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  • 1985-1989  (22)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (22)
  • München
  • Social sciences  (22)
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Language
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789400910539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (472p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Family. ; Criminology. ; Social groups.
    Abstract: I Introduction: Research On Organization and Accountability For State Intervention -- 1. Independent Representation of Children in Protection Proceedings -- 2. Adolescent Childbearing and Prevention Strategies: Battleground for Testing the Limits of Government Intervention -- 3. The American Indian Child Welfare Act: Achievements and Recommendations -- 4. Policy Development as a Hegemonic Strategy: Example of the Child and Family Services Act in Ontario -- 5. Decentralizing Child Welfare Services: An Assessment of Service Impact, Costs and the Morale of Staff -- 6. Managing the Family Contacts of Children Absent in Care, Professional and Legislative Issues: The Experience of England and Wales -- 7. Efficiency in Foster Family Care: Proceeding with Caution -- 8. The State as Parent: Assessing Outcomes in Child Care -- 9. Child Care Placement Outcomes -- II Introduction: Research On Young Persons In Conflict With The Law -- 10. Social Change, Legal Transformation, and state Intervention: Youth Justice in the Arab Republic of Egypt -- 11. The Scottish Children’s Hearing System: Community or State Control? -- 12. Custodial Control or Community Alternative?: An Examination of the Impact of the 1982 Criminal Justice Act in One Local Authority -- 13. Evaluating Conflicts Between Intention and Outcome Within Changing Canadian Juvenile Justice Policy: Just Listen to What the Data Says! -- 14. Tackling the Conflict: A Framework Analysis of Dispute Settlement -- 15.Closed Units in Institutions for Children -- 16.Law Policies and Implications for the Youth Welfare System: The Hamburg Example -- 17. Hind the Gap: The Creation of the Non-Divertible -- 18. Deviant Interventions or Deviant Youth? -- III Introduction: Research On Child Abuse -- 19. Child Abuse, Social Theory, and Everyday State Practices -- 20. Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: State Intervention in Canada -- 21. Sexual Abuse Prevention Training: Issues of State Intervention -- 22. False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse: Implications for Policy and Practice -- 23. The Use of Criminal Sanctions in Child Abuse and Neglect -- IV Introduction: Research On Children In Care -- 24. Evaluation of Foster-Family-Based Treatment in Comparison with Other Programs: A Preliminary Analysis -- 25. Foster Care Breakdown: A Study of a Special Teenager Fostering Scheme -- 26. Intensive Home-Based Family Treatment: Client Outcomes and Issues for Program Design -- 27. A Belgian Approach to Work Rehabilitation -- 28. Research on Trends in Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth in Aarhus, Denmark -- 29. In Care, In Contact? -- 30. The Effectiveness of Permanent Substitute Family Placement for Older Children in Care -- 31. An Examination of Long Term Foster Family Care for Children and Youth -- 32. Patterns of Care: The First Twelve Months -- 33. Effectiveness Analysis of Residential Child Care Services in Belgium -- 34. Integrating Professional and Community Resources for Young Persons -- 35. The Transition From Long Term Care to Adoption -- Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The thirty-five chapters in this book are edited versions of papers presented at the Advanced Research Workshop, State Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth, which took place in Maratea, Italy, February 20-24, 1989. The Workshop was attended by leading child welfare researchers from most of the Western countries. Represented were scholars and practitioners from disciplines as diverse as law, social work, neurology, economics, political science, education, psychology, and psychiatry. This variety of disciplines considerably enriched the discussions at the Workshop and is reflected in a set of interesting and, we believe, potentially useful research papers. This book is divided into four sections, each dealing with dominant themes of state intervention. The first section deals with research on organizing for state intervention and related ways of providing accountability. The second section deals with research on young persons in conflict with the law, the third with research on child abuse and the final section with research on children in care. Many of the matters addressed in these papers relate to more than one of the topical theme headings and, therefore, might well have been located in different sections of the volume. Each section is introduced by an introductory statement that provides an overview of the papers and issues addressed, and suggests an agenda of research work to be undertaken. These introductions are based largely on workshop discussions and do not necessarily represent the views of their identified authors.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 49
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cartography ; Econometrics ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Geography. ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: I/Dynamic Choice Models -- Dynamic Models of Choice Behaviour: some Fundamentals and Trends -- Is Spatial Behaviour Service-Sensitive? An Empirical Test -- Using Consumer Panels to Model Travel Choices -- Robustness in Modelling Dynamics of Choice -- Inference from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data for Dynamic Behavioural Processes -- An Assessment of Attrition in a Multi-Wave Panel of Households -- Spatial Interaction and Discrete Choice: Statics and Dynamics -- II/Dynamic Urban Models -- Spatial Dynamics and Urban Models -- Some Properties of Spatial-Structural-Economic-Dynamic Models -- Urban Structures, Dynamic Modelling and Clustering -- A Stochastic Model of Intraurban Supply and Demand Structures -- Spatial Systems Modelling: from Land Use Planning to a Geographical Theory Approach -- Measuring and Simulating the Structure and Form of Cartographic Lines -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Thi s book ari ses from The Fourth European Coll oqui urn on Theoret i ca 1 and Quant itat i ve Geography wh i ch was he 1 din Ve 1 dhoven, The Netherlands in September 1985. It contains a series of papers on spatial choice dynamics and dynamical spatial systems which were presented at the colloquium, together with a few other soll icited ones. The book is intended primarily as a state-of-the art review of mainly European research on these two fastly growing problem areas. As a consequence of this decision, the book contains a selection of papers that differs in terms of focus, level of sophistication and conceptual background. Evidently, the dissimination of ideas and computer software is a time-related phenomenon, which in the European context is amplified by differences in language, the profile of geography and the formal training of geographers. The book reflects such differences. It would have been impossible to produce this book without the support of the various European study groups on theoretical and quantitative geography. Without their help the meetings from which this volumes originates would not have been held in the first place. We are also indebted to the Royal Dutch Academy of Science for partly funding the colloquium, and to SISWO and TNOjPSC for providing general support in the organisation of the conference.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789400923911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 12
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Environmental sciences ; Environmental economics ; Human Geography ; Environment.
