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  • Online Resource  (126)
  • 1970-1974  (126)
  • Science (General)  (117)
  • USA
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Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The journal of politics : JOP (1939-)
    Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1939 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2508 , 0022-3816 , 0022-3816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1939 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The journal of politics
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Southern Political Science Association Proceedings of the Southern Political Science Association
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Politische Wissenschaft Vereinigte Staaten ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Politische Wissenschaft ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Politische Wissenschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 28.09.20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2001886-1
    URL: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/loi/jop
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14682508
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jpolitics
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI-MMG
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Journal of black studies (1970-)
    Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage ; 1.1970 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1552-4566 , 0021-9347
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Journal of black studies
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Schwarze ; Online-Ressource ; Schwarze ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Schwarze ; Online-Ressource ; Schwarze ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource
    Note: Gesehen am 18.01.06
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?1499073
    URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbs
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jblackstudiesl
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1499073-8
    URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbs
    URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbs
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jblackstudiesl
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1499073-8
    URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbs
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jblackstudiesl
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1499073-8
    URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbs
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jblackstudiesl
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Journal of Japanese studies (1974-)
    Seattle, Wash. : Soc. ; 1.1974 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1549-4721 , 0095-6848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The journal of Japanese studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Japanologie ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Japanologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2052218
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/268
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jjapanesestudies
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052218-6
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/268
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jjapanesestudies
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052218-6
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/268
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jjapanesestudies
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Journal of American history (1964-)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press | Bloomington, Ind. : OAH ; 51.1964/65 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1945-2314 , 0021-8723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 51.1964/65 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The journal of American history
    Former Title: Vorg.: Mississippi Valley historical review
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; USA ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.02.2021
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2002867
    URL: http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/jah/issue
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jamericanhistory
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2002867-2
    URL: http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/jah/issue
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jamericanhistory
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2002867-2
    URL: http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/jah/issue
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jamericanhistory
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2002867-2
    URL: http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/jah/issue
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jamericanhistory
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American historical review (1895-)
    New York, NY : American Historical Assoc. | Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press | Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1895/96 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 1937-5239 , 0002-8762 , 0002-8762
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1895/96 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The American historical review
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Weltgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; USA ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 23.10.12
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=30h&jid=%22AHS%22&scope=site
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/ahr/issue
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/ahr/issue
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/ahr/issue
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1493196-5
    URL: https://academic.oup.com/ahr/issue
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi
    URL: teilw. kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gesellschaftliche Entwicklung und Industriesoziologie in den USA: eine historische Analyse (1974)
    Köln : Europ. Verl.-Anst
    Details
    ISBN: 3434200649
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 162 S.
    Series Statement: Arbeiten des Instituts für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung e.V., München
    DDC: 306.3
    RVK:
    MS 1235
    RVK:
    MS 4800
    RVK:
    QV 020
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Industriesoziologie ; Gesellschaft ; Entwicklung ; Soziologie ; USA
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-68397
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-68397
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immigrating to the United States : an orientation manual (1974)
    New York : American Immigration and Citizenship Conference
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p) , 22 cm
    Edition: Alexandria, VA Alexander Street Press 2003 North American Immigrant Letters, Diaries, and Oral Histories Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041032-9
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Bernard, William Spencer Immigrating to the United States
    DDC: 325.73
    RVK:
    HR 2604
    RVK:
    LB 56600
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    NW 2562
    Keywords: Migration ; USA ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Handbooks, manuals, etc
    Note: Bibliography: p. 25-26
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    KOBV
    BVB
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Chemistry of the Non-Metals (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Principles of structure and bonding -- 2 Simple hydrides and halides -- 3 Non-metal oxides, sulphides, and their derivatives -- 4 The elements -- 5 Catenated compounds and related systems -- 6 Borazines, phosphazenes, silicones, and related systems.
    Abstract: This book is a new attempt to interrelate the chemistry of the non-metals. In the early chapters, simple compounds of the non-metals with the halogens, hydrogen, and oxygen are surveyed, permitting a large area of chemistry to be discussed without the burden of too many facts. The structural relationships in the elemental forms of the non-metals are then used as an introduction to the catenated compounds, including the boron hydrides. In the concluding chapter, selected heteronuclear chain, ring, and cage compounds are con­ sidered. In some chapters, we have thought it useful to outline important features of a topic in relation to chemical theory, before giving a more detailed ac count of the chemistry of individual elements. The book is certainly not comprehensive and the bias in the material selected probably reflects our interest in volatile, covalent non-metal compounds. Suggestions for furt her reading are presented in two ways. A selected bibliography lists general textbooks which relate to much of our subject matter. References in the text point to review articles and to a few original papers which we consider to be of special interest. Although there are few difficult concepts in the text, the treatment may be appreciated most by students with some previous exposure to a Group by Group approach to non-metal chemistry. We have assumed an elementary knowledge of chemical periodicity, bonding theory, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic methods of structure determination.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6904-2
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enzyme Engineering Volume 2 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461588979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 470 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- Developments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: Considerable worldwide interest has arisen in recent years in the controlled use of enzymes as catalysts in industrial processing, analytical chemistry and medical therapy. This interest has genera­ ted the new interdisciplinary field of Enzyme Engineering, which includes both the scientific and technologic aspects of the produc­ tion, purification, immobilization, and application of enzymes in a variety of situations and reactor configurations. A series of Engineering Foundation conferences on Enzyme Engineering was initia­ ted to provide an international forum for the exchange of ideas and information over the entire range of this new field. The outstanding success of the first two conferences attests to the vigor and poten­ tial of this field to contribute significantly to a better under­ standing and resolution of some of the major problems faced by man­ kind. The first conference, which was held August 9-13, 1971, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A. , aided significantly in molding the several traditional disciplines that interact to form the field of Enzyme Engineering. The conference was highly successful mainly because many of the key scientists and engineers from the several facets of Enzyme Engineering were brought together for the first time at a single residential meeting. The result was an exchange of ideas and "education" of one another in the pertinent principles of the diverse disciplines which contribute to this field. The second conference, held August 5-10, 1973, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A.
    Description / Table of Contents: ContentDevelopments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8897-9
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vacuum Manual (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401181204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Basic Data -- 1.1 Ultimate pressure(pu) -- 1.2 Evolution of gas from materials -- 1.3 Permeation of gases through solids -- 1.4 Gas flow in vacuum systems -- 1.5 Pump fluids, sealing compounds and greases -- References -- 2. Vacuum Equipment -- 2.1 Vacuum pumps, valves and accessories -- 2.2 Vacuum instrumentation -- 2.3 Vacuum process plant and vacuum systems -- 2.4 Manufacturers’ names and addresses -- 3. Recent Developments in Vacuum Science and Technology -- 3.1 Vacuum pumps; recent developments -- References -- 3.2 Vacuum instruments for the analysis of surfaces -- References -- 3.3 Ion impact sputtering: particle emission related to apparatus design and thin film growth -- References -- Manufacturers’ Index -- Equipment Index -- Advertisers’ Index.
    Abstract: Vacuum apparatus is widely used in research and industrial establishments for providing and monitoring the working environments required for the operation of many kinds of scientific instruments and process plant. The vacuum conditions needed range from the relatively coarse vacuum requirements in applications covering diverse fields such as food packaging, dentistry (investment casting), vacuum forming, vacuum metallur­ gical processes, vacuum impregnation, molecular distillation, vacuum drying and freeze drying etc. to the other extreme involving the highest possible vacuum as in particle accelerators, space technology -both in simulation and outer space, and research studies of atomically clean surfaces and pure condensed metal films. Vacua commence with the rough vacuum region, i.e. from atmosphere to 100 Pa * passing 6 through medium vacuum of 100 Pa to 0·1 Pa and high vacuum of 0·1 Pa to 1 J.lPa (10- Pa) until ultra high vacuum is reached below 1 J.lPa to the limit of measurable pressure about 12 I pPa (10- Pa).
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Basic Data1.1 Ultimate pressure(pu) -- 1.2 Evolution of gas from materials -- 1.3 Permeation of gases through solids -- 1.4 Gas flow in vacuum systems -- 1.5 Pump fluids, sealing compounds and greases -- References -- 2. Vacuum Equipment -- 2.1 Vacuum pumps, valves and accessories -- 2.2 Vacuum instrumentation -- 2.3 Vacuum process plant and vacuum systems -- 2.4 Manufacturers’ names and addresses -- 3. Recent Developments in Vacuum Science and Technology -- 3.1 Vacuum pumps; recent developments -- References -- 3.2 Vacuum instruments for the analysis of surfaces -- References -- 3.3 Ion impact sputtering: particle emission related to apparatus design and thin film growth -- References -- Manufacturers’ Index -- Equipment Index -- Advertisers’ Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8120-4
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of the Avian Embryo : A Behavioural and Physiological Study (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957107
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Behaviour -- 1. Incubation Requirements -- 2. General Development, Postural Changes, Activity and Relationship between the Embryo and Other Structures within the Shell -- 3. Vocalization and Communication in the Natural Situation -- 4. Effects of External Stimulation on Embryonic Activity, Rate of Development and Time of Hatching -- 5. The Nervous System -- 6. The Development of Sensory Systems -- 7. Conditioning of the Chick Embryo and Conclusions to Chapters 1–7 -- 8. The Newly Hatched Bird -- Two: Physiology -- 9. Gaseous Exchange and Oxygenation of the Embryo -- 10. Nutrition and Utilization of Albumen and Yolk -- 11. Acid-base Balance -- 12. Excretion and Water Balance -- 13. Hormones in Development -- 14. Mobilization and Utilization of Calcium Stores -- 15. Physiology of Hatching -- 16. The Neonate -- Appendix 1: Chronology of development in the domestic fowl -- Appendix 2: Development of the chick embryo in relation to the shell, yolk, albumen and extra-embryonic membranes by Beryl Tolhurst -- References.
    Abstract: In this book we have described the major events of embryonic development and considered the underlying mechanisms which result in the production of a viable hatchling. We have, as the subtitle of the book indicates, con­ centrated on behavioural and physiological topics: it is not our purpose to consider the early embryology of the bird - which is adequately covered by other texts - but we have included morphogenetic information where appropriate. The form of the book was dictated by a belief that interest in this aspect of development is not confined to embryologists, biochemists and physiolo­ gists. Therefore after describing the conditions in which the egg normally develops we have considered first the whole embryo: what it is like at different stages, what it does, how it gets from one position to another within the shell and how, later, it comes to interact with the wider environ­ ment of the nest. Only after this have we considered the development of the nervous and sensory mechanisms on which this transformation depends and on the problem of the level of behavioural maturity with which the chick emerges from the egg. With the main lines of development described we have, in the second part of the book, turned to a detailed consideration of the physiology of development: ranging from what may be conveniently described as the 'life-support' systems - gaseous exchange, provision of energy, etc. - to the of hormones in avian development.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Behaviour1. Incubation Requirements -- 2. General Development, Postural Changes, Activity and Relationship between the Embryo and Other Structures within the Shell -- 3. Vocalization and Communication in the Natural Situation -- 4. Effects of External Stimulation on Embryonic Activity, Rate of Development and Time of Hatching -- 5. The Nervous System -- 6. The Development of Sensory Systems -- 7. Conditioning of the Chick Embryo and Conclusions to Chapters 1-7 -- 8. The Newly Hatched Bird -- Two: Physiology -- 9. Gaseous Exchange and Oxygenation of the Embryo -- 10. Nutrition and Utilization of Albumen and Yolk -- 11. Acid-base Balance -- 12. Excretion and Water Balance -- 13. Hormones in Development -- 14. Mobilization and Utilization of Calcium Stores -- 15. Physiology of Hatching -- 16. The Neonate -- Appendix 1: Chronology of development in the domestic fowl -- Appendix 2: Development of the chick embryo in relation to the shell, yolk, albumen and extra-embryonic membranes by Beryl Tolhurst -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5710-7
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  • 12
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    Machine Design (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. General Aspects of Design -- 1 The nature and value of design -- 2 Where does invention end and design begin? -- 3 Design components -- 4 The need for a clear statement of the problem -- 5 The right amount of perseverance -- 6 Design and calculation -- 7 The art of moderation -- 8 The courage to be exceptional -- 9 Design and aesthetics -- 10 Design and skill in drawing -- 11 Standards -- 12 A brief theory of engineering surfaces -- 13 Limitations and changes in the production process -- 14 Control and self-control -- II. General Form Design -- 15 Introduction to general form design -- 16 Elements of design -- 17 The principle of constant wall thickness -- 18 Strong and weak shapes -- 19 The phenomenon of ‘lines of force’ -- 20 Effect of shape on loading and stresses -- 21 The stress-concentration index (or ‘notch sensitivity’) of materials -- 22 Designing to match the strength flow -- 23 The shaping of corners and guide facings -- 24 Designing to match fluid flow.
    Abstract: Books on engineering design, like designs them­ selves, are highly individual. In this one, the author emphasizes the importance of a visual approach to machine design and makes his point by including a large number of illustrations. He also stresses the need for clear objectives in all design work. Professor Leyer is an experienced designer and an inspiring teacher, and his book is based on his own lecture course in the subject. Throughout, he shows be the goal to which mathematics, mech­ design to anics and engineering drawing are the means. His book complements the usual range of engineering texts and can be read to advantage by students at any stage of their studies. In addition, he gives clear descriptive accounts of some important topics (such as stress concentration and the torsion of non­ circular sections) which are often omitted from textbooks because of their mathematical complexity. In controversial matters-the merits of the patent system, for example-Professor Leyer leaves us in no doubt as to his own views. In editing this translation I have used SI units for physical quantities and I urge readers to make their own calculations in this system whenevet they have the choice. It will be some years, however, before the familiar inch, foot and pound disappear alto­ gether and I have added the corresponding values in these units.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. General Aspects of Design1 The nature and value of design -- 2 Where does invention end and design begin? -- 3 Design components -- 4 The need for a clear statement of the problem -- 5 The right amount of perseverance -- 6 Design and calculation -- 7 The art of moderation -- 8 The courage to be exceptional -- 9 Design and aesthetics -- 10 Design and skill in drawing -- 11 Standards -- 12 A brief theory of engineering surfaces -- 13 Limitations and changes in the production process -- 14 Control and self-control -- II. General Form Design -- 15 Introduction to general form design -- 16 Elements of design -- 17 The principle of constant wall thickness -- 18 Strong and weak shapes -- 19 The phenomenon of ‘lines of force’ -- 20 Effect of shape on loading and stresses -- 21 The stress-concentration index (or ‘notch sensitivity’) of materials -- 22 Designing to match the strength flow -- 23 The shaping of corners and guide facings -- 24 Designing to match fluid flow.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6006-3
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  • 13
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    Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology : Volume 4 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461590590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated Temperatures -- Stresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals—Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe—Ni—Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
    Abstract: This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are selected in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en­ vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non­ aqueous liquids.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated TemperaturesStresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals-Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9059-0
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  • 14
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    The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Physics of Grain Movement -- 1 Sand and Dust -- 2 The Behaviour of Sand Grains in the Air -- 3 Wind-Tunnel Observations -- 4 The Surface Wind -- 5 The Effect of Sand Movement on the Surface Wind -- 6 Confirmatory Measurements in the Desert -- 7 Threshold Wind Speed and Size of Sand Grain -- 8 Summary of the Physics of Grain Movement -- II Small-Scale Effects. Grain Size Distribution. Surface Ripples and Ridges -- 9 Grading Diagrams -- 10 Grading Changes in Non-Uniform Sand -- 11 Surface Ripples and Ridges -- III Large-Scale Effects. Sand Accumulation. Dunes. Internal Structure, Etc. -- 12 Conditions for the Growth of a Sand Surface -- 13 Sand Shadows and Sand Drifts. General Factors on Which Dune Shape Depends -- 14 The Barchan Dune -- 15 The Longitudinal or Seif Dune. The Whaleback -- 16 The Internal Structure of Sand Deposits -- 17 ‘ Singing Sands ’.
    Abstract: THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM THIS book results from an attempt to explain on a basis of experimental physics some of the many strange phenomena produced by the natural movement of sand over the dry land of the Earth. The subject is but one aspect of a far wider problem which is still very imperfectly grasped-the transport of solid particles of any kind by fluids in general. Here the difficulty has been, and still is, that no one branch of science has attempted to deal with the problem as a whole, or to co-ordinate the vast amount of piecemeal work by students of different outlook in many unrelated fields. The carriage of silt by rivers has received a great deal of attention from engineers. But owing to the difficulties of direct measurement, to the expense and labour of conducting full-scale experiments, and to a failure to find agreement as to the basic quantities upon which a theoretical edifice may be built, the published results are far from satisfactory. Little has emerged except empirical formulae; and these are rarely capable of reliable application to conditions other than those under which they were evolved. The drifting of snow is of direct interest to transport authorities in many countries, to meteorologists engaged in the study of rainfall, to ski-runners and to mountaineers. Yet no means has been found whereby the precipitation can be gauged, or the rate of drift related to the strength of the wind.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Physics of Grain Movement1 Sand and Dust -- 2 The Behaviour of Sand Grains in the Air -- 3 Wind-Tunnel Observations -- 4 The Surface Wind -- 5 The Effect of Sand Movement on the Surface Wind -- 6 Confirmatory Measurements in the Desert -- 7 Threshold Wind Speed and Size of Sand Grain -- 8 Summary of the Physics of Grain Movement -- II Small-Scale Effects. Grain Size Distribution. Surface Ripples and Ridges -- 9 Grading Diagrams -- 10 Grading Changes in Non-Uniform Sand -- 11 Surface Ripples and Ridges -- III Large-Scale Effects. Sand Accumulation. Dunes. Internal Structure, Etc. -- 12 Conditions for the Growth of a Sand Surface -- 13 Sand Shadows and Sand Drifts. General Factors on Which Dune Shape Depends -- 14 The Barchan Dune -- 15 The Longitudinal or Seif Dune. The Whaleback -- 16 The Internal Structure of Sand Deposits -- 17 ‘ Singing Sands ’.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5682-7
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  • 15
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    Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps : Volume I The Raw Materials of Perfumery (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Seventh Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A dictionary of the raw materials of perfumery -- Plate 1 View of plant used for steam distillation of clove oil -- Plate 2 Complex of reactors used for preparation of perfumery raw materials -- Plate 3 View of a distillation plant used for the clarification of essential oil -- Plate 4 Cleaning out a still used for Spike Lavender in the Cuena district of Spain -- Plate 5 View of stainless steel storage tanks -- Plate 6 View of a modern perfumery distillation plant.
    Abstract: It is now fifteen years since the last edition of this reference volume appeared and during this time new materials have appeared and some have fallen into disuse. The present edition is the result of much revision and some deletion and an effort has been made to bring the information up-to-date and in conformity with current practice. Of recent years several speciality materials have appeared, and a number of these are included where their chemical composition is known. Speciality materials of vague composition are not included. For many of the compounds listed several alternative names are in use, some of which from the chemist's point of view are either inadequate, ambiguous, or occasionally actually misleading. In this edition the compounds have been listed under names which are considered to be chemically satisfactory and which, at the same time, should be reasonably familiar to perfumers; they do not necessarily contain full information as to the structure of the com­ pound and they make free use of widely accepted trivial names. In most of the entries this is followed by a systematic name which defines the chemical structure, while synonyms which are in use, though sometimes chemically unsatisfactory, are given in brackets, with a cross-reference to the main entry. Prefixes denoting structural features, such as n-, iso-, cis-, trans-, 0-, m-, p-, and so on are disregarded in the alphabetical listing.
    Description / Table of Contents: A dictionary of the raw materials of perfumeryPlate 1 View of plant used for steam distillation of clove oil -- Plate 2 Complex of reactors used for preparation of perfumery raw materials -- Plate 3 View of a distillation plant used for the clarification of essential oil -- Plate 4 Cleaning out a still used for Spike Lavender in the Cuena district of Spain -- Plate 5 View of stainless steel storage tanks -- Plate 6 View of a modern perfumery distillation plant.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5691-9
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  • 16
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    The Problem of Excitability : Electrical Excitability and Ionic Permeability of the Nerve Membrane (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461344872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane Potential -- Changes in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
    Abstract: The Russian edition of this book appeared in 1969 and im­ mediately gained widespread recognition as a reference work for research workers interested in the physiology, biophysics, and pharmacology of excitable tissues. There are several reasons for the book's success. It deals with a key problem in biology which has recently been the subject of very intensive study and it is of great interest to a wide scientific audience. Not only the fundamentals of the modern membrane theory of biopotentials, but also the vast factual material collected in the last decades by the study of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the ionic permeability pores of the cell membrane, are described in the book in an authoritative yet readable form. Special attention is paid in the book to the systematic analysis of the consequences of the Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical theory of the nervous impulse for the problem of excitability. The relationship between the various parameters of excitability (threshold potential, threshold current, useful time), accommodation, and the action potential on the one hand, and the constants of ionic permeability of the nerve fiber membrane, on the other hand, is subjected to detailed examination in this context. To do this, the author has made extensive use not only of experimental results obtained on isolated fibers (especially single nodes of Ran­ vier), but also the results of his own investigations on mathematical models of excitable membranes.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane PotentialChanges in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4487-2
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  • 17
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    The Concert Song Companion : A Guide to the Classical Repertoire (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475700497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Music.
    Abstract: I The German Language -- II France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
    Abstract: W HAT I H A V E attempted in this book is a survey of song; the kind of song which one finds variously described as 'concert', 'art', or sometimes even 'classical song'. 'Concert song' seems the most useful, certainly the least inexact or misleading, of some descriptions, especially since 'art song' sounds primly off­ putting, and 'classical song' really ought to be used only to refer to songs written during the classical period, i. e. the 18th century. Concert song clearly means the kind of songs one hears sung at concerts or recitals. Addressing myself to the general music-lover who, though he possesses no special knowledge of the song literature, is never­ theless interested enough in songs and their singers to attend recitals of Lieder or of songs in various languages, I have naturally confined myself to that period of time in which the vast majority of these songs was composed, though not necessarily only to those composers whose songs have survived to be remembered in recital programmes today. I suppose this to be roughly the three centuries covered by the years 1650-1950, though most of the songs we, as audiences, know and love were composed in the middle of this period, in other words in the 19th century.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The German LanguageII France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0049-7
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  • 18
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    Practical Inorganic Chemistry : Preparations, reactions and instrumental methods (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401727440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 242 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Typical elements2. Oxo-acids and oxo-acid salts -- 3. High temperature reactions -- 4. The elements of the first transition series -- 5. The preparation of some manganese compounds -- 6. Coordination chemistry I: typical compounds -- 7. Clathrate compounds -- 8. Double salts -- 9. The stabilization of oxidation states -- 10. Electrochemical oxidation and reduction -- 11. Coordination chemistry II: stereochemistry -- 12. Homogeneous catalysis -- 13. Chemistry in non-aqueous solvents -- 14. Inorganic polymers -- 15. High vacuum techniques in chemistry -- 16. Inert atmosphere techniques -- 17. Spectroscopic techniques -- 18. Conductance measurements -- 19. Separation techniques -- 20. Magnetic measurements -- 21. Potentiometric titrations -- 22. Polarimetry -- General bibliography -- Appendix: SI Units -- Atomic masses of some of the elements -- Periodic table of the elements.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2744-0
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  • 19
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    Information Systems : COINS IV (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Objective of Database Management -- Relational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    Abstract: Ten years ago the first International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (COINS-63) was held at Northwestern University. Since that time, computer and information sciences have witnessed a great intensification of research and education. The activities in this field have been significantly broadened and enriched. During this ten-year period, we have organized four COINS symposia to provide a forum for promoting com­ munication among scientists, engineers, and educators in the computer and information science field and to act as a catalyzer for stimulating creative thinking within the community of information processing. The COINS-72 symposium, which took place in Miami Beach on December 14--16,1972, under the cosponsorship of the U.S. Army Research Office, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the University of Florida, is the fourth International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences. The theme of this COINS symposium is information systems. This theme has been selected for the following reasons: Information systems have offered widespread applications in education, government, industry, and science. The bulk of research in computer and information science is now geared to the development of improved information systems. A major portion of software engineering is concerned with computer software and sophisticated information system design. It seems logical that a symposium on information systems should follow the preceding software engineering conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Objective of Database ManagementRelational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2694-6
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  • 20
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    Learning Systems and Intelligent Robots (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468421064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning -- Fundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    Abstract: This book contains the Proceedings of the S~cond U. S. -Japan Seminar on Learning Control and Intelligent Control. The seminar, held at Gainesville, Florida, from October 22 to 26, 1973, was sponsored by the U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program, jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The full texts of the twenty-one presented papers are included. The papers cover a variety of topics related to learning control and intelligent control, ranging from pattern recognition to system identification, from learning control to intelligent robots. During the past decade, there has been a considerable increase of interest in problems of machine learning, systems which exhibit learning behavior. In designing a system, if the a priori infor­ mation required is unknown or incompletely known, one approach is to design a system which is capable of learning the unknown infor­ mation during its operation. The learned information will then be used to improve the system's performance. This approach has been used in the design of pattern recognition systems, automatic control systems and system identification algorithms. If we naturally extend our goal to the design of systems which will behave more and more intelligently, learning systems research is only a preliminary step towards a general concept of integrated intelligent systems. One example of this class of systems is the intelligent robot, which integrates pattern recognition. learning and problem-solving into one intelligent system.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate ReasoningFundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2106-4
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  • 21
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    Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks (1974)
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461298281
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Definition and Types of Metamorphism2. From Diagenesis to Metamorphism -- 3. Factors of Metamorphism -- General Considerations -- The Composition of the Fluid Phase -- Directed Pressure -- 4. Mineral Parageneses: The Building Blocks of Metamorphic Rocks -- 5. Graphical Representation of Metamorphic Mineral Parageneses -- Composition Plotting -- ACF Diagram -- A’FK Diagram -- How Are ACF and A’FK Diagrams Used? -- AFM Diagrams -- 6. Classification Principles: Metamorphic Facies versus Metamorphic Grade -- 7. The Four Divisions of Metamorphic Grade -- General Considerations -- The Terms Isograd and Isoreaction-Grad -- The Division of Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism -- The Division of Low-Grade Metamorphism -- The Change from Low-Grade to Medium-Grade Metamorphism -- The Change from Medium-Grade to High-Grade Metamorphism -- Granulite-High Grade; Regional Hypersthene Zone -- Pressure Divisions of the Metamorphic Grades -- Problems with the Al2SiO5 Species -- 8. General Characteristics of Metamorphic Terrains -- Metamorphic Zones in Contact Aureoles -- Metamorphic Zones in Regional Metamorphism -- Paired Metamorphic Belts -- 9. Metamorphic Reactions in Carbonate Rocks -- General Considerations -- Metamorphism of Siliceous Dolomitic Limestones -- Formation of Wollastonite -- Metamorphism of Carbonates at Very High Temperature and Very Low Pressure -- 10. Metamorphism of Marls -- 11. Metamorphism of Ultramafic Rocks: Systems MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O and MgO-CaO-SiO2-H2O -- 12. Metamorphism of Mafic Rocks -- Transformations Except Those of Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism at Low Pressures -- Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism at Low Pressures -- Evaluation of Metamorphic Changes at Very-Low Grade -- The Role of CO2 in Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism -- 13. Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism of Graywackes -- 14. Metamorphism of Pelites -- General Statement -- Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks at Very-Low and Low-Grade -- Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks at Medium- and High-Grade -- 15. A Key to Determine Metamorphic Grades and Major Isoreaction-Grads or Isograds in Common Rocks -- Very-Low-Grade Metamorphism -- Low-Grade -- Medium- and High-Grade -- Geothermometers and Geobarometers -- Sequences of Isoreaction-Grads or Isograds -- 16. Regional Hypersthene Zone (Granolite High Grade) -- Nomenclature and Mineralogical Features of “Granulites” -- Metamorphism of Granolites and Related Granoblastites -- Petrogenetic Considerations -- 17. Eclogites -- 18. Anatexis, Formation of Migmatites, and Origin of Granitic Magmas -- Anatexis: General Considerations -- Experimental Anatexis of Rocks Composed of Alkali Feldspar, Plagioclase, and Quartz -- Experimental Anatexis of Rocks Composed of Plagioclase and Quartz but Lacking Alkali Feldspar -- Formation of Migmatites -- Formation of Granitic Magmas by Anatexis -- Appendix: Nomenclature of Common Metamorphic Rocks -- Names of Important Rock Groups -- Prefixes -- Classification.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-9828-1
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  • 22
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    ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468490046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Elf and VLF Signal Properties: Physical Characteristics -- Electric and Magnetic Field Strengths in the open and in Shielded Rooms in the ULF- to LF-Zone -- Behavioural Changes in Human Subjects Associated With ELF Electric Fields -- ELF-Effects on Human Circadian Rhythms -- Operant Methods Assessing the Effects of ELF Electromagnetic Fields -- Behavioural, Physiological, and Histological Changes in Rats Exposed During Various Developmental Stages To ELF Magnetic Fields -- Oxygen and Biochemical Changes Following ELF Exposure -- Precambrian ELF and Abiogenesis -- ELF Electric and Magnetic Field Effects: The Patterns and the Problems -- Contributors.
