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  • 1985-1989  (23)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (23)
  • Education  (23)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401578295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 312 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: Introduction: Practical and Theoretical Framework -- I Conceptualizing and Planning an Evaluation -- 1 Constructing an Operational Evaluation Design -- 2 Conceptualizing Evaluation: The Key Evaluation Checklist -- 3 Journal Writing in Evaluation -- 4 Field Experiences in Evaluation Courses -- 5 Identifying the Evaluation and Its Usefulness -- 6 Evaluability Assessment -- 7 Evaluation Questions and Methods -- 8 Alternative Evaluation Data Collection Techniques -- 9 Establishing Evaluation Boundaries -- 10 Alternative Models for Evaluation -- 11 Planning a Discrepancy-Based Evaluation -- II Qualitative Methods in Evaluation -- 12 Naturalistic Interviewing -- 13 Critical Issues in Participant Observation -- 14 Naturalistic Data Collection: Case Study Discussion -- 15 “Trustworthiness” in Naturalistic Inquiry: Audit Trails -- 16 Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 17 Writing and Interpreting Ethnographic Protocols -- 18 The Computer-Assisted Analysis of Qualitative Data -- 19 Understanding Content Analysis Through the Sunday Comics -- 20 Using Case Records -- III Needs Assessment -- 21 Collection Techniques for Needs Assessment -- 22 A Quick Look at the Nominal Group Technique -- 23 Developing Focus Group Questions for Needs Assessment -- IV Proposal Writing -- 24 Proposal Writing in Early Childhood Special Education -- 25 Responding to an Informal Request to Evaluate: Writing a Proposal -- V Personnel Evaluation -- 26 A Hands-On Experience in Clinical Supervision -- 27 Tensions and Accommodations Among Administrators and Teachers about Staff Appraisal -- VI Issues in Evaluation: Reporting, Utilization, and Ethics -- 28 Information Portrayal and Use -- 29 Ethics and Evaluation: Problems, Issues and Usefulness -- VII Policy Analysis -- 30 Policy/Goal Percentaging -- VIII The Evaluator’s Tools: Statistics, Measurement, and Computers -- 31 Statistical Software Expert System -- 32 Charting Student Progress -- 33 Activities for Teaching Regression to the Mean -- 34 Using Microcomputer Database Management Software to Solve Evaluation Data Management Problems.
    Abstract: In 1976, the first session on the teaching of evaluation was held at an annual meeting of evaluators. A few hardy souls gathered to exchange ideas on improving the teaching of evaluation. At subsequent annual meetings, these informal sessions attracted more and more participants, eager to talk about common teaching interests and to exchange reading lists, syllabuses, assignments, and paper topics. The ses­ sions were irreverent, innovative, lively, and unpredictable. Eventually the group for­ malized itself with the American Evaluation Association as the Topical Interest Group in the Teaching of Evaluation (TIG: TOE). As word of TIG: TOE's activities spread, instructors from all over the country clamored for assistance and advice. It became apparent that a handbook was need­ ed, a practical interdisciplinary guide to the teaching of evaluation. Donna M. Mertens, a long-standing member of TIG: TOE and an accomplished teacher of evaluation, volunteered to edit the book, and her skills, sensitivity, and experience in the craft of teaching are apparent throughout.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services Series 27
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Background for Teacher Education Program Evaluation -- 3 The Accreditation Plus Model -- 4 Selection and Evaluation of Knowledge Bases for Teacher Education Programs -- 5 Quality Controls in Teacher Education Programs -- 6 Testing for Admissions -- 7 Evaluating Field-Based Experiences in Teacher Education -- 8 Assessing Student Performance Outcomes in Teacher Education Programs -- 9 Assessment of Faculty in Teacher Education Programs -- 10 Use of Mail Surveys to Collect Information for Program Improvement -- 11 Follow-Up Evaluation of Teacher Education Programs -- 12 Evaluating the Structure of the Education Unit -- 13 Physical Facilities Evaluation in Teacher Education Programs -- 14 Evaluating Financial Resources for Teacher Education Programs -- 15 Evaluation of Library Resources for a Teacher Education Program -- 16 Models and Modeling for Teacher Education Evaluation -- 17 Implementation of Evaluation Results -- 18 Elements of Law as They Relate to Teacher Education Evaluation -- 19 We Can Get There from Here -- Author Index -- NCATE Standards Index.
    Abstract: J. T. Sandefur Western Kentucky University American's ability to compete in world markets is eroding. The productivity growth of our competitors outdistances our own. The capacity of our economy to provide a high standard of living for all our people is increasingly in doubt. As jobs requiring little skill are automated or go offshore and demand increases for the highly skilled, the pool of educated and skilled people grows smaller and the backwater of the unemployable rises. Large numbers of American children are in limbo--ignorant of the past and unprepared for the future. Many are dropping out--notjust out of school--but out of productive society. These are not my words. They are a direct quote from the Executive Summary of the Carnegie Forum Report on Education and the Economy entitled A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century (p. 2, 1986). This report was motivated by four purposes: 1. To remind Americans, yet again, of the economic challenges pressing us on all sides; 2. To assert the primacy of education as the foundation of economic growth, equal opportunity and a shared national vision; 3. To reaffirm that the teaching profession is the best hope for establishing new standards of excellence as the hallmark of American education; and 4. To point out that a remarkable window of opportunity lies before us in the next decade to reform education, an opportunity that may not present itself again until well into the next century.