    Abstract: Section I: Regional Studies -- 1. The recreational use and abuse of the coastline of Florida -- 2. Management strategies for coastal conservation in South Wales, U.K. -- 3. Recreational uses and problems of Port Phillip Bay, Australia -- 4. Recreation in the coastal areas of Singapore -- 5. The Azov Sea coast as a recreational area -- 6. The influence of ethnicity on recreational uses of coastal areas in Guyana -- 7. Recreational uses in the coastal zone of central Chile -- 8. Recreational uses of Québec coastlines -- Section II: Coastal Recreation in Adverse Environments -- 9. Recreational use of the Washington State coast -- 10. Pacific coast recreational patterns and activities in Canada -- 11. The recreational use of the Norwegian coast -- 12. Patterns and impacts of coastal recreation along the Gulf coast of Mexico -- 13. Wetlands recreation: Louisiana style -- 14. The natural features of the Caspian Sea western coasts in the context of their prospective recreational use -- Section III: Planning for Recreation -- 15. Construction of a recreational beach using the original coastal morphology, Koege Bay, Denmark -- 16. Tourist planning along the coast of Aquitaine, France -- 17. Sydney’s southern surfing beaches: characteristics and hazards -- 18. Twenty five years of development along the Israeli Mediterranen coast: goals and achievements -- 19. Differential response of six beaches at Point Pelee (Ontario) to variable levels of recreational use -- 20. Anthropogenic effects on recreational beaches -- 21. Formulating policies using visitor perceptions of Biscayne National Park and seashore -- Section IV: Miscellaneous -- 22. Marine recreation in North America -- 23. Beach resort morphology in England and Australia: a review and extension.
    Abstract: Human clustering in coastal areas The coastal zone has gained a solid reputation as a place vocated for recreational activities and this is generally related to the presence of the sea. The relationship, however, does not appear univocal or simple: the sea can be perceived as a hostile element by humans and the more general question of whether the presence of the shore is in itself a favourable, repulsive, or irrelevant factor to settlement is a debatable point, at least for pre-industrial societies. Back in the early part of the 19th century, Friedrich Hegel regarded oceans and rivers as unifying elements rather than dividing ones, thus implying a trend towards the concentration of human settlements along them. 'The sea', he wrote, 'stimulates 1 courage and conquest, as well as profit and plunder', although he realized that this did not equally apply to all maritime peoples. In Hegel's view, different approaches to the sea were mainly the results of cultural factors and, in fact, he recognized that some people living in coastal areas perceive the sea as a dangerous and alien place and the shore as aftnis terrae.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400927131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 393 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Medicines in Context: an Introduction -- The Transaction of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Commercial Pharmaceutical Medicine and Medicalization: a Case Study from El Salvador -- Traditional Practitioners and Western Pharmaceuticals in Sri Lanka -- Medicines and Rural Health Services: an Experiment in the Dominican Republic -- Buying Drugs in Addis Ababa: a Quantitative Analysis -- ‘Casi como doctor’: Pharmacists and their Clients in a Mexican Urban Context -- The Articulation of Formal and Informal Medicine Distribution in South Cameroon -- The Rise of the Modern Jamu Industry in Indonesia: a Preliminary Overview -- The Meaning of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Culture and Pharmaceutics: Some Epistemological Observations of Pharmacological Systems in Ancient Europe and Medieval China -- The Use of Herbal and Biomedical Pharmaceuticals on Mauritius -- The Power of Medicines in East Africa -- Traditional Medication at Pregnancy and Childbirth in Madura, Indonesia -- The Reinterpretation and Distribution of Western Pharmaceuticals: an Example from the Mende of Sierra Leone -- Cultural Meanings of Oral Rehydration Salts in Jamaica -- Penicillin: an Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine -- Cultural Constructions of Efficacy -- Conclusion -- Pharmaceutical Anthropology: Perspectives for Research and Application -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Western pharmaceuticals are flooding the Third World. Injections, capsules and tablets are available in city markets and village shops, from 'traditional' practitioners and street vendors, as well as from more orthodox sources like hospitals. Although many are aware of this 'pharmaceutical invasion', little has been written about how local people perceive and use these products. This book is a first attempt to remedy that situation. It presents studies of the ways Western medicines are circulated and understood in the cities and rural areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. We feel that such a collection is long overdue for two reasons. The first is a practical one: people dealing with health problems in developing countries need information about local situations and they need examples of methods they can use to examine the particular contexts in which they are working. We hope that this book will be useful for pharmacists, doctors, nurses, health planners, policy makers and concerned citizens, who are interested in the realities of drug use. Why do people want various kinds of medicine? How do they evaluate and choose them and how do they obtain them? The second reason for these studies of medicines is to fill a need in medical anthropology as a field of study. Here we address our colleagues in anthropol­ ogy, medical sociology and related disciplines.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789400927315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. Patterns of Continuity and Change -- 2. Infection, Innovation and Residence: Illness and Misfortune in the Torricelli Foothills from 1800 -- 3. Western Medicine and the Continuity of Belief: the Maisin of Collingwood Bay, Oro Province -- 4. Doktas and Shamans among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea -- 5. Illness and Ideology: Aspects of Health Care on Goodenough Island -- 6. Health Care and Medical Pluralism: Cases from Mount Hagen -- 7. The Place of Western Medicine in Ponam Theories of Health and Illness -- 8. The Amele and Dr Braun: a History of Early Experience with Western Medicine in Papua New Guinea -- 9. Medical Pluralism among the Yangoru Boiken -- 10. The Doctor and the Curer: Medical Theory and Practice in Kove -- 11. Gender in the Diet and Health of the Wopkaimin -- 12. Complementarity in Medical Treatment in a West New Britain Society -- 13. Modernity and Medicine among the Maring -- List of Contributors -- References -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (572p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Anthropology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I: The Social Sciences and Biomedicine -- Relationships between Society, Culture, and Biomedicine: Introduction to the Essays -- II: Mind, Body, Values, and Society -- Tenacious Assumptions in Western Medicine -- Mind and Body as Metaphors: Hidden Values in Biomedicine -- Psyche, Soma, and Society: The Social Construction of Psychosomatic Disorders -- III: Reproducing Medical Perception and Practice -- Medical Students and the Cadaver in Social and Cultural Context -- Patients, Physicians and Context: Medical Care in the Home -- Discourse, Descriptions and Diagnoses: Reproducing Normal Medicine -- IV: Medicine Evolving, Medicine Adapting -- Space and Time in British General Practice -- Thinking Prevention: Concepts and Constructs in General Practice -- Clinical Science and Clinical Expertise: Changing Boundaries Between Art and Science in Medicine -- V: Medical Construction of life Cycle Processes -- Babyhood: The Social Construction of Infant Care as a Medical Problem in England in the Years Around 1900 -- Menopause as Process or Event: The Creation of Definitions in Biomedicine -- On the Boundary of Life and Death: The Definition of Dying by Medical Residents -- VI: Biomedical Knowledge