Kurzfassung: “Le Domaine Humain” -- The Problem of Common Mechanisms in the Human Sciences -- El problema de los Mecanismos Comunes en las Ciencias Humanas (Resumen) -- Psychanalyse et Psychotherapie -- Psychoanalysis and Psychotheraphy -- Psicoanálisis y Psicoterapia -- From Psychoanalytic Naturalism to Phenomenological Anthropology (Daseinsanalyse) -- La Science de la Maturation et les Voies Nouvelles de la Psychothérapie, de la Psychanalyse et de la Pédagogie Contemporaines -- The Science of Maturation and New Paths in Contemporary Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis and Education -- On Ecstasy and Originality -- Extase et originalité -- The Hippie or What Makes Groovy Tick? -- Le Hippie ou Qu’ Est-Ce Qui Fait Courir Groovy? -- Documents and Reports -- Book Reviews.

Kurzfassung: One -- Two -- Indian Source of the Kakawin -- Three -- Four Balinese Illustrations of the Tale of Lubdhaka -- Glossary on the Text of ?iwar?trikalpa -- List of Proper Names found in ?iwar?trikalpa -- List of Abbreviations -- Plates -- V Illustration 2b. A Balinese painting, in the possession of the Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, photographed by the National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden. -- VI Illustration 3. A Balinese painting owned by Th. A. Resink.

Kurzfassung: In the fifteenth century the ritual called the Night af siwa was well-known in South India, more specifically in the Empire of Vijayanagara, which was flourishing at that time. A Javanese poet of those days, Mpu Tanakun by name, who had become acquainted with the ritual, wrote a didactic poem which aimed to make it known and have it accepted in his own country. For this religious message he employed the form of the kakawin, the court poem or kävya of Java, and in imitation of Indian nxxlels he clad his message in the tale of the hunter, Lubdhaka, who despite his sinful existence was able to share the bliss af heaven through the simple fact that - by accident and unawares- he fulfilled the essential elements af the ritual. It is not known whether the poet's efforts met with success in Java itself; his poem did, however, remain known in Bali, the preserver of so many items af medieval Javanese culture. Not only have Balinese priests laid down and elaborated in religions works the ritual which he proclaimed, but the poem has also inspired Balinese artists to make paintings, in former centuries as well as this. And so the story with its religious message from India, by way of the inspiration of a Java­ nese poet, has beoome part af the Indonesian cultural heritage. Five centuries after Ta.

Kurzfassung: I — Theory and Practice -- 1 Bearing Development and Bearing Theory -- 2 Current Practice in Journal Bearings -- II — Performance in Steady Running -- 3 Functioning of Journal Bearings -- 4 Conventional Hydrodynamic Theory of Laminar Flow -- 5 Similarity Rules, Flow Regimes, and Characteristic Relations -- 6 Observed Bearing Performance -- 7 Approximate Assessment of Performance -- III — Dynamic Characteristics -- 8 Journal Bearings in Vibration -- 9 Conventional Theory of Linearized Dynamic Characteristics with Laminar Flow -- 10 Effects of Inertia of Oil on Dynamic Characteristics -- 11 Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics -- 12 Influence of Bearings in Turbomachinery Vibration -- IV — Operational Experience and Prospective Development -- 13 Operation of Journal Bearings in Turbomachinery -- 14 Prospects in Development of Journal Bearings -- Appendices -- i Analytical Solution for Very Narrow Bearing -- ii Analytical Solution for Infinitely Wide Bearing -- iii Transformation of Axes -- iv Limiting Value of Characteristics at High Eccentricity Ratio -- v Definitions and Units of Viscosity -- vi Properties of Turbine Lubricating Oils -- vii The Apparent Out-of-balance Coefficients -- References.

Kurzfassung: This book deals with the functioning of hydrodynamic journal bearings in turbomachinery. It makes particular reference to large turbine­ generator and marine propulsion plant. Journal-bearing design in this field has been based mainly on experience supplemented by full-scale experimental test. Development is becoming influenced to an increasing extent by research and analysis. Particular attention is given in this book to correlation of research and analytical work with the observed operating characteristics of journal bearings. The physical phenomena in bearings are complicated, and analysis is rendered convenient only by making simplifying assumptions. The engineer must know which assumptions are serviceable and in what operating conditions they may be applied. Current British and European practice in journal bearings is illus­ trated. An examination is made of steady running characteristics, as predicted by theory and as established by test. Some account is given of the dynamic characteristics of journal bearings and of their in­ fluence in machine vibration. Service experience of journal bearings is reviewed, and reference is made to possible future trends in develop­ ment. The book is the outcome of work on turbine plant with Metropolitan­ Vickers and its successor Associated Electrical Industries. The A.E.!. and English Electric activities in this field have recently been incor­ porated in English Electric-A.E.!. Turbine-Generators Ltd. The author expresses his gratitude to the Company for permission to publish the results. He thanks the English Electric Co. Ltd., C. A.

Kurzfassung: 1 Symmetry in General -- 1-1. Introduction -- 1-2. Definition of Symmetry -- 1-3. Symmetry in Our Culture -- 1-4. Symmetry in Nature -- 1-5. Symmetry in Science -- 1-6. References -- 2 Symmetry in Chemistry -- 2-1. Introduction -- 2-2. Symmetry Elements -- 2-3. Point Groups -- 2-4. Rules for Classification of Molecules into Point Groups -- 2-5. Problems -- 2-6. References -- 2-7. Bibliography -- 3 Elementary Mathematics -- 3-1. Definition of a Group -- 3-2. Finite and Infinite Groups -- 3-3. Subgroups -- 3-4. Classes -- 3-5. Definition of a Matrix -- 3-6. Multiplication of Matrices -- 3-7. Transpose of a Matrix -- 3-8. Representation of Groups -- 3-9. Problems -- 3-10. References -- 4 The Character Table -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Types of Representations -- 4-3. Character Tables for the More Common Point Groups -- 4-4. Problem -- 5 Derivation of Selection Rules -- 5-1. Derivation of Selection Rules for Nonlinear Molecules of the Most Common Point Groups -- 5-2. The Td Point Group -- 5-3. The D4h Point Group -- 5-4. The Oh Point Group -- 5-5. The D3h Point Group -- 5-6. The C3v Point Group -- 5-7. The C2v Point Group -- 5-8. Derivation of Selection Rules for Linear Molecules -- 5-9. Problem -- 5-10. References -- 6 Potential Force Fields -- 6-1. The General Quadratic Potential Function -- 6-2. The Central Force Field -- 6-3. The Valence Force Field -- 6-4. The Generalized Valence Force Field -- 6-5. The Urey—Bradley Function -- 6-6. References -- 7 The Normal Coordinate Treatment for Molecules with C2v, C3v, Td, and Oh Symmetry -- 7-1. Procedure Necessary in the NCT Method -- 7-2. Normal Coordinate Treatment of H2O (C2v Symmetry) -- 7-3. Normal Coordinate Treatment of NH3(C3v Symmetry) -- 7-4. Normal Coordinate Treatment of CH4(Td Symmetry) -- 7-5. Normal Coordinate Treatment of UF6(Oh Symmetry) -- 7-6. Some Results of NCT of Molecules -- 7-7. The Product Rule -- 7-8. The Sum Rule -- 7-9. Summary -- 7-10. Problems -- 7-11. References -- 8 Applications of Group Theory -- 8-1. Introduction -- 8-2. Procedure Used in Determing the Structure of a Molecule -- 8-3. Examples Illustrating the Use of Group Theory in Determining Molecular Structure -- 8-4. Practice Problem -- 8-5. Selection of Rules for A3 to A8 Molecules -- 8-6. Forbidden Vibrations for Several Point Groups -- 8-7. Problems -- 8-8. References -- Appendices -- 1. Conversion Table for Wavelength and Wave Number Units -- 3. Diagrams of Normal Vibrations for Common Point Groups -- 4. Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions for Vibrational—Rotational Spectra -- 6. General Method of Obtaining Molecular Symmetry Coordinates -- 7. Conversion Chart for Various Forms of Energy and Velocities.

Kurzfassung: This volume is a consequence of a series of seminars presented by the authors at the Infrared Spectroscopy Institute, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, over the last nine years. Many participants on an intermediate level lacked a sufficient background in mathematics and quantum mechan­ ics, and it became evident that a non mathematical or nearly nonmathe­ matical approach would be necessary. The lectures were designed to fill this need and proved very successful. As a result of the interest that was developed in this approach, it was decided to write this book. The text is intended for scientists and students with only limited theore­ tical background in spectroscopy, but who are sincerely interested in the interpretation of molecular spectra. The book develops the detailed selection rules for fundamentals, combinations, and overtones for molecules in several point groups. Detailed procedures used in carrying out the normal coordinate treatment for several molecules are also presented. Numerous examples from the literature illustrate the use of group theory in the in­ terpretation of molecular spectra and in the determination of molecular structure.

Kurzfassung: Approaches of the concept of style -- The hand of the artist -- Personality and work of the artist -- Awareness of the history of art -- The idea of progress -- The concepts old and new -- Seeing and describing works of art -- Comparisons -- References to pictures.

Kurzfassung: The subject of this book is the higher transcendental function known as the confluent hypergeometric function. In the last two decades this function has taken on an ever increasing significance because of its use in the application of mathematics to physical and technical problems. There is no doubt that this trend will continue until the general theory of confluent hypergeometric functions becomes familiar to the majority of physicists in much the same way as the cylinder functions, which were previously less well known, are now used in many engineering and physical problems. This book is intended to further this development. The important practical significance of the functions which are treated hardly demands an involved discussion since they include, as special cases, a number of simpler special functions which have long been the everyday tool of the physicist. It is sufficient to mention that these include, among others, the logarithmic integral, the integral sine and cosine, the error integral, the Fresnel integral, the cylinder functions and the cylinder function in parabolic cylindrical coordinates. For anyone who puts forth the effort to study the confluent hypergeometric function in more detail there is the inestimable advantage of being able to understand the properties of other functions derivable from it. This gen­ eral point of view is particularly useful in connection with series ex­ pansions valid for values of the argument near zero or infinity and in connection with the various integral representations.

Kurzfassung: I Stress and Strain -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Stress. Definitions and notation -- 3. Stresses in two dimensions -- 4. Stresses in three dimensions -- 5. Mohr’s representation of stress in three dimensions -- 6. Displacement and strain. Introduction -- 7. The geometry of finite homogeneous strain in two dimensions -- 8. Finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions -- 9. Mohr’s representation of finite homogeneous strain without rotation -- 10. Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions -- 11. Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions -- II Behaviour of Actual Materials -- 12. Introductory -- 13. The stress-strain relations for a perfectly elastic isotropic solid -- 14. Special cases: biaxial stress and strain -- 15. Strain-energy -- 16. Anisotropic substances -- 17. Finite hydrostatic strain -- 18. Natural strain -- 19. The equations of viscosity -- 20. Fracture and yield -- 21. The maximum shear stress theory of fracture and its generalizations -- 22. Mohr’s theory of fracture -- 23. Earth pressure -- 24. The Griffith theory of brittle strength -- 25. Strain theories of failure -- 26. The tensile test on ductile materials -- 27. Yield criteria -- 28. The yield surface -- 29. The equations of plasticity -- 30. Substances with composite properties -- III Equations of Motion and Equilibrium -- 31. Introductory -- 32. Simple problems illustrating the behaviour of elastic, viscous, plastic and Bingham substances -- 33. The elastic equations of motion -- 34. The elastic equations of equilibrium -- 35. Special cases of the equations of elasticity -- 36. Special problems in elasticity -- 37. Wave propagation -- 38. Elastic waves -- 39. The equations of motion of a viscous fluid -- 40. Special problems in viscosity -- 41. Plastic flow in two dimensions -- IV Applications -- 42. Introductory -- 43. Experimental results on the mechanical properties of rocks -- 44. Systems having one or more planes of weakness -- 45. Porous media -- 46. Further discussion of criteria for failure -- 47. Stresses and faulting in the crust -- 48. The Coulomb-Navier theory in terms of invariants -- 49. The representation of two-dimensional stress fields -- 50. Stresses around openings -- 51. The use of the complex variable -- 52. Displacements -- 53. Underground measurements and their results -- 54. Measurement of rock properties -- 55. Effects of flaws, size and stress gradient -- 56. The complete stress-strain curve -- V Applications to Structural Geology -- 57. Introductory -- 58. Combination of strains -- 59. Determination of finite strain from deformed objects -- 60. Progressive deformation -- 61. Analysis of strain in folding -- 62. Instability theory: folding and kinking -- 63. Development of preferred orientations of ellipsoidal particles -- Notation -- Author Index.

Kurzfassung: IN this monograph I have attempted to set out, in as elemen­ tary a form as possible, the basic mathematics of the theories of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity, and rheology, together with a discussion of the properties of the materials involved and the way in which they are idealized to form a basis for the mathe­ matical theory. There are many mathematical text-books on these subjects, but they are largely devoted to methods for the solution of special problems, and, while the present book may be regarded as an introduction to these, it is also in­ tended for the large class of readers such as engineers and geologists who are more interested in the detailed analysis of stress and strain, the properties of some of the materials they use, criteria for flow and fracture, and so on, and whose interest in the theory is rather in the assumptions involved in it and the way in which they affect the solutions than in the study of special problems. The first chapter develops the analysis of stress and strain rather fully, giving, in particular, an account of Mohr's repre­ sentations of stress and of finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions. In the second chapter, on the behaviour of materials, the stress-strain relations for elasticity (both for isotropic and simple anisotropic substances), viscosity, plas­ ticity and some of the simpler rheological models are described.

Kurzfassung: to ethnomusicology -- Training possibilities for ethnomusicologists -- Illustrations -- Index of subjects -- Index of regions and peoples the music of which has been studied and/or recorded -- Index of authors, collectors and musicians -- Index of periodicals and of some publications containing articles by various authors.

Kurzfassung: This booklet hardly needs a preface; the contents, I think, speak for themselves. It contains a short and carefully brought up to date resume of all that I, as a private University Lecturer in Amsterdam, have tried to teach my pupils. It is intended as a general introduction to ethnomusicology, before going on to the study of the forms of separate music-cultures. I sincerely hope that those, who wish to teach themselves and to qualify in this branch of knowledge, will find a satisfactory basis for self tuition in the matter here brought together. Regarding the possibility of a new edition, any critical remarks or infor­ mation as to possible desiderata would be very gratefully received. J. K. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION My request for critical remarks and desiderata has not been ignored. My sincere thanks to all who took the trouble to let me know what they missed in my booklet. Through their collaboration the contents have undergone a considerable improvement and enlargement as compared to the original edition issued in 1950 by the Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, under the title 'Musicologica'. I have taken care to add many particulars from non-European sources, with the result that now the book is no longer so Europe-centric as it was.

Kurzfassung: I. The Moon and Man -- 1. Man Moves into the Universe -- 2. Human Consequences of the Exploration of Space -- 3. From Alamogordo to Apollo: Will Man Heed the Lesson? -- II. The Politics of Spacefaring -- 4. Man on the Moon: The Columbian Dilemma -- 5. An American “Sputnik” for the Russians? -- 6. The Lunar Landing and the U.S.-Soviet Equation -- 7. Prospects for International Cooperation on the Moon: The Antarctic Analogy -- 8. Post-Apollo Policy: A Look into the 1970s -- III. The Future of Lunar Studies -- 9. Origin and History of the Moon -- 10. A Space Age Phenomenon: The Evolution of Lunar Studies -- 11. Manned Landings and Theories of Lunar Formation -- 12. A View from the Outside -- IV. The Technological Impact -- 13. The Industrial Impact of Apollo -- 14. Saturn/Apollo as a Transportation System -- 15. Apollo: A Pattern for Problem Solving -- 16. Automatic Checkout Equipment: The Apollo Hippocrates.

