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  • 1960-1964  (14)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (14)
  • Lisboa
  • Leiden : Brill
  • Conflict of laws.  (14)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Law, Politics, and the Security Council : An Inquiry into the Handling of Legal Questions Involved in International Disputes and Situations (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401192613
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (252p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
    Kurzfassung: One respect in which the United Nations has departed most widely from the League of Nations in its practice has been the method adopted by the Security Coundl for handling legal questions that arise in connection with its work. While the League Coundl followed the practice of re­ ferring to the Permanent Court of International J ustice many questions of a legal nature arising in connection with its activities, including many that arose in connection with the handling of actual disputes, the Se­ curity Council of the United Nations has on no occasion requested an advisory opinion from the Court. All questions that have been sub­ mitted to the Court by organs of the United Nations have been sub­ mitted by the General Assembly. Nor has the Security Council, in the course of its activities, seen fit to rely on any other external body or even on a sub-committee of legal experts for the clarification of the issues of a legal nature that have arisen in the course of its deliberations. This attitude on the part of the Security Council was no doubt to some extent antidpated in the discussions that took place in con­ nection with the drafting of the Charter where great emphasis was placed upon the political nature of the responsibility of the Security Council and of its members for the maintenance of international peace and security.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. IntroductionII. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9261-3
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  • 2
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    Arab Contract of Employment (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401188364
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (297p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Social legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: The contract of employment is the legal instrument which regulates the conditions of employment of the vast majority of the working 1 people of the world. More than any other civil contract based on mutual rights and obligations, this contract is characterised by the importance of its human elements. Sir William Blackstone once under­ lined the human and legal significance ofthe relationship, by classifying it immediately after the two great human relationships of husband and 2 wife and of parent and child. The contract is thus nationally and internationally important. In 1927 the International Labour Conference adopted a resolution "requesting the governing body of the Office to consider the possibility of placing the question of the general principles of contracts of employment on the agenda of a future session of the Conference. "3 This question was regrettably not followed up. The reason though not the justification, lies in the difficult task of limiting the bounds of the contract and of reconciling the different legal systems in the various countries. The effort spent by the LL. O. during the last few years towards the adoption of an international recommendation on the termination of the contract, which is yet to bear fruit, illustrates the difficulties involved. In the Arab countries the importance of the contract of employment was more felt since the introduction of industry thirty years ago.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. IntroductionII. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8836-4
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  • 3
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    The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain Other International Organizations (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401509893
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (230p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I. Privileges and Immunities in International Law -- I Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
    Kurzfassung: The past century has been a period of revolutionary change in many fields of human activity, in institutions and in thought. This period has seen the need of adjustment of state institutions and legal concepts to the needs of greater international cooperation. During the half­ century preceding the First World War, cooperation by governments outside the traditional diplomatic channels and procedures was largely limited to highly technical organizations, commonly referred to as public international unions, dealing with such matters as the im­ provement of postal communications and the control of contagious diseases. With the establishment of the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization at the end of the First World War, organized international cooperation assumed greater importance and the need was recognized of giving to the instruments of such cooper­ ation legal status and rights which would facilitate the effective performance of their functions. This proved to be a difficult adjustment for legal theory to make since the enjoyment of special privileges and immunities had been based in traditional international law on the fiction of state sovereignty. The new international organizations, while performing functions of the kind performed by national govern­ ments, were far from possessing the powers of such governments. The failure of the League of Nations to achieve its major purpose did not signify any permanent decline in the role of organized inter­ national cooperation.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. Privileges and Immunities in International LawI Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0989-3
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  • 4
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    The Court of the European Communities: New Dimension in International Adjudication (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401194693
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (127p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I. Institutional Setting -- II. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: If the United States of Europe should become a reality in the future, it is highly probable that the Court of Justice of the European Communities, now sitting in Luxembourg, will be transformed into the supreme court of the new federation. Legal concepts and judicial traditions formed by the judges in Luxem­ bourg will then become a prominent part of the historical background of this new court. However, even now, during the process of economic intergration in Western Europe, the Court of the European Communities has been assuming an increasingly important role in the settlement of conflicts between economic and sometimes political interests. Moreover, through its more than hundred decisions, the Court has been developing a body of "European" case law which, in time, is likely to have favorable implications for the eventual political unification of Europe. This book is primarily intended as an introduction to the structure and functions of the Court of the European Communi­ ties. In this endeavor consideration has also been given to the forces and factors that might affect the judicial decisions of the Court and to the impact which such decisions might have upon economic enterprises and public policy in the Member states of the European Community, better known as the European Common Market.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. Institutional SettingII. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9469-3
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  • 5