and Practice Across Cultures -- A Nation at Risk: Interpretations of School Refusal in Japan -- Medical Practice in Response to a Folk Illness: The Treatment of Nervios in Costa Rica -- VII: Constructing the “Ordinary” out of the “Extraordinary” -- Physicians and the Disclosure of Undesirable Information -- The Technological Imperative in Medical Practice: The Social Creation of a “Routine” Treatment -- The Social Construction of a Machine: Ritual, Superstition, Magical Thinking and Other Pragmatic Responses to Running a CT Scanner -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The culture of contemporary medicine is the object of investigation in this book; the meanings and values implicit in biomedical knowledge and practice and the social processes through which they are produced are examined through the use of specific case studies. The essays provide examples of how various facets of 20th century medicine, including edu­ cation, research, the creation of medical knowledge, the development and application of technology, and day to day medical practice, are per­ vaded by a value system characteristic of an industrial-capitalistic view of the world in which the idea that science represents an objective and value free body of knowledge is dominant. The authors of the essays are sociologists and anthropologists (in almost equal numbers); also included are papers by a social historian and by three physicians all of whom have steeped themselves in the social sci­ ences and humanities. This co-operative endeavor, which has necessi­ tated the breaking down of disciplinary barriers to some extent, is per­ haps indicative of a larger movement in the social sciences, one in which there is a searching for a middle ground between grand theory and attempts at universal explanations on the one hand, and the context-spe­ cific empiricism and relativistic accounts characteristic of many historical and anthropological analyses on the other.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789400937239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 9
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Epidemiology ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Section I: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives -- Introduction: Medical Anthropology and Epidemiology -- Early Work in Anthropology and Epidemiology: From Social Medicine to the Germ Theory, 1840 to 1920 -- Anthropology and Epidemiology in the Twentieth Century: A Selective History of Collaborative Projects and Theoretical Affinities, 1920 to 1970 -- Section II: Infectious Diseases -- Epidemiological Research on Infectious Disease: Quantitative Rigor or Rigormortis? Insights from Eth-nomedicine -- Ethnicity, Ecology, and Mortality Transitions in Northwestern Thailand -- The AIDS Epidemic in San Francisco: Epidemiological and Anthropological Perspectives -- Section III: Non-Infectious Diseases -- Migration and Hypertension: An Ethnography of Disease Risk in an Urban Samoan Community -- The Meaning of Lumps: A Case Study of the Ambiguities of Risk -- Section IV: Psycho-Social Conditions -- Colonial Stress in the Canadian Arctic: An Ethnography of Young Adults Changing -- Respondent-Identified Reasons for Change and Stability in Alcohol Consumption as a Concomitant of the Aging Process -- Identifying Psychosocial Disorders in Children: On Integrating Epidemiological and Anthropological Understandings -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Over the past two decades increasing interest has emerged in the contribu­ tions that the social sciences might make to the epidemiological study of patterns of health and disease. Several reasons can be cited for this increasing interest. Primary among these has been the rise of the chronic, non-infectious diseases as important causes of morbidity and mortality within Western populations during the 20th century. Generally speaking, the chronic, non­ infectious diseases are strongly influenced by lifestyle variables, which are themselves strongly influenced by social and cultural forces. The under­ standing of the effects of the behavioral factors in, say, hypertension, thus requires an understanding of the social and cultural factors which encourage obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, non-compliance with anti-hypertensive medica­ tions (or other prescribed regimens), and stress. Equally, there is a growing awareness that considerations of human behavior and its social and cultural determinants are important for understanding the distribution and control of infectious diseases. Related to this expansion of epidemiologic interest into the behavioral realm 'has been the development of etiological models which focus on the psychological, biological and socio-cultural characteristics of hosts, rather than exclusive concern with exposure to a particular agent or even behavioral risk. Also during this period advances in statistical and computing techniques have made accessible the ready testing of multivariate causal models, and so have encouraged the measurement of the effects of social and cultural factors on disease occurrence.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400939851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminaries -- 3. Social Welfare Function, Social Choice Function and Voting Procedures -- 4. First Problem: Cyclic Majorities -- 4.1. The Condorcet paradox -- 4.2. How to conceal the problem: the amendment procedure -- 4.3. How common are the cycles -- 4.4. Solutions based on ordinal preferences -- 4.5. Solution based on scoring function: the Borda count -- 4.6. More general majority cycles -- 5. Second Problem: How to Satisfy the Condorcet Criteria -- 5.1. Condorcet criteria -- 5.2. Some complete successes -- 5.3. Some partial successes -- 5.4. Complete failures -- 5.5. Some probability considerations and the plausibility of the Condorcet criteria -- 5.6. The majority winning criterion -- 6. Third Problem: How the Avoid Perverse Response to Changes in Individual Opinions -- 6.1. Monotonicity and related concepts -- 6.2. Successes -- 6.3. Failures -- 6.4. The relevance of the monotonicity criteria -- 7. Fourth Problem: How to Honour Unanimous Preferences -- 7.1. Unanimity and Pareto conditions -- 7.2. Successes -- 7.3. A partial failure and a total failure -- 7.4 Relevance and compatibility with other criteria -- 8. Fifth Problem: How to Make Consistent Choices -- 8.1. Choice set invariance criteria -- 8.2. Performances with respect to consistency -- 8.3. Performances with respect to WARP and PI -- 8.4. The relevance of the criteria -- 9. Sixth Problem: How to Encourage the Sincere Revelation of Preferences -- 9.1. Manipulability -- 9.2. Performance with respect to manipulability -- 9.3. The difficulty of manipulation -- 9.4. Agenda-manipulability -- 9.5. Sincere truncation of preferences -- 10. Social Choice Methods Based on More detailed information about Individual Preferences -- 10.1. The von Neumann-Morgenstern utility and classes of interpersonal comparability -- 10.2. Old and new methods -- 10.3. An assessment -- 11. Asking for Less Than Individual Preference Orderings -- 11.1. Constructing a social preference order for a subset of alternatives -- 11.2. Results based on individual choice functions -- 12. Why Is There So Much Stability and How Can We Get More of It? -- 12.1. Explanations of stability -- 12.2. Improving the performance of the voting procedures -- 13. From Committees to Elections -- 13.1. Proportional and majoritarian systems -- 13.2. Criteria for proportional systems -- 13.3. Voting power -- 14. Conclusions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In many contexts of everyday life we find ourselves faced with the problem of reconciling the views of several persons. These problems are usually solved by resorting to some opinion aggre­ gating procedure, like voting. Very often the problem is thought of as being solved after the decision to take a vote has been made and the ballots have been counted. Most official decision making bodies have formally instituted procedures of voting but in informal groups such procedures are typically chosen in casu. Curiously enough people do not seem to pay much attention to which particular procedure is being resorted to as long as some kind of voting takes place. As we shall see shortly the procedure being used often makes a great difference to the voting outcomes. Thus, the Question arises as to which voting procedure is best. This book is devoted to a discussion of this problem in the light of various criteria of optimality. We shall deal with a number of procedures that have been proposed for use or are actually in use in voting contexts. The aim of this book is to give an evaluation of the virtues and shortcomings of these procedures. On the basis of this evaluation the reader will hopefully be able to determine which procedure is optimal for the decision setting that he or she has in mind.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401568760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 269 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Public health ; Anthropology
