reading, could be based.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section One: Deposits in Geological Environments at the Earth’s SurfaceThe Bauxite Deposits of Jamaica -- The Onverdacht Bauxite Deposit - Surinam -- The Nickel Deposits of New Caledonia -- The Nsuta Manganese Deposit - Ghana -- The Tin Deposits of the Kinta Valley - Malaysia -- The Beach-Sand Deposits of North Stradbroke Island - Australia -- The Witwatersrand Gold-Uranium Deposits - South Africa -- The Uranium Deposits of the Blind River Area - Canada -- The Esterhazy Potash Deposits - Canada -- The Sulphur Salt Dome - U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Northampton District - U.K. -- The Mesabi Iron Range - U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Itabira District - Brazil -- Section Two: Mineral Deposits in Sedimentary Rocks -- The Luanshya Copper Deposit - Zambia -- The Ambrosia Lake Uranium Field - U.S.A. -- The Laisvall Lead-Zinc Deposit - Sweden -- The Picher Lead-Zinc Field - U.S.A. -- The Zinc, Lead and Barite Deposits of the Silvermines District - Ireland -- The Zinc-Lead Deposits of the Pine Point District - Canada -- The Sullivan Deposit - Canada -- The Broken Hill Deposit - Australia -- Section Three: Deposits Associated with Felsic Magmatic Environments -- The Helen Iron Deposit - Canada -- The Pyritic Deposits of the Tamasos Field - Cyprus -- The Skorovas Pyritic Deposit - Norway -- The Rio Tinto Deposits - Spain -- The Noranda Field - Canada -- The Deposits of the Kosaka District - Japan -- The Almaden Mercury Deposit - Spain -- The Deposits of the MacIntyre-Hollinger Field - Canada -- The Homestake Gold Deposit - U.S.A. -- The Bunker Hill Silver Deposit - U.S.A. -- The El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit - Chile -- The Chuquicamata Copper Deposit - Chile -- The Bingham Canyon Copper Deposit - U.S.A. -- The Climax Molybdenum Deposit - U.S.A. -- The Butte District - U.S.A. -- The Santa Eulaila Deposit - Mexico -- The South-West England District - U.K. -- The Pine Creek Tungsten Deposit - U.S.A. -- The Bikita Pegmatite - Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- Section Four: Mineral Deposits in Basic and Ultrabasic Magmatic Rocks -- The Plantinum Deposits of the Merensky Reef - South Africa -- The Chromite Deposits of the Great Dyke - Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- The Sudbury Nickel Deposits - Canada -- The Tellnes Illmenite Deposit - Norway -- The Chromite Deposits of Mugla District - Turkey -- The Asbestos Deposits of the Thetford District - Canada -- The Palabora Complex - South Africa -- The Mwadui Diamond Pipe - Tanzania -- Section Five: The World Distribution of Mineral Deposits -- Copper Deposits of the World -- Lead and Zinc Deposits of the World -- Iron and Ferro-alloy metal Deposits of the World -- Light Metal Deposits of the World -- Precious Metal Deposits of the World -- Glossary of Mineral Names -- Units of Measurement -- Key to Stratigraphic Names.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781468408171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: VI. Neurobiology -- 1 Neuroembryology and the Development of Perception -- 2 The Differentiate Maturation of the Human Cerebral Cortex -- 3 Organization and Reorganization in the Central Nervous System: Evolving Concepts of Brain Plasticity -- 4 Developmental Aspects of the Neuronal Control of Breathing -- 5 Ontogenesis of Brain Bioelectrlcal Activity and Sleep Organization in Neonates and Infants -- 6 Sexual Differentiation of the Brain -- 7 Critical Periods in Organizational Processes -- 8 Patterns of Early Neurological Development -- 9 Early Development of Neonatal and Infant behavior -- VII. Nutrition -- 10 Nutrition and Growth in Infancy -- 11 Protein — Energy Malnutrition and Growth -- 12 Population Differences in Growth: Environmental and Genetic Factors -- 13 Epidemiological Considerations -- 14 Obesity -- 15 Nutritional Deficiencies and Brain Development -- 16 Nutrition, Mental Development and Learning -- VIII. History of Growth Studies -- 17 A Concise History of Growth Studies from Buffon to Boas.
    Abstract: Growth, as we conceive it, is the study of change in an organism not yet mature. Differential growth creates form: external form through growth rates which vary from one part of the body to another and one tissue to another; and internal form through the series of time-entrained events which build up in each cell the special­ ized complexity of its particular function. We make no distinction, then, between growth and development, and if we have not included accounts of differentiation it is simply because we had to draw a quite arbitrary line somewhere. It is only rather recently that those involved in pediatrics and child health have come to realize that growth is the basic science peculiar to their art. It is a science which uses and incorporates the traditional disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology. It is indeed a part of biology, and the study of human growth is a part of the curriculum of the rejuvenated science of Human Biology. What growth is not is a series of charts of height and weight. Growth standards are useful and necessary, and their construction is by no means void of intellectual challenge. They are a basic instrument in pediatric epidemiology. But they do not appear in this book, any more than clinical accounts of growth disorders. This appears to be the first large handbook-in three volumes-devoted to Human Growth.
    Description / Table of Contents: VI. Neurobiology1 Neuroembryology and the Development of Perception -- 2 The Differentiate Maturation of the Human Cerebral Cortex -- 3 Organization and Reorganization in the Central Nervous System: Evolving Concepts of Brain Plasticity -- 4 Developmental Aspects of the Neuronal Control of Breathing -- 5 Ontogenesis of Brain Bioelectrlcal Activity and Sleep Organization in Neonates and Infants -- 6 Sexual Differentiation of the Brain -- 7 Critical Periods in Organizational Processes -- 8 Patterns of Early Neurological Development -- 9 Early Development of Neonatal and Infant behavior -- VII. Nutrition -- 10 Nutrition and Growth in Infancy -- 11 Protein - Energy Malnutrition and Growth -- 12 Population Differences in Growth: Environmental and Genetic Factors -- 13 Epidemiological Considerations -- 14 Obesity -- 15 Nutritional Deficiencies and Brain Development -- 16 Nutrition, Mental Development and Learning -- VIII. History of Growth Studies -- 17 A Concise History of Growth Studies from Buffon to Boas.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401169974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section 1 Passive Circuits -- 1.1 English Letters -- 1.2 Greek Letters -- Section 2 Transistors -- 2.1 Static Conditions -- 2.2 Small Signal Conditions -- Section 3 Operational Amplifiers -- 3.1 Symbols and Definitions -- 3.2 Formulas and Circuits -- A Table of 5% Value Ratios -- B Electronic Terms and their Corresponding Symbols.
    Abstract: The Handbook of Electronics Formulas, Symbols and Defini­ tions has been compiled for engineers, technicians, armed forces personnel, commercial operators, students, hobbyists, and all others who have some knowledge of electronic terms, symbols, and theory. The author's intention has been to provide: A small, light reference book that may be easily carried in an attache case or kept in a desk drawer for easy access. A source for the majority of all electronic formulas, sym­ bols, and definitions needed or desired for today's passive and active analog circuit technology. A format in which a desired formula may be located almost instantly without the use of an index, in the desired trans­ position, and in sufficiently parenthesized linear form for direct use with any scientific calculator. Sufficient information, alternate methods, approximations, schematic diagrams, and/or footnotes in such a manner so that technicians and hobbyists may understand and use the majority of the formulas, and that is acceptable and equally useful to engineers and others very knowledgeable in the field. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much of the material is this Handbook is based upon a small loose-leaf notebook containing formulas and other reference material compiled over many years. With the passage of time, the sources of this material have become unknown. It is impos­ sible therefore to list and give the proper credit.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1 Passive Circuits1.1 English Letters -- 1.2 Greek Letters -- Section 2 Transistors -- 2.1 Static Conditions -- 2.2 Small Signal Conditions -- Section 3 Operational Amplifiers -- 3.1 Symbols and Definitions -- 3.2 Formulas and Circuits -- A Table of 5% Value Ratios -- B Electronic Terms and their Corresponding Symbols.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400992276
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction: Mineral Resources and Exploration -- 1.1 Growth in Mineral Production -- 1.2 Metal Prices -- 1.3 Patterns of Production and Consumption -- 1.4 The Nature of Mineral Exploration -- 1.5 Mining and the Environment -- 2 Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.1 The Importance of Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.2 Traditional Prospecting Methods -- 3 Photogeology and Remote Sensing -- 3.1 Photogeology -- 3.2 Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) -- 3.3 Satellite Photographs and Imagery -- 3.4 Thermal Imagery -- 3.5 Other Remote Detection Methods -- 3.6 Air Sampling Methods -- 4 Geochemical Prospecting -- 4.1 Distribution of Elements -- 4.2 Primary Dispersion -- 4.3 Secondary Dispersion -- 4.4 Soil Types -- 4.5 Statistical Treatment of Data -- 4.6 Drainage Surveys -- 4.7 Soil Surveys -- 4.8 Vegetation and Water Surveys -- 4.9 Analytical Methods -- 5 Deep Sampling Methods -- 5.1 Pitting and Trenching -- 5.2 Auger Drilling -- 5.3 Hand-Held Percussion Drills -- 5.4 Wagon Drilling -- 5.5 Banka Drilling -- 6 Geophysical Prospecting -- 6.1 Gravity Surveying -- 6.2 Magnetic Surveying -- 6.3 Resistivity Surveys -- 6.4 Induced Polarization (IP) Surveys -- 6.5 Electromagnetic (EM) Surveying -- 6.6 Self-Potential (SP) Surveys -- 6.7 Equipotential (EP) Surveys -- 6.8 Magneto-Telluric (MT) Surveys -- 6.9 Seismic Methods -- 6.10 Radiometric Surveying -- 6.11 Geothermal Methods -- 6.12 Well-Logging Techniques -- 7 Drilling Methods -- 7.1 Percussion Drilling -- 7.2 Churn Drilling -- 7.3 Diamond Drilling -- 7.4 Rotary Drilling -- 8 Surveying -- 8.1 Chaining -- 8.2 Compass and Tape Surveys -- 8.3 Determination of Elevation -- 8.4 Plane Table Surveying -- 8.5 Surveying Calculations -- 8.6 Measurements with a Theodolite -- 8.7 Measurement of Distance -- 8.8 Astronomical Surveying -- 9 Ore Reserve Calculations -- 9.1 Ore and Ore Reserves -- 9.2 Plan Methods -- 9.3 Cross-Sectional Methods -- 9.4 Steeply Dipping Ore Bodies -- 9.5 Ore Bodies of Variable Dip -- 9.6 Use of Ore Blocks -- 9.7 Cut-Off Grades -- 9.8 Tonnage Factor -- 9.9 Sampling for Grade Determination -- 10 Evaluation of Prospects -- 10.1 Mineral Dressing -- 10.2 Smelting and Refining of Ores -- 10.3 Mining Methods -- 10.4 Economic Feasibility Studies -- 10.5 Examination of Properties.
    Abstract: For some years I have felt there was a need for a single, comprehen­ sive, reference book on exploration geology. Numerous textbooks are available on subjects such as geophysical prospecting, exploration geochemistry, mining geology, photogeology and general economic geology, but, for the geologist working in mineral exploration, who does not require a specialist's knowledge, a general book on explora­ tion techniques is needed. Many undergraduate university courses tend to neglect economic geology and few deal with the more prac­ tical aspects in any detail. Graduate geologists embarking on a career in economic geology or mineral exploration are therefore often poorly equipped and have to learn a considerable amount 'on the job'. By providing a book that includes material which can be found in some of the standard texts together with a number of practical aspects not to be found elsewhere, I hope that both recent graduates and more experienced exploration geologists will find it a useful reference work and manual. In addition, students of economic geology and personnel working in related fields in the mining and mineral extraction in­ dustries will find it informative. J. H. REEDMAN v Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Dr K. Fletcher, geochemist with the Department of Geology, University of British Columbia, and Kari Savario, geophysicist with Finnish Technical Aid to Zambia, for reading the original drafts and offering constructive criticism and advice on the chapters on geochemical and geophysical prospecting respectively.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction: Mineral Resources and Exploration1.1 Growth in Mineral Production -- 1.2 Metal Prices -- 1.3 Patterns of Production and Consumption -- 1.4 The Nature of Mineral Exploration -- 1.5 Mining and the Environment -- 2 Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.1 The Importance of Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.2 Traditional Prospecting Methods -- 3 Photogeology and Remote Sensing -- 3.1 Photogeology -- 3.2 Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) -- 3.3 Satellite Photographs and Imagery -- 3.4 Thermal Imagery -- 3.5 Other Remote Detection Methods -- 3.6 Air Sampling Methods -- 4 Geochemical Prospecting -- 4.1 Distribution of Elements -- 4.2 Primary Dispersion -- 4.3 Secondary Dispersion -- 4.4 Soil Types -- 4.5 Statistical Treatment of Data -- 4.6 Drainage Surveys -- 4.7 Soil Surveys -- 4.8 Vegetation and Water Surveys -- 4.9 Analytical Methods -- 5 Deep Sampling Methods -- 5.1 Pitting and Trenching -- 5.2 Auger Drilling -- 5.3 Hand-Held Percussion Drills -- 5.4 Wagon Drilling -- 5.5 Banka Drilling -- 6 Geophysical Prospecting -- 6.1 Gravity Surveying -- 6.2 Magnetic Surveying -- 6.3 Resistivity Surveys -- 6.4 Induced Polarization (IP) Surveys -- 6.5 Electromagnetic (EM) Surveying -- 6.6 Self-Potential (SP) Surveys -- 6.7 Equipotential (EP) Surveys -- 6.8 Magneto-Telluric (MT) Surveys -- 6.9 Seismic Methods -- 6.10 Radiometric Surveying -- 6.11 Geothermal Methods -- 6.12 Well-Logging Techniques -- 7 Drilling Methods -- 7.1 Percussion Drilling -- 7.2 Churn Drilling -- 7.3 Diamond Drilling -- 7.4 Rotary Drilling -- 8 Surveying -- 8.1 Chaining -- 8.2 Compass and Tape Surveys -- 8.3 Determination of Elevation -- 8.4 Plane Table Surveying -- 8.5 Surveying Calculations -- 8.6 Measurements with a Theodolite -- 8.7 Measurement of Distance -- 8.8 Astronomical Surveying -- 9 Ore Reserve Calculations -- 9.1 Ore and Ore Reserves -- 9.2 Plan Methods -- 9.3 Cross-Sectional Methods -- 9.4 Steeply Dipping Ore Bodies -- 9.5 Ore Bodies of Variable Dip -- 9.6 Use of Ore Blocks -- 9.7 Cut-Off Grades -- 9.8 Tonnage Factor -- 9.9 Sampling for Grade Determination -- 10 Evaluation of Prospects -- 10.1 Mineral Dressing -- 10.2 Smelting and Refining of Ores -- 10.3 Mining Methods -- 10.4 Economic Feasibility Studies -- 10.5 Examination of Properties.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Faults which develop during storage -- 2 Difficulties arising during application -- 3 Difficulties mainly due to faults in the liquid paints -- 4 Faults related to drying and curing -- 5 Defects apparent shortly after application -- 6 Defects related mainly to poor adhesion -- 7 Defects of coatings developing in service -- 8 Hazards to the paint user -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Since publication of the first English edition this book has become the standard reference work on paint film defects throughout the world. The very considerable advances in coatings technology since the second English edition was published in 1965 have necessitated a revision of the book, a task which from the outset was recognized as formidable. The very wide field to be covered required specialist knowledge as well as wide experience, and we were fortunate in being able to enlist the services of a group of contributors who were well qualified for the task. Due to his advancing age Mr Manfred Hess, the originator of this work, felt unable to take an active part in the preparation of the new edition. He entrusted not only a large part of the necessarily extensive revision of the text, but also the editorial work, the planning and compilation of the index to us jointly. A variety of causes has prevented the main contributors to the second edition, Mr W.A. Edwards and Mr T .W. Wilkinson, from revising their sections. Nevertheless, much of what they and others have contributed to previous editions has enabled us to build on valuable foundations. Much new material has been added; the illustrations section has been expanded and enhanced by the addition of several colour plates. Mr S.T. Harris revised the sections concerned with industrial finishes and in particular powder coatings, and Dr T.A. Banfield contributed the sections on marine paints and compositions.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Faults which develop during storage2 Difficulties arising during application -- 3 Difficulties mainly due to faults in the liquid paints -- 4 Faults related to drying and curing -- 5 Defects apparent shortly after application -- 6 Defects related mainly to poor adhesion -- 7 Defects of coatings developing in service -- 8 Hazards to the paint user -- Author Index.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034864305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 237 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Current Research in Geophysics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781461261230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Dritte Ergänzte Auflage / Third Edition, with a Supplement / Troisième Édition, Complétée
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.
    Description / Table of Contents: AB -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9781468472516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Countries -- African Countries -- Argentina -- Australia -- Austria -- Belgium -- Bolivia -- Brazil -- Bulgaria -- Canada -- Chile -- China -- Colombia -- Cuba -- Cyprus -- Czechoslovakia -- Denmark -- Ecuador -- Egypt -- Fiji -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Hong Kong -- Hungary -- Iceland -- India -- Indonesia -- Iran -- Ireland -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- Korea -- Lebanon -- Malta -- Mexico -- Nepal -- Netherlands -- New Zealand -- Nigeria -- Norway -- Pakistan -- Panama -- Paraguay -- Peru -- Philippines -- Poland -- Portugal -- Qatar -- Romania -- Singapore -- South Africa -- Spain -- Sweden -- Switzerland -- Syria -- Turkey -- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) -- United Kingdom -- United States of America -- Uruguay -- Venezuela -- Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRJ).
    Abstract: In the past several decades, psychology has grown so rapidly in many countries that no one has been able to keep up-to-date on more than a handful of countries. To be sure, the highly developed countries of North America, Western Europe, Ja­ pan, and Australia have generally had well-known national psychological societies for most of this century, and consider­ able information about their universities and institutes has been published at one time or another. But even in these more highly developed countries, the rapid changes of recent years are not well known. In any event, what information has been published is scattered so widely that it is hardly accessible when needed. Still less well known is the growth of psychology in the developing countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa, and at least for Western readers, even the modem nations of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union are relatively unknown. Only recently have most Western psychologists become aware of the fact that psychology as they know it is provincial. With more than half of the world's highly trained psychologists in Canada and the United States, which together devote far more of their national resources to psychological research than is true of any other countries in the world, it is not surprising that the North American journals, psychological associations, institutes, clinics, and other manifestations of psychology have completely domi­ nated the field, at least until recently.
    Description / Table of Contents: The CountriesAfrican Countries -- Argentina -- Australia -- Austria -- Belgium -- Bolivia -- Brazil -- Bulgaria -- Canada -- Chile -- China -- Colombia -- Cuba -- Cyprus -- Czechoslovakia -- Denmark -- Ecuador -- Egypt -- Fiji -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Hong Kong -- Hungary -- Iceland -- India -- Indonesia -- Iran -- Ireland -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- Korea -- Lebanon -- Malta -- Mexico -- Nepal -- Netherlands -- New Zealand -- Nigeria -- Norway -- Pakistan -- Panama -- Paraguay -- Peru -- Philippines -- Poland -- Portugal -- Qatar -- Romania -- Singapore -- South Africa -- Spain -- Sweden -- Switzerland -- Syria -- Turkey -- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) -- United Kingdom -- United States of America -- Uruguay -- Venezuela -- Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRJ).
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034865258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 341 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Current Research in Geophysics (CCRG)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Current Research in Geophysics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9783034857659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (406 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Geometric convexity -- Boundary structure and curvature of convex bodies -- Kinematic integral formulas for convex bodies -- Geometric theories of measure and area -- Transforms, Diagrams and Representations -- Neuere Entwicklungen in der kombinatorischen Konvexgeometrie -- Radon’s theorem revisited -- Geometry of numbers -- Stetige und diskrete Funktionale konvexer Körper -- Neuere Entwicklungen über reguläre Polyeder -- Konvexe Polytope mit regulären Facetten im ?n (n?4) -- Problems in Geometric Convexity -- Differential geometry and kinematics -- Mean-value theorems in riemannian geometry -- Diskrete Gruppen und kleine Krümmung nach Gromov -- Nichtlineare Differentialgeometrie, insbesondere Minkowski-Geometrie -- Theorie der flächentreuen Abbildungen der Ebene -- Zum Satz von Holditch -- On kinematics of the n-dimensional Euclidean space -- Bemerkungen über parabolische Kegelschnittflächen -- Affine Trochoidenbewegungen -- Globale Geometrie der Regelflächen -- Über einige geometrische Aspekte der Approximationstheorie -- Foundations of Geometry -- Richtungsalgebren -- Unterräume von Blockplänen -- Die Methode der Hilfsmatrizen -- Verallgemeinerte Minkowski-Geometrie.
    Abstract: During the time from June 28-July 1, 1978, representatives of different branches of geometry met in Siegen for discussion of and reports on current problems. In particular, the survey lectures, presented by well known geometers, gave nonspecialists the welcome opportunity to learn about the questions posed, the methods used and the results obtained in different areas of the field of geometry. The research areas represented at the meeting in Siegen are reflected in the list of participants and their contributions: Ranging from geometric convexity and related topics to differential geometry and kinematics. The foundations of geometry, an area well established in Germany, was also represented. It is a pleasure to thank all the lecturers as well as other participants in the Geometry Symposium for their contribution to the success of the meeting. We also thank the "Minister fUr Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen" and the University of Siegen for their generous support which helped make the Symposium so successful. In order to make the contributions and results of the Symposium accessible to the general public, the publication of a proceedings volume was planned. The idea was to give a summary of a wide spectrum of research in geometr- through survey articles and original research papers.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034852838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second, Revised Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Wissenschaft und Kultur 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Scope and History of Seismology -- Seismographs -- Seismic Waves -- Source Parameters and Their Determination -- Earthquake Statistics and Earthquake Geography -- Earthquake Mechanism -- Internal Structure of the Earth -- Methods to Improve Seismological Observations -- Model Seismology -- Prediction and Artificial Release of Earthquakes -- Nuclear Tests and Other Explosions -- Planetary Seismology -- Seismological Education and Practice.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Ecology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- 1 The nature of vegetation -- 1.1 Ubiquity of changes in time -- 1.2 Variation in space -- 1.3 The nature of vegetation in time -- 2 Processes of vegetation change -- 2.1 Initiation of successions and fluctuations -- 2.2 Immigration of species -- 2.3 Establishment -- 2.4 Competition -- 2.5 Site modification -- 2.6 Stabilization -- 3 Fluctuations -- 3.1 Definitions of vegetation change -- 3.2 Phenological changes -- 3.3 Changes with fluctuations in environment -- 4 Regeneration and cyclic changes -- 5 Primary successions -- 5.1 Successions on submerged and waterlogged soils -- 5.2 Succession behind retreating glaciers -- 6 Secondary successions -- 6.1 The course of secondary succession -- 6.2 Factors determining the course of secondary succession -- 6.3 Predictability of secondary succession -- 7 Changes caused by grazing animals -- 8 Concluding remarks -- References.
    Abstract: Vegetation dynamics is an important subject. A knowledge and under­ standing of it is central to the science of vegetation management-in grassland, range and nature reserve management, and in aspects of wildlife management, forestry and agricultural crop production. It is also a large and diffuse subject. In a small book such as this I had to be highly selective, and could not do equal justice to all aspects. I have had therefore to condense many examples, and more regrettably, many arguments. While I have tried to present a broad selection of topics and examples, the content inevitably reflects my own special interests and experience. The study of vegetation and its dynamics does not lend itselfto neat and tidy divisions, and the way of allotting material into different chapters here is arbitrary. I have used Chapter I to introduce a number of ideas, beginning with the nature of vegetation in space, then passing to an introduction to the nature of changes in vegetation with time, in particular those generally known as successions. The book also contains a number of asides to the text's central arguments; I hope the reader finds these interesting rather than disconcerting.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468435511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- 1. Energy Transfer Processes in Bioluminescence -- 2. Phytochrome: Function and Properties -- 3. Photosynthesis and Fast Changes in Light Emission by Green Plants -- 4. Photoreceptors for Circadian Rhythms -- 5. Nondimer Damage in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation.
    Abstract: The goals of the science of photobiology can be divided into four categories: to develop (I) ways to optimize the beneficial effects of light on man and his environment, (2) methods to protect organisms, including man, from the detrimental effects of light, (3) photochemical tools for use in studies of life processes, and (4) photochemical therapies in medicine. To achieve these goals will require the knowledgeable collaboration of biologists, chemists, engineers, mathematicians, physicians, and physicists; because photobiology is a truly multidisciplinary science. While a multidis­ ciplinary science is more intellectually demanding, it also has a greater potential for unexpected breakthroughs that can occur when data from several areas of science are integrated into new concepts for theoretical or practical use. Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews continues to provide in­ depth coverage of the many specialty areas of photobiology. It is hoped that these reviews will provide an important service to the younger scientists in the field and to senior scientists in related fields, because they provide a ready access to the recent literature in the field, and more importantly, they frequently offer a critical evaluation of the direction that the field is taking, or suggest a redirection when appropriate. Since it is important that this review series remain responsive to the needs of photochemists and photobiologists, the Editor would value com­ ments and suggestions from its readers.
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  • 32
    Book
    Book
    New York : Delacorte
    ISBN: 0440086515
    Language: English
    Pages: 244 S
    Edition: 1.print.
    Series Statement: Delta book
    DDC: 371.1/02
    RVK:
    Keywords: USA ; Schule ; Erziehungsauftrag ; Schule ; Erziehungsauftrag
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468435337
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Anthropology. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Realms of Reason and Unreason -- I Diffusion and Superdiffusion, Prologue -- 1 From Continent to Continent: Making Ends Meet -- 2 Stones, Suppositions, and Science -- 3 Ancient Astronauts: Thesis -- 4 Ancient Astronauts: Response -- 5 The UFO Phenomenon -- II Strange Stone Monuments, Prologue -- 6 Stonehenge -- 7 Pyramid -- 8 Easter Island -- III Marine Mysteries, Prologue -- 9 The Bermuda Triangle -- 10 The Lost Continent of Atlantis -- IV Monsters, Stars, and Catastrophists, Prologue -- 11 Monsters -- 12 Astrology -- 13 The Colliding Worlds of Velikovsky -- 14 Noah’s Ark -- Epilogue -- References.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to explore some of those great mysteries of the earth that have captured the popular imagination, and especially those having their roots in our specialties of archaeology and geology. The average reader probably is unfamiliar with the earth sciences or the archaeological history of man. Nor does the average reader have the time and literary resources to verify all he or she reads. Our aim is to lend a helping hand by examining the evidence that surrounds such mysteries as the legend of Atlantis and the ruins of Stonehenge, and, as logically as we can, sift truth from falsehood and exagger­ ation. Early man found himself in a world of unimaginable mysteries: meteors streaking across a star-studded sky, the darkness beyond the campfire's glow, the sound and fury of a volcano's eruption. Our earliest ancestors were probably mysteries to themselves, and totally susceptible to the subjectivity of their world. Fantasies may have been as much a formative influence as toolmaking in the early development of culture. As human beings gathered knowledge and understanding of their surroundings, old mysteries vanished, only to be replaced by others because so much was not understood.
