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  • World Bank  (42)
  • Labor market  (42)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Moving for prosperity : global migration and labor markets (2018)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464812828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moving for prosperity: global migration and labor markets
    DDC: 331.6/2
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor market ; Labor mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1281-1
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 2
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    Striving for better jobs : the challenge of informality in the Middle East and North Africa (2014)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395356 , 9780821395363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9535-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Back to work : growing with jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (2014)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia reports
    DDC: 331.10947
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9910-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Building the skills for economic growth and competitiveness in Sri Lanka (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 370.113095493
    Keywords: Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0158-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Sticky feet : how labor market frictions shape the impact of international trade on jobs and wages (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.12
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0263-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Urban labor markets in sub-Saharan Africa (2013)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397817 , 9780821397824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.120967
    Keywords: City dwellers Employment ; Labor market ; City dwellers Employment ; Labor market ; City dwellers ; Labor market ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: General introductionPart I. A comparative analysis of urban labour markets in sub-Saharan Africa -- 1. Employment, unemployment and working conditions on the urban labour markets in Africa: main stylised facts -- Part II. Job quality and labour market conditions -- 2. Underemployment and job mismatch in sub-Saharan Africa -- 3. Job satisfaction: a measurement of employment quality compared with aspirations in eight African capitals -- 4. Employment vulnerability and earnings -- Part III. The many dimensions of labour market inequalities -- 5. Education and labour market outcomes in urban West Africa -- 6. Urban labour market segmentation in WAEMU: a distributional approach -- 7. Working at retirement age? a comparison of seven West African capitals -- 8. Domestic work and employment in Africa: what is the trade-off for women? -- 9. Inequality of opportunities on the urban labour market in West Africa -- 10. Decomposing gender and ethnic earnings gaps in seven West African cities -- Part IV. Some key coping mechanisms and private responses -- 11. Why migrating, self-selection and returns to education in the WAEMU -- 12. Returns to returning in West Africa -- 13. The work-school trade-off among West African children: Are household tasks more compatible with school than economic activities? -- 14. General conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9781-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Improving skills development in the informal sector : strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa (2013)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9968-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Nepal's investment climate : leveraging the private sector for job creation and growth (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394656 , 9780821394663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.95496
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Nepal ; Nepal ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9465-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
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    From right to reality : incentives, labor markets, and the challenge of universal social protection in Latin America and the Caribbean (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821386875 , 9780821386873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 423 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development forum series
    DDC: 331.1098
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8687-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
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    More and better jobs in South Asia (2011)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389126 , 9780821389133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: South asia development matters
    DDC: 331.120954
    Keywords: Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; South Asia ; South Asia ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8912-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
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    Gender disparities in Africa's labor market (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380664 , 0821380702 , 9780821380666 , 9780821380703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 420 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum
    DDC: 331.4/133096
    Keywords: Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor ; Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor ; Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor
    Abstract: "A copublication of the Agence française de développement and the World Bank."--T.p
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Why study gender disparities in Africa's labor markets? , Gender disparities in Africa's labor markets : a cross-country comparison using standardized survey data , Exploring the gender pay gap through different age cohorts : the case of Ethiopia , Gender disparities in the Malagasy labor market , Gender differences in pay in African manufacturing firms , Addressing gender inequality in Ethiopia : trends, impacts, and the way forward , Gender, time use, and labor income in Guinea : micro and macro analyses , How does growth affect labor income by gender? : a structural path analysis for Tanzania , Gender disparities in time allocation, time poverty, and labor allocation across employment sectors in Ethiopia , Domestic work time in Sierra Leone , Gender labor income shares and human capital investment in the Republic of Congo , Income generation and intra-household decision making : a gender analysis for Nigeria
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8066-6
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  • 12
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    Globalization, wages, and the quality of jobs : five country studies (2009)
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Keywords: International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7934-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
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    Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4871