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. History and Social Structure of North Yemen -- III. A Short History of Qat and Its Use -- IV. A Social Institution -- V. The Qat Experience -- VI. The Agriculture and Economics of Qat -- VII. The Botany, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Qat -- VIII. Qat and the Question of Addiction -- IX. Qat and Health -- X. Conclusion -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This book concerns the use of the drug qat in North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic), a country lying on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. However, because this substance is so interwoven into the fabric of society and culture, it is also necessarily about Yemen itself. The history and culture of South Arabia are still relatively unknown to the rest of the world, and the drug qat, so widely used there, is equally unknown. Thus, the material we present here should be of interest to all of those concerned with drug use, those who wish to understand more about Yemen and the Middle East, and to the Yemenis themselves. Another purpose is to develop some general understandings about sub­ stance uses and their effects which are less clouded by the mass hysteria and political considerations which often obscure drug issues in our own society. Examination of drug-use patterns in a country where millions of people are users on a regular basis, and where there has been familiarity with the drug for several hundred years, offers an opportunity to achieve perspectives not possible in countries with different attitudes and without such histories. I am not sanguine about the prospects of our abilities to learn from others or from the past, but I do not think we should abandon hope of doing so.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 6
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology. ; Linguistics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Schools of Thought: Some Theoretical Observations -- Toward a Definition of Schools of Thought -- The Cognitive Divergence of Schools of Thought -- The Implications of the System of Cognitive Divergence -- Social Divergence -- Schools vs. Disciplines: Autonomy and Institutionalization -- Schools and the Legitimation of Scientific Results -- Schools in Academic Science -- The Dual Legitimation System -- Cognitive Consequences of the Dual Legitimation System -- Opportunities for Divergence: Center and Periphery -- Opportunities for Divergence: The Leader’s Status -- Schools of Thought in Linguistics -- II: The Idea System of the Early Comparative Grammarians -- Early Comparative Grammarians: Philosophical and Theoretical Beliefs -- The Schleicherian Synthesis: To Save the Phenomena -- Linguistic Methodology Before 1870 -- III: Linguistics at the German University -- The Idea of Higher Education and the Growth of Linguistics -- The Organization of Teaching and Research -- Linguistics and Philology: Modes of Institutionalization -- IV: The Neogrammarian Doctrine -- The Neogrammarian Inheritance: Linguistic Methodology -- A Method in Search of a Theory -- V: The Neogrammarian Revolution From Above -- The Problem -- A School of Thought as a Bid for Scientific Authority -- The Institutional Setting -- The Neogrammarian “Revolution from Above” -- Cognitive Repercussions of Institutional Changes -- VI: The Idealist Reaction -- Causality and Explanation in Linguistics: the Denial of Science -- Language as Art and the Idea of Linguistic Study -- The Denial of Linguistics: Neo-Idealists and the Crisis of Learning -- VII: Saussure’s Revolution From Within -- The Road to Synchrony: Overdetermination and Its Obstacles -- The Construction of a Linguistic Fact -- Structuralism: Language as an Autonomous Object -- VIII: Schools on the Periphery -- Saussure as a Marginal Man? -- Linguistics on the Periphery -- IX: Conclusions -- Notes and References.
    Abstract: This book is based on the assumption that the development of science has to be understood both as a social and as an intellectual process. The division between internal and external history, between history of ideas and sociology of science, has been harmful not only to our understanding of scientific rationality but also to our understanding of the social processes of scientific development. Just as philosophy of science must be informed by its history, so also must sociology of science be both historically and philosophically informed. Proceeding on this assumption, I examine in detail the contents of linguistic ideas and the changes they underwent, as well as the institutional processes of disciplinary development and school formation. The development of linguistics in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has provided me with a convenient locus for a study of the processes of cognitive change and continuity in the context of modern academically institutionalized science. This book examines first the idea system and the institutionalization of historical and comparative linguistics in the first half of the nineteenth century, and then focusses on the for­ mation and development of three schools of thought: the Neogrammarians, the Neo-Idealists, and the Geneva School of Ferdinand de Saussure.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789400937116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: The Life History Approach to Mental Retardation -- Sarah: The Life Course of a Down’s Syndrome Child -- Life History in Progress: A Retarded Daughter Educates Her Mother -- You Are What You Drink: Evidence of Socialized Incompetence in the Life of a Mildly Retarded Adult -- It Wasn’t Fair: Six Years in the Life of Larry B -- Living in the Real World: Process and Change in the Life of a Retarded Man -- A Case of Delabeling: Some Practical and Theoretical Implications -- Social Support and Individual Adaptation: A Diachronic Perspective -- Theodore V. Barrett: An Account of Adaptive Competence -- Conclusions: Themes in an Anthropology of Mild Mental Retardation -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: Mental retardation in the United States is currently defined as " ... signif­ icantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the development period" (Grossman, 1977). Of the estimated six million plus mentally retarded individuals in this country fully 75 to 85% are considered to be "func­ tionally" retarded (Edgerton, 1984). That is, they are mildly retarded persons with no evident organic etiology or demonstrable brain pathology. Despite the relatively recent addition of adaptive behavior as a factor in the definition of retardation, 1.0. still remains as the essential diagnostic criterion (Edgerton, 1984: 26). An 1.0. below 70 indicates subaverage functioning. However, even such an "objective" measure as 1.0. is prob­ lematic since a variety of data indicate quite clearly that cultural and social factors are at play in decisions about who is to be considered "retarded" (Edgerton, 1968; Kamin, 1974; Langness, 1982). Thus, it has been known for quite some time that there is a close relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of mild mental retardation: higher socio-economic groups have fewer mildly retarded persons than lower groups (Hurley, 1969). Similarly, it is clear that ethnic minorities in the United States - Blacks, Mexican-Americans, American Indians, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians, and others - are disproportionately represented in the retarded population (Mercer, 1968; Ramey et ai., 1978).