Kurzfassung: AFTER THE LUNAR LANDING Our concern in this volume is the impact upon science, technology and international cooperation of man's emer­ gence from the "cradle," the biosphere of Earth, to visit the surface of another planet. The editors invited experts in the physical and social sciences who had been think­ ing, talking and writing about space programs for a long time. Some had been critical of manned space flight, its motives and its costs. Some have been or are currently involved in Project Apollo. Some had not committed themselves to value judgments but were fascinated by probable results. In general, the authors regard the moon landing as a climactic event in man's evolution. Sir Bernard Lovell is likely to have a cataclysmic effect on society suggests it and that an international effort should be mounted to send men to Mars in the 1980s. The question of how Project Apollo relates to a scheme of priorities which takes into account such needs as housing, health, pollution and the problems of urbaniza­ tion enters the discussion from several points of view. Eugene Rabinowitch suggests that Apollo may stimulate the development of a system of establishing national priorities in the application of the nation's resources. Freeman Dyson, on the other hand, does not believe that ix PREFACE x any "hierarchy of committees" can devise an accepted order of priorities.

Kurzfassung: III Sermons and Religious Treatises -- John Alcock -- St John Fisher -- Desiderius Erasmus -- John Colet -- Hugh Latimer -- John de Feckenham -- William Atkinson Richard Whytford -- Jacobus de Gruytroede -- Richard de Methley -- John Colet -- St John Fisher -- King Henry VIII -- The Bible -- William Tyndale -- Miles Coverdale -- Desiderius Erasmus -- St Thomas More -- William Tyndale -- John Frith -- The Book of Common Prayer -- IV Chronicles and Histories -- Robert Fabyan -- John Bourchier, Lord Berners -- ‘The Translator’ -- John Rastell -- Jan van Dvesborch -- Peter Martyr D’Anghiera -- St Thomas More -- Edward Hall -- George Cavendish -- John Bouge -- Nicholas Harpsfield -- V Romances and Tales -- Anonymous -- Anonymous -- Anonymous -- Philippe Camus -- Jean D’Arras -- Anonymous -- John Capgrave -- Anonymous -- Anonymous -- Anonymous -- Notes -- Bibliographies -- Suggested Reading.

Kurzfassung: Acronyms, Abbreviations -- Missile, Rocket, Probe, and Drone Designation System -- Aircraft Designation System -- Ship Designations -- Communication Electronic Equipment Designation System -- Set or Equipment Designation System -- Component Designation System.

Kurzfassung: Acronym agglomeration is an affliction of the age, and there are acronym addicts who, in their weakness, find it impossible to resist them. More than once in recent months my peers have cautioned me about my apparent readiness to use not only acronyms, but abbreviations, foreign­ isms, codes, and other cryptic symbols rather than common, ordinary American words. Many among us, though, either have not received or have chosen to ignore such advice. As a consequence, what we write and speak is full of mystery and confusion. It is then for the reader and listener and for the writer and speaker that Reta C. Moser has compiled this guide. Its effective application to the art of communication is urged. Such use should help avoid many of the misunderstandings involving terminology which occur daily. Although such misunderstandings are certainly crucial in humanistic and social situations, they are often of immediate import and the trigger to disaster in scientific, technical, and political situations. Some 15,000 acronyms and 25,000 definitions are provided (a 50- and 47 -percent increase over the 1964 edition!), with due credit to Miss Moser's diligence in making the compilation and with the acknowledgment that the acronymical phenomenon is very much with us. This edition, like the first, is certain to be of value to writers, librarians, editors, and others who must identify and deal with acronyms.

Kurzfassung: I. The Man -- Foreword. Death of a Hero -- I. The Path selected -- II. The Debate -- Prologue to a Debate -- 2. Genesis of the Unified Military Doctrine -- 3. A Battle of Articles -- 4. A Blossom in the Hotbed -- 5. The Debate at the Eleventh Party Congress -- III. The Doctrine -- The End to a Debate -- 6. Wars of the Future -- 7. Arms, Technology, and the Masses -- 8. The Regular Army and Militia -- 9. Inside the Academy and Out -- IV. Some Conclusions -- Ritualism and Reality -- 10. Frunze Today and in 1984 -- 11. Frunze’s Testament -- Epilogue: Who won? -- Appendices -- Appendix 1. ”Front and Rear in War of the Future” -- Appendix 2. ”Our Military Construction and the Tasks of the Military-Scientific Societies” -- Appendix 3. A Note on Frunze’s Campaigns -- Bibliographical note.

Kurzfassung: Alongside the names of such giants of Soviet history as Brezhnev, Khrush­ chev, Kirov, Kosygin, Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky, the name of Mikhail Vasil'evich Fronze may seem to be out of place. In spite of a most impres­ sive flowering of Western scholarship on various aspects of the Soviet Union, the figure of Fronze remains relatively undeveloped. It is, in fact, quite possible to produce a history of the Soviet Union in which he is not 1 mentioned. It has been done several times. The Western neglect of Fronze is not duplicated in works produced in the Soviet Union. There, Frunze is almost invariably treated as a major figure and is popularly regarded as one of the great strategists of the early days of the Soviet republic. He holds, as well, a high place in the ranks of the "Old Bolsheviks. " How are these constrasts between the Western and the Soviet scholarly positions to be explained? Several factors account for the high position occupied by Frunze in Soviet historiography. He was a military hero. He had a long record of revolution­ ary activity. He died at an early age and did not become involved in the purges and other excesses of Stalin's later career. In short, Frunze's short, active life and his contributions to the revolution suited him almost ideally to the role of historical hero. Western scholars have neglected him, probably, for a number of reasons.

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. The Lateran Pacts and the Constituent Assembly -- Introductory Statement -- Initial Skirmishes -- The Debate on Lateran -- The Statisti and Left Parties -- The Vatican Position -- Determining Attitudes: Christian Democrats and Communists -- III. The Catholic Church and the Italian State: The Case of the Bishop of Prato -- Development of the Case -- Preliminary Hearings -- The Trial Begins -- The Case for the Plaintiff -- The Public Prosecutor -- The Case for the Defendant -- The Verdict -- Appeal and Reversal -- IV. Freedom of Religion I: Pre-War Background and Postwar Developments -- The Theory of Freedom of Religion -- The Creation of the Constitutional Court -- The Former Policy -- The New Era and the Pentecostal Sect -- V. Freedom of Religion II: Aggiornamento -- Intervention Ex-officio -- The Impact of the 1953 elections -- The Paden Case -- The Lasco Case -- VI. The Needed Relationship -- Tables -- Appendices.

Kurzfassung: Italy is left out of most contemporary comparative studies of political systems. This omission can be due neither to any intrinsic unimportance of Italy in Europe, nor to the absence of parallel similarities and differ­ ences - the prerequisites of comparative explanation - between the Italian and other Western political systems. It may be due to the paucity of case studies of Italian politics, upon which comparisons would have to be based. Professor Bucci's book will contribute toward overcoming this scarcity. Not only is Italy under-represented in comparative studies of post­ war European politics, but there is also a shortage of monographs dealing with particular aspects of Italian politics since the founding of the Republic, especially in English. I hope that Dr. Bucci's work, which is based exclusively upon original Italian sources, signals the beginning of exploration, more systematic than hitherto, of the goldmine for case studies which post-war Italian politics presents to political scientists.

Kurzfassung: I: Introduction -- II: Religious Positivism -- III: Religious Empiricism -- IV: The Faith Protected -- V: The Role of Reason in Religion -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Previous Work on Mansel.

Kurzfassung: Henry Longueville Mansel published his Bampton Lectures in 1858, twenty­ seven years after Hegel's death and twelve years before the publication of Ritschl's Rechtfertigung und Versoehnung. The timing is significant. As a sweeping critique of liberalism, frequently symbolized by the work of Hegel, the lectures react to the slow but inexorable permeation of English religious thought by German ways of thinking. By 1858, the process was sufficiently widespread that Mansel felt justified in devoting the principal portion of his work to the attack. Ritschl marks the effective end of Hegel's direct influence on theology and a return to a more Kantian mode of thinking. His gambit had already been made, for Mansel is in many ways a more cautious version of Ritschl. Mansel, however, wrote in English and had the misfortune to say what he did at the beginning of a movement so strong that it allowed no quali­ fication. Thus Mansel's thought was rarely accepted. He was certainly not ignored, at least at the time. The lectures, entitled "The Limits of Religious Thought," were an immediate sensation. They were quickly reprinted both on the Continent and in America and went through two editions in 1858, two more in 1859, and a fifth in 1867. For a period they became "almost a textbook in the schools of the University. " 1 Few leading divines of the day were silent and fewer yet were neutral.

Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Prospecting -- 3 Planning and Development -- 4 Removal of Overburden -- 5 The Use of Explosives in Surface Mining -- 6 Quarrying Hard Rocks -- 7 Working Iron and Copper Deposits by Open Pits -- 8 Opencast Coal -- 9 Surface Mining of Bauxite, Clays, Chalk and Phosphates -- 10 Surface Mining of Gold, Platinum, Uranium and Gemstones -- 11 Sand and Gravel -- 12 Alluvial Mining -- 13 Power Supply in the Surface Mining Industries -- 14 Reclamation after Surface Mining -- 15 The Management of Surface Mines -- Appendix I—Electromagnetic Prospecting -- Appendix II—Performance of Medium and Large Draglines -- Appendix III—Aggregates in Concrete.

Kurzfassung: Quarrying and all other branches of surface mining rather than diminishing in importance have become of more and more consequence economically, industrially and particularly with the depletion of high-grade deep-mined mineral reserves. Low-grade minerals require low cost extraction and this in many cases necessitates very expensive mechanized equipment with the cost of individual units running into millions of pounds in the case of large­ scale operations with high productivity. There has been, and there still is, a tendency for the smaller single quarries to be amalgamated into groups with large financial resources and therefore with the ability to purchase these expensive machines so necessary to make operations viable. This in turn requires wider administrative and technical knowledge in executives of these groups and as these often handle a wide range of products from widely differing systems of working, this technical knowledge should embrace the exploitation of many different types of deposits. There is, at present, a great dearth throughout the world of such qualified executives as is apparent from advertisements of vacancies in the technical press. It would appear that these industries offer an attractive career to the widely qualified and experienced technologist in these fields. This book deals with methods of working in the surface extractive indus­ tries, quarry management and power supply-but does not deal with related ancillary processes except where these affect quarrying operations.

Kurzfassung: Approaches of the concept of style -- The hand of the artist -- Personality and work of the artist -- Awareness of the history of art -- The idea of progress -- The concepts old and new -- Seeing and describing works of art -- Comparisons -- References to pictures.

Kurzfassung: I: The Evolution of Irony -- I: The Ironic Vision in Modern Literature -- II: Tragic Irony: Ancient and Modern -- II: The Philosophers Set the Stage for the Ironic Vision -- III: Schopenhauer: The Implicit Irony of Pessimism -- IV: The Dilemma of the Superman -- III: Religious Irony -- V: Irony and the Religious Quest -- VI: Death the Supreme Ironist -- IV: Irony in Modern Poetry, Fiction, and Drama -- VII: Thomas Hardy the Cosmic Ironist -- VIII: Anatole France and Aesthetic Irony -- IX: Chekhov’s Naturalistic Irony -- X: Illusion Versus Reality -- V: Irony and the Diabolical -- XI: The Devil as Ironist -- XII: The Irony of Thomas Mann -- VI: The Nihilism of the Absurd and the Absurdity of Art -- XIII: The Irony of the Absurd -- VII: Conclusion -- XIV: Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: Table des Matières / List of Contents -- Première séance (plénière) -- 1. Paroles de bienvenue -- Prof. Dr. W. Brundert, Oberbürgermeister -- Prof. Dr. E. Schütte, Kultusminister -- Dr. H. Lohse, Präsident, Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare. -- 2. Discours d’ouverture du Président de la Fédération -- 3. Rapport financier du Trésorier -- 4. Rapport du Secrétaire général -- 5. Rapport du représentant de I’UNESCO -- 6. Rapport du représentant de la FID -- Deuxième séance (plénière) -- 7. « Le livre et la bibliothèque dans une société industrielle — Books and libraries in an industrial society » -- a) Prof. Dr. W. RÜEGG -- b) Dr. J. E. MORPURGO. -- c) Mr. V. ORLOV (document distribué). -- Troisième séance (plénière) -- 8. Rapports et résolutions des Sections et Commissions -- Associations internationales: AIL, IATUL -- A. Résolutions des Sections (de types de bibliothèques) -- la. Bibliothèques nationales et universitaires -- 1b. Sous-section des bibliothèques universitaires -- 2. Bibliothèques de lecture publique -- 2a. INTAMEL -- 2b. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’enfants -- 2c. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’hôpitaux -- 3. Bibliothèques spécialisées -- 3a. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’observatoires astronomiques -- 4. Bibliothèques parlementaires et administratives -- B. Résolutions des Commissions (problèmes de bibliothéconomie) -- 1. Unification des règles de catalogue -- 2. Catalogues collectifs et prêt international -- 3. Echange de publications -- 3a. Echange de publications officielles -- 4. Périodiques et publications en série -- 5. Statistique -- 6. Fonds et documents rares et précieux -- 7. Formation professionnelle -- 8. Construction des bibliothèques -- 9. Mécanisation -- 10. Bibliographie -- 9. Communications du Bureau exécutif -- a) Le prix Sevensma -- b) La commission de la statistique -- c) Changements de fonctionnaires -- d) Charte de livre -- e) Sessions futures du Conseil général -- 10. Discours de clôture du Président -- Annexes -- Rapports Annuels Et Détails des Associations-Membres Annual Reports and Details of Member-Associations -- UDC (100) Associations internationales -- Association of Libraries of Judaica and Hebraica in Europe -- International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists (IAALD) -- International Association of Technological University Libraries (IATUL) -- International Association of Law Libraries -- Association of International Libraries -- Membres nationaux UDC (4) Europe -- Allemagne: -- Bundesrepublik: Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare, 1967/1968 -- Verein der Bibliothekare an öffentlichen Büchereien (vormals: Verein Deutscher Volksbibliothekare) 1967/1968 -- Verein der Diplom-Bibliothekare an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, 1967/1968 -- Deutscher Büchereiverland -- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken 1967/1968 -- D.D.R. Deutscher Bibliotheksverband, 1967/1968. -- Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, 1967 -- Deutsche Bücherei, 1967/1968 -- Nationale Forschungs-und Gedänkstätten, Weimar -- Autriche:Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekare, 1967/1968 -- Verband Österreichischer Volksbüchereien -- Association des archivistes et bibliothécaires de Belgique, et Vlaamse Vereniging van Bibliothek -en archiefpersoneel -- Croix-Rouge de Belgique. Conseil national des Bibliothèques d’hôpitaux -- Union des Bibliothécaires auxiliaires sociaux. -- Association nationale des Bibliothécaires d’expression française de Belgique -- Bulgarie: Libraries in Bulgaria, 1967/1968 -- Danemark: Libraries in Denmark, 1967/1968 -- Danmarks Biblioteksforening -- Danmarks Videnskabelige og Faglige Bibliotekers Sammenslutning -- Espagne:Asociación nacional de Archiveros, bibliotecarios y arqueólogos de España -- Finlande: Suomen Kirjastoseura, 1967/1968 -- Suomen tieteellinen Kirjastoseura. Finlands Vetenskapliga Bibliotekssamfund -- France: Association des bibliothécaires français -- Grande-Bretagne: The Library Association, 1967 -- Hollande: Libraries in the Netherlands in 1967 -- Rijkscommissie van advies inzake het bibliotheekwezen -- Centrale Vereniging voor openbare Bibliotheken -- Nederlandse Vereniging van Bibliothecarissen -- Hongrie: Association of Hungarian librarians, 1967. -- Islande: Association of Icelandic Librarians -- Italie: Associazione Italiana Biblioteche, 1967/1968 -- Luxembourg: Bibliothèque nationale du Grand-Duché -- Monaco: Bibliothèque de Monaco -- Norvège: Norsk bibliotekforening, 1966 and 1967 -- Norsk bibliotekarlag -- Norsk forskningsbibliotekarers forening -- Pologne: Association des bibliothécaires polonais, 1968 -- Portugal: Direcçäo-Geral do Ensino superior e das Belas-artes -- Roumanie: Asociatia hibliotecarilor din Republica Populara Romîna -- Suède: Svenska Bibliotekariesamfundet -- Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksforening -- Sveriges Vetenskapliga Specialbiblioteks förening -- Svenska Folkbibliotekarieförbundet -- Swedish libraries, 1967/1968 -- Suisse: Vereinigung Schweizerischer Bibliotekare, 1967/1968 -- URSS: USSR Library Council. Library activities in the USSR (Russian text) -- English summary -- Vatican: Biblioteca apostolica Vaticana -- Yugoslavie: Savez drustava bibliotekara Jugoslavije, 1966/1967 -- (4) Asia -- Hong Kong: Hong Kong Library Association -- Inde: Indian Library Association -- Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centers (IASLIC), 1967 -- Israel: Israel Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Japon: Japan Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Jourdain: Jordan Library Association, 1967 -- Liban: Lebanese Library Association, 1968/1969 -- Thailande: Thai Library Association -- Turquie: Türk Kütüphaneciler Dernegi -- (6) Afrique -- Afrique du Sud: The South African Libraries, 1967/1968 -- Ghana: Ghana Library Association -- Tunisie: Association tunisienne des Documentalistes, Bibliothécaires et Archivistes -- (7) Amérique du Nord -- Canada: Canadian Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Association canadienne des bibliothécaires de langue française, 1968 -- Ontario Library Association -- Quebec Library Association -- Etats-Unis d’Amérique American Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Medical Library Association -- Special Libraries Association, 1967/1968 -- American Association of Law Libraries -- Association of Research Libraries -- Puerto Rico: Sociedad de Bibliotecarios de Puerto Rico -- (5) Amérique latine -- Brésil: Associaçâo Paulista de Bibliotecârios -- Associaçâo Brasileira de Bibliotecâ.rios -- Federaçâo Brasileira de Associaçóes de Bibliote-cârios (FEBAB) -- Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentaçâo -- Mexique: Asociación Mexicana de Bibliotecarios -- Pérou: Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecarios -- Uruguay: Asociación de Bibliotecarios del Uruguay -- (9) Australasie -- Australie: Library Association of Australia, 1967 -- Nouvelle-Zélande: New Zealand Library Association, 1967/1968 -- * * * -- Associate members / Membres associés.

