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  • 1970-1974  (24)
  • 1940-1944
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (24)
  • Science (General)  (17)
  • Philosophy.  (7)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Principles of structure and bonding -- 2 Simple hydrides and halides -- 3 Non-metal oxides, sulphides, and their derivatives -- 4 The elements -- 5 Catenated compounds and related systems -- 6 Borazines, phosphazenes, silicones, and related systems.
    Kurzfassung: This book is a new attempt to interrelate the chemistry of the non-metals. In the early chapters, simple compounds of the non-metals with the halogens, hydrogen, and oxygen are surveyed, permitting a large area of chemistry to be discussed without the burden of too many facts. The structural relationships in the elemental forms of the non-metals are then used as an introduction to the catenated compounds, including the boron hydrides. In the concluding chapter, selected heteronuclear chain, ring, and cage compounds are con­ sidered. In some chapters, we have thought it useful to outline important features of a topic in relation to chemical theory, before giving a more detailed ac count of the chemistry of individual elements. The book is certainly not comprehensive and the bias in the material selected probably reflects our interest in volatile, covalent non-metal compounds. Suggestions for furt her reading are presented in two ways. A selected bibliography lists general textbooks which relate to much of our subject matter. References in the text point to review articles and to a few original papers which we consider to be of special interest. Although there are few difficult concepts in the text, the treatment may be appreciated most by students with some previous exposure to a Group by Group approach to non-metal chemistry. We have assumed an elementary knowledge of chemical periodicity, bonding theory, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic methods of structure determination.
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  • 2
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401511117
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres d’archives-Husserl 54
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Ethics.
    Kurzfassung: Table des Matieres -- L’Argument -- Chapitre I. Essence et Désintéressement -- L’Exposition -- Chapitre II. De l’intentionalité au sentir -- Chapitre III. Sensibilité et proximité -- Chapitre IV. La Substitution -- Chapitre V. Subjectivité et Infini -- Autrement Dit -- Chapitre VI. Au dehors.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401511186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XX, 858 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I/Cosmochemistry -- Fitness in the Universe: Choices and Necessities -- Galactic Clouds of Organic Molecules -- The Outer Solar System: Perspectives for Exobiology -- Catalytic Reactions in the Solar Nebula: Implications for Interstellar Molecules and Organic Compounds in Meteorites -- II/Paleobiology -- Natural Evidence for Chemical and Early Biological Evolution -- Aspects of the Geologic History of Seawater -- Homeostatic Tendencies of the Earth’s Atmosphere -- Microfossils from the Middle Precambrian McArthur Group, Northern Territory, Australia -- The Development and Diversification of Precambrian Life -- III/Primordial Organic Chemistry -- The Atmosphere of the Primitive Earth and the Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Biomolecules from HCN -- The Prebiotic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides -- The Possible Role of Clays in Prebiotic Peptide Synthesis -- Interactions Between Amino Acids and Nucleotides in the Prebiotic Milieu -- Coacervate Systems and Origin of Life -- Transfer RNA and the Translation Apparatus in the Origin of Life -- IV/Precellular Organization -- A Hypothetic Scheme for Evolution of Probionts -- From Proteinoid Microsphere to Contemporary Cell: Formation of Internucleotide and Peptide Bonds by Proteinoid Particles -- Chemical and Catalytical Properties of Thermal Polymers of Amino Acids (Proteinoids) -- Pre-Enzymic Origin of Metabolic Redox Processes and of the Energy Storage Processes -- Experimental Attempts for the Study of the Origin of Optical Activity on Earth -- Life’s Beginnings — Origin or Evolution? -- V/Early Biochemical Evolution -- On the Chemical Constitution of Cometary Nuclei -- Photochemical Conversions of Lower Aldehydes in Aqueous Solutions and in Fog -- Inferences from Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences: Early Molecular Evolution, Divergence of Kingdoms and Rates of Change -- On the Possible Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code -- Genetics and the Origin of the Genetic Code -- Origin of the Genetic Code: A Physical-Chemical Model of Primitive Codon Assignments -- The Iron-Sulphur Proteins: Evolution of a Ubiquitous Protein from Model Systems to Higher Organisms -- A New Hypothesis for the Evolution of Biological Electron Transport -- Pathways of Chemical Evolution of Photosynthesis -- Inorganic Types of Fermentation and Anaerobic Respirations in the Evolution of Energy-Yielding Metabolism -- VI/Exobiology -- Test Results on the Viking Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Experiment -- Automated Life-Detection Experiments for the Viking Mission to Mars -- Organic Contamination Problems in the Viking Molecular Analysis Experiment -- Model Systems for Life Processes on Mars -- An Automatically-Returned Martian Sample by 1985? -- Life on Jupiter? -- The Possibility of Organic Molecule Formation in the Venus Atmosphere -- Planetary Systems and Extraterrestrial Life -- The Origin of Life in a Cosmic Context -- List of Participants -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This publication, in two volumes, includes most of the scientific papers presented at the first meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (lSSOL), held on June 25-28, 1973 in Barcelona, Spain. The first volume contains the invited articles and the second volume the contributed papers, which also appear in the 1974 and 1975 issues, respectively, of the new journal Origins of Life, published by D. Reidel. A relatively large number of meetings on the subject of the origin of life have been held in different places since 1957. In terms of its organization, scope, and number and nationality of participants, the Conference celebrated last year in Barcelona closely followed the three international conferences held earlier in Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1957, Wakulla Springs, U.S.A., 1963, and Pont-a-Mousson, France, 1970. For this reason the first ISSOL meeting was also named the 4th International Conference on the Origin of Life.
