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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (87)
  • 1980-1984  (87)
  • Social sciences  (87)
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Language
Years
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Language: German
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Methodology ; Social sciences ; Philosophy ; Social structure ; Phenomenology
    Note: Erschienen: Bd. 1 - 3
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    The Hague : Nijhoff
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica ...
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Methodology ; Social sciences ; Philosophy ; Social structure ; Phenomenology ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Phänomenologie
    Note: Später im Verl. Springer, Dordrecht [u.a.], erschienen
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    New York, NY : Macmillan [u.a.]
    Associated volumes
    Language: English
    Edition: Repr. [der Ausg. New York], 1968
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Dictionaries
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  • 4
    Language: German
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences Dictionaries ; English language Dictionaries German ; Social sciences Dictionaries German ; German language Dictionaries English ; Social Sciences ; Dictionary ; Social sciences ; Dictionaries ; English language ; Dictionaries ; German ; Social sciences ; Dictionaries ; German ; German language ; Dictionaries ; English ; Wörterbuch ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Englisch ; Deutsch
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781461327271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Language
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: The definition of functions and categories -- Syntactic-morphological discrepancies in Maltese sentence structure -- Heuristic problems concerning the identification of grammatical relations: the case of the Westgermania (Dutch — English — German) -- Verb complements and sentence complements: two different types of relation -- Observations on the syntax of English nominals -- Constructional properties of the sentence -- The structure of infinitival perception verb complements in a transformational grammar -- Passive in a semantic dependency network -- Verb-first clauses in Icelandic, successive cyclic wh-movement and syntactic binding -- The construction of the infinitive with causative movement verbs in French -- Generalized union -- On the status of verbal reflexives -- Reflexivization in English -- Tense and aspect -- The temporal reference of the English futurate -- Prolegomena to a semantic analysis of phase-indicating verbal periphrases in Portuguese -- Time, tense and restriction (On the French periphrasis ‘venir de + infinitive’) -- The organization of grammar -- The configurational matrix -- Towards plausibility in theories of language acquisition -- References.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468478501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 576.8
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Ethics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Economics ; Social sciences ; Psychology, clinical
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789400964303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 6
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Public health.
    Abstract: Section I: Introductions -- 1. Among the Physicians: Encounter, Exchange and Transformation -- 2. Including the Physician in Healer-Centered Research: Retrospect and Prospect -- Section II: Core Medicine -- 3. A World of Internal Medicine: Portrait of an Internist -- Section III: Medical Specialties -- 4. Models and Practice in Medicine: Menopause as Syndrome or Life Transition? -- 5. Mary; Patient as Emergent Symbol on a Pediatrics Ward: The Objectification of Meaning in Social Process -- 6. How Surgeons Make Decisions -- 7. Gentle Interrogation: Inquiry and Interaction in Brief Initial Psychiatric Evaluations -- 8. Reflexivity, Countertransference and Clinical Ethnography: A Case From a Psychiatric Cultural Consultation Clinic -- 9. The Once- and the Twice-Born: Self and Practice Among Psychiatrists and Christian Psychiatrists -- Section IV: Interrelations of Medical Specialties -- 10. Discourses on Physician Competence -- 11. Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: Medicine as Patient, Marginality as Practice -- 12. Disease and Pseudo-Disease: A Case History of Pseudo-Angina -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Abstract: After putting down this weighty (in all senses of the word) collection, the reader, be she or he physician or social scientist, will (or at least should) feel uncomfortable about her or his taken-for-granted commonsense (therefore cultural) understanding of medicine. The editors and their collaborators show the medical leviathan, warts and all, for what it is: changing, pluralistic, problematic, powerful, provocative. What medicine proclaims itself to be - unified, scientific, biological and not social, non-judgmental - it is shown not to resemble very much. Those matters about which medicine keeps fairly silent, it turns out, come closer to being central to its clinical practice - managing errors and learning to conduct a shared moral dis­ course about mistakes, handling issues of competence and competition among biomedical practitioners, practicing in value-laden contexts on problems for which social science is a more relevant knowledge base than biological science, integrating folk and scientific models of illness in clinical communication, among a large number of highly pertinent ethnographic insights that illuminate medicine in the chapters that follow.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461327530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 618.1
    Keywords: Medicine ; Ethics ; Gynecology ; Epidemiology ; Social sciences
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401174176
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Series in Social Welfare 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Foundations for Practice -- 3 Methods of Assessment -- 4 Methods of Treatment -- 5 Problems of Anxiety -- 6 Problems of Demoralization -- 7 Problems of Identity and Meaning -- 8 Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: The essential purpose of this book is to provide practitioners and students of the human service professions with a practice approach and methodology that has been developed over the past ten years in both research and clinical work with older persons. It is concerned with the kinds of emotional prob­ lems that are salient and pervasive in the second half of life, that is, from about the ages of 50 on into the 60s, 70s, and 80s. These problems are often related to inevitable developmental and situational events and losses, as well as the decrements and concerns that are prevalent in the latter decades of life: physical decline and illness, loss of loved ones, concerns about one's own mortality, loss of major occupational and family roles, and the issues of meaning in and about one's life which are raised by these losses and concerns. The approach to these problems will include a range of assessment and treatment methods for counseling and psychotherapy. It will, however, em­ phasize two particular kinds of methods for dealing with these problems. The first of these, cognitive methods, tend to focus on how older persons think about or construe these problems whereas phenomenological methods focus on how persons experience or feel about them. What is common to both is that they are oriented toward the person's perception of the prob­ lem.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400964327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 461 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Happiness -- 2/1 The various meanings of the word happiness -- 2/2 Happiness defined -- 2/3 Components of happiness -- 2/4 Adjacent concepts -- 2/5 Synonyms of happiness -- 2/6 Summary -- 3 Can Happiness be Measured? -- 3/1 Validity problems -- 3/2 Reliability problems -- 3/3 Problems of comparison -- 3/4 Summary -- 4 Indicators of Happiness -- 4/1 Indicators of overall happiness -- 4/2 Indicators of hedonic level of affect -- 4/3 Indicators of contentment -- 4/4 Composites -- 4/5 Do the three kinds of indicators tap different phenomena? -- 4/6 Summary -- 5 Gathering the Available Data -- 5/1 Searching empirical happiness studies -- 5/2 The studies found -- 5/3 Presenting the findings -- 5/4 Limitations of the data -- 5/5 Summary -- 6 Happiness and Living Conditions -- 6/1 Happiness and society -- 6/2 Happiness and one’s place in society -- 6/3 Happiness and work -- 6/4 Happiness and intimate ties -- 6/5 Summary -- 7 Happiness and Individual Characteristics -- 7/1 Happiness and personal resources -- 7/2 Happiness and some personality traits -- 7/3 Happiness and lifestyle -- 7/4 Happiness and longings -- 7/5 Happiness and convictions -- 7/6 Happiness and appreciations -- 7/7 Summary -- 8 Antecedents of Happiness -- 8/1 Happiness and earlier living conditions -- 8/2 Happiness and earlier personal characteristics -- 8/3 Summary -- 9 Conclusions -- 9/1 Conditions of happiness -- 9/2 Myths about happiness -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: This book is about the degree to which people take pleasure in life: in short 'happiness'. It tries to identify conditions that favor a positive appreciation of life. Thus it hopes to shed more light on a longstanding and intriguing ques­ tion and, possibly, to guide attempts to improve the human lot. During the preceding decades a growing number of investigations have dealt with this issue. As a result there is now a sizable body of data. Yet it is quite difficult to make sense of it. There is a muddle of theories, concepts and indicators, and many of the findings seem to be contradictory. This book attempts to bring some order into the field. The study draws on an inventory of empirical investigations which involved valid indicators of happiness; 245 studies are involved, which together yield some 4000 observations: for the main part correlational ones. These results are presented in full detail in the simultaneously published 'Databook of Happiness' (Veenhoven 1984). The present volume distils conclusions from that wealth of data. It tries to assess the reality value of the findings and the degree to which correlations reflect the conditions of happiness rather than the consequences of it. It then attempts to place the scattered findings in context. As such, this work is not a typical study of literature on happiness.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461327851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: General Introduction1. The Barbary Macaque -- I: The Barbary Macaque in the Wild -- 2. The Demise of Barbary Macaque Habitat - Past arid Present Forest Cover of the Maghreb -- 3. A Brief Historical Account of the Recent Decline in Geographic Distribution of the Barbary Macaque in North Africa -- 4. The Distribution and Current Status of the Barbary Macaque in North Africa -- 5. Demography of the Barbary Macaque at Ain Kahla in the Moroccan Moyen Atlas -- 6. The Feeding Ecology of the Barbary Macaque and Cedar Forest Conservation in the Moroccan Moyen Atlas -- 7. Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of the Barbary Macaque in the Fir Forest Habitat of the Moroccan Rif Mountains -- II: The Barbary Macaque in Captive and Semi-Natural Environments -- 8. The Sense and Direction of Captive Breeding Programmes - The Position of the Barbary Macaque -- 9. A Comparison of Proximity Behavior in Two Groups of Barbary Macaques - Implications for the Management of the Species in Captivity -- 10. Breeding Barbary Macaques in Outdoor Open Enclosures -- 11. Structure and Dynamics of the Barbary Macaque Population in Gibraltar -- 12. The Genetic Implications of Effective Population Size for the Barbary Macaque in Gibraltar -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- 13. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendix I: Definition of Age-Sex Classes for the Barbary Macaque -- Appendix II: Diet of the Barbary Macaque in the Wild -- Appendix III: Variant Spelling of Place Names Mentioned in the Text -- Contributors.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401537261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 580 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: I / Design -- 1. Purpose of the Study -- 2. The Concept of Happiness -- 3. Indicators of Happiness -- 4. Searching Empirical Happiness Studies -- 5. Presenting the Findings -- II / Excerpts -- III / Correlates -- IV / Public Happiness -- Appendix A Technical Terms Used in the Excerpts -- Appendix B Measures of Association Used in One or More of the Studies -- Appendix C Test Statistics Used in One or More of the Studies -- References -- Author Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: I / Design1. Purpose of the Study -- 2. The Concept of Happiness -- 3. Indicators of Happiness -- 4. Searching Empirical Happiness Studies -- 5. Presenting the Findings -- II / Excerpts -- III / Correlates -- IV / Public Happiness -- Appendix A Technical Terms Used in the Excerpts -- Appendix B Measures of Association Used in One or More of the Studies -- Appendix C Test Statistics Used in One or More of the Studies -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401730488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 484 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 40
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: The quantitative revolution in geography has passed. The spirited debates of the past decades have, in one sense, been resolved by the inclusion of quantitative techniques into the typical geographer's set of methodological tools. A new decade is upon us. Throughout the quantitative revolution, geographers ransacked related disciplines and mathematics in order to find tools which might be applicable to problems of a spatial nature. The early success of Berry and Marble's Spatial Analysis and Garrison and Marble's volumes on Quantitative Geog­ raphy is testimony to their accomplished search. New developments often depend heavily on borrowed ideas. It is only after these developments have been established that the necessary groundwork for true innovation ob­ tains. In the last decade, geographers significantly -augmented their methodologi­ cal base by developing quantitative techniques which are specifically directed towards analysis of explicitly spatial problems. It should be pointed out, however, that the explicit incorporation of space into quantitative techniques has not been the sole domain of geographers. Mathematicians, geologists, meteorologists, economists, and regional scientists have shared the geo­ grapher's interest in the spatial component of their analytical tools.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 39
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Notes on Vagueness and Mathematics -- Fuzzy Set Theory: Some Aspects of the Early Development -- Plausibility Measures – A General Framework for Possibility and Fuzzy Probability Measures -- Controlled-Error Theories of Proximity and Dominance -- Impartial Truth -- A Geometry of Logic -- Representations of Transitive Fuzzy Relations -- Fuzziness and Fuzzy Equality -- Large Societies and Individual Strategy Selection: A Case Study of Ambiguity -- The Alternative Set Theory and its Approach to Cantor’s Set Theory -- Aspects of Vagueness and Some Epistemological Problems Related to their Formalization -- An Inquiry into Indistinguishability Operators -- A Theory of Commonsense Knowledge -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The Second World Conference on Mathematics at the Service of Man was held at the Universidad Politecnica de Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain, June 28 to July 3, 1982. The first volume of the Proceedings of the Conference, entitled "Functional Equations-Theory and Applications" has appeared in the Reidel series "Mathematics and Its Applications". The papers in this volume consist of the invited lectures delivered at the Conference, Section 7: Non-Classical Logics and Modelling, as well as some selected papers which offer an introduction to the philosophy, methodology and to the lite­ rature of the broad and fascinating field of vagueness, imprecision and uncertainty. The contributed papers appeared in the volume of photo-offset preprints distributed at the Conference. It is our hope that the papers present a good sample with respect to the background, the formalism and practice of this area of research as far as we understand it today. As the subject "Vagueness" touches many aspects of human thinking, the contributions have been made from a broad spectrum ranging from philo~ophy through pure mathematics to probability theory and mathematical economics, therefore the careful reader should find some new insights here. In conclusion, the editors want to thank all authors who have contributed to this volume; the publishers of "Commenta­ tiones Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae" for permission to reprint the paper "Fuzziness and Fuzzy Equality", Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae 23 (1982), 249-267, and D. Reidel for friendly cooperation.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400956483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Series in Social Welfare 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social groups. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Overview of the Book -- Notes and References -- 2 Studies of Decision Making in Child Welfare and Sources of Information for Decision Making -- Decision-Making Studies: A Brief Review -- Information -- Discussion -- Notes and References -- 3 Judgment and Decision Making -- Knowledge Structures and Judgmental Strategies -- Summary -- Discussion -- Notes and References -- 4 A Model for Decision Making -- The Program Environment -- Reception -- The Investigation -- Guidelines for Determining Whether a Child Is in Immediate Danger and, if so, Whether Protective Custody Is Necessary -- Determining Whether There Is Credible Evidence of Abuse or Neglect -- Notes and References -- 5 Description of the Illinois/West Virginia Project -- Project Implementation: The Field Test Sites -- The Research Hypotheses and Research Design -- Case Characteristics -- Training Workers for the Field Test -- Consultation with Project Workers and Supervisors -- Reliability -- Results -- Notes and References -- 6 The Process of Decision Making -- Decisions Made by Workers and Others: An Overview -- Summary of Decisions Mode by Workers -- The Decision Making Process -- Summary of Decision Making Process -- Notes and References -- 7 The Outcomes of Decision Making -- The Outcome of Using Structured Decision-Making Procedures -- Summary -- A Search for Predictor Variables -- A Finding of Credible Evidence -- Discussion -- Limitations of the Study -- Notes and References -- 8 Implications of the Study -- Implications for Child Welfare Practice -- Summary -- Implications for Administration -- Summary -- Implications for the Education of Child Welfare Workers -- Notes and References -- Subject/Author Index.
    Abstract: All countries confront the problem of providing for dependent, neglected, and 1 abused children. While the exact form of institutional response will differ in relation to a country's political and economic structure, its culture and its tradition, the same general kinds of child welfare services have been developed 2 everywhere. Literature from the United States, Canada, and several Western European countries reflects a shared concern about children who reside in unplanned, substitute care arrangements and a growing recognition of the importance of 3 making permanent plans for these children. The American response to this problem took shape in the early 1970s when government at the local, state, and 4 federal levels undertook to fund permanency planning projects. Permanency planning projects were charged with developing and testing procedures that would increase the likelihood that children would move out of substitute care arrangements into permanent family homes either through restoration to their biological families, termination of parental rights and subsequent adoption, court appointment of a legal guardian, or planned emancipation for older children. Long-term foster care, if it was a planned outcome supported by the use of written agreements between foster parents and child care agencies, was recognized as an appropriate option for some children. 2 DECISION MAKING IN CHILD WELFARE Permanency planning projects have had a direct effect on the substantive aspects of social work practice in child welfare.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789400956506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Series in Social Welfare 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Centralization: A Conceptual and Measurement Strategy -- 3 The American Educational System -- 4 The Educational System of England and Wales -- 5 The American Medical System -- 6 The Medical System of England and Wales -- 7 Centralization and Power in Delivery Systems -- 8 Conclusion.
    Abstract: In the United States and other western nations, debates rage over whether welfare, medical care, educational programs, and many other aspects of public policy should be the responsibility of central govern­ ment, local government, or the private sector. In most nations, the issues of regional autonomy and decentralization are constantly in the news, with intensity varying from mild debate to open warfare. Less visibly, battles are continuously fought in the political arena over what groups should have the right to make decisions concerning the allocation of soci­ ety's resources. In response to these concerns, social scientists have focused consider­ able attention on the causes and consequences of centralization and de­ centralization in political, economic, and social organizations. Their analyses of centralization have been varied, ranging from systems that are quite small (e. g. , the family, the firm, and the community) to those sys­ tems that are very large (e . g. , the welfare state). While centralization is a concept of major concern in most of the social science disciplines, each discipline has tended to focus on centralization with a different set of interests. Economists have been very much concerned with the causes and the consequences of the concentration of economic resources. Polit­ ical scientists have long sought to understand the origins and conse­ quences of dictatorship and democracy. Sociologists have focused on inequalities in the distribution of power.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400956421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 186 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Sciences, An International Series 4
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology. ; Developmental psychology.