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400938953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 325 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 50
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I / Philosophy and Logic -- On Some Limits and Resources of Common-Sense Psychology -- Probability and Proportions -- Why Substitutional Quantification Does Not Express Existence -- II / Methodology of Social Sciences -- Ideology and Science -- Some Imperfections in the Scientific Communication System and a Possible Remedy -- Value-Free vs. Value-Conscious Social Sciences -- III / Economics and Social Issues -- Public Bads and Socio-Moral Reasoning: The Case of the New Social Movements in Germany -- The Impact of Computers on Job Opportunities: An Analysis of Employment Trends, 1972–1982 -- Insurance without Utility Theory -- IV / Game and Decision Theory -- Three Theorems on the Theory of Cardinal Utility and Random Choice -- Chairman Paradoxes under Approval Voting -- Some Recent Developments in Game Theory -- Foundations of Preference -- What Does Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem Tell Us? -- Choice Processes, Computability and Complexity: Computable Choice Functions -- Curriculum Vitae Werner Leinfellner -- Werner Leinfellner:Selected Bibliograph -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This collection of articles contains contributions from a few of Werner Leinfellner's many friends and colleagues. Some of them are former students of Werner's. Others were colleagues of his at various American and European universities. Further, some have come to know Werner through his research, his long-standing editorship of Theory and Deci­ sion and his extensive participation in international conferences and congresses. The following articles are new to this volume. The areas covered are those in which Werner continues to play an active professional role. We offer them as a tribute to the many and multi-faceted contributions to the scientific enterprise for which Werner Leinfellner is so widely known. We believe such a festschrift to be fitting and long overdue. Because of the breadth of Werner's professional associations, it was difficult to select representatives from among his many spheres of influence. We apologize to the many scholars who could not be in­ cluded because of time and space considerations. Finally, we wish to express appreciation to Dean John Guilds of the University of Arkansas for providing financial support early on in the evolution of this project, to Jennifer Bauman for her bravura performance in copy-editing the manuscripts, and to our publisher at Reidel for bringing this volume to press.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400935037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Shame and Feelings of Modesty -- The “Location” of the Feeling of Shame and Man’s Way of Existing -- I. The Preconditions for the Occurrence of Shame of the Body -- II. Shame and Related Feelings -- III. Basic Forms of the Feeling of Shame and Theories of its Origin -- IV. The Sexual Feeling of Shame and its Function -- V. Psychic and Bodily Feeling of Shame in Man and Woman -- Repentance and Rebirth -- Exemplars of Person and Leaders -- I. Some General Comments concerning Personal Exemplars and Leaders -- II. The Mind of the Person in the Formation of Human Groups. The Vehicles of the Effectiveness of Personal Exemplars (The Formation of Fate). Models of Personal Exemplars -- III. The Saint -- IV. The Genius -- V. The Hero -- VI. The Leading Mind of Civilization -- VII. The Master in the Art of Living -- Bibliography of English Translations of the Works of Max Scheler.
    Abstract: From the mysterious powers and forces peculiar to both individual and community that can turn our lives into either good or bad lives, I wish to point to two such powers being at the same time different in their own nature and yet closely related to each other: The powers that emerge from exemplary persons and leaders. Understood as basic to both sociology and the philosophy of history, it comes to us as no surprise that the problem of exemplary persons and leaders - along with the questions of the qualities types, selections and education of leaders; forms of unison existing be­ tween leaders and their followers, all of which belonging to the subdivisions of this problem - must be a burning problem for a people whose historical leaders from all walks of life have, in part, been swept away by wars and revolutions. This fact we also find in all salient epochs of history characterized more or less by changes in leadership. It is precisely for this reason that in our own time every group appears to struggle ever so hard with this problem, namely, who their leaders should be. This pertains equally to a group within a party, to a class, to occupations, to unions, to various schools or present-day youth movements, and even to religious and ecclesias­ tical groupings. Beyond any comparison, there is yearning everywhere for lead­ ership.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 368 p) , digital
    Edition: Fifth Revised Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: 1: World Organizations -- 1. The International Monetary Fund -- 2. The World Bank Group -- 3. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade -- 4. The Commodity Agreements. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) -- 2: European Organizations -- 5. Benelux -- 6. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- 7. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance -- 8. The European Communities -- 9. The European Free Trade Association -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Der Worte sind genug gewechse/t, lasst mich auch endlich Taten sehn. J.W. GOETHE Since the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which are analysed in Part 1, are spe­ cialized agencies linked by special agreements with the United Nations, a few words about the UN and two of the other specialized agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labour Organization, are called for. This is followed by a short account of the Bank for International Settlements, which is also referred to in connection with the IMF and the IBRD. The rest of this introduction is devoted to some non-European attempts at economic integration (which have not yet been very successful) and to the regional development banks. 1. The United Nations (UN) The United Nations comprises 159 countries (September 1986) which have accepted the Charter of the United Nations, which was signed at San Francisco on 26 June 1945 by fifty-one states and came into force on 24 October 1945. The aims of the organization include the maintenance of peace and security, the promotion of better standards of living and the encouragement of economic and social progress for all nations by means of international cooperation. The principal organs of the UN are: The General Assembly The Security Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The Trusteeship Council The International Court of Justice The Secretariat.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400946163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 47
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Rationality and Uncertainty in Decision Theory -- Rationality and Uncertainty -- Practical Certainty and the Acceptance of Empirical Statements -- A New Basis for Decision Theory -- Some Questions about Bayesian Decision Theory -- Regret, Recrimination and Rationality -- II. Utility and Uncertainty -- Determination of Cardinal Utility According to an Intrinsic Invariant Model -- The Present State of Utility Theory -- A Characterization of Decision Matrices that Yield Instrumental Expected Utility -- Associative Means and Utility Theory -- On Utility Functions in a Financial Context -- The Generalized Means Model (GMM) for Non-Deterministic Decision Making -- Individual Cardinal Utility, Interpersonal Comparisons, and Social Choice -- Surviving Implications of Expected Utility Theory -- Consistency and Expected Utility Theory -- Aggregate Revealed Preferences and Random Utility Theory -- Concave Additively Decomposable Representing Functions and Risk Aversion -- III. Information and Utility -- Concepts of Information Based on Utility -- Information Utility — Statistical and Semantical Features -- IV. Risk Propensity and Decision -- Assessing Risk Propensity -- What Naive Decision Makers can Tell Us About Risk -- A Measure of Risk Aversion in Terms of Preferences -- State-Dependent Utility and Risk Aversion -- V. Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- The Impact of Uncertainty on the Optimal Decision of Risk Neutral Firms -- Strategic Planning Models and Risk Management.