    Abstract: Recent emphasis upon the importance of the physical environment has made science and the public even more cog­ nizant of the many components of the biosphere. While much attention has been given to ionizing electromagnetic stimuli which causes blatant and unalterable changes in biological systems, relatively little research has been concerned with those electromagnetic signals whose frequencies overlap with time-varying processes in living organisms. Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields can occur as waves between about I Hz to 100 Hz or as short pulses within this range of very low frequency (VLF) and higher frequency sources. The natural occurrence of ELF signals is associated with weather changes, solar disturbances and geophysical­ ionospheric perturbations. Man-made sources have also been reported. Certain physical properties of ELF signals make them excellent candidates for biologically important stimuli. Unlike many other weather components, ELF signals have the capacity to penetrate structures which house living organ­ isms. ELF wave configurations allow long distance propaga­ tional capacities without appreciable attenuation of inten­ sity, thus making them antecedent stimuli to approaching weather changes. Most importantly, ELF signals exhibit the frequencies and wave forms of bio-electrical events that occur within the brain and body. Thus resonance inter­ actions between animal and nature become attractive possi­ bilities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9004-6
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  • 23
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    Buffers for pH and Metal Ion Control (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400958746
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The concept of buffer action -- 1.2 Why are buffers needed? -- 1.3 Some naturally occurring buffers -- 2. The Theory of Buffer Action -- 2.1 Equilibrium aspects -- 2.2 Activity effects -- 2.3 Effect of dilution -- 2.4 Salt effects -- 2.5 Ampholytes and zwitterions -- 2.6 Buffer capacity -- 2.7 Pseudo buffers -- 2.8 Self buffers -- 2.9 Mixtures of buffers -- 2.10 Temperature dependence -- 2.11 Effect of pressure on buffers -- 2.12 Further reading -- 3. Applications of pH Buffers -- 3.1 Factors governing the choice of a buffer -- 3.2 Measurement of pH -- 3.3 Biochemistry and biology -- 3.4 Spectroscopy -- 3.5 Buffers for special applications -- 4. Practical Limitations in the Use of Buffers -- 4.1 Chemical problems -- 4.2 Biological effects -- 4.3 Influence on chemical reactions -- 5. New pH-Buffer Tables and Systems -- 5.1 On calculating buffer composition tables -- 5.2 On designing a new pH-buffer system -- 6. Buffers for use in Partially Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solvents and Heavy Water -- 6.1 pH* Scales -- 6.2 pH* Buffers -- 6.3 The measurement of pH* -- 6.4 A universal pH scale -- 6.5 The pD scale and the measurement of pD -- 6.6 The use of pH* and pD buffers -- 6.7 Surfactants -- 7. Metal-ion Buffers -- 7.1 The concept of pM -- 7.2 Uses of metal-ion buffers -- 7.3 Calculation of pM -- 7.4 pH-Independent metal-ion buffers -- 7.5 Effects of pH buffer substances on pM -- 7.6 Anion buffers -- 7.7 Redox buffering -- 8. Purification of Substances Used in Buffers -- 9. Preparation of Buffer Solutions -- 10. Appendices -- Appendix I. Tables for constructing buffer tables -- Appendix II. Composition-pH tables of some commonly used buffers -- Appendix III. Thermodynamic acid dissociation constants of prospective buffer substances -- Appendix IV. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation -- References.
    Abstract: This book is intended as a practical manual for chemists, biologists and others whose work requires the use of pH or metal-ion buffers. Much information on buffers is scattered throughout the literature and it has been our endeavour to select data and instructions likely to be helpful in the choice of suitable buffer substances and for the preparation of appropriate solutions. For details of pH measurement and the preparation of standard acid and alkali solutions the reader is referred to a companion volume, A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant's The Determination of Ionization Constants (1971). Although the aims of the book are essentially practical, it also deals in some detail with those theoretical aspects considered most helpful to an understanding of buffer applications. We have cast our net widely to include pH buffers for particular purposes and for measurements in non-aqueous and mixed solvent systems. In recent years there has been a significant expansion in the range of available buffers, particularly for biological studies, largely in conse­ quence of the development of many zwiUerionic buffers by Good et al. (1966). These are described in Chapter 3.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 The concept of buffer action -- 1.2 Why are buffers needed? -- 1.3 Some naturally occurring buffers -- 2. The Theory of Buffer Action -- 2.1 Equilibrium aspects -- 2.2 Activity effects -- 2.3 Effect of dilution -- 2.4 Salt effects -- 2.5 Ampholytes and zwitterions -- 2.6 Buffer capacity -- 2.7 Pseudo buffers -- 2.8 Self buffers -- 2.9 Mixtures of buffers -- 2.10 Temperature dependence -- 2.11 Effect of pressure on buffers -- 2.12 Further reading -- 3. Applications of pH Buffers -- 3.1 Factors governing the choice of a buffer -- 3.2 Measurement of pH -- 3.3 Biochemistry and biology -- 3.4 Spectroscopy -- 3.5 Buffers for special applications -- 4. Practical Limitations in the Use of Buffers -- 4.1 Chemical problems -- 4.2 Biological effects -- 4.3 Influence on chemical reactions -- 5. New pH-Buffer Tables and Systems -- 5.1 On calculating buffer composition tables -- 5.2 On designing a new pH-buffer system -- 6. Buffers for use in Partially Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solvents and Heavy Water -- 6.1 pH* Scales -- 6.2 pH* Buffers -- 6.3 The measurement of pH* -- 6.4 A universal pH scale -- 6.5 The pD scale and the measurement of pD -- 6.6 The use of pH* and pD buffers -- 6.7 Surfactants -- 7. Metal-ion Buffers -- 7.1 The concept of pM -- 7.2 Uses of metal-ion buffers -- 7.3 Calculation of pM -- 7.4 pH-Independent metal-ion buffers -- 7.5 Effects of pH buffer substances on pM -- 7.6 Anion buffers -- 7.7 Redox buffering -- 8. Purification of Substances Used in Buffers -- 9. Preparation of Buffer Solutions -- 10. Appendices -- Appendix I. Tables for constructing buffer tables -- Appendix II. Composition-pH tables of some commonly used buffers -- Appendix III. Thermodynamic acid dissociation constants of prospective buffer substances -- Appendix IV. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5874-6
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  • 24
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    Advanced Combinatorics : The Art of Finite and Infinite Expansions (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401021968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Discrete mathematics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Vocabulary of Combinatorial Analysis -- 1.1. Subsets of a Set; Operations -- 1.2. Product Sets -- 1.3. Maps -- 1.4. Arrangements, Permutations -- 1.5. Combinations (without repetitions) or Blocks -- 1.6. Binomial Identity -- 1.7. Combinations with Repetitions -- 1.8. Subsets of [n], Random Walk -- 1.9. Subsets of Z/nZ -- 1.10. Divisions and Partitions of a Set; Multinomial Identity -- 1.11. Bound Variables -- 1.12. Formal Series -- 1.13. Generating Functions -- 1.14. List of the Principal Generating Functions -- 1.15. Bracketing Problems -- 1.16. Relations -- 1.17. Graphs -- 1.18. Digraphs; Functions from a Finite Set into Itself -- Supplement and Exercises -- II. Partitions of Integers -- 2.1. Definitions of Partitions of an Integer [n] -- 2.2. Generating Functions of p(n) and P(n, m) -- 2.3. Conditional Partitions -- 2.4. Ferrers Diagrams -- 2.5. Special Identities; ‘Formal’ and ‘Combinatorial’ Proofs -- 2.6. Partitions with Forbidden Summands; Denumerants -- Supplement and Exercises -- III. Identities and Expansions -- 3.1. Expansion of a Product of Sums; Abel Identity -- 3.2. Product of Formal Series; Leibniz Formula -- 3.3. Bell Polynomials -- 3.4. Substitution of One Formal Series into Another; Formula of Faà di Bruno -- 3.5. Logarithmic and Potential Polynomials -- 3.6. Inversion Formulas and Matrix Calculus -- 3.7. Fractionary Iterates of Formal Series -- 3.8. Inversion Formula of Lagrange -- 3.9. Finite Summation Formulas -- Supplement and Exercises -- IV. Sieve Formulas -- 4.1. Number of Elements of a Union or Intersection -- 4.2. The ‘problème des rencontres’ -- 4.3. The ‘problème des ménages’ -- 4.4. Boolean Algebra Generated by a System of Subsets -- 4.5. The Method of Rényi for Linear Inequalities -- 4.6. Poincaré Formula -- 4.7. Bonferroni Inequalities -- 4.8. Formulas of Ch. Jordan -- 4.9. Permanents -- Supplement and Exercises -- V. Stirling Numbers -- 5.1. Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind S(n, k) and Partitions of Sets -- 5.2. Generating Functions for S(n, k) -- 5.3. Recurrence Relations between the S(n, k) -- 5.4. The Number ?(n) of Partitions or Equivalence Relations of a Set with n Elements -- 5.5. Stirling Numbers of the First Kind s(n, k) and their Generating Functions -- 5.6. Recurrence Relations between the s(n, k) -- 5.7. The Values of s(n, k) -- 5.8. Congruence Problems -- Supplement and Exercises -- VI. Permutations -- 6.1. The Symmetric Group -- 6.2. Counting Problems Related to Decomposition in Cycles; Return to Stirling Numbers of the First Kind -- 6.3. Multipermutations -- 6.4. Inversions of a Permutation of [n] -- 6.5. Permutations by Number of Rises; Eulerian Numbers -- 6.6. Groups of Permutations; Cycle Indicator Polynomial; Burnside Theorem -- 6.7. Theorem of Pólya -- Supplement and Exercises -- VII. Examples of Inequalities and Estimates -- 7.1. Convexity and Unimodality of Combinatorial Sequences -- 7.2. Sperner Systems -- 7.3. Asymptotic Study of the Number of Regular Graphs of Order Two on N -- 7.4. Random Permutations -- 7.5. Theorem of Ramsey -- 7.6. Binary (Bicolour) Ramsey Numbers -- 7.7. Squares in Relations -- Supplement and Exercises -- Fundamental Numerical Tables -- Factorials with Their Prime Factor Decomposition -- Binomial Coefficients -- Partitions of Integers -- Bell Polynomials -- Logarithmic Polynomials -- Partially Ordinary Bell polynomials -- Multinomial Coefficients -- Stirling Numbers of the First Kind -- Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind and Exponential Numbers.
    Abstract: Notwithstanding its title, the reader will not find in this book a systematic account of this huge subject. Certain classical aspects have been passed by, and the true title ought to be "Various questions of elementary combina­ torial analysis". For instance, we only touch upon the subject of graphs and configurations, but there exists a very extensive and good literature on this subject. For this we refer the reader to the bibliography at the end of the volume. The true beginnings of combinatorial analysis (also called combina­ tory analysis) coincide with the beginnings of probability theory in the 17th century. For about two centuries it vanished as an autonomous sub­ ject. But the advance of statistics, with an ever-increasing demand for configurations as well as the advent and development of computers, have, beyond doubt, contributed to reinstating this subject after such a long period of negligence. For a long time the aim of combinatorial analysis was to count the different ways of arranging objects under given circumstances. Hence, many of the traditional problems of analysis or geometry which are con­ cerned at a certain moment with finite structures, have a combinatorial character. Today, combinatorial analysis is also relevant to problems of existence, estimation and structuration, like all other parts of mathema­ tics, but exclusively forjinite sets.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Vocabulary of Combinatorial Analysis1.1. Subsets of a Set; Operations -- 1.2. Product Sets -- 1.3. Maps -- 1.4. Arrangements, Permutations -- 1.5. Combinations (without repetitions) or Blocks -- 1.6. Binomial Identity -- 1.7. Combinations with Repetitions -- 1.8. Subsets of [n], Random Walk -- 1.9. Subsets of Z/nZ -- 1.10. Divisions and Partitions of a Set; Multinomial Identity -- 1.11. Bound Variables -- 1.12. Formal Series -- 1.13. Generating Functions -- 1.14. List of the Principal Generating Functions -- 1.15. Bracketing Problems -- 1.16. Relations -- 1.17. Graphs -- 1.18. Digraphs; Functions from a Finite Set into Itself -- Supplement and Exercises -- II. Partitions of Integers -- 2.1. Definitions of Partitions of an Integer [n] -- 2.2. Generating Functions of p(n) and P(n, m) -- 2.3. Conditional Partitions -- 2.4. Ferrers Diagrams -- 2.5. Special Identities; ‘Formal’ and ‘Combinatorial’ Proofs -- 2.6. Partitions with Forbidden Summands; Denumerants -- Supplement and Exercises -- III. Identities and Expansions -- 3.1. Expansion of a Product of Sums; Abel Identity -- 3.2. Product of Formal Series; Leibniz Formula -- 3.3. Bell Polynomials -- 3.4. Substitution of One Formal Series into Another; Formula of Faà di Bruno -- 3.5. Logarithmic and Potential Polynomials -- 3.6. Inversion Formulas and Matrix Calculus -- 3.7. Fractionary Iterates of Formal Series -- 3.8. Inversion Formula of Lagrange -- 3.9. Finite Summation Formulas -- Supplement and Exercises -- IV. Sieve Formulas -- 4.1. Number of Elements of a Union or Intersection -- 4.2. The ‘problème des rencontres’ -- 4.3. The ‘problème des ménages’ -- 4.4. Boolean Algebra Generated by a System of Subsets -- 4.5. The Method of Rényi for Linear Inequalities -- 4.6. Poincaré Formula -- 4.7. Bonferroni Inequalities -- 4.8. Formulas of Ch. Jordan -- 4.9. Permanents -- Supplement and Exercises -- V. Stirling Numbers -- 5.1. Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind S(n, k) and Partitions of Sets -- 5.2. Generating Functions for S(n, k) -- 5.3. Recurrence Relations between the S(n, k) -- 5.4. The Number ?(n) of Partitions or Equivalence Relations of a Set with n Elements -- 5.5. Stirling Numbers of the First Kind s(n, k) and their Generating Functions -- 5.6. Recurrence Relations between the s(n, k) -- 5.7. The Values of s(n, k) -- 5.8. Congruence Problems -- Supplement and Exercises -- VI. Permutations -- 6.1. The Symmetric Group -- 6.2. Counting Problems Related to Decomposition in Cycles; Return to Stirling Numbers of the First Kind -- 6.3. Multipermutations -- 6.4. Inversions of a Permutation of [n] -- 6.5. Permutations by Number of Rises; Eulerian Numbers -- 6.6. Groups of Permutations; Cycle Indicator Polynomial; Burnside Theorem -- 6.7. Theorem of Pólya -- Supplement and Exercises -- VII. Examples of Inequalities and Estimates -- 7.1. Convexity and Unimodality of Combinatorial Sequences -- 7.2. Sperner Systems -- 7.3. Asymptotic Study of the Number of Regular Graphs of Order Two on N -- 7.4. Random Permutations -- 7.5. Theorem of Ramsey -- 7.6. Binary (Bicolour) Ramsey Numbers -- 7.7. Squares in Relations -- Supplement and Exercises -- Fundamental Numerical Tables -- Factorials with Their Prime Factor Decomposition -- Binomial Coefficients -- Partitions of Integers -- Bell Polynomials -- Logarithmic Polynomials -- Partially Ordinary Bell polynomials -- Multinomial Coefficients -- Stirling Numbers of the First Kind -- Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind and Exponential Numbers.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2196-8
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  • 25
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    The Laboratory Recorder (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461345237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Laboratory Instrumentation and Techniques 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Deflection Recorders -- Linearizing Mechanisms -- The Prevention of Loading Effects -- 3 Servo Recorders -- Attentuators -- Reference Voltage Sources -- Slidewires -- Amplifiers -- Motors -- Multichannel Recorders -- Dynamic Properties -- Special Modifications -- 4 X-Y Recorders -- Drive Mechanisms -- Input Circuitry -- 5 Oscillographs -- Light-Beam Oscillographs -- X-Y Oscillographs -- Moving Pen or Stylus Oscillographs -- Fixed-Stylus Recording -- 6 Paper Feed and Writing Mechanisms -- Paper Forms -- Strip-Chart Drive Mechanisms -- Separate Sheet Recording Paper -- Printing Mechanisms -- 7 Shielding and Grounding -- Internal Noise -- External Noise -- Grounding and Guarding -- Amplifiers -- 8 Recorder Specifications -- 9 Troubleshooting -- Maintenance -- Performance Checks -- Difficulties and Their Causes -- 10 Recorder Accessories -- Integrators -- Differentiators -- Retransmitting Potientiometers and Encoders -- Event Markers -- Sampling Recorders -- Scale Expanders -- Multiplexers -- Calibrators -- Chart Viewers -- Appendix: Sources of Laboratory Recorders.
    Abstract: One of the most universal functions of any scientific or engineer­ ing laboratory is the gathering of data to provide answers to immediate questions or information to be filed for future refer­ ence. Such data gathering may be achieved in various ways, depending on the nature and quantity of the information. The most prevalent of such data gathering methods is undoubtedly analog recording. Electrical analog recorders are available in a variety of sizes, speeds, sensitivities, and prices. They are suitable for recording any signal which is in, or can be converted to, electrical form. These recorders are found in every modern laboratory. Without them the importance of many functional relations would be missed altogether. How could one adequately diagnose a heart ailment without a cardiographic recorder, or obtain infrared or magnetic resonance spectra on any practicable basis without a strip-chart recorder? True, various curves that are now traced automatically with a recorder can be plotted manually from point-by-point measure­ ments. This procedure, however, is not only time-consuming, but may cause valid bits of information to be overlooked entirely, simply because the points were taken too far apart. Another factor favoring the use of recorders is the ability to pinpoint faulty operation of the data-gathering system. Artifacts that might not be observable at all in point-by-point observations 1 The Laboratory Recorder 2 will often be readily identifiable on a recording. Asymmetry of a peaked curve, for example, is only dearly evident in a recording.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4523-7
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of Slender Reinforced Concrete Frames (1974)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034859769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik ETH Zürich 50
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-5976-9
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps : Volume II The Production, Manufacture and Application of Perfumes (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956940
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: 8
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Historical Sketch -- 2 The Production of Natural Perfumes -- 3 The Purchase and Use of Flower Absolutes -- 4 Odour Classification and Fixation -- 5 Monographs on Flower Perfumes -- 6 Miscellaneous Fancy Perfumes -- 7 Toilet Waters -- 8 Soap Perfumery -- 9 Tobacco Flavours -- 10 Floral Cachous -- 11 Incense and Fumigants -- 12 Sachets and Solid Perfumes -- 13 Fruit Flavours.
    Abstract: During the past decade there have been many changes in the perfumery industry which are not so much due to the discovery and application of new raw materials, but rather to the astronomic increase in the cost of labour required to produce them. This is reflected more particularly in the flower industry, where the cost of collecting the blossoms delivered to the factories has gone up year after year, so much so that most flowers with the possible exception of Mimosa, have reached a cost price which has compelled the perfumer to either reduce his purchases of absolutes and concretes, or alternatively to substitute them from a cheaper source, or even to discontinue their use. This development raises an important and almost insoluble problem for the perfumer, who is faced with the necessity of trying to keep unchanged the bouquet of his fragrances, and moreover, to ensure no loss of strength and diffusiveness. Of course, this problem applies more especially to the adjustment of formulae for established perfumes, because in every new creation the present high cost of raw materials receives imperative con­ sideration before the formula is approved.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical Sketch2 The Production of Natural Perfumes -- 3 The Purchase and Use of Flower Absolutes -- 4 Odour Classification and Fixation -- 5 Monographs on Flower Perfumes -- 6 Miscellaneous Fancy Perfumes -- 7 Toilet Waters -- 8 Soap Perfumery -- 9 Tobacco Flavours -- 10 Floral Cachous -- 11 Incense and Fumigants -- 12 Sachets and Solid Perfumes -- 13 Fruit Flavours.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5694-0
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 5 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461582465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This volume, the fifth of a continuing series on information systems science, covers four timely topics which are in the mainstream of this field. In each chapter, an attempt is made to familiarize the reader with basic background information on the advances discussed, so that this volume may be used independently or in conjunction with the previous volumes. The emphasis in this volume is focused upon data organization and access methods, software for on-line minicomputer applications, advances in micropro­ graming, and gramm ars and recognizers for formal and natural languages. In Chapter 1, P. C. Patton presents a tutorial survey of data organiza­ tion and access methods which play a central role in information system design. Research in information processing has been shifted from numerical data processing to nonnumerical information handling. In the latter case, the information is carried not only by the data but also by the structure and organization of the data base. In this chapter, the author provides the reader with a comprehensive review of various data structures, including linear lists, array structures, tree structures, and multilinked structures. He also discusses the important problem of data-base design and management. This chapter concludes with several examples of information handling systems such as a matrix interpretive system, a generalized information management system, and a criminal justice information system. The rapid reduction in cost and great increase in capability of the mini­ computer have made it an attractive machine for information systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8246-5
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    The Physics of Tire Traction : Theory and Experiment (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475713701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 428 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Tire Traction a Many Faceted Problem -- Introductory Remarks -- Tire Wet Traction: Operational Severity and Its Influence on Performance -- Tire Hydroplaning: Testing, Analysis, and Design -- Tire Traction on Dry, Uncontaminated Surfaces -- Tire Traction on Snow-Covered Pavements -- Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction -- Introductory Remarks -- The Speed and Temperature Dependence of Rubber Friction and Its Bearing on the Skid Resistance of Tires -- Elementary Effects in the Contact Area of Sliding Rubber -- Lubrication Studies of Smooth Rubber Contacts -- An Analysis of Some Factors that Influence Wet Skid Resistance -- Panel Discussion “Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Tire -- Introductory Remarks -- Tread Compound Effects in Tire Traction -- The Role of the Tread Pattern — A Blend of the Simple and Complex -- Some Recent Investigations into Dynamics and Frictional Behavior of Pneumatic Tires -- A Tyre Engineer Looks Critically at Current Traction Physics -- Panel Discussion “Tire Traction — The Role of the Tire” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Pavement -- Introductory Remarks -- The Relation Between the Stress Saturation of Sliding Rubber and the Load Dependence of Road Tyre Friction -- Pavement Surface Texture Classification and Skid Resistance Photo-Interpretation -- An Approach Towards the Understanding and Design of the Pavement’s Textural Characteristics Required for Optimum Performance of the Tyre -- Panel Discussion Tire Traction — The Role of the Pavement -- An Analysis of the Literature on Tire-Road Skid Resistance -- The Physics of Tire Traction: A Review of Current Theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1370-1
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  • 30
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    Introduction to Optimization Methods (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 204 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The optimization problem -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Problem definition -- 1.3 Optimization in one dimension -- 1.4 Optimization in n dimensions -- 2 Single variable optimization -- 2.1 Review of methods -- 2.2 The Fibonacci search -- 2.3 The Golden Section search -- 2.4 The Algorithm of Davies, Swann, and Campey -- 3 Multi-variable optimization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Search methods -- 3.3 Gradient methods -- 4 Advanced methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General considerations -- 4.3 Advanced search methods -- 4.4 Advanced gradient methods -- 4.5 Minimax methods -- 5 Constrained optimization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Kuhn-Tucker conditions -- 5.3 Constrained optimization techniques -- 5.4 Direct search methods with constraints -- 5.5 Small step gradient methods -- 5.6 Sequential unconstrained methods -- 5.7 Large step gradient methods -- 5.8 Lagrangian methods -- 5.9 General considerations -- 5.10 Conclusion -- References -- Further reading.
    Abstract: During the last decade the techniques of non-linear optim­ ization have emerged as an important subject for study and research. The increasingly widespread application of optim­ ization has been stimulated by the availability of digital computers, and the necessity of using them in the investigation of large systems. This book is an introduction to non-linear methods of optimization and is suitable for undergraduate and post­ graduate courses in mathematics, the physical and social sciences, and engineering. The first half of the book covers the basic optimization techniques including linear search methods, steepest descent, least squares, and the Newton-Raphson method. These are described in detail, with worked numerical examples, since they form the basis from which advanced methods are derived. Since 1965 advanced methods of unconstrained and constrained optimization have been developed to utilise the computational power of the digital computer. The second half of the book describes fully important algorithms in current use such as variable metric methods for unconstrained problems and penalty function methods for constrained problems. Recent work, much of which has not yet been widely applied, is reviewed and compared with currently popular techniques under a few generic main headings. vi PREFACE Chapter I describes the optimization problem in mathemat­ ical form and defines the terminology used in the remainder of the book. Chapter 2 is concerned with single variable optimization. The main algorithms of both search and approximation methods are developed in detail since they are an essential part of many multi-variable methods.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5705-3
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  • 31
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    Principles of Heavy Current Engineering (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401168991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 115 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Review of the Principles of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 2 Electrical Machines -- 3 Power Networks -- 4 Ionized Gases -- Appendix Three-phase Circuits and Systems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6899-1
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    The Spectroscopy of Flames (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5720-6
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  • 33
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    British Stratigraphy (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401168342
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Revised Metric Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Introducing Geology 2
    Series Statement: Introducing Geology Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Geological History -- 2 The Pre-Cambrian Era -- 3 The Lower Palaeozoic Geosyncline -- 4 The Caledonian Mountain-building -- 5 Devonian Environments -- 6 The Lower Carboniferous Marine Transgression -- 7 The Upper Carboniferous Deltas and Coal Swamps -- 8 The Armorican Mountain-building -- 9 The Permo-Triassic Desert Environment -- 10 The Fluctuating Shelf-seas of the Jurassic -- 11 The Cretaceous Marine Transgression -- 12 Tertiary Cycles of Sedimentation and Igneous Activity -- 13 The Alpine Mountain-Building and the Later Tertiary -- 14 The Quaternary Glaciations.