    Description / Table of Contents: Realms of Reason and UnreasonI Diffusion and Superdiffusion, Prologue -- 1 From Continent to Continent: Making Ends Meet -- 2 Stones, Suppositions, and Science -- 3 Ancient Astronauts: Thesis -- 4 Ancient Astronauts: Response -- 5 The UFO Phenomenon -- II Strange Stone Monuments, Prologue -- 6 Stonehenge -- 7 Pyramid -- 8 Easter Island -- III Marine Mysteries, Prologue -- 9 The Bermuda Triangle -- 10 The Lost Continent of Atlantis -- IV Monsters, Stars, and Catastrophists, Prologue -- 11 Monsters -- 12 Astrology -- 13 The Colliding Worlds of Velikovsky -- 14 Noah’s Ark -- Epilogue -- References.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401196994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Lettuce -- 3 Celery -- 4 Cabbage -- 5 Endive and Chicory -- 6 Spinach -- 7 Lesser Salad Vegetables.
    Abstract: Leafy salad vegetables are among the most universally used vegetable crops grown today. Their prominence as important crops has been heightened through the last several decades due to an awareness on the part of consumers of the nutrient, and other obvious values they offer to the diet as "fresh greens" which, at least in the United States, have become a daily table staple. As a result, acreage planted to leafy salad vegetable crops has expanded to a remarkable degree over the past few decades, making these crops an important segment of the agricultural and marketing industries. Published information on leafy salad vegetables has been-and is­ widespread and scattered. This book brings together all up-to-date information and is amply referenced throughout for further study and information. Similarities and differences among the species are discussed and provide insight into the place these species hold in the world cropping system and in the human diet. This approach in text organiza­ tion was made in an effort to be helpful to the widest type of readership: professional researchers and teachers, graduate and undergraduate stu­ dents, extension workers, farmers and other members of the horticultural community, and, perhaps, even lay readers who are the ultimate consumers.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Lettuce -- 3 Celery -- 4 Cabbage -- 5 Endive and Chicory -- 6 Spinach -- 7 Lesser Salad Vegetables.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401713948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 477 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Electric Power System -- 2. Faraday’s Induction Law -- 3. Magnetic Circuits -- 4. Sinusoidal Steady State -- 5. Transformers -- 6. Transformer Connections -- 7. Electromechanical Energy Conversion -- 8. Distributed Windings -- 9. Three-phase Synchronous Machines -- 10. Synchronous Motors -- 11. Synchronous Generators -- 12. Synchronous Machines With Salient Poles -- 13. Three-phase Induction Machines -- 14. Application of Induction Motors -- 15. Symmetrical Components -- 16. Two-phase Servomotors -- 17. Single-phase Motors -- 18. Commutator Machines -- 19. D-c Motors -- 20. D-c Generators -- 21. Synchros -- Answers to Problems.
    Abstract: There are good reasons why the subject of electric power engineering, after many years of neglect, is making a comeback in the undergraduate curriculum of many electrical engineering departments. The most obvious is the current public awareness of the "energy crisis. " More fundamental is the concern with social responsibility among college students in general and engineering students in particular. After all, electric power remains one of the cornerstones of our civilization, and the well-publicized problems of ecology, economy, safety, dependability and natural resources management pose ever-growing challenges to the best minds in the engineering community. Before an engineer can successfully involve himself in such problems, he must first be familiar with the main components of electric power systems. This text­ book will assist him in acquiring the necessary familiarity. The course for which this book is mainly intended can be taken by any student who has had some cir­ cuit analysis (using discrete elements, and including sinusoidal steady state) and elementary electromagnetic field theory. Most students taking the course will be in their junior or senior years. Once the course is completed, students may decide to go more deeply into the design and operation of these components and study them on a more advanced level, or they may direct their attention to the problems of the system itself, problems which are only hinted at briefly at various points herein.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9781468436204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 292 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 23 (thesis year 1978) a total of 10,148 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 220 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 23 reports these submitted in 1978, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400995222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition, Revised
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback 35
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Logical Structure and Axiomatization -- II. The Traditional View -- III. The Ramsey View -- IV. The Ramsey View Emended -- V. Theoretical Functions with Special Forms -- VI. Classical Particle Mechanics -- VII. Identity, Equivalence and Reduction -- VIII. The Dynamics of Theories -- Updated Bibliography.
    Abstract: This book is about scientific theories of a particular kind - theories of mathematical physics. Examples of such theories are classical and relativis­ tic particle mechanics, classical electrodynamics, classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Roughly, these are theories in which a certain mathematical structure is employed to make statements about some fragment of the world. Most of the book is simply an elaboration of this rough characterization of theories of mathematical physics. It is argued that each theory of mathematical physics has associated with it a certain characteristic mathematical struc­ ture. This structure may be used in a variety of ways to make empirical claims about putative applications of the theory. Typically - though not necessarily - the way this structure is used in making such claims requires that certain elements in the structure play essentially different roles. Some playa "theoretical" role; others playa "non-theoretical" role. For example, in classical particle mechanics, mass and force playa theoretical role while position plays a non-theoretical role. Some attention is given to showing how this distinction can be drawn and describing precisely the way in which the theoretical and non-theoretical elements function in the claims of the theory. An attempt is made to say, rather precisely, what a theory of mathematical physics is and how you tell one such theory from anothe- what the identity conditions for these theories are.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401733731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 450 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Fractionation in igneous processes -- 2. Compositional variation in magmas -- 3. Phase diagrams — introduction -- 4. Ternary systems — I -- 5. Ternary systems with solid solutions page -- 6. The interpretation of two-element variation diagrams -- 7. Petrographic aspects of volcanic rocks -- 8. Quaternary systems -- 9. Experimental work on natural basaltic and allied rocks -- 10. Water-bearing basic rock systems -- 11. Compositionally zoned magma bodies and their bearing on crystal settling -- 12. Petrographic aspects of plutonic rocks -- 13. The interpretation of data for plutonic rocks -- 14. Trace elements in igneous processes -- 15. The use of isotopes in petrology -- Appendices -- 1. Nomenclature of igneous rocks -- 2. Average major element compositions and CIPW norms of common igneous rock types -- 3. Norm calculations -- Calculation of the CIPW norm -- Molecular norms -- 4. Calculation of plotting parameters for O’Hara (1968) polybaric phase diagram -- 5. Some representative mineral analyses -- Answers to exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Our aim in writing this book is to try to show how igneous rocks can be persuaded to reveal some ofthe secrets of their origins. The data of igneous rocks consist of field relations, texture, mineralogy, and geochemistry. Additionally, experimental petrology tells us how igneous systems might be expected to behave. Working on this material we attempt to show how hypotheses concerning the origins and evolution of magmas are proposed and tested, and thus illuminate the interesting and fundamental problems of petrogenesis. The book assumes a modest knowledge of basic petro­ graphy, mineralogy, classification, and regional igneous geology. It has a role complementary to various established texts, several of which are descriptively good and give wide coverage and evaluation of petrogenetic ideas in various degrees of detail. Existing texts do not on the whole, however, deal with methodology, though this is one of the more important aspects of the subject. At first sight it may appear that the current work is a guidebook for the prospective research worker and thus has little relevance for the non-specialist student of geology. We hope this will prove to be far from the case. The methodological approach has an inherent interest because it can provide the reader with problems he can solve for himself, and as an almost incidental consequence he will acquire a satisfying understanding.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Fractionation in igneous processes2. Compositional variation in magmas -- 3. Phase diagrams - introduction -- 4. Ternary systems - I -- 5. Ternary systems with solid solutions page -- 6. The interpretation of two-element variation diagrams -- 7. Petrographic aspects of volcanic rocks -- 8. Quaternary systems -- 9. Experimental work on natural basaltic and allied rocks -- 10. Water-bearing basic rock systems -- 11. Compositionally zoned magma bodies and their bearing on crystal settling -- 12. Petrographic aspects of plutonic rocks -- 13. The interpretation of data for plutonic rocks -- 14. Trace elements in igneous processes -- 15. The use of isotopes in petrology -- Appendices -- 1. Nomenclature of igneous rocks -- 2. Average major element compositions and CIPW norms of common igneous rock types -- 3. Norm calculations -- Calculation of the CIPW norm -- Molecular norms -- 4. Calculation of plotting parameters for O’Hara (1968) polybaric phase diagram -- 5. Some representative mineral analyses -- Answers to exercises -- References.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468435870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Energy -- Perspective on Pakistan’s Energy Problems -- World Energy Problems -- Long-Term Energy Systems and the Role of Nuclear and Solar Energy -- Laser Produced Nuclear Fusion -- Latest Trends in the Economics of Nuclear Power -- Role of Nuclear Energy with Particular Reference to Western Europe -- Some Topics in Reactor Physics -- Nuclear Non-Proliferation -- Unified Neutron Transport Theory -- II: Physics and Technology -- Amorphous Semiconductors -- Solar Energy Materials -- III: Computational Methods in Physics -- Computational Methods in Physics -- IV: Physics and Frontiers of Knowledge -- Observational Traits of Black Holes in the Optical Band -- The Role of Polarization in Microscopic Physics -- Fundamental Constituents of Matter and Unification of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions -- V: Science and Development -- Science and Development -- Appendix I: List of Invited Seminar Speakers -- Appendix II: List of Seminars -- Appendix III: List of Participants.
    Abstract: These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Third International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 17 - July 5, 1978 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP). It also received a financial grant by the University Grants Commission for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 14 lecturers, 2 invited seminar speakers and 156 participants from 23 countries and consisted of 15 concen­ trated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered there, but the seminars which were held there are listed in the Appendix. This year the college put special emphasis on energy, parti­ cularly on nuclear energy and its role in the context of energy sys­ tems. However the lectures delivered at the college also covered a wide spectrum of physics. The lectures gave an overview of various topics covered at the college and emphasized the inter-disciplinary aspects of physics. Some of the lecturers also indicated the areas where research in developing countries with limited facilities could be carried out. The college had a definite objective of encouraging the physicists, part~cularly those working at the universities, to apply their knowledge of physics and methodology of research to the needs of modern society.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and EnergyPerspective on Pakistan’s Energy Problems -- World Energy Problems -- Long-Term Energy Systems and the Role of Nuclear and Solar Energy -- Laser Produced Nuclear Fusion -- Latest Trends in the Economics of Nuclear Power -- Role of Nuclear Energy with Particular Reference to Western Europe -- Some Topics in Reactor Physics -- Nuclear Non-Proliferation -- Unified Neutron Transport Theory -- II: Physics and Technology -- Amorphous Semiconductors -- Solar Energy Materials -- III: Computational Methods in Physics -- Computational Methods in Physics -- IV: Physics and Frontiers of Knowledge -- Observational Traits of Black Holes in the Optical Band -- The Role of Polarization in Microscopic Physics -- Fundamental Constituents of Matter and Unification of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions -- V: Science and Development -- Science and Development -- Appendix I: List of Invited Seminar Speakers -- Appendix II: List of Seminars -- Appendix III: List of Participants.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400958005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Ecology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Reaching and colonizing islands -- 2.1 Getting there -- 2.2 Establishing a beach-head -- References -- 3 How many species? -- 3.1 Species number and habitat diversity -- 3.2 The effect of area alone -- 3.3 Equilibrium theory -- References -- 4 Islands as experiments in competition -- 4.1 Abundance shifts -- 4.2 Altitudinal shifts -- 4.3 Habitat shifts -- 4.4 Shifts in vertical foraging range -- 4.5 Dietary shifts -- 4.6 Assembly rules for island communities -- References -- 5 The very remote islands -- 5.1 The ancient conifers of New Caledonia -- 5.2 The Honeycreepers of Hawaii -- 5.3 Unresolved problems -- References -- 6 Some dangers of living on an island -- 6.1 The taxon cycle -- 6.2 What drives the cycle? -- References -- 7 Continental habitat islands -- 7.1 Islands of Páramo vegetation -- 7.2 Mountain mammals -- 7.3 Caves of limestone -- 7.4 Goldmines and Pikas -- References -- 8 Island ecology and nature reserves -- 8.1 How many species will a reserve support? -- 8.2 How long does it take to lose species? -- 8.3 Which species will be lost? -- 8.4 The design of reserves -- References -- Map-location of islands mentioned in text.
    Abstract: The islands of the Pacific and East Indies made an enormous and fateful impact on the minds of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, the fathers of modem evolutionary theory. Since then island floras and faunas have continued to playa central role in the development of evolutionary, and more recently ecological thought. For much ofthis century island ecology was a descriptive science and a wealth of information has been amassed on patterns of species distributions, on the composition of island floras and faunas, on the classification of islands into types such as oceanic and continental, on the taxonomic description of insular species and sub-species and on the adaptations, often bizarre, of island creatures. However, biologists are not satisfied for long with the mere collection of data and the description of patterns, but seek unifying theories. Island ecology was transformed into a predictive science by the publication, in 1967, of MacArthur and Wilson's Theory of Island Biogeography. This, perhaps the most influential book written on island ecology, has been the stimulus for a generation of theoretical ecologists and gifted field workers. The books listed below in the bibliography will indicate to the reader the vast scope of island ecology and the changes in approach that have taken place over the years.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461582823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer vision. ; Signal processing. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: General -- Evolution in Image Science -- Trends in Digital Image Processing Research -- Theory -- A 1D Approach to 2D-Signal Processing -- Digital Coding of Television Signals -- Digital Image Analysis -- Application -- Biomedical Image Processing -- The Processing of X-Ray Image Sequences -- Landsat Image Processing -- Image Processing for Document Reproduction -- Image Processing and Computer Graphics -- Model-Driven Vision for Industrial Automation -- Implementation -- Distributed Image Processing -- Parallel Processors for Digital Image Processing -- Large-Scale Vector/Array Processors -- A Low-Cost Image Processing Facility Employing a New Hardware Realization of High-Speed Signal Processors.
    Abstract: Digital image processing, originally established to analyze and improve lunar images, is rapidly growing into a wealth of new appli­ cations, due to the enormous technical progress made in computer engineering. At present, the most important fields of growth appear to emerge in the areas of medical image processing (i. e. tomography, thermography), earth resource inventory (i. e. land usage, minerals), office automation (i. e. document storage, retrieval and reproduction) and industrial production (i. e. computer vision for mechanical ro­ bots). Currently, emphasis is being shifted from signal-processing re­ search and design-innovation activities towards cost-efficient system implementations for interactive digital image processing. For the years ahead, trends in computer engineering indicate still further advances in Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Input/Output (I/O) technologies allowing the implementation of powerful parallel and/or distributed processor architectures for real-time processing of high­ resolution achromatic and color images. In view of the many new developments in the field of digital image processing and recognizing the importance of discussing these developments amongst key scientists that might make use of them, ffiM Germany sponsored an international symposium on 'Advances in Digital Image Processing', held at Bad Neuenahr, Federal Republic of Germany, September 26 - 28, 1978. The interest shown in this symposium encouraged the publi­ cation of the papers presented in this volume of the ffiM Research Symposium Series.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Group IV Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Silicon -- 3 Germanium -- 4 Tin -- 5 Lead -- References: Group IV -- V Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth -- 6 Introduction -- 7 Arsenic -- 8 Antimony -- 9 Bismuth -- References: Group V.
    Abstract: A very large number of organo derivatives is formed by the Group IV ele­ ments silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. In comparing the general properties of these elements, Table 1. 1 shows that the first ionization energies decrease (though not in a regular way) with increase in size and atomic number, con­ sistent with the general increase in metallic character of the elements. Electro­ negativity values (which have been the subject of considerable controversy) show no clear trend. Although purely inorganic compounds of tin(n) and leaden) are well known, almost all organo Group IV derivatives show an oxidation state of IV. Bonds to carbon become weaker on passing from silicon to lead, as do the element-element bonds themselves. With any particular element M (M = Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb), there is a small decrease in bond energy in the order: M-Ph 〉 M - Me 〉 M - Et. Although accurate data for organo derivatives are lacking, strengths of bonds to other elements probably decrease in the order: M-F〉 M-O 〉 M-CI 〉 M-H ~ M-N ~ M-S ~ M-Br 〉 M-I, while for a particular element X, the order is: Si-X 〉 Ge-X 〉 Sn-X 〉 Pb-X. It is therefore understandable that reactions leading to Si-F, Si-O, or Si-CI bonds are especially favoured in a thermodynamic sense.
    Description / Table of Contents: Group IV Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead1 Introduction -- 2 Silicon -- 3 Germanium -- 4 Tin -- 5 Lead -- References: Group IV -- V Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth -- 6 Introduction -- 7 Arsenic -- 8 Antimony -- 9 Bismuth -- References: Group V.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468427301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 579 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Sensory Systems -- 2 Ontogeny of Sensory Systems -- 3 Common Properties of Sensory Systems -- 4 Olfaction -- 5 Visual System: Superior Colliculus -- 6 Vision: Geniculocortical System -- 7 Visual System: Pulvinar-Extrastriate Cortex -- 8 Somatosensory System -- 9 The Vestibular System: Basic Biophysical and Physiological Mechanisms -- 10 Vestibular Function in Normal and in Exceptional Conditions -- 11 Functional Properties of the Auditory System of the Brain Stem -- 12 Auditory Forebrain: Evidence from Anatomical and Behavioral Experiments Involving Human and Animal Subjects -- 13 Gustatory System.
    Abstract: The principal goal of the Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology is a systematic, critical, and timely exposition of those aspects of neuroscience that have direct and immediate bearing on overt behavior. In this first volume, subtitled "Sensory Integration," the subject matter has been subdivided and the authors selected with this particular goal in mind. Although the early chapters (on the phylogeny and ontogeny of sensory systems, and on the common properties of sensory systems) are somewhat too abstract to permit many direct behavioral inferences, the focus on behavior has been maintained there too as closely as is now possible. A behavioral orientation is most obvious in the remaining chapters, which layout for each sensory modality in turn what is now known about structure-behavior relationships. The handbook is primarily intended to serve as a ready reference for two types of readers: first, practicing neuroscientists looking for a concise and authori­ tative treatment of developments outside of their particular specialities; and second, students of one or another branch of neuroscience who need an overview of the persistent questions and current problems surrounding the relation of the perceptual systems to behavior. The requirements imposed by the decision to address these particular audiences are reflected in the scope and style of the chapters as well as in their content.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781461588375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Doctor’s Role in the Evolution of Human Society -- 2 Balancing the Needs of Western Society with its Expectations and Resources -- 3 The Patient’s View of the Doctor’s Job -- 4 The Challenge for Medical Education -- 5 Perspectives for the Future.
    Abstract: This volume contains the edited transcript of the third Totts Gap Colloquium held at Totts Gap, Pennsylvania, June 14-16, 1976. The Colloquium was aimed at sensing and evaluating anticipated pat­ terns of medical responsibility and practice and preparing for im­ minent change - specifically as it will concern the role of the doctor. Recognizing that community values and social behavior are powerful forces affecting health, the participants explored ways in which the physician and the rest of the health care professionals may exert their salutary influence. What are the boundaries in which the doctor can function most usefully and effectively? The problem was examined from the view­ point of the philosopher, the public, the social scientist, the medical educator, the legislator, and the practicing physician. Currently available literature is unidimensional in the sense that it consists largely of essays written from an advocate point of view. In contrast, the participants of this Totts Gap Collo­ quium examined disparate data and opinion in the hope of achieving, insofar as possible, reconciliation and synthesis. The dialogue dealt with values and priorities attached to health and health care by our society and with the shifting perspectives occasioned by rapidly expanding scientific knowledge. Questions of economic choice and of public policy were dealt with, assessing anticipated costs of the various options to the community, as well as their implications for medical education.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Solute transport at the cellular level -- 2.1 Driving forces -- 2.2 Carriers and pumps -- 2.3 Energy sources for active transport -- 2.4 Sensitive cells -- 3 Symplast and apoplast -- 3.1 The parallel pathways -- 3.2 Radial barriers — the endodermis -- 3.3 Transfer cells -- 4 The xylem pathway -- 4.1 Xylem structure -- 4.2 Ion movement in the xylem -- 4.3 Regulation of leaf nutrient content -- 5 The phloem pathway -- 5.1 Experiments to determine the pathway of assimilate translocation -- 5.2 Structural design of the sieve element -- 5.3 Composition of phloem sap -- 5.4 Movement in the phloem -- 5.5 Physiology of the phloem -- 6 Driving forces for long-distance transport -- 6.1 Transpiration and the cohesion theory -- 6.2 Postulated mechanisms for phloem transport -- References.
    Abstract: Plants, in addition to their role as primary synthesizers of organic com­ pounds, have evolved as selective accumulators of inorganic nutrients from the earth's crust. This ability to mine the physical environment is restricted to green plants and some microorganisms, other life forms being direct1y or indirect1y dependent on this process for their supply of mineral nutrients. The initial accumulation of ions by plants is of ten spatially separated from the photosynthetic parts, necessitating the transport to these parts of the inorganic solutes thus acquired. The requirement for energy-rich materials by the accumulation process is provided by a transport in the opposite direction of organic solutes from the photosynthetic areas. These transport phenomena in plants have been studied at the cellular level, the tissue level, and the whole plant level. The basic problems of analysing the driving forces and the supply of energy for solute transport remain the same for alI systems, but the method of approach and the type of results obtained vary widely with the experimental material employed, reflecting the variation of the solute transporting properties which have se1ectively evolved in response to both internal and external environmental pressures.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Optimization problems; introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Transportation network -- 1.3 Production allocation model -- 1.4 Decentralized resource allocation -- 1.5 An inventory model -- 1.6 Control of a rocket -- 1.7 Mathematical formulation -- 1.8 Symbols and conventions -- 1.9 Differentiability -- 1.10 Abstract version of an optimal control problem -- References -- 2 Mathematical techniques -- 2.1 Convex geometry -- 2.2 Convex cones and separation theorems -- 2.3 Critical points -- 2.4 Convex functions -- 2.5 Alternative theorems -- 2.6 Local solvability and linearization -- References -- 3 Linear systems -- 3.1 Linear systems -- 3.2 Lagrangean and duality theory -- 3.3 The simplex method -- 3.4 Some extensions of the simplex method -- References -- 4 Lagrangean theory -- 4.1 Lagrangean theory and duality -- 4.2 Convex nondifferentiable problems -- 4.3 Some applications of convex duality theory -- 4.4 Differentiable problems -- 4.5 Sufficient Lagrangean conditions -- 4.6 Some applications of differentiable Lagrangean theory -- 4.7 Duality for differentiable problems -- 4.8 Converse duality -- References -- 5 Pontryagin theory -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Abstract Hamiltonian theory -- 5.3 Pointwise theorems -- 5.4 Problems with variable endpoint -- References -- 6 Fractional and complex programming -- 6.1 Fractional programming -- 6.2 Linear fractional programming -- 6.3 Nonlinear fractional programming -- 6.4 Algorithms for fractional programming -- 6.5 Optimization in complex spaces -- 6.6 Symmetric duality -- References -- 7 Some algorithms for nonlinear optimization -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Unconstrained minimization -- 7.3 Sequential unconstrained minimization -- 7.4 Feasible direction and projection methods -- 7.5 Lagrangean methods -- 7.6 Quadratic programming by Beale’s method -- 7.7 Decomposition -- References -- Appendices -- A.1 Local solvability -- A.2 On separation and Farkas theorems -- A.3 A zero as a differentiable function -- A.4 Lagrangean conditions when the cone has empty interior -- A.5 On measurable functions -- A.6 Lagrangean theory with weaker derivatives -- A.7 On convex functions.
    Abstract: In a mathematical programming problem, an optimum (maxi­ mum or minimum) of a function is sought, subject to con­ straints on the values of the variables. In the quarter century since G. B. Dantzig introduced the simplex method for linear programming, many real-world problems have been modelled in mathematical programming terms. Such problems often arise in economic planning - such as scheduling industrial production or transportation - but various other problems, such as the optimal control of an interplanetary rocket, are of similar kind. Often the problems involve nonlinear func­ tions, and so need methods more general than linear pro­ gramming. This book presents a unified theory of nonlinear mathe­ matical programming. The same methods and concepts apply equally to 'nonlinear programming' problems with a finite number of variables, and to 'optimal control' problems with e. g. a continuous curve (i. e. infinitely many variables). The underlying ideas of vector space, convex cone, and separating hyperplane are the same, whether the dimension is finite or infinite; and infinite dimension makes very little difference to the proofs. Duality theory - the various nonlinear generaliz­ ations of the well-known duality theorem of linear program­ ming - is found relevant also to optimal control, and the , PREFACE Pontryagin theory for optimal control also illuminates finite dimensional problems. The theory is simplified, and its applicability extended, by using the geometric concept of convex cones, in place of coordinate inequalities.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401724685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 417 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. An outline of the anatomy -- 3. Respiration, circulation and excretion -- 4. Feeding and digestion -- 5. Reproduction and growth -- 6. Endocrinology -- 7. An inventory of the sense organs -- 8. What an octopus sees -- 9. Touch and the role of proprioception in learning -- 10. Effectors and motor control -- 11. Learning and brain lesions: 1: Mainly tactile learning -- 12. Learning and brain lesions: 2: Visual learning -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: between the organ systems of cephalopods and those of less ambitious molluscs. Octopus does, as we would predict, live close to the limits set by its own physiology. The circulation, to take one example, is barely adequate for such an active animal, mainly because of the absence of any system for pack­ aging the blood pigment; haemocyanin in solution is a poor oxygen carrier. Cephalopod blood can transport less than 5 millilitres of oxygen per 100 ml of blood (compared with about 15 vol% in fish) and the whole supercharged system of triple hearts, high blood pressure and pulsating blood vessels succeeds only in returning blood that retains less than 30% of its dissolved oxygen by the time it reaches the gills. This at rest; the effect of exercise is immediate and surprisingly long­ lasting even in octopuses as small as 300 g, which must very swiftly run into oxygen debt when they flee from predators or pursue their prey (Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.4). Digestion, too would seem to be limiting. As with other molluscs, digestion in Octopus is based on secretion­ absorption cycles by a massive diverticulum of the gut, an adequate system in a less hectic past, but scarcely appropriate in a predator that must be an opportunist in the matter of feeding. Octopus feeds mainly at night, and spends a great deal of every day sitting at home.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9781468424874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I Developmental and Educational Practice -- Assessment of Sensory and Behavioral Functions in Infancy -- Growing Up Social -- Memory Strategies in Learning: Training Children to Study Strategically -- Televised Aggression and Prosocial Behavior -- Application of Basic Research in Reading -- Section II Psychological Practice and Social Problems -- Attitude Change -- Decision Counseling: Theory, Research, and Perspectives for a New Professional Role -- Uses and Abuses of the Polygraph -- Section III Clinical Applications of Basic Research -- Introduction—Health Care: Good Intentions Are Not Enough -- The Consequences of Prematurity: Understanding and Therapy -- Early Visual Experience in Humans: Evidence for a Critical Period in the Development of Binocular Vision -- The Production and Perception of Speech by a Misarticulating Child -- Clinical Applications of Biofeedback: Current Status and Future Prospects -- Section IV Application of Psychophysics and Human Performance Information -- Maneuvering the Mammoth -- Applications of Signal Detection Theory -- Subjective Effort in Relation to Physical Performance and Working Capacity -- A Psychophysical Contribution to Air Safety: Simulator Studies of Visual Illusions in Night Visual Approaches.