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957053
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 204 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The optimization problem -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Problem definition -- 1.3 Optimization in one dimension -- 1.4 Optimization in n dimensions -- 2 Single variable optimization -- 2.1 Review of methods -- 2.2 The Fibonacci search -- 2.3 The Golden Section search -- 2.4 The Algorithm of Davies, Swann, and Campey -- 3 Multi-variable optimization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Search methods -- 3.3 Gradient methods -- 4 Advanced methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General considerations -- 4.3 Advanced search methods -- 4.4 Advanced gradient methods -- 4.5 Minimax methods -- 5 Constrained optimization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Kuhn-Tucker conditions -- 5.3 Constrained optimization techniques -- 5.4 Direct search methods with constraints -- 5.5 Small step gradient methods -- 5.6 Sequential unconstrained methods -- 5.7 Large step gradient methods -- 5.8 Lagrangian methods -- 5.9 General considerations -- 5.10 Conclusion -- References -- Further reading.
    Kurzfassung: During the last decade the techniques of non-linear optim­ ization have emerged as an important subject for study and research. The increasingly widespread application of optim­ ization has been stimulated by the availability of digital computers, and the necessity of using them in the investigation of large systems. This book is an introduction to non-linear methods of optimization and is suitable for undergraduate and post­ graduate courses in mathematics, the physical and social sciences, and engineering. The first half of the book covers the basic optimization techniques including linear search methods, steepest descent, least squares, and the Newton-Raphson method. These are described in detail, with worked numerical examples, since they form the basis from which advanced methods are derived. Since 1965 advanced methods of unconstrained and constrained optimization have been developed to utilise the computational power of the digital computer. The second half of the book describes fully important algorithms in current use such as variable metric methods for unconstrained problems and penalty function methods for constrained problems. Recent work, much of which has not yet been widely applied, is reviewed and compared with currently popular techniques under a few generic main headings. vi PREFACE Chapter I describes the optimization problem in mathemat­ ical form and defines the terminology used in the remainder of the book. Chapter 2 is concerned with single variable optimization. The main algorithms of both search and approximation methods are developed in detail since they are an essential part of many multi-variable methods.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 281 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. What is ultrasound? -- The discovery of animal ultrasound -- The properties of ultrasound -- 2. Methods of detection and analysis -- Ultrasonic microphones -- Cathode-ray oscilloscopes -- Tape-recording and analysis -- Bat detectors -- 3. Bats -- The biology of bats -- The echo-location signals of bats -- Short-pulse echo-location in Megachiroptera -- Frequency sweep pulses in Microchiroptera -- Constant frequencies in Microchiroptera -- Mixed signals in Microchiroptera -- Sound production and emission in Microchiroptera -- Frequency-sweep bats -- Constant frequency bats -- Nose-leaves -- Hearing in the Microchiroptera -- Other senses and social use of ultrasound in Microchiroptera -- 4. Countermeasures by insects -- Noctuidae -- The evasive behaviour of noctuid moths -- Acoustic sensitivity of the tympanic organ -- Directionality -- Central co-ordination -- Arctiidae, Notodontidae and Ctenuchidae -- Pyralididae -- Sphingidae -- Geometridae -- Neuroptera -- Evolution -- 5. The songs of bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) -- The physics of strigilation in general -- The mechanism of sound production in tettigoniids -- The ultrasonic songs of tettigoniids -- The acoustic behaviour of tettigoniids -- The ability of tettigoniids to hear ultrasonic sounds -- Some further considerations -- 6. Other insects -- Gryllidae, crickets -- Gryllotalpidae, mole crickets -- Acrididae, grasshoppers and locusts -- Insects of other groups -- 7. Ultrasound in rodents -- The ultrasonic calls of infant rodents -- The physical characteristics of the calls -- The motivation for the emission of ultrasonic calls by infant rodents -- The role of infant distress calls in adult-young relationships -- Ultrasound and aggressive behaviour -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Ultrasound and mating behaviour -- Mice -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Other situations involving ultrasound emission in rodents -- The mechanism of ultrasound production in rodents -- The ability of rodents to hear high frequency sounds -- 8. Other vertebrate groups -- Birds -- Cetacea -- The sounds of odontocetes -- The site of sound production -- The ear of odontocetes -- Hearing in odontocetes -- Evidence for echo-location in odontocetes -- Other marine mammals -- Insectivora -- 9. Review and speculations -- Appendix Some formulae summarizing the rules of echo-location -- References -- Indexes.
    Kurzfassung: In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of communication between animals and this is perhaps especially true of bio-acoustics. In the last 35 years a completely new branch of bio­ acoustics, involving ultrasounds, has been made possible by technical developments that now allow these inaudible sounds to be detected and studied. This subject has a personal fascination for the authors, perhaps because of the novelty of 'listening in' to these previously unknown sig­ nals, perhaps because of the wide variety of ways in which different animals use them. Many studies of different aspects of animal ultrasound have now been published and a review of them all seems to be timely. Ultrasound is is biologically arbitrary; other animals defined in human terms and may produce similar signals at lower frequencies for similar purposes. This book attempts to be comprehensive but the limits of the subject are rather difficult to define. It should be read in conjunction with other books on audible bio-acoustics. Each chapter has been written and may be read as a separate entity, although there is considerable cross-referencing. Chapters 1 and 2 form a common introduction and may help in understanding the later sections. The Appendix is not essential but is included for those who may be interested in the quanti­ tative aspects of the echo-location phenomena described in Chapters 3 and 8.