    Abstract: This book is primarily intended to assist candidates studying geology for the Ordinary Level of G.c.E., and examinations of comparable standard, but it should also be found useful by the" reader requiring a rapid conspectus of the geological history of Britain, and as forming a basis for more advanced work. The scope of the subject matter necessitated a narrow and slippery path be­ tween over-simplification and excessive detail, but the balance adopted is based upon the experience of many years of teaching at all levels, and of examining for the London G.C.E. Board. The maps, combining outcrop dis­ tribution with palaeogeography, presented some difficulty, especially for periods of continuously changing geography, such as the Cretaceous. It was necessary in these cases to make an arbitrary choice of one small part of the period, the geography of which could be illustrated. Candidates are advised not to spend time learning every detail of the outcrop patterns, but to con­ centrate upon the main areas of outcrop. I am indebted to Mrs. Jean Fyffe for the cartographic work.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6834-2
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  • 34
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    Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Masters Theses Listed by Study Discipline -- 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by TPRC at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemina­ tion phases of the activity was transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we have concluded that it will be in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by a well-known publishing house to assure improved service and better communication. Hence, effective with this Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences will be disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. As we embark on this new partnership with Plenum, we also initiate a new venture in that this important annual reference work now covers Canadian universities as well as those in the United States. We are sure that this broader base will greatly enhance the value of these volumes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2604-5
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  • 35
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    Pericyclic Reactions (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Chapman and Hall Chemistry Textbook Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Atomic and molecular orbitals -- 2 Aromaticity -- 3 The stereochemical requirements of concerted pericyclic reactions -- 4 The concept of the conservation of orbital symmetry -- 5 Alternative rationalizations-the aromaticity of pericyclic transition states -- 6 The organic chemistry of pericyclic reactions -- Appendix I Determinants -- Appendix II The solution of secular equations -- Appendix III HMO treatment of the cyclopropenyl system -- Appendix IV Answers to problems -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5718-3
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  • 36
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    Ultrasonic Communication by Animals (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169011
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 281 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. What is ultrasound? -- The discovery of animal ultrasound -- The properties of ultrasound -- 2. Methods of detection and analysis -- Ultrasonic microphones -- Cathode-ray oscilloscopes -- Tape-recording and analysis -- Bat detectors -- 3. Bats -- The biology of bats -- The echo-location signals of bats -- Short-pulse echo-location in Megachiroptera -- Frequency sweep pulses in Microchiroptera -- Constant frequencies in Microchiroptera -- Mixed signals in Microchiroptera -- Sound production and emission in Microchiroptera -- Frequency-sweep bats -- Constant frequency bats -- Nose-leaves -- Hearing in the Microchiroptera -- Other senses and social use of ultrasound in Microchiroptera -- 4. Countermeasures by insects -- Noctuidae -- The evasive behaviour of noctuid moths -- Acoustic sensitivity of the tympanic organ -- Directionality -- Central co-ordination -- Arctiidae, Notodontidae and Ctenuchidae -- Pyralididae -- Sphingidae -- Geometridae -- Neuroptera -- Evolution -- 5. The songs of bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) -- The physics of strigilation in general -- The mechanism of sound production in tettigoniids -- The ultrasonic songs of tettigoniids -- The acoustic behaviour of tettigoniids -- The ability of tettigoniids to hear ultrasonic sounds -- Some further considerations -- 6. Other insects -- Gryllidae, crickets -- Gryllotalpidae, mole crickets -- Acrididae, grasshoppers and locusts -- Insects of other groups -- 7. Ultrasound in rodents -- The ultrasonic calls of infant rodents -- The physical characteristics of the calls -- The motivation for the emission of ultrasonic calls by infant rodents -- The role of infant distress calls in adult-young relationships -- Ultrasound and aggressive behaviour -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Ultrasound and mating behaviour -- Mice -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Other situations involving ultrasound emission in rodents -- The mechanism of ultrasound production in rodents -- The ability of rodents to hear high frequency sounds -- 8. Other vertebrate groups -- Birds -- Cetacea -- The sounds of odontocetes -- The site of sound production -- The ear of odontocetes -- Hearing in odontocetes -- Evidence for echo-location in odontocetes -- Other marine mammals -- Insectivora -- 9. Review and speculations -- Appendix Some formulae summarizing the rules of echo-location -- References -- Indexes.
    Abstract: In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of communication between animals and this is perhaps especially true of bio-acoustics. In the last 35 years a completely new branch of bio­ acoustics, involving ultrasounds, has been made possible by technical developments that now allow these inaudible sounds to be detected and studied. This subject has a personal fascination for the authors, perhaps because of the novelty of 'listening in' to these previously unknown sig­ nals, perhaps because of the wide variety of ways in which different animals use them. Many studies of different aspects of animal ultrasound have now been published and a review of them all seems to be timely. Ultrasound is is biologically arbitrary; other animals defined in human terms and may produce similar signals at lower frequencies for similar purposes. This book attempts to be comprehensive but the limits of the subject are rather difficult to define. It should be read in conjunction with other books on audible bio-acoustics. Each chapter has been written and may be read as a separate entity, although there is considerable cross-referencing. Chapters 1 and 2 form a common introduction and may help in understanding the later sections. The Appendix is not essential but is included for those who may be interested in the quanti­ tative aspects of the echo-location phenomena described in Chapters 3 and 8.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6901-1
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  • 37
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    Cosmochemical Evolution and the Origins of Life : Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Origin of Life and the First Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life, Barcelona, June 25-28, 1973, Volume I: Invited Papers and Volume II: Contributed Papers (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401511186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 858 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I/Cosmochemistry -- Fitness in the Universe: Choices and Necessities -- Galactic Clouds of Organic Molecules -- The Outer Solar System: Perspectives for Exobiology -- Catalytic Reactions in the Solar Nebula: Implications for Interstellar Molecules and Organic Compounds in Meteorites -- II/Paleobiology -- Natural Evidence for Chemical and Early Biological Evolution -- Aspects of the Geologic History of Seawater -- Homeostatic Tendencies of the Earth’s Atmosphere -- Microfossils from the Middle Precambrian McArthur Group, Northern Territory, Australia -- The Development and Diversification of Precambrian Life -- III/Primordial Organic Chemistry -- The Atmosphere of the Primitive Earth and the Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Biomolecules from HCN -- The Prebiotic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides -- The Possible Role of Clays in Prebiotic Peptide Synthesis -- Interactions Between Amino Acids and Nucleotides in the Prebiotic Milieu -- Coacervate Systems and Origin of Life -- Transfer RNA and the Translation Apparatus in the Origin of Life -- IV/Precellular Organization -- A Hypothetic Scheme for Evolution of Probionts -- From Proteinoid Microsphere to Contemporary Cell: Formation of Internucleotide and Peptide Bonds by Proteinoid Particles -- Chemical and Catalytical Properties of Thermal Polymers of Amino Acids (Proteinoids) -- Pre-Enzymic Origin of Metabolic Redox Processes and of the Energy Storage Processes -- Experimental Attempts for the Study of the Origin of Optical Activity on Earth -- Life’s Beginnings — Origin or Evolution? -- V/Early Biochemical Evolution -- On the Chemical Constitution of Cometary Nuclei -- Photochemical Conversions of Lower Aldehydes in Aqueous Solutions and in Fog -- Inferences from Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences: Early Molecular Evolution, Divergence of Kingdoms and Rates of Change -- On the Possible Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code -- Genetics and the Origin of the Genetic Code -- Origin of the Genetic Code: A Physical-Chemical Model of Primitive Codon Assignments -- The Iron-Sulphur Proteins: Evolution of a Ubiquitous Protein from Model Systems to Higher Organisms -- A New Hypothesis for the Evolution of Biological Electron Transport -- Pathways of Chemical Evolution of Photosynthesis -- Inorganic Types of Fermentation and Anaerobic Respirations in the Evolution of Energy-Yielding Metabolism -- VI/Exobiology -- Test Results on the Viking Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Experiment -- Automated Life-Detection Experiments for the Viking Mission to Mars -- Organic Contamination Problems in the Viking Molecular Analysis Experiment -- Model Systems for Life Processes on Mars -- An Automatically-Returned Martian Sample by 1985? -- Life on Jupiter? -- The Possibility of Organic Molecule Formation in the Venus Atmosphere -- Planetary Systems and Extraterrestrial Life -- The Origin of Life in a Cosmic Context -- List of Participants -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This publication, in two volumes, includes most of the scientific papers presented at the first meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (lSSOL), held on June 25-28, 1973 in Barcelona, Spain. The first volume contains the invited articles and the second volume the contributed papers, which also appear in the 1974 and 1975 issues, respectively, of the new journal Origins of Life, published by D. Reidel. A relatively large number of meetings on the subject of the origin of life have been held in different places since 1957. In terms of its organization, scope, and number and nationality of participants, the Conference celebrated last year in Barcelona closely followed the three international conferences held earlier in Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1957, Wakulla Springs, U.S.A., 1963, and Pont-a-Mousson, France, 1970. For this reason the first ISSOL meeting was also named the 4th International Conference on the Origin of Life.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1118-6
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    Autrement qu’être ou au-delà de l’essence (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401511117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres d’archives-Husserl 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Table des Matieres -- L’Argument -- Chapitre I. Essence et Désintéressement -- L’Exposition -- Chapitre II. De l’intentionalité au sentir -- Chapitre III. Sensibilité et proximité -- Chapitre IV. La Substitution -- Chapitre V. Subjectivité et Infini -- Autrement Dit -- Chapitre VI. Au dehors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1111-7
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  • 39
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    Stochastic Processes (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401097963
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 93 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Problem Solvers 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 What is a Stochastic Process? -- 2 Results from Probability Theory -- 2.1 Introduction to probability theory -- 2.2 Bivariate distributions -- 2.3 Multivariate distributions -- 2.4 Probability generating functions -- 2.5 Characteristic functions -- 3 The Random Walk -- 3.1 The unrestricted random walk -- 3.2 Types of stochastic process -- 3.3 The gambler’s ruin -- 3.4 Generalisations of the random-walk model -- 4 Markov Chains -- 4.1 Definitions -- 4.2 Equilibrium distributions -- 4.3 Applications -- 4.4 Classification of the states of a Markov chain -- 5 The Poisson Process -- 6 Markov Chalns with Continuous Time Parameters -- 6.1 The theory -- 6.2 Applications -- 7 Non-Markov Processes in Continuous Time with Discrete State Spaces -- 7.1 Renewal theory -- 7.2 Population processes -- 7.3 Queuing theory -- 8 Diffusion Processes -- Recommendations For Further Reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9796-3
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  • 40
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    General Theory of Knowledge (1974)
    Vienna : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783709130995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 410 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: LEP Library of Exact Philosophy 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. The Nature of Knowledge -- 1. The Meaning of the Theory of Knowledge -- 2. Knowing in Everyday Life -- 3. Knowing in Science -- 4. Knowing by Means of Images -- 5. Knowing by Means of Concepts -- 6. The Limits of Definition -- 7. Implicit Definitions -- 8. The Nature of Judgments -- 9. Judging and Knowing -- 10. What is Truth? -- 11. Definitions, Conventions and Empirical Judgments -- 12. What Knowledge is Not -- 13. On the Value of Knowledge -- II. Problems of Thought -- 14. The Interconnectedness of Knowledge -- 15. The Analytic Character of Rigorous Inference -- 16. A Skeptical Consideration of Analysis -- 17. The Unity of Consciousness -- 18. The Relationship of the Psychological to the Logical -- 19. On Self-Evidence -- 20. So-Called Inner Perception -- 21. Verification -- III. Problems of Reality -- A. The Positing of the Real -- 22. Formulating the Question -- 23. Naive and Philosophical Viewpoints on the Question of Reality -- 24. The Temporality of the Real -- 25. Things-In-Themselves and the Notion of Immanence -- 26. Critique of the Notion of Immanence -- a) Unperceived Objects -- b) Objects Perceived by Several Individuals -- B. Knowledge of the Real -- 27. Essence and “Appearance” -- 28. The Subjectivity of Time -- 29. The Subjectivity of Space -- 30. The Subjectivity of the Sense Qualities -- 31. Quantitative and Qualitative Knowledge -- 32. The Physical and the Mental -- 33. More on the Psychophysical Problem -- 34. Objections to Parallelism -- 35. Monism, Dualism, Pluralism -- C. The Validity of Knowledge of Reality -- 36. Thinking and Being -- 37. Knowing and Being -- 38. Is There a Pure Intuition? -- 39. Are There Pure Forms of Thought? -- 40. On Categories -- 41. On Inductive Knowledge -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: to that goal, and it is hoped that it will incorporate further works dealing in an exact way with interesting philosophical issues. Zürich, April 1973 Mario Bunge From the Preface to the First Edition It may seem odd that aseries of works devoted to the natural sciences should indude - indeed begin with - a volume on phi­ losophy. Today, of course, it is generally agreed that philosophy and natural science are perfectly compatible. But to grant the theory of knowledge such a prominent position implies not only that these two fields are compatible, but that there is a natural connection between them. Thus the indusion of this book in the series can be justified only if such an intimate relation of mutual dependence and interpenetration really does exist. Without anticipating what is to come, the author would like first to explain his point of view on the relationship between epistemology and the sciences, and in so doing make dear at the outset the method to be followed in this book. It is my view - which I have already expressed elsewhere and which I never tire of repeating - that philosophy is not aseparate science to be placed alongside of or above the individual disciplines. Rather, the philosophical element is present in all of the scienccs; it is their true soul, and only by virtue of it are they sciences at all.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3099-5
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    Particle Interactions at High Energies : Scottish Universities’ Summer School 1966 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489955296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 406 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Scottish Universities’ Summer School
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5529-6
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  • 42
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    Biology of Brain Dysfunction : Volume 2 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Disorders of Sphingolipid MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Chemistry, Metabolism, and Distribution of Sphingolipids -- III. Individual Sphingolipidoses -- IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for Study of the Cerebral Circulation -- III. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation -- IV. Dysfunction of Regulatory Mechanisms -- V. Intravascular Phenomena -- VI. Secondary Effects of Disturbed Regulation -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Effects of Narcotic Analgesics on Brain function -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Effects of Narcotic Analgesics -- III. Metabolism of Narcotic Analgesics in the Nervous System -- IV. Biochemical Responses to Narcotics -- V. Electroencephalography -- VI. Theories on the Mechanism of Addiction to Narcotics -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 4 Genetic Disorders of Brain Development: Animal Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Chromosomal Organization in Eukaryotes -- III. Development of the CNS -- IV. Genetic Disorders of Brain Development -- V. Prevention of Brain Dysfunction -- References -- 5 Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Background -- III. Identification of Specific Encephalitogenic Components of CNS Tissue -- IV. Pathogenesis of EAE -- V. Possible Relationship of EAE to Human Demyelinative Disorders -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Disorders of Fatty Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Fatty Acids in Normal Brain and Nerve -- III. Phytanic Acid Storage Disease (Refsum’s Disease) -- IV. Disorders with Storage of Ceroid -- V. Other Storage Disorders -- VI. Demyelination of Known Etiology -- VII. Multiple Sclerosis -- VIII. Other Human Disorders -- IX. Animal Disorders -- X. Criteria for Establishing Primary Disorders of Cerebral Fatty Acid Metabolism -- References -- 7 Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- I. Introduction and Historical Perspective -- II. Chemistry and Metabolism of Bilirubin with Special Note of Variations Seen in the Newborn Period -- III. Protein Binding of Bilirubin -- IV. Problems Hampering Research -- V. Pathological Lesion of Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- VI. Extraneural Pathological Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VII. Metabolic Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VIII. Why Is Brain Damage the Main Pathological Phenomenon Induced by Bilirubin? -- References -- 8 The Action of Thyroid Hormones and Their Influence on Brain Development and function -- I. Introduction -- II. General Role of Thyroid Hormones in the Structural and Functional Maturation of the Nervous System -- III. Biochemical and Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Nervous Tissues -- References -- 9 Biology of the Striatum -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of the Striatum in Motility -- III. Role of the Striatum in Mental Function -- IV. Role of the Striatum in Autonomic Functions -- V. Conclusions -- References -- 10 Pathophysiology of Central Nervous System Regulation of Anterior Pituitary function -- I. Introduction -- II. Concept of Endocrine Regulation Via Releasing Hormones of Neural Origin -- III. Factors Involved in the Periodic Release of Pituitary Hormones -- IV. Effect of Neonatal Hormonal Milieu on Neuroendocrine Control Mechanisms -- V. Clinical Correlates -- References -- of Volume 1 -- Articles Planned for Future Volumes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2670-0
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  • 43
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    Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences : A Guide to the Literature An Annotated Bibliography, Key Word Index, and Microthesaurus (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468485004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Abstracts -- Permuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    Abstract: This volume follows and updates AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DIVING AND SUBMARINE MEDICINE published by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., in 1971. The time period covered is primarily the calendar years 1970 and 1971. Also included, however, is much material from the calendar years 1968 and 1969 not in the previous publication. A brief analysis of the sources of material precedes the citations and abstracts, which comprise the main section of the volume. The bibliography is followed by a permuted subject index and an author index. Also included, following the indexes, is a micro thesaurus. Although no attempt has been made to do a critical subject analysis, such an analysis could be accomplished through selecting a particular subject, looking up the appropriate key works in the rotated index, identifying the abstracts, analyzing them, obtaining complete copy as desired, and completing the critical review. David C. Weeks, Ph.D. Director, BSCP Washington, D.C.
    Description / Table of Contents: AbstractsPermuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8500-4
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  • 44
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    Scientists in Search of Their Conscience : Proceedings of a Symposium on The Impact of Science on Society organised by The European Committee of The Weizmann Institute of Science Brussels, June 28-29, 1971 (1973)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642952302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Albert B. Sabin -- Speakers: Théo Lefèvre -- Altiero Spinelli -- Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: John C. Kendrew -- Speakers: Friedrich Cramer “Can our Society meet the -- Challenge of a Technological Future?” -- Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky “A Scientist’s Approach to Human Values” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir -- Speakers: Léon Van Hove “Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action” -- Chaim L. Pekeris “The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society” -- Discussion -- Evening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Siegmund G. Warburg -- Speaker: Raymond Aron “Evening Address” -- Morning Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Wolfgang Gentner -- Speakers: Ole Maaløe “Can Ideas from Molecular Biology be applied to Economic and Social Systems?” -- David Samuel “Science and the Control of Man’s Mind” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Michael J. Higatsberger -- Speakers: Jean-Jacques Salomon “Science and Scientists’ Responsibilities in Today’s Society” -- Michael Feldman “Science and the Crisis of Democracy” -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Speakers: Victor F. Weisskopf -- Albert B. Sabin -- Appendix The Weizmann Institute -- Name Index.
    Abstract: "Scientists in Search of Their Conscience" is the edited proceedings of the European Symposium on the effects of science on society held in Brussels in 1971. Organised by The European Committee of The Weizmann Institute, Israel, the Conference gave scientists from varied disciplines and many countries the platform from which to explore in depth the dilemma facing them. The dilemma is the responsibility of scientists for society's use of scientific findings. Though no hard and fast conclusions were reached-in fact quite the contrary-the discussions left no doubt that scientists were becoming aware that they can no longer claim that the pursuit of knowledge is divorced from its use. Yet should they begin to face the responsibility for the application of their work, it is clear that their freedom will be impaired. The loss of freedom is of course part of the dilemma of science. Contents Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971 1 Chairman: Albert B. Sabin 3 Speakers: Theo Lefevre . 7 Altiero Spinelli . 11 Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 13 Chairman: John C. Kendrew 15 Speakers: Friedrich Cramer "Can our Society meet the Challenge of a Technological Future?" . . . 19 Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky "A Scientist's - proach to Human Values" . 33 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Afternoon Session, Monday, Jtme 28, 1971 . . . . . . . . 61 Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir . . . . . . . . . . 61 Speakers: Leon Van Hove" Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action" . . . . . . 63 Chaim L. Pekeris "The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society" 73 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Description / Table of Contents: Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971Chairman: Albert B. Sabin -- Speakers: Théo Lefèvre -- Altiero Spinelli -- Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: John C. Kendrew -- Speakers: Friedrich Cramer “Can our Society meet the -- Challenge of a Technological Future?” -- Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky “A Scientist’s Approach to Human Values” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir -- Speakers: Léon Van Hove “Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action” -- Chaim L. Pekeris “The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society” -- Discussion -- Evening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Siegmund G. Warburg -- Speaker: Raymond Aron “Evening Address” -- Morning Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Wolfgang Gentner -- Speakers: Ole Maaløe “Can Ideas from Molecular Biology be applied to Economic and Social Systems?” -- David Samuel “Science and the Control of Man’s Mind” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Michael J. Higatsberger -- Speakers: Jean-Jacques Salomon “Science and Scientists’ Responsibilities in Today’s Society” -- Michael Feldman “Science and the Crisis of Democracy” -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Speakers: Victor F. Weisskopf -- Albert B. Sabin -- Appendix The Weizmann Institute -- Name Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-95230-2
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  • 45
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    Phytochemical Methods : A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400959217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of Extraction and Isolation -- 1.3 Methods of Separation -- 1.4 Methods of Identification -- 1.5 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and Phenolic Acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid Pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and Flavones -- 2.7 Minor Flavonoids, Xanthones and Stilbenes -- 2.8 Quinone Pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential Oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and Gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and Steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant Acids -- 4.2 Fatty Acids and Lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and Related Hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur Compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino Acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic Glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, Pyrimidines and Cytokinins -- 5.8 The Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar Alcohols and Cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic Acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
    Abstract: While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work­ ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis1.1. Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of Extraction and Isolation -- 1.3 Methods of Separation -- 1.4 Methods of Identification -- 1.5 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and Phenolic Acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid Pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and Flavones -- 2.7 Minor Flavonoids, Xanthones and Stilbenes -- 2.8 Quinone Pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential Oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and Gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and Steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant Acids -- 4.2 Fatty Acids and Lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and Related Hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur Compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino Acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic Glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, Pyrimidines and Cytokinins -- 5.8 The Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar Alcohols and Cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic Acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5921-7
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  • 46
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    Organic Polymer Chemistry : An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Adhesives, Fibres, Paints, Plastics, and Rubbers (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401725040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 473 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Basic concepts2. Polyolefins -- 3. Polystyrene and styrene copolymers -- 4. Poly(vinyl chloride) and related polymers -- 5. Poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers -- 6. Acrylic polymers -- 7. Fluoropolymers -- 8. Polyethers -- 9. Polyamides and related polymers -- 10. Polyesters -- 11. Cellulose and related polymers -- 12. Phenol-formaldehyde polymers -- 13. Aminopolymers -- 14. Polyurethanes -- 15. Silicones -- 16. Epoxies -- 17. Sulphur-containing polymers -- 18. Polydienes -- 19. Miscellaneous polymers -- Appendix I. Trade names and manufacturers -- Appendix II. International system of units.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2504-0
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  • 47
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    Biology of Brain Dysfunction : Volume 1 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Genetic Disorders of Mucopolysaccharide MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Classification of the Disorders -- III. Genetics -- IV. Chemical Pathology -- V. Chemistry of the Sulfated Mucopolysaccharides -- VI. The Biochemical Defect -- VII. Some Practical Applications of Recent Biochemical Findings -- VIII. Summary -- Note Added in Proof -- References -- 2 Galactosemia: Biochemistry, Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Developmental Aspects -- I. Introduction -- II. Galactose Metabolism -- III. Hereditary Enzymatic Deficiencies in Galactose Metabolism -- IV. The Pathophysiology of Galactosemia -- V. Treatment -- References -- 3 Cytogenetic Aspects of Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Incidence of Human Chromosome Anomalies -- III. Syndromes Related to Autosomal Abnormalities -- IV. Syndromes Related to Sex Chromosome Abnormalities -- V. Syndromes Related to Chromosome Breakages -- VI. Detection of Individuals with Abnormal Chromosomes -- VII. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Abnormalities -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Systemic Disorders of Glucose Metabolism -- III. Newer Concepts of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Vivo -- IV. Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain -- References -- 5 Effects of Viral Infections on the Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods -- III. Pathways of Viral Spread -- IV. Cellular Response to Viral Infection -- V. Biochemical Changes -- VI. Immunological Reactions -- VII. Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases of the Brain -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- 6 Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain Extracellular Fluid -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomical Considerations -- III. Pathophysiological Aspects of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- IV. Pathophysiological Aspects of Brain Extracellular Fluid -- References -- 7 Disorders of Nucleic Acid Metabolism -- I. Disorders of Purine Metabolism -- II. Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism -- References -- 8 Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Development -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations Involved in Cellular Growth -- III. Normal Cellular Growth of the Brain -- IV. Nutritional Effects on Cellular Growth of the Brain -- V. Prenatal Malnutrition -- VI. Summary -- References -- 9 Pathophysiology of Anoxic Brain Damage -- I. Introduction -- II. Normal Oxidative Metabolism in the Brain -- III. Work Performed by the CNS Cells -- IV. Supply of Oxygen to the Brain Cells -- V. Supply and Metabolism of Substrates -- VI. Energy Flow and Energy State -- VII. Measurements of Energy States and Metabolite Levels -- VIII. Types of Cerebral Hypoxia and Anoxia -- IX. Cerebral Changes in Anoxia and Hypoxia -- X. Cerebral Changes in Ischemia -- XI. Factors Modifying the Response to Anoxia -- References -- 10 Effects of Deficiencies of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Central Nervous System Function and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Biochemical Roles of Coenzyme Forms of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 -- III. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Folic Acid Deficiency -- IV. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2667-0
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  • 48
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    Memory and Transfer of Information : Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the MERCK’SCHE GESELLSCHAFT für KUNST und WISSENSCHAFT held at Göttingen, May 24-26, 1972 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468420524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and Behavior -- Neural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    Abstract: The contents of this book are the presentations of a Symposium on "Memory and Transfer of Information", held at Gottingen, May 24-26, 1972 . One of the main reasons for organizing this Symposium was to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion between sci­ entists working in the field as a whole. Most of the pre­ vious meetings dealing with memory and transfer of infor­ mation have tended to be rather limited in scope. The pres­ ent Symposium covered a wide range of topics, including neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, neurochemical, behavioral and clinical aspects of learning and chemical transfer of information, presented by specialists in these areas. The Proceedings of the meeting present a large number of previously unpublished results, e.g., recent experiments in neurophysiology and neurochemistry, new approaches to chemical transfer of learned information, experiments using synthetic scotophobin and drugs influencing learning and behavior. The importance of interdisciplinary discussion is perhaps most clearly emphasized by the advances in neuro­ chemical micromethods which are of particular interest to scientists working on the chemical transfer of information. Only such interdisciplinary collaboration between highly specialized scientists guarantees further progress and deeper insight into the complex, and until now little under­ stood, mechanisms of that most intricate of organs, the brain. Hans Peter ZIPPEL vii CONTRIBUTORS BRADLEY, P.B. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Birmingham B1S 2TJ, England BYRNE, W. L. ~'; Department of Biochemistry. University of Tennessee. College of Basic Medical Sciences. Memphis. Tennessee 38103. U.S.A. CREUTZFELDT, O.D.
    Description / Table of Contents: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and BehaviorNeural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2052-4
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  • 49
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    A Guide Book to Mathematics : Fundamental Formulas · Tables · Graphs · Methods (1973)
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468462883
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: one Tables and Graphs -- I. Tables -- II. Graphs -- two Elementary Mathematics -- I. Approximate computations -- II. Algebra -- III. Geometry -- IV. Trigonometry -- three Analytic and Differential Geometry -- I. Analytic geometry -- II. Differential geometry -- four Foundations of Mathematical Analysis -- I. Introduction to analysis -- II. Differential calculus -- III. Integral calculus -- IV. Differential equations -- five Supplementary Chapters on Analysis -- I. Complex numbers and functions of a complex variable -- II. Vector calculus -- III. The calculus of variations -- IV. Integral equations -- V. Fourier series -- six Interpretation of Experimental Results -- I. Foundations of the theory of probability and the theory of errors -- II. Empirical formulas and interpolation.
    Abstract: TO THE FIRST RUSSIAN EDITION It was a very difficult task to write a guide-book of a small size designed to contain the fundamental knowledge of mathema­ tics which is most necessary to engineers and students of higher technical schools. In our tendency to the compactness and brevity of the exposition, we attempted, however, to produce a guide-book which would be easy to understand, convenient to use and as accurate as possible (as much as it is required in engineering). It should be pointed out that this book is neither a handbook nor a compendium, but a guide-book. Therefore it is not written as systematically as a handbook should be written. Hence the reader should not be surprised to find, for example, I'HOpital's rule in the section devoted to computation of limits which is a part of the chapter "Introduction to the analysis" placed before the concept of the derivative, or information about the Gamma function in the chapter "Algebra"-just after the concept of the factorial. There are many such "imperfections" in the book. Thus a reader who wants to acquire certain information is advised to use not only the table of contents but also the alpha­ betical index inserted at the end of the book. If a problem mentioned in the text is explained in detail in another place of the book, then the corresponding page is indicated in a footnote.