    Abstract: This book grew out of discussion at the meetings of the Board of Sci­ entific Affair,r of the American Psychological Association during the years 1972 through 1975. Members of the board felt that there was general misunderstanding by the public about the role of basic research in science. The problem was thought to be particularly severe in the case of the behavioral sciences but it appeared to be a reflection of a more general anti-intellectual attitude in the United States. At the same time basic researchers had been admittedly underconcerned with the prac­ tical application of their results. Yet many thoughtful scientists realize there is a very fruitful interplay between basic research and application. The proposal was made to prepare a book of case studies that demon­ strate the application of basic research in psychology. The book was organized to sample applications from a range of topics in psychology. The editorial board divided up responsibilities for these topics. Herschel W. Leibowitz focused on applications from exper­ imental and engineering psychology and Jerome E. Singer organized the section on applications to social problems. Alfred Steinschneider took responsibility for the section on clinical applications of basic research in psychology and Harold W. Stevenson organized the section on appli­ cations of basic research to developmental and educational problems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I Developmental and Educational PracticeAssessment of Sensory and Behavioral Functions in Infancy -- Growing Up Social -- Memory Strategies in Learning: Training Children to Study Strategically -- Televised Aggression and Prosocial Behavior -- Application of Basic Research in Reading -- Section II Psychological Practice and Social Problems -- Attitude Change -- Decision Counseling: Theory, Research, and Perspectives for a New Professional Role -- Uses and Abuses of the Polygraph -- Section III Clinical Applications of Basic Research -- Introduction-Health Care: Good Intentions Are Not Enough -- The Consequences of Prematurity: Understanding and Therapy -- Early Visual Experience in Humans: Evidence for a Critical Period in the Development of Binocular Vision -- The Production and Perception of Speech by a Misarticulating Child -- Clinical Applications of Biofeedback: Current Status and Future Prospects -- Section IV Application of Psychophysics and Human Performance Information -- Maneuvering the Mammoth -- Applications of Signal Detection Theory -- Subjective Effort in Relation to Physical Performance and Working Capacity -- A Psychophysical Contribution to Air Safety: Simulator Studies of Visual Illusions in Night Visual Approaches.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461587927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Stimulating One’s own Creativity -- 2 The Transistor -- Early Semiconductor Research -- The Bell Laboratories Program -- Preparations for the Transistor Announcement -- Patent Precautions -- The Transistor Announcement -- The Benefits -- From Surface States to Solid State -- The Double-Dimple Transistor -- Transistor Applications -- Leaving the Beaten Track -- 3 Electronic Music -- Musical Tones -- Harmonic Analysis -- The First Electric Organ -- The Early Days of Radio -- Radio and Electronic Music -- Electronic Developments -- Pitch Stabilization -- Doctoral Research -- The Formant Concept -- Visible Speech -- Formants and Hallformanten -- Engineering Thesis -- The Baldwin Electronic Organ -- Church Organists’ Views -- Formants and Pipe Organ Mixtures -- Several Electrical Musical Analogues -- Electronic Door Chimes -- Radar and High-Frequency Loudspeakers -- Modern Electronic Music -- 4 Lasers -- The Laser -- Laser Fundamentals -- The Metastable State -- The Two-Step Process -- Gas Lasers -- Semiconductor Lasers -- Alignment -- Distance and Length Measurements -- Lasers in Machine Tool Applications -- Interferometric Detection of Footprints -- Lasers in the Supermarket -- Drilling and Welding Applications -- Identification -- Fabric Cutting -- Medical Applications -- Communicating with Light -- Video Disks -- Laser Fusion -- Interdisciplinary Innovation -- 5 Traits -- Help for the Young -- The Value of Praise and Encouragement -- The Value of Creativity for Children -- Other Traits of Creative Youngsters -- Interest in Problems -- Chess-Playing Traits -- Chess Problem Composing -- Computer Chess -- Music -- Religion -- Authorship -- Age -- Needs -- 6 Waveguides -- Early Radio Transmission -- Microwave Waveguides -- The Waveguide as a Transmission Medium -- Phase and Group Velocities -- Long-Distance Transmission -- Millimeter Wavelengths -- The Circular Electric Mode -- Recent Field Tests -- Waveguides and Coaxial Cables -- Dielectric Waveguides -- Metallic Dielectric Waveguides -- Electron Bunching -- Bunchers and Catchers -- Ideal Bunching -- Klystrons -- Velocity Modulation of Waves -- Radar Breakdown Problems -- Wave Coding -- Corrugated Sound-Wave Waveguides -- Pulse Compression Tests -- Chirp -- Natural Waveguides -- Underwater Waveguides -- The SOFAR Channel -- SOFAR Localization -- Nonexplosive Acoustic Uses -- Acoustic Atmospheric Waveguides -- Waveguide Junctions -- Tee Junctions -- Hybrid Junctions -- The Magic Waveguide Junction -- 7 Lenses -- Velocity Focusing -- A Constant-Thickness Lens -- The Metal Plate Lens -- Stepped Lenses -- Radio Relay -- Foamed Dielectric Lenses -- Wider Bandwidth Needs -- Born’s Light Wave Analysis -- The First Artificial Dielectrics -- Sphere and Disk Dielectrics -- Strip Lenses -- The Transcontinental Relay -- The Bell Transcontinental Circuit -- High Refractive Power Lenses -- Path Length Lenses -- Lenses for Loudspeakers -- Microwave Lenses for Sound -- 8 Communications Satellites -- The First Rockets -- The Intercontinental Missile -- The Reentry Problem -- Sputnik -- Initial U.S. Reactions to Sputnik -- Explorer I -- Apollo 11 -- Communications -- Communications and the Space Program -- Orbiting Satellites -- Geostationary Satellites. -- Domestic Satellites -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- 9 Why Invent? -- Wherewithal -- Renown -- Helping Others -- Eminence -- The Fraternity of Doers -- 10 Radar -- Early History -- The British Beginnings -- The U.S. Beginnings -- Radar Fundamentals -- The Plan Position Display -- The A-Scope Display -- Fire Control Radars -- Other Forms of Military Radar -- Doppler Radar -- Radars for Cars -- Circular Polarization -- An Aircraft-Versus-Submarine Machiavellism -- 11 Holography -- Gabor’s Interdisciplinary Skill -- Holography Fundamentals -- Making a Hologram -- The Complete Hologram Process -- The Hologram of a Scene -- Parallax in Holograms -- Single-Wavelength Nature of Holograms -- Nonoptical Holograms -- Microwave Holograms -- Microwave Holograms and Liquid Crystals -- Ultrasonic Holograms -- Underwater Viewing -- Earth Exploration -- Phase Quadrature -- Laser Holography -- Three-Dimensional Holography -- Information Content -- The Concept of Phase in Holography -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Two Recent Holography Developments -- Gabor’s Clairvoyance -- 12 Picturephone -- Visible Speech -- Real Time Sound Analysis -- The Real Time Analyzer -- From Analyzer to Picturephone -- Transmission Cost -- The Experimental Movie -- The First Picturephone -- The Permanent Record Form -- The Announcement to the Press -- Additional Background Information -- Press Reaction -- The Move to Higher-Quality Pictures -- The First Commercial Service -- The Future -- Peroration.
    Abstract: The economic growth and strength of a nation are directly related to the ability of its people to make discoveries and their ability to transform these discoveries into useful products. Ninety percent of the increase in output per capita in the United States from 1909 to 1949 has been held to be attributable to technological advances. In this book, we examine the ways in which a number of important new technologies came into being and review the characteristic traits of inventors who create new technologies. Ways are suggested that could enable young and old alike to become more creative, and the various benefits they can thereby reap are also discussed. A high level of creativity is an important asset for a nation, and therefore a knowledge of ways to increase inventiveness can be of great value. University of Cincinnati President Warren Bennis has noted that "creativity is something most of us seem to lose, or let atrophy, as we leave childhood."· To "rediscover it," he continues, "we must find ways of re-creating our sense of wondering why, of heightening, even altering, our consciousness." Thus the earlier in life one seeks to enhance his creativity, the more successful the results are likely to be.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Stimulating One’s own Creativity2 The Transistor -- Early Semiconductor Research -- The Bell Laboratories Program -- Preparations for the Transistor Announcement -- Patent Precautions -- The Transistor Announcement -- The Benefits -- From Surface States to Solid State -- The Double-Dimple Transistor -- Transistor Applications -- Leaving the Beaten Track -- 3 Electronic Music -- Musical Tones -- Harmonic Analysis -- The First Electric Organ -- The Early Days of Radio -- Radio and Electronic Music -- Electronic Developments -- Pitch Stabilization -- Doctoral Research -- The Formant Concept -- Visible Speech -- Formants and Hallformanten -- Engineering Thesis -- The Baldwin Electronic Organ -- Church Organists’ Views -- Formants and Pipe Organ Mixtures -- Several Electrical Musical Analogues -- Electronic Door Chimes -- Radar and High-Frequency Loudspeakers -- Modern Electronic Music -- 4 Lasers -- The Laser -- Laser Fundamentals -- The Metastable State -- The Two-Step Process -- Gas Lasers -- Semiconductor Lasers -- Alignment -- Distance and Length Measurements -- Lasers in Machine Tool Applications -- Interferometric Detection of Footprints -- Lasers in the Supermarket -- Drilling and Welding Applications -- Identification -- Fabric Cutting -- Medical Applications -- Communicating with Light -- Video Disks -- Laser Fusion -- Interdisciplinary Innovation -- 5 Traits -- Help for the Young -- The Value of Praise and Encouragement -- The Value of Creativity for Children -- Other Traits of Creative Youngsters -- Interest in Problems -- Chess-Playing Traits -- Chess Problem Composing -- Computer Chess -- Music -- Religion -- Authorship -- Age -- Needs -- 6 Waveguides -- Early Radio Transmission -- Microwave Waveguides -- The Waveguide as a Transmission Medium -- Phase and Group Velocities -- Long-Distance Transmission -- Millimeter Wavelengths -- The Circular Electric Mode -- Recent Field Tests -- Waveguides and Coaxial Cables -- Dielectric Waveguides -- Metallic Dielectric Waveguides -- Electron Bunching -- Bunchers and Catchers -- Ideal Bunching -- Klystrons -- Velocity Modulation of Waves -- Radar Breakdown Problems -- Wave Coding -- Corrugated Sound-Wave Waveguides -- Pulse Compression Tests -- Chirp -- Natural Waveguides -- Underwater Waveguides -- The SOFAR Channel -- SOFAR Localization -- Nonexplosive Acoustic Uses -- Acoustic Atmospheric Waveguides -- Waveguide Junctions -- Tee Junctions -- Hybrid Junctions -- The Magic Waveguide Junction -- 7 Lenses -- Velocity Focusing -- A Constant-Thickness Lens -- The Metal Plate Lens -- Stepped Lenses -- Radio Relay -- Foamed Dielectric Lenses -- Wider Bandwidth Needs -- Born’s Light Wave Analysis -- The First Artificial Dielectrics -- Sphere and Disk Dielectrics -- Strip Lenses -- The Transcontinental Relay -- The Bell Transcontinental Circuit -- High Refractive Power Lenses -- Path Length Lenses -- Lenses for Loudspeakers -- Microwave Lenses for Sound -- 8 Communications Satellites -- The First Rockets -- The Intercontinental Missile -- The Reentry Problem -- Sputnik -- Initial U.S. Reactions to Sputnik -- Explorer I -- Apollo 11 -- Communications -- Communications and the Space Program -- Orbiting Satellites -- Geostationary Satellites. -- Domestic Satellites -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- 9 Why Invent? -- Wherewithal -- Renown -- Helping Others -- Eminence -- The Fraternity of Doers -- 10 Radar -- Early History -- The British Beginnings -- The U.S. Beginnings -- Radar Fundamentals -- The Plan Position Display -- The A-Scope Display -- Fire Control Radars -- Other Forms of Military Radar -- Doppler Radar -- Radars for Cars -- Circular Polarization -- An Aircraft-Versus-Submarine Machiavellism -- 11 Holography -- Gabor’s Interdisciplinary Skill -- Holography Fundamentals -- Making a Hologram -- The Complete Hologram Process -- The Hologram of a Scene -- Parallax in Holograms -- Single-Wavelength Nature of Holograms -- Nonoptical Holograms -- Microwave Holograms -- Microwave Holograms and Liquid Crystals -- Ultrasonic Holograms -- Underwater Viewing -- Earth Exploration -- Phase Quadrature -- Laser Holography -- Three-Dimensional Holography -- Information Content -- The Concept of Phase in Holography -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Two Recent Holography Developments -- Gabor’s Clairvoyance -- 12 Picturephone -- Visible Speech -- Real Time Sound Analysis -- The Real Time Analyzer -- From Analyzer to Picturephone -- Transmission Cost -- The Experimental Movie -- The First Picturephone -- The Permanent Record Form -- The Announcement to the Press -- Additional Background Information -- Press Reaction -- The Move to Higher-Quality Pictures -- The First Commercial Service -- The Future -- Peroration.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Longevity in Man and Animals -- 2 The Emergence of Man -- 3 Geographical Medicine -- 4 Problems of Nutrition -- 5 New Diseases -- 6 Gloom and Doom -- 7 Stress in a Crowded World -- 8 Genetics and Inheritance -- 9 Cardio-Vascular Disease—Horror and Dismay -- 10 Cancer—Ignorance and Fear -- 11 Inflating the Balloon -- Appendix: Stress and Cardio-Vascular Disease.
    Abstract: Environment of Man is the eighth of the Croom Helm series of mono­ graphs on Biology and the Environment. The first volume, by this author, was a straightforward review of the principles of ecology as applied to the history of the earth. The second volume by J.L. Cloudesley-Thompson applied ecological principles to terrestrial habitats, and was followed by two volumes by C. F. Hickling and E. J. Ferguson-Wood on the ecology of aquatic habitats. The fifth volume, by Robert L. Snyder, reviews the natural ecological safeguards which control excessive growth of popUlation and discusses how these are operative in relation to the human race. Snyder's volume introduces man to the ecological scene and leads to the monograph by L. Harrison Matthews on the relationships of man with wildlife. In the seventh volume, Sir Cedric Stanton Hicks introduces us to the effects of agriculture on the ecology of the earth.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Longevity in Man and Animals2 The Emergence of Man -- 3 Geographical Medicine -- 4 Problems of Nutrition -- 5 New Diseases -- 6 Gloom and Doom -- 7 Stress in a Crowded World -- 8 Genetics and Inheritance -- 9 Cardio-Vascular Disease-Horror and Dismay -- 10 Cancer-Ignorance and Fear -- 11 Inflating the Balloon -- Appendix: Stress and Cardio-Vascular Disease.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468425802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Activation of Enzymes with Light -- 2. Radiation Synergism and Antagonism -- 3. The Melanins: Their Synthesis and Structure -- 4. The Role of Mutagenesis in Carcinogenesis -- 5. Physical Properties of Excited States: A General Method for Measuring Triplet-Triplet Extinction Coefficients, Singlet-Triplet Intersystem Crossing Efficiences, and Related Parameters -- 6. Mapping the Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins by Photochemical Techniques -- 7. The Use of Microwaves for the Hyperthermic Treatment of Cancer: Advantages and Disadvantages.
    Abstract: The goals of the science of photobiology can be divided into four categories: to develop (I) ways to optimize the beneficial effects of light on man and his environment, (2) methods to protect organisms, including man, from the detrimental effects of light, (3) photochemical tools for use in studies of life processes, and (4) photochemical therapies in medicine. To achieve these goals will require the knowledgeable collaboration of biologists, chemists, engineers, mathematicians, physicians, and physicists; because photobiology is a truly multidisciplinary science. While a multi­ disciplinary science is more intellectually demanding, it also has a greater potential for unexpected breakthroughs that can occur when data from several areas of science are integrated into new concepts for theoretical or practical use. Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews continues to provide in­ depth coverage of the many specialty areas of photobiology. It is hoped that these reviews will provide an important service to the younger scientists in the field and to senior scientists in related fields, because they provide a ready access to the recent literature in the field, and more importantly, they frequently offer a critical evaluation of the direction that the field is taking, or suggest a redirection when appropriate. Kendric C. Smith Editor vii Contents v Contents of Earlier Volumes ...................................... . Preface ............................................... . vii Chapter 1. The Activation of Enzymes with Light ................... .
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Activation of Enzymes with Light2. Radiation Synergism and Antagonism -- 3. The Melanins: Their Synthesis and Structure -- 4. The Role of Mutagenesis in Carcinogenesis -- 5. Physical Properties of Excited States: A General Method for Measuring Triplet-Triplet Extinction Coefficients, Singlet-Triplet Intersystem Crossing Efficiences, and Related Parameters -- 6. Mapping the Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins by Photochemical Techniques -- 7. The Use of Microwaves for the Hyperthermic Treatment of Cancer: Advantages and Disadvantages.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781461334309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction -- 1 Life’s logic -- Two Growing -- 2 life as an energy transforming system -- 3 Life as a cellular system -- 4 Life as a dynamic steady-state -- 5 On the adaptive significance of growing -- Three Reproduction -- 6 How organisms reproduce -- 7 Quantitative aspects of reproduction -- Four Ageing -- 8 The ageing process -- 9 The cycle reversed -- Five Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index of organisms.
    Abstract: As time progresses, biology becomes more and more fragmented and specialized and it becomes increasingly difficult to see how all the dis- ! parate facts fit together. It is completely proper that biologists should have sought to reduce complex biological wholes into their parts, and it is natural that studies on the products of this reduction should have diverged from more holistic studies on evolution and ecology. Yet the biological parts, what they do and how they are organized are products of an evolutionary process which fits organisms for life in particular ecological circumstances. Physiology, developmental biology, ecology and evolutionary biology must not be allowed to grow too far apart, therefore, because all these disciplines and the way their subject matters interact are crucial to understanding organisms - and it is this, it seems to me, which is the fundamental goal of the biological sciences. This book has been written in the spirit of unification and synthesis. It is, in a sense, a general biology of the organism - not, however, of organisms as static unchanging systems, but of organisms as dynamic entities which progress through a definite cycle of events from birth to maturity. The central theme, therefore, will be the life cycle, and the book is organized around the three main phases which are characteristic of all life cycles; growth (Part II), reproduction (Part III) and ageing (Part IV).
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction1 Life’s logic -- Two Growing -- 2 life as an energy transforming system -- 3 Life as a cellular system -- 4 Life as a dynamic steady-state -- 5 On the adaptive significance of growing -- Three Reproduction -- 6 How organisms reproduce -- 7 Quantitative aspects of reproduction -- Four Ageing -- 8 The ageing process -- 9 The cycle reversed -- Five Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index of organisms.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400996465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers -- 2. Mass Spectrometry -- 3. High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 4. Light Scattering in Synthetic Polymer Systems -- 5. Molecular Dimensions of Amorphous Polymers by Neutron Scattering -- 6. Recent Advances in the Study of Polymers by Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 7. Quantitative Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 8. Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces.
    Abstract: Over two decades ago, !he term characterisation covered just those techniques which measured the properties of polymers in solution in order to determine molecular weight and size. The discoveries of stereoregular polymers and polymer crystals created the need for new and advanced techniques for characterising chain structures and bulk properties. Further demands for new and improved characterisation methods for bulk polymers have resulted from the recent development and exploitation of multi phase polymeric systems, such as polymer blends, block and graft copolymers, and polymer composites. Today, therefore, characterisation is a very important part of polymer science. The polymer chemist must know the chain length, chain microstructure and chain conformation of the polymers he or she has prepared, i. e. the determination of molecular properties. The scientist involved in exploiting polymers in such applications as plastics, elastomers, fibres, surface coatings and adhesives must be informed on the morphology and physical and mechanical behaviour of his or her products, i. e. the determination of bulk and surface properties and their dependence on molecular properties. The techniques required for these determinations now cover an extremely wide field. Our aim has been to review a number of techniques critically and in sufficient depth so that the present state and future potential of each technique may be judged by the reader. Three criteria were used in the selection of techniques. First, we wished to present new methods which have been developed actively in the polymer field during the past five years.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers2. Mass Spectrometry -- 3. High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 4. Light Scattering in Synthetic Polymer Systems -- 5. Molecular Dimensions of Amorphous Polymers by Neutron Scattering -- 6. Recent Advances in the Study of Polymers by Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 7. Quantitative Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 8. Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468468670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- 1 Apples -- 2 Pears -- 3 Dwarfed Apples and Pears -- 4 Peaches -- 5 Cherries -- 6 Plums -- 7 Apricots and Nectarines.
    Abstract: This is a revised and updated edition of the book Tree Fruit Production, first published in 1959 and extensively revised in the second edition in 1972. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the scientific production and handling of deciduous tree fruits in North America. This third edition brings together in up-to-date usable text­ book form the essence of pertinent research and practical experience on the subject. Although the principles involved in the different operations of orchard management, such as pruning, soil management, fruit thin­ ning, and harvesting remain constant, practices and techniques have been undergoing considerable change. Economic and social changes have been brought to bear in altering the approach to such aspects of pomology as tree size, plant density, mechanical harvesting, pest control and irrigation. Greatly increased costs of production have swung the emphasis of attention toward the wider use of organic chemicals in the orchard. Growth regulating substances are finding a place in the orchard, not only for fruit thinning, preharvest drop control and weed suppression, but also for other purposes such as promotion of early flowering, tree train­ ing, pruning and the advancement and extension of the harvest season. The trend toward the smaller, more easily and economically managed apple tree which began slowly some three or more decades ago and increased rapidly in subsequent years is now complete.
    Description / Table of Contents: Content1 Apples -- 2 Pears -- 3 Dwarfed Apples and Pears -- 4 Peaches -- 5 Cherries -- 6 Plums -- 7 Apricots and Nectarines.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9781468424751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation: UV-A in Perspective -- 2 Sources of UV-A -- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Summary -- Artificial Sources of UV-A -- Ultraviolet Spectral Transmission and Reflection of Common Materials -- References -- 3 Radiometry of Ultraviolet Radiation -- and General Considerations of Radiometry -- Detectors -- Spectral Filters and Input Optics -- Appendix: U.S. Manufacturers of UV-Related Instrumentation -- 4 Optical Properties of the Skin and Eyes -- Structure of the Skin -- Factors Affecting Penetration and Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Skin -- Measurements of the Penetration and Reflection of Optical Radiation in Skin -- Ultraviolet Optics for the Eye -- References -- 5 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microorganisms and Animal Cells -- Effect of Ultraviolet on Cells -- DNA Repair -- Effects of UV-A -- Summary -- References -- 6 Immediate and Short-Term Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Normal Skin -- Erythema -- Histology -- UV and Epidermal Macromolecular Synthesis -- Effects of UV-A on Mucous Membrane -- Tanning -- References -- 7 Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to UV-A -- Chemical Photosensitivity -- Persistent Light Reactivity -- Actinic Reticuloid -- Polymorphous Light Eruption -- Solar Urticaria -- Porphyrias and Other Endogenous Photosensitization Syndromes -- Melasma and Ephelides -- Management of U V-A-Induced Dermatoses -- References -- 8 Skin Aging and Carcinogenesis Due to Ultraviolet Radiation -- Incidence of Skin Cancers in Man -- Epidemiologic Evidence Supporting the Role of Sunlight -- Mechanisms of UV Carcinogenesis -- Action Spectrum of Animal Photocarcinogenesis and the Carcinogenic Effects of UV-A -- Other Factors Influencing or Associated with Development of Skin Cancer -- Ultraviolet Radiation and Aging -- References -- 9 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Eye -- Morphology and Histology of the Cornea and the Lens -- Histologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Action Spectrum of Ocular Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Corneal and Lenticular Effects of Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation -- Effects of U V-A in the Retina -- The Ocular Effects of UV-A Exposure in the Presence of Photosensitizing Compounds (Psoralens) -- Summary: UV-A Exposure of the Eye -- References -- 10 Uses of UV-A Involving Exposure of Humans -- Therapeutic Uses of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Ultraviolet Treatment of Psoriasis -- Photochemotherapy -- Oral Psoralen Photochemotherapy -- UV-A-Activated Polymerization of Resinous Dental Restorations -- Diagnostic Uses of UV-A -- References -- 11 Safety Measures and Protection Against Ultraviolet Exposure -- Ultraviolet Exposure Safety Standards -- Sunscreens -- Eye Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation -- References.