Kurzfassung: 1 Theory of Algorithms and Discrete Processors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discrete Processors -- 3. Examples of Discrete Processors -- 4. Computers and Discrete Processors -- 5. Systems of Algorithmic Algebras -- 6. Application of Algorithmic Algebras to Transformations of Microprograms -- 7. Equivalence of Discrete Processors -- 8. Equivalence of Automata with Terminal States Relative to an Automaton without Cycles -- 9. Specific Cases of Solutions to the Equivalence Problem -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Programming Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Basic Linguistic Nature of Programming Languages -- 3. Programming Languages and Semiotics -- 4. The Formal Definition of Programming Lan guages -- 5. The Definition of Programmable Automata and their Languages -- 6. Parallel Concurrent Processes -- 7. Machine Languages -- 8. Special and General-Purpose Algorithmic Languages -- 9. Special Problem-Oriented Languages -- 10. Simulation Languages -- 11. Conversational Languages -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Formula Manipulation—The User’s Point of View -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Different Types of Formula Manipulation Systems -- 3. Toward a Mathematical Utility -- 4. The Formula Manipulation Language Symbal -- 5. The Syntax of Symbal -- 6. The Basic Symbols and Syntactic Entities -- 7. Expressions -- 8. The Remaining Parts of the Language -- 9. Standard Variables -- 10. Techniques and Applications -- 11. Summary -- References -- 4 Engineering Principles of Pattern Recognition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Problems in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Feature Selection and Preprocessing -- 4. Pattern Classification by Distance Functions -- 5. Pattern Classification by Potential Functions.. -- 6. Pattern Classification by Likelihood Functions -- 7. Pattern Classification by Entropy Functions.. -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 5 Learning Control Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trainable Controllers -- 3. Reinforcement Learning Control Systems -- 4. Bayesian Learning in Control Systems -- 5. Learning Control Systems Using Stochastic Approximation -- 6. The Method of Potential Functions and its Application to Learning Control -- 7. Stochastic Automata as Models of Learning Controllers -- 8. Conclusions -- Appendix. Stochastic Approximation—A Brief Survey -- References -- Author Index.

Kurzfassung: Engineering has long been thought of by the public as a profession tra­ ditionally categorized into such branches as electrical, mechanical, chemical, industrial, civil, etc. This classification has served its purpose for the past half century; but the last decade has witnessed a tremendous change. A continuous transition from the practical to the theoretical has made technology overlap with science, and the enlargement of scope and broad­ ened diversification have smeared the boundaries between traditional engi­ neering and scientific fields. Engineering is rapidly becoming a diversified, multidisciplinary field of scientific endeavor. This has prompted us to regard modern engineering as a science, which has as its ingredients materials, energy, and information. In our complex and technologically-oriented society organizations are flooded with an enormous amount of management information. We are now faced with problems concerning the efficient use of communicated knowledge. The steady growth in the magnitude and complexity of informa­ tion systems necessitates the development of new theories and techniques for solving these information problems. We demand instant access to pre­ viously recorded information for decision making, and we require new meth­ ods for analysis, recognition, processing, and display. As a consequence, information science has evolved out of necessity. Concerned with the theoretical basis of the organization, control, stor­ age, retrieval, processing, and communication of information both by natural and artificial systems, information science is multidisciplinary in character. It covers a vast area of subject matter in the physical and biological sciences.

Kurzfassung: 1. The Manuscript -- 2. The Script -- 3. The Spelling -- 4. The Punctuation -- 5. The Author -- 6. The Contents of the Work -- 7. The Main Ideas of the Work -- 8. The Catechism drawn from this Text -- 9. Comparison of the Catechism with the Main Text -- Text and Translation of Leiden Cod. Or. 1928 -- Text and Translation of the Catechism (Leiden Cod. Or. 11.092) -- Plates I and II: Facsimiles of Pages from Leiden -- List of Proper Names and Book Titles occurring in the Text -- Arabic Words in the Text (except the Arabic quotations) -- Arabic Terms and Phrases in the Javanese Text -- appendix I The Remainder of Leiden Cod. Or. 11.092 -- appendix II Facsimiles of Pages from Leiden Cod. Or. 1928.

Kurzfassung: Systems, Equipment, Techniques, and Trends -- What Has Computer Graphics to Offer? -- Computer Graphics Hardware Techniques -- Computer Graphics Software Techniques -- Interactive Software Techniques -- Computer Display System Tradeoffs -- Computer Graphics in the United States -- The U.K. Scene -- Low Cost Graphics -- Remote Display Terminals -- Applications, Installations -- Graphical Computer Aided Programming Systems -- Alphanumeric Terminals for Management Information -- Computer Graphics Used for Architectural Design and Costing -- Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- Appendix to Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- High Energy Physics Applications -- Mechanical Design Using Graphics -- Electronic Design Using Graphics -- Man-Machine Co-operation on a Learning Task -- Some Hardware, Software and Applications Problems -- For the Computer Technologist -- Present-day Computer Graphics Research -- For Reference -- Some Commercially Available Computer Graphics Systems.

Kurzfassung: to Volume Two -- Classification -- The 18-electron rule -- 1. Two-Electron Ligands -- A. Classification -- B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes -- C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in organo-metallic complexes -- D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals -- E. General comments of 2-electron ligands -- F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands -- 2. Three-Electron Ligands -- A. Preparation of ?-enyl complexes -- B. The structure of ?-enyl complexes -- C. The ?-allyl metal bond -- D. Dynamic equilibria in allyl complexes -- E. The chemistry of particular ?-enyl complexes -- 3. Four-Electron Ligands -- A. Some differences between unconjugated and conjugated olefin ligands -- B. The bonding of 4-electron ligands to transition metals -- C. Particular studies -- 4. Five-Electron Ligands -- A. Cyclopentadienyl metal complexes -- B. ?-Cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- C. Cyclopentadienide transition metal complexes -- D. The bonding in mono-?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- E. ?-Cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes -- F. ?-Cyclopentadienyl nitrosyl complexes -- G. Brief notes on binuclear ?-cyclopentadienyl complexes containing bridging ligands -- H. ?-Cyclopentadienyl hydride complexes -- I. ?-Cyclopentadienyl halides and oxides -- J. Other 5-electron ligands -- K. The organic chemistry of ?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- L. Some particular reactions -- 5. Six-Electron Ligands -- A. Arene transition metal complexes -- (a) Preparation -- B. Olefin 6-electron ligands -- C. Transition metal complexes containing ?-bonded heterocyclic ligands -- 6. Seven-Electron Ligands Mixed Sandwich Complexes Related Azulene Derivatives and Cyclo-Octatetraene Complexes -- A. 7-Electron ligands -- B. Mixed sandwich complexes -- C. Metal complexes formed from azulenes -- D. Cyclo-octatetraene complexes -- 7. One-Electron Ligands -- I.1. Hydrocarbon alkyl and aryl complexes -- I.2 Transition metal-acyl complexes -- I.3. ?-Cyclopentadienyl complexes -- II. Transition metal fluorocarbon complexes -- III. Transition metal acetytides and alkynyls -- 8. Organometallic Complexes Formed From Acetylenes -- A. Monoacetylene, mononuclear complexes: acetylenes as 2-elec-tron ligands -- B. Monoacetylene binuclear complexes: acetylenes as 4-electron ligands -- C. Monoacetylene trinuclear complexes -- D. Monoacetylene tetranuclear complexes -- E. Bis-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- F. Bis-acetylene trinuclear complexes -- G. Tris-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- H. Tris-acetylene binuclear complexes -- I. Miscellaneous -- 9. The Role of Organotransition Metal Complexes in Some Catalytic Reactions -- A. Some chemistry of transition metal hydride complexes -- B. Some catalytic reactions which involve hydrogen transfer: isomerization reactions -- C. Homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins and acetylenes -- D. Some dimerization oligomerization and polymerization reactions of olefins and acetylenes -- E. Hydroformylation and related carhonylation reactions -- F. Some general comments on the relationship between heterogeneous and homogeneous transition metal catalysts -- G. Miscellaneous -- Author -- Subject -- Crystal Structures〉.

Kurzfassung: to thank Messrs J. R. Sanders, W. E. Lindsell and M. G. Swanwick for helping to check the text and references and prepare indexes. Finally, I should like to thank my wife for the very considerable assis­ tance she has given me in the writing and production of this book. M. L. H. G. Contents Preface to the Third Edition, Volume Two Page v INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME TWO I Oassification I The IS-electron rule 2 (i) The basis of the I8-electron rule p. 4, (ii) Exceptions to the I8-electron rule p. 5 1. TWO-ELECTRON LIGANDS 7 A. Classification 7 B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes 7 (a) Displacement of solvent ligands p. 9, (b) Preparations from metal carbonyls p. 9, (c) Less common preparative routes p. 11, Reductive olefination method p. 12 C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in orga- metallic complexes 13 (a) General comments p. 13, (b) Symmetry considerations p. 13, (c) Energies of the molecular orbitals p. 14 D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals 14 E. General comments of 2-electron ligands 19 (a) Infrared studies p. 20, (b) Effect of olefin substituents p. 21, (c) The rotation of ethylene about the ligand-metal bond p. 22, (d) Chemical properties p. 23 F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands 25 (a) Copper, silver and gold p. 25, Complexes with benzene p. 28, (b) Nickel, palladium and platinum p.

Kurzfassung: I. The Postwar Setting -- II. Reparation or Hegemony? The Background and Development of Poincaré’s Ruhr Policy -- III. Opposition and the Retreat from Hegemony -- IV. Britain and the Policy of Benevolent Neutrality -- V. The Abandonment of Benevolent Neutrality -- VI. Weimar Germany and the Ruhr Struggle -- VII. Stresemann and the Fulfilment Policy -- VIII. United States Policy: The Wilson Administration and the Developing Ruhr Question -- XI. Charles Evans Hughes and the Emergence of the Dawes Plan -- X. Some Conclusions -- Appendices -- Bibliographical Essay -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: Given the atmosphere of the time, given the passions aroused in all democracies by years of war, it would have been impossible even for supermen to devise a peace of moderation and righteousness .•..• human error is a permanent and not a periodic factor in history. Harold Nicolson, writing in I933 of the Treaty of Versailles 1 Although the period of history from 1918 to 1925 has been the subject of considerable analysis and interpretation by historians, journalists, and students of international politics, there are certain aspects of this postwar era which are greatly in need of further study and evaluation. The occupation of the Ruhr area of Germany by French and Belgian troops in 1923 is one of these. While it is not the intention of the present writer to deal definitively or exhaustively with all possible sources, either for the era in general or for the Ruhr episode itself, he does seek to note and compare some influential French, British, German, and American attitudes.