    Description / Table of Contents: one Tables and GraphsI. Tables -- II. Graphs -- two Elementary Mathematics -- I. Approximate computations -- II. Algebra -- III. Geometry -- IV. Trigonometry -- three Analytic and Differential Geometry -- I. Analytic geometry -- II. Differential geometry -- four Foundations of Mathematical Analysis -- I. Introduction to analysis -- II. Differential calculus -- III. Integral calculus -- IV. Differential equations -- five Supplementary Chapters on Analysis -- I. Complex numbers and functions of a complex variable -- II. Vector calculus -- III. The calculus of variations -- IV. Integral equations -- V. Fourier series -- six Interpretation of Experimental Results -- I. Foundations of the theory of probability and the theory of errors -- II. Empirical formulas and interpolation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6288-3
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  • 50
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    ABHB Annual Bibliography of the History of the Printed Book and Libraries : Volume 1: Publications of 1970/Volume 2: Publications of 1971 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401188029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 469 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Humanities ; Library science ; Social sciences.
    Abstract: The history of printing, books, and libraries, is confined only to a limited extent within the boundaries of individual countries. There are, indeed, few historical developments which have played a more universal role, in reaction against all kinds of particularism, than type design, printing, book production, publishing, illustration, binding, librarianship, journal­ ism, and related subjects. Their history should be assessed and studied primarily in an international, not in a local, context. The bibliographical resources, however, which the historian of these sub­ jects has at his disposal correspond hardly at all to the essentially inter­ national character of the object of his studies. Since the appearance of the retrospective bibliography of BIG MORE and WYMAN, covering the subject comprehensively up to r88o, the only current bibliography has been the lnternationale Bibliographie des Buck-und Bi­ bliothekswesens. Covering a representative part of newly published liter­ ature, it appeared from rgz8, but did not survive the Second World War. More recently, several useful, but limited, bibliographies have appeared.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8802-9
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  • 51
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    The Proton in Chemistry (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475715927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Acids, bases, and the nature of the hydrogen ion -- 3 The investigation of protolytic equilibria in aqueous solution -- 4 The effect of the solvent on protolytic equilibria -- 5 The thermodynamics of protolytic equilibria -- 6 Acid-base strength and molecular structure -- 7 The direct study of rates of simple proton-transfer reactions -- 8 The indirect study of rates of proton transfer -- 9 Examples of reactions catalysed by acids and bases -- 10 Rates, equilibria, and structures in proton-transfer reactions -- 11 Isotope effects in proton-transfer equilibria -- 12 Kinetic isotope effects in proton-transfer reactions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The first edition of this book was based on the lectures which I gave at Cornell University during 1958 as George Fisher Baker Lecturer, and I would like to repeat my warmest thanks to Professor F. A. Long and the other members of the Department of Chemistry for their kindness and helpful advice. The present edition was largely written during the tenure of a Visiting Professorship awarded by the Royal Society and the Israeli Academy of Sciences. I am deeply indebted to both of these bodies and also to the hospitality of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in particular to Professor David Samuel and Professor F. S. Klein of the Isotopes Research Department. The subject as a whole has expanded greatly since 1959, especially in two fields, namely, the direct study of fast proton-transfer reactions (notably by the relaxation methods pioneered by Eigen), and the experi­ mental and theoretical study of hydrogen isotope effects. In order to keep the size of the book within reasonable bounds it has been necessary to adopt a selective policy, and this is particularly the case in Chapter 9 where I have chosen to treat a few types of reaction in some detail rather than to attempt a more complete coverage.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1592-7
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  • 52
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    Power Electronics : Thyristor Controlled Power for Electric Motors (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Modern Electrical Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Power Electronics and Rotating Electric Drives -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Power Electronics -- 1.3. Rotating Electric Drives -- References and Bibliography -- 2. The Thyristor -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Semiconductors -- 2.3. Thyristor Characteristics -- 2.4. Thyristor Turn-Off -- 2.5. Thyristor Ratings -- 2.6. Thyristor Manufacture -- 2.7. Thyristors in Circuitsx -- 2.8. Thyristor Protection Circuits -- 2.9. Relative Merits of Thyristors -- 2.10. The Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (Triac) -- 2.11. Summary -- Worked Examples -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 3. Induction Motor Control -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Induction Motor Starting -- 3.3. Induction Motor Speed Control -- References -- Problems -- 4. Direct Current Motor Control -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Starting Direct Current Motors -- 4.3. Speed Control of Direct Current Motors -- 4.4. Position Control by Direct Current Motors -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 5. Synchronous Motor Control -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Synchronous Motor Starting -- 5.3. Speed Control -- 5.4. Synchronous Motor Excitation -- 5.5. A Synchronous or a Direct Current Motor? -- References and Bibliography -- Appendices -- I. Logic Circuitry for Inverter Control -- II. Logic Circuitry for Bidirectional Converter -- III. Logic Circuitry for On-Off Servo -- References -- Additional Problems for Chapters One, Two, Three and Four.
    Abstract: The following pages are meant for those who wish to use thyristors. The details of the physics of semiconductor materials or the design of thyristors themselves are unnecessary here but a general description of the device may help to avoid pitfalls during electric circuit design. Thyristor is the internationally recognized name for a particular semi­ conductor device. The name is derived from the Greek, the first part meaning switch and the second part an association with the transistor family. It has a trade name, viz. SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) and it got this name principally because it is a silicon device and it is used as a rectifier which can be controlled. As a controlled switch it forms a group together with the electromagnetic relay, the thyratron and the mercury arc rectifier. The advantages and disadvantages of the thyristor become apparent in the process of describing the device and its range of application. However, the present general interest, development and use of the thyristor, indicates that for many cases its many advantages make it superior to other devices. Control of rotating electric machines is a major interest of the author so that in this book the applications of the thyristor are towards this end. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6916-5
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  • 53
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    Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461582588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 421 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Corrosion and Deposition of Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Liquid Sodium -- Chemistry of Solid-Liquid Metal Reactions -- Corrosion and Deposition Observations -- Corrosion Models -- Discussion of the Proposed Corrosion Equation -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Titanium Alloys -- Physical Metallurgy of Titanium -- Electrochemistry of Titanium -- Presentation of Stress-Corrosion Cracking Data -- Fracture -- Discussion -- Practical Aspects of SCC of Titanium Alloys -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Intergranular Corrosion of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys -- The Iron-Nickel-Chromium System -- Phenomenology and Models -- Experimental Techniques and Method -- Summary -- References -- Note Added in Proof.
    Abstract: This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are sekcted in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en­ vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non­ aqueous liquids.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8258-8
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  • 54
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    Cell Differentiation (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies In Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategy and tactics -- 3 Model systems, the reductionist approach -- 3.1 Bacteriophage -- 3.2 Enzyme induction in bacteria -- 3.3 Spore formation in bacteria -- 3.4 Are prokaryotes good models for eukaryotes? -- 3.5 The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum -- 3.6 Tissue culture cells -- 3.7 Metamorphosis -- References -- 4 Special systems, the classical approach -- 4.1 Chromosome structure and function -- 4.2 RNA synthesis -- 4.3 Protein synthesis -- 4.4 Protein degradation -- 4.5 Protein modification -- 4.6 Metabolism -- Summary -- References -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Abstract: The development of an embryo is one of the which prevents entry of other sperm, fusion of most awe inspiring biological phenomena and the two haploid nuclei occurs and within about the study of cell differentiation can be traced 30 minutes the pigmented cortex rotates with respect to the underlying cytoplasm and in so back in antiquity to Aristotle and beyond However, there are few modern sciences which doing it reveals a grey, crescent shaped area on pay more than a cursory obeisance to their the side of the egg opposite to the point of founders and few students seem very interested entry of the sperm. This is another example of in the theories of their dead predecessors. polarity developing. Soon after fertilization the Embryology, though, is that rare exception - a zygote enters a period of rapid nuclear and cell division. The result of this cleavage process is science where the problems, theories and often that the egg cytoplasm is partitioned between techniques that excite our interest today, are essentially the same as those which excited our numerous cells whose ratio of nuclear volume to cytoplasmic volume is more like that found colleagues of fifty or even a hundred years ago. in an 'average' somatic cell.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5713-8
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  • 55
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    Introduction to Mathematical Analysis (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 83 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- 1. Axioms for the Real Numbers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fields -- 3 Order -- 4 Completeness -- 5 Upper bound -- 6 The Archimedean property -- Exercises -- 2. Sequences -- 7 Limit of a sequence -- 8 Sequences without limits -- 9 Monotone sequences -- Exercises -- 3. Series -- 10 Infinite series -- 11 Convergence -- 12 Tests -- 13 Absolute convergence -- 14 Power series -- Exercises -- 4. Continuous Functions -- 15 Limit of a function -- 16 Continuity -- 17 The intermediate value property -- 18 Bounds of a continuous function -- Exercises -- 5. Differentiable Functions -- 19 Derivatives -- 20 Rolle’s theorem -- 21 The mean value theorem -- Exercises -- 6. The Riemann Integral -- 22 Introduction -- 23 Upper and lower sums -- 24 Riemann-integrable functions -- 25 Examples -- 26 A necessary and sufficient condition -- 27 Monotone functions -- 28 Uniform continuity -- 29 Integrability of continuous functions -- 30 Properties of the Riemann integral -- 31 The mean value theorem -- 32 Integration and differentiation -- Exercises -- Answers to the Exercises.
    Abstract: I have tried to provide an introduction, at an elementary level, to some of the important topics in real analysis, without avoiding reference to the central role which the completeness of the real numbers plays throughout. Many elementary textbooks are written on the assumption that an appeal to the complete­ ness axiom is beyond their scope; my aim here has been to give an account of the development from axiomatic beginnings, without gaps, while keeping the treatment reasonably simple. Little previous knowledge is assumed, though it is likely that any reader will have had some experience of calculus. I hope that the book will give the non-specialist, who may have considerable facility in techniques, an appreciation of the foundations and rigorous framework of the mathematics that he uses in its applications; while, for the intending mathe­ matician, it will be more of a beginner's book in preparation for more advanced study of analysis. I should finally like to record my thanks to Professor Ledermann for the suggestions and comments that he made after reading the first draft of the text.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6572-3
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  • 56
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    Temporal Aspects of Therapeutics (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468428476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: ALZA Conference Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I — Temporal Organization in Biosystems -- The Biological Time Scale -- Temporal and Hierarchical Organization in Biosystems -- Time and Timelessness in Biological Clocks -- Section II — Temporal Aspects of Subcellular Synthesis -- Sequential Assembly of Virus Particles -- Temporal Aspects of Macromolecular Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells -- Section III — Temporal Aspects of Organ System Function -- Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation in the Rhesus Monkey -- Section IV — Temporal Patterns and Therapeutics -- Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems -- Cell Proliferation Characteristics and Cancer Chemotherapy -- Chronopharmacology in the Treatment of Hypertension with Diuretics -- Testosterone Polydimethylsiloxane Implants and Contraception in Male Rabbits -- Progress towards an Implantable Glucose Sensor and an Artificial Beta Cell -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: Drugs are molecular agents of a physician's purpose. Discussions of their mechanisms of action center upon biochemical processes, even though the therapeutic intent may be to create an effect at a higher level of organization. We often prescribe to stop pain, increase vigor, assure sleep, curtail infection, alleviate inflammation, elevate mood, etc. To achieve rational therapy at high levels of organization it is not enough to know the molecular structures of drugs, and the points at which they couple into biochemical reaction chains. Such knowledge deals with static concepts, whereas the biosystems we treat extend in the dimensions of time as well as in those of space. Even when "resting", a biosystem manifests a dynamic stability, and sustains numerous processes whose successive states follow trajectories in time. A chemical message is not necessarily received by a biosystem as the same signal at one time as at another. Studies of cell cycle biochemistry, and of circadian variations in toxicity of some agents, have emphasized the importance of time as an aspect of therapeutics. In this volume, temporal aspects of living systems are considered. In the first section they are dealt with from the point of view of general design principles, in three papers by Morowitz, by Yates and Iberall, and by Winfree. In the second section, papers by Kaiser and by Thompson present accounts of sequential events in fundamental subcellular processes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2847-6
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  • 57
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    The Physics of Glassy Polymers (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401023559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Materials Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: (The Nature of Polymer Glasses, Their Packing Density and Mechanical Behaviour) -- The Nature of Polymeric Glasses -- Packing Volume in the Glassy State -- The Rigidity of Polymer Glasses -- Large Deformations and Fracture -- References -- 1 The Thermodynamics of the Glassy State -- 1.1 Introductory Thermodynamic Considerations -- 1.2 Glassy Solidification and Transition Phenomena -- 1.3 Results of the Thermodynamic Theory of Linear Relaxation Phenomena -- 1.4 Glassy Mixed Phases -- 1.5 The Mobility and Structure of Glassy Phases -- References -- 2 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction of X-rays With Matter -- 2.3 Order and Orientation in Polymers -- 2.4 Diffraction of X-rays by Amorphous Materials -- 2.5 Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 2.6 The Radial Distribution Function for Amorphous Polymers -- References -- 3 Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Motion in Polymeric Melts and Glasses -- 3.3 Secondary Relaxation Regions in Typical Organic Glasses -- References -- 4 Creep in Glassy Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.3 Apparatus and Experimental Methods -- 4.4 Creep Phenomena in Glassy Polymers -- 4.5 Final Comments -- References and Bibliography -- 5 The Yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Mechanical Tests -- 5.4 Characteristics of the Yield Process -- 5.5 Inhomogeneous Deformation -- 5.6 Structural Observations -- 5.7 Yield Criteria for Polymers -- 5.8 Molecular Theories of Yielding -- References -- 6 The Post-Yield Behaviour of Amorphous Plastics -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Phenomena of’ strain Softening’ -- 6.3 Plastic Instability Phenomena -- 6.4 The Adiabatic Heating of Polymers Subject to Large Deformations -- 6.5 Orientation Hardening -- 6.6 Large Deformation and Fracture -- References -- 7 Cracking and Crazing in Polymeric Glasses -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fracture Mechanics -- 7.3 Fatigue Fracture -- 7.4 Crazing -- 7.5 Molecular Fracture -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rubber ReinForced Thermoplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rubber Reinforced Glassy Polymers of Commercial Importance -- 8.3 Methods of Manufacture -- 8.4 Incompatibility in Polymer Mixtures -- 8.5 Identification of Two Phase Rubber Reinforced Systems -- 8.6 Dispersed Phase Morphology -- 8.7 Optical Properties -- 8.8 Mechanical Properties -- References -- 9 The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ideal and Non-ideal Sorption and Diffusion of Fixed Gases -- 9.3 The Effect of the Glass Transition on Gas and Vapour Diffusion in Polymers -- 9.4 Relaxation Controlled Transport and Related Crazing of Polymeric Glasses by Vapours -- 9.5 Some Effects of Crystallinity and Orientation on the Transport of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- References -- 10 The Morphology of Regular Block Copolymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Techniques Used for the Study of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.3 Variables Controlling the Morphology -- 10.4 Studies with Specific Systems -- 10.5 Theories of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.6 Implications of Theories and Comparison With Experiment -- 10.7 Mechanical Properties and Deformations -- 10.8 Crystallinity -- References -- Appendix I Glass Transition Temperatures and Expansion Coefficients for the Glass and Rubber States of some Typical Polymeric Glasses -- Appendix II Conversion Factors for SI Units.
    Abstract: This work sets out to provide an up-to-date account of the physical properties and structure of polymers in the glassy state. Properties measured above the glass transition temperature are therefore included only in so far as is necessary for the treatment of the glass transition process. This approach to the subject therefore excludes any detailed account of rubber elasticity or melt rheology or of the structure and conformation of the long chain molecule in solution, although knowledge derived from this field is assumed where required. Major emphasis is placed on structural and mechanical properties, although a number of other physical properties are included. Naturally the different authors contributing to the book write mainly from their own particular points of view and where there are several widely accepted theoretical approaches to a subject, these are sometimes provided in different chapters which will necessarily overlap to a significant extent. For example, the main theoretical presentation on the subject of glass transition is given in Chapter 1. This is supplemented by accounts of the free volume theory in Chapter 3 and in the Introduction, and a short account of the work of Gibbs and DiMarzio, also in Chapter 3. Similarly, there is material on solvent cracking in Chapters 7 and 9, though the two workers approach the subject from opposite directions. Every effort has therefore been made to encourage cross-referencing between different chapters.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2355-9
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  • 58
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    Theoretical Concepts (1973)
    Vienna : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783709171066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Exact Philosophy 10
    Series Statement: LEP Library of Exact Philosophy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Logic. ; Information storage and retrieval systems.
    Abstract: I Theoretical Concepts in Science -- 1. The Problem of Theoretical Concepts -- 2. Theoretical and Observational Concepts -- II Elimination of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Craig’s General Replacement Programme -- 2. The Significance of Craig’s Replacement Programme -- 3. Replacement of First-Order Theories -- III Model Theory and Ramsey-Eliminability -- 1. Extendibility of Theories and Models -- 2. Ramsey-Eliminability of Theoretical Concepts -- IV Definitions and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Determinate and Partially Determinate Definitions -- 2. Indeterminate Definability -- 3. Openness vs. Definability of Theoretical Concepts in the Social Sciences -- V Meaning and Interpretation of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. The Partial Interpretation View on Interpretation -- 2. Meaning and Interpretation of Scientific Terms -- 3. Meaning Postulates and Correspondence Rules -- VI Methodological Desirability of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Gains Due to Theoretical Concepts -- 2. Methodological Illustrations of the Use of Theoretical Concepts -- 3. Scientific Growth and Explicitly Defined Theoretical Concepts -- VII Deductive Explanation and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Deductive Explanation and Information -- 2. Theoretical Concepts and Deductive Explanation of Scientific Laws -- VIII Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 1. Problems of Inductive Inference -- 2. Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 3. Theoretical Concepts and Inductive Logic -- References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: to that goal, and it is hoped that it will incorporate further works dealing in an exact way with interesting philosophical issues. Zurich, April 1973 Mario Bunge Preface In this book I have investigated the logical and methodological role of the much debated theoretical concepts in scientific theories. The philosophical viewpoint underlying my argumentation is critical scientific realism. My method of exposition has been to express ideas first in general terms and then to develop and elaborate them within a specific formal framework. It is assumed in the book that the reader has a relatively good knowledge of the basic techniques and results of modern symbolic logic, including model theory. Examples from actual science are mostly from the social sciences. I have deliberately omitted a treatment of a number of characteristic features which are particular to theoretical concepts in the more developed sciences, such as modern physics. This book owes very much to Professor Jaakko Hintikka, to whom I wish to express my deep gratitude. Especially at the begin­ ning of this project in 1968/69 when I was doing research for my doctoral degree at Stanford University I worked with him closely.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7106-6
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  • 59
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    Superconducting Materials (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461586722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Superconducting State of Materials and Methods of Estimating It -- The Phenomenon of Superconductivity -- Empirical Rules -- Methods of Measuring the Critical Superconducting Characteristics of Metals and Alloys -- Low-Temperature Technique -- Metallography of Superconducting Alloys -- Literature Cited -- II Superconducting Elements -- Properties of Superconducting Elements -- Effect of Deformation and Interstitial Impurities on the Superconducting Properties of the Elements -- Literature Cited -- III Superconducting Compounds -- Compounds with the Cr3Si Structure -- Interstitial Phases and Certain Other Compounds of Metals with Nonmetals -- Sigma and Laves Phases and Similar Compounds -- Superconducting Compounds with Other Types of Structures -- Effect of Alloying Elements and Impurities on the Structure and Properties of Compounds -- Effect of Heat Treatment and Other Factors on the Superconducting Characteristics of Compounds -- Literature Cited -- IV Physicochemical Analysis of Superconducting Systems -- Binary Superconducting Systems -- Ternary and More Complex Superconducting Systems -- Literature Cited -- V Production of Superconducting Materials -- Effect of Composition, Deformation, and Heat Treatment on the Critical Current of Superconducting Alloys -- Technology of the Production of Superconducting Alloys -- Properties and Production Technology of Parts Made from Superconducting Compounds -- Literature Cited -- VI Applications -- Superconducting Magnets -- Computing Technology -- Electronics and Measuring Technology -- Nuclear Power and Space -- Electrical Machines -- Conclusion -- Literature Cited.
    Abstract: With the increased interest in superconductivity applications through­ out the world and the necessity of obtaining a firmer understanding of the basic concepts of superconductivity, the editors of the In­ ternational Cryogenics Monograph series are extremely grateful for the opportunity to add Superconducting Materials to this series. This comprehensive review and summary of superconducting ma­ terials was originally prepared by the Russian authors in 1969 and has been specifically updated for this series. It is the most thorough review of the literature on this subject that has been made to date. Since advances in the development and use of new superconducting materials are largely associated with the general state and level in the development of the physical theory of superconductivity, the physical chemistry of metals, metallography, metal physics, tech­ nical physics, and manufacturing techniques, it is hoped that this monograph will provide the stimulus for further advances in all aspects of this exciting field. The editors express their appreciation to the authors, the translators, and Plenum Publishing Corporation for their assistance and continued interest in making this worthy addition to the series possible.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8672-2
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  • 60
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    Advanced Molecular Quantum Mechanics : An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and the Quantum Theory of Radiation (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Chemical Physics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1 Formal quantum mechanics -- 1.2 The Schrödinger equation -- 1.3 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and related topics -- 1.4 Angular momentum -- 1.5 Electron spin -- 1.6 The need for a relativistic theory -- 2 Vector and Matrix Algebra -- 2.1 Vectors and vector multiplication -- 2.2 The repeated subscript convention for summation -- 2.3 The Kronecker delta ?ij -- 2.4 The ?ijk notation -- 2.5 The ?ijk sum rules -- 2.6 Examples I -- 2.7 The vector operator ? -- 2.8 The gradient -- 2.9 The divergence -- 2.10 The curl -- 2.11 Examples II -- 2.12 Second derivatives in vector calculus -- 2.13 The Dirac delta function -- 2.14 Matrices and determinants: a summary -- 2.15 Vectors in four dimensions -- 3 Classical Mechanics -- 3.1 Inertial frames and Galileo’s relativity principle -- 3.2 The principle of least action -- 3.3 Lagrange’s equations of motion -- 3.4 The Lagrangian for a system of particles -- 3.5 Constants of motion -- 3.6 The Hamiltonian -- 4 Special Relativity -- 4.1 Einstein’s principle of relativity -- 4.2 The interval -- 4.3 The Lorentz transformation -- 4.4 Contraction, dilation and paradoxes -- 4.5 The transformation of velocities -- 4.6 The relativistic mechanics of a free particle -- 4.7 Four-vectors -- 5 The Interaction of Charged Particles with Electromagnetic Fields -- 5.1 Units -- 5.2 The electromagnetic potentials -- 5.3 The field vectors -- 5.4 The Lorentz transformation of electric and magnetic fields -- 5.5 Gauge transformations -- 5.6 Maxwell’s equations -- 5.7 The potentials and fields due to a stationary charge -- 5.8 The potentials due to a moving charge -- 5.9 The interaction of two charged particles -- 5.10 The Thomas precession -- 6 The Classical Theory of Electromagnetic Fields -- 6.1 Continuous mechanical systems -- 6.2 The Lagrangian density for an electromagnetic field -- 6.3 The current four-vector -- 6.4 The second pair of Maxwell’s equations -- 6.5 Electromagnetic waves -- 6.6 Solution of the wave equation for free space -- 6.7 The characteristic vibrations of an electromagnetic field -- 7 Relativistic Wave Equations -- 7.1 Quantization of classical equations -- 7.2 Gauge invariance of quantum mechanical equations -- 7.3 The Klein-Gordon equation -- 8 The Dirac Equation -- 8.1 The Dirac equation for a free electron -- 8.2 The Dirac operators ? and ? -- 8.3 The introduction of an electromagnetic field -- 8.4 Electron spin -- 8.5 Lorentz invariance of the Dirac equation -- 8.6 The negative energy solutions — positrons -- 8.7 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 8.8 The method of small components -- 8.9 The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation -- 8.10 The free electron -- 9 The Wave Equation for Many Electrons -- 9.1 The electromagnetic potentials due to a moving electron -- 9.2 The Hamiltonian for two electrons -- 9.3 The Breit equation -- 9.4 Reduction of the Breit equation to non-relativistic form -- 9.5 Radiative corrections -- 9.6 The many-electron Hamiltonian -- 10 The Molecular Hamiltonian -- 10.1 The introduction of nuclei -- 10.2 Finite nuclear size effects -- 10.3 Spectroscopically useful Hamiltonians -- 10.4 Effective Hamiltonians -- 11 The Hydrogen Atom -- 11.1 Non-relativistic theory for a one-electron atom -- 11.2 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 11.3 The simultaneous eigenfunctions of j2, jz, l2, s2 and K -- 11.4 Commutation relations for the Dirac Hamiltonian -- 11.5 The Dirac equation in polar coordinates -- 11.6 Solution of the radial equations -- 11.7 The energy levels -- 11.8 Comparison of Dirac and non-relativistic atomic orbitals -- 11.9 The Lamb shift -- 11.10 More complicated systems -- 12 Quantum Field Theory -- 12.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- 12.2 Solution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator equation -- 12.3 Creation and annihilation operators -- 12.4 Photons -- 12.5 Zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuations -- 12.6 Fermions and second quantization -- 13 The Interaction of Radiation and Matter -- 13.1 The interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory -- 13.3 Matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.4 Absorption and emission -- 13.5 Comparison of the semiclassical and quantized theories -- 13.6 Multi-photon processes -- 13.7 The scattering of photons by molecules -- 13.8 Line widths and resonance fluorescence -- Appendix A Units -- A.1 SI units -- A.2 Conversion from the mixed (Gaussian) CGS system to the SI system -- A.3 Recommended values of physical constants -- Appendix B Vector Relations in Three Dimensions -- Appendix C General Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is primarily intended for graduate chemists and chemical physicists. Indeed, it is based on a graduate course that I give in the Chemistry Depart­ ment of Southampton University. Nowadays undergraduate chemistry courses usually include an introduction to quantum mechanics with particular reference to molecular properties and there are a number of excellent textbooks aimed specifically at undergraduate chemists. In valence theory and molecular spectroscopy physical concepts are often encountered that are normally taken on trust. For example, electron spin and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron are usually accepted as postulates, although they are well understood by physicists. In addition, the advent of new techniques has led to experimental situations that can only be accounted for adequately by relatively sophisticated physical theory. Relativis­ tic corrections to molecular orbital energies are needed to explain X-ray photo­ electron spectra, while the use oflasers can give rise to multiphoton transitions, which are not easy to understand using the classical theory of radiation. Of course, the relevant equations may be extracted from the literature, but, if the underlying physics is not understood, this is a practice that is at best dissatisfy­ ing and at worst dangerous. One instance where great care must be taken is in the use of spectroscopically determined parameters to test the accuracy of elec­ tronic wave functions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5688-9
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  • 61
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    Music in Java : Its History, Its Theory and Its Technique (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third, Enlarged Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Anthropology. ; Music.
    Abstract: of Volume I -- 1. General Introduction -- 2. Tone- and Scale-Systems -- 3. Historical Survey -- a. Before the advent of the Hindus -- b. Hindu-Java -- c. The post-Hindu period -- 4. Central and East Java -- a. Introduction -- b. Vocal music -- c. Instruments -- d. Orchestras -- e. Structure, nature and use of the dif ferent compositions -- f. Notation -- Chapters. West Java -- a. Introduction (a comparison of Sundanese with Javanese and Balinese music, both instrumental and vocal; the impression made on the Western mind; something about vocal music) -- b. Instruments -- c. Orchestras -- d. Forms of composition, and their use.