    Abstract: The origin of this text was a request by industry and government to summarize the biological effects and to estimate the limits of safe exposure to longwave ul­ traviolet radiation. The specific issue was the safety of a small medium-pressure mercury arc designed to emit UV-A (NUVA-Lite, L. D. Caulk Co. , Milford, Delaware) for photopolymerization of resinous fillings used in dentistry. How-­ ever, the context grew to become a consideration of the risks and benefits to hu­ mans of electromagnetic radiation between the biologically active short UV and the visible spectrum. We have accumulated data from our own experimental work and from the literature and have attempted to put this information in the perspective of known biologic effects of ultraviolet radiation as it influences hu­ mans. Interest in the biological effects of longwave ultraviolet radiation is increas­ ing in all of the many scientific disciplines that make up the complex field of photobiology. In order to minimize the chance for error and personal prejudice and to maximize the use of expertise, each chapter has been reviewed by several authorities. Some of the contributions of this group led to significant alterations and creative additions to the chapter, and these persons deserve not only our sin­ cere gratitude but also recognition by the reader. These include Chapters 2 and 3: Dr. Robert E. Levin, Mr. Charles P. Comeau, Mr. Donald Gonser, Dr. David Sliney; Chapter 5: Dr. Jerry Williams, Dr. Robert Webb, Dr. Madhu A.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation: UV-A in Perspective2 Sources of UV-A -- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Summary -- Artificial Sources of UV-A -- Ultraviolet Spectral Transmission and Reflection of Common Materials -- References -- 3 Radiometry of Ultraviolet Radiation -- and General Considerations of Radiometry -- Detectors -- Spectral Filters and Input Optics -- Appendix: U.S. Manufacturers of UV-Related Instrumentation -- 4 Optical Properties of the Skin and Eyes -- Structure of the Skin -- Factors Affecting Penetration and Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Skin -- Measurements of the Penetration and Reflection of Optical Radiation in Skin -- Ultraviolet Optics for the Eye -- References -- 5 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microorganisms and Animal Cells -- Effect of Ultraviolet on Cells -- DNA Repair -- Effects of UV-A -- Summary -- References -- 6 Immediate and Short-Term Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Normal Skin -- Erythema -- Histology -- UV and Epidermal Macromolecular Synthesis -- Effects of UV-A on Mucous Membrane -- Tanning -- References -- 7 Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to UV-A -- Chemical Photosensitivity -- Persistent Light Reactivity -- Actinic Reticuloid -- Polymorphous Light Eruption -- Solar Urticaria -- Porphyrias and Other Endogenous Photosensitization Syndromes -- Melasma and Ephelides -- Management of U V-A-Induced Dermatoses -- References -- 8 Skin Aging and Carcinogenesis Due to Ultraviolet Radiation -- Incidence of Skin Cancers in Man -- Epidemiologic Evidence Supporting the Role of Sunlight -- Mechanisms of UV Carcinogenesis -- Action Spectrum of Animal Photocarcinogenesis and the Carcinogenic Effects of UV-A -- Other Factors Influencing or Associated with Development of Skin Cancer -- Ultraviolet Radiation and Aging -- References -- 9 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Eye -- Morphology and Histology of the Cornea and the Lens -- Histologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Action Spectrum of Ocular Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Corneal and Lenticular Effects of Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation -- Effects of U V-A in the Retina -- The Ocular Effects of UV-A Exposure in the Presence of Photosensitizing Compounds (Psoralens) -- Summary: UV-A Exposure of the Eye -- References -- 10 Uses of UV-A Involving Exposure of Humans -- Therapeutic Uses of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Ultraviolet Treatment of Psoriasis -- Photochemotherapy -- Oral Psoralen Photochemotherapy -- UV-A-Activated Polymerization of Resinous Dental Restorations -- Diagnostic Uses of UV-A -- References -- 11 Safety Measures and Protection Against Ultraviolet Exposure -- Ultraviolet Exposure Safety Standards -- Sunscreens -- Eye Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation -- References.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781468469851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Keynote Papers -- Session I. Production and Extraction of Microbial Enzymes -- Session II. Industrial Applications of Enzymes: Engineering Aspects -- Session III. Study of Modified, Stabilized, and Immobilized Enzymes -- Session IV. New Medical Applications for Enzymes -- Session V. Industrial Applications for Enzymes: State of the Art -- Session VI. Multienzyme Systems, Immobilized Whole Cells, and Organelles -- Session VII. Fundamentals of Solid Phase Biochemistry -- Session VIII. Application of Affinity Methods and New Purification Procedures -- Guidelines for the Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes: A Proposal -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The unique catalytic properties of enzymes and the numerous techniques for immobilization of enzymes and cells continue to maintain a high degree of practical and scientific interest in this area called Enzyme Engineering. This fourth International Enzyme Engineering Confer­ ence was the first to be held outside of the United States. Europe was chosen as the site primarily to en­ able greater participation by investigators from that continent. The Engineering Foundation of New York, which was the principal sponsor of the first three conferences, was most fortunate in having the DECHEMA (Deutsche Gesell­ schaft fur chemisches Apparatewesen e. V.) of Frankfurt (Main), F. R. Germany as the cosponsor for this fourth conference. The success of the conference also was due in large part to the generous financial support, especially by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as by European enzyme and chemical companies. The fourth conference, held September 25-30, 1977 at Bad Neuenahr, Federal Republic of Germany was certainly successful, with 240 participants from 23 countries, repre­ senting many academic disciplines and occupational special­ ties. At this conference special emphasis was placed on the immobilization of whole cells and organelles, medical applications of immobilized enzymes and organelles, and the industrial status and future for immobilized biological materials.
    Description / Table of Contents: Keynote PapersSession I. Production and Extraction of Microbial Enzymes -- Session II. Industrial Applications of Enzymes: Engineering Aspects -- Session III. Study of Modified, Stabilized, and Immobilized Enzymes -- Session IV. New Medical Applications for Enzymes -- Session V. Industrial Applications for Enzymes: State of the Art -- Session VI. Multienzyme Systems, Immobilized Whole Cells, and Organelles -- Session VII. Fundamentals of Solid Phase Biochemistry -- Session VIII. Application of Affinity Methods and New Purification Procedures -- Guidelines for the Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes: A Proposal -- List of Participants.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Development of the Sports Car -- Motor sport -- The sports car -- The history of the sports car -- The first sports car -- The fabulous years -- Historic sports cars -- The future of the sports car -- 2 The Engine: Combustion -- Cylinder head history -- Combustion chamber research -- Volumetric efficiency -- Knock -- Limiting compression ratio -- Types of combustion chamber -- 3 The Engine: Induction and Exhaust -- The induction system -- The 4-cylinder in-line engine -- The 6-cylinder in-line engine -- The V-8 engine -- Ramming induction pipes -- Ramming pipe theory -- Forward-ram intakes -- Cold-air intakes -- The exhaust system -- The silencer -- Ramming exhaust pipes -- Branched exhaust pipes -- 4 The Engine: Valve Gear -- Push-rod valve operation -- Double overhead valve operation -- Single overhead camshaft head -- The four-valve head -- Desmodromic operation -- 5 The Engine: Fuel Metering -- The carburettor -- The S.U. principle -- The H.I.F. model -- Fuel injection -- Lucas electronic fuel injection -- Bosch K-Jetronic mechanical system -- 6 The Engine: Miscellaneous Components -- The crankcase -- The crankshaft -- Crankshaft bearings: bearing pressures: bearing materials -- General lubrication -- Pistons -- Cooling: air cooling: water cooling -- The ignition system: sparking plugs: the conventional coil ignition: new ignition developments -- 7 Road-Holding -- Tyres: the grip on the road: the tyre footprint -- Cornering power -- Tyre construction -- Aquaplaning -- Cornering behaviour: oversteer and understeer: rear wheel drive: front wheel drive: braking -- The mid-engined sports car -- Factors leading to understeer -- 8 The Suspension -- Springs -- Pitching -- Independent suspension -- Shimmy and tramp -- Representative designs: Jaguar, Porsche, Datsun, Aston Martin -- The suspension damper: double-tube damper: single tube damper -- 9 The Chassis, Frame and Body -- Materials -- Torsional stiffness -- The tubular frame -- Unitary body-chassis construction -- The backbone chassis -- The shape of the body: drag coefficients, lift at high speed, the air dam, directional stability at high speed -- 10 The Transmission -- Torque multiplication -- The gear ratios -- The overdrive -- Synchromesh -- The automatic transmission -- The clutch -- The final drive -- Universal joints -- The limited slip differential -- 11 The Brakes -- The grip on the road -- Braking forces -- Weight transference under braking -- Brake fade -- Disc brakes: disc brakes for the high-speed sports car, pad materials -- 12 Performance -- Standards of performance -- The meaning of power -- Acceleration: acceleration times for 0–60 m.p.h., the concept of effective mass -- Maximum speed -- 13 The Sports Car in the Future -- The Engine: promising alternatives, the gas turbine, rotating combustion engines, the Diesel engine, the Stirling engine, the steam engine -- Petrol engine developments: stratified charge: turbocharging: air fuel ratio control -- The transmission -- Tyres and suspension: no-roll suspension -- Braking -- The long-life car -- 14 Design Studies -- The Jaguar -- The Lotus -- The Mercedes -- The Porsche.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Development of the Sports CarMotor sport -- The sports car -- The history of the sports car -- The first sports car -- The fabulous years -- Historic sports cars -- The future of the sports car -- 2 The Engine: Combustion -- Cylinder head history -- Combustion chamber research -- Volumetric efficiency -- Knock -- Limiting compression ratio -- Types of combustion chamber -- 3 The Engine: Induction and Exhaust -- The induction system -- The 4-cylinder in-line engine -- The 6-cylinder in-line engine -- The V-8 engine -- Ramming induction pipes -- Ramming pipe theory -- Forward-ram intakes -- Cold-air intakes -- The exhaust system -- The silencer -- Ramming exhaust pipes -- Branched exhaust pipes -- 4 The Engine: Valve Gear -- Push-rod valve operation -- Double overhead valve operation -- Single overhead camshaft head -- The four-valve head -- Desmodromic operation -- 5 The Engine: Fuel Metering -- The carburettor -- The S.U. principle -- The H.I.F. model -- Fuel injection -- Lucas electronic fuel injection -- Bosch K-Jetronic mechanical system -- 6 The Engine: Miscellaneous Components -- The crankcase -- The crankshaft -- Crankshaft bearings: bearing pressures: bearing materials -- General lubrication -- Pistons -- Cooling: air cooling: water cooling -- The ignition system: sparking plugs: the conventional coil ignition: new ignition developments -- 7 Road-Holding -- Tyres: the grip on the road: the tyre footprint -- Cornering power -- Tyre construction -- Aquaplaning -- Cornering behaviour: oversteer and understeer: rear wheel drive: front wheel drive: braking -- The mid-engined sports car -- Factors leading to understeer -- 8 The Suspension -- Springs -- Pitching -- Independent suspension -- Shimmy and tramp -- Representative designs: Jaguar, Porsche, Datsun, Aston Martin -- The suspension damper: double-tube damper: single tube damper -- 9 The Chassis, Frame and Body -- Materials -- Torsional stiffness -- The tubular frame -- Unitary body-chassis construction -- The backbone chassis -- The shape of the body: drag coefficients, lift at high speed, the air dam, directional stability at high speed -- 10 The Transmission -- Torque multiplication -- The gear ratios -- The overdrive -- Synchromesh -- The automatic transmission -- The clutch -- The final drive -- Universal joints -- The limited slip differential -- 11 The Brakes -- The grip on the road -- Braking forces -- Weight transference under braking -- Brake fade -- Disc brakes: disc brakes for the high-speed sports car, pad materials -- 12 Performance -- Standards of performance -- The meaning of power -- Acceleration: acceleration times for 0-60 m.p.h., the concept of effective mass -- Maximum speed -- 13 The Sports Car in the Future -- The Engine: promising alternatives, the gas turbine, rotating combustion engines, the Diesel engine, the Stirling engine, the steam engine -- Petrol engine developments: stratified charge: turbocharging: air fuel ratio control -- The transmission -- Tyres and suspension: no-roll suspension -- Braking -- The long-life car -- 14 Design Studies -- The Jaguar -- The Lotus -- The Mercedes -- The Porsche.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468433456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Technology -- Surfaces and Interfaces in Semiconductor Technology -- Semiconductor Devices in Perspective — Discovery of and Recent Developments in Tunneling Devices -- A Short Introduction to the Physics of Sol-Gel Transitions -- Lasers and Applications -- Applications of Algebra and Geometry in Applied Systems Theory -- II Energy Resources and Earth Physics -- Magnetic Fusion Energy -- Feasibility Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion -- Wind Energy -- Ocean Waves -- Seismology -- III Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- Gauge Unification of the Four Fundamental Forces -- Monopoles and Instantons: Classical Solutions to Quantum Mechanical Equations -- Cosmology Today -- Report on Some Aspects of the Scientific Programmes of the European Space Agency -- Appendix I: List of Invited Seminar Speakers -- Appendix II: List of Seminars -- Appendix III: List of Participants.
    Abstract: These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Second International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 20 - July 7, 1977 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organised by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP). It also received a financial grant by the University Grants Commission for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 13 lecturers, 7 invited semi­ nar speakers and 134 participants from 26 countries and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars-and informal discu­ ssions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered there but. the seminars which were held are listed in the Appendix. The theme of the college covered two important aspects of science in general and physics in particular: first to provide to the participants from developing countries some of the excitement of what is happening at the frontiers of physics; secondly as the name of the college emphasises it was to encourage the physicists from developing countries to interest themselves in and to use their knowledge and methodology of research for attacking some of the problems faced by their respective countries. The lectures delivered at the college covered a wide spectrum of physics and indicated similarity of methodology used in various branches of physics as well as practical applications of some of the topics discussed.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and TechnologySurfaces and Interfaces in Semiconductor Technology -- Semiconductor Devices in Perspective - Discovery of and Recent Developments in Tunneling Devices -- A Short Introduction to the Physics of Sol-Gel Transitions -- Lasers and Applications -- Applications of Algebra and Geometry in Applied Systems Theory -- II Energy Resources and Earth Physics -- Magnetic Fusion Energy -- Feasibility Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion -- Wind Energy -- Ocean Waves -- Seismology -- III Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- Gauge Unification of the Four Fundamental Forces -- Monopoles and Instantons: Classical Solutions to Quantum Mechanical Equations -- Cosmology Today -- Report on Some Aspects of the Scientific Programmes of the European Space Agency -- Appendix I: List of Invited Seminar Speakers -- Appendix II: List of Seminars -- Appendix III: List of Participants.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400958043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- 1 Some Common Types of Investigation -- 2 Measurement -- 3 Some Simple Descriptive Statistics -- 4 Elementary Sampling Theory -- 5 Elementary Concepts of Probability -- 6 Contingency Tables and Tests of Association -- 7 Correlation and Regression -- 8 Simple Tests of Significance -- 9 Analysis of Variance -- 10 Recording Data on Punch Cards -- Appendix 1 The Normal Distribution Function -- References.
    Abstract: For many years now I have been required to give a series of elementary lectures on statistics to medical students about to undertake a postgraduate course in psychiatry. The declared aim of the course, for which very limited time was available, was to provide the students with some initial understanding of the statistical terminology and elementary techniques to which other teachers, in particular psychologists and sociologists, would be likely to refer in the course of their lectures. The task was tricky for two reasons. In the first place most of the students involved, despite their best intentions, had forgotten their school mathematics, and secondly no textbook existed at the right level of difficulty which contained examples appropriate to these students' needs and experience. The present book was written to fill the gap. Though pri­ marily intended for psychiatrists, the book should prove very useful to any student of the behavioural sciences who wants a simple introductory course on the principles of experimental design and data analysis. It must be one of the simplest text­ books on elementary statistics ever written. I am indebted to the literary executor of the late Sir Ronald A. Fisher, F.R.S., to Dr Frank Yates, F.R.S., and to Oliver & Boyd Ltd for permission to reprint Tables 3 and 5 from their book Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1 Some Common Types of Investigation -- 2 Measurement -- 3 Some Simple Descriptive Statistics -- 4 Elementary Sampling Theory -- 5 Elementary Concepts of Probability -- 6 Contingency Tables and Tests of Association -- 7 Correlation and Regression -- 8 Simple Tests of Significance -- 9 Analysis of Variance -- 10 Recording Data on Punch Cards -- Appendix 1 The Normal Distribution Function -- References.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9781461575450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 452 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: This is the second volume on "Optical Information Processing" within the scope of the US-USSR Science Cooperation Program co­ sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and the USSR Acad­ emy of Sciences Siberian Branch. Volume I was published in 1976, also by Plenum Press, and con­ tained the papers presented by a group of US and USSR scientists at the First US-USSR Science Cooperation Seminar "Optical Informa­ tion Processing" held at the US National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D. C. from 16 to 20 June 1975. The seminar was followed by a series of visits to US scientific research laboratories and universities, to which the visiting USSR scientists were escorted bv Dr. W. E. Kock and Dr. G. W. Stroke. The visits included Bell Laboratories, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory and M. I. T. , as reported in detail in the FOREWORD of Volume I. Volume II now presents the papers presented by another group of US and USSR scientists, some having participated in the first seminar: this series of papers was presented at the Second US-USSR Science Cooperation Seminar on "Optical Information Processing" held at the USSR Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Institute of Auto­ mation and Electrometry in the famous "science city" of Akademgorodok, near Novosibirsk in Siberia, USSR from 10 to 16 July 1976.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034865470
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (II, 107 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Systems Research / Interdisziplinäre Systemforschung, Analysis - Modeling - Simulation / Analyse - Formalisierung - Simulation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 62
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401095419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Early muscle development -- 1.1 Early stages of muscle fibre development -- 1.2 Lack of specialization of myotubes -- 1.3 The dependance of the structural integrity of the developing muscle fibres on innervation -- 2 Development of the motor nerves and their encounter with muscle fibres -- 2.1 Origin of motor nerve fibres and their growth into the periphery -- 2.2 Development of nerves and muscles and their interdependence -- 2.3 Development of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 2.4 Are nerve-muscle connections specified? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Development of the neuromuscular junction -- 3.1 Distribution of ACh receptors during early development -- 3.2 Stabilization of chemosensitivity at the neuromuscular junction -- 3.3 Development of the subneural apparatus -- 3.4 Formation of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 3.5 Changes of chemosensitivity outside the endplate -- 3.6 Maintenance of endplate chemosensitivity -- 3.7 Pattern of innervation of muscle fibres -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Differentiation of skeletal muscle fibres -- 4.1 The muscles of lower vertebrates and birds -- 4.2 Mammalian muscles -- 4.3 How is differentiation into different fibre types induced? -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 5 The effects of denervation on muscle fibre properties and the regulation of chemosensitivity -- 5.1 Morphological changes following denervation -- 5.2 Metabolic changes in denervated muscles -- 5.3 Changes in contractile properties of denervated muscle -- 5.4 Changes in electrical properties of the membrane on denervation -- 5.5 Changes of chemosensitivity at the endplate -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 6 Re-innervation of the muscle by its motor nerve -- 6.1 Nerve growth -- 6.2 Establishment of nerve-muscle connections by the regenerating nerve fibre -- 6.3 Maturation of the regenerated axon and recovery of the muscle -- 6.4 Effects of muscle on normal and regenerating motor nerve terminals -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 The mammalian motor unit -- 7.1 Specialization of motoneurones -- 7.2 Matching properties of different motoneurones to the muscle fibres they supply -- 7.3 Specialization of the vascular bed of slow and fast mammalian muscles -- 7.4 How is the matching of muscle fibres to their motoneurones brought about? -- 7.5 Development of the motor unit -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Plasticity in the neuromuscular system -- 8.1 Can different skeletal muscle fibres be transformed from one type to another? -- 8.2 Can the characteristic properties of neurones and their terminals be altered? -- 8.3 Specificity of nerve-muscle connections -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 Some examples of disturbances of nerve-muscle interactions -- 9.1 Disturbances caused by a change in the function of the motoneurone -- 9.2 Consequences of disease of the motoneurone, or axon -- 9.3 Disturbance due to disease of the neuromuscular junction -- 9.4 Disease of the muscle -- 9.5 Retrograde influences on the motoneurone -- References.
    Abstract: In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Early muscle development1.1 Early stages of muscle fibre development -- 1.2 Lack of specialization of myotubes -- 1.3 The dependance of the structural integrity of the developing muscle fibres on innervation -- 2 Development of the motor nerves and their encounter with muscle fibres -- 2.1 Origin of motor nerve fibres and their growth into the periphery -- 2.2 Development of nerves and muscles and their interdependence -- 2.3 Development of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 2.4 Are nerve-muscle connections specified? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Development of the neuromuscular junction -- 3.1 Distribution of ACh receptors during early development -- 3.2 Stabilization of chemosensitivity at the neuromuscular junction -- 3.3 Development of the subneural apparatus -- 3.4 Formation of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 3.5 Changes of chemosensitivity outside the endplate -- 3.6 Maintenance of endplate chemosensitivity -- 3.7 Pattern of innervation of muscle fibres -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Differentiation of skeletal muscle fibres -- 4.1 The muscles of lower vertebrates and birds -- 4.2 Mammalian muscles -- 4.3 How is differentiation into different fibre types induced? -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 5 The effects of denervation on muscle fibre properties and the regulation of chemosensitivity -- 5.1 Morphological changes following denervation -- 5.2 Metabolic changes in denervated muscles -- 5.3 Changes in contractile properties of denervated muscle -- 5.4 Changes in electrical properties of the membrane on denervation -- 5.5 Changes of chemosensitivity at the endplate -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 6 Re-innervation of the muscle by its motor nerve -- 6.1 Nerve growth -- 6.2 Establishment of nerve-muscle connections by the regenerating nerve fibre -- 6.3 Maturation of the regenerated axon and recovery of the muscle -- 6.4 Effects of muscle on normal and regenerating motor nerve terminals -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 The mammalian motor unit -- 7.1 Specialization of motoneurones -- 7.2 Matching properties of different motoneurones to the muscle fibres they supply -- 7.3 Specialization of the vascular bed of slow and fast mammalian muscles -- 7.4 How is the matching of muscle fibres to their motoneurones brought about? -- 7.5 Development of the motor unit -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Plasticity in the neuromuscular system -- 8.1 Can different skeletal muscle fibres be transformed from one type to another? -- 8.2 Can the characteristic properties of neurones and their terminals be altered? -- 8.3 Specificity of nerve-muscle connections -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 Some examples of disturbances of nerve-muscle interactions -- 9.1 Disturbances caused by a change in the function of the motoneurone -- 9.2 Consequences of disease of the motoneurone, or axon -- 9.3 Disturbance due to disease of the neuromuscular junction -- 9.4 Disease of the muscle -- 9.5 Retrograde influences on the motoneurone -- References.
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  • 63
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461589396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 458 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section VIII: Research Procedures and Data Analysis -- 1 Techniques for Cytogenetic Analysis -- 2 Mutation Testing Systems -- 3 Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture as Teratologic Tools -- 4 Whole Embryo Explants and Transplants -- 5 Survey of in Vitro Systems: Their Potential Use in Teratogenicity Screening -- 6 The Structure and Uses of Genetically Homogeneous Lines of Animals -- 7 Multigeneration Reproduction Studies -- 8 The Design of Subprimate Animal Studies -- 9 Feasibility and Design of Subhuman Primate Studies -- 10 Uterine Vascular Interruption and Combined Radiation and Surgical Procedures -- 11 Analytical Techniques for the Study of Teratogenic Mechanisms -- 12 Immunological Aspects of Development -- 13 Behavioral Teratology -- 14 Methods and Concepts of Biometrics Applied to Teratology -- of the Complete Handbook (Volumes 1–4).
    Description / Table of Contents: Section VIII: Research Procedures and Data Analysis1 Techniques for Cytogenetic Analysis -- 2 Mutation Testing Systems -- 3 Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture as Teratologic Tools -- 4 Whole Embryo Explants and Transplants -- 5 Survey of in Vitro Systems: Their Potential Use in Teratogenicity Screening -- 6 The Structure and Uses of Genetically Homogeneous Lines of Animals -- 7 Multigeneration Reproduction Studies -- 8 The Design of Subprimate Animal Studies -- 9 Feasibility and Design of Subhuman Primate Studies -- 10 Uterine Vascular Interruption and Combined Radiation and Surgical Procedures -- 11 Analytical Techniques for the Study of Teratogenic Mechanisms -- 12 Immunological Aspects of Development -- 13 Behavioral Teratology -- 14 Methods and Concepts of Biometrics Applied to Teratology -- of the Complete Handbook (Volumes 1-4).
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468408140
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 634 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Developmental Biology -- 1 Adaptive Mechanisms of Growth Control -- 2 Human Biochemical Development -- 3 Developmental Pharmacology -- 4 Glimpses of Comparative Growth and Development -- II Biometrical Methods in Human Growth -- 5 Statistics of Growth Standards -- 6 Sampling for Growth Studies -- 7 The Mathematical Handling of Long-Term Longitudinal Data -- III Genetics -- 8 Introduction to Genetic Analysis -- 9 The Genetics of Human Fetal Growth -- 10 The Genetics of Birth Weight -- 11 The Genetics of Adult Stature -- 12 The Genetics of Maturational Processes -- IV Prenatal Growth -- 13 Anatomy of the Placenta -- 14 Physiology of the Placenta -- 15 Fetal Measurements -- 16 Implications for Growth in Human Twins -- 17 Association of Fetal Growth with Maternal Nutrition -- 18 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Amino Acid Metabolism in the Pregnant Woman and Fetus -- 19 Pre- and Perinatal Endocrinology -- 20 Development of Immune Responsiveness -- 21 Fetal Growth; Obstetric Implications.
    Abstract: Growth, as we conceive it, is the study of change in an organism not yet mature. Differential growth creates form: external form through growth rates which vary from one part of the body to another and one tissue to another; and internal form through the series of time-entrained events which build up in each cell the special­ ized complexity of its particular function. We make no distinction, then, between growth and development, and if we have not included accounts of differentiation it is simply because we had to draw a quite arbitrary line somewhere. It is only rather recently that those involved in pediatrics and child health have come to realize that growth is the basic science peculiar to their art. It is a science which uses and incorporates the traditional disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology. It is indeed apart ofbiology, and the study of human growth is a part of the curriculum of the rejuvenated science of Human Biology. What growth is not is aseries of charts of height and weight. Growth standards are useful and necessary, and their construction is by no means void of intellectualchallenge. Theyare a basic instrument in pediatric epidemiology. But they do not appear in this book, any more than clinical accounts of growth disorders. This appears to be the first large handbook-in three volumes-devoted to Human Growth. Smaller textbooks on the subject began to appear in the late nineteenth century, some written by pediatricians and some by anthropologists.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Developmental Biology1 Adaptive Mechanisms of Growth Control -- 2 Human Biochemical Development -- 3 Developmental Pharmacology -- 4 Glimpses of Comparative Growth and Development -- II Biometrical Methods in Human Growth -- 5 Statistics of Growth Standards -- 6 Sampling for Growth Studies -- 7 The Mathematical Handling of Long-Term Longitudinal Data -- III Genetics -- 8 Introduction to Genetic Analysis -- 9 The Genetics of Human Fetal Growth -- 10 The Genetics of Birth Weight -- 11 The Genetics of Adult Stature -- 12 The Genetics of Maturational Processes -- IV Prenatal Growth -- 13 Anatomy of the Placenta -- 14 Physiology of the Placenta -- 15 Fetal Measurements -- 16 Implications for Growth in Human Twins -- 17 Association of Fetal Growth with Maternal Nutrition -- 18 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Amino Acid Metabolism in the Pregnant Woman and Fetus -- 19 Pre- and Perinatal Endocrinology -- 20 Development of Immune Responsiveness -- 21 Fetal Growth; Obstetric Implications.