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Abstract: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4871
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  • 14
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    Making work pay in Madagascar : employment, growth, and poverty reduction (2008)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082137530X , 0821375318 , 9780821375303 , 9780821375310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 139 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 331.109691
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-134) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
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    Labor market developments during economic transition (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3894
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Labor market developments during economic transition
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Systemtransformation ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; GUS-Staaten ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Abstract: "The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 16
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    Regional labor market developments in transition (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3896
    Parallel Title: Huber, Peter Regional labor market developments in transition
    Keywords: Labor market ; Regional economic disparities ; Labor market ; Regional economic disparities
    Abstract: "The author analyzes regional labor market disparities in transition by presenting some data and summarizing existing literature. He finds that large and persistent regional labor market disparities developed in virtually all transition countries and that there is some evidence of polarization. Differences in starting conditions and market access seem to be the major reasons for regional divergence in transition. Furthermore, regional wages are only slightly more flexible than in many European Union labor markets, interregional migration is low, and capital seems to move toward high wage and low unemployment urban centers rather than to the most backward regions. Policy should thus take a long-run perspective on the existing regional disparities, focus on removing barriers to mobility, review existing institutions for implementing regional policy, and aim at a close coordination of regional and labor market policy instruments. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/25/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 17
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    Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3804
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market ; Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the effects of monetary policy and fiscal adjustment on output and unemployment in Turkey. The model on which the analysis is based accounts for rural-urban migration, a large urban informal sector, flexible exchange rates, a dollarized banking system, and interactions between default risk on government liabilities, credibility, and inflation expectations. The short- and long-run effects of a rise in official interest rates and tax increases are analyzed. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the link between default risk and credibility in understanding the real and financial effects of macroeconomic adjustment. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 18
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    Gross worker flows in the presence of informal labor markets : the Mexican experience 1987-2002 (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3883
    Parallel Title: Bosch, Mariano Gross worker flows in the presence of informal labor markets
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market
    Abstract: "This paper applies recent advances in the study of labor market dynamics to a representative developing country with a large informal or unregulated sector, Mexico. It studies quarterly gross flows of workers over a 15-year period that includes two recoveries and recessions, including the celebrated 1995 Tequila crisis. It finds, first, that the formal or modern salaried sector shows the same procyclical job finding rate and mildly countercyclical separation behavior identified in the recent U.S. literature, and relative wage rigidity, both consistent with Shimer (2005a) and Hall (2005). The unregulated informal sector, however, shows reasonable acyclicality in the job finding rate coupled with sharp countercyclical movements in the job separation rate, consistent with standard small firm dynamics and Davis and Haltiwanger (1992 and 1999). This interaction of regulatory coverage and firm sizes, and patterns of gross worker flows thus sheds suggestive light on the roots of countercyclical job finding behavior in the U.S. literature. Second, the patterns of worker transitions between formality and informality correspond to the job-to-job dynamics observed in the United States and not to the traditional idea of informality constituting the inferior sector of a segmented market. That said, the countercyclical job finding in the formal sector combined with the acyclical job finding in informality does lead to the latter absorbing relatively more labor during downturns. Third, aggregate employment dynamics vary across the Tequila crisis and the later 2001 slowdown, suggesting that not only the composition of employment, but the nature of the shocks is important to understanding how the labor market adjusts."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 19
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    Earnings mobility and measurement error : a pseudo-panel approach (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3745
    Parallel Title: Antman, Francisca Earnings mobility and measurement error
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages
    Abstract: "The degree of mobility in incomes is often seen as an important measure of the equality of opportunity in a society and of the flexibility and freedom of its labor market. But estimation of mobility using panel data is biased by the presence of measurement error and non-random attrition from the panel. This paper shows that dynamic pseudo-panel methods can be used to consistently estimate measures of absolute and conditional mobility in the presence of non-classical measurement errors. These methods are applied to data on earnings from a Mexican quarterly rotating panel. Absolute mobility in earnings is found to be very low in Mexico, suggesting that the high level of inequality found in the cross-section will persist over time. However, the paper finds conditional mobility to be high, so that households are able to recover quickly from earnings shocks. These findings suggest a role for policies which address underlying inequalities in earnings opportunities. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 20
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    How fair is workfare? : Gender, public works, and employment in rural Ethiopia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3492
    Parallel Title: Quisumbing, Ma. Agnes R How fair is workfare?