    Abstract: One day in the summer of 1921 a postal delivery brought me a little packet of reprints from the periodical "Djawa" : articles about Indonesian music by Dr. JAAP KUNST, which until that moment had not come to my notice. A cursory glance was enough to convince me that the author was a very gifted man, who had made a sound and absolutely scientific study of the subject, and thereby made a valuable contribution, by means of careful observation and actual tone-measurements, to the facts known from the older studies by GRONEMAN, LAND and ELLIS. These measure­ ments were particularly satisfying to me personally, since they constituted an astonishing confirmation of a hypothesis concerning the genesis of tone­ systems (through the "cycle of blown fifths"), which I had propounded two years previously, without, however, having published it. At the same time it was proved, through the perfect conformity existing between the measured and the theoretical absolute pitches (vibration frequencies), that Indonesian gamelan tuning, too, belongs to the radius of ancient Chinese culture - much the same as is the case with Pan-pipes and xylo­ phones all over· the world. The first contact between Dr. KUNST and myself led to a regular cor­ respondence, which especially contributed to a further development of the above-mentioned theory of tone-systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: of Volume I1. General Introduction -- 2. Tone- and Scale-Systems -- 3. Historical Survey -- a. Before the advent of the Hindus -- b. Hindu-Java -- c. The post-Hindu period -- 4. Central and East Java -- a. Introduction -- b. Vocal music -- c. Instruments -- d. Orchestras -- e. Structure, nature and use of the dif ferent compositions -- f. Notation -- Chapters. West Java -- a. Introduction (a comparison of Sundanese with Javanese and Balinese music, both instrumental and vocal; the impression made on the Western mind; something about vocal music) -- b. Instruments -- c. Orchestras -- d. Forms of composition, and their use.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3469-6
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  • 62
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    Literary transcendentalism : style and vision in the American Renaissance (1973)
    Ithaca : Cornell University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781501707667 , 1501707663 , 9780801491528 , 0801491525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 336 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Cornell paperbacks 152
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Buell, Lawrence Literary transcendentalism
    DDC: 810/.9/38
    Keywords: American literature History and criticism 19th century ; Transcendentalism (New England) ; American literature, 19th century History and criticism. ; Transcendentalism (New England) ; American literature ; United States Intellectual life 1783-1865 ; United States Intellectual life, 1783-1865. ; United States ; USA ; Literatur ; Transzendentalismus ; USA ; Transzendentalismus
    Abstract: Broader in scope than any previous literary study of the transcendentalists, this rewarding book analyzes the theories and forms characteristic of a vital group of American writers, as well as the principles and vision underlying transcendentalism. All the movement's major literary figures and forms are considered in detail. Lawrence Buell combines intellectual history and critical explication, giving equal attention to general trends and to particular works and individuals. His chapters on conversation, religious discourse, catalog rhetoric, and literary travelogue treat intensively topics that have been relatively neglected. His analyses of Ellery Channing's poetry and the use of persona in Emerson and Very are also innovative. In the final section, he offers the first systematic account of the autobiographical tradition in transcendentalist writing
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Background and general principles: The emergence of the transcendentalist aesthetic from American unitarianism -- Transcendentalist literary method: inspiration versus craftmanship -- pt. 2. The living word: From conversation to essay -- From sermon to scripture -- pt. 3. Word and world: nature as a model for literary form: Emerson and the idea of microcosmic form -- Catalogue rhetoric -- Thoreau and the literary excursion -- Thoreau's A week -- Ellery Channing: the major phase of a minor poet -- pt. 4. The first person: Transcendentalist self-examination and autobiographical tradition -- Emerson and Thoreau: soul versus self -- Transcendental egoism in Very and Whitman.
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  • 63
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    Advances in Instrumentation (1972)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034874137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 631 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7413-7
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  • 64
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    Elements of Marine Ecology : An Introductory Course (1972)
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461382973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The OceansExtent and Depth -- Ocean Currents -- Ecological Aspects of the Marine Environment -- Elementary Classification of the Marine Environment -- 2 Marine Plankton -- Definitions -- Marine Phytoplankton -- Marine Zooplankton -- 3 Measuring and Sampling -- I Oceanographic Data -- II Biological Sampling -- III Underwater Observations -- 4 Some Parameters of the Environment -- Temperature -- Composition of Sea-water -- Specific Gravity and Pressure -- Illumination -- Currents -- 5 Organic Production in the Sea -- The Organic Food Cycle -- Measurements of Organic Production -- Some Factors Regulating Production -- Ocean Seasons -- Some Mathematical Models -- Geographical Differences of Fertility -- 6 The Sea Bottom -- The Substrate -- Benthic Populations -- 7 The Sea-Shore -- Tides -- Waves -- The Evolution of Coastlines -- Some Problems of Shore Life -- Food Sources -- Zonation -- Fitting the Shore Environment -- Rocky Shores -- Sandy Shores -- Estuaries -- 8 Sea Fisheries -- Fishing methods -- The Biology of some Food Fishes -- The Overfishing Problem -- Fishery Research -- The Regulation of Fisheries -- Increasing the Production of Food from the Sea -- 9 Energy Relationships of Marine Production -- Primary Production -- The Grazing Chain -- The Detritus Chain -- The Energy Balance Sheet -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1 Suggested Topics for Further Study and Class Discussion or Written Work -- Appendix 2 Summary of Laboratory Exercises -- Appendix 3 Synopsis of a Field Course -- Abundance Scale for Intertidal Organisms -- Appendix 4 Supplementary Readings -- Appendix 5 Metric Units of Measurement and their Conversion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8297-3
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  • 65
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    The Science of Life : Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468417104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes—the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
    Abstract: The Science of Life: Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare is the first of what we anticipate will be a series of monographs resulting from activities of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. From time to time material drawn from symposia presented at the an­ nual meetings of the Societies, when considered suitable, will be published as separate FASEB Monographs. Usually, the material will have appeared in Federation Proceedings. Occasionally, other papers resulting from symposia, conferences, or special meetings sponsored by the Federation or one of its constituent societies will appear as a F ASEB monograph. In some instances, special articles on the same topic will be drawn together under one cover. Why should information which has already been printed and distributed as a part of the editorial content of a journal be republished as a monograph? Most of the ma­ terial to be included in this effort, particularly the symposia presented at the annual meetings of the six Federated Societies, will summarize the state of the art ex­ cellently. Such information will be of considerable value to students and teachers, especially for undergraduate honors courses or in graduate studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes-the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1710-4
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    Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461597018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 717 p) , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: One Foundations of Atomic and Nuclear Physics1 Atoms, Ions, and Electrons -- 2 The Special Theory of Relativity -- 3 The Nuclear Atom -- 4 Some Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 5 X-Rays -- 6 Waves and Particles 153 6-1 De Brogue’s Hypothesis -- 7 Elements of Quantum Mechanics -- Two The Extranuclear Structure of the Atom -- 8 The Hydrogen Atom -- 9 Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure -- 10 X-Ray Spectra -- 11 Selected Applications of Quantum Physics -- Three Nuclear Physics -- 12 Particle Accelerators -- 13 Beam Transport and Detecting Devices -- 14 Radioactivity -- 15 Nuclear Reactions -- 16 Fission and Fusion of Nuclei -- 17 Nuclear Processes -- 18 Fundamental Particles -- Appendixes -- I Physical Constants and Conversion Factors The Greek Alphabet -- II Atomic Weights of the Elements -- III Periodic Table of the Elements -- IV Table of Nuclear Properties 655 V-1 Review of Vector Notation -- V-2 Displacement Equation for Brownian Motion -- V-3 Path of an Alpha Particle in a Coulomb Field of Force -- V-4 Derivation of the Equations for the Compton Effect -- V-6 Quantum Mechanrcal Solution of the Harmonic Oscillator -- V-8 Derivation of the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Distributions -- V-9 Probability Density Functions -- Answers to Selected Problems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9701-8
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    Macromolecules and Behavior (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468460421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody—an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody-an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6042-1
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  • 68
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    Errors of Observation and their Treatment (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Errors of Observation -- 1 Accidental and systematic errors -- 2 Errors and fractional errors -- 3 Estimate of error -- 4 Estimate of the error in compound quantities -- 5 Error in a product -- 6 Error in a quotient -- 7 Use of the calculus -- 8 Error in a sum or difference -- 2. Some Statistical Ideas -- 9 Frequency distributions -- 10 The mean -- 11 Relative frequency -- 12 The median -- 13 Frequency curves -- 14 Measures of dispersion -- 15 The range -- 16 The mean deviation -- 17 The standard deviation -- 18 Evaluation of standard deviation, ? -- 19 Sheppard’s correction -- 20 Charlier’s checks -- 21 The mean and standard deviation of a sum -- 22 Certain special frequency distributions -- 23 The binomial distribution -- 24 The Poisson distribution -- 25 The normal distribution -- 26 Relation between a normal and a binomial distribution -- 27 The mean deviation of a normal distribution -- 28 Area under the normal error curve -- 29 Sampling, standard error of the mean -- 30 Bessel’s formulae -- 31 Peters’ formulae -- 32 Fitting of a normal curve -- 33 Other frequency distributions -- 3. Theory of Errors -- 34 The normal or Gaussian law of error -- 35 Applicability of the normal law of error -- 36 Normal error distributions -- 37 Standard error of a sum or difference -- 38 Standard error of a product -- 39 Standard error of a compound quantity -- 40 Method of least squares -- 41 Weighted mean -- 42 Standard error of weighted mean -- 43 Internal and external consistency -- 44 Other applications of the method of least squares, solution of linear equations -- 45 Solution of linear equations involving observed quantities -- 46 Curve fitting -- 47 Line of regression -- 48 Accuracy of coefficients -- 49 Other curves -- References.
    Abstract: This little book is written in the first place for students in technical colleges taking the National Certificate Courses in Applied Physics; it is hoped it will appeal also to students of physics, and pernaps chemistry, in the sixth forms of grammar schools and in the universltIes. For wherever experimental work in physics, or in science generally, is undertakcn the degree of accuracy of the measurements, and of the res,!lts of the experiments, must be of the first importance. Every teacher of experimental physics knows how "results" given to three or four decimal plaees are often in error in the first place; students suffer from "delusions of accuracy. " At a higher level too, more experieneed workers sometimes claim a degree of accuracy which cannot be justified. Perhaps a considera­ tion of the topics discussed in this monograph will stimulate in students an attitude to experimental results at onee more modest and more profound. The mathematical treatment throughout has been kept as simple as possible. It has seemed advisable, however, to explain the statistical concepts at the basis of the main considerations, and it is hoped that Chapter 2 contains as elementary an account of the leading statistical ideas involved as is possible in such small compass. It is a necessary link between the simple introduction to the nature and estimation of errors given in Chapter 1, and the theory of errors discussed in Chapter 3.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Errors of Observation1 Accidental and systematic errors -- 2 Errors and fractional errors -- 3 Estimate of error -- 4 Estimate of the error in compound quantities -- 5 Error in a product -- 6 Error in a quotient -- 7 Use of the calculus -- 8 Error in a sum or difference -- 2. Some Statistical Ideas -- 9 Frequency distributions -- 10 The mean -- 11 Relative frequency -- 12 The median -- 13 Frequency curves -- 14 Measures of dispersion -- 15 The range -- 16 The mean deviation -- 17 The standard deviation -- 18 Evaluation of standard deviation, ? -- 19 Sheppard’s correction -- 20 Charlier’s checks -- 21 The mean and standard deviation of a sum -- 22 Certain special frequency distributions -- 23 The binomial distribution -- 24 The Poisson distribution -- 25 The normal distribution -- 26 Relation between a normal and a binomial distribution -- 27 The mean deviation of a normal distribution -- 28 Area under the normal error curve -- 29 Sampling, standard error of the mean -- 30 Bessel’s formulae -- 31 Peters’ formulae -- 32 Fitting of a normal curve -- 33 Other frequency distributions -- 3. Theory of Errors -- 34 The normal or Gaussian law of error -- 35 Applicability of the normal law of error -- 36 Normal error distributions -- 37 Standard error of a sum or difference -- 38 Standard error of a product -- 39 Standard error of a compound quantity -- 40 Method of least squares -- 41 Weighted mean -- 42 Standard error of weighted mean -- 43 Internal and external consistency -- 44 Other applications of the method of least squares, solution of linear equations -- 45 Solution of linear equations involving observed quantities -- 46 Curve fitting -- 47 Line of regression -- 48 Accuracy of coefficients -- 49 Other curves -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6928-8
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    Fundamentals of Cybernetics (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468417043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
    Abstract: The development of science consists not only of deepening and widening the already established scientific disciplines but also depends on the emergence of new ones. The emergence and development of new sciences is influenced primarily by two factors: isolation and generalisation. Isolation of scientific disciplines is due to the discovery of new objects of investigation and the emergence of specific scientific trends. This leads to the study of a relatively narrow class of objects which are characterised by their specific approach to both the formulation and the solution of problems. Examples of this type of specific scientific diSciplines include, for instance, chemistry of high molecular compounds and the theory of electrical machines, which are both devoted to the study of a relatively narrow field. In addition there are the more general scientific disciplines, whose characteristics are that they are created for the purpose of studying such natural phenomena as occur in a very wide class of objects. Disciplines of this type are, for instance, the theory of dimensions and the theory of similarity, the theory of dynamic systems and thermodynamics. The very general, as opposed to the very specific, sciences tend by their nature to be more theoretical and depend much more on the language, mathematical or otherwise, used to describe them.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1704-3
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  • 70
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    Elements of Structural Geology (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400958432
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Domain and Content Of Structural GeologyII Depositional Textures and Structures -- III Non-Diastrophic Structures -- IV Physics of Deformation -- V Environment, Time, and Material -- Appendix: Mohr Diagrams 139 -- VI Planar And Linear Structures And Jointing -- VII Faults 164 -- VIII Folds -- IX Tectonic Analysis Of Folds -- X Cleavage -- XI Major Structures And Tectonics -- XII Igneous Rocks -- XIII Structural Petrology By E. Den Tex -- XIV Geomorphology And Structure - Morphotectonics -- Index Of Authors -- Index Of Subjects -- Index Of Localities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5843-2
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  • 71
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    The Scientific View of Sport : Perspectives, Aspects, Issues (1972)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    ISBN: 9783642654596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Medicine ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Medical sciences.
    Abstract: Perspectives of the Philosophy of Sport -- Sport as a Medium of Self- and Life-Fulfilment -- Sport as “Excess Strength” and a Root of Creative Living -- Sport as Play -- Sport as an Aesthetic Phenomenon -- Sport as “Ethical Training” -- Sport as a Reaction Compensating for and Adjusting to the Conditions of Living in the World of Industrial Labour -- Sport as a Sign-World -- Sport as Safety-Valve for Aggression, Instinctive Reaction for the Preservation of the Race, and Discharge through Appetency -- Sport as a Means in the Class Struggle, of Increasing Production and Overcoming Alienation -- Sport as Symbolized Father-Son Conflict and as Substitute Narcissistic Satisfaction -- Sport in Theological Perspective -- Sport in Catholic Theology in the 20th Century -- Problems and Trends in Protestant Theology -- Sport and Non-Christian Religions -- On Sociology of Sport — General Orientation and Its Trends in the Literature -- The Problem of Definition -- Methodological Approaches in Sociology of Sport -- Institutions and Disciplines Engaged in the Sociology of Sport -- Organization at the Material and Theoretical Levels -- Programmatic Theoretical and Methodological Discussions -- Sport and the Socio-Cultural System -- Sport as a Sub-System and Its Structure -- Sport and Institutions -- Sport and Social Problems -- Miscellaneous -- Summary and Conclusion -- Sport from the Educational and Psychological Points of View -- The Pedagogics of Sport in West European Countries -- Sport Psychology in West European Countries -- Sport Psychology in the Socialist Countries of Europe -- Sport Pedagogics in the United States -- Sport Psychology in North America -- Sport and Sport Psychology in Japan -- Contributions to Sport Medicine -- Lung Function, Respiration, and Metabolism in Sport -- Adaptation of Metabolism in Sport -- The Effects of Training on the Heart and Circulation -- Sport Injuries and Damage to the Locomotor System -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: progress and happiness - however these terms may be understood in detail - as a significant and constitutive element of scientific inquiry. In this sense the question of the way in which sport really benefits people and contributes to their happiness, and under which individual and social conditions, is a scientific question. It assumes special significance when the fact is taken into account that in the field of sport science a general scepticism is shown towards those dogmas and pedagogical theses which take such an interpretation for granted in the absence of a firm empirical foundation and a critically evolved theory. Sport and Sport Science Sport and exercise, physical culture and education in sport (physical training), gymnastics and touring combined with some form of sport are-as the present report distinctly shows-all over the world among the most striking social phenom­ ena of today. At first sight they seem to be uncomplicated, clear and comprehensible for everybody; they stand for a type of solidarity which is independent of differences in ideological-political outlook, and sometimes exhibit an almost archaic intensity and attraction; they are supported by the active participation or at least the interest of very many people in many parts of the world and are endued with specific func­ tions, varying in importance, of a medical (therapeutical, prophylactic, rehabilitative), pedagogical, psychological and social character.
    Description / Table of Contents: Perspectives of the Philosophy of SportSport as a Medium of Self- and Life-Fulfilment -- Sport as “Excess Strength” and a Root of Creative Living -- Sport as Play -- Sport as an Aesthetic Phenomenon -- Sport as “Ethical Training” -- Sport as a Reaction Compensating for and Adjusting to the Conditions of Living in the World of Industrial Labour -- Sport as a Sign-World -- Sport as Safety-Valve for Aggression, Instinctive Reaction for the Preservation of the Race, and Discharge through Appetency -- Sport as a Means in the Class Struggle, of Increasing Production and Overcoming Alienation -- Sport as Symbolized Father-Son Conflict and as Substitute Narcissistic Satisfaction -- Sport in Theological Perspective -- Sport in Catholic Theology in the 20th Century -- Problems and Trends in Protestant Theology -- Sport and Non-Christian Religions -- On Sociology of Sport - General Orientation and Its Trends in the Literature -- The Problem of Definition -- Methodological Approaches in Sociology of Sport -- Institutions and Disciplines Engaged in the Sociology of Sport -- Organization at the Material and Theoretical Levels -- Programmatic Theoretical and Methodological Discussions -- Sport and the Socio-Cultural System -- Sport as a Sub-System and Its Structure -- Sport and Institutions -- Sport and Social Problems -- Miscellaneous -- Summary and Conclusion -- Sport from the Educational and Psychological Points of View -- The Pedagogics of Sport in West European Countries -- Sport Psychology in West European Countries -- Sport Psychology in the Socialist Countries of Europe -- Sport Pedagogics in the United States -- Sport Psychology in North America -- Sport and Sport Psychology in Japan -- Contributions to Sport Medicine -- Lung Function, Respiration, and Metabolism in Sport -- Adaptation of Metabolism in Sport -- The Effects of Training on the Heart and Circulation -- Sport Injuries and Damage to the Locomotor System -- List of Contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-65459-6
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  • 72
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    Ultimate Strength and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Torsion and Bending / Résistance et dimensionnement des poutres en béton armé soumises à la torsion et à la flexion / Bruchwiderstand und Bemessung von Stahlbetonbalken unter Torsion und Biegung (1972)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034859547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-5954-7
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  • 73
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    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 4 (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461590538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 330 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: Information systems science is advancing in various directions with rapid strides. Many diversified ideas and methodologies have been revised and extended. Numerous new techniques and approaches have been con­ ceived and developed. Some recent advances are covered in this series. The fourth volume of this series provides in-depth discussions of some newly developed theories and techniques concerning computer language-level augmentation, time-sharing systems, text editing systems, grammars and automata, and error correcting codes in computer arithmetic. In Chapter 1, V. K. Smirnov presents an authoritative review of the augmentation of machine language level. He discusses the effects of ex­ tension of computer functions upon machine language and the influence of development of software systems upon the augmentation of computer language level. Some specific ways of augmenting the machine language level are examined. The problem of information organization, storage, search, and retrieval in a computer is studied. The introduction of higher-level languages has stimulated widespread applications of computers. Formal language theory has been recognized as a topic offundamental importance in the study of information systems science. In Chapter 2, M. A. Harrison examines the phrase-structure grammars, the right linear grammars, the context-free grammars, the LR(k) grammars, and the context-sensitive grammars. The author discusses the relations between mathematical models of computers and a family of formal lan­ guages. The language theory may stimulate new ideas for the augmentation of machine language level.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9053-8
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  • 74
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    Thermal Analysis : Volume 3: Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ceramics, Earth Science (1972)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034857758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 711 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry -- Survey of Multiple Mechanical Transitions in Polymers in Relation to Thermal Transitions -- La Préparation et Quelques Propriétés Thermiques des Mono- et Dihalogénures de L’Hydrazine -- Thermal Analysis of Aminobenzimidazoles -- Thermal Behaviour of Some Organic Compounds with Ionic Character -- Radiothermogravimetry a Technique for Determining Pyrolysis Mechanisms -- The Selection of Catalysts by Thermogravimetry -- Investigation of the Melting Behaviour of Organic Substances by Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- Identification par Analyse Thermique Differentielle et par Thermogravimetrie D’Une Serie D’Amino-Acides Aliphatiques Satures -- Characterization of Unusual Lipids by Novel Thermoanalytical Techniques -- Pressure Dependence of Phase Transitions in Bis (4’-n-Alkoxybenzal) -1,4-Phenylenediamines -- Acid-Soap Formation in Various Anhydrous Sodium Soaps -- The Evaluation of Thermosetting Polymers by Thermal Analytical Methods -- Torsional Braid Analysis of the Cure of a Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin -- Analysis of the Curing Reactions of Thermosetting Polymers by DSC -- Application of Thermal Analysis to Evaluation of Semiconductor Encapsulation -- Studies of the Thermal Breakdown of Polybenzimidazoles -- Investigations of Thermal Properties of Some Polyesterimides with Polynaphthalene Rings in the Side Chain -- Oxidative Thermal Degradation of Selected Polymeric Spacecraft Materials -- The Identification of High Polymers by Thermal Degradation in the Mass Spectrometer -- Investigations of the Stability of Polymers by Thermal Volatilization Analysis -- Evolved Gas Analysis Using an Ion Selective Electrode -- Quantitative Determination of the Combined Styrene in the Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers -- Differential-Thermo-, Thermo-Gravimetrische- und Infrarot-Spektralanalyse von Inden-Cumaron-Harzen -- Application of Simultaneous DTA/TG and DTA/MS Analysis for Predicting in Advance of Processing the Flammability and Toxicity of Gases of Composite Textile Fabrics and Polymers -- Low Temperature Isothermal Pyrolysis of Cellulose -- Thermogravimetry of Cellulose by Gamma-Ray Absorption -- The Kinetics of the Reaction of CO2 with Cellulose Triacetate Carbons in the Range 1160–1240K -- A Study of Reaction Mechanisms by DSC and TG -- Thermal Nalysis of Lignin -- Etude de la Vitesse de Cristallisation de Divers PP -- Thermal Analyses of Polymers. IX. First order Phenomena in Polystyrene -- Multiple Transitional Regions Observed in Several Free-Radical Polymerized Polymethacrylates by Thermal, Ultrasonic and Optical Techniques -- Melting of some Aromatic and Heterocyclic Oligomers -- Transition and Relaxations in Polyquinoxalines -- The Characterisation of Textile Fibre Blends Containing Polyamide by Differential Thermal Analysis -- The Sol-Gel Transition in Polysaccharide Gels -- The Thermal Behaviour of Modified Keratins -- Ceramics -- Calculation of Phase Boundaries by Thermochemical Methods in Contrast to Thermal Analysis -- Appl?cat?on of Mathemat?cal Stat?st?cs and Pattern Recogn?t?on Methods to the Evaluat?on of DTA Results -- Dilatometric Study of Consolidated Powdered Materials -- Interest of Thermal Analysis in Gypsum and Plaster Industry -- Investigation of the Solid Solutions of Calcium Hydrogermanosilicates by Thermal Analysis and Other Physico-Chemical Methods -- DTA and X-Ray Analysis on Phase Transitions and Compatibility Relationships in the Pseudobinary System Barium Metasilicate-Barium Metagermanate -- The Use Differential-Thermal, Thermogravimetric and Gas-Volumetric Analyses to Study Peculiar Crystalline Structure of Calcium Hydrosilicate Monocrystals -- Study of the Hydration of Vitreous Blastfurnace Slag with a High Magnesia Content and of Related Materials -- Differential Thermal Analysis as Applied for the Study of the Peculiar Phase Composition and Structure of the Cement Stone Hardened Under Long Effects of High Temperatures//Pressures and Corrosion Factors -- Kinetics of the Oxidation of TiC-Coated Cemented Carbide -- Untersuchungen der Oxidation von Titankarbid -- Reactions between Vanadium Pentoxide and Aluminates -- Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction Between Lead Orthosilicate and Potassium Carbonate -- Examination of the System: “Clinker + Gypsum + Water” through the Method of Differential Thermal Analysis -- Earth Sciences -- Thermal Analysis in Earth Science: Experience and Expectations -- Petrologische Anwendung der Inversionstemperatur-Bestimmung von Quarzen -- DTA in the Characterization of Adsorbent Clays -- Examination of Hydrothermal Rock Alterations with Derivatograph -- DTA of Various Cyclohexylammonium Smectites -- The Dissociation of Strontianite and Its Quantitative Estimation by Thermogravimetry -- DTA, TG, IR and Isotopic Analyses and Properties of Phlogopite, Biotite Muscovite and Lepidolite in Temperature Range of Metamorphic Reactions -- A DTA Study of the Effect of pH on the Adsorption of N-Dodecylamine from Aqueous Solution Onto Oxide Mineral Surfaces.
    Abstract: Earlier efforts in the field of thermal analysis were concerned with the demonstration of the applicability of techniques to a broad spectrum of materials and to establish the relationship of such techniques with other more accepted method. While such efforts will and should continue, the Third International Conference was unique in that the first standards were disclosed for differential thermal analysis. This was the culmination of the international, cooperative effort of the ICTA's Standardization Committee. The standards currently are available from the United State's National Bureau of Standards. Thus, thermal analysis can be considered to have attained its majority. Reali­ zation of full maturity can be expected in the near future. Inclusion of plenary lectures in these volumes represents a significant de­ parture from previous Conferences. This change is the result of the ICTA's recognition of its educational responsibilities. In the Foreword of the Proceedings of the Second Inernational Conference, Professor L. Berg expressed the hope that thermal methods of analysis would find wider application in science and technology. The citation above, together with the papers presented, indicate the fulfillment of this hope. Xerox Corporation C.B. Murphy Rochester, N. Y., U.S.A. President, ICTA, 1968-1971 XIII PREFACE For the past two decades thermo analytical methods have reached a stage of considerable importance, which is particularly due to the developments in the area of instrumentation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-5775-8
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  • 75
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    Viability of Seeds (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956858
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Storage environment and the control of viability -- 3 Microflora and seed deterioration -- 4 Effects of mechanical injuries on viability -- 5 Effects of environment before harvesting on viability -- 6 Effects of environment after sowing on viability -- 7 The measurement of viability -- 8 Vigour -- 9 Cytological, genetical, and metabolic changes associated with loss of viability -- 10 Loss of viability and crop yields -- 11 Dormancy: a factor affecting seed survival in the soil -- 12 Control mechanisms in the resting seed -- Appendix 1 Organisation of the United States National Seed Storage Laboratory / Edwin James -- Appendix 2 Organisation of the National Seed Storage Laboratory for Genetic Resources in Japan / Hiroshi Ito -- Appendix 3 Viability Nomographs / E. H. Roberts and Dorothy L. Roberts -- Appendix 4 Moisture content of seeds / E. H. Roberts and Dorothy L. Roberts.