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Chapman and Hall Chemistry Textbook Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Atomic and molecular orbitals -- 2 Aromaticity -- 3 The stereochemical requirements of concerted pericyclic reactions -- 4 The concept of the conservation of orbital symmetry -- 5 Alternative rationalizations-the aromaticity of pericyclic transition states -- 6 The organic chemistry of pericyclic reactions -- Appendix I Determinants -- Appendix II The solution of secular equations -- Appendix III HMO treatment of the cyclopropenyl system -- Appendix IV Answers to problems -- References.
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 412 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401019798
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Scholars Forum, A Series of Books by American Scholars 14
    Serie: International Scholars Forum 14
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. Seven Axes of Bias -- A. General Hypotheses -- B. Hypotheses Regarding Specific Biases -- III. Bias in the Arts and the Sciences -- A. The Continuum of Theoretical Behavior -- B. The Arts: Painting -- C. History -- D. The Sciences -- IV. Four Typical Syndromes -- A. The Medieval Syndrome -- B. The Renaissance Syndrome -- C. The Enlightenment Syndrome -- D. The Romantic Syndrome -- V. The Romantic Syndrome: Poetry -- A. Soft-Focus -- B. Inner-Bias -- C. Disorder-and Dynamic-Biases -- D. Continuity-Bias -- E. Other-World Bias -- VI. Contrasts Between the Romantic Syndrome and the Enlightenment Syndrome: Metaphysics -- A. Schopenhauer -- B. Hume -- C. Kant -- D. Hegel -- VII. Contrasts Between the Romantic Syndrome and The Enlightenment Syndrome: Political Theory -- A. Continuity/Discreteness Axis -- B. Order/Disorder Axis -- C. Static/Dynamic Axis -- D. The Enlightenment and Romantic Syndromes in Political Theory -- VIII. Some Applications and Some Limitations -- A. Applications -- B. Limitations -- Supplementary Notes.
    Kurzfassung: In this age of specialism philosophers, like other specialists, tend to take in each other's washing. Here, perhaps imprudently, I attempt to break out of this pattern. Though I am by profes­ sion a philosopher, I am addressing primarily, not other philo­ sophers, but cultural anthropologists, sociologists, historians of ideas, and literary and art critics. Thus, while there are chapters in this book on metaphysics and political theory, I do not ask, "Is the doctrine in question true?" - which is the kind of ques­ tion a philosopher might be expected to raise. Instead I ask, "What can we learn from this doctrine about the personality structure of the individual who framed it and about the charac­ teristic drives of the society in which he lived?" My reasons for asking and for trying to answer this kind of question, instead of the usual philosophical question, are as follows: Though the material products of culture' and the overt behavior patterns of societies have long been objects of scientific study, the most characteristic products of high cultures - artistic productions like poems and paintings and' theoretical structures like metaphysical and scientific theory - have not as readily yielded to exact description and analysis. Not, of course, that there is not a very extensive discussion of these matters. But most of it is carried on in terms that are regrettably vague.
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  • 9
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401097963
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 93 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Problem Solvers 14
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 What is a Stochastic Process? -- 2 Results from Probability Theory -- 2.1 Introduction to probability theory -- 2.2 Bivariate distributions -- 2.3 Multivariate distributions -- 2.4 Probability generating functions -- 2.5 Characteristic functions -- 3 The Random Walk -- 3.1 The unrestricted random walk -- 3.2 Types of stochastic process -- 3.3 The gambler’s ruin -- 3.4 Generalisations of the random-walk model -- 4 Markov Chains -- 4.1 Definitions -- 4.2 Equilibrium distributions -- 4.3 Applications -- 4.4 Classification of the states of a Markov chain -- 5 The Poisson Process -- 6 Markov Chalns with Continuous Time Parameters -- 6.1 The theory -- 6.2 Applications -- 7 Non-Markov Processes in Continuous Time with Discrete State Spaces -- 7.1 Renewal theory -- 7.2 Population processes -- 7.3 Queuing theory -- 8 Diffusion Processes -- Recommendations For Further Reading.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401168991
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 115 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: A Review of the Principles of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 2 Electrical Machines -- 3 Power Networks -- 4 Ionized Gases -- Appendix Three-phase Circuits and Systems.
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401168342
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Revised Metric Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Introducing Geology 2
    Serie: Introducing Geology Series 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Geological History -- 2 The Pre-Cambrian Era -- 3 The Lower Palaeozoic Geosyncline -- 4 The Caledonian Mountain-building -- 5 Devonian Environments -- 6 The Lower Carboniferous Marine Transgression -- 7 The Upper Carboniferous Deltas and Coal Swamps -- 8 The Armorican Mountain-building -- 9 The Permo-Triassic Desert Environment -- 10 The Fluctuating Shelf-seas of the Jurassic -- 11 The Cretaceous Marine Transgression -- 12 Tertiary Cycles of Sedimentation and Igneous Activity -- 13 The Alpine Mountain-Building and the Later Tertiary -- 14 The Quaternary Glaciations.