    Keywords: Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Quisumbing and Yohannes use the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to examine the gender dimensions of public works. They use three rounds of a panel conducted in 1994--95 to explore the determinants of participation in, days worked, wages, and earnings from wage labor, food-for-work (FFW), and self-employment. Then they analyze public works data collected in 1997, together with program data collected in 2003. FFW operates in a similar fashion with other labor markets in Ethiopia where female participation is low. Gender differences are important in the participation decision, but operate differently in different types of labor markets. Better-educated women are more likely to participate in the wage labor market, while higher livestock holdings diminish participation more for women. Females with more schooling are also more likely to participate in FFW. Men's and women's participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community shocks. After controlling for selection in which gender plays an important role, gender disadvantages in the wage labor market and FFW are insignificant. Returns to schooling and height are consistently positive in both wage labor and FFW, suggesting returns to human capital investment, even in the low-skill labor markets of rural Ethiopia. Program characteristics significantly affect participation, with differential effects on men and women. Participation, days worked, wages, and earnings vary according to the type of project. Relative to infrastructure projects, water, social services, and other projects decrease participation probabilities. Distance has a strong negative effect on women's participation relative to men's. This paper--a product of the Gender Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to integrate gender issues into economic policy"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 21
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    Trade and employment : stylized facts and research findings (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3676
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard M Trade and employment
    Keywords: Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages ; Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages
    Abstract: "The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 22
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    Spatial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3752
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Spatial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Regional disparities ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "There was substantial spatial variation in labor market outcomes in Brazil over the 1990s. In 2000, about one-fifth of workers lived in apparently economically stagnant municipios where real wages declined but employment increased faster than the national population growth rate. More than one-third lived in apparently dynamic municipios, experiencing both real wage growth and faster-than-average employment growth. These areas absorbed more than half of net employment growth over the period. To elucidate this spatial variation, the authors estimate spatial labor supply and demand equations describing wage and employment changes of Brazilian municipios. They use Conley's spatial GMM technique to allow for instrumental variable estimation in the presence of spatially autocorrelated errors. The main findings include: (1) a very strong influence of initial workforce educational levels on subsequent wage growth (controlling for possibly confounding variables such as remoteness and climate); (2) evidence of positive spillover effects of own-municipio growth onto neighbors' wage and employment levels; (3) an exodus from farming areas; (4) relatively elastic response of wages to an increase in labor supply; and (5) evidence of a local multiplier effect from government transfers. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/26/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
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    Openness can be good for growth : the role of policy complementarities (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3763
    Parallel Title: Chang, Roberto Openness can be good for growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market
    Abstract: "The authors study how the effect of trade openness on economic growth depends on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated with a simple Harris-Todaro model where output gains after trade liberalization depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. In that model, trade protection may ameliorate the problem of underemployment (and underproduction) in sectors affected by labor market distortions. Hence, trade liberalization unambiguously increases per capita income only when labor markets are sufficiently flexible. The authors then present some panel evidence on how the growth effect of openness depends on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, they use a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor-market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. They find that the growth effects of openness are positive and economically significant if certain complementary reforms are undertaken. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labor market distortions in Côte d'Ivoire : analyses of employer-employee data from the manufacturing sector (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3771
    Parallel Title: Kristensen, Nicolai Labor market distortions in Côte d'Ivoire
    Keywords: Labor market ; Wage differentials ; Labor market ; Wage differentials
    Abstract: "The authors investigate the extent and nature of distortions in the labor market in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire by using quantile regression analysis on employer-employee data from the manufacturing sector. They find that the labor markets in Côte d'Ivoire do not seem to be much distorted. Unions may influence employment through tenure but do not seem to influence wages directly except for vulnerable minorities that seem protected by unions. Establishment-size wage effects are pronounced and highest for white-collar workers. This may be explained by the efficiency wage theory, so that, even in the absence of unions, segmentation and inefficiencies will still be present as long as firms seek to retain their employees by paying wages above the market clearing level. The inefficiency arising from establishment-size wage effects can be mitigated by education. Furthermore, the authors find that the premium to education is highly significantly positive only for higher education, and not for basic education, indicating that educational policies should also focus on higher education. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Pending issues in protection, productivity growth, and poverty reduction (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3799