    Abstract: From prehistoric times man has had a pecial s relationship with seed plants - as a source of food, materials for tools, buildings, clothing and pharmaceuticals, and for ornamenting his surroundings for his own delight (probably in that chronological order which, incidentally, also gives some indication ofthe priorities oflife). Today man's most important staple foods are derived directly from seeds as they have been since neolithic times. (It is a sobering thought, as Harlan* has pointed out, that nothing significant has been added to his diet since then. ) From those times he must have learned to collect, conserve and cultivate seeds; and the accumulated experience has been handed down. This book then is part of an ancient tradition, for here we are still primarily concerned with these skills. Seeds are plant propagules comprised of embryos in which growth has been suspended, usually supplied with their own food reserves and protected by special covering layers. Typically they are relatively dry structures compared with other plant tissues and, in this condi­ tion) they are resistant to the ravages of time and their environment. But resistant is a relative tenn and seeds do deteriorate: the type, the extent and the rapidity of the deterioration, and the factors which control it are important to agronomists, horticulturalists, plant breeders, seedsmen, seed analysts, and those concerned with the conservation of genetic resources.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Storage environment and the control of viability -- 3 Microflora and seed deterioration -- 4 Effects of mechanical injuries on viability -- 5 Effects of environment before harvesting on viability -- 6 Effects of environment after sowing on viability -- 7 The measurement of viability -- 8 Vigour -- 9 Cytological, genetical, and metabolic changes associated with loss of viability -- 10 Loss of viability and crop yields -- 11 Dormancy: a factor affecting seed survival in the soil -- 12 Control mechanisms in the resting seed -- Appendix 1 Organisation of the United States National Seed Storage Laboratory / Edwin James -- Appendix 2 Organisation of the National Seed Storage Laboratory for Genetic Resources in Japan / Hiroshi Ito -- Appendix 3 Viability Nomographs / E. H. Roberts and Dorothy L. Roberts -- Appendix 4 Moisture content of seeds / E. H. Roberts and Dorothy L. Roberts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5685-8
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  • 76
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    Speech Analysis Synthesis and Perception (1972)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    ISBN: 9783662015629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 446 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second, Expanded Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Kommunikation und Kybernetik in Einzeldarstellugen 3
    Series Statement: Communication and Cybernetics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Voice Communication -- 1.1. The Advent of Telephony -- 1.2. Efficient Transmission of Speech -- 1.3. Capacity of the Human Channel -- 1.4. Analysis-Synthesis Telephony: An Approach to Improved Efficiency -- II. The Mechanism of Speech Production -- 2.1. Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus -- 2.2. The Sounds of Speech -- 2.3. Quantitative Description of Speech -- III. Acoustical Properties of the Vocal System -- 3.1. The Vocal Tract as an Acoustic System -- 3.2. Equivalent Circuit for the Lossy Cylindrical Pipe -- 3.3. The Radiation Load at the Mouth and Nostrils -- 3.4. Spreading of Sound About the Head -- 3.5. The Source for Voiced Sounds -- 3.6. The Source for Noise and Transient Excitation of the Tract -- 3.7. Some Characteristics of Vocal Tract Transmission -- 3.8. Fundamentals of Speech and Hearing in Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- IV. The Ear and Hearing -- 4.1. Mechanism of the Ear -- 4.2. Computational Models for Ear Function -- 4.3. Illustrative Relations between Subjective and Physiological Behavior -- V. Techniques for Speech Analysis -- 5.1. Spectral Analysis of Speech -- 5.2. Formant Analysis of Speech -- 5.3. Analysis of Voice Pitch -- 5.4. Articulatory Analysis of the Vocal Mechanism -- 5.5. Automatic Recognition of Speech -- 5.6. Automatic Recognition and Verification of Speakers -- VI. Speech Synthesis -- 6.1. Mechanical Speaking Machines; Historical Efforts -- 6.2. Electrical Methods for Speech Synthesis -- VII. Perception of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds -- 7.1, Differential vs. Absolute Discrimination -- 7.2. Differential Discriminations Along Signal Dimensions Related to Speech -- 7.3. Absolute Discrimination of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds -- 7.4. Effects of Context and Vocabulary upon Speech Perception -- 7.5. The Perceptual Units of Speech -- 7.6. Subjective Evaluation of Transmission Systems -- 7.7. Calculating Intelligibility Scores from System Response and Noise Level: The Articulation Index -- 7.8. Supplementary Sensory Channels for Speech Perception -- VIII. Systems for Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- 8.1. Channel Vocoders -- 8.2. Reduced Redundancy Channel Vocoders -- 8.3. Voice-Excited Vocoders -- 8.4. Correlation Vocoders -- 8.5. Formant Vocoders -- 8.6. Orthogonal Function Vocoders -- 8.7. Homomorphic Vocoders -- 8.8. Maximum Likelihood Vocoders -- 8.9. Linear Prediction Vocoders -- 8.10. Articulatory Vocoders -- 8.11. Frequency-Dividing Vocoders -- 8.12. Time-Assignment Transmission of Speech -- 8.13. Predictive Coding of Speech -- 8.14. Delta Modulation -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The first edition of this book has enjoyed a gratifying existence. 1s­ sued in 1965, it found its intended place as a research reference and as a graduate-Ievel text. Research laboratories and universities reported broad use. Published reviews-some twenty-five in number-were universally kind. Subsequently the book was translated and published in Russian (Svyaz; Moscow, 1968) and Spanish (Gredos, S.A.; Madrid, 1972). Copies of the first edition have been exhausted for several years, but demand for the material continues. At the behest of the publisher, and with the encouragement of numerous colleagues, a second edition was begun in 1970. The aim was to retain the original format, but to expand the content, especially in the areas of digital communications and com­ puter techniques for speech signal processing. As before, the intended audience is the graduate-Ievel engineer and physicist, but the psycho­ physicist, phonetician, speech scientist and linguist should find material of interest.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-01562-9
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  • 77
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    The Principles of Insect Physiology (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400959736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Seventh Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Development in the Egg -- References -- II The Integument -- Properties of the cuticle -- Formation and shedding of the cuticle -- References -- III Growth -- Moulting -- Metamorphosis -- Determination of characters during post-embryonic development -- Regeneration -- Diapause -- References -- IV Muscular System and Locomotion -- Anatomy and histology -- Physiological properties of insect muscles -- Locomotion -- References -- V Nervous and Endocrine Systems -- Nervous system -- Visceral nervous system -- Endocrine system -- References -- VI Sense Organs: Vision -- Compound eye -- Simple eyes -- References -- VII Sense Organs: Mechanical and Chemical Senses -- Mechanical senses -- Hearing -- Chemical senses -- Temperature and humidity -- References -- VIII Behaviour -- Kinesis and related phenomena -- Orientation -- Co-ordinated behaviour -- References -- IX Respiration -- Tracheal system -- Development of the tracheal system -- Transport of oxygen to the tracheal endings -- Elimination of carbon dioxide -- Respiration of aquatic insects -- Respiration of endoparasitic insects -- Respiratory function of the blood -- Regulation of respiratory movements -- References -- X The Circulatory System and Associated Tissues -- Circulatory system -- Haemolymph -- Haemocytes -- Pericardial cells and so-called ‘nephrocytes’ -- Fat body -- Oenocytes -- Light-producing organs -- References -- XI Digestion and Nutrition -- Fore-gut -- Peritrophic membrane -- Mid-gut -- Hind-gut -- Secretions of the alimentary canal -- Digestion of some skeletal and other substances of plants and animals -- The role of lower organisms in digestion -- Nutrition -- References -- XII Excretion -- Urine -- Intermediary nitrogen metabolism -- Malpighian tubes -- Histophysiology of the Malpighian tubes -- Accessory functions of Malpighian tubes -- Malpighian tubes during moulting and metamorphosis -- Cephalic excretory organs and intestinal excretion -- Storage excretion -- References -- XIII Metabolism -- Chemical transformations -- Some chemical products of insects -- Pigment metabolism -- Respiratory metabolism -- References -- XIV Water and Temperature -- Water relations -- Temperature relations -- References -- XV Reproductive System -- Female reproductive system -- Male reproductive system -- Mating, impregnation and fertilization -- Some factors controlling fertility and fecundity -- Special modes of reproduction -- Sex determination -- Transmission of symbiotic micro-organisms -- References -- Index of Authors -- General Index.
    Abstract: INSECTS PROVIDE an ideal medium in which to study all the problems of physiology. But if this medium is to be used to the best advantage, the principles and peculiarities of the insect's organization must be first appreciated. It is the purpose of this book to set forth these principles so far as they are understood at the present day. There exist already many excellent text-books of general ento­ mology; notably those of Imms, Weber, and Snodgrass, to mention only the more recent. But these authors have necessarily been preoccupied chiefly with describing the diversity of form among insects; discussions on function being correspondingly condensed. In the present work the emphasis is reversed. Struc­ ture is described only to an extent sufficient to make the physiological argument intelligible. Every anatomical peculiarity, every ecological specialization, has indeed its physiological counterpart. In that sense, anatomy, physiology and ecology are not separable. But regarded from the standpoint from which the present work is written, the endless modifications that are met with among insects are but illustrations of the general principles of their physiology, which it is the aim of this book to set forth. Completeness in such a work is not possible, or desirable; but an endeavour has been made to illustrate each physiological characteristic by a few concrete examples, and to include sufficient references to guide the student to the more important sources. The physiology of insects is to some the handmaid of Economic Entomology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Development in the EggReferences -- II The Integument -- Properties of the cuticle -- Formation and shedding of the cuticle -- References -- III Growth -- Moulting -- Metamorphosis -- Determination of characters during post-embryonic development -- Regeneration -- Diapause -- References -- IV Muscular System and Locomotion -- Anatomy and histology -- Physiological properties of insect muscles -- Locomotion -- References -- V Nervous and Endocrine Systems -- Nervous system -- Visceral nervous system -- Endocrine system -- References -- VI Sense Organs: Vision -- Compound eye -- Simple eyes -- References -- VII Sense Organs: Mechanical and Chemical Senses -- Mechanical senses -- Hearing -- Chemical senses -- Temperature and humidity -- References -- VIII Behaviour -- Kinesis and related phenomena -- Orientation -- Co-ordinated behaviour -- References -- IX Respiration -- Tracheal system -- Development of the tracheal system -- Transport of oxygen to the tracheal endings -- Elimination of carbon dioxide -- Respiration of aquatic insects -- Respiration of endoparasitic insects -- Respiratory function of the blood -- Regulation of respiratory movements -- References -- X The Circulatory System and Associated Tissues -- Circulatory system -- Haemolymph -- Haemocytes -- Pericardial cells and so-called ‘nephrocytes’ -- Fat body -- Oenocytes -- Light-producing organs -- References -- XI Digestion and Nutrition -- Fore-gut -- Peritrophic membrane -- Mid-gut -- Hind-gut -- Secretions of the alimentary canal -- Digestion of some skeletal and other substances of plants and animals -- The role of lower organisms in digestion -- Nutrition -- References -- XII Excretion -- Urine -- Intermediary nitrogen metabolism -- Malpighian tubes -- Histophysiology of the Malpighian tubes -- Accessory functions of Malpighian tubes -- Malpighian tubes during moulting and metamorphosis -- Cephalic excretory organs and intestinal excretion -- Storage excretion -- References -- XIII Metabolism -- Chemical transformations -- Some chemical products of insects -- Pigment metabolism -- Respiratory metabolism -- References -- XIV Water and Temperature -- Water relations -- Temperature relations -- References -- XV Reproductive System -- Female reproductive system -- Male reproductive system -- Mating, impregnation and fertilization -- Some factors controlling fertility and fecundity -- Special modes of reproduction -- Sex determination -- Transmission of symbiotic micro-organisms -- References -- Index of Authors -- General Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5973-6
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  • 78
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    Engineering Tables and Data (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401093149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: General -- The Greek alphabet -- SI units -- Other metric units -- Multiples and submultiples -- Conversion factors -- Mathematics -- Logarithms, base 10 -- Natural sines, natural cosines -- Natural tangents, natural cotangents -- Degrees to radians, etc. -- Logarithms of factorials -- Circular functions -- Exponential funefons -- Constants -- Binomial coefficients -- Series -- Fourier series for certain waveforms -- Trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions -- Trigonometric relations -- Hyperbolic relations -- Differentials -- Indefinite integrals -- Definite integrals -- Fourier transform -- Laplace transform -- Complex variable -- Algebraic equations -- Differential equations -- Vector analysis -- Matrices -- Properties of plane curves and figures -- Moments of inertia, etc., of rigid bodies -- Numerical analysis -- Statistics -- Properties of matter -- Physical constants -- The periodic table -- Atomic properties of the elements -- Physical properties of solids -- Mechanical properties of solids -- Work functions -- Properties of semiconductors -- Properties of ferromagnetic materials -- Superconducting materials -- Properties of liquids -- Thermodynamic properties of fluids -- Properties of gases -- Thermochemical data for equilibrium reactions -- Thermodynamics and fluid mechanics -- Thermodynamic relations -- Equations for fluid flow -- Dimensionless groups -- Convective heat transfer: empirical formulae -- Black-body radiation -- Generalized compressibility chart -- Tables for compressible flow of a perfect gas -- Oblique shocks: shock-wave angle versus flow-deflection angle -- Oblique shocks: pressure ratio and downstream Mach number -- Coefficient of friction for pipes -- Coefficients of loss for pipe fittings -- Boundary-layer friction and drag -- Open-channel flow -- Elasticity and structures -- Two-dimensional stress and strain -- Three-dimensional stress and strain -- Bending of laterally loaded plates -- Torsion -- Yield criteria -- Beams and structural members -- Stability functions for uniform sections -- Dimensions and properties of British Standard sections to B.S.4. -- Mechanics -- Statics -- Kinematics -- Dynamics -- Vibrations -- Electricity -- Electromagnetism -- Linear passive circuits -- Rectangular waveguides -- Resonant cavities -- Radiation and aerials -- Poles and zeros -- Linear active circuits -- Transistor equivalent circuits -- Electrical machines -- Solid-state electronic properties -- Miscellaneous -- Gauges for wire and sheet metal -- Standard screw threads -- References.
    Abstract: This book brings together information which is used by engineers, and needed especially by students of engineering, but difficult to find in a collected form. In this respect engineering, perhaps because it is more often divided into separate branches, has so far been less well served than the other physical sciences; we hope to have in part redressed the balance. The contents are designed chiefly for engineering students of all kinds in universities and colleges, but they should also prove useful to practising engineers as a general reference. There was some difficulty in choosing numerical values for parts of the section Properties of Matter. Information was culled from a range of sources which sometimes show an alarming lack of consistency. Given a choice, we have used values which are either average or more likely to be reliable. The degree of tolerance required varies very widely between, for example, the precision to which thermodynamic proper­ ties of steam are known and the uncertainty in those mechanical properties of solids which depend strongly on quality and preparation. The tables on pages 4-12 inclusive are reproduced from S.M.P. Advanced Tables by permission of Cambridge University Press. The tables on pages 35 and 36 are reproduced from Elementary Statistical Tables: lindley and Miller, h./ permission of Cambridge University Press. The tables on pages 37 and 38 are reproduced by permission of the Biometrika Trustees.
    Description / Table of Contents: GeneralThe Greek alphabet -- SI units -- Other metric units -- Multiples and submultiples -- Conversion factors -- Mathematics -- Logarithms, base 10 -- Natural sines, natural cosines -- Natural tangents, natural cotangents -- Degrees to radians, etc. -- Logarithms of factorials -- Circular functions -- Exponential funefons -- Constants -- Binomial coefficients -- Series -- Fourier series for certain waveforms -- Trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions -- Trigonometric relations -- Hyperbolic relations -- Differentials -- Indefinite integrals -- Definite integrals -- Fourier transform -- Laplace transform -- Complex variable -- Algebraic equations -- Differential equations -- Vector analysis -- Matrices -- Properties of plane curves and figures -- Moments of inertia, etc., of rigid bodies -- Numerical analysis -- Statistics -- Properties of matter -- Physical constants -- The periodic table -- Atomic properties of the elements -- Physical properties of solids -- Mechanical properties of solids -- Work functions -- Properties of semiconductors -- Properties of ferromagnetic materials -- Superconducting materials -- Properties of liquids -- Thermodynamic properties of fluids -- Properties of gases -- Thermochemical data for equilibrium reactions -- Thermodynamics and fluid mechanics -- Thermodynamic relations -- Equations for fluid flow -- Dimensionless groups -- Convective heat transfer: empirical formulae -- Black-body radiation -- Generalized compressibility chart -- Tables for compressible flow of a perfect gas -- Oblique shocks: shock-wave angle versus flow-deflection angle -- Oblique shocks: pressure ratio and downstream Mach number -- Coefficient of friction for pipes -- Coefficients of loss for pipe fittings -- Boundary-layer friction and drag -- Open-channel flow -- Elasticity and structures -- Two-dimensional stress and strain -- Three-dimensional stress and strain -- Bending of laterally loaded plates -- Torsion -- Yield criteria -- Beams and structural members -- Stability functions for uniform sections -- Dimensions and properties of British Standard sections to B.S.4. -- Mechanics -- Statics -- Kinematics -- Dynamics -- Vibrations -- Electricity -- Electromagnetism -- Linear passive circuits -- Rectangular waveguides -- Resonant cavities -- Radiation and aerials -- Poles and zeros -- Linear active circuits -- Transistor equivalent circuits -- Electrical machines -- Solid-state electronic properties -- Miscellaneous -- Gauges for wire and sheet metal -- Standard screw threads -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9314-9
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  • 79
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    Law and Logic : A Critical Account of Legal Argument (1972)
    Vienna : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783709171110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Exact Philosophy 8
    Series Statement: LEP Library of Exact Philosophy 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: General Introduction -- I The German Discussion -- 1 A Pseudoformalistic Position: Klug -- 2 Two Nonformalistic Positions: Engisch and Simitis -- 3 An Axiologistic Position: Heller -- II The Belgian Discussion -- 1. Perelman and Kazemier on the Logical Specificity of Law -- 2. Kalinowski’s Denial of the Specificity of Legal Logic -- 3. Kalinowski on Interpretation: (i) Authenticity, Meaning, and the Resolution of Contradictions -- 4. Kalinowski on Interpretation: (ii) The Elimination of Lacunae -- 5. Feys and Motte on “Legal Logic, Legal Systems” -- 6. Perelman on “Formal Logic, Legal Logic” -- 7. Gregorowicz on “the Argument a Maiori ad Minus and the Problem of Legal Logic”: (i) General Stand, and Views Disavowed -- 8. Gregorowicz on “the Argument a Maiori ad Minus and the Problem of Legal Logic”: (ii) Views Avowed and Constructive Ideas -- Conclusion and Supplementary Observations -- III The Discussion in the English-Speaking Countries -- 1. Stone on “Uses and Limitations of Formal Logic in Legal Reasoning” -- 2. Levi: Legal Argument as a Reflection of Social Change -- 3. Hart on “the Ascription of Responsibility and Rights” -- 4. Hart on “Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence” -- 5. Jensen: Legal Argument as a Nonlogical Mode of Decision -- 6. Toulmin: Legal Argument as Archetype of Argument in General -- 7. Hart on “Formalism and Rule-Scepticism” -- Conclusion and Supplementary Observations -- General Conclusion -- Concerning the Third Edition of Klug’s “Juristische Logik” -- List of References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This book has two related aims: to investigate the frequently voiced claim that legal argument is nonformal in nature and, within the limits of such an investigation, to ascertain the most general proper­ ties of law as a rational system. Examination of a number of views of legal argument, selected from recent discussions in Germany, Belgium, and the English-speaking countries, will lead to the follow­ ing main conclusions. The nonformalistic conceptions of the logic of legal argument are ambiguous and unclear. Moreover, insofar as these conceptions are capable of clarification in the light of recent analytical methodology, they can be seen to be either mistaken or else compatible with the formalistic position. Because law is socially directive and coordinative, it is dependent upon theoretical psycho­ sociology and calls, in principle, for a deontic and inductive logic. The primary function of legal argument is to provide continuing reinterpretation and confirmation of legal rules, conceived as theo­ retical prescriptions. On the basis of this conception, the old juris­ prudential conflict between formalism and rule-scepticism appears substantially resolved. Aristotle, the founder of the theory of argument, conceived it as "the science of establishing conclusions" (bnO'l;~fl'YJ &no~e!"u,,~), designed to guide people in rational argumentation. In time, how­ ever, logic forsook its practical function and developed as a highly abstract and disinterested study, today called "formal logic"; and the theory of practical argument was either neglected or relegated to an appendix to rhetoric.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7111-0
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  • 80
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    Meaning and Existence in Mathematics (1972)
    Vienna : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783709171134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Exact Philosophy 9
    Series Statement: LEP Library of Exact Philosophy 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Extension and Intension -- 1.1 The Basic Doctrine -- 1.2 A Set-theoretic Formulation -- 1.3 Extension and Intension in Formalized Theories -- 1.4 Intension as Comprehension -- 1.5 Calculi of Extensions and Intensions -- 1.6 Extension and Intension of Theories -- 1.7 Intension as Connotation: Core Intension -- 1.8 Vagueness -- 1.9 Intensional Autonomy -- 2. Meaning -- 2.1 Correspondence and Coherence Views -- 2.2 Meaning as Intension/Extension -- 2.3 Meaning of Constructs in Mathematical Theories -- 2.4 Meaning in Formal Theories -- 2.5 C. I. Lewis on Meaning -- 2.6 Truth in Theory and Truth in Practice -- 2.7 Nonexistent Possibles -- 3. Existence -- 3.1 The Thesis that Existence is Consistency -- 3.2 Empiricist Notions of Existence -- 3.3 Objectivity and Evidence -- 3.4 A Seasoned Constructivism: Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology -- 3.5 Heuristics and Mathematical Existence -- 3.6 Style -- 3.7 Sets and the Semantics of Mathematics -- 3.8 Categories and the De-ontologization of Mathematics -- 4. Reduction -- 4.1 Reduction in Mathematics -- 4.2 Meaning-preserving Correspondences -- 4.3 Explanation v. Reduction -- 4.4 Ontological Commitment -- 4.5 Ontological Reduction -- Index of Names -- Partial List of Symbols.
    Abstract: The take-over of the philosophy of mathematics by mathematical logic is not complete. The central problems examined in this book lie in the fringe area between the two, and by their very nature will no doubt continue to fall partly within the philosophical re­ mainder. In seeking to treat these problems with a properly sober mixture of rhyme and reason, I have tried to keep philosophical jargon to a minimum and to avoid excessive mathematical compli­ cation. The reader with a philosophical background should be familiar with the formal syntactico-semantical explications of proof and truth, especially if he wishes to linger on Chapter 1, after which it is easier philosophical sailing; while the mathematician need only know that to "explicate" a concept consists in clarifying a heretofore vague notion by proposing a clearer (sometimes formal) definition or formulation for it. More seriously, the interested mathematician will find occasional recourse to EDWARD'S Encyclopedia of Philos­ ophy (cf. bibliography) highly rewarding. Sections 2. 5 and 2. 7 are of interest mainly to philosophers. The bibliography only contains works referred to in the text. References are made by giving the author's surname followed by the year of publication, the latter enclosed in parentheses. When the author referred to is obvious from the context, the surname is dropped, and even the year of publication or "ibid. " may be dropped when the same publication is referred to exclusively over the course of several paragraphs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7113-4
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  • 81
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    Cross-Magnetic Turbulent Diffusion of Charged Particles in a Weakly Ionized Plasma (1972)
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
    Details
    ISBN: 9783322878519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen 2282
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-87851-9
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  • 82
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    Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461582557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Biological Corrosion -- 2 Ellipsometry in Corrosion Technology -- 3 Stress-Corrosion Cracking of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8255-7
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  • 83
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    Sensory Coding in the mammalian nervous system (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468481907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 386 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Neuroscience Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1: Assumptions -- 2: Methods -- 3: Signalling in the Nervous System -- II: The First-Order Code -- 4: Variables of the Sensory Code -- 5: Direct Contact with the World -- 6: The Inner Senses -- 7: The External Chemical Senses -- 8: The Inner Ear -- 9: The Photoreceptors of the Retina -- III: Coding in the Center -- 10: Approaches to Brain Function -- 11: Sensory Synaptic Cascades -- 12: Central Coding in the Somatic Senses -- 13: The Central Code of Hearing -- 14: The Central Code of Sight -- 15: The Central Code of the Chemical Senses -- IV: Postscript -- V: Literature -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Great advances have been made in the area of sensory physiology during the last few decades, and these developments seem to be asking for a comprehensive review that is manageable in size and cohesive in content. This volume has been written with that goal in mind. In the first place I would like to thank Mr. R. van Frank of Appleton-Century-Crofts for asking me to do the job, and my wife for persuading me to do it, for writing it was an enjoyable task. Much of the discussion of factual data set to print here evolved in question-and-answer sessions in courses given to students in physiology, psychology, and medicine, and to physicians training in neurology, neurosur­ gery, and psychiatry. Besides my students, I had in mind while preparing this text my professional colleagues laboring on their lecture notes under circum­ stances perhaps not unlike my own. The material is divided in two parts. The first deals with the manner of representation of sensory information in peripheral nerves: the so-called first order code. The second half of the text deals with the handling of sense data by the central nervous system. One reason for dividing the material in this way is that many of the features of the first-order code are common to all sensory modalities. The intensity, the place, the rhythm, the "quality" of stimuli are encoded by rules which are applicable, albeit with appropriate modifications, to all senses. Furthermore, these rules of coding are today rather well understood.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8190-7
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  • 84
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    The Hall Effect in Metals and Alloys (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475704655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Dynamics of Electrons in Metals: Low-Temperature Effects.. -- 1.1. Theoretical Conditions -- 1.2. Definition of the Hall Effect -- 1.3. Semiclassical Electronic Motion with Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 1.4. Quantum Effects -- 1.5. Size Effects -- 2 The Hall Effect in Limiting Cases -- 2.1. The Hall Effect in the Classical High-Field Limit -- 2.2. The Hall Effect in the Low-Field Limit -- 2.3. The Hall Effect in the Two-Band Model -- 3 The Hall Effect in Nearly-Free-Electron Metals -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The Harrison Construction -- 3.3. The Examples of Al and In -- 4 The Hall Effect in Group 1B Metals -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Hall Effect in the Pure Group 1B Metals -- 4.3. The Hall Effect in Very Dilute Alloys -- 4.4. The Hall Effect in Alloys with B-Metal Solutes -- 5 The Hall Effect in Magnetic Metals -- 5.1. Phenomenological Aspects -- 5.2. Some Conduction-Electron Spin Interactions -- 5.3. Survey of the Theoretical Developments -- 6Experimental Techniques and the Hall Effect in Unusual Conditions -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Sources of Error -- 6.3. Methods with Electrical Contact to the Sample -- 6.4. Methods without Contacts -- 6.5. Measurements under Unusual Conditions -- 7 A Guide to the Literature for Metallic Elements and Binary Metallic Alloys -- Appendix A Derivation of Expression (2.59) -- Appendix B Units and Conversion Factors -- Notes Added in Proof -- Author Index.