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 What Is Constructing Test Items? -- What This Book Is About -- Major Purposes Of This Book -- Why This Information Is Important -- Persons For Whom This Book Is Intended -- Overview Of The Remaining Chapters -- How To Approach the Chapters -- 2 Definition, Purpose, And Characteristics of Items -- Defining A Test Item -- Test Item Nomenclature -- Purpose For Test Items -- Criteria For Good Test Items -- Assumptions For Test Items -- Classification Of Items -- Conclusion -- 3 Determining the Content For Items: Validity -- Basic Concepts of Validity -- The Relationship Between Constructing Test Items and Validity -- Conditions For Items To Contribute To Validity -- Initial Considerations When Selecting Content For Items -- Achieving Clarity In A Test’s Content -- Developing Test Content Specifications -- Melding Cognitive Processing Levels With Items Content -- Test Item Specifications -- Making An Item Consistent With Its Specification -- Conclusion -- 4 Starting To Write Items: Practical Considerations -- The Importance Of Good Writing In Test Items -- Sources For Information On Writing Style -- Using Taxonomies In Writing Items -- Distinctness Between Stem and Response Alternatives -- Importance Of An Interrogative Stem -- Determining The Correct Response For Test Items -- Determining The Optimal Number Of Response Alternatives -- Making Response Alternatives Plausible -- Use Of All Of The Above Or None Of The Above As Response Alternatives -- Using Specific Determiners In Test Items -- Constructing Complex Response Alternatives -- Time Examinees Need To Respond To Items -- Conclusion -- 5 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in the Multiple-Choice Format -- Understanding The Multiple-Choice Item Format -- Advantages and Criticisms Of Items In The Multiple-Choice Format -- Editorial Format For Items -- Using Directions Correctly -- Specialized Style Rules For Multiple-Choice Items -- Type Characteristics and Page Layout -- Conclusion -- 6 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in Other Common Formats -- Precision In Wording, Again -- Understanding Items In The True-False Format -- Understanding Items In The Matching Format -- Understanding Short-Answer AndSentence-Completion Items -- Understanding Cloze-Procedure -- Conclusion -- 7 Judging the Quality Of Test Items: Item Analysis -- Measurement Error -- Understanding Item Analysis -- Validating The Content Of Items -- Using Leading Questions In Item Analysis -- Item Statistics -- Item Parameters -- Item Bias -- Conclusion -- 8 Ethical, Legal Considerations, and Final Remarks for Item Writers -- Ethical Concerns For Item Writers -- Concluding Comments About Constructing Test Items -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; History ; Humanities ; Art—Study and teaching. ; Education, Higher.
    Abstract: One Phenomenology and the Objective of Historiography -- Two The Idea of Being: A Platonic Speculation -- Three On Parsing the Parmenides -- Four On Participation: Beginning a Philosophical Grammar -- Five On Ritual and Rhetoric in Plato -- Six The Two Republics: A Study in Dialectic -- Seven The Liberal Arts and Plato’s Relation to Them -- Eight Saint Augustine’s Christian Dialectic -- Nine Faith and Reason in Plato and St. Augustine: A Further Dialectic -- Ten Descartes’ Revision of the Cartesian Dualism -- Eleven On Kant’s Philosophic Grammar of Mathematics -- Twelve Is Modern Physics Possible Within Kant’s Philosophy? -- Thirteen On Kant’s Refutation of Metaphysics -- Fourteen Husserl’s Ideas in the Liberal Arts Tradition -- Fifteen On the Structure and Value of the Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty -- Sixteen The Unity of the Liberal Arts and the University -- Seventeen Modes of Being and Their Relation to the Liberal Arts and Artist.
    Abstract: As this collection of essays demonstrates, over a long career Edward Goodwin Ballard has written on a wide range of topics of philosophical interest. Although the present volume can be enjoy­ ably browsed, it is not simply a sampling of his writings. Rather, herein Professor Ballard has chosen and organized essays which pertain to the major concerns of his philosophic life. He has long held that the function of philosophy, particularly in a time such as ours, is the discernment and analysis of basic principles (archai) and their consequences. Indeed, in Philosophy at the Crossroads. he recommended focusing upon the history of philosophy understood as the movement of recognizing and interpreting the shifts in first principles as they reflect and determine human change. For Ballard, the study of the history of philosophy, like philosophy itself, is not so much a body of knowledge as an exercise (an art) whiQh moves the practitioner towards social and individual maturity. He holds, along with Plato and Husserl, that philosophy is a process of conversion to the love of wisdom as well as a grasp of the means for its attainment. Throughout his writings, Ballard has maintained that the difficulties of this journey have to do with the limitations of the pilgrim. Human being is perspectival, finite, and inevitably ignorant. Philosophic command and self -recognition reside in the just assessment of the limits of human knowledge.
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Evaluability Assessment: Overview of Process -- 3 Determine Purpose, Secure Commitment, and Identify Work Group Members -- 4 Define Boundaries of Program to be Studied -- 5 Identify and Analyze Program Documents -- 6 Develop/Clarify Program Theory -- 7 Identify and Interview Stakeholders -- 8 Describe Stakeholder Perceptions of Program -- 9 Identify Stakeholder Needs, Concerns, and Differences in Perceptions -- 10 Determine Plausibility of Program Model -- 11 Draw Conclusions and Make Recommendations -- 12 Plan Specific Steps for Utilization of EA Data -- 13 Observations about the Process -- Appendix One The Cooperative Extension System -- Appendix Two Evaluability Assessment of the 4-H Youth Program, Maryland Cooperative Extension Service -- Appendix Three Evaluability Assessment of the Local Government Officials Program, Illinois Cooperative Extension Service -- Appendix Four Evaluability Assessment of the Master Gardener Program, California Cooperative Extension -- References.