    Abstract: I Pregnancy and the First Year -- 1 Description of the Cohort, Variables, and General Procedures -- 2 Influences on Perinatal Outcomes (Written in collaboration with Dennis Hocevar and Thomas Teasdale) -- 3 Perinatal and Social Influences on One-Year Physical Outcomes (Written in collaboration with Dennis Hocevar and Thomas Teasdale) -- II Follow-up of the Cohort into Adolescence and Young Adulthood -- 4 The Follow-Up: Sample, Variables, and Procedures -- 5 Divorce and Family Instability (Written in collaboration with Charlotte Reznick) -- 6 Maternal Employment and Child Day Care (Written in collaboration with William Brock) -- 7 Family Size and Birth Order (Written in collaboration with Dennis Hocevar) -- 8 Correlates of Adolescent and Young Adult Criminal Behavior (Written in collaboration with Linn Carothers) -- 9 Long-Term Consequences for Adolescents Identified as At-Risk at Birth -- Epilogue: Implications for Intervention and Social Policy Development -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is the product of the efforts of a number of people dating back to 1956, when Professor T. Kemp, then head of the University Institute for Human Genetics in Copenhagen, proposed a study on the importance of x-ray irradiation in pregnant women. Under the guidance of Professors Dyhre Trolle and Preben Plum of the Uni­ versity Hospital in Copenhagen, the investigation was expanded to deal with prenatal and perinatal factors of importance for the development of the infant. The corpus of medical data that resulted from these efforts was collected and organized by Drs. Bengt Zachau-Christiansen and Aage Villumsen. The project's birth cohort included all deliveries that took place at the State University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, over a two-year period from 1959 to 1961. As part of the perinatal study, the mothers and children were subjected to regular and thorough medical examinations during pregnancy and through the first year of the child's life. The detailed data from these examinations, as well as information about treatment administered, were systematically collected and coded.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400956445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Sciences, An International Series 3
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1 A Paean to the Follow-up -- I Follow-up Studies -- 2 Risks for Alcoholism by Age and Class among Males -- 3 Children of Alcoholic Fathers—A Longitudinal Prospective Study -- 4 The Longitudinal Course of Alcoholism among Women Criminals: A Six-Year Follow-up -- 5 Natural History of Male Alcoholism -- 6 Causal Models of Personality, Peer Culture Characteristics, Drug Use, and Criminal Behaviors over a Five-year Span -- II High-Risk Studies -- 7 Studies of Familial Alcoholism: A Growth Industry -- 8 A Danish Prospective Study of Young Males at High Risk for Alcoholism -- 9 A Prospective Study of Alcoholism: Electroencephalographic Findings -- 10 Prospective Markers for Alcoholism -- III Typological Studies -- 11 Subtyping Alcoholics by Coexisting Psychiatric Syndromes: Course, Family History, Outcome -- 12 Antisocial Behavior, Psychopathology, and Problem Drinking in the Natural History of Alcoholism.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 42
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I / Foundations of Utility and Probability -- The Foundations of the Theory of Utility and Risk. Some Central Points of the Discussions at the Oslo Conference -- II / One Utility Function or Two? -- Utility and Risk Preference Functions -- Neo-Cardinalism -- Prediction, Measurement, and Error of Utility: A Reply to Allais -- III / Prescriptive Versus Descriptive Decision Models -- Remarks to Professor Allais’ Contributions to the Theory of Expected Utility and Related Subjects -- Decision-Aid and Expected Utility Theory: A Critical Survey -- IV / Aspects of Process Utility -- The Importance of What Might Have Been -- Relativity in Decision Theory -- The Utility of Gambling and of Outcomes: Inconsistent First Approximations -- Name Index.
    Abstract: 1. PROGRESS IN UTILITY AND RISK THEORY At the First International Congress of Utility and Risk Theory in Oslo 1982 (FUR-82) it appeared to be a widespread feeling among the participants that the conference signalled something like a paradigm shift in the field. This does not necessarily mean that old truths were discarded and replaced by new ones, but rather that new theories and new empirical evidence were brought forth, compelling old theories to be critically analyzed from new angels. Some of the papers presented at FUR-82 have been published by Reidel in 1983 in a volume edited by Stigum and Wenst0p. The present volume contains com­ mentaries on a number of the papers presented at the conference together with broader outlines of current views on the theory. The observation that utility and risk theory now appears to be in a state of rapid change has prompted us to choose the title PROGRESS IN UTILITY AND RISK THEORY for the book, in the belief that science always moves from poorer to more advanced paradigms or from weaker to more forceful theories. In other words, change is usually progress, even though intermediate stages in a para­ digm shift may be bewildering, to say the least.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400963344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 41
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- I. Introduction -- II. On Theory -- 1. Aggregation without side conditions -- 2. Aggregation of production functions under optimum conditions -- 3. Aggregation and individual preferences -- 4. Aggregation and the distribution of individual characteristics -- 5. Linear aggregation and estimation -- 6. Aggregation over arguments of a function -- III. Some Applications -- 7. Aggregation and consumer behaviour -- 8. Collective choice and macro-economic policy -- IV. Epilogue: Optimal aggregation -- IV. Epilogue: Optimal aggregation -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Our interest in problems of aggregation originates from about seven years ago when we became involved in research in the field of applied microeconomics. To our astonishment a vast majority of researchers in this area took it for granted that their, mostly thoroughly derived, micro models could meaningfully be confronted with per capita data. Nany of them did not even realize - at least they gave no utterance to it - that applying macro data in micro models raises considerable problems. Those who did mention the difficulty, almost always belittled its importance. Fortunately, there are noteworthy exceptions. Thinking about aggregation raises at least two questions: "Why or why not aggregate?" and "How to aggregate and, in particular, to what degree?" General answers to these questions can only be given in uninformative wording (as many assertions in economics): one aggregates for the sake of tractability, because of the lack of (individual) data, to avoid or to reduce multicollineartiy, to save degrees of freedom; one abstains from aggregation to avoid loss of information, to avoid aggregation biases and one aggregates such and to such degree as to bypass or reduce the drawbacks mentioned above.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349175833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 505 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies Collection
    Series Statement: Contemporary Social Theory
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political theory ; Sociology
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349174287
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 176 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political sociology
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781489950017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 465 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401568647
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 167 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Holocaust Studies Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History. ; Civil procedure.
    Abstract: 1 The Philosophical Implications of the Holocaust -- 2 A Psychological Perspective of the Holocaust -- 3 The Post-Holocaust Generations -- 4 Christian Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust -- 5 German Protestant Responses to Nazi Persecution of the Jews -- 6 The Irgun and the Destruction of European Jewry -- 7 Halakhah and the Holocaust: Historical Perspectives -- 8 The Surviving Voice: Literature of the Holocaust -- 9 Poetry in the Holocaust Dominion -- 10 Holocaust Imagery in Contemporary French Literature -- 11 The Genocide Bomb: The Holocaust Through the Eyes of a Survivor -- Contributing Authors.
    Abstract: The number of books and articles dealing with various aspects of World War II has increased at a phenomenal rate since the end of the hostilities. Perhaps no other chapter in this bloodiest of all wars has received as much attention as the Holo­ caust. The Nazis' program for the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" - this ideologically conceived, diabolical plan for the physicalliquidation of European Jewry - has emerged as a subject of agonizing and intense interest to laypersons and scholars alike. The centrality of the Holocaust in the study of the Third Reich and the Nazi phenomenon is almost universally recognized. The source materials for many of the books published during the immediate postwar period were the notes and diaries kept by many camp and ghetto dwellers, who were sustained during their unbelievable ordeal by the unusual drive to bear witness. These were supplemented after the liberation by a large number of personal narratives collected from survivors alI over Europe. Understandably, the books published shortly after the war ended were mainly martyrological and lachrymological, reflecting the trauma of the Holocaust at the personal, individual level. These were soon followed by a considerable number of books dealing with the moral and religious questions revolving around the role ofthe lay and spiritual leaders of the doomed Jewish communities, especially those involved in the Jewish Councils, as well as God' s responsibility toward the "chosen people.
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468470154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Social sciences
    Abstract: I. Policy Analysis in a New Key: Exploring Alternatives to Positivism -- 1. Interpretive Social Science and Policy Analysis -- 2 Social Science as Practical Reason -- 3 Comment on Robert N. Bellah, “Social Science as Practical Reason” -- 4 Imperfect Democracy and the Moral Responsibilities of Policy Advisers -- 5 Value-Critical Policy Analysis -- 6 Emancipatory Social Science and Social Critique -- II. Social Science and Political Advocacy -- 7 The British Tradition of Social Administration: Moral Concerns at the Expense of Scientific Rigor -- 8 Social Research and Political Advocacy: New Stages and Old Problems in Integrating Science and Values -- 9 Ideology, Interests, and Information: The Basis of Policy Positions -- III. Disciplinary Standards and Policy Analysis -- 10 Use of Social Science Data for Policy Analysis and Policymaking -- 11 Social Science and Policy Analysis: Some Fundamental Differences -- 12 Subverting Policy Premises -- 13 Partial Knowledge -- IV. Toward Ethical Guidelines -- 14 Toward Ethical Guidelines for Social Science Research in Public Policy.
    Abstract: The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif­ ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find­ ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep­ tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in­ fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le­ gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 27
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I: On the Necessity of Socialism -- A. The Marxian Method -- 1. The Marxian Methodology — An Outline of the Idealizational Interpretation -- 2. To Surpass Marx with the Aid of His Methodology -- B. The Marxian Ambiguity. A Proposal for a Non-Marxian Theory of Socio-Economic Formation -- 3. The Ambiguity of Marxian Historical Materialism -- 4. The Marxian Ambiguity: An Attempt at a Solution. A Non-Marxian Theory of Socio-Economic Formation (Model I) -- 5. The Peculiarity of Slavery: The Development through Luxury (Model II) -- 6. The Peculiarity of Feudalism: The Double Cycle (Models III–IV) -- 7. The Peculiarity of Capitalism: An Attempt to Pose the Problem -- C. The Limitations of Marx’s Discoveries. The Generalization of Historical Materialism -- 8. The Basic Limitation of Marxian Historical Materialism -- 9. An Attempt at a Marxist Theory of Power -- 10. Generalized Historical Materialism: Some Main Notions -- D. The Fundamental Mistake of Marx and the Theory of Socialist Evolution -- 11. Preamble -- 12. The People’s Struggle and the Supra-Class Struggle. The Role of the Political Momentum in the Motion of Socio-Economic Formation (Model IP) -- 13. The Peculiarity of Capitalism: The Necessity for the Disappearance of the Working Class Struggle Leads to Socialism (Model VP) -- 14. Conclusion. The Problem of Part II -- II: On the Necessity of Socialism in Russia. Towards the Materialist Reinterpretation of the Marxist Image of Russia’s History -- 15. Introduction. Socialism in Russia: Modern Dogmas -- 16. The Totalitarian Anomaly: The Breakdown of the Double Cycle in Russian Feudalism (13th–16th Centuries) -- 17. Property and Power in Russian Feudalism -- 18. Tsarist Russia Was the Best Developed Capitalist Country -- 19. The February Revolution Was a Totalitarian Revolution -- 20. Totalitarian Society in Russia: March-October 1917 -- 21. The October Revolution Was Not a Social Revolution at All. It Was instead the Result of Anti-Totalitarian People’s Movements -- 22. Conclusion: The Myth of the Communists -- References -- Index of Authors Cited.
    Abstract: THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE: THE POLISH ROAD FROM SOCIALISM ON 1. The history of all hitherto existing societies is a history of class struggle - not only that between the exploited and the exploiters, but also that between the ruled and the rulers. And in modern times, there is in some societies a struggle between those who are exploited and oppressed at the same time and those who at the same time exploit and oppress. 2. The struggle between the owners and the direct producers results from the fact that the former exploit the latter, that is, they take from their labour more than they give back. It is possible since only they, the exploiters, have a monopoly of the disposal over the m~ans of production, and the major part of society must provide them with their labour force. Increasing exploitation finally leads to the revolution of the masses -and the owners are forced to make concessions in order to avoid re-occurrences.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400966727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Sciences, An International Series 2
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Criminology. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- I Criminal Behavior -- 2 Delinquency in Two Birth Cohorts -- 3 Offending from 10 to 25 Years of Age -- 4 Genetic Influence in Criminal Behavior: Evidence from an Adoption Cohort -- 5 Social Class and Crime: Genetics and Environment -- 6 School and Family Origins of Delinquency: Comparisons by Sex -- 7 A Psychosocial Approach to Recidivism -- 8 Testing a General Theory of Deviant Behavior in Longitudinal Perspective -- 9 Delinquency among Metropolitan Boys: A Progress Report -- 10 Hyperactive Boys and Their Brothers at 21: Predictors of Aggressive and Antisocial Outcome -- II Violence and Psychopathy -- 11 Criminal Violence in a Birth Cohort -- 12 Criminal History of the Male Psychopath: Some Preliminary Data -- 13 Testosterone in the Development of Aggressive Antisocial Behavior in Adolescents -- 14 Violent Crime in a Birth Cohort: Copenhagen 1953–1977 -- 15 A Longitudinal Study of Aggression and Antisocial Behavior -- 16 Aggression and Criminality in a Longitudinal Perspective -- 17 Linear Causal Modeling of Adaptation and Criminal History in Sexual Offenses -- III Noncriminal Aggressive Behavior -- 18 Early Life Experiences that Relate to Later Aggression by Women -- 19 Familial Characteristics of Adolescents Vulnerable to Subsequent Antisocial Disorders -- Author Index -- Contributing Authors.
    Abstract: Katherine Teilmann Van Dusen and Sarnoff A. Mednick This introduction delineates what we consider to be three of the most important impediments to the advance of knowledge in the field of criminology. The most fundamental need is for more studies of the nature and progress of criminal and delinquent careers. The second need is for more prospective, longitudinal studies of the etiology of crime and delinquency. The third need concerns the lack of interdisciplinary research toward a more integrated understanding of delinquent and criminal behavior. Criminal and Delinquent Careers The birth cohort study by Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin (1972) was heralded by many (Farrington, 1973; Erickson, 1973; Weis, 1974) as a landmark which allowed researchers to study the course of delinquency without the usual sampling biases that plagued other, cross-sectional research. For the first time, we could get a reasonable picture of when delinquency usually starts, what proportion of the population engages in delinquency, what types of delinquencies they engage in, what proportion continue, and so on. Cross sectional studies do not permit the investigation of careers because cross 1 PROSPECTIVE STUDIES OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 2 sectional sampling includes only portions of careers for many of the individuals sampled. This is just one of the many problems that restricted researchers' ability to study the nature of criminal careers.
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349171446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 227 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social Policy
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political theory ; Social policy ; Social service
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400966819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Holocaust Studies Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Civil procedure. ; Cultural property. ; History.
    Abstract: I Ethics and the Holocaust -- 1 The Value of Life: Jewish Ethics and the Holocaust -- II The Allies and the Holocaust -- 2 The Horthy Offer. A Missed Opportunity for Rescuing Jews in 1944 -- 3 The Struggle for an Allied Jewish Fighting Force During World War -- III The Holocaust: Selected Areas -- 4 The Japanese Ideology of Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust -- 5 The Holocaust in Norway -- IV Reactions to the Holocaust -- 6 In History’s “Memory Hole”: The Soviet Treatment of the Holocaust -- 7 Confronting Genocide: The Depiction of the Persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust in West German History Textbooks -- V Crime and Punishment -- 8 Ernst Kaltenbrunner and the Final Solution -- 9 Attitudes Toward the Prosecution of Nazi War Criminals in the United States -- Contributing Authors.
    Abstract: This book is the second in a series of studies published under the auspices of the Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and U niver­ sity Center of The City University of New York. Like the first book, it is an outgrowth of the lectures and special studies sponsored by the institute during the 1981-82 and 1982-83 academic years. This volume is divided into five parts. Part I, Ethics and the Holocaust, contains a pioneering investigation of one of the most neglected areas in Holocaust studies. Francine Klagsbrun, a well-known writer and popular lecturer, provides an erudite overview of the value of life in Jewish thought and tradition. With full understanding of the talmudic scholars' position on Jewish ethics and using concrete examples of the life-and­ death dilemmas that confronted many Jews in their concentration camp experiences, Klagsbrun provides dramatic evidence of the triumph of moral and ethical principles over the forces of evil during the Holocaust, this darkest period in Jewish history. The next two chapters, grouped under the heading The Allies and the Holocaust, deal with the failure of the Western Allies to respond to the desperate needs of the persecuted Jews of Europe during the Second World War. The first is by Professor Bela Vago, an authority on the Holocaust and East Central European history at the University of Haifa.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400966611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Series in Social Welfare 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical Preliminaries -- Functions of Variables -- Matrices -- Matrix Algebra -- Some Matrices We Will Encounter -- Singularity of Matrices and Determinants -- Inverse of Matrices -- Problems -- 3 Multiple Regression I -- The Model in Matrix Terms -- Review of Analysis of Variance -- Two-Way Analysis of Variance -- The Analysis of Variance of Regression -- Interpretation of Regression Coefficients -- Residuals -- 4 Multiple Regression II -- Building a Regression Equation -- Coding of Categorical Variables for Regression Analysis -- and Partial Correlation-Statistical Control -- 5 More on Matrices -- Vectors -- Transformation of a Vector by a Matrix -- Projections -- Problems -- 6 Principal Components Analysis -- Two Variables, Three Cases -- Two Variables, n Cases -- Three Variables -- p Variables -- Scaling of Principal Components -- Reducing the Number of Principal Components -- Naming the Principal Components -- Example -- 7 Factor Analysis -- Points as Variables Instead of Individuals -- Subspaces -- The Decomposition of Variables -- The Correlation Matrix and Its Factors -- Extraction Methods -- Rotation -- Factor Scores -- Example -- 8 Multivariate Tests of Means -- Single-Sample Mean Test -- Two-Sample Mean Test -- Three or More Samples -- Example -- 9 Discriminant Analysis -- Geometric Representation -- Algebra of Discriminant Analysis -- The Discriminant Coefficients -- Significance Testing -- Classification -- 10 Other Multivariate Techniques -- Multivariate Multiple Regression -- Canonical Correlation -- Multivariate Analysis of Covariance -- 11 Repeated Measures Analysis -- Single-Group Designs -- N-Sample Case -- Appendixes -- A. The Greek Alphabet -- B. Random Variables, Expected Values, and Variance -- C. A Little Calculus -- D. A Little Trigonometry -- E. Still More on Matrices -- F. Logarithms -- G. Matrix Routines in SAS.