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  • 65
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401160568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1.Introduction -- 2.Basic Oscillator Theory -- 3.Methods of Design -- 3.1.Experimental Method of Design -- 3.2.Y-Parameter Method of Design -- 3.3.Power Gain Method of Design -- 3.4.Nonlinear Modifications -- 4.Oscillator Frequency Stability -- 4.1.Temperature Effects of Frequency -- 4.2.Long-Term Frequency Drift -- 4.3.Short-Term Frequency Stability -- 5.Quartz Crystal Resonators -- 5.1.Load Capacitance -- 5.2.Pin-To-Pin Capacitance -- 5.3.Resistance -- 5.4.Rated or Test Drive Level -- 5.5.Frequency Stability -- 5.6.Finishing or Calibration Tolerance -- 5.7.Crystal Aging -- 5.8.Q and Stiffness of Crystals -- 5.9.Mechanical Overtone Crystals -- 5.10.Spurious or Unwanted Modes -- 5.11.Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration -- 5.12.Standard Military Crystals -- 5.13.Specifications and Standards -- 6.Discussion of Transistors -- 6.1.Transistor Equivalent Circuits -- 6.2.Y-Parameter Model -- 6.3.Hybrid ? Equivalent Circuit -- 6.4.Nonlinear Models -- 7.Oscillator Circuits -- 7.1.Pierce, Colpitis, and Clapp Oscillators -- 7.2.Pierce Oscillator -- 7.3.Colpitis Oscillator -- 7.4.Clapp Oscillator -- 7.5.Grounded-Base Oscillator -- 7.6.Gate Oscillators -- 7.7.Integrated-Circuit Oscillators -- 8.Preproduction Tests for Crystal Oscillators -- 9.Other Topics -- 9.1.Crystal Switches -- 9.2.Pullable Oscillators -- 9.3.Crystal Ovens -- 9.4.Squegging, Squelching, or Motorboating -- 9.5.Spurious Oscillations -- 10. Temperature Compensation -- 10.1.Analog Temperature Compensation -- 10.2.Hybrid Analog-Digital Compensation -- 10.3.Digital Temperature Compensation -- 10.4.Temperature Compensation with Microprocessors -- Appendix A Derivation of the Complex Equation for Oscillation -- Appendix B Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Pierce Oscillator -- Appendix C Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Grounded-Base Oscillator -- Appendix D Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Clapp Oscillator -- Appendix E Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Pierce Oscillator Analysis -- Appendix F Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Colpitts Oscillator -- Appendix G Large-Signal Transistor Parameters -- Appendix H Large-Signal Transistor Parameters with Emitter Degeneration -- Appendix I Nonlinear Analysis of the Colpitts Oscillator Based on the Principle of Harmonic Balance -- Appendix J Mathematical Development of the Sideband Level versus Phase Deviation Equation -- Appendix K Derivation of Crystal Equations -- Appendix L Sample Crystal Specification.
    Abstract: Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega­ hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre­ quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore­ seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.Introduction2.Basic Oscillator Theory -- 3.Methods of Design -- 3.1.Experimental Method of Design -- 3.2.Y-Parameter Method of Design -- 3.3.Power Gain Method of Design -- 3.4.Nonlinear Modifications -- 4.Oscillator Frequency Stability -- 4.1.Temperature Effects of Frequency -- 4.2.Long-Term Frequency Drift -- 4.3.Short-Term Frequency Stability -- 5.Quartz Crystal Resonators -- 5.1.Load Capacitance -- 5.2.Pin-To-Pin Capacitance -- 5.3.Resistance -- 5.4.Rated or Test Drive Level -- 5.5.Frequency Stability -- 5.6.Finishing or Calibration Tolerance -- 5.7.Crystal Aging -- 5.8.Q and Stiffness of Crystals -- 5.9.Mechanical Overtone Crystals -- 5.10.Spurious or Unwanted Modes -- 5.11.Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration -- 5.12.Standard Military Crystals -- 5.13.Specifications and Standards -- 6.Discussion of Transistors -- 6.1.Transistor Equivalent Circuits -- 6.2.Y-Parameter Model -- 6.3.Hybrid ? Equivalent Circuit -- 6.4.Nonlinear Models -- 7.Oscillator Circuits -- 7.1.Pierce, Colpitis, and Clapp Oscillators -- 7.2.Pierce Oscillator -- 7.3.Colpitis Oscillator -- 7.4.Clapp Oscillator -- 7.5.Grounded-Base Oscillator -- 7.6.Gate Oscillators -- 7.7.Integrated-Circuit Oscillators -- 8.Preproduction Tests for Crystal Oscillators -- 9.Other Topics -- 9.1.Crystal Switches -- 9.2.Pullable Oscillators -- 9.3.Crystal Ovens -- 9.4.Squegging, Squelching, or Motorboating -- 9.5.Spurious Oscillations -- 10. Temperature Compensation -- 10.1.Analog Temperature Compensation -- 10.2.Hybrid Analog-Digital Compensation -- 10.3.Digital Temperature Compensation -- 10.4.Temperature Compensation with Microprocessors -- Appendix A Derivation of the Complex Equation for Oscillation -- Appendix B Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Pierce Oscillator -- Appendix C Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Grounded-Base Oscillator -- Appendix D Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Clapp Oscillator -- Appendix E Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Pierce Oscillator Analysis -- Appendix F Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Colpitts Oscillator -- Appendix G Large-Signal Transistor Parameters -- Appendix H Large-Signal Transistor Parameters with Emitter Degeneration -- Appendix I Nonlinear Analysis of the Colpitts Oscillator Based on the Principle of Harmonic Balance -- Appendix J Mathematical Development of the Sideband Level versus Phase Deviation Equation -- Appendix K Derivation of Crystal Equations -- Appendix L Sample Crystal Specification.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 612 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Morphology of Barley; the Vegetative Phase -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The quiescent barley grain -- 1.3 Changes in the germinating grain -- 1.4 The growth of the stem and leaves -- 1.5 The root system -- 1.6 Plant morphology and lodging -- References -- 2 The Morphology of the Reproductive Parts in Barley -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The development of the ear -- 2.3 Variations in the form of grains -- 2.4 The ear -- 2.5 Some implications of the wide variety of forms of barley -- References -- 3 The Origin and Classification of Barleys -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classifications of barleys -- 3.3 The position of barley within the Gramineae -- 3.4 The origin of cultivated barley -- References -- 4 The Biochemistry of Barley -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbohydrates -- 4.3 The glycolytic sequence, the pentose phosphate shunt and the tricarboxylic acid cycle -- 4.4 Barley lipids -- 4.5 Photosynthesis and photorespiration -- 4.6 The formation of porphyrins -- 4.7 Phenolic and aromatic substances -- 4.8 Amino acid metabolism -- 4.9 The metabolism of some amines -- 4.10 Nucleic acids, and some other nitrogenous substances -- 4.11 Barley proteins -- References -- 5 Grain Quality and Germination -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sampling tests with small numbers of grains -- 5.3 Grain evaluation -- 5.4 The penetration of water, and other substances, into grain -- 5.5 Testing for grain germinability -- 5.6 Vigour -- 5.7 Dormancy -- 5.8 The gas exchange of germinating grains -- 5.9 The chemical composition of the quiescent grain -- 5.10 Biochemical changes in germinating grain -- 5.11 Embryo culture in vitro -- 5.12 The mobilization of the endosperm reserves -- References -- 6 The Growth of the Barley Plant -- 6.1 The description of growth -- 6.2 Sequential changes in the growth of the plant -- 6.3 The composition of the growing plant -- 6.4 The composition of the growing grain -- 6.5 Root growth -- 6.6 Water supplies -- 6.7 Water stress -- 6.8 Mineral requirements -- 6.9 The uptake and release of substances by roots -- 6.10 Coleoptile growth and gravity perception -- 6.11 Leaf unrolling and greening -- 6.12 Leaf senescence -- 6.13 Growth regulation -- 6.14 Temperature and growth -- 6.15 Cold hardiness -- 6.16 Vernalization -- 6.17 Some effects of light -- 6.18 Some factors that control yield -- References -- 7 Agricultural Practices and Yield -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Soil preparation -- 7.3 The choice of seed; sowing -- 7.4 Nutrient supply and barley yield -- 7.5 Some chemical treatments -- 7.6 Damaging factors -- 7.7 Water supplies and yield -- 7.8 Barley as forage -- 7.9 Harvesting the grain -- 7.10 Actual and potential yields -- References -- 8 Production and Harvesting Machinery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Irrigation and drainage -- 8.3 Tillage -- 8.4 Sowing -- 8.5 Post-sowing treatments -- 8.6 Harvesting and threshing barley -- 8.7 Straw -- 8.8 Harvesting the whole plant -- 8.9 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Weeds, Pests and Diseases in the Growing Crop -- 9.1 Weeds and the need to control them -- 9.2 Weed control -- 9.3 The economics of weed control -- 9.4 Nematode pests -- 9.5 Molluscs -- 9.6 Birds and mammals -- 9.7 Insect and some other pests -- 9.8 Virus diseases of barley -- 9.9 Bacterial diseases -- 9.10 Fungal diseases -- 9.11 Some general considerations -- References -- 10 The Reception and Storage of Whole Plants and Grain. The Micro-organisms and Pests of Stored Grain -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Barley hay -- 10.3 Straw -- 10.4 Barley silage -- 10.5 Grain reception -- 10.6 Handling grain -- 10.7 Weighers -- 10.8 Cleaning and grading grain -- 10.9 Drying principles -- 10.10 Grain drying in practice -- 10.11 Grain storage facilities -- 10.12 Seed longevity and grain deterioration -- 10.13 Micro-organisms in grain -- 10.14 Insects and mites -- 10.15 The mites of stored grain -- 10.16 Insecticides and fumigants -- 10.17 Rodents and their control -- References -- 11 Barley Genetics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The inheritance of ‘distinct’ factors -- 11.3 Cytology and chromosome behaviour -- 11.4 Chromosomal abnormalities -- 11.5 Ploidy levels -- 11.6 Mutations and mutagenesis -- 11.7 The expression of some mutant and other genes -- 11.8 The genetics of complex characters -- References -- 12 Barley Improvement -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Plant introductions, and adapted forms -- 12.3 Plant selections -- 12.4 Mutation breeding -- 12.5 Hybridization -- 12.6 Crossing barley -- 12.7 The choice of parents -- 12.8 Selection sequences applied to hybrid progenies -- 12.9 Competition and ‘natural selection’ in barley -- 12.10 Breeding for quality -- 12.11 Some other objectives in breeding -- 12.12 Breeding for higher yields -- 12.13 The quantitative evaluation of parents -- 12.14 ‘Hybrid’ barley -- 12.15 Trial procedures -- 12.16 The multiplication of seed -- 12.17 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Some Actual and Potential Uses of Barley -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Barley grain; a source of starch and protein -- 13.3 Minor uses of straw -- 13.4 Straw in building -- 13.5 Animal bedding, litter, farmyard manure and compost -- 13.6 Soil protection, conditioning, or replacement -- 13.7 Some industrial uses of barley -- 13.8 Paper, cardboard and millboard -- References -- 14 Barley for Animal and Human Food -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The nutritional requirements of animals -- 14.3 Forage and hay -- 14.4 Silage -- 14.5 Barley straw -- 14.6 Barley grain -- 14.7 By-products for animal feed, derived from barley -- 14.8 Non-alcoholic beverages -- 14.9 Other potential feeding stuffs -- 14.10 The technology of preparing grain for food -- 14.11 Future uses of barley as food -- References -- 15 Malting -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The selection and acceptance of malting barley -- 15.3 Barley handling -- 15.4 Steeping -- 15.5 Germination equipment -- 15.6 Kilns and kilning -- 15.7 Malt analyses -- 15.8 Changes that occur in the malting grain -- References -- 16 Some Uses of Barley Malt -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Mashing -- 16.3 Some aspects of yeast metabolism -- 16.4 Malt extracts and barley syrups -- 16.5 Brewing beer -- 16.6 Malt vinegar -- 16.7 Distilled ‘potable spirits’ -- References.
    Abstract: This book was written to provide an integrated account of barley, induding its cultivation, nature and uses. An attempt has been made to cut across the unjustified and obstructive divisions between pure science, applied science, technology, botany, biochemistry, agronomy, and so on. Limitations of space preclude the use of more illustrative material or references, or even complete accounts of various topics. However sufficient information is given to enable the reader to understand the general principles and to find his or her way readily into the literature to obtain further information. Emphasis has been placed on general principles rather than details. In becoming familiar with the literature one becomes acquainted with the effects of the cereal or religion, the English language and the development of agriculture and biochemistry. The comparison between 'parallel literatures' is often stimulating also. For example one is forced to conclude that many of the agricultural problems of poor 'seed vigour' would be overcome if seedsmen used the maltsters techniques for breaking dormancy and speeding 'post-harvest maturation'. Barley is the world's fourth most important cereal after wheat, rice, and maize. It is the most widely cultivated, being grown from the equator to 700N (Scandinavia), from the humid regions of Europe and Japan to the Saharan and Asiatic Oases, and from below sea level in Palestine to high up mountains in the Himalayas, E. Africa and S. America. Some­ where in the world it is being sown or harvested at every time of the year.
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  • 67
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475716108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 318 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 General Account of the Geomagnetic Field -- 2 Role of Geomagnetic Field in Vital Activity of Organisms on Earth -- 3 Questions of General Geomagnetobiology -- 4 Specific Aspects of Geomagnetobiology -- 5 Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effect of the Geomagnetic Field -- References.
    Abstract: I am very pleased that my book The Geomagnetic Field and Life is being published in English in the United States. Thanks to the initiative of Plenum Press, a publishing hause that is widely known in all countries, I have a great new opportunity to make direct contact with friends throughout the world. My book on the geomagnetic field can be regarded as an abstraction, whose purpose is to provide a better picture and understanding of the world araund us, its main driving forces, and factors, to help us to know ourselves, and to proceed further. The essence of the abstraction is that in treating the problern I have deliberately ignored the diverse effects of various extemal factors on living organisms and have confined myself to an analysis of the effect of the GMF. This approach allows me to go one step further-to draw various conclusions and propose theories that rnight bring us closer to a proper understanding of the true nature of the phenomena. Philosophers have long been aware that by such abstract thinking we can deterrnine the nature of phenomena more reliably, completely, and comprehensively, penetrate to the very core of the observed effects, and perceive the depth of their interrelations.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034855679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 233 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematische Reihe 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The theory of the Lebesgue integral is still considered as a difficult theory, no matter whether it is based the concept of measure or introduced by other methods. The primary aim of this book is to give an approach which would be as intelligible and lucid as possible. Our definition, produced in Chapter I, requires for its background only a little of the theory of absolutely convergent series so that it is understandable for students of the first undergraduate course. Nevertheless, it yields the Lebesgue integral in its full generality and, moreover, extends automatically to the Bochner integral (by replacing real coefficients of series by elements of a Banach space). It seems that our approach is simple enough as to eliminate the less useful Riemann integration theory from regular mathematics courses. Intuitively, the difference between various approaches to integration may be brought out by the following story on shoemakers. A piece of leather, like in Figure 1, is given. The task consists in measuring its area. There are three shoemakers and each of them solves the task in his own way. A B Fig. 1 The shoemaker R. divides the leather into a finite number of vertical strips and considers the strips approximately as rectangles. The sum of areas of all rectangles is taken for an approximate area of the leather (Figure 2). If he is not satisfied with the obtained exactitude, he repeats the whole procedure, by dividing the leather into thinner strips.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034865166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Wissenschaft und Kultur 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468426229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 634 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Cellular Growth: Brain, Liver, Muscle, and Lung -- 2 Cellular Growth: Adipose Tissue -- 3 The Methods of Auxological Anthropometry -- 4 Somatic Growth of the Infant and Preschool Child -- 5 Body Composition and Energy Needs during Growth -- 6 Puberty -- 7 Prepubertal and Pubertal Endocrinology -- 8 The Central Nervous System and the Onset of Puberty -- 9 Body Composition in Adolescence -- 10 Growth of Muscle Tissue and Muscle Mass -- 11 Adipose Tissue Development in Man -- 12 Bone Growth and Maturation -- 13 The Fundamentals of Cranial and Facial Growth -- 14 Skull, Jaw, and Teeth Growth Patterns -- 15 Dentition -- 16 Secular Growth Changes -- 17 The Influence of Exercise, Physical Activity, and Athletic Performance on the Dynamics of Human Growth -- 18 The Low-Birth-Weight Infant -- 19 Growth Dynamics of Low-Birth-Weight Infants with Emphasis on the Perinatal Period.
    Abstract: Growth, as we conceive it, is the study of changeinan organism not yet mature. Differential growth creates form: external form through growth rates which vary from one part of the body to another and one tissue to another; and internal form through the series of time-entrained events which build up in each cell the special­ ized complexity of its particular function. We make no distinction, then, between growth and development, and if we have not included accounts of differentiation it is simply because we had to draw a quite arbitrary line somewhere. lt is only rather recently that those involved in pediatrics and child health have come to realize that growth is the basic science peculiar to their art. It is a science which uses and incorporates the traditional disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology. It is indeed a part of biology, and the study of human growth is a part of the curriculum of the rejuvenated science of Human Biology. What growth is not is a series of chärts of height and weight. Growth standards are useful and necessary, and their construction is by no means void of intellectual challenge. They are a basic instrument in pediatric epidemiology. But they do not appear in this book, any more than clinical accounts of growth disorders. This appears to be the first large handbook-in three volumes-devoted to Human Growth.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034876339
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematische Reihe Lehrbücher und Monographien aus dem Gebiete der Exakten Wissenschaften 52
    Series Statement: Mathematische Reihe 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. First Concepts -- 1. Two Definitions of Lattices -- 2. How to Describe Lattices -- 3. Some Algebraic Concepts -- 4. Polynomials, Identities, and Inequalities -- 5. Free Lattices -- 6. Special Elements -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- II. Distributive Lattices -- 1. Characterization Theorems and Representation Theorems -- 2. Polynomials and Freeness -- 3. Congruence Relations -- 4. Boolean Algebras R-generated by Distributive Lattices -- 5. Topological Representation -- 6. Distributive Lattices with Pseudocomplementation -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- III. Congruences and Ideals -- 1. Weak Projectivity and Congruences -- 2. Distributive, Standard, and Neutral Elements -- 3. Distributive, Standard, and Neutral Ideals -- 4. Structure Theorems -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- IV. Modular and Semimodular Lattices -- 1. Modular Lattices -- 2. Semimodular Lattices -- 3. Geometric Lattices -- 4. Partition Lattices -- 5. Complemented Modular Lattices -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- V. Equational Classes of Lattices -- 1. Characterizations of Equational Classes -- 2. The Lattice of Equational Classes of Lattices -- 3. Finding Equational Bases -- 4. The Amalgamation Property -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- VI. Free Products -- 1. Free Products of Lattices -- 2. The Structure of Free Lattices -- 3. Reduced Free Products -- 4. Hopfian Lattices -- Further Topics and References -- Problems -- Concluding Remarks -- Table of Notation.
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  • 72
    Book
    Book
    Pittsburgh, Pa. : Univ. of Pittsburgh Press
    ISBN: 0822933683 , 9780822984689
    Language: English
    Pages: XIX, 351 S , graph. Darst., Tab , 25 cm
    Series Statement: Pitt Latin American series
    DDC: 368.4/0098
    RVK:
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Fallstudie ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Lateinamerika ; Lateinamerika ; Chile ; Uruguay ; Argentinien ; Mexiko ; USA ; Social security ; Latin America ; Case studies ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Lateinamerika ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lateinamerika ; Soziale Sicherheit
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  • 73
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0195024176 , 0195024168
    Language: English
    Pages: XXVIII, 349 S.
    DDC: 322.4/4/0973
    Keywords: USA ; Populismus ; Geschichte 1865-1900
    Note: Verkürzte Ausgabe von Goodwyn: Democratic Promise
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9781468433814
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communicatiohs Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution, and Water Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 22 (thesis year 1977) a total of 10,658 theses titles from 28 Canadian and 227 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 22 reports theses submitted in 1977, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Aerospace Engineering2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communicatiohs Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution, and Water Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468482430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Early Development of Hatch Covers -- 1.1 Introduction to the access problem -- 1.2 Early hatch covers -- 1.3 Failings of wooden hatch covers -- 1.4 The coming of steel hatch covers -- 1.5 Steel hatches after 1927 -- 2 Cargoes and Ships -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Dry bulk trades -- 2.3 Bulk liquid trades -- 2.4 Break-bulk general cargo -- 2.5 Unitized cargo -- 2.6 Cargo handling -- 2.7 General arrangement of ships -- 2.8 Dry cargo ship types -- 3 The Influence of Cargo Access Equipment on Ships’ Performance -- Summary -- 3.1 The cost of time in port -- 3.2 Delays in port -- 3.3 Benefits of reduced time in port -- References -- 4 General Requirements for Access Equipment -- Summary -- 4.1 Regulatory requirements -- 4.2 Vertical loading ships -- 4.3 Horizontal loading ships -- 4.4 Operational requirements -- 4.5 General considerations for access equipment -- 4.6 Fabrication and installation -- 4.7 Safety -- References -- 5 Access Equipment in Vertical Loading Ships -- Summary -- 5.1 Types of hatch covers -- 5.2 Single pull covers -- 5.3 Folding covers (hydraulic or wire-operated) -- 5.4 Direct pull covers -- 5.5 Roll stowing covers — ‘Rolltite’ -- 5.6 Side and end rolling covers -- 5.7 Lift and roll covers (piggy-back) -- 5.8 Sliding tween-deck covers -- 5.9 Pontoon covers -- 5.10 Telescopic covers -- 5.11 Flexible rolling covers -- 5.12 Miscellaneous covers -- 6 Access Equipment for Horizontal Loading Ships -- Summary -- 6.1 Design philosophy -- 6.2 Ro-Ro access equipment -- 6.3 Ramps -- 6.4 Bow openings -- 6.5 Elevators -- 6.6 Side doors -- 6.7 Bulkhead doors -- 6.8 Car decks -- 6.9 Dimensions and weights -- References -- 7 Ship Design and Selection of Access Equipment — Bulk Cargo -- Summary -- 7.1 Access equipment for ships carrying dry bulk cargoes -- 7.2 Choice of type of hatch cover -- 7.3 Economic evaluation of alternative equipment -- References -- 8 Ship Design and Selection of Access Equipment — General Cargo -- Summary -- 8.1 Multi-deck break-bulk ships -- 8.2 Container ships -- 8.3 Roll-on/Roll-off ships -- 8.4 Specialized cargo vessels -- 8.5 What sorts of ships are best for general cargo? -- References -- 9 Specific Design Requirements for Access Equipment -- Summary -- 9.1 Hatch covers -- 9.2 Access equipment in horizontal loading ships -- 9.3 Advanced design techniques -- 9.4 Seals -- 9.5 Construction materials -- 9.6 Miscellaneous -- References -- 10 Access Equipment in Service -- Summary -- 10.1 Cargo claims -- 10.2 Hatch cover surveys -- 10.3 Hatch cover defects -- 10.4 Some reasons for hatch leakage -- 10.5 Hatch cover maintenance -- 10.6 Hatch cover maintenance costs -- 10.7 Ro-Ro access equipment maintenance -- 10.8 Ship conversion -- References -- 11 Recent Developments and Prospects -- Summary -- 11.1 Recent developments -- 11.2 Influences on change -- 11.3 Ship types -- 11.4 Materials -- 11.5 Innovation.