    Kurzfassung: This book is primarily intended to assist candidates studying geology for the Ordinary Level of G.c.E., and examinations of comparable standard, but it should also be found useful by the" reader requiring a rapid conspectus of the geological history of Britain, and as forming a basis for more advanced work. The scope of the subject matter necessitated a narrow and slippery path be­ tween over-simplification and excessive detail, but the balance adopted is based upon the experience of many years of teaching at all levels, and of examining for the London G.C.E. Board. The maps, combining outcrop dis­ tribution with palaeogeography, presented some difficulty, especially for periods of continuously changing geography, such as the Cretaceous. It was necessary in these cases to make an arbitrary choice of one small part of the period, the geography of which could be illustrated. Candidates are advised not to spend time learning every detail of the outcrop patterns, but to con­ centrate upon the main areas of outcrop. I am indebted to Mrs. Jean Fyffe for the cartographic work.
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  • 12
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    ISBN: 9789401023559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Materials Science Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: (The Nature of Polymer Glasses, Their Packing Density and Mechanical Behaviour) -- The Nature of Polymeric Glasses -- Packing Volume in the Glassy State -- The Rigidity of Polymer Glasses -- Large Deformations and Fracture -- References -- 1 The Thermodynamics of the Glassy State -- 1.1 Introductory Thermodynamic Considerations -- 1.2 Glassy Solidification and Transition Phenomena -- 1.3 Results of the Thermodynamic Theory of Linear Relaxation Phenomena -- 1.4 Glassy Mixed Phases -- 1.5 The Mobility and Structure of Glassy Phases -- References -- 2 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction of X-rays With Matter -- 2.3 Order and Orientation in Polymers -- 2.4 Diffraction of X-rays by Amorphous Materials -- 2.5 Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 2.6 The Radial Distribution Function for Amorphous Polymers -- References -- 3 Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Motion in Polymeric Melts and Glasses -- 3.3 Secondary Relaxation Regions in Typical Organic Glasses -- References -- 4 Creep in Glassy Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.3 Apparatus and Experimental Methods -- 4.4 Creep Phenomena in Glassy Polymers -- 4.5 Final Comments -- References and Bibliography -- 5 The Yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Mechanical Tests -- 5.4 Characteristics of the Yield Process -- 5.5 Inhomogeneous Deformation -- 5.6 Structural Observations -- 5.7 Yield Criteria for Polymers -- 5.8 Molecular Theories of Yielding -- References -- 6 The Post-Yield Behaviour of Amorphous Plastics -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Phenomena of’ strain Softening’ -- 6.3 Plastic Instability Phenomena -- 6.4 The Adiabatic Heating of Polymers Subject to Large Deformations -- 6.5 Orientation Hardening -- 6.6 Large Deformation and Fracture -- References -- 7 Cracking and Crazing in Polymeric Glasses -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fracture Mechanics -- 7.3 Fatigue Fracture -- 7.4 Crazing -- 7.5 Molecular Fracture -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rubber ReinForced Thermoplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rubber Reinforced Glassy Polymers of Commercial Importance -- 8.3 Methods of Manufacture -- 8.4 Incompatibility in Polymer Mixtures -- 8.5 Identification of Two Phase Rubber Reinforced Systems -- 8.6 Dispersed Phase Morphology -- 8.7 Optical Properties -- 8.8 Mechanical Properties -- References -- 9 The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ideal and Non-ideal Sorption and Diffusion of Fixed Gases -- 9.3 The Effect of the Glass Transition on Gas and Vapour Diffusion in Polymers -- 9.4 Relaxation Controlled Transport and Related Crazing of Polymeric Glasses by Vapours -- 9.5 Some Effects of Crystallinity and Orientation on the Transport of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- References -- 10 The Morphology of Regular Block Copolymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Techniques Used for the Study of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.3 Variables Controlling the Morphology -- 10.4 Studies with Specific Systems -- 10.5 Theories of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.6 Implications of Theories and Comparison With Experiment -- 10.7 Mechanical Properties and Deformations -- 10.8 Crystallinity -- References -- Appendix I Glass Transition Temperatures and Expansion Coefficients for the Glass and Rubber States of some Typical Polymeric Glasses -- Appendix II Conversion Factors for SI Units.
    Kurzfassung: This work sets out to provide an up-to-date account of the physical properties and structure of polymers in the glassy state. Properties measured above the glass transition temperature are therefore included only in so far as is necessary for the treatment of the glass transition process. This approach to the subject therefore excludes any detailed account of rubber elasticity or melt rheology or of the structure and conformation of the long chain molecule in solution, although knowledge derived from this field is assumed where required. Major emphasis is placed on structural and mechanical properties, although a number of other physical properties are included. Naturally the different authors contributing to the book write mainly from their own particular points of view and where there are several widely accepted theoretical approaches to a subject, these are sometimes provided in different chapters which will necessarily overlap to a significant extent. For example, the main theoretical presentation on the subject of glass transition is given in Chapter 1. This is supplemented by accounts of the free volume theory in Chapter 3 and in the Introduction, and a short account of the work of Gibbs and DiMarzio, also in Chapter 3. Similarly, there is material on solvent cracking in Chapters 7 and 9, though the two workers approach the subject from opposite directions. Every effort has therefore been made to encourage cross-referencing between different chapters.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401024631
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 174 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 11
    Serie: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 11
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction: A New University and the Challenge of the New Science -- II. Franco Burgersdijck: Late Scholasticism at Leiden -- III. Tumult over Cartesianism -- IV. Joannes de Raey: The Introduction of Cartesian Physics at Leiden -- V. Passing Crises, enduring Disagreement -- VI. The Practice of Philosophy -- VII. ’s Gravesande and Musschenbroek: Newtonianism at Leiden -- VIII. Conclusion: Science, Philosophy and Pedagogy -- Selected Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: 2 result of the attitudes characteristic of the small group of permanent residents at the schools, the academic scholars. This conservatism, however, was not everywhere equally efficacious. In the sixteenth century, the universities of northern Italy, Padua above all, had nurtured an intellectual ferment of considerable significance to the rise of the new science, and they continued to be penetrated by the influence of that science throughout the seventeenth century. The Uni­ versity of Oxford momentarily played host to' leading members of the English scientific community during the Commonwealth period, and Cambridge was shortly to boast the genius of Isaac Newton. Indeed, a small number of the one-hundred-odd universities in Europe strove more or less purposefully to come to grips with the new science and to in­ at least, within the body of learning for which they corporate facets of it, 2 held themselves responsible. Among the most notable of these more progressive schools must be included the University of Leiden, recently founded by the Lowlanders in revolt against the King of Spain, Philip II. The doors of the University of Leiden had first opened, to be sure, in the midst of rebellion, and had been forced open, as it were, by rumors of peace. In 1572, the revolt, with the Calvinists now clearly in the van, acquired what was to prove an enduring foothold in the maritime prov­ inces of Holland and Zeeland.