    Abstract: Research and evaluation in the human services usually involves a relatively large number of variables. We are interested in phenomena that have many aspects and many causes. The techniques needed to deal with many variables go beyond those of introductory statistics. Elementary procedures in statistics are limited in usefulness to situations in which we have two or three variables. When we have more than that, application of elementary techniques will often yield mis­ leading results. Why are elementary techniques inadequate when applied to many variables? Why, for example, should we not simply interpret a series of correlations of independent and dependent variables? The answer lies in the fact that these correlations are not independent pieces of information. The correlations of vari­ ables x and z with yare affected by the association of x with z. Hence, talk about the "effect" of x on y will be somewhat ambiguous, since we will be in­ cluding in that effect some of the effects of z. We would like to be able to sort out these effects. This is the problem of "estimation," that is, estimating the relationships or effects between variables, taking into account their relationships with other variables.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400970243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 33
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction to Complex Systems -- 1.1 Finite Complex Systems -- 1.2 Some Concepts of Complexity -- 1.3 Fundamental Issues of Complexity -- 1.4 Multi-level System and Control -- 1.5 Design and Algebraic Systems -- 1.6 Models Using Catastrophe Theory -- 1.7 Aspects of FCS Modelling -- 1.8 Computer Models and Man Machine Interaction -- Note -- References -- 2* Mathematics of Machines, Semigroups and Complexity -- 2.1 Finite State Machines -- 2.2 Definitions and Bounds of Complexity -- 2.3 Machines and Semigroups -- 2.4 The Krohn-Rhodes Prime Decomposition Theorem for Finite Semigroups and Machines -- 2.5 An Application of the Prime Decomposition Theorem — Some Results on Combinatorial Semigroups -- 2.6 Calculating the Complexity of a Transformation Semigroup -- 2.7 The Generalized Model -- References -- 3 Complexity and Dynamics -- 3.1 Introduction and Motivation -- 3.2 Competitive Processes and Dynamical Systems -- 3.3 Description of a Dynamic System -- 3.4 Axioms of Complexity -- 3.5 Evolution Complexity -- 3.6 Dynamic Systems of Resource Depletion -- 3.7 Complexity in Thom’s Program -- 3.8 Policy Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Structural Characteristics in Economic Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Preliminary Considerations -- 4.3 Decomposable Systems -- 4.4 Systems Modelling and Complexity -- 4.5 Structure of the Model -- 4.6 The Model’s Basic Set of Relationships -- 4.7 Evaluation of Complexity -- 4.8 Discussion -- 4.9 Comparison with some Studies on the Economics of Organization -- Note -- References -- 5 Complexity, Bounded Rationality and Problem-Solving -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Bounded Rationality -- 5.3 Problem Solving -- 5.4 An Overview of Algorithmic Complexity and Problem-Solving -- 5.5 A Case in Heuristics: General Problem-Solving (GPS) -- 5.6 Planning -- 5.7 Conclusions -- Appendix: Problem-Solving for Energy Technology Assessment -- Notes -- References -- 6 Complexity and Decision Rules -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Background and Motivation -- 6.3 Choice Processes and Complexity -- 6.4 An Example of a Decision or Search Rule -- 6.5 A Social Choice Machine -- 6.6 Complexity of Decision Rules -- 6.7 A Construction of Compatible Decision Rules -- 6.8 Summary and Extension -- Notes -- References -- 7 Complexity and Organizational Decision-Making -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Organizational Structures and Performance -- 7.3 Organizations and Environments -- 7.4 A Real-time Organization -- 7.5 Information Technology -- 7.6 Costs of Information Processing -- 7.7 A Simple Machine Model of Organizational Design -- 7.8 Organizational Malfunctioning and Design -- 7.9 The Case of Line Organization -- 7.10 The Parallel Processing Line -- 7.11 The Case of Staff Organization -- 7.12 The Staff Acting as an Input Filter -- 7.13 Optimization Problem of the Staff Design -- 7.14 The Alternately Processing Staff -- 7.15 The Parallel Processing Staff -- 7.16 Some Practical Aspects of Organizational Design -- Notes -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In this book I develop a theory of complexity for economics and manage­ ment sciences. This book is addressed to the mathematically or analytically oriented economist, psychologist or management scientist. It could also be of interest to engineers, computer scientists, biologists, physicists and ecologists who have a constant desire to go beyond the bounds of their respective disciplines. The unifying theme is: we live in a complex world, but how can we cope with complexity? If the book has made the reader curious, and if he looks at modelling, problem recognition and problem solving within his field of competence in a more "complex" way, it will have achieved its goal. The starting point is the recognition that complexity is a well-defined concept in mathematics (e.g. in topological dynamics), computer science, information theory and artificial intelligence. But it is a rather diffuse concept in other fields, sometimes it has only descriptive value or even worse, it is only used in a colloquial sense. The systematic investigation of complexity phenomena has reached a mature status within computer science. Indices of computer size, capacity and performance root ultimately in John von Neumann's paradigmatic model of a machine, though other 1 roots point to McCulloch and Pitts, not to forget Alan Turing. Offsprings of this development include: -complexity of formal systems and recursiveness; -cellular automata and the theory of self-reproducing machines; -theory of program or computational complexity; -theory of sequential machines; -problem solving, cognitive science, pattern recognition and decision processes.
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Physics ; Engineering ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems in Public Understanding -- Reference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy—In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste—Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley—The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport—When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants—Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
    Abstract: I was not invited to write a foreword for this book. Dr. Cohen, knowing my busy schedule, would have considered such a request to be an imposition. I volunteered to do so in part to acknowledge my gratitude to him for having been a constant source of reference materials as I have turned my attention increasingly to informing both lay and scientific audiences concerning the biologic effects of low-level ionizing radiation. My primary reason for vol­ unteering, however, is to point to the importance of such a book for public education at a time when the media, in collaboration with a variety of activist groups, have developed among the people an almost phobic fear of radiation at any level. I take issue with the words of another Nobel laureate, George Wald, who states regularly "Every dose is an overdose. '" This philosophy has re­ sulted in women refusing mammography for the detection of breast cancer even though this methodology is the most sensitive for detection of such cancers in the early, curable stage, and even though, at present, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It has led a Westchester County, New York legislator to state proudly in the New York Times that he v vi I FOREWORD had introduced legislation that would bar all radioactivity from the county's roads.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Problems in Public UnderstandingReference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy-In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste-Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley-The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport-When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants-Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. The Ethics of Intervention -- 2. Changing Families through Parent and Family Education: Review and Analysis -- 3. A Balancing Act: Preserving Family Autonomy and Protecting the Child -- 4. School, Occupation, Culture, and Family: The Impact of Parental Schooling on the Parent-Child Relationship -- 5. Parents’ Beliefs about Child Socialization: A Study of Parenting Models -- 6. Prompting Parents toward Constructivist Caregiving Practices -- 7. Idividual Differences in Participation in a Parent-Child Support Program -- 8. Beyond the Deficit Model: The Empowerment of Parents with Information and Informal Supports -- 9. Foster Care and Families -- 10. Parents: The Mental Health Professionals’ Scapegoat -- 11. Intervention Research on Families: A Pediatric Perspective -- Author Index.
    Abstract: In a previous volume, Families as Learning Environments for Children, we presented a series of chapters that dealt with research programs on the role of families as learning environments for children. Those studies were based on empirical data and sought answers to basic research questions, with no explicit concern for the application of the results to practical problems. Rather, their purpose was to contribute primarily to conceptualization, research methodology, and psychological theory. Now, in this volume, we turn our attention to intervention-efforts to modify the way a family develops. As in our previous conference, the participants of the working conference on which the present volume is based are research scientists and scholars interested in application. This group is distinct from practitioners, however, whose primary focus is service; participants in this conference have as their primary interest research into the problems of processes of application. Applied professional issues concerning the lives of families come from many varied sources, from some that are distant and impersonal (e. g. , the law) to direct face-to-face efforts (educators, therapists). The variety of sources and types of applications are eloquent testimony to the degree to which families are subject to a host of societal forces whose implicit or explicit aim is to modify family functioning. For example, some educators may wish to alter family child-rearing patterns to enhance child development; the clinician seeks to help families come to terms and to cope with a schizophrenic child. The list can be extended.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Ethics of Intervention2. Changing Families through Parent and Family Education: Review and Analysis -- 3. A Balancing Act: Preserving Family Autonomy and Protecting the Child -- 4. School, Occupation, Culture, and Family: The Impact of Parental Schooling on the Parent-Child Relationship -- 5. Parents’ Beliefs about Child Socialization: A Study of Parenting Models -- 6. Prompting Parents toward Constructivist Caregiving Practices -- 7. Idividual Differences in Participation in a Parent-Child Support Program -- 8. Beyond the Deficit Model: The Empowerment of Parents with Information and Informal Supports -- 9. Foster Care and Families -- 10. Parents: The Mental Health Professionals’ Scapegoat -- 11. Intervention Research on Families: A Pediatric Perspective -- Author Index.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781461337690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 238 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Natural Hazards Victimization: An OverviewThe Incidence of Disaster Experiences -- Hazard-Generated Injuries and Damages -- Sources of Help -- Recovery and Lingering Effects -- Conclusion -- 2 Estimating Hazard Events and Consequences through a Victimization Survey -- Research Strategy -- Research Design -- The Hazards Studied -- Plan of the Monograph -- 3 The Victimization Survey: Data Collection and Survey Implementation -- The Screener Telephone Interview -- The Mail Survey -- The Event Sample -- Analysis of Nonresponse -- Sample Characteristics -- Summary -- 4 The Incidence of Hazard Experiences. -- The Base Period and -- Representativeness -- Hazard Experiences -- Hazard Victimization Experiences -- Comparisons with Other Estimates -- Year-by-Year Hazard Victimization Rates, 1970 through 1980 -- Multiple Natural-Hazard Victimization-Events -- Calibrating Natural Hazard Incidence -- The Spatial and Social Distribution of Natural Disaster Events -- Comparison with Other Noxious Events -- Summary -- 5 Deaths, Injuries, Damages, and Total Costs -- Estimating “Total Dollar Costs” -- Defining Serious Hazard Events -- Injuries and Their Monetary Costs -- Injury Rates by Selected Household Characteristics -- “Total Dollar Costs” Resulting from Hazards -- National Estimates of Total Dollar Costs -- Damage to Property and Personal Possessions -- The Distribution of Dollar Costs by Household Characteristics -- Summary -- 6 Patterns of Aid to Hazard Victims -- A Technical Note -- Insurance Coverage and Claims -- Other Financial Aid Received -- Equity in Financial Help -- Informal Sources of Help -- Help from All Sources -- Hazard Aftermaths -- Summary -- References -- Appendix A Estimates of Victimization and Losses Based on Pre-1980 Data -- Hazard Victimization by Agent: Existing Estimates (as of 1979) -- Appendix B Questionnaires Used in the National Telephone Survey and the Mailed Survey of Hazard Victims.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489904119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit Management and Finance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: I. Research Grants -- A Successful Grant Application to the National Institutes of Health -- A Proposal to Study the Differentiation and Physiology of a Neuroblastoma: A Successful Research Grant Application Submitted to the National Institutes of Health -- Research Grant Budget: Preparation and Justification in Relation to the Proposed Research -- The History of the Inflation-Recession Proposal -- The Unique Opportunity (Comment on the Proposal) -- The Impact of Inflation-Recession on Families in Cities -- The History of the Engineering Ethics Study Funded by NSF -- Engineering Ethics in Organizational Contexts: A Formal Proposal to the National Science Foundation’s Program on Ethics and Values in Science and Technology -- II. Training Grants -- Henry Street Settlement’s Youth Employment Training Program Proposal -- History of the Proposal: A Comment -- Description and Rationale for Proposed M.S. Degree Training Program in Applied Social Research in Crime and Delinquency Programs -- Developing a Graduate Program in Health Advocacy -- Comments on the Health Advocates Proposal -- III. The Arts -- Adding Excitment to Your Proposals -- The Opera Participation Project—Involving Bay Area Yourth in Vocal Arts -- NEA Support for the Small Arts Project -- The Film Fund: What It Is and What It Does -- On the March -- The History of the Living Stage Theatre Company Proposal -- A Proposal to Work With Incarcerated Men and Women from the Living Stage Theatre Company -- IV. The Humanities -- History of the Proposal -- NEH Pilot Grant - Columbus College Proposal for a Three-Quarter Sequence of Interdisciplinary Humanities Courses for General Students -- Grantmaking at the National Endowment for the Humanities -- Critique of Interdisciplinary Humanities Proposal -- V. Federal Contracts -- Request for a Proposal: Solicitation for a Federal Contract -- VI. Foundations and Corporations -- The Preliminary Letter.
    Abstract: application was given describing the research No fund-raising technique is as effective as a personal presentation, a detailed discussion be· techniques, pre-application negotiations with the tween the applicant and the potential funder of granting agency, and the strong features of the the proposed activity held before the written re­ written application that contributed to its success. quest is submitted. If, during the discussion, the Examples that have appeared and continue to appear in GRANTS MAGAZINE were sug­ presentation is made effectively, the chance of success is immeasurably greater and the final gested or contributed by many people, among preparation of the application is comparatively them the magazine's editors, editorial board members, and their colleagues, friends, and easier. It is not, unfortunately, always possible to associates many of whom are successful grantees make a personal presentation. In many, actually or administrators of grant programs. It became most, cases the only form of contact the applicant clear from the number of reprint requests for the has with the funding organization is the written Grant Clinic feature that a compendium of some request. And even in those cases where there has examples that had appeared there would make a been extensive discussion, there always comes a time useful reference volume containing exemplary when a request must be presented in writing in some form. applications.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489927873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: Introduction: Before the Killing Stopped -- Introduction: Death but Not Torture -- 1. The Retributivist’s Case against Capital Punishment -- 2. The Purpose of Punishment -- 3. The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 4. More on the Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 5. Does Deterrence Need Capital Punishment? -- 6. Deterrence, the Death Penalty, and the Data -- 7. The Constitutional Question -- 8. Discrimination and Justice -- 9. Justice and Equality -- 10. Special Cases -- 11. Popular Arguments -- 12. Crimes of Passion -- 13. Death, Rehabilitation, the Bible, and Human Dignity -- 14. The Symbolic Meaning of the Death Penalty -- 15. The Abolitionist Rests -- 16. The Advocate Advocates.
    Abstract: From 1965 until 1980, there was a virtual moratorium on executions for capital offenses in the United States. This was due primarily to protracted legal proceedings challenging the death penalty on constitutional grounds. After much Sturm und Drang, the Supreme Court of the United States, by a divided vote, finally decided that "the death penalty does not invariably violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment." The Court's decisions, however, do not moot the controversy about the death penalty or render this excellent book irrelevant. The ball is now in the court of the Legislature and the Executive. Leg­ islatures, federal and state, can impose or abolish the death penalty, within the guidelines prescribed by the Supreme Court. A Chief Executive can commute a death sentence. And even the Supreme Court can change its mind, as it has done on many occasions and did, with respect to various aspects of the death penalty itself, durlog the moratorium period. Also, the people can change their minds. Some time ago, a majority, according to reliable polls, favored abolition. Today, a substantial majority favors imposition of the death penalty. The pendulum can swing again, as it has done in the past.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461336495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. The Northern Algonkian Project and Changing Perceptions of Human Adaptation -- 2. History and Ecology of the Boreal Zone in Ontario -- 3. Prehistory of the Interior Forest of Northern Ontario -- 4. Cultural Adaptations: The Northern Ojibwa of the Boreal Forest 1670–1980 -- 5. Historical and Recent Demography of the Algonkians of Northern Ontario -- 6. Boreal Foraging Strategies -- 7. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Past -- 8. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Present -- 9. Biological Distances and Genetic Relationships within Algonkians -- 10. Coping with Cold and Other Challenges of the Boreal Forest: An Overview.