    Abstract: My interest in and appreciation for program evaluation began in the early 1970's when conducting a curriculum development research project at the University of Florida's P. K. Y onge Laboratory School. This interest was sparked when it became apparent that testing the success of an education program required more skills than just statistics and research methods. After pursuing additional formal schooling, I embarked on a career featuring educational program evaluation as its central thrust--as a private consultant, later in a university health sciences center involving seven academic colleges, and then in the Cooperative Extension Services of Florida and Maryland. Adding evaluability assessment (EA) to the performance of evaluations, to program development, and to teaching about evaluation has been a significant development for me personally, and I hope to those who have been participants with me in each endeavor. This book grew out of many of these experiences and involved numerous colleagues who made significant contributions. First among these is Dr. George Mayeske, Program Evaluation Specialist, Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. c.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789400925021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Economic policy
    Abstract: I Grounding Testing Policy: Three Perspectives -- The Allocation of Opportunities and the Politics of Testing: A Policy Analytic Perspective -- The Mandarin Mentality: Civil Service and University Admissions Testing in Europe and Asia -- Testing Companies, Trends, and Policy Issues: A Current View from the Testing Industry -- II Testing and the Law: Title VII and the Federal Guidelines -- Employment Testing and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Non-Discriminatory Use of Personnel Tests Conference Remarks -- The Uniform Guidelines and Subjective Selection Criteria and Procedures Conference Remarks -- III Testing and the Law: The Role of the Courts -- Testing, Public Policy, and the Courts -- Testing in Elementary and Secondary Schools: Can Misuse Be Avoided? -- IV Testing in the Workplace: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives -- Economic Models of Discrimination, Testing, and Public Policy -- Ability Testing for Job Selection: Are the Economic Claims Justified? -- Examples of Testing Programs in the Insurance Industry and a Discussion of Employment Testing Policy Issues -- Test Scores and Evaluation: The Military as Data -- Los Angeles Testing Policies Conference Remarks.
    Abstract: Bernard R. Gifford In the United States, the standardized test has become one of the major sources of information for reducing uncertainty in the determination of individual merit and in the allocation of merit-based educational, training, and employment opportunities. Most major institutions of higher education require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievements with scores on standardized tests. Similarly, in the workplace, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring prospective employees to sit for standardized tests. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, individual members of the political economy are required to transmit to the opportunity marketplace scores on standardized examinations that purport to be objective measures of their and potential. In many instances, these test scores are the abilities, talents, only signals about their skills that job applicants are permitted to send to prospective employers. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TESTING AND PUBLIC POLICY In view of the importance of these issues to our current national agenda, it was proposed that the Human Rights and Governance and the Education and Culture Programs of the Ford Foundation support the establishment of a ''blue ribbon" National Commission on Testing and Public Policy to investigate some of the major problems as well as the untapped opportunities created by recent trends in the use of standardized tests, particularly in the workplace and in schools.
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Economic policy
    Abstract: I Tests as Tools of Educational Policy: Theory, Attribution, and Belief -- Mandated Tests: Educational Reform or Quality Indicator? -- Student Achievement Tests as Tools of Educational Policy: Practices and Consequences -- Making Sense of School Testing -- The Irish Study Revisited -- II Tests in Educational Decision Making: Psychometric and Political Boundary Conditions -- Using Test Scores for Decision Making -- If Not Tests, Then What? Conference Remarks -- Advice to the Commission Conference Remarks -- III Language, Culture, Ethnicity, and Testing -- Aspects of Differential Performance by Minorities on Standardized Tests: Linguistic and Sociocultural Factors -- Ethnic Group Differences in the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Performance of American Youth: Implications for Career Prospects -- Testing Bilingual Proficiency for Specialized Occupations: Issues and Implications -- Informal Assessment of Asian Americans: A Cultural and Linguistic Mismatch? -- Black and White Cultural Styles in Pluralistic Perspective.
    Abstract: Bernard R. Gifford In the United States, the standardized test has become one of the major sources of information for reducing uncertainty in the determination of individual merit and in the allocation of merit-based educational, training, and employment opportunities. Most major institutions of higher education require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievements with scores on standardized tests. Similarly, in the workplace, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring prospective employees to sit for standardized tests. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, individual members of the political economy are required to transmit to the opportunity marketplace scores on standardized examinations that purport to be objective measures of their abilities, talents, and potential. In many instances, these test scores are the only signals about their skills that job applicants are permitted to send to prospective employers. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TESTING AND PUBLIC POLICY In view of the importance of these issues to our current national agenda, it was proposed that the Human Rights and Governance and the Education and Culture Programs of the Ford Foundation support the establishment of a ''blue ribbon" National Commission on Testing and Public Policy to investigate some of the major problems, as well as the untapped opportunities, created by recent trends in the use of standardized tests, particularly in the workplace and in schools.
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Assessment.
    Abstract: 1 Teacher Selection: A Problem of Admission Criteria, Certification Criteria, or Prediction of Job Performance? -- 2 Evaluation of Teacher Education Programs -- 3 The Professional Education Unit -- 4 An Outcomes-Based Teacher Preparation Program -- 5 Teacher Education Follow-up Evaluation: How To Do It -- 6 Pupil Achievement: The Weakest Link in the Evaluation Chain -- 7 Reflections on Conference Proceedings for the Center for Teacher Education Evaluation -- 8 Some Missing Links.