Kurzfassung: One: The Indian States in India -- Two: The State of Jammu and Kashmir -- Section I. The Land and the People -- Section II. History -- Section III. British Interest in Kashmir -- Section IV. The Economy -- Three: The Democratic Struggle -- Section I. In India -- Section II. In Kashmir -- Section III. India, Pakistan and the Indian States -- Four: Kashmir Accedes to India -- Section I. The Maharaja’s Dilemma -- Section II. The Invasion of the Tribesmen and Accession to India -- Five: In the United Nations -- Section I. The International Posture of India and Pakistan in 1948 -- Section II. The United Nations Mediation -- Section III. The Role of the United Nations Commission 1948–1949 -- Section IV. The McNaughton Proposals and Dixon’s Mediation -- Six: The Continued Deadlock -- Section I. The Commonwealth Mediation -- Section II. Dr. Graham’s Mediation, 1951–1953 -- Section III. Direct Negotiations -- Seven: The Internal Dynamics of Kashmir -- Section I. Constitutional Developments -- Section II. Economic Developments in Kashmir -- Section III. Political Constellations -- Section IV. The Aligned and the Non-Aligned in Kashmir -- Section V. Kashmir and her Constitution -- Section VI. Azad Kashmir -- Eight: The Kashmir Imbroglio -- Section I. The Security Council, 1957–1958 -- Section II. The Home Front -- Section III. The International Perspective -- Nine: The Chinese Intervention -- Section I. The Security Council, 1962 -- Section II. Cold War in Kashmir -- Section III. Tumult in Kashmir -- Section IV. The Security Council, 1964 -- Ten: The Arbitrament of the Sword -- Section I. Sadiq, Abdullah and Bakshi -- Section II. The Arbitrament of the Sword -- Section III. The Security Council, 1965 -- Section IV. 1966 and After -- Epilogue -- Treaty of Amritsar, 1846 -- Supplement to Treaty of Lahore, 1846 -- Text of the “agreement” signed by China and Pakistan in Peking on March 2, 1963 -- Resolution of the Security Council of January 17, 1948 -- Resolution of the Security Council of January 20, 1948 -- Resolution of the Security Council of April 21, 1948 -- Resolution of the Commission of August 13, 1948 -- Resolution of the Commission of January 5, 1949 -- Resolution of the Security Council of March 14, 1950 -- Resolution of the Security Council of March 30, 1951 -- Resolution of the Security Council of January 24, 1957 -- Resolution of the Security Council of February 21, 1957 -- Resolution of the Security Council of December 2, 1957 -- Resolution of the Security Council of September 4, 1965 -- Resolution of the Security Council of September 6, 1965 -- Resolution of the Security Council of September 20, 1965 -- Resolution of the Security Council of November 5, 1965 -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: This study is primarily meant for readers outside India, and that explains the lengthy background which it provides. Although literature on the issue is growing daily, each work is written from a certain angle, and that is quite understandable. Every mind has a particular drawing bias; the information supplied is therefore necessarily coloured by tpe views a writer holds. There are to the author's mind two ways of approaching a subject: One would attempt to fit the facts into the value system of the writer, the other would try to draw values from the mass of materials under study. In either case there is no escaping the subjective evaluation of the narrator; and the present writer does not claim any immunity from the process. Kashmir's present history has two aspects. One of them is international, and here the ups and downs in the fortunes of the two States are to be seen against the complexity of power relations in the multinational world body. The other is the internal dynamics, which have their own compelling logic. An attempt has been made in this study to correlate the two into some sort of unity, but it is not for the writer to evaluate its success.

Kurzfassung: IFLA/FIAB -- Programme -- Premiere Séance / First Session -- Comptes de la Fédération -- Deuxième Séance / Second Session -- Troisième Séance / Third Session -- Séance Spéciale/Special Session -- Annexes -- Membres Nationaux / National Members -- Bundesrepublik Deutschland, III: Verein der Diplom-Bibliothekare an Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken e. V -- Bundesrepublik Deutschland, IV: Deutscher Büchereiverband e.V.: -- Deutsche Demokratische Republik I. Deutscher Bibliotheksverband -- Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin -- Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig -- Autriche / Austria, I: Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekare -- Belgique / Belgium -- Bulgarie / Bulgaria -- Danemark / Denmark -- Finlande / Finland. I: Suomen Kirjastoseura / Finnish Library Association -- Grande-Bretagne / Great Britain -- Hollande / Holland -- Hongrie / Hungary -- Italie / Italy -- Pologne / Poland -- Suéde / Sweden -- Suisse / Switzerland -- UDC (5) ASIE / ASIA -- Israël / Israel -- Japon / Japan -- UDC (6) Afrique / Africa -- UDC (7) Amérique du Nord / North America -- États-UNIS D’Amérique / United States of America, I -- UDC (8) Amérique Latine / Latin America -- UDC (9) Australasie / Australasia.

Kurzfassung: 1. Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying. Causes of Faults. Definitions. Functions of Protective Relays. Application to a Power System -- 2. Relay Design and Construction. Characteristics. Choice of Measuring Units. Construction of Measuring Units. Construction of Timing Units. Details of Design. Cases. Panel Mounting. Operation Indicators. Finishes -- 3. The Main Characteristics of Protective Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Relay Characteristics. General Equation for Characteristics. Inversion Chart. Resonance. Appendix -- 4. Overcurrent Protection. Time-Current Characteristics. Application. Limits of Error. Ratings. Directional Overcurrent Protection. A.C. Tripping. Schemes for Radial Feeders. Construction. Application. Problem -- 5. Distance Relays. General Principles. Special Characteristics. Limitations. Application to Lines. Settings. Multi-terminal Lines. Construction. A.C. Potential Supply. Simultaneous Ground Faults. Auto-reclosing Zero Sequence Compensation -- 6. Switched and Polyphase Distance Relays. Reduction of Measuring Units. Automatic Switching Schemes. Polyphase Distance Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Analysis of Polyphase Comparators -- 7. Directional Pilot Relaying. Basic Principles. Pilot Wire Schemes. Carrier Channel Schemes. Carrier Signal Checking. Future Trends -- 8. A.C. Pilot Relaying. Pilot Wire Schemes. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Effect of Load Current. Multi-terminal Lines. Pilot Wire Limitations. Pilot Supervision. Phase Comparison Carrier -- 9. Protection of A.C. Machines. Generator Protection. Stator Faults. Rotor Faults. Miscellaneous Faults. Motor Protection. Faults. Unbalanced Conditions. Power Station Auxiliaries. Current Differential Relaying -- 10. Power Transformer Protection. Types of Faults. Gas Relays. Differential Relays. Magnetising Inrush. Minimising of Effects. Relay Solutions. Grounding Transformers. Generator Transformer Units. Transformer Feeders -- 11. Bus-Zone Protection. General Principles. Current Differential Protection. Voltage Differential. Frame Leakage Protection. Directional Comparison. Back-up. Supervision -- 12. Back-Up Protection. Basic Principles. Precautions for Reliability Remote Back-up. Local Back-up. Relay Back-up. Breaker Back-up. A.C. Supplies. D.C. Supply -- 13. Maintenance and Testing of Relays. Commissioning. Periodic Maintenance. Transfer to Test Circuit. Tools. Safety Measures. Mechanical Tests. Electrical Tests. Manufacture Tests -- 14. Miscellaneous. Static Relays. Future of Electromagnetic Relays. D.C. Protection Relays. Protection Engineering as a Career -- References.

Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Genesis of the Hymenoptera -- Palaeontological and comparative morphological data. Hypotheses on the origin of the Hymenoptera -- The archaic terrestrial phase -- 3 Genesis of the Lower Hymenoptera (Phytophaga) -- The transition from saprophytic feeding to phytophagy. The exophytic cephoid phase. Modern relicts -- The endophytic cephoid phase. The transition from feeding on normal plant tissues to feeding on galls -- 4 Genesis of the Terebrantia -- The problem of the origin of the first carnivorous Hymenoptera -- Hypotheses on the origin of the Terebrantia -- The transition from phytophagy to zoophagy and the genesis of the Terebrantia -- The archaic inquilinoid phase -- The predatory oöphagous (ectoöphagous) phase -- The parasitic oöphagous (endoöphagous) phase -- The secondary phytophagous (phytoöphagous) phase -- The delayed parasitic (metaparasitic) phase -- The intermediate parasitic (planidial) phase -- The hypermetamorphic parasitic phase -- The polyembryonic parasitic phase -- The passive parasitic (trigonaloid) phase -- The direct parasitic (orthoparasitic) phase -- The imaginai parasitic phase -- 5 Genesis of the Wasps (Vespiformia s. lat.) -- The problem of the origin of the wasps -- Elements of wasp life in the Terebrantia -- The wasp-like (bethyloid) phase page -- The primary wasp (pompiloid) phase -- The secondary wasp (sphecoid) phase -- The third wasp (crabronoid) phase -- The fourth wasp (bembicoid) phase -- The fifth wasp (moneduloid) phase -- The neo-wasp (vespoid) phase -- The hypotheses of Bouvier and his followers on the origin of the instincts of wasps -- 6 Genesis of the Ants (Formicoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the ants. The problem -- The predatory semi-familial phase -- The ectoparasitic semi-familial phase -- The familial ectoparasitic (hemiformicoid) phase -- The primary ant (proformicoid) phase -- The secondary ant (formicoid) phase -- 7 Genesis of the Bees (Apoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the bees. The problem -- The bee-like phase in the vespoid wasps -- The primary bee phase of vespoid type -- The secondary bee phase of vespoid type -- Evolution of the sphecoid wasps and the problem of the genesis of the true bees -- The primary bee phase of sphecoid type and its genesis -- Index of Authors -- Index of Latin Names.

Kurzfassung: The late Professor S. I. Malyshev, who died from a cerebral haemorrhage on 9 May 1967 at the age of 83 in the train while travelling to field work, was one of the foremost European students of the Hymenoptera, in particular of the habits of solitary bees, a subject on which he had published many papers since 1908, mostly in Russian. In 1935 he published an important paper on part of his work, and I helped to edit the publication, which was in English. A few years ago some of my friends in California asked me if I could not persuade him to complete his early paper on solitary bees, offering if necessary to arrange for a translation. When I wrote to Professor Malyshev making this suggestion he no longer had the health to produce a new work, but he sent me a copy of his recent book on the evolution of the Hymenoptera which he thought might be worth trans­ lating. Sir Boris Uvarov was good enough to translate for me the chapter and section headings, and it seemed to both of us that a lot of new ground was covered in a highly original way. The explanation of the changes in behaviour that must have taken place when the simple, plant-feeding saw­ flies developed into highly specialized parasites or into industrious, food­ collecting, social insects such as the ants, bees, and wasps can well be regarded as one of the major challenges to zoologists.

Kurzfassung: I:Marxism -- The Person -- The Dialectic -- Freedom -- II:Catholicism -- The Person -- Authority -- The World -- III:Coexistence -- What the Marxists Must Do -- What the Catholics Must Do -- Epilogue.

Kurzfassung: This is an authentic book. Its style fits its situation. The encounter between Marxism and Catholicism was yesterday diatribe, is today dialogue, and tomorrow will be epilogue. The virtue of Father Adelmann's writing is to make us aware that we are in via. Happenings are everywhere, not just in hippieland. In Salzburg and South Bend, in Chiem see and Cambridge conversations are going on - conversations that are no less than con­ fessions. For Catholics and Marxists are listening to each other and are changing their minds. It has been the peculiar good fortune of the author of this book to have been both recorder and participant in these changes. He has experienced the transition from diatribe to dialogue in his own thoughts and feelings, and he has here written not an outsider's account, but an insider's recounting. He is not simply this volume's author, but also one of its case of characters. Hence the style of his writing is apperceptively autobiographical. It fits the situation. He is a character in a play, who is also that drama's author. His essay, then, is not simply a discussion of the relation between Catholicism and Marxism today, but is a contribution to­ ward a new relation between them and tomorrow.

Kurzfassung: I. The Low Countries During the Middle Ages -- 1. The Geographic and Ethnic Background -- 2. The Political Constellations -- 3. The Cultural Life -- 4. The Religious Life -- 5. Faith, Life, and Leaders -- 6. Asceticism and Monasticism -- 7. The Administration of the Church -- II. The Dawn of a New Day -- A. The Soil and the Seed -- B. In the Embrace of a World Revolution (1517–1530) -- III. The Evangelical Sacramentarian Reformation -- A. From Sacrament to Symbol -- B. The Evangelical Movement -- IV. Melchior Hofmann: A Prophetic Layman -- A. From Wittenberg to Strassburg -- B. The Anabaptist Apostle to the North -- V. Anabaptism at the Crossroads -- A. In Search of the City of God -- B. Münster: The New Jerusalem -- VI. Gathering a Christian Fellowship -- A. Sifting and Gathering -- B. The Covenanted Church of God -- VII. Growth and Molding of the Brotherhood -- A. From Antwerp to Danzig -- B. Defining and Defending the Faith -- VIII. Conclusion -- 1. In the Context of the Reformation -- 2. The Swiss and Dutch Anabaptists -- 3. At the Crossroads -- 4. Covenanters of Christ -- 5. The Ministry and the Ordinances -- 6. The Disciplined Brotherhood -- 7. The Christian and his Citizenship -- 8. Lasting Contributions -- Footnotes -- I. The Low Countries During the Middle Ages -- II. The Dawn of a New Day -- III. The Evangelical Sacramentarian Reformation -- W. Melchior Hofmann: A Prophetic Layman -- V. Anabaptism at the Crossroads -- VI. Gathering a Christian Fellowship -- VII. Growth and Molding of the Brotherhood -- VIII. Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: Ein anthropologisches Modell -- An Anthropological Model -- Un Modèle Anthropologique (Sommaire) -- Sociologie et Psychanalyse -- Sociology and Psychoanalysis -- Sociología y Psicoanálisis -- A Technology of the Emotions? -- Une Technologie des Emotions? -- From Psychoanalytic Naturalism to Phenomenological Anthropology (Daseinsanalyse) -- Documents and Reports -- Book Reviews.

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. Chordophones -- III. Aerophones -- IV. Membranophones -- V. Idiophones -- VI. Unidentified Names of Instruments and Orchestras -- VII. Tables -- List of Abbreviations and of Bibliographical Notes -- General Index of Musical Instruments and Musical Terms -- Acknowledgement for the Reproductions -- Reproductions, Figures 1–121.