    Abstract: The chapters making up this volume are not just a collection of parts which were more or less on the same topic and happened to be available for cobbling together. Instead, they were written especially for it. We had before us from the beginning the goal of creating a synthesis of interest to students of environmental adaptation, but adaptation broadly construed, and to one of the world's difficult environments-the boreal forest. This is anthropology-but not anthropology of the old school. A word of explanation may be in order. Ecologists and those in traditional biological sci­ ences may find some of what follows to be familiar in format and in intellectual approach. Others of our perspectives may feel less comfortable and in fact may seem to be refugees from scholarship more of the sort pursued by historians. All that is quite true and rather nicely reflects the dualities and potential of anthropology as a discipline. We have always drawn strength from the arts as well as the sciences. We have more recently tried to identify biological templates for human behavior, and to understand the reciprocal impact of behavior on the human organism. Anthropology is a discipline, part art and part science, which is at once historical, behavioral, societal, and biological. No species has left a clearer path through time than has ours, and none has made its way through such a diversity of challenging environments. Determining how humanity has managed to do that is our goal.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400968721
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Publications of the Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute (N.I.D.I.) and the Population and Family Study Centre (C.B.G.S.) 9
    Series Statement: Publications of the Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute (NIDI) and the Population and Family Study Centre (CBGS) 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1. Background -- 2. Summary of the study design -- 2. Major Theme of the Study: Degree of Individuation -- 3. Statement of the Problem, Theoretical Framework Hypotheses, and Research Methodology -- 1. Statement of the problem -- 2. Theoretical framework, hypotheses and concepts -- 3. Research design -- 4. Sampling and data-collection procedures -- 5. Questionnaire development and scale-construction -- 4. Cohabitation: A Comparative Descriptive Analysis with Marriage in the Netherlands and in the United States — A Test of Hypotheses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The U.S. and Dutch sampling communities: a comparison -- 3. Some social-economic characteristics of cohabitants in comparison with marrieds -- 4. Some dyadic relationship characteristics of cohabitants in comparison with marrieds -- 5. Dyadic commitment of cohabitants in comparison with marrieds -- 6. The attitudes of cohabitants and marrieds towards marriage -- 7. Balance of power between cohabiting and married partners -- 8. Degree of individuation of cohabitants in comparison with marrieds -- 9. Summary -- 5. An Exploratory Analysis of the Differences in Degree of Individuation between Cohabiting and Matching Married Couples -- 1. Explanation of the analytical method -- 2. Discussion of the variables that influence “Individuation Difference” -- 3. Ranking of the predictors of “Individuation Differences” -- 4. Conclusion -- 6. Reflections -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    Abstract: 1. BACKGROUND In the last ten years there has been much popular discus­ sion and also a great scholarly interest in the so-called "alternative lifestyles" (1). ESgecially, since the late 1J60's, a diversity of lifestyles other than the nuclear family began to emerge, according to demographic changes in household compositions during the past decade (US Bureau of Census, 1979; Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 1930). One lifestyle, non-marital cohabitation, has increased most dra­ matically during the ~ast ten years and is the subject of this study. The term cohabitation will be used exclusively throughout the remainder of this study to refer to hetero­ sexual couples who are living together without being married legally. Despite its recent rapid increase, one should not overlook the fact that cohabitation, in comparison with legal marriage, remains an alternative practiced by a minority of the couples at any ?oint in time. For the Netherlands, it is estimated that 7 percent of all couples are living together unmarried, and 93 percent are married (Straver, 1981). This cohabitation rate is about twice as low when compared to rates in countries like Sweden and Denmark where they are 16 percent (the highest rate in Europe) and 13 percent (Trost, 1979), but still about twice as high when compared to the 3 percent estimate for the United States (Macklin, 1980).
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789400966871
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (271p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Holocaust Studies Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Civil procedure. ; Political science. ; History.
    Abstract: I Introductory Essay -- The Jews of Transylvania: A Historical Overview -- The Post-World War I Era -- Northern Transylvania under Hungarian Rule -- The German Occupation and the Final Solution -- The Ghettoization in Northern Transylvania: An Overview -- Notes -- II Judgment of the People’s Tribunal of Cluj (Kolozsvár); 31 May 1946, Judgment Number 8 -- The Nagyvárad Ghetto -- The Ghetto of Szatmárnémeti -- The Ghetto of Kolozsvár -- The Ghettos in the Székely Land -- The Ghetto of Marosvâsârhely -- The Ghetto of Szászrégen -- The Ghetto of Sepsiszentgyörgy -- The Ghetto of Máramarossziget -- The Ghetto of Szilágysomlyó -- The Ghetto of Dés -- The Beszterce Ghetto -- The Sentences -- Notes -- III Appendixes -- 1. Reference List of Selected Geographic Name Changes -- 2. Number of Jews Deported from the Major Entrainment Centers in Northern Transylvania by Transport and Date of Entrainment; -- 3. Law No. 312 of the Romanian Ministry of Justice, dated 21 April 1945 -- 4. Statement of Laszlo Endre of 17 December, 1945 -- 5. Statement of Laszlo Baky of 18 December, 1945 -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: During the dark years of the Holocaust, many of the millions of labor and concentration camp victims were sustained in their struggle for survival by the hope that their tormentors would not escape retribution. This expectation was reinforced by the warnings issued by the statesmen of the anti-Axis coalition and the declarations of the United States, Great Britain, and the USSR. Shortly after the cessation of hostilities, war crimes trials were indeed initiated in all parts of liberated Europe. Many of the accused were indicted, among other things, for crimes committed against Jews. People's tribunals for the prosecution of war crimes and crimes against humanity were also estab­ lished in Romania, a country that extricated itself from the Axis Alliance on 23 August 1944. The Romanian people's tribunals were set up and operated under the provi­ sions of Law No. 312, issued by the Ministry ofJustice on 21 April 1945. One ofthese tribunals was established in Cluj (Kolozsvar) and entrusted primarily with the prosecution of those involved in the violation of the rights of people living in Northern Transylvania, the part of the province that was transferred to Hungary under the terms of the Second Vienna Award (August 1940) and which remained under Hungarian rule from early September 1940 until its liberation by Soviet-Romanian forces in the fall of 1944. The crimes committed against the citizens of Northern Transylvania both within and outside the province were the subject of two major trials.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401715904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 494 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 37
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Opening Address -- Paradoxes and Their Solutions -- Behavior Under Uncertainty and Its Implications for Policy -- Frequency, Probability and Chance -- Utility Analysis from the Point of View of Model Building -- On Second Order Probabilities and the Notion of Epistemic Risk -- Expected Utility Theory Does Not Apply to All Rational Men -- Sure-Thing Doubts -- The Pre-Outcome Period and the Utility of Gambling -- Empirical Demonst:ation that Expected Utility Decision Analysis is Not Operational -- Risk Attitude Hypotheses of Utility Theory -- Probabilistic Forecasts: Some Results and Speculations -- The Supra-Additivity of Subjective Probability -- A Decision Analysis Model When the Substitution Principle is Not Acceptable -- Generalized Expected Utility Analysis and the Nature of Observed Violations of the Independence Axiom -- Use of Subjective Probabilities in Game Theory -- Bargaining and Rationality: A Discussion of Zeuthen’as Principle and Some Other Decision Rules -- Hotelling Utility Functions -- Cardinal Utility and Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- Decision Making with an Uncertain Utility Function -- Welfare Losses Arising from Increased Public Information, and/or the Opening of New Securities Markets: Examples of the General Theory of the Second Best -- Decision Making in Dynamic Environments -- The Economics of Organizational Design -- Indifference Spanning Analysis -- Evaluation of Oil Spill Combat Plans by Means of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In this volume we present some o~ the papers that were delivered at FUR-82 - the First International Con~erence on Foundations o~ Utility and Risk Theory in Oslo, June 1982. The purpose o~ the con~erence was to provide a ~orum within which scientists could report on interesting applications o~ modern decision theory and exchange ideas about controversial issues in the ~oundations o~ the theory o~ choice under un­ certainty. With that purpose in mind we have selected a mixture of applied and theoretical papers that we hope will appeal to a wide spectrum o~ readers ~rom graduate students in social science departments and business schools to people involved in making hardheaded decisions in business and government. In an introductory article Ole Hagen gives an overview o~ various paradoxes in utility and risk theory and discusses these in the light o~ scientific methodology. He concludes the article by calling ~or joint efforts to provide decision makers with warkable theories. Kenneth Arrow takes up the same issue on a broad basis in his paper where he discusses the implications o~ behavior under uncertainty for policy. In the theoretical papers the reader will ~ind attempts at de~initive Statements of the meaning o~ old concepts and suggestions for the adoption o~ new concepts. For instance, Maurice Allais discusses four di~ferent interpretations o~ the axioms o~ probability and explains the need ~or an empirical characterization o~ the concept of chance.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349170890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 149 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Macmillan Studies in Marketing Management
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Marketing ; Sociology
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781461333005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 615 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Law & Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology.
    Abstract: 1 Scale Needs and Utilization -- 2 Search and Selection of Scales for Review -- 3 Using This Handbook -- 4 Ethical Issues and the Protection of Human Subjects -- 5 MMPI and CPI Special Scales -- 6 Law Enforcement and Police -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Listings -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Listings -- Law Enforcement Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Listings -- Law Enforcement Description: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Description: Listings -- 7 Courts and the Law -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Listings -- Courts and the Law Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Courts and the Law Prediction: Listings -- Courts and the Law Description: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Description: Listings -- 8 Corrections -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Listings -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Listings -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Prediction: Reviews -- Corrections Prediction: Listings -- Corrections Description: Reviews -- Corrections Description: Listings -- 9 Delinquency -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Listings -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Listings -- Delinquency Milieu Rating: Listings -- Delinquency Prediction: Reviews -- Delinquency Prediction: Listings -- Delinquency Description: Reviews -- Delinquency Description: Listings -- 10 Offenders -- Offenders Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Listings -- Offender Description: Reviews -- Offenders Description: Listings -- 11 Crime and Criminality -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Prediction: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Listings -- 12 General Scales -- General Attitude Scales: Reviews -- General Attitude Scales: Listings -- General Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Listings -- General Scales—Description: Reviews -- General Scales—Description: Listings.
    Abstract: In contrast to the great diversity of other crime and delinquency research measures, those drawn from the CPI and the MMPI have much in common. They are taken from standardized instruments administered under controlled conditions, with known stimulus properties and validity indicators. The CPI and MMPI measures will frequently be instruments of choice in research on personality and psychodynamics of offenders. CHAPTER 6 Law Enforcement and Police This chapter encompasses a variety of scales that refer to law enforcement or police agencies. Unfortunately, in the case of many scales, these terms are used simply with the assumption that the respondents understand the concepts and use them in the same way as researchers. In other cases, however, specific policing functions are identified and described. As noted in Chapter 3, a standard order of scale presentation is followed. First the attitudes scales are presented, followed by the behavior ratings, per­ sonality measures, milieu ratings, prediction measures and finally the very broad category of description. After the reviews are completed within each subcategory, other scales in that category are listed. (See Chapter 2 for a description of the criteria that were used in deciding upon whether a scale would be reviewed or simply listed. ) Listed scales are presented by title and bibliographic reference, followed by a very brief description.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349167180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 124 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349168477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 474 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of “Developing Societies”
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Economic development
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400979017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 32
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1: Mathematical Programming and Optimal Control Theory -- An Optimality Condition and its Application to Parametric Semi-Infinite Optimization -- The Choice of a Parameter in a Penalty Method -- Recent Results on ?-Conjugation and Nonconvex Optimization -- On Quantitative Stability of Point-to-Set-Mappings and the Rate of Convergence of Corresponding Algorithms -- On the Penalization Method in Convex Stochastic Programming -- A New Algorithm of Solving the Flow — Shop Problem -- On Dynamic Traffic Assignment -- On an Approximation Problem of Mechanical Structural Optimization -- Optimal Daily Scheduling of the Electricity Production in Hungary -- Power Distribution Planning and the Application of Linear Mixed-Integer Programming -- Optimal Flood Control by Reservoir Systems Using the Reduced Gradient Method -- Instant Optimization of Hydro Energy Storage Plants -- Dynamic Programming in Power System Extension Planning -- Some New Multicriteria Approaches -- Equilibrium Selection in a Wage Bargaining Situation with Incomplete Information -- Planning and Forecast Horizons in a Simple Wheat Trading Model -- Intertemporal Reversales of Environmental and Macroeconomic Policies -- Optimal Control of Concave Economic Models with two Control Instruments -- Optimal Control with Switching Dynamics -- Dynamic Systems with Several Decision-Makers -- Optimal Bimodal Harvest Policies in Age-Specific Bioeconomic Models -- Growth Rates, Optimal Harvesting and Related Topics in the Mass Rearing of Tsetse Flies -- The Release of Partly Fertile Males or Females in the Application of the Sterile-Insect Technique: Mathematical Analysis of the Hard-Release Strategy -- 2: Stochastic Models -- New Developments in Optimal Control of Queueing Systems -- Estimation and Control in a GI|M|1-System -- On Discriminating among Stochastic Models — A Survey -- Increasing the Work-Safety in Nuclear Power Plants through the Use of Preventive Maintenance Policies -- Recent Developments in Econometrics -- Slight Misspecifications of Linear Systems -- Local Sensitivity Analysis and Matrix Derivatives -- Analysis and Forecasting of Demand for Electricity Using Time Series Analysis -- Short Term Load Predication in Electric Power Systems -- Interactive Short-Term Load Forecasting -- Predicting the Demand for Electricity — An Application of Transfer Function Analysis -- Problems Associated with the Design of a Reliability Model in Electricity Industry.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9781468439984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 304 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: I • The Insecticide Crisis -- 1 A New Technology -- 2 Crisis -- II • A Search for Alternatives -- 3 Strategies I: Integrated Pest Management -- 4 Strategies II: Total Population Management -- 5 Traumas -- III • Entomology in its Cultural Context -- 6 A Conceptual Framework -- 7 The Philosophical Foundations -- 8 Revolutionary Farmers -- 9 Entomologists and the Revolution -- 10 Entomology and Agricultural Production.
    Abstract: Science and technology are cultural phenomena. Expert knowledge is generated amid the conflicts of a society and in turn supplies fuel to fire yet further change and new clashes. This essay on economic entomology is a case study on how cultural events and forces affected the creation of scientific and technical knowledge. The time period emphasized is 1945 to 1980. My initial premises for selecting relevant data for the story were ultimately not of much use. Virtually all debates about insect control since 1945 have been centered around the environmental and health hazards associated with insecticides. My first but inadequate conclusion was that the center of interest lay between those who defended the chemicals and those who advocated the use of nonchemical control methods. With this formulation of the problem, I was drawn to an analysis of how the chemical manufacturers had managed to dominate and even corrupt the work of entomological scientists, farmers, members of Congress, and regulators in the USDA and EPA. My own contribu­ tions to a policy study at the National Academy of Sciences were based 1 on this premise. More recently, Robert van den Bosch developed the 2 "corruption theme" in considerable detail.
    Description / Table of Contents: I • The Insecticide Crisis1 A New Technology -- 2 Crisis -- II • A Search for Alternatives -- 3 Strategies I: Integrated Pest Management -- 4 Strategies II: Total Population Management -- 5 Traumas -- III • Entomology in its Cultural Context -- 6 A Conceptual Framework -- 7 The Philosophical Foundations -- 8 Revolutionary Farmers -- 9 Entomologists and the Revolution -- 10 Entomology and Agricultural Production.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468442922
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- I Institutional and Cultural Patterns -- 2 Nature of Prison Exploitation -- 3 Prison Setting and Sexual Scene -- 4 Behavior, Sexual Orientation, and Ethnicity -- II The Jockers, Punks, and Sissies -- 5 Male Sexual Relationships -- 6 The Punks in Prison -- 7 Behavior and Attitudes of the Homosexuals -- 8 Types of Homosexuals in Prison -- III Reactions to Sex in Prison -- 9 Inmate Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 10 Staff Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 11 Prison Policy, Programs, and Change -- Appendix A: Questionnaires -- Appendix B: Tables.
    Abstract: "Barry" is a seventeen-year-old single white male. He has blond hair and blue eyes, weighs 150 pounds, and is five feet eleven inches tall. He was arrested in California at age sixteen for assault and robbery. Because he was underage he was initially segregated in a one-man cell while in county jail. Then, upon admission to a state prison recep­ tion and classification facility, he was housed in a special dormitory for young, inexperienced inmates who would be at risk within the general population. Upon completion of his screening Barry's counselor recommended that he be sent to a penal institution reserved for the younger, more violence-prone, and hard­ core inmates. Barry said that he felt he would have "prob­ lems" at the recommended facility, but his counselor replied, "You won't have any problems." Once he arrived, Barry was double-celled with a nineteen-year-old inmate who beat and anally raped him during his first night in the admission unit. Barry's cellmate continued to assault him sexually during the two weeks they were housed together.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 Introduction -- I Institutional and Cultural Patterns -- 2 Nature of Prison Exploitation -- 3 Prison Setting and Sexual Scene -- 4 Behavior, Sexual Orientation, and Ethnicity -- II The Jockers, Punks, and Sissies -- 5 Male Sexual Relationships -- 6 The Punks in Prison -- 7 Behavior and Attitudes of the Homosexuals -- 8 Types of Homosexuals in Prison -- III Reactions to Sex in Prison -- 9 Inmate Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 10 Staff Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 11 Prison Policy, Programs, and Change -- Appendix A: Questionnaires -- Appendix B: Tables.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468491371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (606p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Architecture as Identity, I: The Essence of Architecture -- Theory and Practice at the Crossroads--A Peircean Perspective on Political Signs -- System and Observer in Semiotic Modeling: An Essay on Semiotic Realism -- Architectural Criticism as a Means to Identify Socially Shared Values: The Case of the East Building of the National Gallery -- Buildings as Symbols of Political Ideology -- Peirce’s Anticipation of Game Theoretic Logic and Semantics -- Mind, Object, Object, Artifact II -- The Reference Relation in Music -- SI MUOVE, MA NON TROPO: An Inquiry into the Non-metaphorical Status of Idioms and Phrases -- Symbolic Use of Weaving Designs: A Case Study -- Antecedents to Peirce’s Notion of Iconic Signs -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of the Lexicon: State of Health as a Multifaceted Domain -- Notes on Text and Performance in the Theatre of Dario Fo -- The Structure of Metaphor -- Forgotten Pioneers of Soviet Semiotics -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of Experience: The Public Meanings and Private Meanings of Objects -- One Artist’s Neurosis on Signing -- Explaining Style Growth and Change: A Richer Semiotic Model -- The Rock and Roll Concert: A Semiotic Analysis -- Disemia -- Naturalness Vs. Arbitrariness in the Domain of Color -- Modes of Medical Instruction: A Semiotic Comparison of Textbooks of Medicine and Popular Home Medical Books -- Peirce’s Existential Graphs as the Basis for An Introduction to Logic: Semiosis in the Logic Classroom -- Peirce as Catalyst in Modern Legal Science: Consequences -- A Semiotic Account of Polysemy and Homonymy -- The Semiosis of the Sequence of Signs in a Narrative -- The Impact of Speech-Act Theory and Phenomenology on Proust and Claude Simon -- Semiotic Perspectives on Chinese: A Picturesque Language -- Peirce and Jakobson: Towards a Structuralist Reconstruction of Peirce -- Architecture as Representation of Nature -- The Measurement of Comentropy Transfer Rates -- Towards a Transcultural Semiotic -- The Self-Disclosure Technique for Ethno-Graphic Elicitation -- Conventions of Poetry as Iconic Signs -- Comparative Adjestives in Terms of Peirce’s Phenomenological Categories -- Interpretant and Interpretation -- Tipping Behavior as a Semiotic Process -- The Mark VI: A New Eidometer Design Concept -- The Role of Scientific Paradigms in Empirical semiotics -- Interactive Nonverbal Categories: A Reappraisal and Elaboration -- Reckoning with the World -- On the Paradigm of Experience Appropriate for Semiotics -- Semiotic and Creativity -- The Appearance of Appearance: Architecture, Communication and Value Systems -- What is Evidence Evidence of? -- The Ironic Sign -- Art and Objectivity -- More Than Words Can Say -- A Reconstruction Paradigm for the Experimental Analysis of Semiotic Factors in Cognitive Processing -- Peirce and Greimas from the Viewpoint of Musical Semiotics: An Outline for Comparative Semiotics -- The Application of the Peircean Semiotic to Logic -- Symbolic Configurations and Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation -- The Perception of Nonverbal Behavior in Function of Visible Access to One or Both Interactants -- Charles Morris and Christian Norberg-Schulz: The Social Basis of Meaning in Architecture -- Toward a Semiotic Beyond Feminism -- The Structure of Categories and the Consequences for Metaphor -- The Poetic Function of the Stage Audience and Embedded Performance in Drama -- Designing Signs that Build the Required Semantics into the Needed Syntax -- A Semiotic Approach to Information Value.