    Abstract: I hope this book will be useful to at least two groups of individuals: the nonspecialist reader with a general knowledge of solid-state science and seeking an introduction to the theory and practice of the Hall effect in metals, and the specialist seeking a contemporary review of the relevant literature. The literature has been surveyed thoroughly up to the middle of 1970, while the more accessible journals have been followed to late 1970. I have been selective in cases where there is a great volume of literature, particu­ larly in the case of old or obscure measurements of low accuracy, but in all cases I have tried to present the reader with sufficient information to judge whether a particular reference matches his interest and is therefore worth tracing. I compiled the book from reading the original publications, but inevitably there will be errors arising in transcription or inadvertent omissions. I hope the reader finding these will be charitable enough to write to me. lt is a pleasure to acknowledge the numerous useful discussions I have had at various times with associates and colleagues, particularly Drs. Mme M. T. Beal-Monod, J. E. A. Alderson, R. D. Barnard, T. Farrell, and P. Monod. Their influence appears at various points in the text-although, of course, they must not be held responsible for anything I have written.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0465-5
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  • 85
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    An Introduction to Computer Simulation in Applied Science (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468419740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer simulation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials Science -- I. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
    Abstract: This set of lectures is the outgrowth of a new course in the Department of Materials Science at Stanford University. It was taught collectively by the authors of the various sections and represents an attempt to increase the awareness of students in the materials area of computer simulation techniques and potentialities. The topics often ranged far afield from the materials area; however, the total package served the intended purpose of being an initiation into the world of computer simulation and, as such, made a useful first iteration to the intended purpose. The second iteration, which is in process, deals exclusively with the materials area. The course was designed to teach students a new way to wrestle with "systems" problems in the materials science work area that require the synthesis and interactions of several disciplines of knowledge. This course was a response to the realization that effective handling of real problems, which are essentially systems problems, is one of the most important at­ tributes of a graduate materials scientist. About a third of the course was devoted to the student's selected problem, in the materials area, which he simulated using the digital computer.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials ScienceI. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1974-0
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 86
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    The Biology of Alcoholism : Volume 1: Biochemistry (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461565253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 630 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Absorption, Diffusion, Distribution, and Elimination of Ethanol: Effects on Biological Membranes -- The Metabolism of Alcohol in Normals and Alcoholics: Enzymes -- Effect of Ethanol on Intracellular Respiration and Cerebral Function -- Effect of Ethanol on Neurohumoral Amine Metabolism -- The Role of Acetaldehyde in the Actions of Ethanol -- The Effect of Alcohol on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Carbohydrate Metabolism in Alcoholics -- Protein, Nucleotide, and Porphyrin Metabolism -- Effects of Ethanol on Lipid, Uric Acid, Intermediary, and Drug Metabolism, Including the Pathogenesis of the Alcoholic Fatty Liver -- Biochemistry of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease in Alcoholism -- Alcohol and Vitamin Metabolism -- The Effect of Alcohol on Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism -- Mineral Metabolism in Alcoholism -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interrelationships -- Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Alcohol -- Biochemical Mechanisms of Alcohol Addiction -- Methods for the Determination of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde -- The Chemistry of Alcoholic Beverages.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6525-3
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  • 87
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    Current Problems in Fertility : Based on the IFA Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, April 2-4, 1970. Sponsored by Åhlen-stiftelsen, Sven och Dagmar Saléns stiftelse, and Roland Lundborg, M.D (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461586517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Insemination in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Culture of Human Male Germ Cells in Vitro -- Preservation of Human Sperm by Liquid Nitrogen Vapor Freezing -- Motility and Morphology of Human Sperms after Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen -- Some Problems Involved in Freezing and Insemination With Human Sperm -- Oxygen Consumption of Human Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma -- Extracellular Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase as a Measure on Membrane Injury in Spermatozoa During Treatment -- The Effect of Tubal Sperm Concentration on the Rate of Development of Swine Ova and Blastocysts -- The Practical Use of DF-Semen on Cattle in Sweden -- A Male Sexual Cycle -- Transplantation in Gynecology -- Transplantation of Gynecological Organs: Ethical Problems -- Medical Aspects on Transplantations in Gynecology -- Immunodepression: I. Principles -- Immunodepression: II. Radiologic and Pharmacologic Treatment -- Immunosuppressive Regimes Directed at the Lymphocyte -- Transplantation of Ovaries -- Significance of Transplantation of the Uterus and the Fallopian Tubes -- Anastomosis of Small Vessels -- Autotransplantation of the Uterine Horns and Ovaries in Female Rabbits -- Homotransplantation of the Uterine Horns in Female Rabbits -- The Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Discussion on the Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- How Distant is the Clinical Use of Human Blastocysts? -- Laparoscopic Recovery of Pre-Ovulatory Human Oocytes After Priming of the Ovaries with Gonadotrophins -- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Mouse Blastocysts Before and at Implantation -- Recent Advances in Contraception -- Long Acting Polydimethylsiloxane Implants for Contraception -- Sustained Release Hormonal Preparations -- Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage -- Influence of Low Doses of Gestagens on Some Pituitary-Ovarian Functions -- On the Way to a More Physiological Hormonal Contraception -- The Pill: On Chromosomes -- Amenorrhea Following Oral Contraceptives -- The Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism -- Thromboembolism and Oral Contraceptives -- Possible Mechanism of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Copper -- Intra-Uterine Devices, Side-Effects -- Sterility I. Experimental -- Glycogen in Spermatidic Arrest -- Dihydrotestosterone (5 ?-Androstan-17-?-o1-3 one) in the Epididymis of Rats -- FSH-Releasing Activity of Clomiphenecitrat -- Sterility II. Clinical -- Estimation of Thiocyanate Level in Uterus. Preliminary Report -- Lymphocyte Transformation in Wife-Husband Mixed Leucocyte Cultures in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies -- Utero-Abdominal Reflux and Female Sterility. A Clinical Study -- The Experimental Artificial Oviduct -- The Effects of Mesterolone on Patients with Impaired Spermatogenesis and Sexual Disorders -- An Electromyographic Study of the External Urethal Sphincter During Ejaculation on Patients with Ejaculation Trouble Subsequent to Colectomy and Rectum Extirpation due to Colitis Ulcerosa and Crohn’s Disease.
    Description / Table of Contents: Insemination in Human and Veterinary MedicineCulture of Human Male Germ Cells in Vitro -- Preservation of Human Sperm by Liquid Nitrogen Vapor Freezing -- Motility and Morphology of Human Sperms after Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen -- Some Problems Involved in Freezing and Insemination With Human Sperm -- Oxygen Consumption of Human Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma -- Extracellular Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase as a Measure on Membrane Injury in Spermatozoa During Treatment -- The Effect of Tubal Sperm Concentration on the Rate of Development of Swine Ova and Blastocysts -- The Practical Use of DF-Semen on Cattle in Sweden -- A Male Sexual Cycle -- Transplantation in Gynecology -- Transplantation of Gynecological Organs: Ethical Problems -- Medical Aspects on Transplantations in Gynecology -- Immunodepression: I. Principles -- Immunodepression: II. Radiologic and Pharmacologic Treatment -- Immunosuppressive Regimes Directed at the Lymphocyte -- Transplantation of Ovaries -- Significance of Transplantation of the Uterus and the Fallopian Tubes -- Anastomosis of Small Vessels -- Autotransplantation of the Uterine Horns and Ovaries in Female Rabbits -- Homotransplantation of the Uterine Horns in Female Rabbits -- The Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Discussion on the Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- How Distant is the Clinical Use of Human Blastocysts? -- Laparoscopic Recovery of Pre-Ovulatory Human Oocytes After Priming of the Ovaries with Gonadotrophins -- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Mouse Blastocysts Before and at Implantation -- Recent Advances in Contraception -- Long Acting Polydimethylsiloxane Implants for Contraception -- Sustained Release Hormonal Preparations -- Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage -- Influence of Low Doses of Gestagens on Some Pituitary-Ovarian Functions -- On the Way to a More Physiological Hormonal Contraception -- The Pill: On Chromosomes -- Amenorrhea Following Oral Contraceptives -- The Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism -- Thromboembolism and Oral Contraceptives -- Possible Mechanism of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Copper -- Intra-Uterine Devices, Side-Effects -- Sterility I. Experimental -- Glycogen in Spermatidic Arrest -- Dihydrotestosterone (5 ?-Androstan-17-?-o1-3 one) in the Epididymis of Rats -- FSH-Releasing Activity of Clomiphenecitrat -- Sterility II. Clinical -- Estimation of Thiocyanate Level in Uterus. Preliminary Report -- Lymphocyte Transformation in Wife-Husband Mixed Leucocyte Cultures in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies -- Utero-Abdominal Reflux and Female Sterility. A Clinical Study -- The Experimental Artificial Oviduct -- The Effects of Mesterolone on Patients with Impaired Spermatogenesis and Sexual Disorders -- An Electromyographic Study of the External Urethal Sphincter During Ejaculation on Patients with Ejaculation Trouble Subsequent to Colectomy and Rectum Extirpation due to Colitis Ulcerosa and Crohn’s Disease.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8651-7
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  • 88
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    Theory and Politics / Theorie und Politik : Festschrift zum 70. Geburstag für Carl Joachim Friedrich (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401510639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (662p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Political science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I History of Political Theories — Geschichte der Politischen Theorien -- Philosophie et histoire des idées politiques -- Some Aspects of the History of Freedom -- Machiavelli’s Political Anthropology -- Theorie et pratique en philosophie politique: La monarchie française selon Jean Bodin et Montesquieu -- Immanuel Kants Bürgerlicher Reformismus -- Die Erfindung der „Repräsentativen Demokratie”. Eine Untersuchung von Thomas Paines Verfassungsideen -- Zur neueren Geschichte des Demokratiebegriffs -- Hegel’s Phenomenology: Paths to Revolution -- Natural Law Today -- Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensionality-The Old Style of the New Left -- Remarques sur le nouvel âge idéologique -- American Studies in Western Continental European Universities -- The Constitutional Ideas of Michel Debré -- II Problems of Present Political Theory — Probleme der Politischen Theorie der Gegenwart -- On Theory and Practice -- On the Notion of Political Philosophy -- Critique of Behavioralism in Political Science -- Agreement, Dissent, and Democratic Fundamentals -- Political Science and Education: The Long View and the Short -- „Politische Kultur” und „Politischer Stil”. Zur Rezeption zweier Begriffe aus den Kulturwissenschaften -- Dysfunctional Totalitarianism -- Aufhebung der Arbeitsteilung als Problem des Marxismus-Leninismus -- Politische Entwicklung zur nationalen Selbstbestimmung. Einige neuere Begriffe und Modelle -- Appunti per una Teoria Generale della Dittatura -- State and Nation -- Repräsentation, imperatives Mandat und Recall: Zur Frage der Demokratisierung und Parteienstaat -- Staatsrecht und Rechtsstaat -- Politische Aspekte der Justiz -- The Missing Dimension of Government -- Vernunft und Verrat. Zum Stellenwert des Treubruchs in der Politischen Theorie -- On Great Powers and Super Powers -- Effektivität und Legitimität als Faktoren Zwischenstaatlicher Anerkennungspolitik -- Bibliographie.
    Description / Table of Contents: I History of Political Theories - Geschichte der Politischen TheorienPhilosophie et histoire des idées politiques -- Some Aspects of the History of Freedom -- Machiavelli’s Political Anthropology -- Theorie et pratique en philosophie politique: La monarchie française selon Jean Bodin et Montesquieu -- Immanuel Kants Bürgerlicher Reformismus -- Die Erfindung der „Repräsentativen Demokratie”. Eine Untersuchung von Thomas Paines Verfassungsideen -- Zur neueren Geschichte des Demokratiebegriffs -- Hegel’s Phenomenology: Paths to Revolution -- Natural Law Today -- Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensionality-The Old Style of the New Left -- Remarques sur le nouvel âge idéologique -- American Studies in Western Continental European Universities -- The Constitutional Ideas of Michel Debré -- II Problems of Present Political Theory - Probleme der Politischen Theorie der Gegenwart -- On Theory and Practice -- On the Notion of Political Philosophy -- Critique of Behavioralism in Political Science -- Agreement, Dissent, and Democratic Fundamentals -- Political Science and Education: The Long View and the Short -- „Politische Kultur” und „Politischer Stil”. Zur Rezeption zweier Begriffe aus den Kulturwissenschaften -- Dysfunctional Totalitarianism -- Aufhebung der Arbeitsteilung als Problem des Marxismus-Leninismus -- Politische Entwicklung zur nationalen Selbstbestimmung. Einige neuere Begriffe und Modelle -- Appunti per una Teoria Generale della Dittatura -- State and Nation -- Repräsentation, imperatives Mandat und Recall: Zur Frage der Demokratisierung und Parteienstaat -- Staatsrecht und Rechtsstaat -- Politische Aspekte der Justiz -- The Missing Dimension of Government -- Vernunft und Verrat. Zum Stellenwert des Treubruchs in der Politischen Theorie -- On Great Powers and Super Powers -- Effektivität und Legitimität als Faktoren Zwischenstaatlicher Anerkennungspolitik -- Bibliographie.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1063-9
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  • 89
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    Vacuum Microbalance Techniques : Volume 8 Proceedings of the Wakefield Conference, June 12-13, 1969 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475701333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Interpretation of Vacuum Microbalance Data during the High-Temperature Oxidation of Materials (Invited) -- The Simultaneous Use of Mass Spectrometer and Micro- balance Techniques for the Carbon — Oxygen System -- A System for the Determination of Oxidation — Reduction Kinetics in Nonstoichiometric Metal Oxides -- An Automated Bakeable Quartz Fiber Vacuum Ultramicrobalance -- Adsorption Studies with a Bakeable Quartz Automatic Recording Ultramicrobalance -- The Effect of Thermal Gas Motion on Microbalance Measurements (Invited) -- Gravimetric Adsorption Studies of Hydrogen on Granular Metal Surfaces Using a Vacuum Microbalance -- Gravimetric Measurement of the Molecular Area of Some Adsorbed Gases -- Vapor Adsorption Studies on Low-Energy Solids -- Momentum Artifacts in the Gravimetric Measurement of Fast Desorption -- On the Development of Electromagnetic Balances in Recent Years -- Pressure of Light Used as Restoring Force on a Microbalance -- Vacuum Microbalance Apparatus for Rapid Determination of Low-Temperature Vaporization Rates -- Wireless Temperature Measurement of a Sample in Vacuum -- Applications of the Quartz Crystal Resonator (Invited) -- Thermal Degradation of Piperazine Copolyamides -- A Thermal Analysis System for Radioactive Materials -- Thermal Degradation of an Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Resin by Laser Heating -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume contains the proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Vacuum Microbalance Techniques held at Wakefield, Massachusetts on June 12 and 13, 1969. The tenth anniversary of the first confer­ ence will be registered as this volume passes through the typeset­ ting and proofreading stages. The eight volumes that have spawned from this continuing series of conferences now contain a total of 125 papers. Thus, these volumes serve as a major repository of the world's literature on vacuum microbalance techniques. The Ninth and Tenth Conferences will be held in West Germany in June 1970 and in Texas in 1971. Each of the eight meetings has served as a forum where new developments in this rapidly advancing field can be presented and discussed constructively within a conference atmosphere of cordial informality. The interaction of the participants at the conferences has led to the first treatise on ultra mlcrogravtmetry;' edited by S. P. Wolsky and E. J. Zdanuk, with most of the fourteen chapters written by steady contributors to the volumes on Vacuum Micro­ balance Techniques. The number of research investigations and published works in which a vacuum microbalance is utilized con­ tinues to expandr apldly. f This is a direct result of several types of automatic recording balances that are now available commercial­ ly. 3 The Eighth Conference was held to bring together again re­ search scientists and engineers who exploit the measurement of mass as a means of studying physical and chemical phenomena.
    Description / Table of Contents: Interpretation of Vacuum Microbalance Data during the High-Temperature Oxidation of Materials (Invited)The Simultaneous Use of Mass Spectrometer and Micro- balance Techniques for the Carbon - Oxygen System -- A System for the Determination of Oxidation - Reduction Kinetics in Nonstoichiometric Metal Oxides -- An Automated Bakeable Quartz Fiber Vacuum Ultramicrobalance -- Adsorption Studies with a Bakeable Quartz Automatic Recording Ultramicrobalance -- The Effect of Thermal Gas Motion on Microbalance Measurements (Invited) -- Gravimetric Adsorption Studies of Hydrogen on Granular Metal Surfaces Using a Vacuum Microbalance -- Gravimetric Measurement of the Molecular Area of Some Adsorbed Gases -- Vapor Adsorption Studies on Low-Energy Solids -- Momentum Artifacts in the Gravimetric Measurement of Fast Desorption -- On the Development of Electromagnetic Balances in Recent Years -- Pressure of Light Used as Restoring Force on a Microbalance -- Vacuum Microbalance Apparatus for Rapid Determination of Low-Temperature Vaporization Rates -- Wireless Temperature Measurement of a Sample in Vacuum -- Applications of the Quartz Crystal Resonator (Invited) -- Thermal Degradation of Piperazine Copolyamides -- A Thermal Analysis System for Radioactive Materials -- Thermal Degradation of an Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Resin by Laser Heating -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0133-3
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  • 90
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    Applications of Holography : Proceedings of the United States-Japan Seminar on Information Processing by Holography, held in Washington, D. C., October 13-18, 1969 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468419054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Two Challenges to Holography: 1. Holographic Electron Microscopy; 2. Speckle-Free Illumination -- The Holographic Emulsion Layer as a Three-Dimensional Recording Medium -- 3-D Construction of Imaginary Objects by the Method of Holographic Stereogram -- Optical Aperture Synthesis Producing High Resolution Photographs by Incoherent Superposition of Low-Resolution Partial-Frequency Range Component Photographs -- Imaging with Low-Redundancy Arrays -- Correction of Lens Aberration by Holography -- Optical Transfer Function Measurement by Holographic Techniques -- Applications of Classical Theory of Interferometry to Holography -- Holography Using an Extended Spatially Incoherent Source -- Application of Holographic Interferometry to Mechanical Experiments -- Experimental Aspects of Holographic Interferometry -- Pulsed Laser Holography with TEMoo Mode Ruby Lasers -- Application of Non-Linear Hologram to Interferometry -- Digital Picture Processing and Holography -- Computer Synthesis of Holograms and Spatial Filters -- Pattern Classification Using Correlation with Random Masks — an Optical PAPA Device -- Correlation Techniques by Holography and Its Application to Fingerprint Identification -- Optical Image Deblurring Methods -- Real Time Image Processing -- Radar and Microwave Applications of Holography -- Acoustical Holography -- Proposed Applications of Holographic Technique to the Optics of the Eye and Vision Research -- A High Capacity Holographic Storage System -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Holography has matured over the years since it was first invented by Dennis Gabor and further developed by many workers during the last decade. With some applications a commercial reality and many more continually appearing, it is now possible to compile a volume devoted to the applications of holography. This book consists primarily of papers presented at the second U.S. Japan Seminar on holography, held in Washington, D.C., from October 20-27, 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. In addition to most of the papers presented at the seminar, several others are included because they cover important applications which are appropriate to this volume. Attendance at the seminar was limited to ten delegates from each country; these delegates being chosen so as to permit the seminar to include as wide a range of subjects as possible, with each delegate being recognized as an authority in his particular field of holography. In addition, Dr. Gilbert Devey (Program 'Director for Engineering Systems for the National Science Foundation, and the one most responsible for making the seminar possible), Professor Wolf F.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two Challenges to Holography: 1. Holographic Electron Microscopy; 2. Speckle-Free IlluminationThe Holographic Emulsion Layer as a Three-Dimensional Recording Medium -- 3-D Construction of Imaginary Objects by the Method of Holographic Stereogram -- Optical Aperture Synthesis Producing High Resolution Photographs by Incoherent Superposition of Low-Resolution Partial-Frequency Range Component Photographs -- Imaging with Low-Redundancy Arrays -- Correction of Lens Aberration by Holography -- Optical Transfer Function Measurement by Holographic Techniques -- Applications of Classical Theory of Interferometry to Holography -- Holography Using an Extended Spatially Incoherent Source -- Application of Holographic Interferometry to Mechanical Experiments -- Experimental Aspects of Holographic Interferometry -- Pulsed Laser Holography with TEMoo Mode Ruby Lasers -- Application of Non-Linear Hologram to Interferometry -- Digital Picture Processing and Holography -- Computer Synthesis of Holograms and Spatial Filters -- Pattern Classification Using Correlation with Random Masks - an Optical PAPA Device -- Correlation Techniques by Holography and Its Application to Fingerprint Identification -- Optical Image Deblurring Methods -- Real Time Image Processing -- Radar and Microwave Applications of Holography -- Acoustical Holography -- Proposed Applications of Holographic Technique to the Optics of the Eye and Vision Research -- A High Capacity Holographic Storage System -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1905-4
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  • 91
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    Palaeozoic Fishes (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468464658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. Conspectus, 1; 1.2. Evolution of jaws, 2; 1.3. Fossil record, 4; 1.4. Environment, 6; 1.5. Classification, 7; References, 8; Bibliography, 9. -- 2 Class Cephalaspidomorphi -- 2.1. Classification, 10; 2.2. Cephalaspidomorph characteristics, 11; 2.3. Infraclass 1, Osteostraci, 12; 2.3.1. Structure, 13; 2.3.2. Growth and life history, 19; 2.3.3. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 20; 2.4. Infraclass 2, Anaspida, 23; 2.4.1 Structure, 24; 2.4.2. Growth, 26; 2.4.3. Diversity, 27; 2.5. Infraclass 3, Petromyzonida, 27; 2.5.1. Structure, 27; 2.6. Incertae sedis Palaeospondylus, 28; 2.7. Mode of life, 29; References, 31. -- 3 Class Pteraspidomorphi -- 3.1. Classification, 35; 3.2. Pteraspidomorph characteristics, 36; 3.3. Subclass 1, Heterostraci, 36; 3.3.1. Structure, 36; 3.3.2. Growth and the evolution of the shield, 41; 3.3.3. Diversity and interrelationships, 45; 3.3.4. Mode of life, 49; 3.4. Incertae sedis Polybranchiaspis, 52; 3.5. Subclass 2, Thelodonti, 53; 3.5.1. Structure, 53; 3.5.2. Diversity and affinities, 55; 3.6. Relationships of agnathans, 56; References, 57. -- 4 Subclass Acanthodii -- 4.1. Classification, 61; 4.2. Acanthodian characteristics, 61; 4.2.1. Structure, 63; 4.2.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 71; 4.2.3. Mode of life, 75; References, 76. -- 5 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Actinopterygii -- 5.1. Classification, 79; 5.2. Osteichthyan characteristics, 80; 5.3. Infraclass Actinopterygii, 81; 5.4. Superorder 1, Chondrostei, 86; 5.5. Order 1, Palaeoniscida, 86; 5.5.1. Structure, 87; 5.5.2. Suborder 1, Palaeoniscoidei, 91; 5.5.3. Suborder 2, Platysomidei, 94; 5.6. Order 2, Haplolepidida, 97; 5.7. Order 3, Tarrasiida, 97; 5.8. Order 4, Phanerorhynchida, 98; 5.9. Order 5, Dorypterida, 99; 5.10. Superorder 2, Holostei, 99; 5.11. Order 1, Semionotida, 100; 5.12. Tendencies in evolution, 102; References, 105. -- 6 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Crossopterygii -- 6.1. Classification, 110; 6.2. Crossopterygian characteristics, 111; 6.3. Superorder 1, Rhipidistia, 113; 6.3.1. Structure, 114;6.3.2. Order 1, Holoptychiida, 122; 6.3.3. Order 2, Osteolepidida, 125; 6.3.4. Order 3, Rhizodontida, 126; 6.3.5. Tendencies in evolution, 127; 6.4. Superorder 2, Actinistia, 127; 6.4.1. Structure, 127; 6.4.2. Diversity, 131; 6.5. Incertae sedis Onychodontidae, 131; 6.6. Mode of life, 134; References, 136. -- 7 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Dipnoi -- 7.1. Classification, 141; 7.2. Dipnoan characteristics, 141; 7.3. Structure and diversity, 144; 7.3.1. Structure, 144; 7.3.2. Diversity, 149; 7.4. Evolution and mode of life, 153; 7.5. Growth of cosmoid scales and bones, 154; 7.6. R elationships of teleostomes, 155; References, 158. -- 8 Subclass Placodermi -- 8.1. Classification, 161; 8.2. Placoderm characteristics, 162; 8.3. Order 1, Arthrodira, 163; 8.3.1. Structure, 164; 8.3.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 170; 8.4. Order 2, Ptyctodontida, 178; 8.5. Order 3, Phyllolepidida, 180; 8.6. Order 4, Petalichthyida, 181; 8.7. Order 5, Rhenanida, 185; 8.7.1. Suborder 1, Palaeacanthaspidoidei, 185; 8.7.2. Suborder 2, Gemuendinoidei, 188; 8.8. Order 6, Antiarchi, 191; 8.9. Incertae sedis Stensioellidae, 195; 8.10 Evolution and mode of life, 197; References, 200. -- 9 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Elasmobranchii -- 9.1. Classification, 206; 9.2. Chondrichthyan characteristics, 206; 9.3. Infraclass Elasmobranchii, 209; 9.4. Order 1, Cladoselachida, 210; 9.5. Order 2, Cladodontida, 213; 9.6. Order 3, Selachii, 215; 9.6.1. Suborder 1, Ctenacanthoidei, 215; 9.6.2. Suborder 2, Hybodontoidei, 217; 9.7. Order 4, Xenacanthida, 218; 9.8. Incertae sedis Order 5, Helicopriondia, 220; 9.9. Evolution, 221; 9.10. Mode of life, 222; References, 223. -- 10 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Holocephali -- 10.1. Classification, 226; 10.2. Holocephalan characteristics, 227; 10.3. Order 1, Chimaerida, 229; 10.3.1. Suborder 1, Helodontoidei, 229; 10.3.2. Suborder 2, Cochliodontoidei, 231; 10.3.3. Suborder 3, Menaspoidei, 231; 10.4. Order 2, Chondrenchelyida, 233; 10.5. Order 3, Edestida, 234; 10.6. Incertae sedis Ornithoprion, 237; 10.7. Order 4, Psammodontida, 238; 10.8. Order 5, Copodontida, 238; 10.9. Incertae sedis Order 6, Petalodontida, 239; 10.10 Evolution and mode of life, 240; 10.11. Relationship of elasmobranchiomorphs, 242;References, 244. -- 11 Summary of the early evolution of fishes.