    Abstract: The Second International Conference on Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory was held in Venice, June 1984. This volume presents some of the papers delivered at FUR-84. (The First International Conference, FUR-82, was held in Oslo and some of the papers presented on that occasion were published by Reidel in the volume Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory with Applications, edited by Bernt P. Stigum and Fred Wenst~p). The theory of choice under uncertainty involves a vast range of controversial issues in many fields like economics, philosophy, psychology, mathematics and statistics. The idea of discussing these problems in international conferences has been successful: two conferences have been held and others will follow. The climate of the debate has changed in the meantime, partly as a result of these conferences. It is no more only a question of attacking or defending the neo-Bernoullian assumptions, but also of proposing wider generalizations and including new elements in the analysis of the decision process. For instance Amartya Sen - comparing the two current notions of rationality, internal consistency and self-interest pursuit introduces the concept of reasoning and considers the irrationality which may result from the failure of a positive correspondence between reasoning and choice or from a limited capacity of reasoning. Rationality is also considered with respect to the controversial axiom of strong independence. John C. Harsanyi introduces the concept of practical certainty, i. e.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789400946262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 48
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I. Basic Characteristics of Socialist Economic Organizations -- 1 Organizational and Economic Principles of Socialist Public Production Management -- 2 Management of the National Economy: Organizational Structure -- II. Organizational System: Principles and Methods of Design -- 3 The Management Staff and Rationalization of an Enterprise -- 4 Design of Management Organizational Structure: Processes and Techniques -- III. The Development of Management Organization Structure -- 5 The Management Organization Structure of a Large-Scale Industrial Complex: the KAMAZ Case -- 6 Matrix Organization for Technological Innovation Management: the Case of UralElectroTyazhMash (UETM) -- 7 The Management System of the Goal-Oriented Environmental Protection Program in the Latvian SSR -- References.
    Abstract: This book is the result of extensive studies by the authors in the fields of research in. and analysis and design of. the system of management of production organizations under a socialist econ­ omy. The management of the national economy in the USSR is developed on a planned basis. This work is part of the general state-sponsored strategy of economic development which is dis­ cussed and laid down by the Congresses of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) and is then translated into concrete decisions of the government and other bodies of economic and regional management. The general policies on management improvement are closely scrutinized by these bodies. the leaders of the Party and the State. and the Soviet press. In the recent years this work has acquired special importance. The party and economic management of all levels. scientists. and experts are faced with the task of introducing. in a short period of time. radical changes in the plan­ ning and operating. creating thereby a holistic management sys­ tem based on scientific recommendations and effective practical experience.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400946743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 183
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Introduction: Chaim Perelman’s Address at the Ohio State University -- I: Argument -- The Changing Strategies of Argumentation from Ancient to Modern Times -- Implications of Perelman’s Theory of Argumentation for Theory of Persuasion -- Arguing: The Art of Being Human -- An Axiological Analysis of Chaim Perelman’s Theory of Practical Reasoning -- Judging the Quality of Audiences and Narrative Rationality -- Mecum meditari: Demolishing Doubt, Building a Prayer -- Problematology and Rhetoric -- II: Justice -- Justice and Justification in the New Rhetoric -- The Rational and the Reasonable: Dialectic or Parallel Systems? -- Pragmatic Justification and Perelman’s Philosophical Rhetoric -- The Evolution of Judicial Justification: Perelman’s Concept of the Rational and the Reasonable -- Perelman and the Philosophy of Law -- III: Social Application -- Reason and Rhetorical Practice: The Inventional Agenda of Chaim Perelman -- The Universal Audience Revisited -- The Contemporary Emergence of the Jurisprudential Model: Perelman in the Information Age -- Perelman on Justice and Political Institutions -- Social Ontology and Responsive Law -- The Teflon President: The Relevance of Chaim Perelman’s Formulations for the Study of Political Communication -- The Concrete-Universal: A Social Science Foundation for the New Rhetoric -- About the Contributors -- About the Editors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This anthology of original essays has been nearly .two and one-half years in the making, and reflects the generous effort of many persons. To begin with, we thank the contributors to the volume, who not only cooperated with regards to their own works, but who also provided valuable advice concerning the over-all volume. One of the contributors was outstanding in his assistance and warrants special mention: we thank Professor Michel Meyer, for his encouragement, counsel, and dedication to see this project to comple­ tion. We would also like to thank Professor Jaakko Hintikka for his encouragement and Mrs. Kuipers of Reidel for her patience and under­ standing along the way. A project such as this could never have been completed without the unique assistance of members of the Department of Communication, Ohio State University: Ms. Kimberly Pasi and Mr. Charles Mawhirtcr. Also, special thanks are due to our graduate research assistant Ms. Susan Jasko, for her proofreading and bibliographic work. The pressures of developing a Festschrift are considerable and could not have been met without the cooperation and enthusiasm of Mrs. Perelman, especially in allowing us to publish Professor Perelman's address to Ohio State University as our introduction.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (544p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 93
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 93
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Problems and Theories in the Social Sciences -- I.1. Objectivism Versus Relativism -- 1 / The Notion of a Social Science -- 2 / Social Perception and Social Change -- 3 / Realism and the Supposed Poverty of Sociological Theories -- 4 / Rationality and Relativism -- 5 / Popper on the Difference between the Natural and the Social Sciences -- I.2. Philosophy of Anthropology -- 6 / The Emergence of Social Anthropology from Philosophy -- 7 / On Theories of Fieldwork and the Scientific Character of Social Anthropology -- 8 / Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology -- 9 / On the Objectivity of Anthropology -- 10 / The Problem of Ethical Integrity in Participant Observation -- 11 / Anthropology as Science and the Anthropology of Science and of Anthropology -- 12 / Epistle to the Anthropologists -- 13 / On the Limits of Symbolic Interpretation in Anthropology -- 14 / The Problem of the Ethnographic Real -- 15 / Anthropologists and the Irrational -- 16 / Freeman on Mead -- II: Applications and Implications -- II.1 Society and the Arts -- 17 / The Objectivity of Criticism of the Arts -- 18 / The Rationality of Creativity -- II.2. Society and Technology -- 19 / Technology and the Structure of Knowledge -- 20 / The Social Character of Technological Problems -- 21 / Is Technology Unnatural? -- 22 / Utopia and the Architect -- II.3. Society and social control -- 23 / Nationalism and the Social Sciences -- 24 / Explorations in the Social Career of Movies: Business and Religion -- 25 / Methodological and Conceptual Problems in the Study of Pornography and Violence -- Sources -- List of Publications -- Indexes.