    Abstract: This volume contains the majority of the papers presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Semiotic Society of America, held in Lubbock, Texas, October 16-19, 1980. The varied styles topics, methodologies, and intellectual traditions represented here reflect the current state of flux in semiotics--a healthy chaos, in which new ideas vie for survival and experiment is at a premium. Because of this variety, we have kept our editorial in­ terventions to a minimum. In addition, we have refrained from imposing any topical classification. While we could have used the panel titles as a taxonomic principle, this would not have produced a sufficiently even format. We have therefore uti­ lized the alphabetical order of authors' surnames as being os­ tensibly the least "loaded." These Proceedings represent a current view of the "semi­ otic scene," especially in the U.S.A. They also include some work representative of architectural semiotics from the U.K. We have tried to bring the volume to publication rapidly, since the immediacy of the contents would seem to be the pri­ mary asset of any such project. We would like to express the Society's collective grati­ tude to the 1980 Program Committee chaired by Richard Bauman (University of Texas-Austin), the Lubbock Local Arrangements Committee chaired by Nancy P. Hickerson (Texas Tech Universi­ ty), and our special thanks to Laurel Phipps of the School of Continuing Education at Texas Tech University.
    Description / Table of Contents: Architecture as Identity, I: The Essence of ArchitectureTheory and Practice at the Crossroads--A Peircean Perspective on Political Signs -- System and Observer in Semiotic Modeling: An Essay on Semiotic Realism -- Architectural Criticism as a Means to Identify Socially Shared Values: The Case of the East Building of the National Gallery -- Buildings as Symbols of Political Ideology -- Peirce’s Anticipation of Game Theoretic Logic and Semantics -- Mind, Object, Object, Artifact II -- The Reference Relation in Music -- SI MUOVE, MA NON TROPO: An Inquiry into the Non-metaphorical Status of Idioms and Phrases -- Symbolic Use of Weaving Designs: A Case Study -- Antecedents to Peirce’s Notion of Iconic Signs -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of the Lexicon: State of Health as a Multifaceted Domain -- Notes on Text and Performance in the Theatre of Dario Fo -- The Structure of Metaphor -- Forgotten Pioneers of Soviet Semiotics -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of Experience: The Public Meanings and Private Meanings of Objects -- One Artist’s Neurosis on Signing -- Explaining Style Growth and Change: A Richer Semiotic Model -- The Rock and Roll Concert: A Semiotic Analysis -- Disemia -- Naturalness Vs. Arbitrariness in the Domain of Color -- Modes of Medical Instruction: A Semiotic Comparison of Textbooks of Medicine and Popular Home Medical Books -- Peirce’s Existential Graphs as the Basis for An Introduction to Logic: Semiosis in the Logic Classroom -- Peirce as Catalyst in Modern Legal Science: Consequences -- A Semiotic Account of Polysemy and Homonymy -- The Semiosis of the Sequence of Signs in a Narrative -- The Impact of Speech-Act Theory and Phenomenology on Proust and Claude Simon -- Semiotic Perspectives on Chinese: A Picturesque Language -- Peirce and Jakobson: Towards a Structuralist Reconstruction of Peirce -- Architecture as Representation of Nature -- The Measurement of Comentropy Transfer Rates -- Towards a Transcultural Semiotic -- The Self-Disclosure Technique for Ethno-Graphic Elicitation -- Conventions of Poetry as Iconic Signs -- Comparative Adjestives in Terms of Peirce’s Phenomenological Categories -- Interpretant and Interpretation -- Tipping Behavior as a Semiotic Process -- The Mark VI: A New Eidometer Design Concept -- The Role of Scientific Paradigms in Empirical semiotics -- Interactive Nonverbal Categories: A Reappraisal and Elaboration -- Reckoning with the World -- On the Paradigm of Experience Appropriate for Semiotics -- Semiotic and Creativity -- The Appearance of Appearance: Architecture, Communication and Value Systems -- What is Evidence Evidence of? -- The Ironic Sign -- Art and Objectivity -- More Than Words Can Say -- A Reconstruction Paradigm for the Experimental Analysis of Semiotic Factors in Cognitive Processing -- Peirce and Greimas from the Viewpoint of Musical Semiotics: An Outline for Comparative Semiotics -- The Application of the Peircean Semiotic to Logic -- Symbolic Configurations and Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation -- The Perception of Nonverbal Behavior in Function of Visible Access to One or Both Interactants -- Charles Morris and Christian Norberg-Schulz: The Social Basis of Meaning in Architecture -- Toward a Semiotic Beyond Feminism -- The Structure of Categories and the Consequences for Metaphor -- The Poetic Function of the Stage Audience and Embedded Performance in Drama -- Designing Signs that Build the Required Semantics into the Needed Syntax -- A Semiotic Approach to Information Value.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401711395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 160 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: I Theory -- 1 The Problem: Economic Analysis and the Rise of New Regulation -- 2 Ideology: An Explanation for Public Policy Making -- 3 Roll Call Voting by Congress -- II Evidence -- 4 Public Interest Lobbies -- 5 Voting on Minimum Wages -- 6 Ideology and Logrolling -- 7 Empirical Estimation of the General Equilibrium Model -- III Contributions -- 8 A Comparison of the 1972 and 1978 Elections: Role of the PACs -- 9 Some Additional Effects of Contributions -- 10 Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix: Analysis of Econometric Models with Qualitative Dependent Variables -- References.
    Abstract: In a sense, this book might seem like a strange undertaking for two economists. The material seems to be much closer to political science than to economics; our topic is the determinants of congressional voting. Legislatures and roll call voting are traditionally in the domain of political science. This introduction is intended to explain why we have found this book worth writing. Today the economy functions in a regulated framework. Whether or not there ever was a "golden age" of laissez faire capitalism is an issue for historians; such an age does not now exist. One implication of the high degree of politicization of the modern economy is that one cannot any longer study economics divorced from politics. The rise to prominence of the field of public choice is one strong piece of evidence about what many economists see as the significant influence of the political sector over what would seem to be purely economic variables. A more homey example may also be used to il­ lustrate the phenomenon of increased politicization of the economy. All economists have had the experience of lecturing on the unemployment­ creating effects of a minimum wage or on the shortage-creating implications of price controls, only to have a student ask: "But if that is so, why do we have those laws?" One way of viewing this book is as an attempt to answer that question.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468441727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. Families as Facilitators of Children’s Intellectual Development at 3 Years of Age: A Causal Analysis -- 2. The Relationship between Parental Distancing Strategies and the Child’s Cognitive Behavior -- 3. Family Environments and the Acquisition of Reading Skills: Toward a More Precise Analysis -- 4. Some American Families at Dinner -- 5. Play as a Context for Early Learning: Lab and Home Analyses -- 6. On the Familial Origins of Personality and Social Style -- 7. Variation in Infant Experience Associated with Alternative Family Roles -- 8. Family Day Care: The Role of the Surrogate Mother -- 9. The Relationship between Parents’ Beliefs about Development and Family Constellation, Socioeconomic Status, and Parents’ Teaching Strategies -- 10. The Role of Categorization in the Socialization Process: How Parents and Older Siblings Cognitively Organize Child Behavior -- 11. Learning to Do Things without Help -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The chapters in this volume reflect the work and thoughts of a group of researchers interested in studying families as learning environments for children. As we proceed in our quest to identify and understand with some specificity the familial factors associated with the intellectual and social development of children, the time is ripe for the reintroduction of families as units of study in psychological and educational research. With the increasing focus on the changing organization of the modern family, it is of more than academic interest to identify those variables that play a significant role in the child's development. Such knowledge certainly should help in the planning and design of appropriate and credible applications. These chapters, representing a broad spectrum of research, derive from papers presented and discussed at a working conference on families as learning environments sponsored by Educational Testing Service in Prince­ ton, New Jersey. Following the conference, the papers were revised and edited for inclusion in this volume. We are indebted to a number of people whose contributions helped make the conference a success: Samuel J. Messick and Winton H. Manning for their support; Jan Flaugher, Jessie Cryer, Linda Kozelski, and Betty Clausen for assistance with local arrangements; and William Nemceff, Kathleen Lingle, and Kalina Gonska for help with the audio-recording of the proceedings. LUIS M. LAOSA IRVING E. SIGEL vii Contents Introduction ..................................... Xl Luis M. Laosa Chapter 1. Families as Facilitators of Children's Intellectual Development at 3 Years of Age: A Causal Analysis ........................................ .
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401733298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 178 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 31
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Linear Utility on Mixture Sets -- 3 Expected Utility for Probability Measures -- 4 Lexicographic Quasilinear Utility -- 5 Linear Utility for Partially Ordered Preferences -- 6 Linear Utilities on Product Sets -- 7 Multilinear Utility on Products of Mixture Sets -- 8 Multilinear Utility for Probability Measures -- 9 Subjective Linear Utility on Products Of Mixture Sets -- 10 Subjective Expected Utility for Arbitrary State Sets -- 11 Subjective Linear Utility for Partially Ordered Preferences -- 12 Subjective Linear Utility with Conditional Preference Comparisons -- References.
    Abstract: This book offers a unified treatment of my research in the foundations of expected utility theory from around 1965 to 1980. While parts are new, the presentation draws heavily on published articles and a few chapters in my 1970 monograph on utility theory. The diverse notations and styles of the sources have of course been reconciled here, and their topics arranged in a logical sequence. The two parts of the book take their respective cues from the von Neumann-Morgenstern axiomatization of preferences between risky options and from Savage's foundational treatment of decision making under uncertainty. Both parts are studies in the axiomatics of preferences for decision situations and in numerical representations for preferences. Proofs of the representation and uniqueness theorems appear at the ends of the chapters so as not to impede the flow of the discussion. A few warnings on notation are in order. The numbers for theorems cited within a chapter have no prefix if they appear in that chapter, but otherwise carry a chapter prefix (Theorem 3.2 is Theorem 2 in Chapter 3). All lower case Greek letters refer to numbers in the closed interval from o to 1. The same symbol in different chapters has essentially the same meaning with one major exception: x, y, ... mean quite different things in different chapters. I am indebted to many people for their help and encouragement.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401091800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (764p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 5
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Anthropology in Health Science Settings -- Section I. Clinically Applied Anthropology Teaching -- Medical Anthropology in a Preclinical Curriculum -- The Ethnographic Mode of Teaching Clinical Behavioral Science -- Clinically Applied Anthropology on a Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service -- Anthropology in Nursing: An Exploration of Adaptation -- New Approaches to Old Problems: Interactions of Culture and Nutrition -- Witch Doctor’s Legacy: Some Anthropological Implications for the Practice of Clinical Medicine -- Section II: Clinically Applied Anthropology Research -- Research Strategies, Structural Alterations, and Clinically Relevant Anthropology -- Knowledge and Practice: Anthropological Ideas and Psychiatric Practice -- Patient Requests in Primary Care Clinics -- The Meaning of Hypertension -- An Approach to the Resolution of Mexican-American Resistance to Diagnostic and Remedial Pediatric Heart Care -- Illness Maintenance and the New American Sick Role -- Long Term Psychiatric Clients in an American Community: Some Sociocultural Factors in Chronic Mental Illness -- Social Institutions and Disease Transmission -- Author Index.