Kurzfassung: 1. Connected Networks -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Set Theory -- 1.2 Sets with Two or Less Elements -- 1.3 Generalized Union -- 1.4 Relations and Functions -- 1.5 Superpositions and Inverses -- 1.6 Restrictions -- 1.7 Cartesian Products -- 1.8 Some Special Symbols -- 1.9 Finite Sequences -- 1.10 Networks -- 1.11 Geometrical Realization of a Network -- 1.12 Subnetworks -- 1.13 Degree of a Vertex -- 1.14 Path in a Network -- 1.15 Proper Path in a Network -- 1.16 Reduction of a Path to a Proper Path -- 1.17 Connected Networks -- 1.18 Isolated Vertices -- 1.19 Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.20 Path Connected Set of Branches -- 1.21 Union of Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.22 Connectedness of Paths -- 1.23 Component of a Set of Branches -- 1.24 Existence of Components -- 1.25 Partition into Components -- 1.26 Removal of a Branch -- 2. Loops, Trees, and Cut Sets -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Loop in a Network -- 2.2 Loops -- 2.3 Subloops of a Loop -- 2.4 Branches and Vertices of a Loop -- 2.5 Paths in a Loop -- 2.6 Removal of a Branch from a Loop -- 2.7 Tree in a Network -- 2.8 Trees -- 2.9 Connected Subset of a Tree -- 2.10 Branches and Vertices of a Tree -- 2.11 Number of Vertices of a Connected Set of Branches -- 2.12 Addition of a Branch to a Tree -- 2.13 Existence of Maximal Trees -- 2.14 Cut Set in a Network -- 2.15 Existence of Cut Sets -- 2.16 Alternate Characterization of Cut Sets -- 3. Incidence Functions and Incidence Matrices -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Incidence Functions -- 3.2 Matrices and Arrays -- 3.3 Submatrices -- 3.4 Determinants -- 3.5 Incidence Matrices -- 3.6 Square Submatrices of an Incidence Matrix -- 3.7 Unimodular Matrices -- 3.8 Laplacian Expansion of a Determinant -- 3.9 Reduced Incidence Matrix of a Tree -- 3.10 Incidence Matrix of a Loop -- 4. Linear Algebra Review -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Field of Scalars -- 4.2 Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Functions -- 4.3 Linear Space of 0-Chains -- 4.4 Canonical Base of the Space of 0-Chains -- 4.5 Inner Product -- 4.6 Linear Maps -- 4.7 Transpose of a Linear Map -- 4.8 Direct Sum Decomposition -- 4.9 Dimension and Direct Sum Decomposition -- 5. Boundary Operator and Coboundary Operator -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 5.2 Chain Spaces -- 5.3 The Boundary Operator -- 5.4 Boundaries and Cycles -- 5.5 Summation Over Finite Sets -- 5.6 The Coboundary Operator -- 5.7 Coboundaries and Cocycles -- 5.8 Boundaries, Coboundaries, and Inner Products -- 5.9 Orthogonality of Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.10 Orthogonality of Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.11 Decomposition of ?(K) into Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.12 Decomposition of ? (V) into Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.13 Isomorphism of Coboundaries and Boundaries -- 5.14 Dimension of the Space of Cocycles -- 6. Axioms of Network Analysis -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 6.2 Resistive Networks -- 6.3 Currents and Voltages -- 6.4 Ohm’s Law -- 6.5 Sources -- 6.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Voltage Sources -- 6.7 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Current Sources -- 7. Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 7.2 Linearity of L and H -- 7.3 Existence and Uniqueness with Voltage Sourcess -- 7.4 Existence and Uniqueness with Current Sources -- 7.5 Current Variables -- 7.6 Voltage Variables -- 8. Kirchhoff’s Third and Fourth Laws -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 8.2 The Cycle Map -- 8.3 The Chord Map -- 8.4 The Sum of Tree Chord Products -- 8.5 The Current Chain with Voltage Sources -- 8.6 The Coboundary Map -- 8.7 The Tree Branch Map -- 8.8 The Sum of Tree Branch Products -- 8.9 The Voltage Chain with Current Sources -- 8.10 Invariance Under Change of Incidence -- References.

Kurzfassung: In this book we attempt to develop the fundamental results of resistive network analysis, based upon a sound mathematical structure. The axioms upon which our development is based are Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, and Kirchhoff's Current Law. In order to state these axioms precisely, and use them in the development of our network analysis, an elaborate mathematical structure is introduced, involving concepts of graph theory, linear algebra, and one dimensional algebraic topology. The graph theory and one dimensional algebraic topology used are developed from first principles; the reader needs no background in these subjects. However, we do assume that the reader has some familiarity with elementary linear algebra. It is now stylish to teach elementary linear algebra at the sophomore college level, and we feel that the require­ ment that the reader should be familiar with elementary linear algebra is no more demanding than the usual requirement in most electrical engineering texts that the reader should be familiar with calculus. In this book, however, no calculus is needed. Although no formal training in circuit theory is needed for an understanding of the book, such experience would certainly help the reader by presenting him with familiar examples relevant to the mathematical abstractions introduced. It is our intention in this book to exhibit the effect of the topological properties of the network upon the branch voltages and branch currents, the objects of interest in network analysis.

Kurzfassung: I. His Life and Work -- 1. Roots in Europe -- 2. Life and Ministry in the New World -- II. His Theology: Experimental Divinity -- 3. Of God and Man -- 4. Of the Church -- Appendices.

Kurzfassung: The word "pietism" usually conjures up a host of ambivalent im­ pressions. It has seemed to me increasingly clear that many of the strengths of pietism have been swept aside by reactions against the excesses of the movement. To properly assess the structures of pietism, it is important to comprehend its matrix and to understand its ex­ ponents. In preparing this study, therefore, I have sought to recapture something of the person of Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen as well as the gist of his thought; something of his environment as well as the institutions of his day. To achieve this I have traveled many by-paths and knocked on many doors. But the past has not always yielded its secrets; much is lost forever. Hagen in Westphalia, Frelinghuysen's birthplace, is now a modern city and only in a few isolated particulars is it reminiscent of Hagen in 1693. In the nearby village of Schwerte, however, the ancestral church of his forebears remains as it was nearly three hundred years ago. The gymnasium he attended in Hamm was destroyed in the bombings ofW orld War II, though the library he used during his study at Lingen is still largely intact. In the tiny East-Frisian village of Loegumer Voorwerk, Frelinghuysen's first parish, one can still stand in the pulpit where he first preached his awakening gospel. Yet oddly enough, in America, where his name is most remembered, most physical traces of his life have disappeared.

Kurzfassung: The origins of this book go back to I956 when it was suggested to me that a study on the philosophy of Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola would furnish an important addition to our knowledge of the philoso­ phy of the Italian Renaissance. It was not, however, until I960 that I could devote a significant portion of my time to a realization of this goal. My work was essentially completed in 1963, at which time it was presented in its original form as a doctoral dissertation in the Phi­ losophy Department of Columbia University. Since then I have made many minor improvements and several chapters have been extensively reworked. This study represents the first attempt in fifty years to give a detailed account of even a portion of Gianfrancesco Pico's life and thought. The most comprehensive previous study, Gertrude Bramlette Richards, "Gianfrancesco Pico della lv1irandola" (Cornell University Dissertation, I 9 I 5), which I have found very useful in preparing my own book, is largely based on secondary literature and is mistaken in a number of details. Furthermore, Miss Richards' treatment of Gian­ francesco Pico as a thinker is very sketchy and is not an exhaustive study of his own writings. It is hoped that my present study, built in part on her extensive bibliographical indications, brings forth a certain amount of new information which will be of value for further research.

Kurzfassung: Première Séance / First Session -- Discours d’ouverture du Président de la Fédération -- Rapport du Secrétaire général -- Rapport financier du Trésorier -- Report of UNESCO’s Division of Libraries, Documentation and Archives -- Report of FID -- Deuxième Séance / Second Session -- Libraries and documentation / Les bibliothèques et la documentation -- Troisième Séance / Third Session -- Communications et résolutions des Sections et Commissions -- Communications du Bureau exécutif -- Discours de clôture du Président -- Report of the Joint Meeting of FID and IFLA Officers and Committee Chairmen.

Kurzfassung: I. Von Hartmann’s Life, His Relation to Kant, Schoperhauer, Hegel, and Schelling -- II. Method of Inquiry -- III. Discovery and Realm of Operation of the Unconscious -- IV. Division and Kinds of the Unconscious -- V. Historical Genesis of the Notion of the Unconscious -- VI. Pessimism and Axiology -- VII. Philosophy of Morals -- VIII. Philosophy of Religion -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: No man can live without ideas, for every human action, internal or external, is of necessity enacted by virtue of certain ideas. In these ideas a man believes; they guide his actions, and ultimately his whole life. Study of these ideas and principles is one of the distinctive tasks of the history of philosophy. But were we to restrict the field of interest of the history of philosophy to a mere detached academic "cataloguing" of past ideas, the history of philosophy itself would have joined long ago the interminable line of barren catalogued ideas. The study of the wisdom of past ages, however, is very much alive. Not only is it alive, but in the words ot Wilhelm Dilthey: "What man is, he learns through history. "l Thus, the culture of every generation is inevitably related, whether thetically or antithetically, to the previous one, and the politi­ cal and economic struggles of any present are always the consequences of an earlier and perhaps even fiercer battle of ideas. I t is imperative to know the history of the philosophies that nourish the present if we wish to know ourselves and the world about us. The Socratic call to self-knowledge is as indispensable a condition of a truly human existence today as it was in the fifth century B. C.

Kurzfassung: A Note on Soviet Alloy Designations -- I The Phenomenon of Passivity in Metals -- Definition of Passivity -- Mechanism and Theory of Passivity -- Electrochemical Methods for Investigating Passivity -- Anodic Potentiostatic Charge Curves -- Anodic Galvanostatic Charge Curves -- Cathodic Reduction Curves -- Study of Potential Drop Curves -- Measurement of the Double-Layer Capacity -- Study of the Kinetics of Electrode Processes Under the Action of Alternating Currents -- Investigation of the Nature and Structure of Passive Films. -- Optical Method -- Electron Diffraction -- Microchemical Method for Determining Film Composition -- Kinetics of the Anodic Processes -- Anodic Processes on a Passive Electrode -- Method of Plotting Potentiostatic Curves -- II Passive Systems -- Active State -- Passive-Active State -- Spontaneously Stable Passive State -- Pitting Formation -- The Transpassive State and Secondary Passivity -- Construction of Corrosion Rate-Potential Curves -- III Basic Principles for Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of Alloys by Increasing Their Passivity -- Inhibiting the Anodic Process -- Reduction of Corrosion in Passive Systems by Increasing the Effectiveness of the Cathodic Process -- IV Anodic Protection -- Anodic Protection of Stainless Steels -- Anodic Protection of Carbon Steels -- Anodic Protection of Titanium -- Practical Application of Anodic Protection -- Prospects for the Development of Anodic Protection -- V Passivation of Metals by Contact with Cathodes -- Use of Cathodic Protectors -- Cathodic Coatings -- of Cations of Electropositive Metals into the Corrosive Medium -- VI Passivation of Metals by the Introduction of Oxidizers into the Corrosion Medium -- Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Oxidizing Inhibitors -- Nature of the Oxidizing Inhibitor -- Effect of the Metal and Aggressiveness of the Medium -- References.

Kurzfassung: Considerable progress has been made in the past 20 years toward understanding the basic mechanisms of corrosion, and the application of this knowledge to its control. From the very beginning, educational institutions and industrial research laboratories have contributed greatly toward determining and elucidating the fundamental principles of corrosion reactions. Some of the basic principles involved in cor­ rosion of metals can be credited to early investigators. Michael Faraday in 1830-1840 studied the relationship between the quantity of a metal dissolved and the electric current which was produced by this reaction. He also proposed that the passivation of iron was through the formation of a film and that the dissolution of a metal was electro­ chemical in nature. Sir Humphrey Davy in 1824 worked out the funda­ mentals of galvanic corrosion of ships' hulls and applied sacrificial zinc anodes to protect them from sea water corrosion. Richard Arlie in 1847 demonstrated that corrosion produced by oxygen at the surface of iron in a flowing stream generated a current. With the fundamental knowledge available to him from these early investigators, Willis Rodney Whitney developed and expressed, in its most useful form, one of the basic scientific principles which provides modern corrosion specialists with a fundamental basis of corrosion control. Dr. Whitney concluded that corrosion of iron is electrochemical, and that the rate is simply a function of the electromotive force and resistance of the circuit.

Kurzfassung: I. The Viability of the Epic -- II. After 1848 and during the “Gründerjahre”: The Flight from Reality -- III. The Idyll: A World within the World -- IV. History -- V. The Creation of new Myths and the Reappearance of the Epic Imagination -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: The almost complete disregard of the verse epic as a genre still worthy of meaningful discussion and earnest investigation is all too apparent in German literary criticism. The only attempt to view the genre in its evolution through the centuries is Heinrich Maiworm's valuable but necessarily somewhat perfunctory historical survey of the German epic which appeared in the second volume of Deutsche Philologie im Auf,iss. There is as yet, however, no literary study of the German verse epic in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a period which is of particular interest to such a study and indeed crucial to the genre itself, since it was during this period that the novel claimed its final and apparently irrevocable victory over its predecessor, a form which had once been hallowed but was now declared a dead genre. It is not the lack of sufficient material that could explain this neglect, for in terms of sheer quantity and, we believe, not quantity alone, there is enough material for more than one study. The prime purpose of this work, then, is to attempt, if not to fill this conspicuous gap, at least to begin narrowing it somewhat, and in so doing to determine in how far the continuing existence of this vacuum in German literary appreciation is in fact justified.

Kurzfassung: One The Family Background and Formal Education of R. G. Collingwood -- I. Introduction: A Sketch of R. G. Collingwood’s Career and Major Interests -- II. John Ruskin as an Inspiration for W. G. Collingwood and R. G. Collingwood -- III. The Literae Humaniores Program at Oxford and R. G. Collingwood’s Response to It -- IV. R. G. Collingwood’s Research in the Archaeology of Roman Britain -- Two The Unfolding of Collingwood’s Approach to Philosophy 1913–1923 -- V. Collingwood’s Religion and Philosophy (1916) -- VI. Two Pivotal Essays: “The Devil” (1916) and Ruskin’s Philosophy (1919/1922) -- VII. Benedetto Croce as a Foil to R. G. Collingwood -- VII. The Influence of Croce, Gentile, and Vico on Collingwood During the Early 1920’s -- Three Speculum Mentis (1924): A Description of the five Forms of Experience -- IX. General Characteristics of Speculum Mentis -- X. Art and Religion as Elementary Forms of Experience -- XI. Science as the Third Form of Experience -- XII. History and Philosophy as the Culminating Forms of Experience -- Four R. G. Collingwood’s Isolation in Twentieth Century Thought -- XIII. R. G. Collingwood’s Place in the History of Ideas (1900–1925) -- XIV. Conclusion: R. G. Collingwood’s Intellectual Loneliness after 1924 and its Roots in His Ruskinian Education -- Appendices.

Kurzfassung: Collingwood and Hegel R. G. Collingwood was a lonely thinker. Begrudgingly admired by some and bludgeoned by others, he failed to train a single disciple, just as he failed to communicate to the reading public his vision of the unity of experience. This failure stands in stark contrast to the success of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who won many disciples to a very similar point-of-view and whose influence on subsequent thought, having been rediscovered since 1920, has not yet been adequately explored. Collingwood and Hegel share three fundamental similarities: both men held overwhelming admiration of the Greeks, both possessed uniquely broad knowledge of academic controversies of their day, and both were inalterably convinced that human experience consti­ tutes a single whole. If experts find Collingwood's vision of wholeness less satisfactory than Hegel's, much of the fault lies in the atmosphere in which Col­ lingwood labored. Oxford in the 1920'S and 1930's, sceptical and specialized, was not the enthusiastic Heidelberg and Berlin of 1816 to 183I. What is important in Collingwood is not that he fell short of Hegel but that working under adverse conditions he came so elose. Indeed those unfamiliar with Hegel will find in Collingwood's early works, especially in Speculum M entis, a useful introduction to the great German.

Kurzfassung: I. Linear Approximation -- § 1. The General Linear Approximation Problem -- § 2. Dense Systems -- § 3. General Theory of Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 4. Special Tchebycheff Approximations -- § 5. Estimating the Magnitude of Error in Trigonometric and Polynomial Approximation -- § 6. Approximation by Polynomials and Related Functions -- § 7. Numerical Methods for Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- II. Non-linear Approximation -- § 8. General Theory of Non-linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 9. Rational Approximation -- § 10. Exponential Approximation -- § 11. Segment Approximation.

Kurzfassung: for example, the so-called Lp approximation, the Bernstein approxima­ tion problem (approximation on the real line by certain entire functions), and the highly interesting studies of J. L. WALSH on approximation in the complex plane. I would like to extend sincere thanks to Professor L. COLLATZ for his many encouragements for the writing of this book. Thanks are equally due to Springer-Verlag for their ready agreement to my wishes, and for the excellent and competent composition of the book. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. W. KRABS, Dr. A. -G. MEYER and D. SCHWEDT for their very careful reading of the manuscript. Hamburg, March 1964 GUNTER MEINARDUS Preface to the English Edition This English edition was translated by Dr. LARRY SCHUMAKER, Mathematics Research Center, United States Army, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, from a supplemented version of the German edition. Apart from a number of minor additions and corrections and a few new proofs (e. g. , the new proof of JACKSON'S Theorem), it differs in detail from the first edition by the inclusion of a discussion of new work on comparison theorems in the case of so-called regular Haar systems (§ 6) and on Segment Approximation (§ 11). I want to thank the many readers who provided comments and helpful suggestions. My special thanks are due to the translator, to Springer-Verlag for their ready compliance with all my wishes, to Mr.