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  • 14
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    ISBN: 9789401169165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Modern Electrical Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Power Electronics and Rotating Electric Drives -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Power Electronics -- 1.3. Rotating Electric Drives -- References and Bibliography -- 2. The Thyristor -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Semiconductors -- 2.3. Thyristor Characteristics -- 2.4. Thyristor Turn-Off -- 2.5. Thyristor Ratings -- 2.6. Thyristor Manufacture -- 2.7. Thyristors in Circuitsx -- 2.8. Thyristor Protection Circuits -- 2.9. Relative Merits of Thyristors -- 2.10. The Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (Triac) -- 2.11. Summary -- Worked Examples -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 3. Induction Motor Control -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Induction Motor Starting -- 3.3. Induction Motor Speed Control -- References -- Problems -- 4. Direct Current Motor Control -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Starting Direct Current Motors -- 4.3. Speed Control of Direct Current Motors -- 4.4. Position Control by Direct Current Motors -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 5. Synchronous Motor Control -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Synchronous Motor Starting -- 5.3. Speed Control -- 5.4. Synchronous Motor Excitation -- 5.5. A Synchronous or a Direct Current Motor? -- References and Bibliography -- Appendices -- I. Logic Circuitry for Inverter Control -- II. Logic Circuitry for Bidirectional Converter -- III. Logic Circuitry for On-Off Servo -- References -- Additional Problems for Chapters One, Two, Three and Four.
    Kurzfassung: The following pages are meant for those who wish to use thyristors. The details of the physics of semiconductor materials or the design of thyristors themselves are unnecessary here but a general description of the device may help to avoid pitfalls during electric circuit design. Thyristor is the internationally recognized name for a particular semi­ conductor device. The name is derived from the Greek, the first part meaning switch and the second part an association with the transistor family. It has a trade name, viz. SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) and it got this name principally because it is a silicon device and it is used as a rectifier which can be controlled. As a controlled switch it forms a group together with the electromagnetic relay, the thyratron and the mercury arc rectifier. The advantages and disadvantages of the thyristor become apparent in the process of describing the device and its range of application. However, the present general interest, development and use of the thyristor, indicates that for many cases its many advantages make it superior to other devices. Control of rotating electric machines is a major interest of the author so that in this book the applications of the thyristor are towards this end. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400956889
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Chemical Physics
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1 Formal quantum mechanics -- 1.2 The Schrödinger equation -- 1.3 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and related topics -- 1.4 Angular momentum -- 1.5 Electron spin -- 1.6 The need for a relativistic theory -- 2 Vector and Matrix Algebra -- 2.1 Vectors and vector multiplication -- 2.2 The repeated subscript convention for summation -- 2.3 The Kronecker delta ?ij -- 2.4 The ?ijk notation -- 2.5 The ?ijk sum rules -- 2.6 Examples I -- 2.7 The vector operator ? -- 2.8 The gradient -- 2.9 The divergence -- 2.10 The curl -- 2.11 Examples II -- 2.12 Second derivatives in vector calculus -- 2.13 The Dirac delta function -- 2.14 Matrices and determinants: a summary -- 2.15 Vectors in four dimensions -- 3 Classical Mechanics -- 3.1 Inertial frames and Galileo’s relativity principle -- 3.2 The principle of least action -- 3.3 Lagrange’s equations of motion -- 3.4 The Lagrangian for a system of particles -- 3.5 Constants of motion -- 3.6 The Hamiltonian -- 4 Special Relativity -- 4.1 Einstein’s principle of relativity -- 4.2 The interval -- 4.3 The Lorentz transformation -- 4.4 Contraction, dilation and paradoxes -- 4.5 The transformation of velocities -- 4.6 The relativistic mechanics of a free particle -- 4.7 Four-vectors -- 5 The Interaction of Charged Particles with Electromagnetic Fields -- 5.1 Units -- 5.2 The electromagnetic potentials -- 5.3 The field vectors -- 5.4 The Lorentz transformation of electric and magnetic fields -- 5.5 Gauge transformations -- 5.6 Maxwell’s equations -- 5.7 The potentials and fields due to a stationary charge -- 5.8 The potentials due to a moving charge -- 5.9 The interaction of two charged particles -- 5.10 The Thomas precession -- 6 The Classical Theory of Electromagnetic Fields -- 6.1 Continuous mechanical systems -- 6.2 The Lagrangian density for an electromagnetic field -- 6.3 The current four-vector -- 6.4 The second pair of Maxwell’s equations -- 6.5 Electromagnetic waves -- 6.6 Solution of the wave equation for free space -- 6.7 The characteristic vibrations of an electromagnetic field -- 7 Relativistic Wave Equations -- 7.1 Quantization of classical equations -- 7.2 Gauge invariance of quantum mechanical equations -- 7.3 The Klein-Gordon equation -- 8 The Dirac Equation -- 8.1 The Dirac equation for a free electron -- 8.2 The Dirac operators ? and ? -- 8.3 The introduction of an electromagnetic field -- 8.4 Electron spin -- 8.5 Lorentz invariance of the Dirac equation -- 8.6 The negative energy solutions — positrons -- 8.7 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 8.8 The method of small components -- 8.9 The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation -- 8.10 The free electron -- 9 The Wave Equation for Many Electrons -- 9.1 The electromagnetic potentials due to a moving electron -- 9.2 The Hamiltonian for two electrons -- 9.3 The Breit equation -- 9.4 Reduction of the Breit equation to non-relativistic form -- 9.5 Radiative corrections -- 9.6 The many-electron Hamiltonian -- 10 The Molecular Hamiltonian -- 10.1 The introduction of nuclei -- 10.2 Finite nuclear size effects -- 10.3 Spectroscopically useful Hamiltonians -- 10.4 Effective Hamiltonians -- 11 The Hydrogen Atom -- 11.1 Non-relativistic theory for a one-electron atom -- 11.2 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 11.3 The simultaneous eigenfunctions of j2, jz, l2, s2 and K -- 11.4 Commutation relations for the Dirac Hamiltonian -- 11.5 The Dirac equation in polar coordinates -- 11.6 Solution of the radial equations -- 11.7 The energy levels -- 11.8 Comparison of Dirac and non-relativistic atomic orbitals -- 11.9 The Lamb shift -- 11.10 More complicated systems -- 12 Quantum Field Theory -- 12.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- 12.2 Solution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator equation -- 12.3 Creation and annihilation operators -- 12.4 Photons -- 12.5 Zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuations -- 12.6 Fermions and second quantization -- 13 The Interaction of Radiation and Matter -- 13.1 The interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory -- 13.3 Matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.4 Absorption and emission -- 13.5 Comparison of the semiclassical and quantized theories -- 13.6 Multi-photon processes -- 13.7 The scattering of photons by molecules -- 13.8 Line widths and resonance fluorescence -- Appendix A Units -- A.1 SI units -- A.2 Conversion from the mixed (Gaussian) CGS system to the SI system -- A.3 Recommended values of physical constants -- Appendix B Vector Relations in Three Dimensions -- Appendix C General Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is primarily intended for graduate chemists and chemical physicists. Indeed, it is based on a graduate course that I give in the Chemistry Depart­ ment of Southampton University. Nowadays undergraduate chemistry courses usually include an introduction to quantum mechanics with particular reference to molecular properties and there are a number of excellent textbooks aimed specifically at undergraduate chemists. In valence theory and molecular spectroscopy physical concepts are often encountered that are normally taken on trust. For example, electron spin and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron are usually accepted as postulates, although they are well understood by physicists. In addition, the advent of new techniques has led to experimental situations that can only be accounted for adequately by relatively sophisticated physical theory. Relativis­ tic corrections to molecular orbital energies are needed to explain X-ray photo­ electron spectra, while the use oflasers can give rise to multiphoton transitions, which are not easy to understand using the classical theory of radiation. Of course, the relevant equations may be extracted from the literature, but, if the underlying physics is not understood, this is a practice that is at best dissatisfy­ ing and at worst dangerous. One instance where great care must be taken is in the use of spectroscopically determined parameters to test the accuracy of elec­ tronic wave functions.
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401165723
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 83 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Mathematics
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: Content -- 1. Axioms for the Real Numbers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fields -- 3 Order -- 4 Completeness -- 5 Upper bound -- 6 The Archimedean property -- Exercises -- 2. Sequences -- 7 Limit of a sequence -- 8 Sequences without limits -- 9 Monotone sequences -- Exercises -- 3. Series -- 10 Infinite series -- 11 Convergence -- 12 Tests -- 13 Absolute convergence -- 14 Power series -- Exercises -- 4. Continuous Functions -- 15 Limit of a function -- 16 Continuity -- 17 The intermediate value property -- 18 Bounds of a continuous function -- Exercises -- 5. Differentiable Functions -- 19 Derivatives -- 20 Rolle’s theorem -- 21 The mean value theorem -- Exercises -- 6. The Riemann Integral -- 22 Introduction -- 23 Upper and lower sums -- 24 Riemann-integrable functions -- 25 Examples -- 26 A necessary and sufficient condition -- 27 Monotone functions -- 28 Uniform continuity -- 29 Integrability of continuous functions -- 30 Properties of the Riemann integral -- 31 The mean value theorem -- 32 Integration and differentiation -- Exercises -- Answers to the Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: I have tried to provide an introduction, at an elementary level, to some of the important topics in real analysis, without avoiding reference to the central role which the completeness of the real numbers plays throughout. Many elementary textbooks are written on the assumption that an appeal to the complete­ ness axiom is beyond their scope; my aim here has been to give an account of the development from axiomatic beginnings, without gaps, while keeping the treatment reasonably simple. Little previous knowledge is assumed, though it is likely that any reader will have had some experience of calculus. I hope that the book will give the non-specialist, who may have considerable facility in techniques, an appreciation of the foundations and rigorous framework of the mathematics that he uses in its applications; while, for the intending mathe­ matician, it will be more of a beginner's book in preparation for more advanced study of analysis. I should finally like to record my thanks to Professor Ledermann for the suggestions and comments that he made after reading the first draft of the text.