    Abstract: like other collections of papers related to a single topic, this volume arose out of problem-sharing and problem-solving discussions among some of the authors. The two principal recurring issues were (1) the difficulties in translating anthropo­ logical knowledge so that our students could use it and (2) the difficulties of bringing existing medical anthropology literature to bear on this task. As we talked to other anthropologists teaching in other parts of the country and in various health-related schools, we recognized that our problems were similar. Similarities in our solutions led the Editors to believe that publication of our teaching experi­ ences and research relevant to teaching would help others and might begin the process of generating principles leading to a more coherent approach. Our colleagues supported this idea and agreed to contribute. What we agreed to write about was 'Clinically Applied Anthropology'. Much of what we were doing and certainly much of the relevant literature was applied anthropology. And our target group was composed-mostly of clinicians. The utility of the term became apparent after 1979 when another set of anthropologists began to discuss 'ainical Anthropology'. They too recognized the range of novel be­ haviors available to anthropologists in the health science arena and chose to focus on the clinical use of anthropology. We see this as an important endeavor, but very different from what we are proposing.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401092203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 4
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Section I: Cultural Conceptions of the Person and Health -- 1. Introduction: Cultural Conceptions in Mental Health Research and Practice -- 2. Culture and Psychiatric Illness: Biomedical and Ethnomedical Aspects -- 3. The Ethnographic Study of Cultural Knowledge of “Mental Disorder” -- 4. Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally? -- Section II: Cultural Conceptions of Mental Disorder -- 5. Toward a Meaning-Centered Analysis of Popular Illness Categories: “Fright- Illness” and “Heart Distress” in Iran -- 6. Cultural Definitions, Behavior and the Person in American Psychiatry -- 7. Samoan Folk Knowledge of Mental Disorders -- 8. Popular Conceptions of Mental Health in Japan -- 9. Science and Psychological Medicine in the Ayurvedic Tradition -- Section III: Cultural Conceptions of Therapy -- 10. The Unbounded Self: Balinese Therapy in Theory and Practice -- 11. Self-Reconstruction in Japanese Religious Psychotherapy -- 12. Psychotherapy and Emotion in Traditional Chinese Medicine -- 13. Shaman-Client Interchange in Okinawa: Performative Stages in Shamanic Therapy -- 14. Sunao: A Central Value in Japanese Psychotherapy -- Section IV: Issues and Directions -- 15. The Intercultural Context of Counseling and Therapy -- 16. Culture and Mental Health: An Overview -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Within the past two decades, there has been an increased interest in the study of culture and mental health relationships. This interest has extended across many academic and professional disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, psychiatry, public health and social work, and has resulted in many books and scientific papers emphasizing the role of sociocultural factors in the etiology, epidemiology, manifestation and treatment of mental disorders. It is now evident that sociocultural variables are inextricably linked to all aspects of both normal and abnormal human behavior. But, in spite of the massive accumulation of data regarding culture and mental health relationships, sociocultural factors have still not been incorporated into existing biological and psychological perspectives on mental disorder and therapy. Psychiatry, the Western medical specialty concerned with mental disorders, has for the most part continued to ignore socio-cultural factors in its theoretical and applied approaches to the problem. The major reason for this is psychiatry's continued commitment to a disease conception of mental disorder which assumes that mental disorders are largely biologically-caused illnesses which are universally represented in etiology and manifestation. Within this perspective, mental disorders are regarded as caused by universal processes which lead to discrete and recognizable symptoms regardless of the culture in which they occur. However, this perspective is now the subject of growing criticism and debate.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400973800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: I Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: The Conceptual Controversy Framed -- 1 Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions -- 2 Political Disequilibrium and Scientific Inquiry: A Comment on William H. Riker’s “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions” -- 3 An Altimeter for Mr. Escher’s Stairway: A Comment on William H. Riker’s “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions” -- 4 A Reply to Ordeshook and Rae -- II Alternative Views of Political Equilibrium -- 5 Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, and the General Possibility of a Science of Politics -- 6 The Limitations of Equilibrium Analysis in Political Science -- 7 Instability and Development in the Political Economy -- 8 On the Properties of Stable Decision Procedures -- 9 An Experimental Test of Solution Theories for Cooperative Games in Normal Form -- III Equilibrium Analysis in Practice -- 10 Political Inequality: An Economic Approach -- 11 Sophisticated Voting under the Plurality Procedure -- 12 The Role of Imperfections of Health Insurance in Voter Support for Safety Regulation -- 13 The Entry Problem in a Political Race -- References -- List of Contributors.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789400977402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 3
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Humanities ; Logic ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1.1. The Study -- 1.2. The Setting -- 1.3. Methodology -- 1.4. Theoretical Perspectives on Health Care Decisions -- 2: The Cultural Context of Therapeutic Choice -- 2.1. Bariba Conceptions of the Order of the Universe -- 2.2. Diagnosis and Treatment -- 2.3. Divination -- 2.4. The Use of Substances -- 2.5. Medicines -- 3: Beliefs and Practices Surrounding Reproductive Processes -- 3.1. Menstruation and Clitoridectomy -- 3.2. Conception -- 3.3. Development of Fetus -- 3.4. Contraception -- 3.5. Abortion -- 3.6. Sterility -- 4: Status Among the Bariba: The Roles and Responsibilities of Women -- 4.1. Status in Bariba Society -- 4.2. Position of Women -- 4.3. Economic Subsistence -- 4.4. Political Arena -- 4.5. Domestic Relations -- 4.6. Household Responsibilities -- 5: Sociological and Career Attributes of Midwives -- 5.1. Healers: Midwives and Medicine People -- 5.2. Implications of Role Expectations for Birth Assistance -- 5.3. Recruitment of Matrones and Method of Skill Acquisition -- 5.4. Sources of Medical Knowledge -- 5.5. Matrones Own Reproductive Histories -- 5.6. Age at Unsupervised Delivery -- 5.7. Assistance at Own Child’s Delivery -- 5.8. Remuneration -- 5.9. Comprehensive Care by Matrones -- 5.10. Pregnancy Counseling -- 5.11. Matrone’s Role Variability -- 5.12. Spirit Possession -- 5.13. Inheritance of Spirits -- 5.14. Healing and Sambani -- 5.15. The Matrone Prototype -- 6: The Meaning of Efficacy in Relation to Obstetrical Care Preferences -- 7: Birth Assistance in the Rural Area: Patterns of Delivery Assistance -- 7.1. Delivery Assistance: Patterns of Selection in the Rural Area -- 7.2. Midwifery as a Therapeutic System -- 7.3. Structured Interviews with Matrones -- 8: Client-Practitioner Encounters -- 8.1.1. The Case of Adama -- 8.1.2. The Case of Sako -- 8.1.3. The Case of the Prolapsed Cord -- 8.1.4. The Case of the Terrifying Breech 120 -- 8.1.5 The Case of Bona -- 8.2. Pain as a Cultural Phenomenon -- 8.3. Pregnancy (by Nicole) -- 8.4. Conclusion -- 9: Utilization of National Health Services for Maternity Care in the District of Kouande -- 9.1. Clinic vs. Home Delivery: A Pehunko Sample -- 9.2. Utilization of the Pehunko Dispensary -- 9.3. Pehunko Women at the Kouande Maternity Clinic -- 9.4. The Kouande Maternity Clinic: General Utilization -- 10: Conclusion -- 10.1. Implications of the Bariba Study for the Cross-Cultural Study of Midwifery -- 10.2. The Involvement of Indigenous Midwives in National Health Systems -- 10.3. Training Programs -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Demographic Data -- Appendix B: Female Circumcision Songs -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book examines the factors influencing women's choices of obstetrical care in a Bariba community in the People's Republic of Benin, West Africa. When selecting a research topic, I decided to investigate health care among the Bariba for several reasons. First, I had served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in northern Benin (then Dahomey) and had established a network of contacts in the region. In addition, I had worked for a year as assistant manager of a pharmacy in a northern town and had become interested in the pattern of utilization of health care services by urban residents. This three-year residence proved an invaluable asset in preparing and conducting research in the northern region. In particular, I was able to establish relationships with several indigenous midwives whose families I already knew both from prior research experience and mutual friend­ ships. These relationships enabled me to obtain detailed information regarding obstetrical practice and thus form the foundation of this book. The fieldwork upon which the book is directly based was conducted between June 1976 and December 1977 and sponsored by the F ord-Rockefeller Popula­ tion Policy Program, the Social Science Research Council, the National Science Foundation, and the FUlbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Program. The Ford-Rockefeller Population Policy Program funded the project as a collab­ oration between myself and Professor Eusebe Alihonou, Professor Agrege (Gynecologie-Obstetrique) at the National University of Benin.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401095594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (247p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: North American Social Report 5
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 12: Economics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Goals -- 3. National accounts -- 4. Gross national product -- 5. Manufacturing productivity -- 6. Income and saving -- 7. Equity, equality, and efficiency -- 8. Male, female living standards -- 9. Earnings gaps -- 10. Gini coefficients and wealth -- 11. Corporate concentration -- 12. Inflation -- 13. Taxes -- 14. Work and unemployment -- 15. Poverty -- 16. Bankruptcy -- 17. Balance of payments -- 18. Net public debt -- 19. Foreign direct investment -- 20. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 13: Religion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Religion in life -- 3. Reason and compassion -- 4. Indicator limitations -- 5. Affiliation and attendance -- 6. Beliefs -- 7. Influence, confidence, and significance -- 8. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures and Charts -- 14: Morality and Social Customs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Marriage -- 3. Families -- 4. Divorce -- 5. Personal problems and future -- 6. National problems -- 7. Tastes -- 8. Prejudice -- 9. Happiness -- 10. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 15: Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in­ troductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the qUality of life. In the frrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so­ cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better off? To simplify matters, I often use the terms 'Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec­ tively.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400978133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series In the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 30
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1/Comparison of Approaches to Social Choice -- 2/Intensity of Preferences and Cardinal Utility -- 3/Unsatisfactoriness of Ordinal Methods in Dealing with Problems of Social Choice -- 4/A System of Axioms for Cardinal Utility -- 5/A More General System of Axioms for Cardinal Utility -- 6/An Abstract Model of Society -- 7/Social Decision Functions -- 8/A Theorem Proving the Unsatisfactoriness of the Ordinal Approach to Social Choice -- 9/Strengthening the Theorem Proved in Chapter 8: Informal Discussion -- 10/Unsatisfactoriness of the Ordinal Approach to Social Choice: Further Results -- 11/ Justifying the Use of Ordinal Methods -- 12/Conclusion -- Appendix 1 /The Utility Differences Approach to Cardinal Utility -- Appendix 2/The Expected Utility Approach to Cardinal Utility -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: A model is an idealization. It is an abstract representation of a given perceived reality. To construct a model one abstracts from the unimportant features of that reality and replaces it by a formal structure, whose properties, explicitly assumed or logically de­ ducible from the stated assumptions, correspond to the interesting relationships of the reality being studied. The purpose of constructing a model is twofold: first, to help better understand a complex reality; second, to help make pre­ dictions with regard to still unobserved phenomena. The first purpose will be satisfied if the constructor of the model is able to identify and disregard the unimportant features of the reality being studied and replaces this reality by an easier to understand formal structure. By applying then the techniques of mathematics and logic to this formal structure we might be able to reach conclusions with regard to still unobserved phenomena, which will be of help in making predictions.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349168804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 227 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 306.2
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Feminist theory ; Sociology ; Political sociology ; Sex (Psychology) ; Gender expression ; Gender identity
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349052486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 133 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Africa Politics and government ; Economic development.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : Centro de Estudios Sociológicos, El Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9786076282922 , 6076282924 , 9789681200749 , 9681200748 , 6076282924 , 9681200748 , 9786076282922 , 9789681200749
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2011 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: Cuadernos del CES no. 29
    Parallel Title: Print version Cortés, Fernando, 1941- Algunos problemas de formalización y estimación en modelos de regresión con variables cualitativas, aplicadas a la investigación social
    Keywords: Social sciences Statistical methods ; Regression analysis ; Social sciences ; Regression analysis ; Regression analysis ; Social sciences ; Statistical methods ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Sociology ; General
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9781461331988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (346p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Accounting.
    Abstract: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the Process -- Who Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
    Abstract: Do you work for an organization that depends on receiving grant funds for sur­ vival? Do you work for one that gives grants? Have you been in the grants busi­ ness a long time? Or a relatively short time? Do you plan to work for a grant­ giving or grant-receiving organization? If you answered "Yes" to any of these questions, this book is written for you. It will save you money. You will share in professional secrets that, up until now, have not been in print. You will find out more about the roles that others play in the grant-spending process; thus you will have an advantage in dealing with others. You will receive tips for spending grant dollars effectively and will be alerted to obstacles that may prevent you from maximizing grant funds. "Grants programs should be run more efficiently, cut out the organizational 'fat,' and develop better management techniques," a trustee of the Rosenberg Foundation was quoted as saying in the Foundation News recently. In this same issue, a leader of the Alcoholism Center for Women in Los Angeles told of trim­ ming superfluous grant spending across the board. "We want to provide the same services," she stated. "We're cutting the fat. " The topic of the article was Cali­ fornia's Proposition 13 and its impact on nonprofit organizations that depend on grant funds for their survival. (l) Not only are taxpayers revolting nationwide against paying ever-increasing taxes, but Congressmen are apparently listening.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the ProcessWho Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401506496
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 445 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Security systems.
    Abstract: Table of Contents (Part Two) -- 1. Strategic Systems and War Games -- 1.1. U.S. Strategic Systems -- 1.2. The Game -- 1.3. Game Strategies -- 1.4. Systems Evaluation -- References -- 2. ABM Defense -- 2.1. Safeguard System -- 2.2. Radar Operations -- 2.3. Computer Operations -- 2.4. Interceptor Operations -- References -- 3. ABM System Design and Performance -- 3.1. System Requirements -- 3.2. The Radar Design Problem -- 3.3. Error Analysis -- 3.4. Smoothing of Position and Velocity Data -- 3.5. Noise Reduction -- 3.6. Error Model -- 3.7. Design Procedure -- References -- 4. ABM System Survivability Analysis -- 4.1. Survivability with respect to ECM -- 4.2. Survivability with respect to Nuclear Bomb Effects -- 4.3. Survivability with respect to Chemical, Biological Radiological Warfare, and Sabotage (CBR&S) -- 4.4. Summary -- References -- 5. Radar Counter-Counter-Measures -- 5.1. Effects of Jamming -- 5.2. ECCM Design -- 5.3. ECCM Techniques -- References -- 6. Bomber Defense -- 6.1. U.S. Bomber Defenses -- 6.2. Russian Bomber Defense -- 6.3. Multipurpose Weapons -- References -- 7. Surveillance and Reconnaisance -- 7.1. Advanced Surveillance -- 7.2. Treaty Verification -- References -- 8. Command Control and Communications -- 8.1. Warning -- 8.2. Command and Control -- 8.3. Communications -- References -- Appendices. Electromagnetic Propagation Effects -- A1. Attenuation of RF Waves by Absorption -- A2. Attenuation of RF Waves by Precipitation -- A3. Refraction of RF Waves by the Ionosphere.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to provide graduate students, professional engineers, military officers, and weapons-systems planners with a comprehensive grounding in the technology, evolution, functions, costs, impacts on society, utility, and limi­ tations of modern strategic weapons systems. Since the subject is often left to the specialists, this work should introduce the general reader to the fundamentals of such systems in an informed manner. Nowadays the intense interaction of means and ends sym­ bolized by strategic weapons has stimulated a changing dis­ cipline in which new missile systems and the intricate logic of nuclear force and counterforce hold the stage alongside the truths of conflict, alliances, fears, games, and subtle gains and losses. Many readers with new personal interest or public responsibility in this complex field will require an overall guide to it. This book will not prepare the reader to become an expert in the vast subject of strategic weapons systems. It will, however, enable him to understand, evaluate, and form reasonable opinions about these systems, their capabilities and effective­ ness. The subject is dealt with more from the viewpoint of the user (investor) rather than the architect (systems engineer) and builder (design engineer). While the user will be concerned with both political as well as technical options which may be available to solve a problem, the systems and design engineers are concerned with analyzing and building technological weapons devices once their requirements are generally known.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9781468440164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: Prologue -- 1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prologue1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400981621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1 Human Nature and Justice -- 2 The Historical Dimension of Justice -- 3 Values and Rights Underlying Social Justice -- 4 Justice as Desert -- 5 Equality of Opportunity -- 6 Equal Treatment and Reverse Discrimination -- 7 A Confrontation between the Theory of Social Choice and the Theory of Democracy -- 8 Men, Monkeys, and Morals: A Property Rights Theory of Social Justice -- 9 Social Justice and the Urban Predicament: The New York City Transit Strike of 1980 -- About the Contributors.
    Abstract: The Conference on Social Justice was the second in the series of con­ ferences organized under the auspices of the Departments of Eco­ nomics, Philosophy, and Political Science of The City College of The City University of New York. This conference was made possible under a generous grant from the Morton Globus Fund. Its success was assured by the participation of distinguished scholars and edu­ cators from the organizing departments as well as from a number of other American institutions of higher learning. Not all who partici­ pated are included in this volume drawn from the conference, but we are grateful to all, equally, for their contribution as discussants. On behalf of the chairmen and members of the participating de­ partments, I would like to express thanks to the panelists for making their papers available for publication. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. Morton Globus for his generosity and to Acting President Arthur Tiedemann and Professor Jerome Siegel, the Acting Dean of the Social Science Division of The City College, for their consistent support of this project. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to the publisher, Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, for its patience and cooperation and to my wife, Elizabeth Braham, for her ~dvice and editorial assistance.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Human Nature and Justice2 The Historical Dimension of Justice -- 3 Values and Rights Underlying Social Justice -- 4 Justice as Desert -- 5 Equality of Opportunity -- 6 Equal Treatment and Reverse Discrimination -- 7 A Confrontation between the Theory of Social Choice and the Theory of Democracy -- 8 Men, Monkeys, and Morals: A Property Rights Theory of Social Justice -- 9 Social Justice and the Urban Predicament: The New York City Transit Strike of 1980 -- About the Contributors.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468410747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Psychology: a Whig History -- The Dawn of Modern Psychology -- Political Psychology Emerges in the Twentieth Century -- The Lasswellian Era: 1930–1950 -- Authoritarianism and Alienation: The 1950s -- The New Frontier in Political Psychology: Personal Efficacy and Involvement in the 1960s -- The Escalation of Psychological Approaches in the 1970s -- “Psychological” Variables: A Theoretical Note -- Summary and Concluding Statement -- References -- 2 Perception and Cognition: an Information-Processing Framework for Politics -- Some Problems in Behavioral Research on Politics -- Perception and Cognition: Clarifying the Concepts -- Perception and Politics -- Cognition and Politics -- Conclusion: The Relations between Political Thought and Political Behavior -- References -- 3 Psychobiography and Psychohistory -- Psychobiography: Causal Explanations of Individuals -- Psychobiography: Coherent Whole Explanations of Individuals -- Social Psychohistory: Causal Explanations of Group Behavior -- Social Psychohistory: Coherent Whole Explanations of Group Behavior -- References -- 4 Political Learning -- A Behaviorist Stimulus-Response Model of Political Learning -- Nonexperiential Learning -- Related Cognitive Processes -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Community Psychology -- Historical Events in the Formation of Community Psychology -- Issues in the Definition of Community Psychology -- Models of Community Psychology -- Persistent Common Concerns -- References.