Kurzfassung: One: Pre-War Litrature -- 1. Socio-political Background -- 2. The History of the Malay Language -- 3. Indonesian Nationalism and Bahasa Indonesia -- 4. The Beginnings of Poetry: Muhammad Yamin -- 5. Early Political Novels -- 6. Poetry up to 1928; Rustam Effendi -- 7. 1928, the Proclamation of Bahasa Indonesia -- 8. Sanusi Pané’s Madah Kelana -- 9. Historical Dramas -- 10. Pudjangga Baru and Bahasa Indonesia -- 11. Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana on Bahasa Indonesia -- 12. The Poetry of Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana -- 13. The Polemics on Culture -- 14. The Artist as a Teacher: Lajar Terkembang -- 15. Pudjangga Baru and the Tachtigers; J. E. Tatengkeng -- 16. Pudjangga Baru in Retrospect -- 17. Other Poetry of the Period -- 18. Traditional Poetry: the Sjairs -- 19. Traditional Prose Writing; Historical Novels -- 20. Early Balai Pustaka Novels -- 21. Minangkabau Society and the Indonesian Novel -- 22. Marah Rush’s Sitti Nurbaja -- 23. Nur St. Iskandar and his Early Novels -- 24. Other Novels in Minangkabau Setting -- 25. Development of the Novel; Abdul Muis’ Salah Asuhan and other Highlights -- 26. Various Novels by Takdir and Nur St. Iskandar -- 27. Novels in Various Sumatran Settings -- 28. Hamka as a Novelist -- 29. Story Tellers and Roman Pitjisan -- 30. Various non-Sumatran Novels -- 31. Pre-war and Post-war Literature; Armijn Pané as a link? -- 32. Armijn Pané’s Belenggu -- 33. Amir Hamzah, Seal of Malay and Herald of Indonesian Poetry -- Two: Post-War Literature -- 1. 1942, the Year of the Break -- 2. Novel and Stoiry-Writing under the Japanese Occupation -- 3. Play-Writing under the Japanese Occupation -- 4. The Angkatan 45. Documentation -- 5. The Angkatan 45. Meetings, Congresses, Symposia -- 6. H. B. Jassin, Custodian of Modern Indonesian Literature -- 7. The Angkatan 45. Chairil Anwar and Vitalism -- 8. Surat Kepertjajaan Gelanggang; the Ideal of Universal Humanism -- 9. Asrul Sani, Sitor Situmorang and the Ideals of the Angkatan 45 -- 10. The Marxists and the Angkatan 45 -- 11. Discussion on the Crisis in Literature -- 12. Broader Framework of the Angkatan 45 -- 13. Chairil Anwar -- 14. Idrus -- 15. Pramudya Ananta Tur -- 16. Sitor Situmorang -- 17. Utuy Tatang Sontani -- 18. Mochtar Lubis -- 19. Trisno Sumardjo -- 20. Achdiat Karta Mihardja -- 21. Minor Poets of the Angkatan 45 -- 22. Some Post-War Women Authors -- 23. Minor Prose Writers of the Angkatan 45 -- 24. Odds and Ends -- 25 The Angkatan Terbaru -- 26. Three Javanese Poets -- 27. Ajip Rosidi -- 28. Prose Writers of the Younger Generation -- 29. Epilogue. The Manifes Kebudajaan and the Angkaitan 66 -- List of Abbreviations -- Bibliography I -- Bibliography II.

Kurzfassung: III Applying Scientific Ideas -- 9. Explanation -- 10. Prediction -- 11. Action -- IV Testing Scientific Ideas -- 12. Observation -- 13. Measurement -- 14. Experiment -- 15. Concluding -- Author Index.

Kurzfassung: This volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence.

Kurzfassung: Durante el neolítico la expansión ecumética del género humano llegó, hasta cierto punto, a su término, pues todos los continentes quedaron poblados. Desde entonces, cada uno de los grupos étnicos, de muy diverso origen racial, fue elaborando sus propias formas culturales en el espacio que le había tocado. Base notar, que por su naturaleza misma, todos los dominios culturales que se originaron aspiraron desde el principio a extender la esfera de su influencia y de su podería hacia otros pueblos, hacia los ámbitos cualturales "subdesarrollados". En esta obra el autor analiza las consecuencias que para los pueblos de ultramar tuvo la expansión europea

Kurzfassung: I. the Loss of Faith -- I. Modern Literature and the Death of God -- II. God and the Alienated Self -- III. Eros and the Death of God -- II. the Search for God -- IV. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche -- V. Dostoevski and the Problem of Religion -- VI. The Literature of Suicide -- VII. The Numinous in Fiction -- VIII. Religion and the Novel -- IX. Catholicism in Fiction -- X. The Dialectics of Tragedy in an Age of Unfaith -- III. the Summing up -- XI. Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: 1. The Huguenot Heritage -- 2. The Party Seeks a Leader -- 3. The Regency’s Uncertain Course -- 4. Revolt in the Midi, 1621 -- 5. Peace Without Victory -- 6. Fort Louis Provokes a Second War -- 7. The Siege of La Rochelle -- 8. The Huguenot Civil War -- 9. An Exile’s Bitter Cup -- 10. Mountain Victory.

Kurzfassung: The purpose of this book is to describe the Duke of Rohan's role as a political leader of the Huguenot party from 1621 to 1629 placing somewhat less emphasis on his military achievements. It makes no claim to biographical completeness. The narrative is based on con­ temporary books and pamphlets and on manuscripts in the Biblio­ theque nation ale, the British Museum, and the Public Record Office. Research was also done at the Newberry Library, the Library of Congress, and at the University of Wisconsin's Memorial Library, notably in its Montauban, Tank, and French Pamphlet collections. In the preparation of this book I have received advice and assistance from many people. Personal thanks are due to William P. Kaldis, Jack Ray Thomas, and Howard S. Miller for reading the manuscript and to my wife Anna for typing several drafts of it. Marguerite Chris­ tensen, reference librarian at the University of Wisconsin, helped me secure a number of rare volumes on interlibrary loan. I would also like to thank Cynthia Kaldis for translating a large number of diplo­ matic letters from Seventeenth century Latin.

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- Hamann’s Life -- Interpretation -- II. Hamann’s “Authorship”: Content (Faith) -- “Philosophy” and “Faith” -- Revelation as the Humility of God -- Faith as the Humility of Man -- III. Hamann’s “Authorship”: Form (Style) -- The Passion for Unity and Concreteness -- The Calculated Offense -- IV. Idololatria: Philosophy as a Contrary Faith -- A. The Attack on Philosophy -- V. Idololatria (cont.) -- B. The Abstracting and Denuding of Reality -- Appendix: Hamann’s Concept of Tolerance -- VI. Idololatria (cont.) -- C. The Theological Presuppositions of Hamann’s Attack -- VII. Agnosia: Philosophy Before Faith -- 1. Possibility -- 2. Function -- 3. Limitations -- VIII. Philologia: Philosophy From Faith to Faith -- A. Love of the Word Incarnate -- IX. Philologia (cont.) -- B. Love of the Word in Nature and History -- X. Conclusion -- A Man against the Enlightenment -- A Man of the Enlightenment -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: THE PROBLEM OF THE INTERPRETATION OF HAMANN Johann Georg Hamann is an intriguing but poorly known figure in the contemporary intellectual world. Yet this is the man whom Kierkegaard saluted as "Emperor!", whose writings were to have been arranged for publication by none other than Goethe himself, and whom Dilthey numbered among the primordial figures in the rise of modern historical consciousness. There are reasons for the persistence of this general ignorance. Hamann is deep. And, in addition, there is his forbidding style. The readers of Kierkegaard and Dilthey, two other giants who them­ selves achieved late recognition, have not had to face this kind of imposing obstacle. Not only does Hamann expect his readers to handle themselves in deep water, but to intuit their way between his ideas which bob up like islands with no visible connection between them. Like Kierkegaard too, Hamann has had his troubles with the public. He himself referred to the hope that he would be understood by a "better posterity". In fact only the last few years have seen the printing of some of his more controversial writings, in particular his theories on the nature of human sexuality.

Kurzfassung: Letters -- 1. Lupus to Einhard -- 2. Lupus to Einhard -- 3. Einhard to Lupus -- 4. Lupus to Einhard -- 5. Lupus to Einhard -- 6. Lupus to abbot Bun -- 7. Lupus to bishop Immo -- 8. Lupus to brother Altuin -- 9. Lupus to brother Altuin -- 10. Lupus to brother Altuin -- 11. Lupus and A(dalgaud) to Reginb. -- 12. Lupus to Reginb. -- 13. Lupus to abbot Waldo -- 14. On behalf of abbot Odo to chancellor Louis -- 15. On behalf of abbot Odo to chancellor Louis -- 16. On behalf of abbot Odo to chancellor Louis -- 17. On behalf of abbot Odo to bishop Jonas -- 18. On behalf of abbot Odo to fathers Marcward and Sichard -- 19. The brothers of the monastery of Fernères to emperor Lothaire I -- 20. Lupus and W. to bishop Jonas -- 21. Lupus to Adalgaud -- 22. Lupus to King Charles -- 23. Lupus to bishop Ebroin -- 24. Lupus to bishop Jonas -- 25. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 26. Lupus to bishop Amulus, bishop Guenilo and count Gerard -- 27. Lupus to father Hrabanus -- 28. Lupus to Marcward and Eigil -- 29. Lupus to Emperor Lothaire -- 30. Lupus to Marcward and Eigil -- 31. Lupus to King Charles -- 32. Lupus to abbot Hugo -- 33. Lupus to Marcward -- 34. Lupus to abbot Odacre -- 35. Lupus to Marcward -- 36. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 37. Lupus to King Charles -- 38. Lupus to the brothers of the monastery of Fernères -- 39. Lupus to Hatto -- 40. Lupus to abbot Usuard -- 41. Lupus to bishop Pruden-tius -- 42. Lupus to King Charles -- 43. Lupus to bishop Hincmar -- 44. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 45. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 46. Lupus to King Charles -- 47. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 48. Lupus to bishop Hincmar -- 49. Lupus to King Charles -- 50. Lupus to abbot Ratbert -- 51. Lupus to abbot Ratbert -- 52. Lupus to abbot Ratbert -- 53. Lupus to archbishop Orsmar -- 54. Lupus to an unidentified friend -- 55. Lupus to an unidentified friend -- 56. Lupus to an unidentified person -- 57. Lupus to King Charles -- 58. Lupus to Marcward -- 59. Lupus to bishop Hincmar -- 60. Lupus to Marcward -- 61. Lupus to an unidentified person -- 62. Lupus to the brothers of the monastery of Fernères -- 63. Lupus to an unidentified person -- 64. Lupus to an unidentified friend -- 65. Lupus to father Marcward -- 66. Queen Irmentrude to bishop Pardulus -- 67. Lupus to the brothers of Saint Amand -- 68. On behalf of abbot Marcward to abbot Dido -- 69. Lupus to Ansbold -- 70. Lupus to abbot Marcward -- 71. Lupus to bishop Pardulus -- 72. Lupus to bishop Pardulus -- 73. Lupus to bishop Pardulus -- 74. Lupus to Rotramnus -- 75. Lupus to bishop Reginfrid -- 76. Lupus to an unidentified person -- 77. Lupus to father Marcward -- 78. Lupus to King Charles -- 79. Lupus to bishop Hincmar -- 80. Lupus to Gottschalk -- 81. Lupus on behalf of various bishops to Nominoë, duke of Brittany -- 82. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 83. Lupus to father Marcward -- 84. Lupus to King Ethelwulf -- 85. Lupus to Felix -- 86. Lupus to bishop Guigmund -- 87. Lupus to abbot Altsig -- 88. Lupus to father Marcward -- 89. Lupus to abbot Hilduin -- 90. Lupus to abbot Hilduin -- 91. Lupus to a number of bishops at Moret -- 92. Lupus to a number of persons on the death of bishop Ercanrad -- 93. On behalf of various bishops to the clergy of the mother church of Paris -- 94. On behalf of bishop Guenilo to his parishes -- 95. Lupus to bishop Heribold -- 96. Queen Irmentrude to bishop Heribold -- 97. Lupus to bishop Heribold -- 98. Guenilo to the prelates of Italy and Gaul -- 99. Lupus to the bishops of Italy and Gaul -- 100. Lupus to Pope Benedict -- 101. Lupus to Reg. -- 102. To Pope Nicolas, on behalf of bishop Guenilo -- 103. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 104. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 105. Lupus to Bertold -- 106. Lupus to abbot Odo -- 107. Lupus to abbot Odo -- 108. Lupus to bishop Hincmar -- 109. Lupus to archbishop Herard -- 110. Lupus to duke Gerhard and his wife Bertha -- 111. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 112. Lupus to abbot Louis -- 113. Lupus to the brothers of Saint Germain -- 114. Lupus to bishop Arduic -- 115. Lupus to the holy fathers in the monastery of Saint Germain -- 116. Lupus to abbot Ansbold -- 117. Lupus to abbot Ansbold -- 118. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 119. Lupus to bishop Folcric -- 120. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 121. Lupus to bishop Odo -- 122. Lupus to bishop Aeneas -- 123. Lupus to abbot Vulfad -- 124. Lupus to King Charles -- 125. Lupus to Leotald -- 126. Lupus to Leotald -- 127. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 128. Bishop Guenilo to all those who are faithful to Almighty God -- 129. Lupus to his very reverend lords and valiant Christians -- 130. Lupus to bishop Guenilo -- 131. Lupus to Hugo -- 132. Lupus to an unidentified person -- 133. Lupus to Ebrard -- Chronological and numerical tables.

Kurzfassung: This translation ofthe letters of Lupus of Ferrieres is based primarily on the text of Diimmler' s edition, published in the M onumenta Germaniae Historica in 1902. In the arrangement of the letters, however, I have followed Levillain who sought to put them in chronological order on the basis of his own previous research published in a series of articles in the Bibliothcque de l'E:cole des chartes, volumes LXII and LXIII, in 1901 and 1902. A chronological table with suggested dating of the letters is given in this book on pages 151-153. I have attempted to keep the notes brief, confining them chiefly to identification of quoted passages and to proper names, assuming that the reader, if interested, will him­ self seek more detailed information in the standard sources. In a collection of letters of this nature, covering as they do such a wide range of subject matter, it is to be expected that some will have comparatively little general appeal. The few letters, for example, which deal with Latin grammar will be of little interest to most readers. Occasionally a letter may border on the trite or commonplace. It has seemed desirable, however, in view ofthe limited number of such letters, and for the sake of completeness, to include the entire collection.