    Abstract: In an age that dictates accountability and verifiability of educational programs, institutions of higher education are called on to justify their programs. To meet these demands, there is a need for improved methods for the evaluation of teacher education programs. More importantly, there is a need for the development of methods and procedures to conduct continuous and on-going evaluation that can aid the process of program improvement. Many institutions have had difficulties in developing and implementing satisfactory systems for conducting needed evaluation. In recent years the standards for the approval of teacher education programs in all of the states were strengthened as were the standards for approval by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). These revised standards put even more emphasis on accountability and the need for both summative and formative evaluation in a teacher education program. Tennessee Technological University has long been recognized as an institution with an exemplary project in program evaluation. As a result, in 1986, the state of Tennessee established at Tennessee Technological University, a Center for Teacher Education Evaluation. The Center began work in July 1986, on the development of models and systems for conducting teacher education program evaluation. To most, teacher education program evaluation is simple and straightforward. Evaluation includes a set of options, a set of criteria, data collection and interpretation, x and then use in meeting accountability needs.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400926790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I The Service Study Years: 1929 to 1938 -- 1 Overview -- 2 Service Studies in Higher Education -- 3 Constructing Achievement Tests -- II Appraising and Recording Student Progress: The Eight-Year Study -- 1 Overview -- 2 Appraising and Recording Student Progress -- III Tyler’s Rationale for Curriculum Development -- 1 Overview -- 2 New Dimensions in Curriculum Development -- IV National Testing Programs -- 1 Overview -- 2 Appraisal of Educational Achievement Gained in the Armed Forces -- 3 The Objectives and Plans for a National Assessment of Educational Progress -- 4 National Assessment — Some Valuable By-Products for Schools -- V Tyler’s Recent Reflections on His Work -- 1 Overview -- 2 An Interview with Ralph Tyler -- 3 Appendix: Vitae of Ralph Winfred Tyler -- VI A Chronological Bibliography.
    Abstract: I personally learned to know Ralph Tyler rather late in his career when, in the 1960s, I spent a year as a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. His term of office as Director of the Center was then approaching its end. This would seem to disqualify me thoroughly from preparing a Foreword to this "Classic Works. " Many of his colleagues and, not least, of his students at his dear Alma Mater, the University of Chicago, are certainly better prepared than I to put his role in American education in proper perspective. The reason for inviting me is, I assume, to bring out the influence that Tyler has had on the international educational scene. I am writing this Foreword on a personal note. Ralph Tyler's accomplishments in his roles as a scholar, policy maker, educational leader, and statesman have been amply put on record in this book, not least in the editors' Preface. My reflections are those of an observer from abroad but who, over the last 25 years, has been close enough to overcome the aloofness of the foreigner. Tyler has over many years been criss-crossing the North American con­ tinent generously giving advice to agencies at the federal, state, and local levels, lecturing, and serving on many committees and task forces that have been instrumental in shaping American education.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789400926691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services Series 19
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I Concepts -- 1 The School Principalship -- 2 A Focus on Decision Making and Evaluation -- 3 Evaluation in Education -- 4 How Evaluation Can Improve Decision Making in the School Principalship -- II Studies -- 5 Assigning Teachers to Classrooms -- 6 Making Schoolwide Decisions While Interacting with Teachers -- 7 Performing the Role of Teacher Evaluation -- 8 Guiding and Evaluating Teachers on Student Achievement-Based Instructional Objectives -- 9 Guiding Rational Solutions to Academic Problems of Low Achievers -- 10 Coordinating Student Achievement Testing -- III Implications -- 11 Conclusions -- 12 Toward Improvement -- References.
    Abstract: This book is about the practice of decision making by school principals and about ways to improve this practice by capitalizing on evaluation dimensions. Much has been written on decision making but surprisingly little on decision making in the school principalship. Much has been also written on evaluation as well as on evaluation and decision making, but not much has been written on evaluation in decision making, especially decision making in the principalship. This book presents two messages. One is that decision making in the principalship can be studied and improved and not only talked about in abstract terms. The other message is that evaluation can contribute to the understanding of decision making in the principalship and to the improvement of its practice. In this book we call for the conception of an evaluation-minded principal, a principal who has a wide perspective on the nature of evaluation and its potential benefits, a principal who is also inclined to use evaluation perceptions and techniques as part of his/her decision-making process. This book was conceived in 1985 with the idea to combine thoughts about educational administration with thoughts about educational evaluation. Studies of decision making in the principalship had already been on their way. We decided to await the findings, and in the meantime we wrote a first conceptual version of evaluation in decision making. As the studies were completed we wrote a first empirical version of same.
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 172 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Mathematical Education and Aboriginal Children -- On Culture, Geometrical Thinking and Mathematics Education -- School Mathematics in Culture-Conflict Situations -- Mathematics Education in Its Cultural Context -- Values, Mathematics Education, and the Task of Developing Pupils’ Personalities: An Indonesian Perspective -- Outcomes of Schooling: Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes Towards Mathematics Learning in Hong Kong -- Institutional Issues in the Study of School Mathematics: Curriculum Research -- The Computer as a Cultural Influence in Mathematical Learning -- Book Reviews -- Erich Ch. Wittmann, ElementargeometrieundWirklichkeit -- C. C McKnight, F. J. Crosswhite, J. A. Dossey, E. Kifer, J. O. Swafford, K. J. Travers, and T. J. Cooney, The Underachieving Curriculum — Assessing US School Mathematics from an International Perspective -- Louise Lafortune (ed.), Women and Mathematics -- J. Dhombres, A. Dahan-Dalmedico, R. Bkouche, C. Houzel, and M. Guillemot, Mathématiquesau fil des âges.