    Abstract: On Revolutions That Never Were "If you want to understand what a science is," the anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1973, p. 5) has written, "you should look in the first instance not at its theories or its findings, and certainly not at what its apologists say about it; you should look at what the practitioners of it do. " If it is not always possible to follow this instruction, it is because the rate of change in scientific work is rapid and the growth of publications reporting on this work is great. It is therefore the task of a handbook, like this Hand­ book of Political Behavior, to summarize and evaluate what the practi­ tioners report. But it is always prudent to keep in mind that a handbook is only a shortcut and that there is no substitute for looking directly at what the practitioners of a science do. For when scientists are "at work" (Walter, 1971), the image of what they are doing is often quite different from that conveyed in the "briefs" that, in their own way, make a hand­ book so valuable that we cannot do without it. These reflections set the stage.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468438789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Disaffection -- The Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Political DisaffectionThe Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9781468440041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (452p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically Handicapped -- The Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
    Abstract: A relationship between the disciplines of psychology and medicine is evident in writings from the beginnings of recorded history. This inter­ action was characterized in some epochs by mutual interest and support, only to be followed by periods of relative disinterest. During the past century there have been several formal attempts to acknowledge this interdependence and to revive and codify on a more permanent basis the working relationships between practitioners and scientists from both psychology and medicine. These twentieth-century waves of interest, which have also come and gone, have been identified by such names as psychosomatic medicine and rehabilitation psychology. For a variety of reasons, notably the lack of a sufficient knowledge base in either disci­ pline, the desired partnership has not come to full flower. This state of affairs seems to be changing as we enter the last two decades of the twentieth century. In the American Psychologist in September, 1980, I reviewed recent developments in psychology and in medicine and in federal and private funding patterns, which give evidence of revitalizing this partnership between these two disciplines and their relevant subspecialties. For ex­ ample, after six decades of spectacular biomedical scientific advances which have all but eradicated such life-threatening diseases as polio­ myelitis and tuberculosis, leaders in medicine, the behavioral sciences, and other segments of society reached a consensus during the 1970s that the behavior of the individual is one of today's unexplored frontiers for modern medical practice and related good health care.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically HandicappedThe Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461591917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Small Groups in Political Science: Perspectives on Significance and Stuckness -- Four Basic Small-Group Orientations: Tracing the Literature’s Major Themes -- Some Small-Group Dimensions: Toward Differentiating the Species -- Four Cases of Small Groups in Politics: Dynamics/Dimensions as Emergent/Contrived -- Overview of Significance and Stuckness: The Condition of Small-Group Analysis Today -- References -- 2 Government Learning: An Overview -- Defining Learning -- Normative Issues -- Trends -- Motivation and Cognition—Individual Bases -- Organizational Structure and Dynamics -- The Washington Political Environment -- Societal, World, and Historical Contexts -- Problem Types -- Diagnostic Repertoires -- Concluding Reflections -- References -- 3 Political Violence: A Critical Evaluation -- Frequency of Conflict -- Dimensions of Conflict -- Hypotheses About Violence -- Summary -- References -- 4 Rationality and Collective-Choice Theory -- Rationality -- Individual and Collective Choice -- Axiomatic-Choice Theory -- Economic Theories of Politics—Spatial Models -- Game Theory -- Collective Goods -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Political Symbolism -- Sources of the Research Focus -- A Survey of Applications of Symbolic Theory -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 233 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles -- I. Introduction -- II. Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogens -- III. Discussion -- 2Inhibition of Carcinogen Metabolism and Action by Disulfiram, Pyrazole, and Related Compounds -- I. Introduction -- II. Disulfiram -- III. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate and Dithiocarbamate Pesticides -- IV. Carbon Disulfide -- V. Pyrazole -- VI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene -- VII. Hydrazo and Azoxy Carcinogens -- VIII. N-Nitrosamines -- IX. Arylamines -- X. Azo Dyes: 3?-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene -- XI. Ultraviolet Light -- XII. Spontaneous Tumors -- XIII. Other Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds -- References -- 3Retinoids and Chemoprevention of Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Retinoids and Epithelial Cell Differentiation -- III. Suppression of Malignant Transformation and Tumor Promotion by Retinoids -- IV. Retinoid Deficiency and Carcinogenesis -- V. Natural Retinoids and Prevention of Carcinogenesis -- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of New Synthetic Retinoids -- VII. Prevention of Cancer in Experimental Animals with New Synthetic Retinoids -- VIII. Mechanism of Action of Retinoids in Chemoprevention of Cancer -- IX. Mechanism of Toxicity of Retinoids -- X. Combination Chemoprevention with Retinoids -- References -- 4Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of N-Nitroso Compound Formation in Chemical, Food, and Biological Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. In Vitro Studies -- III. In Vivo Studies -- IV Tests on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Ascorbic Acid -- V. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds -- VI. Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenesis in Man -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5?-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Its Relationship to Tumor Induction and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Vitamin E as an Antitumor Agent -- III. Nitroso Compounds -- IV. Formation of N-Nitroso Compounds -- V. Blocking N-Nitroso Compound Formation -- VI. ?-Tocopherol Applications -- VII. Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol Effect on Preformed Nitrosamines -- VIII. Summary -- References -- 6Trace Elements and Metals as Anticarcinogens -- I. Introduction -- II. Selenium -- III. Zinc -- IV. Copper -- V. Other Trace Elements and Metals -- VI. Closing Remarks -- References -- 7Plant Sterols: Protective Role in Chemical Carcinogenesis -- I. Background -- II. Plant Sterols: Structure and Function -- III. Animal Test Systems -- IV. Results -- V. Discussion -- References -- 8Immunoprevention -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Experimental Rat Bowel Carcinomas -- III. Evidence that Embryonic Antigens are Associated with Bowel Carcinomas -- IV. Enhanced 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Tumorigenesis in Immunosuppressed Rats -- V. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Transplantable Syngeneic Colon Carcinoma -- VI. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Fetal Tissue -- VII. Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Multiparous Rats -- VIII. Effect of Tumor Resection on the Development of Additional Primary Tumors -- IX. Regression of Early Primary Bowel Carcinomas by Multimodal Immunological Treatment -- X. Conclusions -- References -- 9Summation and Future Challenges -- I. Introduction -- II. Challenges to Chemists and Molecular and Cell Biologists -- III. Challenges to Epidemiologists and Oncologists.
    Abstract: The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9781468439113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (704p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Annotated Bibliography -- Late Additions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The Scope of Brief Therapy Within the last two decades there has been a dramatic expansion in the uses of short-term treatment (Grayson, 1979, Small, 1979). Brief therapies have been and continue to be widely used with a number of different patient popu­ lations in a broad variety of service settings. They have been reported in use with children, adolescents, adults~ and the aged; in groups, families, and individual treatment; on college campuses, high schools, in community mental health centers, in child guidance clinics, in private psychiatric clinics, in hospitals as part of out-patient or in-patient therapy, in programs of preventive community mental health; with the rich, the middle class, and the poor (Barten, 1971, 1972; Caplan, 1961, 1964; Small, 1979; Wolberg, 1965). Further, short term methods of therapy range across all of the major and well-known theoretical orientations found in the broader field of psychotherapy. There are some unique theoretical contributions which can be found within this field as well.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401569163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 219 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 6: Science and Technology -- 7: Education -- 8: Recreation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the ftrst, some introductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all ftve volumes to measure the quality of life. In the ftrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and social reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work in this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better off? To simplify matters, I often use the terms 'Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respectively.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401749862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 2
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Psychiatry ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Section I: Historical and Cultural Background of Beliefs and Norms Governing Behavior -- 1. Selfhood and Authority in Neo-Confucian Political Culture -- 2. Suicide and the Family in Pre-modern Chinese Society -- 3. Normal and Deviant Drinking in Rural Taiwan -- 4. In the Presence of Authority: Hierarchical Roles in Chinese Spirit Medium Cults -- 5. Insanity in Imperial China: A Legal Case Study -- 6. Traditional Chinese Medical Beliefs and Their Relevance for Mental Illness and Psychiatry -- Section II: Child Development and Childhood Psychopathology -- 7. Conformity and Deviance Regarding Moral Rules in Chinese Society: A Socialization Perspective -- 8. Childhood Psychopathology: A Dialogue with Special Reference to Chinese and American Cultures -- 9. Sex Difference in School Adjustment in Taiwan -- Section III: Family Studies -- 10. Deviant Marriage Patterns in Chinese Society -- 11. Family and Community in the People’s Republic -- 12. The Effect of Family Pathology on Taipei’s Juvenile Delinquents -- Section IV: Psychiatric Studies: Epidemiological and Clinical -- 13. Overview of Mental Disorders in Chinese Cultures: Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Studies -- 14. Sex Roles, Social Status, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Urban Hong Kong -- 15. Mental Health Status of Chinese in the United States -- 16. The American Experience of the Chinese Student: On Being Normal in an Abnormal World -- 17. Mental Illness and Psychosocial Aspects of Medical Problems in China -- 18. Shen-K’uei Syndrome: A Culture-Specific Sexual Neurosis in Taiwan -- 19. Culture-Bound Syndromes among Overseas Chinese -- 20. Love, Denial and Rejection: Responses of Chinese Families to Mental Illness -- Epilogue -- List of Contributors -- Citation Index.
    Abstract: Our purpose in assembling the papers in this collection is to introduce readers to studies of normal and abnormal behavior in Chinese culture. We want to offer a sense o/what psychiatrists and social scientists are doing to advance our under­ standing of this subject, including what fmdings are being made, what questions researched, what conundrums worried over. Since our fund of knowledge is obviously incomplete, we want our readers to be aware of the limits to what we know and to our acquisition of new knowledge. Although the subject is too vast and uncharted to support a comprehensive synthesis, in a few areas - e. g. , psychiatric epidemiology - enough is known for us to be able to present major reviews. The chapters themselves cover a variety of themes that we regard as both intrinsically interesting and deserving of more systematic evaluation. Many of the issues they address we believe to be valid concerns for comparative cross­ cultural studies. No attempt is made to artificially integrate these chapters, since the editors wish to highlight their distinctive interpretive frameworks as evidence of the rich variety of approaches that scholars take to this subject. 'We see this volume as a modest and self-consciously limited exploration. Here are some accounts and interpretations (but by no means all) of normal and ab­ normal behavior in the context of Chinese culture that we believe fashion a more discriminating understanding of at least a few important aspects of that subject.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468439953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 235 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: I: Operations -- 1 · The Global Terrorist Coalition -- 2 · Urban Terrorist Operations -- 3 · Organization and Management Practices of Urban Terrorist Groups -- 4 · Terrorist Manipulation of the Democratic Process -- 5 · Prisons, Courts, and Terrorism -- II: Controls -- 6 · Controlling Political Terrorism in a Free Society -- 7 · Approaches to Antiterrorism -- 8 · Antiterrorism in Western Europe -- 9 · Antiterrorist Intelligence: Limitations and Applications -- 10 · A Framework for the Study and Control of Terrorism -- III: Appendixes -- Appendixes A · A Year of Terror (July 1, 1979–June 30, 1980) -- Irish Repulican Army (I.R.A.) -- Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (E.T.A.—The Basque Separatist Organization) -- Red Brigades and Prima Linea (Front Line) -- Corsican National Liberation Front (F.N.L.C.) -- Fuerzas Armadas De Liberacion Nacional (F.A.L.N.) -- Omega-7 (An Anti-Castro Group of Cuban Exiles) -- Appendix B · A Chronology of Apprehensions and Convictions of Terrorists Linked to West Germany’s Baader–Meinhof Gang (December 1977 to July 1980) -- Appendix C · Investigating the Assassination of Aldo Moro -- Appendix D · Thoughts and Strategies of Islamic Guerrilla Warfare in the United States -- Appendix E · Manifesto 1980 of the W.E.B. Du Bois Revolutionary Army -- Appendix F · Remarks by Robert A. Fearey -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Terrorism, continuing unabated in the contemporary world, is having a serious impact on the lives of people and nations. Once, only govern­ ments and ruling classes possessed the power to coerce large segments of the world's peoples. Today, a handful of thugs, covered and concealed by a collection of terrorist organizations, are disturbing people every­ where by perpetrating dramatic criminal acts-bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, etc.-on an almost daily basis, in places specifically cho­ sen for their vulnerability: a railroad train, a pub, a beachfront apartment, a bus, a restaurant. Furthermore, a few of the world's most notorious terrorist groups are associated in a loose coalition, which has left around the earth a trail of violent crimes against humanity of the most heinous type. Among these outrages are random murder, including the killing of innocents, and barricade and hostage situations involving the elderly and young children. Many of the victims of these terrorists are randomly selected for the sole purpose of obtaining maximum shock action calculated to attract widespread exposure via the communications media. A dramatic example is the assassination of Lord Louis Mountbatten, one of the most distinguished soldier-statesmen of the century, by terrorists of the Pro­ visional Wing of the Irish Republican Army (LR.A.).
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: North American Social Report, A Comparative Study of the Quality of Life in Canada and the USA from 1964 to 1974 4
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 9: Natural Environment and Resources -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ecology -- 3. Resources -- 4. Energy -- 5. Energy control -- 6. Electricity -- 7. Risk assessment -- 8. Nuclear fission -- 9. Oil -- 10. Natural gas -- 11. Coal -- 12. Alternative energy sources -- 13. Materials -- 14. Selected metals -- 15. Chemicals -- 16. Forestry -- 17. Land -- 18. Environmental degradation -- 19. Air pollution -- 20. Water -- 21. Wildlife -- 22. Conservation -- 23. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 10: Transportation and Communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Being and moving -- 3. Motor vehicles -- 4. Passenger cars -- 5. Deaths and injuries -- 6. Railroads -- 7. Carrier comparisons -- 8. Travel -- 9. Telephones -- 10. Mail -- 11. Newspapers -- 12. Expenditures -- 13. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 11: Housing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The housing bundle -- 3. Welfare, rights and crises -- 4. Households and conditions -- 5. Expenditures and satisfaction -- 6. New housing units -- 7. Fires and losses -- 8. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in­ troductory remarks are in orde{about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the quality of life. In the first chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so­ cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better off! To simplify matters, I often use the terms 'Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec­ tively.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789400984691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodolgy of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 25
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1 Dialectic as Organization: A Dialectal Approach to Strategic Planning -- 2 Dialectic As Information Theory: A Communication Model of Dialectical Inquiring Systems -- 3 Dialectic As Environment: A Brunswik Lens Model of Dialectical Inquiring Systems -- 4 Dialectic As Experiment -- 5 Dialectic As Process: A Methodology for Strategic Problem Solving -- 6 Dialectic As Argument: On the Structure of Dialectical Reasoning in the Social and Policy Sciences -- 7 Dialectic As Peer Review: The Case of The United States of America National Science Foundation -- 8 Dialectic as Normative Structure: Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists -- 9 Dialectic As A General Method of Social Science: Varieties of Social Science Experience.
    Abstract: The depth, intensity, and long-standing nature of the disagreements between differing schools of social thought renders more critical than ever the treatment of dialectical reasoning and its relationship to the social sciences. The nature of these disagreements are deeply rooted in fundamentally differing beliefs regarding, among many things: (1) the nature of man, (2) the role of theory versus data in constructing social theories, (3) the place and function of values versus facts in inquiry, etc. It has become more and more apparent that such fundamental differences cannot be resolved by surface appeals to rationality or to consensus. Such for it is precisely the definitions of appeals are doomed to failure 'rationality' and 'consensus' that are at odds. That is, different schools not only have different definitions of rationality and consensus but different notions regarding their place and function within a total system of inquiry. A dialectical treatment of conflicts is called for because such conflicts demand a method which is capable of recognizing first of all how deep they lie. Secondly, a method is demanded which is capable of appreciating that the various sides of the conflict fundamentally depend on one another for their very existence; they depend, in other words, on one another not 'in spite of' their opposition but precisely 'because of' it.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400981478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social, and Medical Studies, An International Series 1
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: I Introduction: Longitudinal Research and Intervention -- 1 Problems with Traditional Strategies in Mental Health Research -- II Methodological Bases of Longitudinal Research: Design and Planning -- 2 Some Problems of Longitudinal Research in the Social Sciences -- 3 Epidemiological Considerations -- 4 Issues in Psychological Development -- III Methodological Bases of Longitudinal Research: Tools -- 5 Disease Registers -- 6 Genetics and Classification -- 7 Statistical Models for Longitudinal Studies -- 8 Biological Measurements in Longitudinal Research -- IV Examples of Longitudinal Research: Birth, School, and Clinical Cohorts -- 9 A Prospective Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Obstetrical Factors and CNS Damage -- 10 Twelve-Year Follow-Up Status of Low Birthweight Infants -- 11 The Value of Birth Cohort Studies -- 12 Sequential Research with Special References to the Scandinavian Project Metropolitan -- 13 Some Methodology and Strategy Problems in Longitudinal Research -- 14 Psychiatric Epidemiological Studies in Iceland -- V Examples of Longitudinal Research: Populations at Risk -- 15 Children of Schizophrenic Mothers: The Danish High-Risk Study -- 16 The Mauritius Project -- VI Longitudinal Research: Implications and Recommendations -- 17 Longitudinal Research in the WHO European Region Program -- 18 The Contribution of Long-Term Research to Social Medicine -- 19 Some Recommendations for the Design and Conduct of Longitudinal Investigations -- References -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume is the product of a course on longitudinal prospective re­ search arranged by the three editors in Arhus, Denmark, in 1978. The course was supported by the Nordisk Kulturfond for young researchers from the Nordic countries, who had planned or had simply involved themselves in longitudinal prospective research projects of various kinds. The twenty-six participants represented a wide range of professions: statisticians, psychologists, psychiatrists, nutritionists, and public health researchers. The teachers came from many countries and represented many disciplines. The course was very successful, especially from the point of view of the quality and investment of the teachers. We felt also that the course met a strong need in this relatively new field of research. Therefore, we asked the teachers to prepare written versions of their lectures so that they could have wider dissemination; they agreed to do so. The present book is composed of these contributions. The first chap­ ter, after outlining some of the problems with traditional strategies in mental health research, goes on to suggest some of the possible preven­ tive applications of longitudinal research methods. Included in Parts II and III are papers on design problems and on the tools of long-term research, such as genetics and classification, biological measurements, epidemiological guidelines, statistical models, disease registers, and de­ velopmental psychology.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034863186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400989559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 23
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Political Trust as Rational Choice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trust as an Attitude -- 3. A Definition of Trust -- 4. Deutsch’s Definition of Trust -- 5. The Inadequacy of the Prisoners’ Dilemma Model of Trust -- 6. Risk in the Prisoners’ Dilemma -- 7. The Assessment of Risk -- 8. Rational Trust -- On ‘Normative’ Rational-Choice Theories of Politics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Liberal Theory of the State -- 3. The Destination of Small Communities -- 4. The State and the Decay of Voluntary Cooperation -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Various Meanings of ‘Rational Political Decisions’ -- 1. Meanings of ‘Politics’ -- 2. One Actor: Decisions under Certainty -- 3. One Actor: Decisions under Risk -- 4. More than One Actor: Noncooperative Games -- 5. More than One Actor: Cooperative Games -- 6. Conclusion -- Political Aspects of Economic Power: A Critique of the Market Concept -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Eclipse of Power in Economics: Power and Economic Law -- 3. Economic Power as Market Power -- 4. The Evidence: Tight Oligopoly and the Dominant Firm -- 5. Neglect of Bipartite Market Structure: Bilateral Monopoly -- 6. Inadequacy of Bipartite Market Paradigm: Multipartite Markets -- 7. External or Extra Market Power -- On the Significance of Language and a Richer Concept of Rationality -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Speech Acts -- 3. Rules of Political Interlocutions -- 4. The Element of Strategy in Political Interlocutions -- 5. On the Preference Structure of a Rational Political Actor -- 6. Conclusion -- Individual and Collective Rationality -- 1. Economic and Political Rationality -- 2. Discrete Social Choice Theory -- 3. Smooth Social Choice Theory -- 4. Conclusion -- Strategy and Reflexivity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Problems of Reflexive Processes of Cognition -- 3. Reflexivity-Oriented Rationality and Socialization -- When Are Decision-Makers Irrational? Some Methodological Problems Related to the Analysis of Political Decision-Making -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An Empirical Example: Relocation of the Central State Administration in Sweden -- 3. Determining Preferences -- 4. Explaining Discrepancies -- Explaining Rational Political Action -- Some Problems in the Study of Party Strategies -- 1. On the Analysis of Party Strategies -- 2. Types of Empirical Material -- 3. Three Types of Studies -- 4. The Problem of Category Proliferation -- 5. The Problem of Circularity -- 6. A Research Program -- Housing, Building, and Planning -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Placing the 1974 Choice in Historical Perspective -- 3. Making the Meaning of the Alternatives as Precise as Possible in Order to Explain the Choice -- 4. Suggesting How the Choice, thus Stated, Might Possibly Be Explained -- Positions on Energy Policy: A General Framework and the Case of the Swedish Center Party in the Decision of May, 1975 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Elements of an Energy Policy Position -- 3. The Position of the Center Party -- Testing Coalition Theories: The Combined Evidence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What Is an Event: Testing Theories or Predicting Coalitions? -- 3. The Combined Evidence: Comparing Methods and Data -- 4. The Combined Evidence -- 5. Conclusion -- The Dilemma of Rational Legislative Action: Some Danish Evidence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rational Behavior Models and Politics -- 3. The Rationale of Legislative Specialization -- 4. Legislative Specialization in Denmark -- 5. Consequences of Legislative Specialization -- Implementation Analysis: The ‘Missing Chapter’ in Conventional Analysis Illustrated by a Teaching Exercise -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Student’s Assignment -- 3. Background on the University of Massachusetts Medical School -- 4. A ‘Classic’ Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 5. Guidelines for Critiquing Analysis: Notes on the Massachusetts Medical School Assignment -- 6. Epilogue: What Happened? -- About the Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: One of the most promising trends in modem political science is the develop­ ment of a theory of politics as rational action. Focussing on choice as the central topic of study, rational choice theorists set out to specify what alter­ native an actor should prefer if he has some given knowledge of the conse­ quences of each alternative and wants to see his preference system as fully realized as possible. But rational choice theory is not confmed to the norma­ tive sphere of science. It can also be used for explanatory purposes. Then, the alternatives actually chosen are specified and the task is to explain the decisions by fmding out what considerations lay behind them. The starting point for an emerging research program at the Department of Government, Uppsala University, on 'Politics as Rational Action' is to describe the major choices in fifteen different policy areas of Swedish domes­ tic politics and explain why they were made.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789400989313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: The Union of Utrecht, its Genesis and Consequences -- Centralisation et décentralisation aux Pays-Bas à l’époque contemporaine -- The Dutch Republic and Antiquity -- The Example of the Dutch Republic for American Federalism -- Federalism: USA Style -- Essai de synthese de l’évolution de la réforme de l’état en Belgique de 1961 à 1979 -- Der Föderalismus in der deutschen Geschichte -- Der Föderalismus in der Schweiz. Entwicklungstendenzen im 19./20. Jahrhundert -- Ex Uno Plura? The British Experience -- La révolution française et la perception de l’espace national: fédérations, fédéralisme et stéréotypes régionaux -- Conscience nationale et conscience régionale en France de 1815 à nos jours -- The Regional Problem in Spain -- Der russische Vielvölkerstaat zwischen Zentralismus und Föderation.