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Pending issues in protection, productivity growth, and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "This paper selectively synthesizes much of the research on Latin American and Caribbean labor markets in recent years. Several themes emerge that are particularly relevant to ongoing policy dialogues. First, labor legislation matters, but markets may be less segmented than previously thought. The impetus to voluntary informality, which appears to be a substantial fraction of the sector, implies that the design of social safety nets and labor legislation needs to take a more integrated view of the labor market, taking into account the cost-benefit analysis workers and firms make about whether to interact with formal institutions. Second, the impact of labor market institutions on productivity growth has probably been underemphasized. Draconian firing restrictions increase litigation and uncertainty surrounding worker separations, reduce turnover and job creation, and poorly protect workers. But theory and anecdotal evidence also suggest that they, and other related state or union induced rigidities, may have an even greater disincentive effect on technological adoption, which accounts for half of economic growth. Finally, institutions can affect poverty and equity, although the effects seem generally small and channels are not always clear. Overall, the present constellation of labor regulations serves workers and firms poorly and both could benefit from substantial reform. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/16/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unemployment and the earnings structure in Latvia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3504
    Parallel Title: Hazans, Mihails Unemployment and the earnings structure in Latvia
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Unemployment ; Latvia Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Latvia Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "Latvia has recorded sustained GDP and productivity growth since 1997. Yet unemployment rates, despite gradual decrease, have remained high. Hazans explores the mysteries of unemployment in Latvia. He analyzes labor flows between employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation and finds the following results: * The type of education and the region of residence appear to be the most important determinants of success in finding jobs by the unemployed. * The unemployed from ethnic minorities have lower chances to find a job within a year, other things equal, while the difference between genders is not significant. However, neither ethnicity nor gender seems to matter as far as the transition from employment to unemployment is concerned. * Regional disparities in job destruction seem to be less sizable than disparities in job creation. * The analysis of job search methods by the unemployed indicates that two target groups of state employment policy (young unemployed and long-term unemployed) appear to make relatively little use of the public employment service. The author also looks at the impact of education, age, gender, ethnicity, and regional factors on individual earnings. The relative position of youth and women in Latvian labor market, compared with prime?age men, is less unfavorable than in many other countries. Yet the gender wage gap has increased recently, and the same is true for regional disparities. Beneficiaries of the so-called "new" education system have a relatively high market value, especially with graduates from universities and general secondary schools. Finally, returns to experience seem to be nonexistent for many adult workers without higher education. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to understand labor market dynamics"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/1/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Activities, employment, and wages in rural and semi-urban Mexico (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3561
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte Activities, employment, and wages in rural and semi-urban Mexico
    Keywords: Academic achievement ; Labor market ; Wages ; Academic achievement ; Labor market ; Wages ; Mexico Rural conditions ; Mexico Rural conditions
    Abstract: "The author addresses the labor markets in rural and semi-urban Mexico. The empirical analyses show that non-farm income shares increase with overall consumption levels and, also, with time. Rural-dwellers in lower quintiles of the consumption distribution tend to earn a larger share of their nonagricultural incomes from wage labor activities. For the poorest, low-productivity wage labor activities are important. The quantile wage regression analysis for rural Mexico shows a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author's findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than their peers in semi-urban rural areas (localities with less than 15,000 inhabitants). The rural non-farm sector is heterogeneous and includes a great variety of activities and productivity levels across non-farm jobs. Moreover it can reduce poverty in a couple of distinct but qualitatively important ways in rural Mexico. The analysis of non-farm employment in rural Mexico suggests that the two key determinants of access to employment and productivity in non-farm activities are education and location. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3460
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment
    Keywords: Education ; Labor market ; Education ; Labor market
    Abstract: "Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the spirit of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) literature. Returns to schooling estimates which apply to a subgroup of individuals affected by the policy intervention may be more interesting from a policy perspective than the return to the 'average' individual. The authors use an instrument based on the 1980 education reform (the Organic Law of Education) which provided for nine years of compulsory basic education. They also obtain alternative estimates using father's education as an instrument, in an attempt to derive high and low estimates of returns to schooling in Venezuela. The estimates are consistent with recent findings suggesting that the effect of education, at least for certain subgroups affected by a policy intervention, is as large or larger than what is suggested by OLS estimates. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The labor market effects of foreign-owned firms (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3300