    Abstract: As President of International MacGregor I am deeply indebted to the authors of this excellent book for the very considerable amount of work and scholarship it contains. It is the first authoritative work on cargo access equipment to be pubbshed and I am sure that it will be greatly welcomed by the Marine Industries. You will see from the authors' preface that the book was commissioned by the Henri Kummerman Foundation which was established in 1976 to assist and promote internationally research and development in the field of marine transportation and cargo handling. The Foundation has already made a number of grants to universities and to students but this book is its first major contribution to the furthering of education in the Marine Industries. For me, it is a rewarding fruition of a long involvement in maritime affairs. However, much requires to be done in the future and the Foundation can only succeed if it is encouraged and assisted by people who are forward thinking. I should be pleased therefore to hear from any readers of this book if they feel that they can help or be helped within the aims and objectives of the Foundation. 28 Chemin du Pommier, HENRI KUMMERMAN 1218 Geneva, Switzerland.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Early Development of Hatch Covers1.1 Introduction to the access problem -- 1.2 Early hatch covers -- 1.3 Failings of wooden hatch covers -- 1.4 The coming of steel hatch covers -- 1.5 Steel hatches after 1927 -- 2 Cargoes and Ships -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Dry bulk trades -- 2.3 Bulk liquid trades -- 2.4 Break-bulk general cargo -- 2.5 Unitized cargo -- 2.6 Cargo handling -- 2.7 General arrangement of ships -- 2.8 Dry cargo ship types -- 3 The Influence of Cargo Access Equipment on Ships’ Performance -- Summary -- 3.1 The cost of time in port -- 3.2 Delays in port -- 3.3 Benefits of reduced time in port -- References -- 4 General Requirements for Access Equipment -- Summary -- 4.1 Regulatory requirements -- 4.2 Vertical loading ships -- 4.3 Horizontal loading ships -- 4.4 Operational requirements -- 4.5 General considerations for access equipment -- 4.6 Fabrication and installation -- 4.7 Safety -- References -- 5 Access Equipment in Vertical Loading Ships -- Summary -- 5.1 Types of hatch covers -- 5.2 Single pull covers -- 5.3 Folding covers (hydraulic or wire-operated) -- 5.4 Direct pull covers -- 5.5 Roll stowing covers - ‘Rolltite’ -- 5.6 Side and end rolling covers -- 5.7 Lift and roll covers (piggy-back) -- 5.8 Sliding tween-deck covers -- 5.9 Pontoon covers -- 5.10 Telescopic covers -- 5.11 Flexible rolling covers -- 5.12 Miscellaneous covers -- 6 Access Equipment for Horizontal Loading Ships -- Summary -- 6.1 Design philosophy -- 6.2 Ro-Ro access equipment -- 6.3 Ramps -- 6.4 Bow openings -- 6.5 Elevators -- 6.6 Side doors -- 6.7 Bulkhead doors -- 6.8 Car decks -- 6.9 Dimensions and weights -- References -- 7 Ship Design and Selection of Access Equipment - Bulk Cargo -- Summary -- 7.1 Access equipment for ships carrying dry bulk cargoes -- 7.2 Choice of type of hatch cover -- 7.3 Economic evaluation of alternative equipment -- References -- 8 Ship Design and Selection of Access Equipment - General Cargo -- Summary -- 8.1 Multi-deck break-bulk ships -- 8.2 Container ships -- 8.3 Roll-on/Roll-off ships -- 8.4 Specialized cargo vessels -- 8.5 What sorts of ships are best for general cargo? -- References -- 9 Specific Design Requirements for Access Equipment -- Summary -- 9.1 Hatch covers -- 9.2 Access equipment in horizontal loading ships -- 9.3 Advanced design techniques -- 9.4 Seals -- 9.5 Construction materials -- 9.6 Miscellaneous -- References -- 10 Access Equipment in Service -- Summary -- 10.1 Cargo claims -- 10.2 Hatch cover surveys -- 10.3 Hatch cover defects -- 10.4 Some reasons for hatch leakage -- 10.5 Hatch cover maintenance -- 10.6 Hatch cover maintenance costs -- 10.7 Ro-Ro access equipment maintenance -- 10.8 Ship conversion -- References -- 11 Recent Developments and Prospects -- Summary -- 11.1 Recent developments -- 11.2 Influences on change -- 11.3 Ship types -- 11.4 Materials -- 11.5 Innovation.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034871822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Current Research in Geophysics (CCRG) 6
    Series Statement: Contributions to Current Research in Geophysics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Editors’ Note -- A Review of Rock Mechanics Studies in the United States Pertinent to Earthquake Prediction -- Volume Changes During Fracture and Frictional Sliding: A Review -- Friction of Rocks -- A Note on Permeability Changes in Geologic Material Due to Stress -- The Effect of Water on Stress Relaxation of Faulted and Unfaulted Sandstone -- Mineralogy and Physical Nature of Clay Goug -- Rock Friction-Effect of Confing Pressure, Temperature, and Pore Pressure -- Aspects of Asperity-Surface Interaction and Surface Damage of Rocks during Experimental Frictional Sliding -- Electrical Resistivity Changes in Rocks During Frictional Sliding and Fracture -- Seismic Velocity Changes during Fracture and Frictional Sliding -- Dilatancy and Fracture Induced Velocity Changes in Rock and their Relation to Frictional Sliding -- Velocity Anomalies: An Alternative Explanation Based on Data from Laboratory Experiments -- Creep, Stable Sliding, and Premonitory Slip -- Time-Dependent Friction and the Mechanics of Stick-Slip -- Transient Creep and Semibrittle Behavior of Crystalline Rocks -- Effect of Displacement Rate on the Real Area of Contact and Temperatures Generated During Frictional Sliding of Tennessee Sandstone -- Fracture Surface Energy of Olivine -- Fault and System Stiffnesses and Stick-Slip Phenomena -- Experimental Observations of Elastic Wave Radiation Characteristics from Tensile Cracks and Pre-existing Shear Faults -- Model Studies of Shear Displacement along a Pre-existing Fault -- Small Faults Formed as Deformation Bands in Sandstone -- Development of Faults as Zones of Deformation Bands and as Slip Surfaces in Sandstone -- Propagation of Slip along Frictional Surfaces -- Rupture and Particle Velocity During Frictional Sliding -- Nonuniform Friction as a Physical Basis for Earthquake Mechanics -- Comments to “Nonuniform Friction as a Physical Basis for Earthquake Mechanics” by A. Nur.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468422627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I -- 1 The Position of Factor Analysis in Psychological Research -- 2 Extracting Factors: The Algebraic Picture -- 3 Rotating Factors: The Geometric Picture -- 4 Fixing the Number of Factors: TheScientific Model 52 -- 5 Fixing the Number of Factors: The Most Practicable Psychometric Procedures -- 6 The Theory of Unique Rotational Resolution by Confactor, Procrustes, and Simple Structure Principles -- 7 The Techniques of Simple Structure Rotation -- 8 More Refined Issues in Rotation and the Use of Oblique Factors -- 9 Higher-Order Factors: Models and Formulas -- 10 The Identification and Interpretation of Factors -- II -- 11 Factor Measures: Their Construction, Scoring, Psychometric Validity, and Consistency -- 12 Broader Experimental Designs and Uses: The Data Box and the New Techniques -- 13 Varieties of Factor Models in Relation to Scientific Models -- 14 Distribution, Scaling, and Significance Problems -- 15 Conducting a Factor Analytic Research: Strategy and Tactics -- Appendixes -- A. 1. Proposed Standard Notation: Rationale and Outline -- A.2. An Indexing System for Psychological Factors -- A.3. Note on Utility of Confactor Resolutions with Oblique Factors -- A.4. Transformations among SUD, SSA, and IIA Strata Models: Reversion from the Schmid-Leiman Matrix (IIA) -- A.5. A Practicable Minimum List of Computer Programs -- A.6. Tables for Statistical Significance of Simple Structure -- A. 7. Tables for Significance of Congruence Coefficients in Factor Matching -- A.8. Tables for Significance of Salient Variable Similarity Index s -- References -- Author Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: I1 The Position of Factor Analysis in Psychological Research -- 2 Extracting Factors: The Algebraic Picture -- 3 Rotating Factors: The Geometric Picture -- 4 Fixing the Number of Factors: TheScientific Model 52 -- 5 Fixing the Number of Factors: The Most Practicable Psychometric Procedures -- 6 The Theory of Unique Rotational Resolution by Confactor, Procrustes, and Simple Structure Principles -- 7 The Techniques of Simple Structure Rotation -- 8 More Refined Issues in Rotation and the Use of Oblique Factors -- 9 Higher-Order Factors: Models and Formulas -- 10 The Identification and Interpretation of Factors -- II -- 11 Factor Measures: Their Construction, Scoring, Psychometric Validity, and Consistency -- 12 Broader Experimental Designs and Uses: The Data Box and the New Techniques -- 13 Varieties of Factor Models in Relation to Scientific Models -- 14 Distribution, Scaling, and Significance Problems -- 15 Conducting a Factor Analytic Research: Strategy and Tactics -- Appendixes -- A. 1. Proposed Standard Notation: Rationale and Outline -- A.2. An Indexing System for Psychological Factors -- A.3. Note on Utility of Confactor Resolutions with Oblique Factors -- A.4. Transformations among SUD, SSA, and IIA Strata Models: Reversion from the Schmid-Leiman Matrix (IIA) -- A.5. A Practicable Minimum List of Computer Programs -- A.6. Tables for Statistical Significance of Simple Structure -- A. 7. Tables for Significance of Congruence Coefficients in Factor Matching -- A.8. Tables for Significance of Salient Variable Similarity Index s -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vienna : Springer Vienna
    ISBN: 9783709185346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third,revised and enlarged edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Electronics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Problems in the Design of Pattern Recognizers -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Three Areas of Application -- 1.3 The Configuration of a PR -- 1.4 Factors which Influence the Design of a PR -- 1.5 The Selection of the Attributes -- 1.6 Decision Procedures and Indices of Performance -- 1.7 Categorizer Design -- 1.8 Hardware Implementation -- 2. Design of a Pattern Recognizer Using the Frequency of Occurrence of Binary Words Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Step by Step Description of the FOBW Design Procedure -- 2.3 The Ordered Array of Attributes -- 2.4 The Generation of New Sets of NH Attributes -- 2.5 Detection of Effective Attributes -- 3. Computational Rules for Binary Word Frequencies of Occurrence -- 3.1 Binary Word Probabilities, Frequencies of Occurrence and Sequence Length -- 3.2 Redundant Information in N-Gram Frequencies -- 3.3 Other Sets of 2N?1 Pieces of Information -- 3.4 Bounds on the Binary Word Frequencies of Occurrence -- 3.5 Redundancy in Delayed N-Gram Frequencies -- 3.6 Eight Delayed Trigram Frequencies contain Five Pieces of Information -- 3.7 A Special Relationship between Delayed Digrams and Delayed Trigrams -- 3.8 The Frequencies of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Binary Words -- 4. S, A Measure of Separability -- 4.1 Four Statistics -- 4.2 Some Features of the S-Measure -- 4.3 A Conjecture Later Proven by Chernoff -- 5. Modeling of Pattern Generating Stochastic Processes -- 5.1 The Importance of a Model -- 5.2 The Transition Matrix Model -- 5.3 The Gaussian Process Model -- 5.4 Processes Related to the Gaussian Process -- 5.5 The ?0 and ?m Concepts -- 6. The Heuristic Search Procedure -- 6.1 The Search Rule -- 6.2 First Example of the FOBW Search Procedure -- 6.3 A Case Study -- 6.4 Second Example of the FOBW Search Procedure -- 7. Hardware Implementation -- 7.1 Two Applications -- 7.2 Simple Hardware -- 7.3 The Sonic Analysis Demonstrator -- 7.4 The Word Recognizer -- 8. Summary -- Appendix 1. Some Recent Books -- Appendix 2. The ?-Transformation.
    Abstract: This book is a revised updated edition of the second edition which appeared 1974.The work described in this publication was initiated at the General Electric Company's Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, N.Y., U.S.A. The author would like to take this opportunity to express his gratitude to the Electronics Laboratory for its support and encouragement in this work. Thanks are in particular due to Dr. J.J. Suran for his continued interest and help. It is impossible to acknowledge all the help the au­ thor has received from members of the Laboratory staff. However, the au­ thor is particularly indebted to r·lr. T.C. Robbins for managing the build­ ing of the word recognizer (described in Section 7.4) and for many help­ ful discussions. The work was later continued in Denmark, supported by two grants: no. 1382 in 1966 and no. 1511 in 1967, received from the Danish Govern­ ment Fund for Industrial and Scientific Research. The author is grateful to said Fund, and thereby the Danish taxpayers, who gave the author an opportunity for uninterrupted work with pattern recognitions problems. In August 1967 the author joined the staff of the Electronics Labo­ ratory, Technical University of Denmark, where the subsequent pattern recognition work took place; the author is happy to acknowledge his debt to the members of the staff and to his students for many stimulating and helpful discussions.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Problems in the Design of Pattern Recognizers1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Three Areas of Application -- 1.3 The Configuration of a PR -- 1.4 Factors which Influence the Design of a PR -- 1.5 The Selection of the Attributes -- 1.6 Decision Procedures and Indices of Performance -- 1.7 Categorizer Design -- 1.8 Hardware Implementation -- 2. Design of a Pattern Recognizer Using the Frequency of Occurrence of Binary Words Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Step by Step Description of the FOBW Design Procedure -- 2.3 The Ordered Array of Attributes -- 2.4 The Generation of New Sets of NH Attributes -- 2.5 Detection of Effective Attributes -- 3. Computational Rules for Binary Word Frequencies of Occurrence -- 3.1 Binary Word Probabilities, Frequencies of Occurrence and Sequence Length -- 3.2 Redundant Information in N-Gram Frequencies -- 3.3 Other Sets of 2N?1 Pieces of Information -- 3.4 Bounds on the Binary Word Frequencies of Occurrence -- 3.5 Redundancy in Delayed N-Gram Frequencies -- 3.6 Eight Delayed Trigram Frequencies contain Five Pieces of Information -- 3.7 A Special Relationship between Delayed Digrams and Delayed Trigrams -- 3.8 The Frequencies of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Binary Words -- 4. S, A Measure of Separability -- 4.1 Four Statistics -- 4.2 Some Features of the S-Measure -- 4.3 A Conjecture Later Proven by Chernoff -- 5. Modeling of Pattern Generating Stochastic Processes -- 5.1 The Importance of a Model -- 5.2 The Transition Matrix Model -- 5.3 The Gaussian Process Model -- 5.4 Processes Related to the Gaussian Process -- 5.5 The ?0 and ?m Concepts -- 6. The Heuristic Search Procedure -- 6.1 The Search Rule -- 6.2 First Example of the FOBW Search Procedure -- 6.3 A Case Study -- 6.4 Second Example of the FOBW Search Procedure -- 7. Hardware Implementation -- 7.1 Two Applications -- 7.2 Simple Hardware -- 7.3 The Sonic Analysis Demonstrator -- 7.4 The Word Recognizer -- 8. Summary -- Appendix 1. Some Recent Books -- Appendix 2. The ?-Transformation.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170680
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mechanics, Applied. ; Materials ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 2 / Atomic Structure -- 3 / Aggregations of Atoms—The Fluid States -- 4 / Aggregations of Atoms—Solids -- 5 / Crystal Growth and Size -- 6 / Aggregations of Two Sorts of Atoms—Binary Alloys -- 7 / Equilibrium Diagrams -- 8 / The Iron-carbon System -- 9 / Thermal Energy -- 10 / The Deformation of Metal Single Crystals -- 11 / The Strengthening of Metals -- 12 / Mechanical Testing of Polycrystalline Materials -- 13 / Plastic Flow and Fracture -- 14 / Fatigue -- 15 / Creep -- 16 / Heat Treatment of Steel -- 17 / Alloy Steels -- 18 / Corrosion -- 19 / Welding -- 20 / Inorganic Non-metallic Materials -- 21 / Organic Materials -- 22 / Composites -- 23 / The Nucleus -- Appendix I—Some equilibrium diagrams of interest and importance -- Appendix II—Equilibrium and free energy -- Appendix III—SI units -- Answers to Numerical Questions.
    Abstract: The engineering designer is always limited by the properties of available materials. Some properties are critically affected by variations in com­ position, in state or in testing conditions, while others are much less so. The engineer must know this if he is to make intelligent use of the data on properties of materials that he finds in handbooks and tables, and if he is to exploit successfully new materials as they become available. He can only be aware of these limitations if he understands how pro­ perties depend on structure at the atomic, molecular, microscopic and macroscopic levels. Inculcating this awareness is one of the chief aims of the book, which is based on a successful course designed to give university engineering students the necessary basic knowledge of these various levels. The material is equivalent to a course of about eighty to a hundred lectures. In the first part of the book the topics covered are mainly fundamental physics. The structure of the atom, considered in non-wave-mechanical terms, leads to the nature of interatomic forces and aggregations of atoms in the three forms-gases, liquids and solids. Sufficient crystallography is discussed to facilitate an understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the crystals. The band theory of solids is not included, but the basic concepts which form a preliminary to the theory-energy levels of electrons in an atom, Pauli's exclusion principle, and so on-are dealt with.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 | Introduction2 | Atomic Structure -- 3 | Aggregations of Atoms-The Fluid States -- 4 | Aggregations of Atoms-Solids -- 5 | Crystal Growth and Size -- 6 | Aggregations of Two Sorts of Atoms-Binary Alloys -- 7 | Equilibrium Diagrams -- 8 | The Iron-carbon System -- 9 | Thermal Energy -- 10 | The Deformation of Metal Single Crystals -- 11 | The Strengthening of Metals -- 12 | Mechanical Testing of Polycrystalline Materials -- 13 | Plastic Flow and Fracture -- 14 | Fatigue -- 15 | Creep -- 16 | Heat Treatment of Steel -- 17 | Alloy Steels -- 18 | Corrosion -- 19 | Welding -- 20 | Inorganic Non-metallic Materials -- 21 | Organic Materials -- 22 | Composites -- 23 | The Nucleus -- Appendix I-Some equilibrium diagrams of interest and importance -- Appendix II-Equilibrium and free energy -- Appendix III-SI units -- Answers to Numerical Questions.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 0803910258
    Language: English
    Pages: 160 S.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Hawthorne, John W. [Rezension von: Richardson, James T., Conversion Careers: In and out of the New Religions] 1980
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pilarzyk, Thomas J. Conversion Careers: In and Out of the New Religions ed. by James T. Richardson. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1978, 160 pp. 3.95 1979
    Series Statement: Sage contemporary social science issues series 47
    Series Statement: Sage contemporary social science issues
    DDC: 306/.6
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sekte ; Neue Religion ; Cults United States ; USA ; United States Religion
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 81
    ISBN: 0803908873 , 0803908881
    Language: English
    Pages: 215 S. , 21 cm
    Series Statement: Sage library of social research 57
    Series Statement: Sage library of social research
    DDC: 364.0722
    RVK:
    Keywords: Criminology History ; Criminology Research ; History ; USA ; Verbrechen ; Geschichte ; Methode
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 179 - 198
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lawrence : Regents Press of Kansas
    ISBN: 9780700631193 , 0700631194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 342 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: [Place of publication not identified] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sears, Hal D., 1942- Sex radicals
    Keywords: Free love History ; Sexual ethics ; Feminism ; Radicalism ; Feminism ; Free love ; Radicalism ; Sexual ethics ; Freie Liebe ; Frauenbewegung ; Sexualethik ; HISTORY / United States / 20th Century ; History ; United States ; USA
    Abstract: Describes the efforts at sex reform and the reaction to the Comstock Laws in the United States during the late 1800's
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 321-330) and index , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Basic ideas about molecular shape -- 1.1 Shapes of biopolymers -- 1.2 Conformational principles -- 1.3 Shapes in equilibrium -- 2 The building units -- 2.1 Pyranose (six membered) forms -- 2.2 Furanose (five membered) forms -- 2.3 Other forms -- 2.4 Conformation and configuration: isomers and derivatives -- 2.5 Sugar shapes in hydrolysis of carbohydrate chains -- 2.6 Prediction of shapes -- 2.7 Natural building units -- 3 The linkages -- 3.1 Linkage structures and patterns -- 3.2 Linkage conformation -- 3.3 Chain conformation: order versus disorder -- 4 Simple carbohydrate chains of the periodic type -- 4.1 Conformational families -- 4.2 Occurrence, properties and function of the ribbon family -- 4.3 Occurrence, properties and function of the hollow helix family -- 4.4 Loosely jointed linkages and chains -- 5 More complex carbohydrate chains -- 5.1 Periodic chains with mixed linkages -- 5.2 Interrupted chain sequences -- 5.3 Aperiodic sequences -- References.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9781468424126
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 378 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I (Clinical) -- Conservative Management of Paraplegia -- Surgical Treatment of Injuries to the Dorsolumbar Spine -- Orthotic Equipment and Technical Aids for Paraplegics -- Social Problems of Paraplegic Patients -- Social Rehabilitation of Paraplegics Treated at the Metropolitan Rehabilitation Center -- Psychological Problems in Paraplegics -- Sports in Therapy and Rehabilitation of Paraplegics -- Problems of Vocational Rehabilitation in Paraplegia -- 2 (Laboratory Work) -- Pathology of the Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries -- Problems of Spasticity in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries -- Reflex Activity in Spinal Shock in Man on the Basis of Hoffmann’s Reflexes -- 3 (New Experimental Surgical Procedures) -- Our Experience with Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury -- Pathology of Spinal Cord Lesions in the Light of Dynamic Alloplasty -- Biomechanical Studies in Dynamic Alloplasty of the Spine -- Clinical Results -- General Evaluation of the Clinical Material.
    Abstract: Dr. Marian Weiss' textbook reviewing the etiology, pathophysiology, philosophy and conservative vs. surgical management of spinal and spinal cord injury is a significant contribution to the world literature. The remarks which follow are intended to serve the reader as a surgeon's 'thumb nail' sketch of the text's contents, along with brief comments on areas of agreement or mild variance of the opinions expressed. Dr. \Veiss' statement that the average surgical team often becomes more emotionally involved with the good or doubtful prognosis case at the expense of the victim with a hopeless prognosis, is totally valid. The percentage number of surgical spinal cases are insignificant when compared with the number of surgical admis­ sions. As a result, little appropriate knowledge is amassed by the average surgeon to allow for competence or confidence in the management of the spinal injured patient's total problems. The opinion is correct that spinal trauma should be managed in Spinal Injury Centers where access to the entire array of specialists required by quadriplegic or paraplegic victims is available. Such comprehensive programs are most appro­ priately affiliated with University Medical Centers.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400959538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Graphs -- 2 Closed Surfaces -- 3 Simplicial Complexes -- 4 HomoLogy Groups -- 5 The Question of Invariance -- 6 Some General Theorems -- 7 Two More General Theorems -- 8 Homology Modulo 2 -- 9 Graphs In Surfaces -- Appendix: Abelian Groups -- Basic definitions -- Finitely generated (f.g.) and free abelian groups -- Quotient groups -- Exact sequences -- Direct sums and splitting -- Presentations -- Rank of a f.g. abelian group -- References -- List of Notation.
    Abstract: viii homology groups. A weaker result, sufficient nevertheless for our purposes, is proved in Chapter 5, where the reader will also find some discussion of the need for a more powerful in­ variance theorem and a summary of the proof of such a theorem. Secondly the emphasis in this book is on low-dimensional examples the graphs and surfaces of the title since it is there that geometrical intuition has its roots. The goal of the book is the investigation in Chapter 9 of the properties of graphs in surfaces; some of the problems studied there are mentioned briefly in the Introduction, which contains an in­ formal survey of the material of the book. Many of the results of Chapter 9 do indeed generalize to higher dimensions (and the general machinery of simplicial homology theory is avai1able from earlier chapters) but I have confined myself to one example, namely the theorem that non-orientable closed surfaces do not embed in three-dimensional space. One of the principal results of Chapter 9, a version of Lefschetz duality, certainly generalizes, but for an effective presentation such a gener- ization needs cohomology theory. Apart from a brief mention in connexion with Kirchhoff's laws for an electrical network I do not use any cohomology here. Thirdly there are a number of digressions, whose purpose is rather to illuminate the central argument from a slight dis­ tance, than to contribute materially to its exposition.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9783642963841
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Communication and Cybernetics 17
    Series Statement: 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 On the Physical Embodiment of Associative Information Structures -- 1.2 Implementations of Associative Recall -- 1.3 Mathematical Notations and Methods -- 2. Associative Search Methods -- 2.1 Addressing by the Contents -- 2.2 Content-Addressable Memories -- 2.3 Optimal Associative Mappings -- 2.4 Relationship of Associative Mappings to Pattern Classification -- 3. Adaptive Formation of Optimal Associative Mappings -- 3.1 On the Implementation of Conditioned Responses in Simple Physical Systems -- 3.2 Adaptive Filters Which Compute Orthogonal Projections -- 3.3 Recursive Generation of the Optimal Associative Mapping -- 4. On Biological Associative Memory -- 4.1 Physiological Foundations of Memory -- 4.2 Computerized Models of Associative Memory in Neural Networks -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: About the Scope of This Text This book contains two types of material ~ first, the many divergent and often diffuse meanings given to the concepts of association, associative memory, and associative recaZZ are expounded. A review of this kind was felt necessary because there apparently does not exist any single monograph which could serve as a reference to these topics. But the presentation of the main body of this text is motivated by quite other reasons: in recent years, plenty of interesting mathematical and system-theoretical material has been published which makes it possible to gain a view of associative memory which is different from the conventional abstract and computationally oriented approaches. It seems that the basic operation of associative memory, the storage of information together with the relations or links between the data items, and the selective recall of stored information relative to a piece of key or cue information presented, is not restricted to certain computer-technological implementations but can also be reflected in more general mathematically describable processes in certain physical or other systems, especially in their adaptive state changes. It further seems that some generally known forms of associative memory, namely, certain computer technological artifacts, or abstract systems of concepts or data, are in fact special representations of a class of processes characterized as associative memory.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The genetical foundation -- 1. Continuous variation -- 2. The genic basis -- 3. Assaying the chromosomes -- 4. Locating the genes -- 2. The biometrical approach -- 5. The manifestation of polygenic systems -- 6. Genetic analysis and somatic analysis -- 7. Biometrical genetics -- 3. Additive and dominance effects -- 8. Components of means -- 9. Testing the model -- 10. Scales -- 11. Components of variation: F2 and back-crosses -- 12. Generations derived from F2 -- 13. The balance sheet of genetic variability -- 14. Partitioning the variation -- 4. Diallels -- 15. The principles of diallel analysis -- 16. An example of a simple diallel -- 17. Undefined diallels -- 18. An example of an undefined diallel -- 5. Genic interaction and linkage -- 19. Non-allelic interaction -- 20. Interaction as displayed by means -- 21. Variances and covariances -- 22. Correlated gene distributions: linkage -- 23. Diallels -- 6. Interaction of genotype and environment -- 24. Genotype x environment interaction -- 25. Two genotypes and two environments -- 26. A more complex case -- 27. The relation of g to e -- 28. Crosses between inbred lines -- 29. Variance of F2 -- 7. Randomly breeding populations -- 30. The components of variation -- 31. Human populations -- 32. The use of twins -- 33. Experimental analysis -- 34. Complicating factors -- 35. Heritability -- 8. Genes and effective factors -- 36. Estimating the number of segregating genes -- 37. Consequences of linkage: effective factors -- 38. Other sources of estimates -- 9. Conclusion -- 39. Designing the experiments -- 40. Concepts and uses -- Glossary of symbols and abbreviations -- References.