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  • 12
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: 1/Towards a Way of Knowing -- 1.1. The conflict -- 1.2. My task -- 1.3. Preliminary thoughts on Mathematics education and culture -- 1.4. Technique-oriented curriculum -- 1.5. Impersonal learning -- 1.6. Text teaching -- 1.7. False assumptions -- 1.8. Mathematical education, a social process -- 1.9. What is mathematical about a mathematical education? -- 1.10. Overview -- 2/Environmental Activities and Mathematical Culture -- 2.1. Perspectives from cross-cultural studies -- 2.2. The search for mathematical similarities -- 2.3. Counting -- 2.4. Locating -- 2.5. Measuring -- 2.6. Designing -- 2.7. Playing -- 2.8. Explaining -- 2.9. From ‘universals’ to ‘particulars’ -- 2.10. Summary -- 3/The Values of Mathematical Culture -- 3.1. Values, ideals and theories of knowledge -- 3.2. Ideology — rationalism -- 3.3. Ideology — objectism -- 3.4. Sentiment — control -- 3.5. Sentiment — progress -- 3.6. Sociology — openness -- 3.7. Sociology — mystery -- 4/Mathematical Culture and the Child -- 4.1. Mathematical culture — symbolic technology and values -- 4.2. The culture of a people -- 4.3. The child in relation to the cultural group -- 4.4. Mathematical enculturation -- 5/Mathematical Enculturation — The Curriculum -- 5.1. The curriculum project -- 5.2. The cultural approach to the Mathematics curriculum — five principles -- 5.3. The three components of the enculturation curriculum -- 5.4. The symbolic component: concept-based -- 5.5. The societal component: project-based -- 5.6. The cultural component: investigation-based -- 5.7. Balance in this curriculum -- 5.8. Progress through this curriculum -- 6/Mathematical Enculturation — The Process -- 6.1. Conceptualising the enculturation process in action -- 6.2. An asymmetrical process -- 6.3. An intentional process -- 6.4. An ideational process -- 7/The Mathematical Enculturators -- 7.1. People are responsible for the process -- 7.2. The preparation of Mathematical enculturators — preliminary thoughts -- 7.3. The criteria for the selection of Mathematical enculturators -- 7.4. The principles of the education of Mathematical enculturators -- 7.5. Socialising the future enculturator into the Mathematics Education community -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Mathematics is in the unenviable position of being simultaneously one of the most important school subjects for today's children to study and one of the least well understood. Its reputation is awe-inspiring. Everybody knows how important it is and everybody knows that they have to study it. But few people feel comfortable with it; so much so that it is socially quite acceptable in many countries to confess ignorance about it, to brag about one's incompe­ tence at doing it, and even to claim that one is mathophobic! So are teachers around the world being apparently legal sadists by inflicting mental pain on their charges? Or is it that their pupils are all masochists, enjoying the thrill of self-inflicted mental torture? More seriously, do we really know what the reasons are for the mathematical activity which goes on in schools? Do we really have confidence in our criteria for judging what's important and what isn't? Do we really know what we should be doing? These basic questions become even more important when considered in the context of two growing problem areas. The first is a concern felt in many countries about the direction which mathematics education should take in the face of the increasing presence of computers and calculator-related technol­ ogy in society.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401174237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Personnel management. ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Abstract: I Organizational Context of Training Evaluation -- 1 The Role of Training in Implementing Strategic Change -- 2 Strategic Evaluation of Training -- 3 The Organizational Context of Training Evaluation for Staff Development -- 4 Evaluating Training Programs for Decision Making -- 5 Management Education: Articulating the Unspoken, Riding the Herd, Wasting Money, or Preparing for Tomorrow? -- II Evaluation of Training Products -- 6 Evaluation Issues in the Educational Product Life-Cycle -- 7 Applying Quality Management Concepts and Techniques to Training Evaluation -- 8 Content Validity as an Evaluation Strategy for Examining Training Programs -- 9 The Role of Media in the Evaluation of Training -- 10 Management Education: An Emerging Role for Systematic Evaluation -- III Evaluating and Maximizing the Use of Evaluation Results -- 11 Establishing Corporate Evaluation Policy: Cost Versus Benefit -- 12 Communicating Evaluation Results: The External Evaluator Perspective -- 13 Communicating Evaluation Results: The Internal Evaluator Perspective -- 14 Implementing a Testing Strategy Within a Training Program -- 15 Use of Training Data in Personnel Decision Making.