    Abstract: I. C. Jarvie was trained as a social anthropologist in the center of British social anthropology - the London School of Economics, where Bronislaw Malinowski was the object of ancestor worship. Jarvie's doctorate was in philosophy, however, under the guidance of Karl Popper and John Watkins. He changed his department not as a defector but as a rebel, attempting to exorcize the ancestral spirit. He criticized the method of participant obser­ vation not as useless but as not comprehensive: it is neither necessary nor sufficient for the making of certain contributions to anthropology; rather, it all depends on the problem-situation. And so Jarvie remained an anthro­ pologist at heart, who, in addition to some studies in rather conventional anthropological or sociological molds, also studied the tribe of social scien­ tists, but also critically examining their problems - especially their overall, rather philosophical problems, but not always so: a few of the studies in­ cluded in this volume exemplify his work on specific issues, whether of technology, or architecture, or nationalism in the academy, or moviemaking, or even movies exhibiting excessive sex and violence. These studies attract his attention both on account of their own merit and on account of their need for new and powerful research tools, such as those which he has forged in his own intellectual workshop over the last two decades.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400953826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Behavior Settings as a Basis for Social System Accounts -- 2. The Usefulness of Behavior Settings for Classifying and Describing Human Activities in a Community -- 3. Behavior Settings and Objective Social Indicators -- 4. The Classification of Behavior Settings in Social System Accounts -- 5. The Classification of Roles in Social System Accounts -- 6. The Classification of Stocks of Physical Capital and Consumer Durables in Social System Accounts -- 7. The Classification and Delineation of Communities and Regions in Social System Accounts -- 8. A Behavior Setting Approach to Microanalytical Simulation Models at the Community Level -- 9. Some Broader Implications of Behavior Settings for the Social Sciences -- 10. Social System Accounts Based on Behavior Settings: Some Next Steps -- References -- Appendix I. Behavior Settings, Ecological Psychology, and Eco-Behavioral Science: Some Annotated References to the Basic Literature -- Appendix II. Selected Publications and Unpublished Manuscripts by Karl A. Fox and Associates Making Use of Behavior Setting Concepts -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book results from a research program on which I have spent most of my time since 1974. It addresses two of the major problems facing social system account ing: how to measure and account for nonmarket activities and how to combine social and economic indicators. The solution I propose is accounts based on behavior settings, a concept originated by Roger G. Barker more than thirty years ago. Behavior settings are the natural units of social activity into which people sort themselves to get on with the busi­ ness of daily life--grocery stores, school classes, reI i­ gious services, meetings, athletic events, and so on. The descriptive power of behavior settings has been established in surveys of complete communities in the United States and England, of high schools ranging in size from fewer than 100 to more than 2000 students, of rehabilitation centers in hospitals, and of several other types of organizations. Behavior settings are empirical facts of everyday life. A description of a community or an organization in terms of behavior settings corresponds to common experi­ ence. In many cases, small establishments are behavior settings; the paid roles in behavior settingsare occupa­ tions; and the buildings and equipment of establishments are the buildings and equipment of behavior settings.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 43
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I -- Analytical Action Theory: Breakthroughs and Deadlocks -- One Action — Two Theories? Comments on I. Thalberg -- The Contradictory Aims of Action Theory. Comments on I. Thalberg -- II -- The Concept of ‘Action’ in Sociological Analysis -- Comments on Jonathan H. Turner, ‘The Concept of “Action” in Sociological Analysis’ -- Action, and Social Action. Comments on J. H. Turner -- III -- Social Action -- Analytical Action Theory as a Conceptual Basis of Social Science. Comments on Raimo Tuomela’s Paper ‘Social Action’ -- We-Intentions and Process-Oriented Problems of Social Action. Comments on Raimo Tuomela’s Paper ‘Social Action’ -- Reply to Seebaß and Miller -- IV -- Remarks on the Concept of Communicative Action -- Habermas on Communicative Action -- Understanding as an Aim and Aims of Understanding. Comments on Jürgen Habermas -- Critique of Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action -- V -- Max Weber’s Distinction Between Means-End Rationality and Value-Rationality — Rationale, Scope, Difficulties -- Value-Rationality and the Distinction Between Goal-Oriented and Value-Oriented Behavior in Weber -- Value-Rationality in Weber. Comments on Johannes Weiß: ‘Max Weber’s Distinction Between Means-End Rationality and Value-Rationality — Rationale, Scope, Difficulties’ -- VI -- Rationality and Valuation -- Epistemology and the Rationality of Beliefs and Valuations. Comments on Audi -- Rationality in the Light of the Epistemological Analogy. Comments on Robert Audi’s ‘Rationality and Valuation’ -- Reply to Döbert and Vossenkuhl -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The papers contained in this volume are based on the contributions to an international, interdisciplinary Symposium entitled 'Analytical and Sociologi­ cal Action Theories' which took place in Berlin (West) on September 1-3, 1982. Each part comprises a main paper followed by two (in Part IV three) papers commenting on it. On the whole there is an equal division into philo­ sophical and sociological papers. In particular each main paper receives both inter- and innerdisciplinary comments. The Berlin Symposium was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Bonn) and, to a smaller extent, by the Freie UniversiHit Berlin; both grants are acknowledged gratefully. Berlin and Helsinki, May 1984 GOTTFRIED SEEBASS RAIMO TUOMELA vii GOTTFRIED SEEBASS INTRODUCTION I. It is a striking fact that the extended efforts of both sociologists and analytical philosophers to work out what is termed a 'theory of action' have taken little, if any, account of each other. Yet of the various reasons for this that come to mind none appears to be such as to foil any hopes for fruitful interdisciplinary exchange. Being concerned, apparently, with the same set of phenomena, viz. individual and social actions, the two theories can reasonably be expected to be partially overlapping as well as competitive and complementary. Accordingly each can eventually be shown by the other to need completion or revision. Whether or to what extent this is the case is subject to inquiry and discussion.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789400952515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 7
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 7