    Abstract: In the second edition of Biometricai Genetics, which appeared in 1971, we set out to give a general account of the subject as it had developed up to that time. Such an account necessarily had to be comprehensive and reasonably detailed. Although it could be, and indeed has been, used by those who were making an acquaintance with this branch of genetics for the first time, it went beyond their needs. We have been encouraged therefore to write an introduction to the genetical analysis of continuous variation aimed primarily at senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, and concentrating on basic considerations, basic principles and basic techniques. This has meant, of course, omitting all reference to some phenomena of more restricted interest, notably sex-linkage, ma­ ternal effects, haploidy and polyploidy. It has meant, too, that even with some phenomena which have been included, like interactions, linkage and effective factors, the discussions cannot go into full detail. Anyone who is interested, however, can find further information in Biometricai Genetics, to which detailed references have been given where it ap­ peared that these would be helpful. The order of presentation has been changed with the aim of making it easier for beginners.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The genetical foundation1. Continuous variation -- 2. The genic basis -- 3. Assaying the chromosomes -- 4. Locating the genes -- 2. The biometrical approach -- 5. The manifestation of polygenic systems -- 6. Genetic analysis and somatic analysis -- 7. Biometrical genetics -- 3. Additive and dominance effects -- 8. Components of means -- 9. Testing the model -- 10. Scales -- 11. Components of variation: F2 and back-crosses -- 12. Generations derived from F2 -- 13. The balance sheet of genetic variability -- 14. Partitioning the variation -- 4. Diallels -- 15. The principles of diallel analysis -- 16. An example of a simple diallel -- 17. Undefined diallels -- 18. An example of an undefined diallel -- 5. Genic interaction and linkage -- 19. Non-allelic interaction -- 20. Interaction as displayed by means -- 21. Variances and covariances -- 22. Correlated gene distributions: linkage -- 23. Diallels -- 6. Interaction of genotype and environment -- 24. Genotype x environment interaction -- 25. Two genotypes and two environments -- 26. A more complex case -- 27. The relation of g to e -- 28. Crosses between inbred lines -- 29. Variance of F2 -- 7. Randomly breeding populations -- 30. The components of variation -- 31. Human populations -- 32. The use of twins -- 33. Experimental analysis -- 34. Complicating factors -- 35. Heritability -- 8. Genes and effective factors -- 36. Estimating the number of segregating genes -- 37. Consequences of linkage: effective factors -- 38. Other sources of estimates -- 9. Conclusion -- 39. Designing the experiments -- 40. Concepts and uses -- Glossary of symbols and abbreviations -- References.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9781461589334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 491 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section III: Initiating Mechanisms and Early Pathogenesis -- 1 Gene Expression and Its Regulation -- 2 Developmental Genetics -- 3 Numerical and Structural Chromosome Abnormalities -- 4 Cell Death and Reduced Proliferative Rate -- 5 Altered Biosynthesis -- 6 Embryonic Intermediary Metabolism under Normal and Pathological Conditions -- 7 Altered Electrolyte and Fluid Balance -- 8 Abnormal Cellular and Tissue Interactions -- 9 Cell Morphogenetic Movements -- 10 Alterations in the Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans and Collagen -- 11 Time-Position Relationships, with Particular Reference to Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate -- 12 Teratogenesis and Oncogenesis -- Section IV: Examples of Abnormal Organogenesis -- 13 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Eye -- 14 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Cardiovascular System -- 15 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Urinary Tract -- 16 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Reproductive System -- 17 Abnormal Organogenesis of Facial Structures -- 18 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Limbs.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section III: Initiating Mechanisms and Early Pathogenesis1 Gene Expression and Its Regulation -- 2 Developmental Genetics -- 3 Numerical and Structural Chromosome Abnormalities -- 4 Cell Death and Reduced Proliferative Rate -- 5 Altered Biosynthesis -- 6 Embryonic Intermediary Metabolism under Normal and Pathological Conditions -- 7 Altered Electrolyte and Fluid Balance -- 8 Abnormal Cellular and Tissue Interactions -- 9 Cell Morphogenetic Movements -- 10 Alterations in the Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans and Collagen -- 11 Time-Position Relationships, with Particular Reference to Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate -- 12 Teratogenesis and Oncogenesis -- Section IV: Examples of Abnormal Organogenesis -- 13 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Eye -- 14 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Cardiovascular System -- 15 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Urinary Tract -- 16 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Reproductive System -- 17 Abnormal Organogenesis of Facial Structures -- 18 Abnormal Organogenesis in the Limbs.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461596981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 436 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Receptors and Recognition, Series B Volume 3 3
    Series Statement: Series B 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Aggregation and Cell Surface Receptors in Cellular Slime Molds -- 2 Bacterial Chemotaxis -- 3 Bacterial Receptors for Phages and Colicins as Constituents of Specific Transport Systems -- 4 The Attachment of Bacteria to the Surfaces of Animal Cells -- 5 Binding and Entry of DNA in Bacterial Transformation -- 6 A Redefinition of the Mating Phenomenon in Bacteria -- 7 Cell—Cell Interactions during Mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 8 Mating Interactions in Chlamydomonas -- Cell—Cell Interactions in Ciliates: Evolutionary and Genetic Constraints -- An Overview -- Thesaurus of Microbial Interactions.
    Abstract: Microbiology has undergone a number of metamorphoses in its relatively brief existence. It has been in approximate succession, morphology, epidemiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. It is also becoming a significant parcel of cell surface studies. The one embodiment which has remained elusiv- particularly for bacteriology - is the taxonomic one. This may have been a blessing in disguise because it encouraged microbiologists to deal with the general rather than the particular; promoting a search for unitary explanations, in the manner of Kluyver and van Niel, long before anyone knew about the universality of the genetic code, or could trace the genealogy of enzymes from the study of amino acid substitutions. . This volume is predicated on the idea that deep analogies underly the mech­ anisms of cellular interaction, and therefore belongs in the unitary tradition of microbiology. It occupies itself with a wide variety of micro-organisms, considering them from vantage points of considerable diversity, ranging from taxonomic irreverence to keen evolutionary awareness, and is concerned with areas which have developed independently of each other.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Aggregation and Cell Surface Receptors in Cellular Slime Molds2 Bacterial Chemotaxis -- 3 Bacterial Receptors for Phages and Colicins as Constituents of Specific Transport Systems -- 4 The Attachment of Bacteria to the Surfaces of Animal Cells -- 5 Binding and Entry of DNA in Bacterial Transformation -- 6 A Redefinition of the Mating Phenomenon in Bacteria -- 7 Cell-Cell Interactions during Mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 8 Mating Interactions in Chlamydomonas -- Cell-Cell Interactions in Ciliates: Evolutionary and Genetic Constraints -- An Overview -- Thesaurus of Microbial Interactions.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401164504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- Notation Frequently Used -- 1. Introduction -- I. Hilbert Space -- 2. Inner Product of Functions. Norm, Metric -- 3. The Space L2 -- 4. Convergence in the Space L2(G) (Convergence in the Mean). Complete Space. Separable Space -- 5. Orthogonal Systems in L2(G) -- 6. Hilbert Space -- 7. Some Remarks to the Preceding Chapters. Normed Space, Banach Space -- 8. Operators and Functionals, especially in Hilbert Spaces -- II. Variational Methods -- 9. Theorem on the Minimum of a Quadratic Functional and its Consequences -- 10. The Space HA -- 11. Existence of the Minimum of the Functional F in the Space HA. Generalized Solutions -- 12. The Method of Orthonormal Series. Example -- 13. The Ritz Method -- 14. The Galerkin Method -- 15. The Least Squares Method. The Courant Method -- 16. The Method of Steepest Descent. Example -- 17. Summary of Chapters 9 to 16 -- III. Application of Variational Methods to the Solution of Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations -- 18. The Friedrichs Inequality. The Poincaré Inequality -- 19. Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations -- 20. Problem of the Choice of a Base -- 21. Numerical Examples: Ordinary Differential Equations -- 22. Boundary Value Problems in Second Order Partial Differential Equations -- 23. The Biharmonic Operator. (Equations of Plates and Wall-beams.) -- 24. Operators of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity -- 25. The Choice of a Base for Boundary Value Problems in Partial Differential Equations -- 26. Numerical Examples: Partial Differential Equations -- 27. Summary of Chapters 18 to 26 -- IV. Theory of Boundary Value Problems in Differential Equations Based on the Concept of a Weak Solution and on the Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 28. The Lebesgue Integral. Domains with the Lipschitz Boundary -- 29. The Space W2(k)(G) -- 30. Traces of Functions from the Space W2(k)(G). The Space W?2(k)(G). The Generalized Friedrichs and Poincaré Inequalities -- 31. Elliptic Differential Operators of Order 2k. Weak Solutions of Elliptic Equations -- 32. The Formulation of Boundary Value Problems -- 33. Existence of the Weak Solution of a Boundary Value Problem. V-ellipticity. The Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 34. Application of Direct Variational Methods to the Construction of an Approximation of the Weak Solution -- 35. The Neumann Problem for Equations of Order 2k (the Case when the Form ((v, u)) is not V-elliptic) -- 36. Summary and Some Comments to Chapters 28 to 35 -- V. The Eigenvalue Problem -- 37. Introduction -- 38. Completely Continuous Operators -- 39. The Eigenvalue Problem for Differential Operators -- 40. The Ritz Method in the Eigenvalue Problem -- 41. Numerical Examples -- VI. Some Special Methods. Regularity of the Weak solution -- 42. The Finite Element Method -- 43. The Method of Least Squares on the Boundary for the Biharmonic Equation (for the Problem of Wall-beams). The Trefftz Method of the Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for the Laplace Equation -- 44. The Method of Orthogonal Projections -- 45. Application of the Ritz Method to the Solution of Parabolic Boundary Value Problems -- 46. Regularity of the Weak Solution, Fulfilment of the Given Equation and of the Boundary Conditions in the Classical Sense. Existence of the Function w ? W2(k)(G) satisfying the Given Boundary Conditions -- 47. Concluding Remarks, Perspectives of the Presented Theory -- Table for the Construction of Most Current Functionals and of Systems of Ritz Equations -- References.
    Abstract: The impulse which led to the writing of the present book has emerged from my many years of lecturing in special courses for selected students at the College of Civil Engineering of the Tech­ nical University in Prague, from experience gained as supervisor and consultant to graduate students-engineers in the field of applied mathematics, and - last but not least - from frequent consultations with technicians as well as with physicists who have asked for advice in overcoming difficulties encountered in solving theoretical problems. Even though a varied combination of problems of the most diverse nature was often in question, the problems discussed in this book stood forth as the most essential to this category of specialists. The many discussions I have had gave rise to considerations on writing a book which should fill the rather unfortunate gap in our literature. The book is designed, in the first place, for specialists in the fields of theoretical engineering and science. However, it was my aim that the book should be of interest to mathematicians as well. I have been well aware what an ungrateful task it may be to write a book of the present type, and what problems such an effort can bring: Technicians and physicists on the one side, and mathematicians on the other, are often of diametrically opposing opinions as far as books con­ ceived for both these categories are concerned.
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceNotation Frequently Used -- 1. Introduction -- I. Hilbert Space -- 2. Inner Product of Functions. Norm, Metric -- 3. The Space L2 -- 4. Convergence in the Space L2(G) (Convergence in the Mean). Complete Space. Separable Space -- 5. Orthogonal Systems in L2(G) -- 6. Hilbert Space -- 7. Some Remarks to the Preceding Chapters. Normed Space, Banach Space -- 8. Operators and Functionals, especially in Hilbert Spaces -- II. Variational Methods -- 9. Theorem on the Minimum of a Quadratic Functional and its Consequences -- 10. The Space HA -- 11. Existence of the Minimum of the Functional F in the Space HA. Generalized Solutions -- 12. The Method of Orthonormal Series. Example -- 13. The Ritz Method -- 14. The Galerkin Method -- 15. The Least Squares Method. The Courant Method -- 16. The Method of Steepest Descent. Example -- 17. Summary of Chapters 9 to 16 -- III. Application of Variational Methods to the Solution of Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations -- 18. The Friedrichs Inequality. The Poincaré Inequality -- 19. Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations -- 20. Problem of the Choice of a Base -- 21. Numerical Examples: Ordinary Differential Equations -- 22. Boundary Value Problems in Second Order Partial Differential Equations -- 23. The Biharmonic Operator. (Equations of Plates and Wall-beams.) -- 24. Operators of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity -- 25. The Choice of a Base for Boundary Value Problems in Partial Differential Equations -- 26. Numerical Examples: Partial Differential Equations -- 27. Summary of Chapters 18 to 26 -- IV. Theory of Boundary Value Problems in Differential Equations Based on the Concept of a Weak Solution and on the Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 28. The Lebesgue Integral. Domains with the Lipschitz Boundary -- 29. The Space W2(k)(G) -- 30. Traces of Functions from the Space W2(k)(G). The Space W?2(k)(G). The Generalized Friedrichs and Poincaré Inequalities -- 31. Elliptic Differential Operators of Order 2k. Weak Solutions of Elliptic Equations -- 32. The Formulation of Boundary Value Problems -- 33. Existence of the Weak Solution of a Boundary Value Problem. V-ellipticity. The Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 34. Application of Direct Variational Methods to the Construction of an Approximation of the Weak Solution -- 35. The Neumann Problem for Equations of Order 2k (the Case when the Form ((v, u)) is not V-elliptic) -- 36. Summary and Some Comments to Chapters 28 to 35 -- V. The Eigenvalue Problem -- 37. Introduction -- 38. Completely Continuous Operators -- 39. The Eigenvalue Problem for Differential Operators -- 40. The Ritz Method in the Eigenvalue Problem -- 41. Numerical Examples -- VI. Some Special Methods. Regularity of the Weak solution -- 42. The Finite Element Method -- 43. The Method of Least Squares on the Boundary for the Biharmonic Equation (for the Problem of Wall-beams). The Trefftz Method of the Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for the Laplace Equation -- 44. The Method of Orthogonal Projections -- 45. Application of the Ritz Method to the Solution of Parabolic Boundary Value Problems -- 46. Regularity of the Weak Solution, Fulfilment of the Given Equation and of the Boundary Conditions in the Classical Sense. Existence of the Function w ? W2(k)(G) satisfying the Given Boundary Conditions -- 47. Concluding Remarks, Perspectives of the Presented Theory -- Table for the Construction of Most Current Functionals and of Systems of Ritz Equations -- References.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9783034868648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion 68
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 92
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461341604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Farrington Daniels Memorial Lecture Solar Energy -- Symposia -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States Introduction -- The Rules of Organic Molecular Fluorescence -- Elementary Photochemical Reactions -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes (Introductory Remarks) -- Excited State Interactions and Photochemical Reactions in Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- Structural Relationships in Macromolecular Complexes Determined by Photochemical Crosslinking -- Photodegradation of Biomembranes -- Photomovement in Microorganisms -- Photomovement in Microorganisms — Introduction to the Symposium -- Photomovement in Microorganisms: Strategies of Response -- Pigments Involved in the Photomotion of Microorganisms -- Speculations about Sensory Transduction -- Panel Discussion of Photomovement -- Photosynthesis -- Present Status of the O2 Evolution Model -- Low Temperature Reactions in Photosynthesis -- Control of the Electron Transfer by the Transmembrane Electric Field and Structure of System II Centers -- Modulating Effects on the Delayed Luminescence from Photosystem II of Photosynthesis -- In Vitro Photosynthesis -- Comparative Effects of Exciting and Ionizing Radiations -- Quantitative Mutagenesis by Chemicals and by Radiations: Prerequisites for the Establishment of Rad-Equivalences -- A Comparative Study of Several Survival Responses of Mammalian Cells after UV and after X-Irradiation -- Ionizing and Ultraviolet Radiations: Genetic Effects and Repair in Yeast -- Ataxia Telangiectasia: an Inherited Human Disease Involving Radiosensitivity, Malignancy and Defective DNA Repair -- Effects of Vacuum-UV and Excited Gases on DNA -- Photosensitized Reactions of Nucleic Acids and Proteins -- Photosensitization in Biological Systems -- The Role of Oxygen in Photosynthetized Reactions of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- New Chemical Aspects of the Photoreaction between Psoralen and DNA -- Excited States of Skin-Sensitizing Psoralens and their Reactions with Nucleic Acids -- Photochemotherapeutic, Photobiological, and Photochemical Properties of Psoralens -- Repair of Radiation Damage -- DNA Repair Schemes in Bacteria and in Human Cells -- Postreplication Repair in Human Fibroblasts -- Studies on the Enzymology of Excision Repair in Extracts of Mammalian Cells -- Human Photoreactivating Enzymes -- Effects of Ultraviolet-Light and of Some Major Chemical Carcinogens of E. Coli K12 (?) -- Solar Energy Conversion Systems -- Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms, the Mechanims of Hydrogen Photoevolution -- Chemical Reactions for the Utilization of Solar Energy -- Photosynthesis — a Practical Energy Source? -- Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Photosynthetic Systems -- Determinants of Feasibility in Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photophysiological Research — Preventive Medicine -- Erythropoietic Protoporphyria — the Disease, and its treatment with Beta-Carotene -- Photochemotherapy of Psoriasis (PUVA) -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice: Effect on Blood Biorhythms -- Phototherapy of Human Tumors -- Cancerogenic Effects of Radiation -- Carcinogenic Effects of Radiation — Introduction -- Defective DNA Repair and Cancer -- Experimental Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis -- Sunlight and Melanomas -- Cutaneous Carcinogenic Effects of Sunlight in Humans -- Role of DNA Repair in Physical, Chemical and Viral Carcinogenesis -- Light and Development -- Control of Chloroplast Development and Chlorophyll Synthesis by Phytochrome -- Progress Toward an Understanding of the Molecular Mode of Action of Phytochrome -- Phototransformations of Phytochrome -- Biogenesis of Chloroplast Membranes in Algae -- Light-Induced Cytochrome Reduction in Neurospora Crassa Membrane Fractions -- Light Induced Degeneration of Skin: Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Studies on the Pathomechanics of Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Clinical Pattern of the Actinic Chronic Dermatosis -- Distribution and General Factors Causing Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Environment-Space Interactions: Photobiological Implications -- Introductory Remarks -- The Stratospheric Photochemistry of Chlorine Compounds and its Influence on the Ozone Layer -- The Effects of Solar UV-B Radiation (280–315 nm) on Higher Plants: Implications of stratospheric Ozone Reduction -- Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma of the Skin in Norway with Special Reference to the Effect of Solar Radiation -- Estimating the Increase in Skin Cancer Caused by Increases in Ultraviolet Radiation -- Vision -- MSP Measurements of Rod and Cone Visual Pigments in a Retina (Scardinius Erythrophthalmus) that can be either Vitamin A1 — or Vitamin A2—Based -- The Ionochromic Behavior of Gecko Visual Pigments -- Membrane Adaptations of Visual Photoreceptors for the Analysis of Plane-Polarized Light -- Dynamic Aspects of the Molecular Architecture of Photoreceptor Membranes -- The Photochemistry of Rhodopsin Excited in the 280 nm (?) Band -- Degenerations of the Retina Induced by Light -- Mutagenic Effects of Radiation -- Mutagenic Repair Pathways in Yeast -- Pathways of UV Repair and Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae -- Mitochondrial Mutagenesis by 2-6-Diaminopurine in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Effect of UV Light -- On the Molecular Mechanism of Mutagenesis by Carcinogenic Mutagens -- Chromosome Effects Induced by Low Levels of Mutagens -- Round Tables -- Units, Nomenclature and Dosimetry in Photobiology -- Protection from UV and Visible Radiations -- Topical Photoprotection of Normal Skin -- Photochemotherapy (PUVA) of Psoriasis -- Photobiology and Education -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Every four years the photobio1ogists of the world get together in an International Congress. They discuss and learn not only re­ search details and findings in their own, often narrow, fields but educate one another broadly in the many biological systems that interact with light. It is this latter purpose that is exemplified by these proceedings - the Symposium papers and Workshop summaries of the VIIth International Congress on Photobiology held in Rome, August 29 - September 3, 1976. Photobiology is one of the few true interdisciplinary fields. It has an air of excitement about it. A glance at the table of contents indicates clearly that photobiology and its practitioners (individuals whose primary interests are in medicine, plant sci­ ences, animal sciences, molecular properties, and energy conversion) interact with the entire and diverse world of living creatures. We supply not only the basic research background to help evaluate many present-day environmental problems but are also evaluating and pointing the way toward solutions to a number of these problems.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Farrington Daniels Memorial Lecture Solar EnergySymposia -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States Introduction -- The Rules of Organic Molecular Fluorescence -- Elementary Photochemical Reactions -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes (Introductory Remarks) -- Excited State Interactions and Photochemical Reactions in Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- Structural Relationships in Macromolecular Complexes Determined by Photochemical Crosslinking -- Photodegradation of Biomembranes -- Photomovement in Microorganisms -- Photomovement in Microorganisms - Introduction to the Symposium -- Photomovement in Microorganisms: Strategies of Response -- Pigments Involved in the Photomotion of Microorganisms -- Speculations about Sensory Transduction -- Panel Discussion of Photomovement -- Photosynthesis -- Present Status of the O2 Evolution Model -- Low Temperature Reactions in Photosynthesis -- Control of the Electron Transfer by the Transmembrane Electric Field and Structure of System II Centers -- Modulating Effects on the Delayed Luminescence from Photosystem II of Photosynthesis -- In Vitro Photosynthesis -- Comparative Effects of Exciting and Ionizing Radiations -- Quantitative Mutagenesis by Chemicals and by Radiations: Prerequisites for the Establishment of Rad-Equivalences -- A Comparative Study of Several Survival Responses of Mammalian Cells after UV and after X-Irradiation -- Ionizing and Ultraviolet Radiations: Genetic Effects and Repair in Yeast -- Ataxia Telangiectasia: an Inherited Human Disease Involving Radiosensitivity, Malignancy and Defective DNA Repair -- Effects of Vacuum-UV and Excited Gases on DNA -- Photosensitized Reactions of Nucleic Acids and Proteins -- Photosensitization in Biological Systems -- The Role of Oxygen in Photosynthetized Reactions of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- New Chemical Aspects of the Photoreaction between Psoralen and DNA -- Excited States of Skin-Sensitizing Psoralens and their Reactions with Nucleic Acids -- Photochemotherapeutic, Photobiological, and Photochemical Properties of Psoralens -- Repair of Radiation Damage -- DNA Repair Schemes in Bacteria and in Human Cells -- Postreplication Repair in Human Fibroblasts -- Studies on the Enzymology of Excision Repair in Extracts of Mammalian Cells -- Human Photoreactivating Enzymes -- Effects of Ultraviolet-Light and of Some Major Chemical Carcinogens of E. Coli K12 (?) -- Solar Energy Conversion Systems -- Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms, the Mechanims of Hydrogen Photoevolution -- Chemical Reactions for the Utilization of Solar Energy -- Photosynthesis - a Practical Energy Source? -- Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Photosynthetic Systems -- Determinants of Feasibility in Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photophysiological Research - Preventive Medicine -- Erythropoietic Protoporphyria - the Disease, and its treatment with Beta-Carotene -- Photochemotherapy of Psoriasis (PUVA) -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice: Effect on Blood Biorhythms -- Phototherapy of Human Tumors -- Cancerogenic Effects of Radiation -- Carcinogenic Effects of Radiation - Introduction -- Defective DNA Repair and Cancer -- Experimental Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis -- Sunlight and Melanomas -- Cutaneous Carcinogenic Effects of Sunlight in Humans -- Role of DNA Repair in Physical, Chemical and Viral Carcinogenesis -- Light and Development -- Control of Chloroplast Development and Chlorophyll Synthesis by Phytochrome -- Progress Toward an Understanding of the Molecular Mode of Action of Phytochrome -- Phototransformations of Phytochrome -- Biogenesis of Chloroplast Membranes in Algae -- Light-Induced Cytochrome Reduction in Neurospora Crassa Membrane Fractions -- Light Induced Degeneration of Skin: Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Studies on the Pathomechanics of Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Clinical Pattern of the Actinic Chronic Dermatosis -- Distribution and General Factors Causing Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Environment-Space Interactions: Photobiological Implications -- Introductory Remarks -- The Stratospheric Photochemistry of Chlorine Compounds and its Influence on the Ozone Layer -- The Effects of Solar UV-B Radiation (280-315 nm) on Higher Plants: Implications of stratospheric Ozone Reduction -- Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma of the Skin in Norway with Special Reference to the Effect of Solar Radiation -- Estimating the Increase in Skin Cancer Caused by Increases in Ultraviolet Radiation -- Vision -- MSP Measurements of Rod and Cone Visual Pigments in a Retina (Scardinius Erythrophthalmus) that can be either Vitamin A1 - or Vitamin A2-Based -- The Ionochromic Behavior of Gecko Visual Pigments -- Membrane Adaptations of Visual Photoreceptors for the Analysis of Plane-Polarized Light -- Dynamic Aspects of the Molecular Architecture of Photoreceptor Membranes -- The Photochemistry of Rhodopsin Excited in the 280 nm (?) Band -- Degenerations of the Retina Induced by Light -- Mutagenic Effects of Radiation -- Mutagenic Repair Pathways in Yeast -- Pathways of UV Repair and Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae -- Mitochondrial Mutagenesis by 2-6-Diaminopurine in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Effect of UV Light -- On the Molecular Mechanism of Mutagenesis by Carcinogenic Mutagens -- Chromosome Effects Induced by Low Levels of Mutagens -- Round Tables -- Units, Nomenclature and Dosimetry in Photobiology -- Protection from UV and Visible Radiations -- Topical Photoprotection of Normal Skin -- Photochemotherapy (PUVA) of Psoriasis -- Photobiology and Education -- Author Index.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461590897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Overview and Perspective -- 1. The Crisis of Physical Illness: An Overview -- II. The Crisis of Illness: Stillbirth and Birth Defects -- 2. Chronic Grief -- 3. Maternal Reaction to the Loss of Multiple Births -- 4. Counseling Parents after the Birth of an Infant with Down’s Syndrome -- III. The Crisis of Illness: Cancer -- 5. Bearing Cancer -- 6. A Brave Family Faces Up to Breast Cancer -- 7. Family Mediation of Stress -- IV. The Crisis of Illness: Cardiovascular Disease -- 8. Psychological Hazards of Convalescence Following Myocardial Infarction -- 9. Psychological Responses to the Experience of Open-Heart Surgery -- 10. Rehabilitating the Stroke Patient through Patient-Family Groups -- V. The Crisis of Illness: Severe Burns -- 11. Long-Term Adjustment and Adaptation Mechanisms in Severely Burned Adults -- 12. Adjustment Problems of the Family of the Burn Patient -- VI. The Crisis of Illness: Chronic Conditions -- 13. Long-Term Physical Illness in Childhood: A Challenge to Psychosocial Adaptation -- 14. Psychological Aspects of the Care of Children with Cystic Fibrosis -- 15. Coping with a Chronic Disability: Psychosocial Observations of Girls with Scoliosis -- VII. The Crisis of Treatment: Unusual Hospital Environments -- 16. The Hospital Environment: Its Impact on the Patient -- 17. Cancer, Emotions, and Nurses -- 18. Coping with Waiting: Psychiatric Intervention and Study in the Waiting Room of a Pediatric Oncology Clinic -- VIII. The Crisis of Treatment: Survival by Machine -- 19. The CCU Nurse Has a Pacemaker -- 20. Survival by Machine: The Psychological Stress of Chronic Hemodialysis -- 21. Problems in Adaptation to Maintenance Hemodialysis -- IX. The Crisis of Treatment: Organ Transplants -- 22. The Vicissitudes and Vivification of Viki Vaughn -- 23. Kidney Transplantation and Coping Mechanisms -- 24. Selection of Cardiac Transplant Recipients and Their Subsequent Psychosocial Adjustment -- X. The Crisis of Treatment: Stresses on Staff -- 25. Identity Problems and the Adaptation of Nurses to Severely Burned Children -- 26. The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing -- XI. The Final Crisis: Death and the Fear of Dying -- 27. I Don’t Intend To Die This Year -- 28. Humane Treatment of the Terminally Ill -- 29. Family Tasks and Reactions in the Crisis of Death -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book discusses how human beings cope with serious physical ill­ ness and injury. A conceptual model for understanding the process of coping with the crisis of illness is provided, and basic adaptive tasks and types of coping skills are identified. The major portion of the book is organized around various types of physical illness. These physical illnesses, which almost all people face either in themselves or their family members, raise common relevant coping issues. The last few sections cover "the crisis of treatment," emphasizing the importance of unusual hospital environments and radical new medical treatments, of stresses on professional staff, and of issues related to death and the fear of dying. The material highlights the fact that people can successfully cope with life crises such as major ill­ ness and inj ury, rather than the fact that severe symptoms and/or breakdowns sometimes occur. The importance of support from professional care-givers, such as physicians, nurses, and social workers, and from family, friends, and other sources of help in the community, is emphasized. Many of the selections include case examples which serve to illustrate the material. Coping with Physical Illness has been broadly conceived to meet the needs of a diverse audience. There is substantial information about how human beings cope with illness and physical disability, but this material has never been collected in one place.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Overview and Perspective1. The Crisis of Physical Illness: An Overview -- II. The Crisis of Illness: Stillbirth and Birth Defects -- 2. Chronic Grief -- 3. Maternal Reaction to the Loss of Multiple Births -- 4. Counseling Parents after the Birth of an Infant with Down’s Syndrome -- III. The Crisis of Illness: Cancer -- 5. Bearing Cancer -- 6. A Brave Family Faces Up to Breast Cancer -- 7. Family Mediation of Stress -- IV. The Crisis of Illness: Cardiovascular Disease -- 8. Psychological Hazards of Convalescence Following Myocardial Infarction -- 9. Psychological Responses to the Experience of Open-Heart Surgery -- 10. Rehabilitating the Stroke Patient through Patient-Family Groups -- V. The Crisis of Illness: Severe Burns -- 11. Long-Term Adjustment and Adaptation Mechanisms in Severely Burned Adults -- 12. Adjustment Problems of the Family of the Burn Patient -- VI. The Crisis of Illness: Chronic Conditions -- 13. Long-Term Physical Illness in Childhood: A Challenge to Psychosocial Adaptation -- 14. Psychological Aspects of the Care of Children with Cystic Fibrosis -- 15. Coping with a Chronic Disability: Psychosocial Observations of Girls with Scoliosis -- VII. The Crisis of Treatment: Unusual Hospital Environments -- 16. The Hospital Environment: Its Impact on the Patient -- 17. Cancer, Emotions, and Nurses -- 18. Coping with Waiting: Psychiatric Intervention and Study in the Waiting Room of a Pediatric Oncology Clinic -- VIII. The Crisis of Treatment: Survival by Machine -- 19. The CCU Nurse Has a Pacemaker -- 20. Survival by Machine: The Psychological Stress of Chronic Hemodialysis -- 21. Problems in Adaptation to Maintenance Hemodialysis -- IX. The Crisis of Treatment: Organ Transplants -- 22. The Vicissitudes and Vivification of Viki Vaughn -- 23. Kidney Transplantation and Coping Mechanisms -- 24. Selection of Cardiac Transplant Recipients and Their Subsequent Psychosocial Adjustment -- X. The Crisis of Treatment: Stresses on Staff -- 25. Identity Problems and the Adaptation of Nurses to Severely Burned Children -- 26. The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing -- XI. The Final Crisis: Death and the Fear of Dying -- 27. I Don’t Intend To Die This Year -- 28. Humane Treatment of the Terminally Ill -- 29. Family Tasks and Reactions in the Crisis of Death -- Author Index.