    Abstract: The commemoration of the formation of the Union of Utrecht, four hundred years ago on 23 January 1579, was celebrated by many different events. One of these, certainly not the least important to historians, was the holding of an inter­ national congress in Utrecht and Zeist on 8, 9 and 10 May 1979, organized by the Dutch Historical Association. This Association had decided to select a theme which fitted well in the framework of the Union celebrations: federalism, history and current significance of a form of government. For the Union of Utrecht con­ stituted the legal foundation, even the constitution, it is claimed, of the Republic of the United Netherlands, and that commonwealth can undoubtedly be regard­ ed as a very interesting example of a federal form of government. As is evident from the formulation of the congress theme the intention of the or­ ganizers was that attention should be given not only to federal and regional struc­ tures and tendencies in the past but also in the contemporary world. Historical phenomena needed (necessarily) to be viewed in present-day perspective, current problems ought if possible to be seen in historical perspective. There is no doubt that the prevailing view today, at least in the Western World, is to a great extent characterized by a growing dislike of the modern Leviathan, the highly centraliz­ ed, bureaucratic welfare State.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Union of Utrecht, its Genesis and ConsequencesCentralisation et décentralisation aux Pays-Bas à l’époque contemporaine -- The Dutch Republic and Antiquity -- The Example of the Dutch Republic for American Federalism -- Federalism: USA Style -- Essai de synthese de l’évolution de la réforme de l’état en Belgique de 1961 à 1979 -- Der Föderalismus in der deutschen Geschichte -- Der Föderalismus in der Schweiz. Entwicklungstendenzen im 19./20. Jahrhundert -- Ex Uno Plura? The British Experience -- La révolution française et la perception de l’espace national: fédérations, fédéralisme et stéréotypes régionaux -- Conscience nationale et conscience régionale en France de 1815 à nos jours -- The Regional Problem in Spain -- Der russische Vielvölkerstaat zwischen Zentralismus und Föderation.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400981980
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Preface -- I. Introduction -- II. Preliminary Survey -- III. Consideration of some previous works on Minangkabau and Negri Sembilan -- IV. Theory -- V. Minangkabau Social Organisation -- VI. Minangkabau Political Organisation -- VII. Modern trends in Minangkabau -- VIII. Negri Sembilan Social Organisation -- IX. Negri Sembilan Political Organisation -- X. Modern trends in Negri Sembilan -- XI. Comparison -- XII. Summary, and some wider implications -- Map 1. Minangkabau and Negri Sembilan -- Map 2. Minangkabau and its surroundings -- Map 3. Negri Sembilan and its surroundings -- Map 4. Minangkabau -- Map 5. Negri Sembilan -- Map 6. The distribution of the two adat in Minangkabau -- XIII. Supplementary notes (1980 edition) -- Errata.
    Abstract: As soon as one has to decide on a system of transliteration for the languages spoken in Minangkabau and Negri Sembilan, one is faced by peculiar difficulties. In the first place, one has the choice between adopting the Dutch system, the Indonesian (which is derived from it), the British or a scientifically satisfactory one. Then, should one spell the Minangkabau words according to their pronunciation, or in their Malaicised form, as the Minangkahau themselves do, ,at least when writing in Arabic characters? Further there is the difficulty that we do not really know what the language of Negri Sembilan is like ; from the scattered data one gets the impression that it should rather be considered a form of Minangkabau than a form of Malay, but European writers on this State have diligently "corrected" the native words and expressions, giving them, as much as possible, a Malay appearance. After some hesitation we adopted the following principles of trans­ literation : A. We shall spell the Minangkabau words in accordance with their pronunciation, as is customary when Minangkabau texts are published in their Romanised form. B. Negri Sembilan words will be given in their Malay form, al­ though there is reason to suppose that in the actual spoken language these words may differ quite considerably from the way they have been rendered here. C. For both the Sumatran and the Peninsular words we shall follow the official spelling of the Indonesian Republic.
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceI. Introduction -- II. Preliminary Survey -- III. Consideration of some previous works on Minangkabau and Negri Sembilan -- IV. Theory -- V. Minangkabau Social Organisation -- VI. Minangkabau Political Organisation -- VII. Modern trends in Minangkabau -- VIII. Negri Sembilan Social Organisation -- IX. Negri Sembilan Political Organisation -- X. Modern trends in Negri Sembilan -- XI. Comparison -- XII. Summary, and some wider implications -- Map 1. Minangkabau and Negri Sembilan -- Map 2. Minangkabau and its surroundings -- Map 3. Negri Sembilan and its surroundings -- Map 4. Minangkabau -- Map 5. Negri Sembilan -- Map 6. The distribution of the two adat in Minangkabau -- XIII. Supplementary notes (1980 edition) -- Errata.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400987456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 The First New Society -- 2 Public Authority and Social Structure -- 3 Pathways to Satisfaction -- 4 The “Ordinary” Civil Servant: Soft Activist -- 5 Managing Politics and Politicians -- 6 Images of Society and Power -- 7 Sweden Compared -- 8 No Place to Hide: Political Skill and the Social Psychology of Consensus -- 9 Postscript: On the Politics of Accommodation -- Appendix A: Sample Selection -- Notes.
    Abstract: Several years ago, freshly returned from a year in Stockholm but deeply en­ meshed in the American Malaise of the late 1960's, I sketched out an image of Swedish policy-making that defined a generalized policy-making role and sought to relate that role to both citizen attitudes and the elite political culture 1 in Sweden. Although that sketch seems to have been taken seriously by other foreigners, I think it is fair to say that the principal reaction of my Swedish friends and colleagues was amusement. When I later (1970-71) returned for another year in Stockholm, I found myself being introduced at parties as the man who had written ''that marvelously out-of-date sketch of how Swedish politics used to work-hah, hah. " Or, I would be referred to as the American who, like Marquis Childs some years earlier, "believed our propaganda. " By 1970-71, of course, the Swedish political environment had become more boisterous than it had been in 1967-68. Indeed, during the course of that year my amused colleagues found themselves enmeshed in a strike action against the government that was part of an emotional series of such actions that some observers thought would bring most public services to a halt. If my earlier portrait had been influenced (too much, they thought) by the American Malaise in which I was implicated, so must their later reaction to my portrait have been influenced (too much, I thought) by the Swedish Turmoil of 1970 and 1971.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The First New Society2 Public Authority and Social Structure -- 3 Pathways to Satisfaction -- 4 The “Ordinary” Civil Servant: Soft Activist -- 5 Managing Politics and Politicians -- 6 Images of Society and Power -- 7 Sweden Compared -- 8 No Place to Hide: Political Skill and the Social Psychology of Consensus -- 9 Postscript: On the Politics of Accommodation -- Appendix A: Sample Selection -- Notes.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461591559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Section I: Historical Background of School Desegregation -- 1 A Brief Historical Overview of School Desegregation -- 2 School Desegregation: A Political-Economic Perspective -- 3 The Serendipitous Effects of School Desegregation -- Section II: Problems and Issues Concerning School Desegregation -- 4 From Prohibiting Segregation to Requiring Integration: Developments in the Law of Race and the Schools since Brown -- 5 Nondiscrimination and Beyond: The Search for Principle in Supreme Court Desegregation Decisions -- 6 On the Future of School Desegregation: A New American Dilemma? -- 7 School Desegregation and Ethnicity -- 8 On Democracy and School Integration -- 9 White Flight and the Future of School Desegregation -- 10 School Segregation and Residential Segregation: Prefatory Statement -- Section III: Implementing Desegregation in the School -- 11 Design and Redesign of the Desegregated School: Problems of Status, Power, and Conflict -- 12 Building Effective Multiethnic Schools: Evolving Models and Paradigms -- 13 Making School Desegregation Work.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Equality. ; Social policy. ; Social structure.
    Abstract: Approach to the study of African politics -- What is political development? -- I - Political Forces -- I - The Bases of Political Forces -- II - Outline of a Typology of Political Forces -- II - The Political Ideologies -- I - International Relations -- II - Internal Politics -- III - Political Structures -- I - A Marginal People -- II - The Instability of Political Institutions -- IV - Political Action -- I - International Relations -- II - Economic Policies -- III - Cultural Policies -- IV - Social Policies -- Name index -- Geographical index.
    Abstract: To an increasing extent, nationals of Third World countries are protesting against the tendency of foreign theoreticians and observers to study their problems - political problems in particular - in terms of concepts and theories established on the basis of European experiences. For instance, the Egyptian Abdel Malek I in La diaiectique sociaie, writes: 'At the starting point, whose broad lines we sketch here, there is evidence of inadequation, deriving from the fact of difference. Inadequation of the conceptual system of the social sciences. Differences between Western societie- which have provided the larger part of the analytical material for the con­ ceptual elaboration and establishment of theoretical systems in different disciplines - on the one hand, and non-Western societies (those of Asia, Africa and Latin America) on the other hand. ' This does not mean that the author impugns universalism and that he advocates enclosing the Third World in a sort of intellectual ghetto, overemphasizing its specificity, and constituting as it were 'reserves' designed to highlight the exotic aspect for the benefit of foreigners. 2 On the contrary, what he takes sociology to task for is its insufficiently universal and universalizing nature. This being so, his aim is to make concepts more universal and to rebuild theory with the help of reshaped concepts. Abel Malek's criticisms are largely justified. There is indeed a certain eurocentricity in the theories elaborated by political scientists, even if they deny it.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789400990029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (267p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Crime, Justice, and Politics 2
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 4: Crime and Justice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Criminal justice, tolerance and discretion -- 3. Limitations of criminal justice statistics -- 4. Crime Index Offences -- 5. Crimes of violence -- 6. Murder and the death penalty -- 7. Rape, aggravated assault and robbery -- 8. Property crime -- 9. Overview and remarks on causes -- 10. White Collar crime -- 11. Offences cleared -- 12. Subjects charged -- 13. Convictions and the courts -- 14. Prisoners and penalties -- 15. Lawyers, law enforcement personnel and expenditures -- 16. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 5: Politics and Organizations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Models of good behaviour -- 3. Voter turnout and the franchise -- 4. Political activities -- 5. Campaign spending -- 6. Political efficacy -- 7. Trust and confidence -- 8. Freedom of information -- 9. Heads of state -- 10. Aid to developing countries -- 11. United Nations -- 12. Military expenditures -- 13. Vietnam and international relations -- 14. In the shade of the elephant -- 15. Government expenditures -- 16. Union support and distrust -- 17. Industrial disputes -- 18. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in­ troductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the quality of life. In the frrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so­ cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better om To simplify matters, I often use the terms Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec­ tively.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789400989757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1: The Foundations of Social Reporting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Social indicators and reports -- 3. Quality and value -- 4. Uses and abuses of social indicators and reports -- 5. The scope of this work -- 6. A comparative social report -- Notes -- 2: Population Structure -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Size, sex and age -- 3. Urbanization and density -- 4. Ethnic and racial groups -- 5. Births -- 6. Deaths and natural increases -- 7. Immigration and naturalization -- 8. Labour force -- 9. Civilian employment -- 10. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 3: Death, Disease and Health Care -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Health and lifestyle -- 3. Expectation of life and infant deaths -- 4. Cardiovascular disease and cancer -- 5. Suicide, cirrhosis and alcoholism -- 6. Death by accidents and other causes -- 7. Selected reportable and venereal diseases -- 8. Other reportable diseases -- 9. Hospital use, surgery and mental illness -- 10. Prescription drugs -- 11. Food energy, nutrients and expenditures -- 12. Medical personnel, facilities and expenditures -- 13. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It would have been nice to have been able to write this book with the style of Mailer, the wit of Shaw, the breadth of Myrdal and the zeal of Nader. It would also have been miraculous. Rest assured there are no miracles here. On the contrary, the work in your hands undoubtedly bears all the marks of imperfect human design. It's too long for one book, but probably too short for the story to be told. It's not the sort of book one can hope to fmish, even in five volumes. There is always one more table one might squeeze in, one more column or row, an illustrative chart or figure, another important refer­ ence to check, something dangling here or there that nags one to fiddle with it, wrap it up, tie it down, and so on. All one can do, I think, is put up with the nagging and press on. I can't imagine anyone making so many factual claims and evaluative judgments, and putting together so many numbers in so many different areas without making dozens of mistakes. I can't imagine anyone working with national statistics and not having plenty of mistakes made for him. As I look back on it now, it's hard to imagine anyone being naive enough (bold enough has a better ring to it) to take on the task of writing a book like this in the first place. Of course, I had Myrdal's great An American Dilemma to encourage me.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400990104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 142
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. Concerning Justice -- Five Lectures on Justice -- 2. Justice and Its Problems -- 3. Equity and the Rule of Justice -- 4. On the Justice of Rules -- 5. Justice and Justification -- 6. Justice and Reason -- 7. Justice and Reasoning -- 8. Equality and Justice -- 9. Justice Re-examined -- 10. The Use and Abuse of Confused Notions -- 11. The Justification of Norms -- 12. Law and Morality -- 13. Law and Rhetoric -- 14. Legal Reasoning -- 15. Law, Logic and Epistemology -- 16. Law, Philosophy and Argumentation -- 17. What the Philosopher May Learn from the Study of Law -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This collection contains studies on justice, juridical reasoning and argumenta­ tion which contributed to my ideas on the new rhetoric. My reflections on justice, from 1944 to the present day, have given rise to various studies. The ftrst of these was published in English as The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1963). The others, of which several are out of print or have never previously been published, are reunited in the present volume. As justice is, for me, the prime example of a "confused notion", of a notion which, like many philosophical concepts, cannot be reduced to clarity without being distorted, one cannot treat it without recourse to the methods of reasoning analyzed by the new rhetoric. In actuality, these methods have long been put into practice by jurists. Legal reasoning is fertile ground for the study of argumentation: it is to the new rhetoric what mathematics is to formal logic and to the theory of demonstrative proof. It is important, then, that philosophers should not limit their methodologi­ cal studies to mathematics and the natural sciences. They must not neglect law in the search for practical reason. I hope that these essays lead to be a better understanding of how law can enrich philosophical thought. CH. P.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349039296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 84 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Economic and Social History
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cultural studies
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