    Abstract: In the abstract, training is seen as valuable by most people in business and industry. However, in the rush of providing training programs "on time" and "within budget," evaluation of training is frequently left behind as a "nice to have" addition, if practical. In addition, the training function itself is left with the dilemma of proving its worth to management without a substantive history of evaluation. This book is designed to provide managers, educators, and trainers alike the opportunity to explore the issues and benefits of evaluating business and industry training. The purpose is to motivate more effective decisions for training investments based on information about the value of training in attaining business goals. Without evaluation, the value of specific training efforts cannot be adequately measured, the value of training investments overall cannot be fully assessed, and the contributions of the training function to the corporation's goals cannot be duly recognized. Articles are grouped into three sections, althou~h many themes appear across sections. The first section estabhshes the context of training evaluation in a business organization. The second section emphasizes evaluation of training products and services; and the third section discusses costs and benefits of evaluation, and communication and use of evaluation results in decision making. In Section I, the context of training evaluation is established from a variety of perspectives. First, training and trainin~ evaluation are discussed in the context of corporate strateglc goals.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400937079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 351 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: Mathematical Material for Chapter I: “Gulliver” -- I Introduction -- Mathematical Material for Chapter II: “Counting Problems” -- II Starting Points -- Mathematical Material for Chapter III: “Grains on the Chessboard” -- III One-Dimensional Goal Description -- Mathematical Material for Chapter IV: “The Land of Eight” -- IV Two-Dimensional Goal Description -- Mathematical Material for Chapter V: “Freckleham” -- V Three-Dimensional Goal Description -- Mathematical Material for Chapter VI: “Algorithms” -- VI Survey and Justification -- Mathematical Material for Chapter VII (Appendix): “The Wiskobas Curriculum” -- VII Framework for Instruction Theory -- Notes.
    Abstract: In Dutch "WISKOBAS" stands for a particular kind of mathematics in the elementary school (ages 6-12). In tum Wiskobas was one of the depart­ ments in the IOWO, the Institute for the Development of Mathematics Education. This institute was concerned with the development of material for mathematics education as well as the related research on the possibility of change from the then existing arithmetic instruction to the future mathematics education. The present publication Three Dimensions has three aims: to give a picture of the goals Wiskobas set for future mathematics education, at the same time to show how such goals can be described, and to show the theoretical framework of the Wiskobas curriculum. The problem at hand is not at all simple. What is more, Wiskobas' ideas about mathematics education cannot literally be translated into strings of words. So how can we face the accusation that our objectives are unattain­ able and the goal itself irrational? In order to avoid this vagueness as much as possible and for the sake of clarity, this book makes continuous use of illustrations of mathematics education. In these examples both the subject-matter and the methods of description of the goals are illustrated as explicitly as possible, while at the same time creating the opportunity to read between the lines. The reader is urged to follow carefully the mathe­ matical material at the start of each chapter. This advice applies both to the more general education oriented, and to the more mathematical! didactical reader.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400932579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1: Educational Assessment: A Brief History -- 2: Toward More Sensible Achievement Measurement: A Retrospective -- 3: Analysis of Patterns: The S-P Technique -- 4: The Rasch Model for Item Analysis -- 5: The Three-Parameter Logistic Model -- 6: Measuring Achievement with Latent Structure Models -- 7: Generalizability Theory and Achievement Testing -- 8: Analysis of Reading Comprehension Data -- 9: A Comparison of Models for Measuring Achievement.
    Abstract: Ingrained for many years in the science of educational assessment were a large number of "truths" about how to make sense out of testing results, artful wisdoms that appear to have held away largely by force of habit alone. Practitioners and researchers only occasionally agreed about how tests should be designed, and were even further apart when they came to interpreting test responses by any means other than categorically "right" or "wrong." Even the best innovations were painfully slow to be incorporated into practice. The traditional approach to testing was developed to accomplish only two tasks: to provide ranking of students, or to select relatively small proportions of students for special treatment. In these tasks it was fairly effective, but it is increasingly seen as inadequate for the broader spectrum of issues that educational measurement is now called upon to address. Today the range of questions being asked of educational test data is itself growing by leaps and bounds. Fortunately, to meet this challenge we have available a wide panoply of resource tools for assessment which deserve serious attention. Many of them have exceptionally sOphisticated mathematical foundations, and succeed well where older and less versatile techniques fail dismally. Yet no single new tool can conceivably cover the entire arena.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401572590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Affective Characteristics: Their Conceptual Definitions -- 2 Constructing Affective Instruments -- 3 Scaling Affective Characteristics -- 4 The Validity of Affective Instruments -- 5 The Reliability of Affective Instruments -- 6 A Review of the Steps for Developing an Affective Instrument -- References -- Appendixes A. Semantic Differential: Me As a Counselor -- B. Occupational Values Inventory: Normative Form 191 Occupational Values Inventory: Ipsative Form -- Author Index.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401174206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- Purpose and Organization of This Book -- Description of Programs Upon Which This Book is Based -- Relevance of the Examples Used in This Book to Other Programs -- Section I: Proposal Review Guidelines and Instruments -- 2: Strategies for Eliciting High-Quality Proposals -- 3: Preparing for the Proposal Review -- 4: Conducting the Proposal Review Process and Presenting the Results -- Section II: Onsite Evaluation Guidelines and Procedures -- 5: Uses and Functions of Onsite Evaluations -- 6: Considerations and Activities Preceding the Onsite Visit -- 7: Conducting, Reporting and Evaluating Onsite Evaluation Activities -- Section III: Technical Assistance for Funded Projects -- 8: Organizing a Technical Assistance System -- 9: Providing Technical Assistance -- Section IV: Establishing Evaluation Agreements and Contracts -- 10: Basic Considerations in Establishing Evaluation Contracts and Agreements -- 11: Negotiating and Monitoring Evaluation Contracts and Agreements -- References.