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  • 94
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468424270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Technology -- Lasers -- Surface Phenomena -- Applications of Superconductivity to Fundamental Research in Physics -- The Impact of Physics on Technology and Industry -- II: Physics, Energy and Natural Resources -- Solid State Physics Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion -- The Physics of the Earth -- The Oceans -- III: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- Probing Into the Heart of Matter -- Particle Physics -- Astrophysics, General Relativity and Cosmology -- Aspects of General Relativity -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
    Abstract: Even in this age of information explosion, Seminars and Symposia have an importance of their own, particularly in countries which are scientifically and geographically remote from active centres of learning. Our scientists suffer this isolation very acutely; the Cow~ission recognises this problem and has endeavoured to solve it through organisation of meetings and conferences in Pakistan to which international specialists in different fields are invited to share their experience with colleagues in Pakistan. We find that the personal encounter and human touch still remain one of the most effective methods of transferring and sharing scientific knowledge. The International Summer College at Nathiagali held in August, 1976, also grew out of our need to communicate with each other and to identify promising areas of development relevant to the needs of a developing country. In the implementation of this idea, the Pakis­ tan Atomic Energy Commission received support from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste and from the Swedish Inter­ national Development Authority which is gratefully acknowledged.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and TechnologyLasers -- Surface Phenomena -- Applications of Superconductivity to Fundamental Research in Physics -- The Impact of Physics on Technology and Industry -- II: Physics, Energy and Natural Resources -- Solid State Physics Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion -- The Physics of the Earth -- The Oceans -- III: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- Probing Into the Heart of Matter -- Particle Physics -- Astrophysics, General Relativity and Cosmology -- Aspects of General Relativity -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
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  • 95
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468425772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Biological, Photochemical, and Spectroscopic Applications of Lasers -- 2. Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids -- 3. Ultraviolet Radiation Effects on the Human Eye -- 4. Lethal and Mutagenic Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation -- 5. DNA Repair Enzymes in Mammalian Cells.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Biological, Photochemical, and Spectroscopic Applications of Lasers2. Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids -- 3. Ultraviolet Radiation Effects on the Human Eye -- 4. Lethal and Mutagenic Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation -- 5. DNA Repair Enzymes in Mammalian Cells.
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  • 96
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401177269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Rise of Frozen Foods -- 2 Refrigeration Technology -- 3 Freezing Vegetables -- 4 Freezing Fruits -- 5 Freezing Meats -- 6 Freezing Poultry -- 7 Freezing Fish -- 8 Freezing of Shellfish -- 9 Freezing of Dairy Products -- 10 Freezing of Egg Products -- 11 Precooked Frozen Foods -- 12 Packaging of Frozen Foods -- 13 Microbiology of Frozen Foods -- 14 The Nutritive Value of Frozen Foods -- 15 Quality Compliance and Assurance -- 16 Warehousing and Retail Cabinets.
    Abstract: The remarkable growth of food technology in industry has been matched by an equal development of related educational programs in food science in colleges and universities in many countries. A vast and growing body of reference books is now available to profes­ sionals in the field. They have at their fingertips the current state of the art and knowledge in the various areas of specialization embraced by the food industry. For example, excellent reference books are available in the general area of food freezing. The Freezing Preservation of Foods by Tressler et al. is a four volume reference work which covers the subject in detail. Fundamentals of Food Freezing is a book written as a textbook. It repre­ sents the accumulated art and knowledge in the field of food freezing and draws upon the four volumes of The Freezing Preservation of Foods and the current literature in reference. This new textbook is designed as a unit of instruction in food freezing. As such, it is presented in 16 chapters. The total effect we have attempted to develop is a rounded overall presentation for the student. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of our many col­ laborators in preparing this text. These collaborators are identified in the list of contributors; to each, we are most deeply obliged. However, the undersigned are responsible for errors of omission or commission.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Rise of Frozen Foods2 Refrigeration Technology -- 3 Freezing Vegetables -- 4 Freezing Fruits -- 5 Freezing Meats -- 6 Freezing Poultry -- 7 Freezing Fish -- 8 Freezing of Shellfish -- 9 Freezing of Dairy Products -- 10 Freezing of Egg Products -- 11 Precooked Frozen Foods -- 12 Packaging of Frozen Foods -- 13 Microbiology of Frozen Foods -- 14 The Nutritive Value of Frozen Foods -- 15 Quality Compliance and Assurance -- 16 Warehousing and Retail Cabinets.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034858915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion 70
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Failure types, investigation and occurrences -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 System failure and component failure -- 1.3 Failure decisions -- 1.4 Failure classifications -- 1.5 Types of failure -- 1.6 Failure investigations -- 1.7 Failure case studies -- 1.8 Human factors in failure incidents -- 2 Causes of failure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Service failures -- 2.3 Fatigue -- 2.4 Excessive deformation -- 2.5 Wear -- 2.6 Corrosion -- 2.7 Blockage, sludges -- 2.8 Blockage in cooling systems -- 2.9 Design, manufacturing and assembly causes of failure -- 3 Fault detection sensors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Contaminant monitoring -- 3.3 Corrosion monitoring -- 3.4 Force monitoring -- 3.5 Gas leakage monitoring -- 3.6 Air pollution monitoring -- 3.7 Liquid contamination monitoring -- 3.8 Non-destructive testing techniques -- 3.9 Optical examination -- 3.10 Temperature sensing -- 3.11 Particle testing -- 3.12 Proximity monitors -- 3.13 Sound monitoring -- 3.14 Vibration transducers -- 3.15 Telemetry -- 4 Data processing and analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fourier analysis -- 4.3 Frequency analysis techniques -- 4.4 Derived functions -- 5 Vibration analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Vibration-simple harmonic motion concept -- 5.3 Vibration signature of active systems -- 5.4 Vibration monitoring equipment -- 5.5 System monitors and vibration limit detectors -- 5.6 Vibration monitoring experience -- 5.7 Critical vibration levels -- 6 Sound monitoring -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sound frequencies -- 6.3 Sound loudness measurement -- 6.4 Acoustic power -- 6.5 Sound measurement -- 6.6 Magnetic tape recorders -- 6.7 Sound level meters -- 6.8 Sound analysers -- 6.9 Sound signal data processing -- 6.10 Sound monitoring -- 7 Discrete frequencies -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Simple vibrations -- 7.3 Transverse vibrations of bars — approximate frequency calculations -- 7.4 More precise evaluations — overtones -- 7.5 Torsional oscillation of flywheel-bearing shafts -- 7.6 Belt drives -- 7.7 Whirling of marine line shafting -- 7.8 Gear excitation -- 7.9 Rolling element bearing -- 7.10 Blade vibration -- 7.11 Cam mechanism vibration -- 8 Contaminant analysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Contaminants in used lubricating oils -- 8.3 Carrier fluid degradation -- 8.4 Contaminant monitoring techniques (wear processes) -- 8.5 Oil degradation analysis -- 8.6 Abrasive particles in lubricating oil -- 8.7 Abrasive particles in bearings -- 8.8 Abrasive particles in hydraulic systems -- 8.9 Dissolved gas fault monitoring -- 9 SOAP and other contaminant monitoring techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Spectrometric oil analysis procedure -- 9.3 Magnetic chip detectors -- 9.4 ‘Ferrograph’ particle precipitation -- 9.5 STM control kit -- 9.6 Used oil blotter test -- 9.7 Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.8 Capacitative oil debris monitor -- 9.9 X-ray fluorescence detection of contamination (XRF) -- 9.10 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry -- 9.11 Particle classification -- 10 Performance trend monitoring -- 10.1 Primary monitoring - performance -- 10.2 Primary and secondary performance parameters -- 10.3 Performance trend analysis -- 10.4 Turbine gas path performance monitoring thermodynamics -- 10.5 Steam turbine performance analysis -- 10.6 Case studies in performance monitoring -- 10.7 Performance monitoring systems -- 11 Static testing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Visual testing -- 11.3 Liquid penetrant inspection -- 11.4 Thermal methods -- 11.5 X-ray photography -- 11.6 Sonics -- 11.7 Ultrasonics -- 11.8 Stress wave emission -- 11.9 Magnetic testing methods -- 11.10 Electrical NDT techniques -- 11.11 Eddy current testing -- 11.12 NDT selection -- 12 Monitoring systems in operation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Marine monitoring systems -- 12.3 Marine condition monitoring requirements -- 12.4 Marine diesel engine monitoring -- 12.5 Marine turbine monitoring systems -- 12.6 Shipboard vibration monitoring -- 12.7 Spectrometric oil analysis programme — marine -- 12.8 Monitoring integrity verification -- 12.9 Aircraft condition monitoring -- 12.10 Condition monitoring — generating plant -- 12.11 Automotive diagnostic equipment -- 12.12 Systematic fault monitor selection -- 13 Fault analysis planning and system availability -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Availability -- 13.3 Failure prediction/reliability assessment -- 13.4 Hazard rate curve -- 13.5 Complex system reliability — Monte Carlo simulation -- 13.6 Hazardous chemical plants — high integrity protective systems (HIPS) -- 14 Reliability/failure concepts -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Probability of reliability and failure -- 14.3 Failure pattern-exponential distribution -- 14.4 Load and strength — statistical distribution -- 14.5 Reliability assurance — BS 9000 system -- 15 Reliability data sources -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Systems Reliability Service (SRS) -- 15.3 Failure data -- 15.4 Environmental influences on instrument failure rates -- 15.5 Failure data—confidence level.
    Abstract: Although the most sophisticated fault diagnosis and condition monitoring systems have their origin in the aerospace and nuclear energy industries, their use is by no means restricted to such areas of 'high technology'. Modern machinery in most industrial plants is now so complex and expensive that mechanics find it increas­ ingly difficult to detect failure by, for instance, recognising changes in sound 'signatures', and few plants can afford the luxury of regular 'stripping down'. Increasingly, therefore, eady-warning devices are being employed in an effort to prevent catastrophic breakdown. This book provides the first co-ordinated compilation of fault diagnosis and con­ dition monitoring devices. It proceeds in three logical steps. The eady chapters deal with those conditions which contribute to deterioration and the consequent likely development of faults. The middle part of the book considers the various tech­ niques of monitoring and discusses the criteria for their selection in different situ­ ations. The final chapters provide a guide to the interpretation of the information signals deriving from monitoring, relating to reliability science and the mathematics of probability, and thus providing decision data on which management can act.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Failure types, investigation and occurrences1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 System failure and component failure -- 1.3 Failure decisions -- 1.4 Failure classifications -- 1.5 Types of failure -- 1.6 Failure investigations -- 1.7 Failure case studies -- 1.8 Human factors in failure incidents -- 2 Causes of failure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Service failures -- 2.3 Fatigue -- 2.4 Excessive deformation -- 2.5 Wear -- 2.6 Corrosion -- 2.7 Blockage, sludges -- 2.8 Blockage in cooling systems -- 2.9 Design, manufacturing and assembly causes of failure -- 3 Fault detection sensors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Contaminant monitoring -- 3.3 Corrosion monitoring -- 3.4 Force monitoring -- 3.5 Gas leakage monitoring -- 3.6 Air pollution monitoring -- 3.7 Liquid contamination monitoring -- 3.8 Non-destructive testing techniques -- 3.9 Optical examination -- 3.10 Temperature sensing -- 3.11 Particle testing -- 3.12 Proximity monitors -- 3.13 Sound monitoring -- 3.14 Vibration transducers -- 3.15 Telemetry -- 4 Data processing and analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fourier analysis -- 4.3 Frequency analysis techniques -- 4.4 Derived functions -- 5 Vibration analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Vibration-simple harmonic motion concept -- 5.3 Vibration signature of active systems -- 5.4 Vibration monitoring equipment -- 5.5 System monitors and vibration limit detectors -- 5.6 Vibration monitoring experience -- 5.7 Critical vibration levels -- 6 Sound monitoring -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sound frequencies -- 6.3 Sound loudness measurement -- 6.4 Acoustic power -- 6.5 Sound measurement -- 6.6 Magnetic tape recorders -- 6.7 Sound level meters -- 6.8 Sound analysers -- 6.9 Sound signal data processing -- 6.10 Sound monitoring -- 7 Discrete frequencies -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Simple vibrations -- 7.3 Transverse vibrations of bars - approximate frequency calculations -- 7.4 More precise evaluations - overtones -- 7.5 Torsional oscillation of flywheel-bearing shafts -- 7.6 Belt drives -- 7.7 Whirling of marine line shafting -- 7.8 Gear excitation -- 7.9 Rolling element bearing -- 7.10 Blade vibration -- 7.11 Cam mechanism vibration -- 8 Contaminant analysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Contaminants in used lubricating oils -- 8.3 Carrier fluid degradation -- 8.4 Contaminant monitoring techniques (wear processes) -- 8.5 Oil degradation analysis -- 8.6 Abrasive particles in lubricating oil -- 8.7 Abrasive particles in bearings -- 8.8 Abrasive particles in hydraulic systems -- 8.9 Dissolved gas fault monitoring -- 9 SOAP and other contaminant monitoring techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Spectrometric oil analysis procedure -- 9.3 Magnetic chip detectors -- 9.4 ‘Ferrograph’ particle precipitation -- 9.5 STM control kit -- 9.6 Used oil blotter test -- 9.7 Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.8 Capacitative oil debris monitor -- 9.9 X-ray fluorescence detection of contamination (XRF) -- 9.10 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry -- 9.11 Particle classification -- 10 Performance trend monitoring -- 10.1 Primary monitoring - performance -- 10.2 Primary and secondary performance parameters -- 10.3 Performance trend analysis -- 10.4 Turbine gas path performance monitoring thermodynamics -- 10.5 Steam turbine performance analysis -- 10.6 Case studies in performance monitoring -- 10.7 Performance monitoring systems -- 11 Static testing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Visual testing -- 11.3 Liquid penetrant inspection -- 11.4 Thermal methods -- 11.5 X-ray photography -- 11.6 Sonics -- 11.7 Ultrasonics -- 11.8 Stress wave emission -- 11.9 Magnetic testing methods -- 11.10 Electrical NDT techniques -- 11.11 Eddy current testing -- 11.12 NDT selection -- 12 Monitoring systems in operation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Marine monitoring systems -- 12.3 Marine condition monitoring requirements -- 12.4 Marine diesel engine monitoring -- 12.5 Marine turbine monitoring systems -- 12.6 Shipboard vibration monitoring -- 12.7 Spectrometric oil analysis programme - marine -- 12.8 Monitoring integrity verification -- 12.9 Aircraft condition monitoring -- 12.10 Condition monitoring - generating plant -- 12.11 Automotive diagnostic equipment -- 12.12 Systematic fault monitor selection -- 13 Fault analysis planning and system availability -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Availability -- 13.3 Failure prediction/reliability assessment -- 13.4 Hazard rate curve -- 13.5 Complex system reliability - Monte Carlo simulation -- 13.6 Hazardous chemical plants - high integrity protective systems (HIPS) -- 14 Reliability/failure concepts -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Probability of reliability and failure -- 14.3 Failure pattern-exponential distribution -- 14.4 Load and strength - statistical distribution -- 14.5 Reliability assurance - BS 9000 system -- 15 Reliability data sources -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Systems Reliability Service (SRS) -- 15.3 Failure data -- 15.4 Environmental influences on instrument failure rates -- 15.5 Failure data-confidence level.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401096539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Sixth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Virus characteristics -- 2 Symptomatology of Virus-Infected Plants -- External symptoms -- Internal symptoms -- 3 Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases -- Metabolism of virus-infected plants -- Translocation of the virus in the plant -- Interference between viruses -- Latent infections -- Resistance to infection -- 4 Isolation and Purification of Plant Viruses -- Elementary tests -- Purification methods -- 5 Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Virus Particles. Plant Viruses in situ in Plant and Vector -- 6 Chemistry of Plant Viruses -- 7 Infection and Replication. Assembly of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle. Incomplete Viruses. Satellite Viruses. Viroids -- 8 Transmission by Vectors -- Insecta -- Vectors outside the insecta -- 9 Transmission other than by Vectors -- Mechanical inoculation -- Grafting -- Vegetative propagation -- Seed transmission -- 10 Quantitative Assay. Virus Inhibitors. Virus Strains -- 11 Serology of Plant Viruses -- Preparation of the viruses (antigens) -- The precipitin reaction -- Some results of the application of serological methods -- 12 Tissue- and Cell-culture of Plant Viruses -- Plant tissue-culture -- Modes of infection of tissue-cultures -- Cell-culture -- Protoplast culture of plant-viruses -- 13 Testing for Viruses: Indicator Plants -- 14 Nomenclature and Classification. Control -- 15 Fungal and Algal Viruses -- Fungal viruses -- Algal viruses -- 16 Mycoplasma-like Organisms -- Index of Authors.
    Abstract: In the sixth edition of Plant Viruses, each section has been brought up to date and some additions made. A short account is given of a new technique, the protoplast-culture of plant viruses. The omission in the fifth edition of the Mycoplasma-like organisms has been criticized on the grounds of the close simi­ larity of symptom expression and techniques of study between Mycoplasmas and plant viruses. To meet this criticism Chapter 16, which gives a brief account of these organisms, is included. Some of the plates have been changed and new ones added. Grateful acknowledgment is due to Dr Aaron KIug F.R.S. and his colleagues, to Drs D. A. Govier, Basil Kassanis F.R.S. and Karl Maramorsch for permission to use their recent work. Acknowledgement is also due to several friends who have supplied prints of illustrations from their published work; credit has been given to authors in the illustration legends. Mr Denis C. Ingram, editor to Chapman and Hall, has been most helpful and co-operative throughout.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionVirus characteristics -- 2 Symptomatology of Virus-Infected Plants -- External symptoms -- Internal symptoms -- 3 Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases -- Metabolism of virus-infected plants -- Translocation of the virus in the plant -- Interference between viruses -- Latent infections -- Resistance to infection -- 4 Isolation and Purification of Plant Viruses -- Elementary tests -- Purification methods -- 5 Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Virus Particles. Plant Viruses in situ in Plant and Vector -- 6 Chemistry of Plant Viruses -- 7 Infection and Replication. Assembly of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle. Incomplete Viruses. Satellite Viruses. Viroids -- 8 Transmission by Vectors -- Insecta -- Vectors outside the insecta -- 9 Transmission other than by Vectors -- Mechanical inoculation -- Grafting -- Vegetative propagation -- Seed transmission -- 10 Quantitative Assay. Virus Inhibitors. Virus Strains -- 11 Serology of Plant Viruses -- Preparation of the viruses (antigens) -- The precipitin reaction -- Some results of the application of serological methods -- 12 Tissue- and Cell-culture of Plant Viruses -- Plant tissue-culture -- Modes of infection of tissue-cultures -- Cell-culture -- Protoplast culture of plant-viruses -- 13 Testing for Viruses: Indicator Plants -- 14 Nomenclature and Classification. Control -- 15 Fungal and Algal Viruses -- Fungal viruses -- Algal viruses -- 16 Mycoplasma-like Organisms -- Index of Authors.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468469646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. The Structural and Functional Organization of the Innervation Mechanisms of the Eye Muscles -- Peripheral Innervation of the Eye Muscles -- Supranuclear Innervation Mechanisms of the Eye Muscles -- Afferent Regulation of the Tonus of the Eye Muscles -- II. Fixation Movements of the Eyes -- The Role of Fixation Movements of the Eyes in Visual Perception -- Microtremor of the Eyes as an Indicator of Combined Activity of Motor Units of the Ocular Muscles -- Mechanisms Controlling Fixation Micromovements of the Eyes -- Plasticity of the System for Stabilization of Fixation -- III. Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- Visual Perception of Moving Images -- Mechanisms of Extrapolation in the Control of Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- Electrical Activity of the Ocular Muscles During Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- IV. Saccadic Eye Movements -- Saccadic Eye Movements and Visual Functions -- Mechanisms Controlling Saccadic Eye Movements -- Electrical Activity of the Ocular Muscles During Saccadic Eye Movements -- V. Convergent Eye Movements -- Convergent Eye Movements and Stereoscopic Vision -- Eye Movements and Reactions of the Pupils During Convergence -- Interaction Among Innervation Mechanisms of the Various Eye Muscles During Convergence -- VI. Eye Movements and Higher Cortical Functions -- Eye Movements and Cortical Unit Activity -- Eye Movements and Local Cerebral Blood Flow -- Eye Movements and the “Constancy” of Visual Perception -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: Dr. Shakhnovich brought out the original Russian edition of this work in 1974. Fully half of that book was concerned with his own studies of eye movements. These included observations on patients with neuromuscular disorders that produced unique oculomotor deficits. Other anomalies of eye motility resulted from local changes in cerebral and cerebellar blood flow and the effects of surgical intervention for aneurisms and brain tumors. Supplementary experi­ ments included the probing of single units in the motor and visual brain areas of rabbits. Still other studies were done on normal human eye movements with the aid of the Yarbus "cap" attachment to the cornea of the eye. A major aim of the original book was to show that eye movements provide a relatively simple illustration of "goal-directed behavior." This traditional Russian theme, developed by Sechenov, Pavlov, and Bemshtein, was put forth as a unifying concept to explain the author's findings. Consideration was also given to Western ideas ana problems that dominated the research of the 1950's and 1960's. Among these, as summarized by Dr. Shakhnovich, were perceptual constancy, corollary discharge, saccadic suppression, and the effects of image stabilization.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Structural and Functional Organization of the Innervation Mechanisms of the Eye MusclesPeripheral Innervation of the Eye Muscles -- Supranuclear Innervation Mechanisms of the Eye Muscles -- Afferent Regulation of the Tonus of the Eye Muscles -- II. Fixation Movements of the Eyes -- The Role of Fixation Movements of the Eyes in Visual Perception -- Microtremor of the Eyes as an Indicator of Combined Activity of Motor Units of the Ocular Muscles -- Mechanisms Controlling Fixation Micromovements of the Eyes -- Plasticity of the System for Stabilization of Fixation -- III. Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- Visual Perception of Moving Images -- Mechanisms of Extrapolation in the Control of Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- Electrical Activity of the Ocular Muscles During Tracking Movements of the Eyes -- IV. Saccadic Eye Movements -- Saccadic Eye Movements and Visual Functions -- Mechanisms Controlling Saccadic Eye Movements -- Electrical Activity of the Ocular Muscles During Saccadic Eye Movements -- V. Convergent Eye Movements -- Convergent Eye Movements and Stereoscopic Vision -- Eye Movements and Reactions of the Pupils During Convergence -- Interaction Among Innervation Mechanisms of the Various Eye Muscles During Convergence -- VI. Eye Movements and Higher Cortical Functions -- Eye Movements and Cortical Unit Activity -- Eye Movements and Local Cerebral Blood Flow -- Eye Movements and the “Constancy” of Visual Perception -- Conclusion -- References.
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