Kurzfassung: I. The Higher Mental Functions and Their Organization In The Brain -- 1. The Problem of Localization of Functions in the Cerebral Cortex -- 2. Modern Data on the Structural Organization of the Cerebral Cortex -- 3. Disturbances of the Higher Mental Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- II. Disturbances of the Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 1. Some Functional Investigative Problems -- 2. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Temporal Region -- 3. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Occipital and Occipitoparietal Regions -- 4. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Sensorimotor Regions -- 5. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Frontal Region -- III. Methods of investigating the Higher Cortical Functions in Local Brain Lesions (Syndrome Analysis) -- 1. Objectives of Clinicopsychological Investigation of Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 2. The Preliminary Conversation -- 3. Investigation of Motor Functions -- 4. Investigation of Acoustico-Motor Coordination -- 5. Investigation of the Higher Cutaneous and Kinesthetic Functions -- 6. Investigation of the Higher Visual Functions -- 7. Investigation of Speech Functions. Receptive Speech -- 8. Investigation of Speech Functions. Expressive Speech -- 9. Investigation of Writing and Reading -- 10. Investigation of Arithmetical Skill -- 11. Investigation of Mnestic Processes -- 12. Investigation of Intellectual Processes -- Conclusion -- Russian -- Non-Russian -- Author Index.

Kurzfassung: This full-length translation of Professor Luria's book introduces to the English­ speaking world a major document in neuropsychology, summarizing Professor Luria's earlier contributions to that area for nearly a third of a century. It is a monumental contribution. Nothing of this scope exists in the Western literature of this field, with the possible exception of Ajuriaguerra and Hecaen's book (in French) on the cerebral cortex. Professor Luria's book thus marks a further and decisive step toward the eventual coalescence of neurology and psychology, a goal to which only a few laboratories in the East and West have been devoted over the last decades. The book is unique in its organization. The first half deals with observations and interpretations concerning the major syndromes of man's left cerebral hemisphere: those grievous distortions of higher functions traditionally described as aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia. There is also a detailed and brilliant analysis of the syndrome of massive frontal-lobe involvement. The entire second half of the book is given over to a painstaking description of Professor Luria's tests, many of them introduced by himself, and set out in such detail that anyone could repeat them and thus verify Professor Luria's interpretations.

Kurzfassung: of Volume 2 -- Ferrous Powder Metallurgy -- Some Aspects of the Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Mechanism of Sintering of ?-Iron -- Alpha and Gamma Phase Sintering of Carbonyl and Other Iron Powders -- Investigation of the Activated Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Use of Byproduct Steel Powder from Ball-Bearing Production in Powder Metallurgy -- The Corrosion Resistance of Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel -- Dispersion Strengthening -- Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel by Compaction and Rolling of Powder Produced by Pressure Hydrometallurgy -- On the Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation of SAP-Type Alloys -- Electron Microscopy of SAP Following Tensile Deformation or Quenching -- Damage and Diffusion in Aluminum and an Al-Al2O3 Alloy Following Bombardments with Oxygen or Inert Gas -- An Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Study of the Recovery on Annealing of Cold-Worked, Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys -- Development of Dispersion-Hardened Cobalt-Base Cutting-Tool Alloys from Atomized Powders -- Stability of Selected Submicron Refractory Dispersoids in Tungsten -- High-Temperature Materials -- A Comprehensive Investigation into a Nickel-Base Superalloy From Prealloyed Powders -- Gravity-Sintering and Low-Pressure Pressing of Tungsten Powders -- Tungsten Powder Metallurgy in the Production of Large Crucibles and Susceptors -- Studies of Tungsten Composites Containing Fibered or Reacted Additives -- Tungsten Ionizers with Controlled Porosity for Cesium-Ion Engines -- A Kinetic Study of the Densification of TiB2 at High Pressure and High Temperature -- Fiber-Reinforced, Sintered Composites.

Kurzfassung: Some Aspects of Classical Surface Thermodynamics -- Modern Theory of Fluid Surface Tension -- Nucleation in Homogeneous Vapors -- Nucleation Processes in Deposition onto Substrates -- Nucleation and Condensation in Polymer Systems -- Panel Discussion: Session I -- Surface Self-Diffusion at High Temperatures -- Self-Diffusion on Nearly Pure Metallic Surfaces -- Defects Near Ionic Crystal Surfaces -- Effect of Surfaces on Mechanical Behavior of Metals -- Ultrafine Particles in the Gas Phase -- Panel Discussion: Session II.

Kurzfassung: This volume explores in detail the four interrelated branches of the study of surface phenomena-surface thermodynamics, nucleation, diffusion, and fine-particles technology-providing an unusual and comprehensive body of knowledge that will be of interest and practical value to both materials researchers and practising engineers. The growing awareness-since the advent of the space age-among solid-state physicists, metallurgists, ceramists, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers of the need for a broad interdisciplinary under­ standing of the fundamental phenomena common to all matedals has led in recent years to the development of a new field of scientific investigation, Materials Science. To help promote interest in and con­ tributions to this new technology, annual symposia on "Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences" have been organized by the Ilikon Corporation. The first symposium, reported in Volume 1 of this series, was held in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 1 and 2, 1963; sintering and plastic deformation were the main topics of discussion. The second meeting, also held in Boston, on January 27 and 28, 1964, was exclusively concerned with the general interdisciplinary problems related to surface phenomena, that is, all of those physical and chemical areas that are pertinent to the surface of a solid, or to the interface between a solid and a gas, a solid and a liquid, or a solid and a solid.

Kurzfassung: Time Dependent Evolution Equations in a Locally Convex Space -- On a Map from a Function Space to a Hyperspace -- Invariant Metrics -- Über den Index abgeschlossener Operatoren in Banachräumen. II. -- Complementary Inequalities. III: Inequalities Complementary to Schwarz’s Inequality in Hilbert Space -- Von Klassen konvexer Körper erzeugte Hilberträume -- Kommutative symmetrische Operatorenalgebren in Pontryaginschen Räumen ?k -- Invariante positiv definite Klassenfunktionen und ergodische Maße -- Integration und holomorphe Funktionen in lokalbeschränkten Räumen -- Eine Mandelbrojtsche Formel zur Bestimmung von Punkten aus dem Spektrum eines beschränkten Operators -- Quasi-interior Points and the Extension of Linear Functionals -- Eindeutige Hahn-Banach-Erweiterungen -- Équations Hyperboliques Non-Strictes: Contre-Exemples, du Type de Giorgi, aux Théorèmes d’Existence et d’Unicité -- Ratios of Laplace Transforms, Mikusi?ski Operational Calculus -- Heredity of Tensor Products of Topological Algebras -- Wave Operators and Similarity for Some Non-selfadjoint Operators -- Nonlinear Operators in Banach Spaces -- Über die Einbettung der nuklearen Räume in (8)?. -- Über das Randspektrum positiver Operatoren -- A Spectral Theory for Certain Operators on a Direct Sum of Hilbert Spaces -- Variations on a Theme by Mikhlin -- Some Examples of Normed Köthe Spaces -- On a Generalization of the Köthe Coordinated Spaces -- A Representation Theorem for Positive Functionals on Involution Algebras.

Kurzfassung: New Developments in Our Knowledge of the Universe -- Biological Evolution and Human Equality -- Limits of Scientific Enquiry -- The Socialization of Science -- Practical Uses of Atomic Energy -- Population Trends and Population Control -- The Impact of New Materials and New Instrumentation on our Foreseeable Technology -- Design for a Brain -- The Revolution in Biology and Medicine -- Is There Life on Other Worlds.

Kurzfassung: During the period September 1963 to December 1964. Georgetown University commemorated the 175th anniversary of its founding by presenting a series of special lectures in the various disciplines appropriate to a university. Among the subjects covered. in separate and coherent series. were the humanities. the arts. medicine. law. and religion. One of the series. entitled as a group. "Science and Society." is represented by this book. The ten papers presented here must be looked at in context: an effort was made to present to a largely lay audi­ ence a cross section of those aspects of recent advances in science and technology that were considered to haye the most striking or inclusive effects on man's view of his world. on desirable public policy. and on man's antici­ pations as to how further advances and applications of these advances were likely to change his environment. Clearly. so ambitious an undertaking could not be carried out within the compass of ten brief lectures. Within a general structure. it was necessary to use a sampling technique. The general plan was adopted of having three lectures representative of the philosophical sector. three of the public policy structure. and three which would partake of the nature of extrapolations into v vi INTRODUCTION the future. A tenth lecture was later added which could be considered to fit equally well into the second or third of these categories.

Kurzfassung: Preface -- 1 Patterns in Nature -- 2 Ecological Survey -- 3 Wytham Hill -- 4 The Classification of Habitats -- 5 Recording Communities: The Wytham Ecological Survey -- 6 Open Ground and Meadow -- 7 Heath, Mountain and Croplands -- 8 The Terrestrial Maritime Zone -- 9 Scrub and Hedgerow -- 10 The Forest Canopy: Herbivores -- 11 Hunters in the Forest Canopy -- 12 The Ground-Plan of Woodland -- 13 Natural Fuel Stations: Concourses on Flowers and Fruits -- 14 Dying and Dead Wood -- 15 Bracket Fungi and Toadstools -- 16 Carrion, Dung and Nests -- 17 Woods and Water Bodies -- 18 Dispersal and Invaders -- 19 The Whole Pattern -- References -- Notes.

Kurzfassung: THE ECOLOGICAL SURVEY on which this book is based began to be planned in 1942, and since 1945 has been mainly centred upon Oxford University's estate at Wytham Woods, where a rich series of habitats from open ground and limestone to woodland with many springs and marshes interspersed occupies a hill set in riverine surroundings. Here biological research workers from the University have accumulated a considerable body of knowledge, some of which I have arranged in a general setting that allows one to comprehend some of the inter-related parts of the whole system. It is also intended to provide a framework for understanding animal communities elsewhere. The ecological inquirer is, more than most scien­ tific people, apt to fmd himself lost in a large labyrinth of interrelations and variables. The dictionary defmes a labyrinth as 'an intricate structure of inter­ communicating passages, through which it is difficult to fmd one's way without a clue'. This could equally be a figurative description of plant and animal communi­ ties. The present book seeks to provide a plan of construction of the labyrinth and a few new clues that may help the inquirer to know where he is on the gene­ ral ecological map. In presenting this blue-print of animal communities I have avoided giving long lists of species such as the botanist, with his smaller kingdom, can handle fairly well.

Kurzfassung: Environmental Health: Everybody’s Business -- Man’s Relationship to His Thermal Environment -- Man’s Relationship to His Sensory Environment — Hearing and Vision -- Atmospheric Ecology I: The Confined Ambient — The Dirty Nest -- Atmospheric Ecology II: The Troubled Outdoors -- Atmospheric Ecology III: Remedial Atmospheres -- Panel Discussion I: The Environmental Spectrum — Today -- Man and His Thermal Environment -- Acoustical Aspects of the Environmental Spectrum -- Odor in Man’s Environment -- The Sensory Environmental Spectrum -- The Relationship of Man to Microbe -- Panel Discussion II: The Environmental Spectrum — Tomorrow -- Ionizing Radiation -- The Medical Environmental Spectrum -- Air Pollution Control -- The Toxic Environment -- Urban Area Environmental Spectrum -- Man and His Environment: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? -- Contributors.

Kurzfassung: This symposium was a joint effort, co-sponsored by Northwestern University and Borg-Warner Corporation and included representatives of the latter-day estates of univerSity, industry, and government. All of these groups were deeply interested in participating, since the problems of man and his environment, especially his urban environ­ ment, are ones which can be solved only through a cooperative effort. The symposium proceedings present a review of the present position of man and his environment and outline the physical and social-science efforts being made to solve the problems posed by man's rapidly changing environment. The format of this book is such that Dr. Luther L. Terry's speech, "Environmental Health: Every­ body's Business," serves as an introduction to the many-faceted dis­ cussions on the interactions of man and his environment. Mr. P. B. Gordon's speech "Man and His Environment - Where Are We? Where Are We Going"?" aptly summarizes this symposium and serves this purpose in this publication. Every effort was exerted to make this symposium a general dis­ cussion meeting where contributions from both the formal speakers and the audience were received. The records of two panel discussions, including comments from the floor and replies by the speakers, are included in this volume. This publication is the result of the coordinated efforts of many contributors: the speakers, Northwestern University, Borg-Warner Corporation, the Symposium Planning Committee consisting of D. W.

Kurzfassung: I The Personal Question -- II Metaproblematic Inquiry -- III The Existential Situation -- IV The Fellowship of Being -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: This book is the fruit of a critical inquiry into the nature and scope of Marcel's philosophie achievement. As such, it is concerned less with affixing the appropriate label (personalist or existentialist) to Marcel's thought -and with it making it stick - than with discovering the precise impulse and tenor ofhis philosophy. In the process ofthat more general inquiry, the writer found being forced upon hirn a central concept as integrating focus of Marcel's philosophie investigations. This eoneept was that of the person. Gradually it emerged as a concept not only of prime importance for understanding the underlying harmony that pervades Marcel's professedly unsystematic researches, but equally as one of profound significanee for any philosophy that pretends adequately to aecount for human experienee. Furthermore, it seemed that the eoneept derived much ofthat significance from its acceptance precisely in the context of Marcel's thought. This feature ofMareel's philosophie writings alone is warrant enough for overeoming any initial embarrassment aroused in Anglo-Saxon breasts by his style. For, to speak candidly, that style is of a generation and a climate whose tastes little aecord with palates trained to a greater astringeney. Nor will Marcel's evident and unashamed coneern with life and its problems necessarily evoke a warm response in minds aceustomed to operate in an atmosphere of stricter and more aeademic reserve.

Kurzfassung: 1 Markov Chains -- 1: Definition -- 2: Transition and absolute probabilities -- 3: Determination of the higher transition probabilities -- 4: Classification of states -- 5: The limit of the higher transition probabilities -- 6: Classification of Markov chains -- 7: The limiting distributions of irreducible Markov chains -- Problems -- 8: Markov chains with continuous state space -- Problems -- 9: Stationary stochastic sequences -- Problems -- 2 Markov Processes -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Definition -- 3: Poisson process -- 4: Markov process with a finite or denumerably infinite number of states -- 5: Markov process with continuous transition -- 6: Mixed Markov processes -- Problems -- 3 Non-Markovian Processes -- 1: Recurrent processes -- 2: Stationary stochastic processes -- 3: Secondary stochastic processes generated by a stochastic process -- Problems -- 4 Solutions of Problems -- 1: Markov chains -- 2: Markov processes -- 3: Non-Markovian processes -- References.

Kurzfassung: It is not so very long ago that up-to-date text-books on statistics were almost non-existent. In the last few decades this deficiency has largely been remedied, but in order to cope with a broad and rapidly expanding subject many of these books have been fairly big and expensive. The success of Methuen's existing series of monographs, in physics or in biology, for example, stresses the value of short inexpensive treatments to which a student can turn for an introduc­ tion to, or a revision of, specialised topics. In this new Methuen series the still-growing importance of prob­ ability theory in its applied aspects has been recognised by coupling together Probability and Statistics; and included in the series are some of the newer applications of probability theory to stochastic models in various fields, storage and service problems, 'Monte Carlo' techniques, etc. , as well as monographs on particular statistical topics. M. S. BARTLETT ix AUTHOR'S PREFACE The theory of stochastic processes has developed in the last three decades. Its field of application is constantly expanding and at present it is being applied in nearly every branch of science. So far several books have been written on the mathematical theory of stochastic processes. The nature of this book is different because it is primarily a collection of problems and their solutions, and is intended for readers who are already familiar with probability theory.