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Culture-Bound or Construct-Bound? The Syndromes and DSM-III -- Sorting the Culture-Bound Syndromes -- I: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which some Evidence Supports the Hypothesis of a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor -- A. The Startle Matching Taxon -- The Resolution of the Latah Paradox -- Paradox Lost: The Latah Problem Revisited -- Latah II — Problems with a Purely Symbolic Interpretation: A Reply to Michael G. Kenny -- Shamans and Imu: Among Two Ainu Groups — Toward a Cross-Cultural Model of Interpretation -- Commentary -- B. The Sleep Paralysis Taxon -- Uqamairineq and Uqumanigianiq: Eskimo Sleep Paralysis -- The Old Hag Phenomenon as Sleep Paralysis: A Biocultural Interpretation -- Commentary -- II: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor is only Suspected -- A. The Genital Retraction Taxon -- Koro — A Cultural Disease -- Koro in a Nigerian Male Patient: A Case Report -- The Koro Pattern of Depersonalization in an American Schizophrenic Patient -- Indigenous Koro, A Genital Retraction Syndrome of Insular Southeast Asia: A Critical Review -- Commentary -- B. The Sudden Mass Assault Taxon -- Ethno-Behaviorism and the Culture-Bound Syndromes: The Case of Amok -- Sudden Mass Assault with Grenade: An Epidemic Amok Form from Laos -- The Amok Syndrome in Papua and New Guinea -- Amok -- Commentary -- C. The Running Taxon -- Pibloktoq (Hysteria) Among the Polar Eskimo: An Ethnopsychiatric Study -- Grisi Siknis in Miskito Culture -- The Transformation of Arctic Hysteria -- Commentary -- III: Folk Illnesses Usually Listed as Culture-Bound Psychiatric Syndromes which should Probably No Longer be so Considered -- A. The Fright Illness Taxon -- The Folk Illness Called Susto -- Saladera — A Culture-Bound Misfortune Syndrome in the Peruvian Amazon -- Lanti, Illness by Fright Among Bisayan Filipinos -- Mogo Laya, A New Guinea Fright Illness -- Commentary -- B. The Cannibal Compulsion Taxon -- Windigo Psychosis: The Anatomy of an Emic-Etic Confusion -- Commentaries and Replies -- Commentary -- Append -- Glossary of ‘Culture-Bound’ or Folk Psychiatric Syndromes -- Charles C. Hughes -- List of Contributors -- to the Index.
    Abstract: In the last few years there has been a great revival of interest in culture-bound psychiatric syndromes. A spate of new papers has been published on well known and less familiar syndromes, and there have been a number of attempts to put some order into the field of inquiry. In a review of the literature on culture-bound syndromes up to 1969 Yap made certain suggestions for organizing thinking about them which for the most part have not received general acceptance (see Carr, this volume, p. 199). Through the seventies new descriptive and conceptual work was scarce, but in the last few years books and papers discussing the field were authored or edited by Tseng and McDermott (1981), AI-Issa (1982), Friedman and Faguet (1982) and Murphy (1982). In 1983 Favazza summarized his understanding of the state of current thinking for the fourth edition of the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, and a symposium on culture-bound syndromes was organized by Kenny for the Eighth International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology. The strong­ est impression to emerge from all this recent work is that there is no substantive consensus, and that the very concept, "culture-bound syndrome" could well use some serious reconsideration. As the role of culture-specific beliefs and prac­ tices in all affliction has come to be increasingly recognized it has become less and less clear what sets the culture-bound syndromes apart.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789400952058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosphy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 38
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences Methodology ; Social sciences ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Major Problems of the USSR Economy at the Modern Stage -- 1. Fundamentals of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 2. Modern State of the Economy of the USSR -- 3. Urgent Problems of Management of the USSR Economy -- 4. A Brief History -- II. Problems of Optimum of the National Economy of the USSR -- 5. Some Problems of the Theory of Optimal Functioning of the Socialist Economy -- 6. Various Notions of the National Economic Criterion of Optimality of the Socialist Economy -- 7. The Local Criterion of Optimality -- III. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensiv Planning and Management of the Socialist Economy -- 8. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensive Planning the Socialist Economy -- 9. Methodological Problems of National Economic Prediction -- 10. Problems of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 11. Fundamentals of the System of Models of Medium-Term National Economic Planning -- 12. Multistep Approach to Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 13. Balance Intersectoral Models -- IV. Models of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 14. The Sectoral Mathematical Models of Forward Optimal Planning -- 15. The Model of the Transport Complex -- 16. The Mathematical Model of the Upper Level of the National Economy -- 17. Models of Economic Regions -- 18. A Set of Models for Predicting the Social and Economic Results from Realization of the Optimal Plan -- 19. The Procedure of Elaboration of the Optimal Socially Balanced Plan of Developing the National Economy -- V. A Set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 20. A set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 21. A Dynamic Single-Sector Model with Structural Non-equilibrium -- VI. The Multistep System of Models for Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 22. The Multistep Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy with the Local Criterion of a General Form -- 23. Analysis of the Multistep Optimization with Some Concrete Forms of the Local Criterion -- 24. Analysis of the Intersectoral Model in the Multistep System of Planning the Development of the National Economy -- VII. Some National Economic Models of Planning and Management -- 25. Some Models of Territorial Production Planning -- 26. Some Models of Planned Price Formation -- VIII. The Automated System of Plan Calculations (ASPC) of the State Planning Committee of the USSR -- 27. The Functional Structure of the Automated System of Plan Calculations -- 28. Features of Functioning of the ASPC of the State Planning Committee of the USSR in Various Regimes -- 29. Planning the “Capital Construction” Block in the National Economic Plan of the USSR -- 30. Planning in the “Logistics Support” Block -- 31. Planning in the “Prime Cost and Profit” Block -- 32. Planning in the “Labor and Personnel” Block of Sectoral Subsystems and Complexes -- 33. Project Decisions for a Complex of Software Subsystems of the ASPC of the USSR State Planning Committee -- IX. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Rapid methodological progress is now taking place in the USSR in the solution of the problems of developing both society and economy. A considerable proportion of the total methodological problems of the USSR economy are dealt with in the present monograph. This work is intended for economists, managers and specialists in methodology, sociology and applied mathematics, and it may also be useful to researchers into operations as well as to politicians, philosophers and wide circles of readers interested in the present and future problems of the USSR economy. Readers will find here, I hope, answers to many questions. At the same time this work can be used as a manual for students and post-graduate students investigating countries with centrally planned economies. For his monograph the author has used the material originally developed for a special course of lectures called "Macromodels of Planning". Some sections of the book correspond to the subjects of courses on "Mathematical Programming" and "Operations Research" as well as to the subjects of special courses on "Methods of Vector Optimization", "Stochastic Programming", "Parametric Programming" and "Decomposition Methods of Programming", read by the author from 1971 to 1976 to the graduates and post­ graduates of the department of applied mathematics and management processes at Leningrad University.
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