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (64 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies In Biology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategy and tactics -- 3 Model systems, the reductionist approach -- 3.1 Bacteriophage -- 3.2 Enzyme induction in bacteria -- 3.3 Spore formation in bacteria -- 3.4 Are prokaryotes good models for eukaryotes? -- 3.5 The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum -- 3.6 Tissue culture cells -- 3.7 Metamorphosis -- References -- 4 Special systems, the classical approach -- 4.1 Chromosome structure and function -- 4.2 RNA synthesis -- 4.3 Protein synthesis -- 4.4 Protein degradation -- 4.5 Protein modification -- 4.6 Metabolism -- Summary -- References -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Kurzfassung: The development of an embryo is one of the which prevents entry of other sperm, fusion of most awe inspiring biological phenomena and the two haploid nuclei occurs and within about the study of cell differentiation can be traced 30 minutes the pigmented cortex rotates with respect to the underlying cytoplasm and in so back in antiquity to Aristotle and beyond However, there are few modern sciences which doing it reveals a grey, crescent shaped area on pay more than a cursory obeisance to their the side of the egg opposite to the point of founders and few students seem very interested entry of the sperm. This is another example of in the theories of their dead predecessors. polarity developing. Soon after fertilization the Embryology, though, is that rare exception - a zygote enters a period of rapid nuclear and cell division. The result of this cleavage process is science where the problems, theories and often that the egg cytoplasm is partitioned between techniques that excite our interest today, are essentially the same as those which excited our numerous cells whose ratio of nuclear volume to cytoplasmic volume is more like that found colleagues of fifty or even a hundred years ago. in an 'average' somatic cell.
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  • 18
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    ISBN: 9789401027625
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (86p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Heidelberg / Institut International de Philosophie Entretiens de Heilderberg, 12-16 September 1969 / 12-16 septembre 1969 2
    Serie: Institut International de Philosophie 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Table des Matieres -- Eröffnungsansprache. Welt Ohne Geschichte -- Wahrheit und Geschichtlichkeit -- Remarques sur la Communication du Professeur Karl Löwith -- Are Truth and History Incompatible? -- Beitrag zur Kritik der Lehre von der Geschichtlichkeit der Wahrheit -- History and Philosophy, Art and Science, Validity and Truth -- Bemerkungen zu dem Referat von Richard Mckeon -- Tradition, Vérité et Histoire -- Diskussionsbeitrag -- L’historicité Comme Alibi -- Contribution à la Discussion de la Conférence de M. le Professeur Brunner sur le Thème “L’Historicite Commé Alibi” -- Vérité et Historicité.
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  • 19
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    ISBN: 9789401027649
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 70 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Helsinki / Institut International de Philosophie Entretiens de Helsinki, 24-27 August 1970 / 24-27 août 1970 1
    Serie: Institut International de Philosophie 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Table Des Matières -- Knowledge and Reasons -- Comments on Professor Williams’ “Knowledge and Reasons” -- Memory Re-Chained -- Connaissance et Reconnaissance -- De L’Evidence -- Wittgenstein on Certainty -- Comments on Professor Von Wright’s “Wittgenstein on Certainty” -- Kant Et La Connaissance De Soi.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401028240
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (202p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 21
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Monism, Logos, Fire, and Flux -- Kant’s Theory of Symbolism -- Dualisms in William James’s Principles of Psychology -- Charles Peirce and the Firstness of Process -- The Meaning of Sameness or Family Resemblance in the Pragmatic Tradition -- Pragmatics and Definite Descriptions -- Distinguishing Presupposition in Epistemology -- Verification in Metaphysics -- Gentzen’s Cut Elimination Theorem for Non-Logicians -- The Aesthetics of Harold N. Lee: A Reconsideration -- On the Phenomenon of Obligation -- Positivistic Paths to Value -- Publications by Harold N. Lee.
    Kurzfassung: Harold N. Lee retired from Tulane University in June 1970. At first the event was too incredible for us to react. Harold N. Lee is a "character" in the best sense of the term. Surely he would never leave us. He was too much an institution for our institution to proceed without him. But he had attained the mandatory retirement age of seventy, as he himself informed us, and we could not refute the calendar. When at last we came to acknowledge the event, we - his colleagues, profession­ al friends, and former students - realized that we wanted to honor him in a manner more permanent than dinners and parties. So the idea of the present collection of essays dawned. Harold N. Lee taught philosophy at Tulane University for forty-five years. As professor of philosophy at Newcomb College, the undergraduate women's division of Tulane, and head of the Newcomb philosophy department, he carried a heavy burden of teaching and administration. He introduced many of the courses that are now a basic part of the curriculum, such as the courses in aesthetics and symbolic logic. Shortly after World War II he became chairman of the then newly­ formed university department of philosophy and played a major role in the establishment of the doctoral program in philosophy. Throughout the decades he also continued his philosophical researches, and he has published and continues to publish important articles and books at regular intervals.