    Parallel Title: Almeida, Rita The labor market effects of foreign-owned firms
    Keywords: Corporations, Foreign ; Labor market ; Skilled labor ; Wages ; Corporations, Foreign ; Labor market ; Skilled labor ; Wages
    Note: "May 6, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 7, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3328
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Firms, jobs, and employment in Moldova (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3253
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Firms, jobs, and employment in Moldova
    Keywords: Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 19, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
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    Unlocking the employment potential in the Middle East and North Africa : toward a new social contract (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082135678X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 262 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 331.12/042/0956
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-251) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    Policy options for meeting the millennium development goals in Brazil : can micro-simulations help? (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2975
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G Policy options for meeting the millennium development goals in Brazil
    Keywords: Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Brazil Economic policy ; Brazil Social policy ; Brazil Economic policy ; Brazil Social policy
    Note: "February 20, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 24, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Why is unemployment so high in Bulgaria? (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3017
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Why is unemployment so high in Bulgaria?
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Unemployment
    Note: "April 4, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 8, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Does strict employment protection discourage job creation : evidence from Croatia (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3104
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Does strict employment protection discourage job creation
    Keywords: Employees Dismissal of ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Employees Dismissal of ; Job creation ; Labor market
    Note: "July 23, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on July 24, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    Labor market policies and unemployment in Morocco : a quantitative analysis (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3091
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Labor market policies and unemployment in Morocco
    Keywords: Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Unemployment
    Note: "July 2, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on July 3, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    The impact of minimum wages on employment in a low income country : an evaluation using the difference-in-differences approach (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2985
    Parallel Title: Cameron, Lisa Ann The impact of minimum wages on employment in a low income country
    Keywords: Labor market ; Minimum wage ; Labor market ; Minimum wage
    Note: "February 27, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 3, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Trade liberalization and labor market adjustment in Brazil (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2982
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trade liberalization and labor market adjustment in Brazil
    Keywords: Free trade ; Labor market ; Wages ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Wages
    Note: "February 24, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 26, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
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    Online Resource
    Slovak Republic : living standards, employment and labor market study (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxvii, 162 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/094373
    Keywords: Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Slovakia ; Slovakia Economic conditions 1993- ; Slovakia Economic conditions 1993-
    Note: "This report was prepared by a team led by Ana Revenga and Carlos Silva-Jauregui ... "--P. xi , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    Does eurosclerosis matter? : institutional reform and labor market performance in Central and Eastern Europe (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 61 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia poverty reduction and economic management series
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.519
    DDC: 331.1/0943
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; European Union ; European Union ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
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    Poland's labor market : the challenge of job creation (2001)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 84 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    DDC: 331.12/042/09438
    Keywords: Labor market Congresses ; Labor market Congresses ; Labor market ; Poland ; Poland Congresses Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Congresses Economic conditions 1990-
    Note: "The preliminary findings of this study were first presented to an audience of interested parties in Poland at a conference held in Warsaw on May 9, 2001"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
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    The World Bank's treatment of employment and labor market issues (1992)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821321641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 64 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.177
    DDC: 331.12/091724
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Labor market ; Wages ; Labor market ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 36)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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