    Abstract: I have revised Moy-Thomas's widely used book on Palaeozoic fishes in an attempt to incorporate some of the considerable advances that have been made in this field over the last 30 years, which have in some respects made the first edition seriously out-of-date. The book is now inevitably longer, but its scope remains the same and the original approach has been main­ tained as far as possible. I have, however, undertaken a certain amount ofre­ arrangement of the contents, consonant with our changing views of fish evolution, and have tried to reflect some of the current preoccupations of students of fish evolution in expanded sections on mode of life and relation­ ships. The illustrations have been completely replaced, and in selecting the figures I have been faced with an embarrassing richness of source material. In an attempt to keep the figures down to a reasonable number, I have decided that it is better to have a few species illustrated with clear drawings than give thumb-nail sketches of all the forms mentioned in the text, and as far as possible to restrict the illustrations to Palaeozoic species. All the illustrations have been redrawn to a common style, and in some cases they have been specially prepared or modified for this book. Authors' names are now included in the text and a list of references is given at the end of each chapter.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1. Conspectus, 1; 1.2. Evolution of jaws, 2; 1.3. Fossil record, 4; 1.4. Environment, 6; 1.5. Classification, 7; References, 8; Bibliography, 9. -- 2 Class Cephalaspidomorphi -- 2.1. Classification, 10; 2.2. Cephalaspidomorph characteristics, 11; 2.3. Infraclass 1, Osteostraci, 12; 2.3.1. Structure, 13; 2.3.2. Growth and life history, 19; 2.3.3. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 20; 2.4. Infraclass 2, Anaspida, 23; 2.4.1 Structure, 24; 2.4.2. Growth, 26; 2.4.3. Diversity, 27; 2.5. Infraclass 3, Petromyzonida, 27; 2.5.1. Structure, 27; 2.6. Incertae sedis Palaeospondylus, 28; 2.7. Mode of life, 29; References, 31. -- 3 Class Pteraspidomorphi -- 3.1. Classification, 35; 3.2. Pteraspidomorph characteristics, 36; 3.3. Subclass 1, Heterostraci, 36; 3.3.1. Structure, 36; 3.3.2. Growth and the evolution of the shield, 41; 3.3.3. Diversity and interrelationships, 45; 3.3.4. Mode of life, 49; 3.4. Incertae sedis Polybranchiaspis, 52; 3.5. Subclass 2, Thelodonti, 53; 3.5.1. Structure, 53; 3.5.2. Diversity and affinities, 55; 3.6. Relationships of agnathans, 56; References, 57. -- 4 Subclass Acanthodii -- 4.1. Classification, 61; 4.2. Acanthodian characteristics, 61; 4.2.1. Structure, 63; 4.2.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 71; 4.2.3. Mode of life, 75; References, 76. -- 5 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Actinopterygii -- 5.1. Classification, 79; 5.2. Osteichthyan characteristics, 80; 5.3. Infraclass Actinopterygii, 81; 5.4. Superorder 1, Chondrostei, 86; 5.5. Order 1, Palaeoniscida, 86; 5.5.1. Structure, 87; 5.5.2. Suborder 1, Palaeoniscoidei, 91; 5.5.3. Suborder 2, Platysomidei, 94; 5.6. Order 2, Haplolepidida, 97; 5.7. Order 3, Tarrasiida, 97; 5.8. Order 4, Phanerorhynchida, 98; 5.9. Order 5, Dorypterida, 99; 5.10. Superorder 2, Holostei, 99; 5.11. Order 1, Semionotida, 100; 5.12. Tendencies in evolution, 102; References, 105. -- 6 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Crossopterygii -- 6.1. Classification, 110; 6.2. Crossopterygian characteristics, 111; 6.3. Superorder 1, Rhipidistia, 113; 6.3.1. Structure, 114;6.3.2. Order 1, Holoptychiida, 122; 6.3.3. Order 2, Osteolepidida, 125; 6.3.4. Order 3, Rhizodontida, 126; 6.3.5. Tendencies in evolution, 127; 6.4. Superorder 2, Actinistia, 127; 6.4.1. Structure, 127; 6.4.2. Diversity, 131; 6.5. Incertae sedis Onychodontidae, 131; 6.6. Mode of life, 134; References, 136. -- 7 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Dipnoi -- 7.1. Classification, 141; 7.2. Dipnoan characteristics, 141; 7.3. Structure and diversity, 144; 7.3.1. Structure, 144; 7.3.2. Diversity, 149; 7.4. Evolution and mode of life, 153; 7.5. Growth of cosmoid scales and bones, 154; 7.6. R elationships of teleostomes, 155; References, 158. -- 8 Subclass Placodermi -- 8.1. Classification, 161; 8.2. Placoderm characteristics, 162; 8.3. Order 1, Arthrodira, 163; 8.3.1. Structure, 164; 8.3.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 170; 8.4. Order 2, Ptyctodontida, 178; 8.5. Order 3, Phyllolepidida, 180; 8.6. Order 4, Petalichthyida, 181; 8.7. Order 5, Rhenanida, 185; 8.7.1. Suborder 1, Palaeacanthaspidoidei, 185; 8.7.2. Suborder 2, Gemuendinoidei, 188; 8.8. Order 6, Antiarchi, 191; 8.9. Incertae sedis Stensioellidae, 195; 8.10 Evolution and mode of life, 197; References, 200. -- 9 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Elasmobranchii -- 9.1. Classification, 206; 9.2. Chondrichthyan characteristics, 206; 9.3. Infraclass Elasmobranchii, 209; 9.4. Order 1, Cladoselachida, 210; 9.5. Order 2, Cladodontida, 213; 9.6. Order 3, Selachii, 215; 9.6.1. Suborder 1, Ctenacanthoidei, 215; 9.6.2. Suborder 2, Hybodontoidei, 217; 9.7. Order 4, Xenacanthida, 218; 9.8. Incertae sedis Order 5, Helicopriondia, 220; 9.9. Evolution, 221; 9.10. Mode of life, 222; References, 223. -- 10 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Holocephali -- 10.1. Classification, 226; 10.2. Holocephalan characteristics, 227; 10.3. Order 1, Chimaerida, 229; 10.3.1. Suborder 1, Helodontoidei, 229; 10.3.2. Suborder 2, Cochliodontoidei, 231; 10.3.3. Suborder 3, Menaspoidei, 231; 10.4. Order 2, Chondrenchelyida, 233; 10.5. Order 3, Edestida, 234; 10.6. Incertae sedis Ornithoprion, 237; 10.7. Order 4, Psammodontida, 238; 10.8. Order 5, Copodontida, 238; 10.9. Incertae sedis Order 6, Petalodontida, 239; 10.10 Evolution and mode of life, 240; 10.11. Relationship of elasmobranchiomorphs, 242;References, 244. -- 11 Summary of the early evolution of fishes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6465-8
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  • 92
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    Meyers Kinder-Weltatlas (1971)
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468405729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Zweite, verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: Erde, Mond und Sterne -- Deutschland -- Große Ferien -- Deutschland, Städte und Verkehr -- Bildkarfe -- Ferienerlebnisse -- Bildkarte -- Deutschland, Wirtschaft -- Europa -- Ein Besuch im Zirkus -- Europa, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Rätselspiel bei Monika -- Bildkarte -- Europa, Staaten, Wirtschaft und Verkehr -- Peter hat ein neues Quartett -- Europa, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Auf dem Trachtenfest -- Bildkarte -- Europa, Menschen und Haustiere -- Asien -- Asien, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika wetten -- Ein Abend bei Fischers -- Asien, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarfe -- Heins Fahrt durch Asien -- Asien, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Asien, Staaten und Verkehr -- Bildkarte -- Reisen in Asien -- Afrika -- Vater Meyer mußen -- Afrika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Bildkart -- Ein afrikanischer Jäger erzählt -- Bildkarte -- Afrika, Tiere -- Peter in Afrika -- Afrika, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Ein Besuch bei Kapitän Hansen -- Bildkarte -- Afrika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Nordamerika -- Monika muß einen Aufsatz schreiben -- Nordamerika, Menschen und Haustiere . -- Bildkarte -- Peter zeichnet Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Nordamerika, Tiere -- Eine interessante Erdkundestunde -- Nordamerika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Ein Brief aus Amerika -- Bildkarte -- Nordamerika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Südamerika -- Ein rätselhafter Brief -- Südamerika, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika besuchen ihren alten Freund -- Bildkarte -- Südamerika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Besuch aut dem Lande -- Südamerika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Vater Meyer erzählt von seiner Reise -- Bildkarte -- Südamerika, Tiere -- Australien und Südostasien -- Ein Brief aus Australien -- Australien und Südostasien, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Kapitän Hansen hat Besuch -- Bildkarte -- Australien und Südostasien, Menschen -- Herr Hansen erzählt über Australien -- Australien und Südostasien, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Kapitän Hansen schreibt aus Australien -- Bildkarte -- Australien und Südostasien, Staaten und Verkehr -- Nord- und Südpol -- Peter und Monika gehen ins Kino -- Nordpolargebiet -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika spielen Kino -- Bildkarte -- Südpolargebiet -- Der Mond bekommt Besuch -- Wissenswerte Tatsachen über den Mond.
    Description / Table of Contents: Erde, Mond und SterneDeutschland -- Große Ferien -- Deutschland, Städte und Verkehr -- Bildkarfe -- Ferienerlebnisse -- Bildkarte -- Deutschland, Wirtschaft -- Europa -- Ein Besuch im Zirkus -- Europa, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Rätselspiel bei Monika -- Bildkarte -- Europa, Staaten, Wirtschaft und Verkehr -- Peter hat ein neues Quartett -- Europa, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Auf dem Trachtenfest -- Bildkarte -- Europa, Menschen und Haustiere -- Asien -- Asien, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika wetten -- Ein Abend bei Fischers -- Asien, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarfe -- Heins Fahrt durch Asien -- Asien, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Asien, Staaten und Verkehr -- Bildkarte -- Reisen in Asien -- Afrika -- Vater Meyer mußen -- Afrika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Bildkart -- Ein afrikanischer Jäger erzählt -- Bildkarte -- Afrika, Tiere -- Peter in Afrika -- Afrika, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Ein Besuch bei Kapitän Hansen -- Bildkarte -- Afrika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Nordamerika -- Monika muß einen Aufsatz schreiben -- Nordamerika, Menschen und Haustiere . -- Bildkarte -- Peter zeichnet Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Nordamerika, Tiere -- Eine interessante Erdkundestunde -- Nordamerika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Ein Brief aus Amerika -- Bildkarte -- Nordamerika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Südamerika -- Ein rätselhafter Brief -- Südamerika, Menschen und Haustiere -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika besuchen ihren alten Freund -- Bildkarte -- Südamerika, Staaten und Verkehr -- Besuch aut dem Lande -- Südamerika, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Vater Meyer erzählt von seiner Reise -- Bildkarte -- Südamerika, Tiere -- Australien und Südostasien -- Ein Brief aus Australien -- Australien und Südostasien, Tiere -- Bildkarte -- Kapitän Hansen hat Besuch -- Bildkarte -- Australien und Südostasien, Menschen -- Herr Hansen erzählt über Australien -- Australien und Südostasien, Pflanzen und Bodenschätze -- Bildkarte -- Kapitän Hansen schreibt aus Australien -- Bildkarte -- Australien und Südostasien, Staaten und Verkehr -- Nord- und Südpol -- Peter und Monika gehen ins Kino -- Nordpolargebiet -- Bildkarte -- Peter und Monika spielen Kino -- Bildkarte -- Südpolargebiet -- Der Mond bekommt Besuch -- Wissenswerte Tatsachen über den Mond.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0572-9
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  • 93
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    Brain Displacements and Deformations (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468418002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. A Brief Survey of the Development of Brain Displacement Theory. Terminology2. Reserve Spaces in the Cranial Cavity and the Main Types of Brain Displacements -- 3. Clinical Manifestations of Brain Displacements -- 4. Brain Displacements and Localization of a Pathological Process -- 5. Damage to Cerebral Tissue in Displacements and Deformations -- 6. Roentgenological Manifestations of Brain Displacements (by N. S. Plevako and Z. N. Polyanker).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1800-2
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  • 94
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    Optical Absorption and Dispersion in Solids (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461333210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 138 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Macroscopic Theory -- 1.1 Electromagnetic field in a solid -- 1.2 Dielectric constant and optical conductivity -- 1.3 Crystal symmetry -- 1.4 Propagation of waves -- 1.5 Kramers-Krönig relations -- 1.6 The sum rule -- 1.7 Dispersion theory of classical oscillators -- 2. Crystal Lattice Absorption -- 2.1 Vibrational modes of a crystal lattice -- 2.2 Photon-phonon interaction -- 2.3 Microscopic theory of infra-red dispersion -- 2.4 Two-phonon absorption -- 3. Interband Transitions -- 3.1 Electron energy bands -- 3.2 Direct transitions -- 3.3 Critical points -- 3.4 Absorption band edges -- 3.5 Indirect transitions -- 3.6 Infra-red absorption in superconductors -- 4. Free Carrier Absorption -- 4.1 Classical theory -- 4.2 Intraband transitions -- 4.3 Electron transport -- 4.4 Surface admittance -- 4.5 Infra-red absorption in metals -- 4.6 Free carrier absorption in semiconductors -- 5. Plasma Effects -- 5.1 Free electron model -- 5.2 Volume plasmons -- 5.3 Surface plasmons -- 6. Exciton Effects -- 6.1 Electron-hole interaction -- 6.2 Optical absorption -- 6.3 Inert-atom solids and alkali halides -- 6.4 Semiconductors -- 6.5 Spatial dispersion -- 7. Non-Linear Optics -- 7.1 Classification of non-linear effects -- 7.2 Non-linear susceptibilities -- 7.3 Second harmonic generation -- 7.4 Parametric amplification and oscillation -- 7.5 Third order effects -- References.
    Abstract: The electromagnetic theory of Maxwell and the electron theory of Lorentz and Drude stimulated a great deal of experimental work on the optical properties of solids in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The time was not then ripe, however, for general progress in this field. The experimental techniques were not available to produce suitable specimens for optical measurements with well­ defined structure and purity. On the theoretical side, the classical electron theory provided only a very incomplete account of the interaction of light waves with matter. The centre of interest in optical research moved to atomic and molecular spectroscopy where quantitative results were easier to obtain. The quantum theory, starting with Bohr's theory of 1913, provided a highly successful basis for the interpretation of the optical spectra of atoms and molecules. The present-day theory of the optical properties of solids is based on the quantum theory of electrons in solids, developed from the early researches of Sommerfeld and Bloch, and the theory of lattice vibrations originating in the research by Born. The formal con­ nection between optical absorption and electron wave functions in solids has been well known since the 1930s but it is only recently that electron energy band calculations have achieved sufficient accuracy to make profitable a comparison of experimental and theoretical results. Without some guidance from a theoretical band structure calculation, it would be difficult to make any progress with the in­ terpretation of an optical absorption spectrum.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3321-0
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  • 95
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    Background to Migraine : Fourth Migraine Symposium September 11th, 1970 (1971)
    New York, NY : Springer New York
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475745771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 92 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4577-1
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  • 96
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    Water in Biological Systems : Volume 2 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475769555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 115 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Concentration Fluctuations and Their Influence on Sound Absorption -- Spectrum of Aqueous Urea Solutions in the Near-Infrared Region -- Influence of the Effective (Local) Light-Wave Field on the Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Liquid Water in the Vicinity of the Valence-Vibration Band -- Raman Spectra of Water, Saturated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions, and Ice Crystals -- The Germanium-Water Interface -- State of Water in Certain Perchlorate Crystal Hydrates Formed by Elements of Periodic Group II -- Investigation of Aqueous Nonelectrolyte Solutions by the Spin Echo Method -- Temperature-Related Changes in the Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Water in the Cerebral and Muscle Tissues of the Frog -- A Mass-Spectrometric Study of Disturbances of Water Exchange Through the Pulmonary Barrier in Animals -- Possible Role of Water in Neuromuscular Excitation -- The Two-Structure Model and the Heat Capacity of Water -- Study of the Structural Characteristics of Water from the Infrared Absorption Spectra of Aqueous Acetonitrile Solutions -- Concentration-Related Changes in the Spectral Characteristics of the Libration Band of Liquid Water in Acetonitrile and Acetone Solutions -- Investigation of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions by the Deflected Total Internal Reflection (DTIR) Method -- Concentration Fluctuations and Light Scattering in Aqueous Solutions of Propyl Alcohols -- Interpretation of the Spectrum of Ice and Water in the Valence- and Deformation-Vibration Regions -- Chemical Proton Shifts in H2O–D2O Solutions -- Self-Diffusion in Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins -- Use of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigate the Influence on Water Structure of a Number of Compounds with a Protective Action during Freezing of Human Erythrocytes -- Accessibility of Water in Muscle Fibers to Molecules of Different Sizes -- Calculation of Binary Distribution Functions and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Aqueous Solutions of Strong Electrolytes by the Monte Carlo Method.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-6955-5
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  • 97
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    Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Mössbauer Effect1.1 Energetics of free-atom recoil and thermal broadening -- 1.2 Heisenberg natural linewidth -- 1.3 Energy and momentum transfer to the lattice -- 1.4 Recoil-free fraction and Debye-Waller factor -- 1.5 Cross-section for resonant reabsorption -- 1.6 A Mössbauer spectrum -- 2. Experimental Techniques -- 2.1 Velocity modulation of gamma-rays -- 2.2 Constant-velocity drives -- 2.3 Repetitive velocity-scan systems -- 2.4 Derivative spectrometers -- 2.5 Scattering experiments -- 2.6 Source and absorber preparation -- 2.7 Detection equipment -- 2.8 Cryogenic equipment and ovens -- 2.9 Velocity calibration -- 2.10 Curve fitting by computer -- 3. Hyperfine Interactions -- 3.1 Chemical isomer shift, ? -- 3.2 Second-order Doppler shift and zero-point motion -- 3.3 Effect of pressure on the chemical isomer shift -- 3.4 Electric quadrupole interactions -- 3.5 Magnetic hyperfine interactions -- 3.6 Combined magnetic and quadrupole interactions -- 3.7 Relative intensities of absorption lines -- 3.8 Relaxation phenomena -- 3.9 Anisotropy of the recoilless fraction -- 3.10 The pseudoquadrupole interaction -- 4. Applications of the Mössbauer Effect -- 4.1 Relativity and general physics -- 4.2 Nuclear physics -- 4.3 Solid-state physics and chemistry -- 5. 57Fe - Introduction -- 5.1 The ?-decay scheme -- 5.2 Source preparation and calibration -- 5.3 Chemical isomer shifts -- 5.4 Quadrupole splittings -- 5.5 Magnetic interactions -- 5.6 Polarised radiation studies -- 5.7 Energetic nuclear reactions -- 5.8 The 136-keV transition -- 6. High-spin Iron Complexes -- A. High-Spin Iron(II) Complexes -- 6.1 Iron(II) halides -- 6.2 Iron(II) salts of oxyacids and other anions -- 6.3 Iron(II) complexes with nitrogen ligands -- B. High-Spin Iron(III) Complexes -- 6.4 Iron(III) halides -- 6.5 Iron(III) salts of oxyacids -- 6.6 Iron(III) complexes with chelating ligands -- 7. Low-spin Iron(II) and Iron(III) Complexes -- 7.1 Ferrocyanides -- 7.2 Ferricyanides -- 7.3 Prussian blue -- 7.4 Substituted cyanides -- 7.5 Chelating ligands -- 8. Unusual Electronic Configurations of Iron -- 8.1 Iron(II) compounds showing 5T2?1A1 crossover -- 8.2 Iron(III) compounds showing 6A1?2T2 crossover -- 8.3 Iron(II) compounds with S = 1 spin state -- 8.4 Iron(III) compounds with S = 1/3 spin state -- 8.5 Iron 1,2-dithiolate complexes -- 8.6 Systems containing iron(I), iron(IV), and iron(VI) -- 9. Covalent Iron Compounds -- 9.1 Binary carbonyls, carbonyl anions, and hydride anions -- 9.2 Substituted iron carbonyls -- 9.3 Ferrocene and other ?-cyclopentadienyl derivatives -- 10. Iron Oxides and Sulphides -- 10.1 Binary oxides and hydroxides -- 10.2 Spinel oxides AB2O4 -- 10.3 Other ternary oxides -- 10.4 Iron(IV) oxides -- 10.5 Iron chalcogenides -- 10.6 Silicate minerals -- 10.7 Lunar samples -- 11. Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds -- 11.1 Metallic iron -- 11.2 Iron alloys -- 11.3 Intermetallic compounds -- 12. 57Fe - Impurity Studies -- 12.1 Chemical compounds -- 12.2 Metals -- 12.3 Miscellaneous topics -- 13. Biological Compounds -- 13.1 Haemeproteins -- 13.2 Metalloproteins -- 14. Tin-119 -- 14.1 ?-Decay scheme and sources -- 14.2 Hyperfine interactions -- 14.3 Tin(II) compounds -- 14.4 Inorganic tin(IV) compounds -- 14.5 Organotin(IV) compounds -- 14.6 Metals and alloys -- 15. Other Main Group Elements -- 15.1 Potassium (40K) -- 15.2 Germanium (73Ge) -- 15.3 Krypton (83Kr) -- 15.4 Antimony (121Sb) -- 15.5 Tellurium (125Te) -- 15.6 Iodine (127I, 129I) -- 15.7 Xenon (129Xe, 131Xe) -- 15.8 Caesium (133Cs) -- 15.9 Barium (133Ba) -- 16. Other Transition-metal Elements -- 16.1 Nickel (61Ni) -- 16.2 Zinc (67Zn) -- 16.3 Technetium (99Tc) -- 16.4 Ruthenium (99Ru) -- 16.5 Silver (107Ag) -- 16.6 Hafnium (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 180Hf) -- 16.7 Tantalum (181Ta) -- 16.8 Tungsten (182W, 183W, 184W, 186W) -- 16.9 Rhenium (187Re) -- 16.10 Osmium (186Os, 188Os, 189Os) -- 16.11 Iridium (191Ir, 193Ir) -- 16.12 Platinum (195Pt) -- 16.13 Gold (197Au) -- 16.14 Mercury (201Hg) -- 17. The Rare-earth Elements -- 17.1 Praseodymium (141Pr) -- 17.2 Neodymium (145Nd) -- 17.3 Promethium (147Pm) -- 17.4 Samarium (149Sm, 152Sm, 154Sm) -- 17.5 Europium (151Eu, 153Eu) -- 17.6 Gadolinium (154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160Gd) -- 17.7 Terbium (159Tb) -- 17.8 Dysprosium (160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 164Dy) -- 17.9 Holmium (165Ho) -- 17.10 Erbium (164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er) -- 17.11 Thulium (169Tm) -- 17.12 Ytterbium (170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 174Yb, 176Yb) -- 18. The Actinide Elements -- 18.1 Thorium (232Th) -- 18.2 Protactinium (231Pa) -- 18.3 Uranium (238U) -- 18.4 Neptunium (237Np) -- 18.5 Americium (243Am) -- Appendix 1. Table of nuclear data for Mössbauer transitions -- Appendix 2. The relative intensities of hyperfine lines -- Notes on the International System of Units (SI) -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5697-1
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  • 98
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    The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Diederich, Werner STRUKTUR UND DYNAMIK WISSENSCHAFTLICHER THEORIEN 1975
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mathematical physics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Logical Structure and Axiomatization -- II. The Traditional View -- III. The Ramsey View -- IV. The Ramsey View Emended -- V. Theoretical Functions with Special Forms -- VI. Classical Particle Mechanics -- VII. Identity, Equivalence and Reduction -- VIII. The Dynamics of Theories.
    Abstract: This book is about scientific theories of a particular kind - theories of mathematical physics. Examples of such theories are classical and relativis­ tic particle mechanics, classical electrodynamics, classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Roughly, these are theories in which a certain mathematical structure is employed to make statements about some fragment of the world. Most of the book is simply an elaboration of this rough characterization of theories of mathematical physics. It is argued that each theory of mathematical physics has associated with it a certain characteristic mathematical struc­ ture. This structure may be used in a variety of ways to make empirical claims about putative applications of the theory. Typically - though not necessarily - the way this structure is used in making such claims requires that certain elements in the structure play essentially different roles. Some playa "theoretical" role; others playa "non-theoretical" role. For example, in classical particle mechanics, mass and force playa theoretical role while position plays a non-theoretical role. Some attention is given to showing how this distinction can be drawn and describing precisely the way in which the theoretical and non-theoretical elements function in the claims of the theory. An attempt is made to say, rather precisely, what a theory of mathematical physics is and how you tell one such theory from anothe- what the identity conditions for these theories are.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Logical Structure and AxiomatizationII. The Traditional View -- III. The Ramsey View -- IV. The Ramsey View Emended -- V. Theoretical Functions with Special Forms -- VI. Classical Particle Mechanics -- VII. Identity, Equivalence and Reduction -- VIII. The Dynamics of Theories.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3066-3
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  • 99
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    Mechanical Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468418873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Deformation Processes in Pure Metals -- 1.1. Glossary of Terms Relevant to the Tensile Test -- 1.2. Elastic Deformation -- 1.3. General Aspects of Plastic Deformation in Metals -- 1.4. The Effect of Temperature on the Yield and Flow of Pure Face-Centered-Cubic Metals -- 1.5. The Effect of Temperature on the Yield and Flow of Pure Body-Centered-Cubic Metals -- 1.6. The Effect of Temperature on the Yield and Flow of Pure Hexagonal-Close-Packed Metals -- 1.7. A Comparison of the Main Characteristics of Face-Centered-Cubic, Body-Centered-Cubic, and Hexagonal-Close-Packed Metals -- 1.8. Plastic Deformation at Constant Stress: Creep -- 1.9. Annealing: Recovery and Recrystallization -- References -- 2 Deformation Processes in Impure Metals and Alloys -- 2.1. Yield and Flow in Solution-Hardened Single-Phase Alloys -- 2.2. Yield and Flow in Precipitation-Hardened Alloys -- 2.3. Yield and Flow in Two-Phase Alloys -- 2.4. Yield Drops and Serrated Stress-Strain Curves -- Note Added in Proof -- References -- 3 Fracture -- 3.1. Basic Mechanisms of Ductile and Brittle Failure -- 3.2. Crack Propagation: Fracture Toughness -- 3.3. The Ductile-Brittle Transition in Ferrous Metals -- 3.4. Time-Dependent Failure -- References -- 4 The Properties of Nonmetals -- 4.1. Polymers -- 4.2. Ceramics and Glasses -- 4.3. Composites -- References -- 5 Testing Methods and Techniques -- 5.1. Basic Types of Cryostat and Cooling System -- 5.2. Modifications, Variations, and Special-Purpose Attachments -- 5.3. Extensometry -- References -- 6 Design and Materials Selection Criteria -- 6.1. Compatibility -- 6.2. Toughness -- 6.3. Practicability -- 6.4. Economic Considerations -- 6.5. Other Technical Considerations -- References -- Appendix I A Brief Summary of the American Aluminum Association Alloy and Temper Designation System -- Appendix II Conversion Table for the Units Most Commonly Used to Measure Stress or Pressure -- Appendix III Some Important Cryogenic Temperatures.
    Abstract: In writing this monograph, the aim has been to consider the mechanical properties of the wide range of materials now available in such a way as to start with the fundamental nature of these properties and to follow the discussion through to the point at which the reader is able to comprehend the significance or otherwise of the large amounts of data now available in design manuals and other compilations. In short, it is hoped that this volume will be used as a companion to these data compilations and as an aid to their interpretation. In attempting to cover such a wide field, a large degree of selection has been necessary, as complete volumes have been written on topics which here have had to be covered in a few pages or less. It is inevitable that not everyone will agree with the choice made, especially if it is his own subject which has been discussed rather briefly, and the author accepts full res­ ponsibility for the selection made. The book is written at a level which should be easily followed by a university graduate in science or engineer­ ing, although, if his background has not included a course in materials science, some groundwork may be lacking.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1887-3
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  • 100
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    Linear Programming (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401094627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 89 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Convex Sets -- 1. Convex hulls, polytopes and vertices -- 2. Basic solutions of equations -- 3. Theorem of the separating hyperplane -- 4. Alternative solutions of linear inequalities 10 Exercises -- Two: The Theory of Linear Programming -- 1. Examples and classes of linear programmes -- 2. Fundamental duality theorem -- 3. Equilibrium theorems -- 4. Basic optimal vectors -- 5. Graphical method of solution -- Exercises -- Three: The Transportation Problem -- 1. Formulation of problem and dual -- 2. Theorems concerning optimal solutions -- 3. Method of solution with modifications for degeneracy -- 4. Other problems of transportation type -- Exercises -- Four: The Simplex Method -- 1. Preliminary discussion and rules -- 2. Theory of the simplex method -- 3. Further techniques and extensions -- Exercises -- Five: Game Theory -- 1. Two-person zero-sum games -- 2. Solution of games: saddle points -- 3. Solution of games: mixed strategies -- 4. Dominated and essential strategies -- 5. Minimax theorem -- 6. Solution of matrix games by simplex method -- Exercises -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Solutions to Exercises.
    Abstract: Linear programming is a relatively modern branch of Mathe­ matics, which is a result of the more scientific approach to management and planning of the post-war era. The purpose of this book is to present a mathematical theory of the subject, whilst emphasising the applications and the techniques of solution. An introduction to the theory of games is given in chapter five and the relationship between matrix games and linear programmes is established. The book assumes that the reader is familiar with matrix algebra and the background knowledge required is covered in the book, Linear Equations by P.M. Cohn, of this series. In fact the notation used in this text conforms with that intro­ duced by Cohn. The book is based on a course of about 18 lectures given to Mathematics and Physics undergraduates. Several examples are worked out in the text and each chapter is followed by a set of examples. I am grateful to my husband for many valuable suggestions and advice, and also to Professor W. Ledermann, for encourag­ ing me to write this book.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9462-7
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