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  • 21
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    ISBN: 9789401094627
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 89 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Mathematics
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: One: Convex Sets -- 1. Convex hulls, polytopes and vertices -- 2. Basic solutions of equations -- 3. Theorem of the separating hyperplane -- 4. Alternative solutions of linear inequalities 10 Exercises -- Two: The Theory of Linear Programming -- 1. Examples and classes of linear programmes -- 2. Fundamental duality theorem -- 3. Equilibrium theorems -- 4. Basic optimal vectors -- 5. Graphical method of solution -- Exercises -- Three: The Transportation Problem -- 1. Formulation of problem and dual -- 2. Theorems concerning optimal solutions -- 3. Method of solution with modifications for degeneracy -- 4. Other problems of transportation type -- Exercises -- Four: The Simplex Method -- 1. Preliminary discussion and rules -- 2. Theory of the simplex method -- 3. Further techniques and extensions -- Exercises -- Five: Game Theory -- 1. Two-person zero-sum games -- 2. Solution of games: saddle points -- 3. Solution of games: mixed strategies -- 4. Dominated and essential strategies -- 5. Minimax theorem -- 6. Solution of matrix games by simplex method -- Exercises -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Solutions to Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: Linear programming is a relatively modern branch of Mathe­ matics, which is a result of the more scientific approach to management and planning of the post-war era. The purpose of this book is to present a mathematical theory of the subject, whilst emphasising the applications and the techniques of solution. An introduction to the theory of games is given in chapter five and the relationship between matrix games and linear programmes is established. The book assumes that the reader is familiar with matrix algebra and the background knowledge required is covered in the book, Linear Equations by P.M. Cohn, of this series. In fact the notation used in this text conforms with that intro­ duced by Cohn. The book is based on a course of about 18 lectures given to Mathematics and Physics undergraduates. Several examples are worked out in the text and each chapter is followed by a set of examples. I am grateful to my husband for many valuable suggestions and advice, and also to Professor W. Ledermann, for encourag­ ing me to write this book.
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  • 22
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    ISBN: 9789400956803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 148 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Chapman & Hall Mathematics Series
    Serie: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: Metric spaces -- 1. Basic theory -- 2. The theory of differentiable functions -- 3. Further topics -- Glossary of symbols.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains a rigorous coverage of those topics (and only those topics) that, in the author's judgement, are suitable for inclusion in a first course on Complex Functions. Roughly speaking, these can be summarized as being the things that can be done with Cauchy's integral formula and the residue theorem. On the theoretical side, this includes the basic core of the theory of differentiable complex functions, a theory which is unsurpassed in Mathematics for its cohesion, elegance and wealth of surprises. On the practical side, it includes the computational applications of the residue theorem. Some prominence is given to the latter, because for the more sceptical student they provide the justification for inventing the complex numbers. Analytic continuation and Riemann surfaces form an essentially different chapter of Complex Analysis. A proper treatment is far too sophisticated for a first course, and they are therefore excluded. The aim has been to produce the simplest possible rigorous treatment of the topics discussed. For the programme outlined above, it is quite sufficient to prove Cauchy'S integral theorem for paths in star-shaped open sets, so this is done. No form of the Jordan curve theorem is used anywhere in the book.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401534567
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 191 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres d’Archives-Husserl 22
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 22
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: William James’s Concept of the Stream of Thought Phenomenologically Interpreted -- Edmund Husserl’s Ideas, Volume II -- Phenomenology and the Foundations of the Social Sciences (Ideas, Volume III by Edmund Husserl) -- The Problem of Transcendental Intersubjectivity in Husserl -- Discussion by Eugen Fink and Response by the Author to Fink and Other Critics -- Type and Eidos in Husserl’s Late Philosophy -- I. The Preacquaintedness of the World and its Objects; Inner and Outer Horizon -- II. Empirical Types and Universals -- III. Constitution of Universal Objectivities in the Predicative Sphere -- IV. The Enlargement of the Notion of Typicality in Husserl’s “Krisis” -- V. Type and Eidos -- VI. Some Critical Remarks -- Some Structures of the Life-World -- Max Scheler’s Philosophy -- Max Scheler’s Epistemology and Ethics -- Table of Contents of Volumes I, II and III.
    Kurzfassung: Alfred Schutz devoted his life to a clarification of the foun­ dations of the social sciences. His first formulation of the perti­ nent problems is contained in DER SINNHAFTE AUFBAu DER SOZIALEN WELT, EINE EINLEITUNG IN DIE VERSTEHENDE SOZIOLOGIE, now available in a second unrevised German edition with an English translation in preparation. Since I932, the date of this work, Alfred Schutz pursued painstaking and detailed investigations of issues which arose in connection with his early endeavors. These investigations were originally published as a series of essays and monographs over a period of about twenty years and are now assembled in the COLLECTED PAPERS of which this is the third and final volume. They form a unitary whole insofar as a common core of problems and theoretical ideas is presented from varying perspectives. Together DER SINNHAFTE AUFBAu DER SOZIALEN WELT and the three volumes of COL­ LECTED PAPERS set forth a comprehensive and consistent theory of the world of everyday life as the reality with which the social sciences are essentially concerned. Alfred Schutz was preparing a systematic presentation of his theory and of the results of his investigations into the struc­ tures of the world of everyday life when death overtook him. The manuscript containing the final statement of his philosophical and sociological thinking was not completely ready for publi­ cation at the time of his death. It is now being brought into book form by Professor Thomas Luckmann, one of his former students.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401031974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (130p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: History, The Sciences, and Uniqueness -- Knowledge, Adaptive Responses, and the Ecosystem -- The Scepticism of George Santayana -- The Case for Moral Cognitivism -- The Reality Game -- Two views of the Nature of Knowledge -- C.G. Jung and the a Priori -- Nietzsche and the Problem of Knowledge -- The Epistemological Views of a “Social Behoviorist”.
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