    Abstract: During the past two decades, evaluation has come to play an increasingly important role in the operation of educational and social programs by national, state, and local agencies. Mandates by federal funding agencies that programs they sponsored be evaluated gave impetus to use of evaluation. Realization that evaluation plays a pivotal role in assuring program quality and effectiveness has maintained the use of evaluation even where mandates have been relaxed. With increased use --indeed institutionalization --of evaluation in many community, state, and national agencies, evaluation has matured as a profession, and new evaluation approaches have been developed to aid in program planning, implementation, monitoring, and improvement. Much has been written about various philosophical and theoretical orientations to evaluation, its relationship to program management, appropriate roles evaluation might play, new and sometimes esoteric evaluation methods, and particular evaluation techniques. Useful as these writings are, relatively little has been written about simple but enormously important activities which comprise much of the day-to-day work of the program evaluator. This book is focused on some of these more practical aspects that largely determine the extent to which evaluation will prove helpful.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400945043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 371 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: 1. Social Norms and External Evaluation -- 2. Mathematics as a School Subject -- 3. Teachers’ Cognitive Activities -- 4. Textual Analysis -- 5. What Is a Text? -- 6. Observing Students at Work -- 7. Task and Activity -- 8. Classroom Organisation and Dynamics.
    Abstract: BACOMET cannot be evaluated solely on the basis of its publications. It is important then that the reader, with only this volume on which to judge both the BACOMET activities and its major outcome to date, should know some­ thing of what preceded this book's publication. For it is the story of how a group of educators, mainly tutors of student-teachers of mathematics, com­ mitted themselves to a continuing period of work and self-education. The concept of BACOMET developed during a series of meetings held in 1978-79 between the three editors, Bent Christiansen, Geoffrey Howson and Michael Otte, at which we expressed our concern about the contributions from mathematics education as a discipline to teacher education, both as we observed it and as we participated in it. The short time which was at the teacher-educator's disposal, allied to the limited knowledge and experience of the students on which one had to build, raised puzzling problems concerning priorities and emphases. The recognition that these problems were shared by educators from many different countries was matched by the fact that it would be fruitless to attempt to search for an internationally (or even nationally) acceptable solution to our problems. Different contexts and traditions rule this out.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400942295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Critical Inquiry for School Renewal: Liberating Theory and Practice -- 2 A Critical Perspective on Administration and Organization in Education -- 3 An Alternative and Critical Perspective for Clinical Supervision in Schools -- 4 Reformulating the Evaluation Process -- Reflections -- 5 On Critical Theory and Educational Practice -- 6 Teaching as Reflective Practice -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Major "paradigm shifts"-replacing one "world view" with another­ regarding what constitutes appropriate knowledge do not happen over­ night. Centuries usually intervene in the process. Even minor shifts­ admitting alternative world views into the domain of legitimate knowledge­ producing theory and practice-require decades of controversy, especially, it seems to us, in the field of education. It has only been in the last 20 years or so that the educational research community has begun to accept the "scientific" credibility of the qualitative approaches to inquiry such as participant observation, case study, ethnogra­ phy, and the like. In fact, these methods, with their long and distinguished philosophical traditions in phenomenology, have really only come into their own within the last decade. The critical perspective on generating and evaluating knowledge and practice-what this book is mostly about-is in many ways a radical depar­ ture from both the more traditional quantitative and qualitative perspec­ tives. The traditional approaches, in fact, are far more similar to one another than they are to the critical perspective. This is the case, in our view, for one crucial reason: Both the more quantitative, empirical-analytic and qualitative, interpretive traditions share a fundamental epistemological commitment: they both eschew ideology and human interests as explicit components in their paradigms of inquiry. Ideology and human interests, however, are the "bread and butter" of a critical approach to inquiry.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400942271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I Background -- 1 Educational Research and Educational Systems -- 2 The Pittsburgh Experience -- II Generalizations About Decision-Oriented Educational Research -- 3 Client Orientation -- 4 The Importance of Being Methodologically Eclectic -- 5 Monitoring Indicators and Tailoring Practice -- 6 Computer-Based Information Systems -- 7 Program Documentation -- 8 Understanding Achievement Test Results -- 9 Utilization and the Role of the Dissemination Process -- 10 Summary, Conclusions, and Implications -- III The Case Histories -- Case History 1 Elementary School Achievement Study -- Case History 2 Achievement Implications of Grade Reorganization -- Case History 3 Evaluation of Project Pass -- Case History 4 A District-Wide Needs Assessment -- Case History 5 Documenting the Development of a School Improvement Program -- Case History 6 Title I Program for Secondary Students -- Case History 7 Middle-School Needs Assessment -- Case History 8 Computer-Based Information Systems -- Case History 9 Documenting the Development of a Secondary Teacher Center -- Case History 10 The Use of Achievement Test Results in Personnel Evaluation -- Case History 11 Selection of a New Reading Program -- References.