Kurzfassung: 1. Line Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about curves -- 2. Definition of a curvilinear integral -- 3. Area -- Exercises -- 2. Double Integrals -- 1. Definition of a double integral -- 2. Double integrals over a rectangle -- 3. Double integrals over normal regions -- 4. Green’s Theorem in two dimensions -- 5. Change of variables -- 6. Transformation of double integrals -- 7. Improper integrals -- 8. Volumes -- Exercises -- 3. Surface Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about surfaces -- 2. The area of surface -- 3. Surface integrals -- Exercises -- 4. Volume Integrals -- 1. Definition of a volume integral -- 2. Reduction to repeated integral -- 3. Gauss’s Theorem (divergence theorem) -- 4. Change of variables -- 5. Stokes’s Theorem -- Exercises -- Solutions to Exercises.

Kurzfassung: The aim of this book is to give an elementary treatment of multiple integrals. The notions of integrals extended over a curve, a plane region, a surface and a solid are introduced in tum, and methods for evaluating these integrals are presented in detail. Especial reference is made to the results required in Physics and other mathematical sciences, in which multiple integrals are an indispensable tool. A full theoretical discussion of this topic would involve deep problems of analysis and topology, which are outside the scope of this volume, and concessions had to be made in respect of completeness without, it is hoped, impairing precision and a reasonable standard of rigour. As in the author's Integral Calculus (in this series), the main existence theorems are first explained informally and then stated exactly, but not proved. Topological difficulties are circumvented by imposing some­ what stringent, though no unrealistic, restrictions on the regions of integration. Numerous examples are worked out in the text, and each chapter is followed by a set of exercises. My thanks are due to my colleague Dr. S. Swierczkowski, who read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. w. LEDERMANN The University of Sussex, Brighton.

Kurzfassung: I. Hilary’s life before his public appearance -- II. Hilary’s public appearance and banishment -- 1. Events preceding his opposition to the Arians -- 2. His resistance and banishment -- III. Hilary’s exile -- 1. Introduction -- 2. His De Trinitate -- 3. His refutation of the heretics -- 4. His attempt to reconcile the East and the West -- 5 Hilary at Seleucia and Constantinople -- 6. Hilary and the Emperor Constantius -- IV Hilary’s return to Gaul -- 1. The synod of Paris -- 2. His opposition to Auxentius -- 3. His last years -- Conclusion -- Indexes -- 1. Scripture References -- 2. References to ancient writers -- 3. References to modern authors -- 4. References to other proper names.

Kurzfassung: 1 Classical atomic, theory and interatomic binding -- 2 Quantum mechanics and band theory -- 3 Statistical mechanics -- 4 Semiconductors in thermodynamic equilibrium -- 5 Current flow in semiconductors -- 6 Semiconductors in non-equilibrium conditions -- 7 Current flow across semiconductor junctions -- 8 Minority carrier transistors -- 9 Space-charge-limited currents in semiconductors and insulators Majority carrier transistors -- Appendices -- II Common-emitter characteristics -- III The transistor as a charge controlled device. Circuit problems.

Kurzfassung: This book is intended as an introduction to the application of physical theory to the study of semiconductors and transistor devices. The book is based on lecture courses given by the authors to second and third year honours students in the Electronics Department of Southampton University, England. Some elementary knowledge of physics, circuit theory, and vector methods is assumed. The book deals almost exc1u­ sively with the theoretical aspects, but references are given to experi­ mental work. The first two chapters discuss c1assical atomic theory and quantum mechanical applications to electron energy levels in atoms, in particular the hydrogen atom, and in one-dimensional crystalline solids leading to the distinctions between metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Chapter 3 deals with statistical mechanics in some detail, so that the reader can appreciate the historical background leading to the Fermi­ Dirac statistics for electrons in metals and semiconductors, and in chapter 4 these statistics are applied to determine the current carrier density in various types of semiconductor. Equations for drift and diffusion currents are obtained in chapter 5, and the results applied to uiliform and graded impurity semiconductors in chapter 6. Current flow across p-n junctions is analysed in chapter 7, and the p-n-p transistor theory is developed in chapter 8. The discussion is limited to p-n-p transistors, but similar results apply for the n-p-n transistor.

Kurzfassung: 1 Elementary Concepts of Specific Heats -- 1.1. Definitions -- 1.2. Thermodynamics of Simple Systems -- 1.3. Difference Between Cp and Cv -- 1.4. Variation of Specific Heats with Temperature and Pressure -- 1.5. Statistical Calculation of Specific Heats -- 1.6. Different Modes of Thermal Energy -- 1.7. Calorimetry -- 2 Lattice Heat Capacity -- 2.1. Dulong and Petit’s Law -- 2.2. Equipartition Law -- 2.3. Quantum Theory of Specific Heats -- 2.4. Einstein’s Model -- 2.5. Debye’s Model -- 2.6. Comparison of Debye’s Theory with Experiments -- 2.7. Shortcomings of the Debye Model -- 2.8. The Born-Von Kármán Model -- 2.9. Calculation of g(v) -- 2.10. Comparison of Lattice Theory with Experiments -- 2.11. Debye ? in Other Properties of Solids -- 3 Electronic Specific Heat -- 3.1. Specific Heat of Metals -- 3.2. Quantum Statistics of an Electron Gas -- 3.3. Specific Heat of Electrons in Metals -- 3.4. Electronic Specific Heat at Low Temperatures -- 3.5. Specific Heat and Band Structure of Metals -- 3.6. Specific Heat of Alloys -- 3.7. Specific Heat of Semiconductors -- 3.8. Phenomenon of Superconductivity -- 3.9. Specific Heat of Superconductors -- 3.10. Recent Studies -- 4 Magnetic Contribution to Specific Heats -- 4.1. Thermodynamics of Magnetic Materials -- 4.2. Types of Magnetic Behavior -- 4.3. Spin Waves—Magnons -- 4.4. Spin Wave Specific Heats -- 4.5. The Weiss Model for Magnetic Ordering -- 4.6. The Heisenberg and Ising Models -- 4.7. Specific Heats Near the Transition Temperature -- 4.8. Paramagnetic Relaxation -- 4.9. Schottky Effect -- 4.10. Specific Heat of Paramagnetic Salts -- 4.11. Nuclear Schottky Effects -- 5 Heat Capacity of Liquids -- 5.1. Nature of the Liquid State -- 5.2. Specific Heat of Ordinary Liquids and Liquid Mixtures -- 5.3. Liquid 4He at Low Temperatures -- 5.4. Phonon and Roton Specific Heats -- 5.5. Transition in Liquid 4He -- 5.6. Specific Heat of Liquid 3He -- 5.7. Liquid 3He as a Fermi Liquid -- 5.8. Mixtures of 4He and 3He -- 5.9. Supercooled Liquids—Glasses -- 6 Specific Heats of Gases -- 6.1. Cp and Cv of a Gas -- 6.2. Classical Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.3. Quantum Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.4. Rotational Partition Function -- 6.5. Homonuclear Molecules—Isotopes of Hydrogen -- 6.6. Vibrational and Electronic Specific Heats -- 6.7. Calorimetric and Statistical Entropies—Disorder in Solid State -- 6.8. Hindered Rotation -- 6.9. Entropy of Hydrogen -- 7 Specific-Heat Anomalies -- 7.1. Spurious and Genuine Anomalies -- 7.2. Cooperative and Noncooperative Anomalies -- 7.3. Order-Disorder Transitions -- 7.4. Onset of Molecular Rotation -- 7.5. Ferroelectricity -- 7.6. Transitions in Rare-Earth Metals -- 7.7. Liquid-Gas Critical Points -- 7.8. Models of Cooperative Transitions -- 8 Miscellaneous Problems in Specific Heats -- 8.1. Specific Heat Near Phase Transitions -- 8.2. Specific Heat at Saturated Vapor Pressure -- 8.3. Relaxation of Rotational and Vibrational Specific Heats -- 8.4. Defects in Solids -- 8.5. Surface Effects -- 8.6. Compilations of Specific-Heat Data -- 8.7. Tabulations of Specific-Heat Functions -- Appendix (Six-Figure Tables of Einstein and Debye Internal-Energy and Specific-Heat Functions) -- Author Index.

Kurzfassung: This work was begun quite some time ago at the University of Oxford during the tenure of an Overseas Scholarship of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and was completed at Banga­ lore when the author was being supported by a maintenance allowance from the CSIR Pool for unemployed scientists. It is hoped that significant developments taking place as late as the beginning of 1965 have been incorporated. The initial impetus and inspiration for the work came from Dr. K. Mendelssohn. To him and to Drs. R. W. Hill and N. E. Phillips, who went through the whole of the text, the author is obliged in more ways than one. For permission to use figures and other materials, grateful thanks are tendered to the concerned workers and institutions. The author is not so sanguine as to imagine that all technical and literary flaws have been weeded out. If others come across them, they may be charitably brought to the author's notice as proof that physics has become too vast to be comprehended by a single onlooker. E. S. RAJA GoPAL Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 12, India November 1965 v Contents Introduction ................................................................. .

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes -- 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph -- II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 4. Kinematics -- 5. The Dynamical Equations -- 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity -- 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid -- 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids -- III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows -- 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow -- 10. The Viscometric Functions -- 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity -- 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow -- 13. Curvilineal Flows -- IV. Special Viscometric Flows -- 14. Flow through a Channel -- 15. General Properties of Helical Flows -- 16. Flows between Concentric Cylinders -- 17. Couette Flow -- 18. Flow between Stationary Concentric Cylinders -- 19. Poiseuille Flow -- 20. Normal Stress Effects at Free Boundaries -- 21. Cone and Plate Flow -- 22. Torsional Flow -- V. Experimental Methods and Results -- 23. General Considerations -- 24. Simple Shearing Flow -- 25. Couette Flow -- 26. Other Flows between Coaxial Cylinders -- 27. Poiseuille Flow -- 28. Cone and Plate Flow -- 29. Torsional Flow -- VI. Historical Remarks -- 30. History of the Development of the Theory -- 31. History of Experiments -- A. Appendix on Mathematical Concepts -- A 1. Vectors -- A 2. Bases, Linear Forms -- A 3. Points, Euclidean Space -- A 4. Tensors -- A 5. Multiplication of Tensors -- A 6. Transposition; Symmetric, Skew, and Orthogonal Tensors -- A 7. Traces and Determinants -- A 8. Point, Vector, and Tensor Functions -- A 9. Deformations, Gradients -- A 10. Coordinates -- A 11. Special Coordinate Systems -- References.

Kurzfassung: We here attempt to give a complete but concise treatment of the theory of steady viscometric flows of simple (non-Newtonian) fluids and to use that theory to discuss the design and interpretation of ex­ periments. We are able to present the theory with less mathematical machinery than was used in our original papers, partly because this Tract has more limited aims than those papers, and partly because we employ a method, found by Noll and published here for the first time, for dealing with visco metric flows without the apparatus of rela­ tive Cauchy-Green tensors and reduced constitutive equations. To make the theory accessible to students not familiar with modern mathematics, we have added to our Tract an appendix explaining some of the mathe­ matical concepts essential to continuum physics. Pittsburgh, July 1965 BERNARD D. COLEMAN HERSHEL MARKOVITZ WALTER NOLL CONTENTS I. Introduction page 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes. 1 5 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph . . . . . . . . . 7 II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids 4. Kinematics. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. The Dynamical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity . . . . . . 14 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid . 17 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids . . . . . . . . 19 III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow 21 10. The Viscometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . 22 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity 26 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow 29 13. Curvilineal Flows. . . . . . . . 30 1. Kinematical Description . . . .

Kurzfassung: The book discusses the cult of the dead within the religion of the Sa'dan Toradja, practiced among the main group of people inhabiting the South Toradja area, South Celebes, Indonesia. The death ritual, the aluk to mate, consists of many ceremonies, one of which is the singing of a chant for the deceased called the badon during a feast. The book provides examples of variations, circumstances of the performance, and interpretations of meaning for the chant

Kurzfassung: The book discusses the cult of the dead within the religion of the Sa'dan Toradja, practiced among the main group of people inhabiting the South Toradja area, South Celebes, Indonesia. The death ritual, the aluk to mate, consists of many ceremonies, one of which is the singing of a chant for the deceased called the badon during a feast. The book provides examples of variations, circumstances of the performance, and interpretations of meaning for the chant.

Kurzfassung: I. Between Arcadia and Karlsschule -- 1. Rebels and scholars -- 2. The freedom to wander -- 3. Romantic polarity -- II. Between Jena and Versailles -- 1. Professional history -- 2. The inaugural address -- 3. The historical writings -- III. Between Parthenon and Bastille -- 1. Political and esthetic roots -- 2. The philosophical essays -- 3. The Esthetic Letters -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: I wish to express my gratitude to the following distinguished scholars who have been greatly instrumental in the result of this inquiry. I am most indebted to Professor Peter Gay of Columbia, who has weeded out many errors and ambiguities in the manuscript, and whose vast knowledge, wide interest and profound insights have helped me here, as on previous occasions, to understand the intricacies of the eighteenth century. I should also like to thank Professor Fritz Stern for the keen criticism with which he has read the entire manuscript. A special debt lowe to Dr. Walter Silz who, expert on Schiller as well as on the Romantics, has aided me with great skill, experience and wisdom in the problem of relating both. I further wish to thank Pro­ fessor Walter Sokel of Stanford and Professor Theodore Ziolkowski of Princeton for their assistance in specific problems. Above all, however, I am profoundly indebted to my wife, without whose infinite care and patience, as well as fine linguistic precision this study could not have been written. T ABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PART 1. BETWEEN ARCADIA AND KARLSSCHULE 1. Rebels and scholars 5 2. The freedom to wander 16 3. Romantic polarity 27 PAR T II. BET WEE N J E N A AND V E R SAIL L E S 1. Professional history 45 2. The inaugural address 56 3. The historical writings 70 PAR T III.

Kurzfassung: The Genre -- Lunacharskii Versus the Proletcult -- The Myth of Sten’ka Razin -- Politics Projected into the Past -- The Three Variants of Peter -- Myth Serves the War Effort -- The Transformation of Lermontov -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: The taste for history is the most ariswcratic of all tastes. Ernest Rerum "Our century is pre-eminently an historical century . . . . Even art has now become pre-eminently historical. The historical novel and drama interest each and everyone more at present than do similar works belonging to the realm of pure fiction. "! Although Belinskii was writing in 1841, his statement could equally well apply to the Russia of a century later, when the interest in historical fiction had become, if anything, more intense. In fact, the abundance of Soviet historical novels and plays tempts one to believe Heine, when he said that the people want their history handed to them by the poet, not the historian. The infatuation with history to which Belinskii referred was not, however, indigenous to Russia; it was part of a rage, largely inspired by Waiter Scott, which had swept western Europe in the early nine­ teenth century, and which soon spread to Russia. Today, Scott's star has been eclipsed in the West, but it still burns brightly in the Soviet Union. Indeed, it can be said that the West has not only rejected Scott, but, to a considerable extent, the historical novel and playas well. As one writer recently put it: "The reading public, brought up on a strict diet of sex and science, prefers to take its history undiluted­ in the form of unexpurgated memoirs and frank biographies.