    Abstract: Decision-Oriented Educational Research considers a form of educational research that is designed to be directly relevant to the current information requirements of those who are shaping educational policy or managing edu­ cational systems. It was written for those who plan to conduct such research, as well as for policy makers and educational administrators who might have such research conducted for them. The book is divided into three main parts. Part I is background. Chapter 1 describes some of the basic themes that are woven throughout subsequent chapters on decision-oriented research. These themes include the impor­ tance of taking a systems view of educational research; of understanding the nature of decision and policy processes and how these influence system re­ search; of integrating research activities into the larger system's processes; of the role of management in the research process; of researchers and managers sharing a sense of educational purposes; and of emphasizing system improvement as a basic goal of research process. Chapter 2 is a discussion of the background of the research activities that form the bases of this book. Our collaboration with the Pittsburgh public school system is described, as are the methods and structure we used to build the case histories of our work with the district. Part II, encompassing chapters 3 through 9, addresses basic generaliza­ tions about decision-oriented educational research that we have derived from our experiences.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789400942219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 An Overview and Some Foundations -- 2 The Evaluate-Your-Instruction Process -- 3 The Evaluation of Productivity, Quality, and Quality-with-Equity in Education -- 4 The Learning Event: A High School’s Math Program for the College Bound -- 5 The Learning Event: the Reading Comprehension Program in a K-8 Elementary School -- 6 An Objectives-Driven Example: Certain Language Arts Basic Skills -- 7 A Cross-Cutting, Interdisciplinary Learning Event: The Character Development of the Students in a K-12 District -- 8 Testing Issues Germane to Evaluating Your Instruction -- 9 Instructional Monitoring with Maximum Performance Tests -- 10 Self-Report and Typical Performance Measures -- References -- Appendix A Mathematics Basic Skills Objective List -- Appendix B Objectives for Capitalization, Punctuation, Grammar Terms, and Grammar Usage.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400949867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 The Need, the Conference, the Book -- 2 The Relevance of the Joint Committee Standards for Improving Evaluations in Continuing Education in the Health Professions -- 3 Another View of the Standards -- 4 Design Problems in Evaluation -- 5 Contemporary Evaluation Designs in Continuing Education -- 6 Data-Collection Problems in Evaluation -- 7 Data-Collection Techniques in Evaluation -- 8 Data Analysis in Evaluation -- 9 Another View of Data Analysis -- 10 Politics of Evaluation -- 11 The State of the Art: A Summary Statement -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Phil R. Manning "Can you prove that continuing education really makes any difference?" Over the years, educators concerned with continuing education (CE) for health professionals have either heard or voiced that question in one form or another more than once. But because of the difficulty in measuring the specific effects of a given course, program, or conference, the question has not been answered satisfactorily. Since CE is costly, since CE is now mandated in some states for re-registration, and since its worth has not been proven in for­ mal evaluation research, the pressure to evaluate remains strong. The question can be partially answered by a more careful definition of continuing education, particularly the goals to be achieved by CEo Another part of the answer depends on the development of a stronger commitment to evaluation of CE by its providers. But a significant part of the answer might be provided through the improvement of methods used in evaluation of continuing education for health professionals. To address this last concern, the Development and Demonstration Center in Continuing Education for the Health Professions of the Univer­ sity of Southern California organized and conducted a meeting of academi­ cians and practitioners in evaluation of continuing education. During a three-day period, participants heard formal presentations by five invited speakers and then discussed the application of the state of the art of educa­ tional evaluation to problems of evaluation of continuing education for health professionals.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401178075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 229 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction to Needs Assessment -- The Current Practice of Needs Assessment -- Current Needs Assessment Literature -- Problems in the Practice and Theory of Needs Assessment -- Definition of Need -- The Needs Assessment Process -- A Checklist for Designing and Evaluating Needs Assessments -- Summary -- 2 Preparation -- Identifying the Client, Other Audiences, and the Target Population -- Purposes of the Needs Assessment -- Determining Information Needs -- Identifying the Agency or Person that Will Conduct the Assessment -- Needs Assessment Planning: An Example -- Developing the Basic Design -- Converting the Design into a Management Plan -- Institutional Support -- Reaching and Formalizing Agreements to Govern the Assessment -- The Example Revisited -- Appendix 2A: Needs Assessment Planning Chart -- Appendix 2B: Planning Budget -- Appendix 2C: Summary Budget -- Appendix 2D: Memorandum of Agreement Between the School Board and Learning Disabilities Council -- Appendix 2E: Grant Letter -- 3 Information Gathering -- Definition -- Designing and Operationalizing the Information Collection Plan -- Planning Information Collection -- Conducting Observation Procedures -- 4 Analysis -- Preliminary Analysis -- Needs and Strengths Analysis -- Treatments Analysis -- Summary -- 5 Reporting Needs Assessment Information -- General Guidelines -- Reporting Criteria -- Preparing a Reporting Plan -- Functional Elements in Reporting -- Reporting Examples -- Charts, Graphs, and Tables -- Summary -- 6 Evaluating the Needs Assessment -- Why Evaluate a Needs Assessment? -- Standards of a Good Needs Assessment -- Evaluation Questions -- Types of Evaluation -- Summary -- Appendix 6A: Questions for Evaluating a Needs Assessment -- Appendix 6B: Checklist for Judging the Adequacy of an Evaluation Design -- Appendix A: Establishing Validity and Reliability in Instrumentation -- Appendix B: Techniques for Analyzing Needs Assessment Information.
    Abstract: What goals should be addressed by educational programs? What priorities should be assigned to the different goals? What funds should be allocated to each goal? How can quality services be maintained with declining school enrollments and shrinking revenues? What programs could be cut if necessary? The ebb and flow of the student population, the changing needs of our society and the fluctuation of resources constantly impinge on the education system. Educators must deal with students, communities, and social institutions that are dynamic, resulting in changing needs. It is in the context of attempting to be responsive to these changes, and to the many wishes and needs that schools are asked to address, that needs assessment can be useful. Needs assessment is a process that helps one to identify and examine both values and information. It provides direction for making decisions about programs and resources. It can include such relatively objective procedures as the statistical description and analysis of standardized test data and such subjective procedures as public testimony and values clarification activities. Needs assessment can be a part of community relations, facilities planning and consolidation, program development and evaluation, and resource allocation. Needs assessment thus addresses a xiii XIV PREFACE broad array of purposes and requires that many different kinds of procedures be available for gathering and analyzing information. This book was written with this wide variation of practices in mind.
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