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    Arab Contract of Employment : Conflict and Concord (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401763066
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 297 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6306-6
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  • 6
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    The International Law of Bays (1963)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401509671
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (426p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: One. Introduction -- One. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this book is to describe the problems posed in the formulation of international rules for bays at the present time, to investigate the history of the several interests that have influenced the development of such rules, to trace the efforts that have been made to codify the rules, and to suggest a further refinement of the rules. This book seeks to combine the fruits of the writer's experience as a navigator with those of his studies in international law, geography, history and economics. Although, after study and thought upon the subject, there is likely to arise an initial desire to write a work that is truly definitive, one must resign himself to something of lesser scope. That being so, there is, if anything, an increased demand upon the writer to exercise careful judgment in his research, and in his exposition of the subject. This writer can only hope that he has discharged this responsi­ bility to the degree that his efforts will have clarified some issues and that what he has set on paper may be of some assistance to others. This writer has attempted to be as objective as possible in his inter­ pretations, and he has made no attempt to defend the policy of any State. In so doing, he is weil aware of the fact that for broader policy reasons, some of the views expressed herein cannot be officiaily accept­ ed as bases for action.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One. IntroductionOne. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0967-1
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  • 7
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    The Ad Hoc Diplomat: A Study in Municipal and International Law (1963)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401508971
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (233p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Civil law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Nominating and Appointing Power -- Establishment of the Practice -- The Change in the President’s Authority -- Summary -- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent -- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents -- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents -- Summary -- III. The Question of Office -- Marshall’s Opinion -- Later Definitions of Office -- The Problem of Rank -- The Presidential Signature and the United States’ Seal -- The Contingent Fund -- Establishment of the Fund -- Summary -- IV. The President’s Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents -- Early Attempts at Restrictions -- Restrictions Successfully Passed -- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations -- The United Nations “Battle” -- Special Agents and the Question of Rank -- Summary -- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law -- Agréation -- La Lettre de Créance -- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities -- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity -- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity -- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity -- The Basis for the Decision -- The Meaning of Function -- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats -- Responsibility for the Acts of a State’s Agents -- Functions of a Diplomat -- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador -- Summary -- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law -- International Conferences -- International Organizations -- International Commissions -- Summary -- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law -- Special Secret Agents -- Special Public Agents -- The Establishment of Special Missions -- Privileges and Immunities -- Freedom of Movement and Communication -- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents -- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent -- Functions of the Special Agent -- Summary -- VIII. Conclusions -- Municipal Law Aspect -- International Law Aspect -- Appendix A -- Representative List of Special Agents -- Appendix B -- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations -- Appendix C -- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations -- Appendix D -- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins -- Edward M. House -- House’s Background -- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Five Missions Abroad -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House -- Summary -- Harry L. Hopkins -- Hopkins’ Background -- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship -- Five Missions Abroad -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins -- Summary.
    Kurzfassung: The special diplomatic agent has played in the history of American foreign policy an important and, it is safe to say, unique role. The names of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins come, of course, right away to mind. But there have been others: John Quincy Adams, Ber­ nard M. Baruch, Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin, James Monroe, John Randolph, Daniel Webster, Wendell Wilkie, for instance. At the beginning of American history, the use of the special agent was primarily due to the scarcity of available talent. Later it was due to the low quality of many diplomatic representatives, chosen for political reasons and without regard for their diplomatic qualifications. More recently, the President has availed himself of the special agent in order to make sure that his will prevails in the conduct of American foreign policy. The institution of the special agent is indeed inseparable from the preeminent, contested and uncertain role the President plays in the determination of American foreign policy. Since the Constitution is silent on that point, the ultimate determi­ nation of American foreign policy has been throughout American history a subject ot controversy between the President and Congress.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. The Nominating and Appointing PowerEstablishment of the Practice -- The Change in the President’s Authority -- Summary -- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent -- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents -- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents -- Summary -- III. The Question of Office -- Marshall’s Opinion -- Later Definitions of Office -- The Problem of Rank -- The Presidential Signature and the United States’ Seal -- The Contingent Fund -- Establishment of the Fund -- Summary -- IV. The President’s Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents -- Early Attempts at Restrictions -- Restrictions Successfully Passed -- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations -- The United Nations “Battle” -- Special Agents and the Question of Rank -- Summary -- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law -- Agréation -- La Lettre de Créance -- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities -- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity -- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity -- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity -- The Basis for the Decision -- The Meaning of Function -- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats -- Responsibility for the Acts of a State’s Agents -- Functions of a Diplomat -- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador -- Summary -- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law -- International Conferences -- International Organizations -- International Commissions -- Summary -- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law -- Special Secret Agents -- Special Public Agents -- The Establishment of Special Missions -- Privileges and Immunities -- Freedom of Movement and Communication -- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents -- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent -- Functions of the Special Agent -- Summary -- VIII. Conclusions -- Municipal Law Aspect -- International Law Aspect -- Appendix A -- Representative List of Special Agents -- Appendix B -- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations -- Appendix C -- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations -- Appendix D -- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins -- Edward M. House -- House’s Background -- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Five Missions Abroad -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House -- Summary -- Harry L. Hopkins -- Hopkins’ Background -- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship -- Five Missions Abroad -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins -- Summary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0897-1
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  • 8
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    International Responsibility for Hostile Acts of Private Persons against Foreign States (1962)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401507226
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (207p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Individual and World Order -- The World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: Mankind's preoccupation with survival in this age has given renewed impetus to the idea of a world community deeply concerned with the prevention of friction between nations. The achievement to date has been largely in terms of efforts to control acts of aggression committed by governments. Most people have assumed that the military rivalry between the great powers is the only threat confronting the world today. While readily conceding that this threat has placed mankind in a highly precarious situation, this book, on the other hand, reflects my conviction that any program designed to attain world peace will be significantly incomplete without the control of hostile actions which private persons have been known to commit against foreign nations. Experience shows that these actions not only endanger the good re­ lations between states, but are also likely to plunge the world com­ munity into wars, thus spreading destruction and human suffering everywhere.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. The Individual and World OrderThe World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0722-6
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  • 9
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    Freedom of the Press in India : Constitutional Provisions and Their Application (1961)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401191036
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Mass media—Law and legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Architecture.
    Kurzfassung: (i) Freedom of the Press -- (ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
    Kurzfassung: This study is intended to present to the reader the main provisions of law affecting freedom of the press in India. It is specially concerned with examining how far freedom of the press obtains in free India. I t is proposed to discuss constitutional provisions and their application through various legislative measures with a view to seeing whether these provisions are sufficiently protective of this freedom. The intro­ ductory chapter attempts to indicate what is meant by freedom of the press. In the first chapter constitutional provisions are set out and discussed. The next five chapters deal, in the main, with statutory provisions relating to this freedom. The concluding chapter purports to make certain suggestions in relation to repeal or amendment of a few of these provisions. It may be mentioned that this study deals only with freedom of the press in normal times. The subject of civil liberties in India during a period of emergency has been dealt with in the present writer's doctoral thesis, Emergency Powers in the $tates of Southern Asia (London Uni­ versity, 1959) In the preparation of this study, I have benefited from the guidance and encouragement given by several persons and the assistance and facilities provided by various institutions. I wish to express my thanks to all of them.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: (i) Freedom of the Press(ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9103-6
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  • 10
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    Some Newly Established Asian States and the Development of International Law (1961)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401508636
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (249p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Economic policy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Problem -- World Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. The ProblemWorld Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0863-6
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  • 11
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    Financing International Organization: The United Nations Budget Process (1961)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401190824
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (185p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I / Laying the Groundwork -- United States Preparation -- Dumbarton Oaks -- San Francisco -- The Executive Committee -- The Preparatory Commission and Advisory Group -- Completing the Transition -- II / Authorization of Programs: The Policy Organs -- The Fiscal Year -- Authorizations and their Regulation -- III / Formulation of Estimates: The Secretariat -- Organization for Fiscal Management -- The Form of Budget Presentation -- The Formulation Process -- IV / Examination of Estimates: The Advisory Committee -- Creation of the Committee -- Problems in the Committee’s Development -- The Advisory Committee and the Budget Process -- V / Approval and Appropriation: The Fifth Committee -- The Competence of the Fifth Committee -- General Budgetary Debate -- First Reading in the Fifth Committee -- Supplementary Estimates -- Second Reading and Committee Approval -- The General Assembly and Appropriations -- VI / Balancing the Budget: Revenues -- Apportionment of Expenditures -- Currency of Contributions -- Collections and Arrears -- Other Sources of Income -- VII / Budget Execution -- The Working Capital Fund -- The Powers of the Secretary-General -- Allotments -- Obligations and Payment: The Pre-Audit -- Internal Post-Audit -- Board of Auditors: The External Audit -- Composition and Scope of the Board -- Audit Procedure -- VIII / Financing the International Organization: Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: This is one those rare prefaces in which the author need not attempt to justify, or apologize for, the addition of another book to an already over­ burdened field. There is certainly no plethora of serious studies on inter­ national organization in general, and almost none dealing with the administrative aspects of such organization. More precisely, the author is not aware of a single comprehensive treatment of the finances of any international political organization, past or present. Over the years, many former Secretariat members of the League, the United Nations, and their affiliated agencies have come forth with either memoirs or general commentaries on their organizations. And frequently these works have included revealing, but brief, passages dealing with budg­ etary questions, yet none has dealt with these questions in any detailed or thorough fashion. It is unfortunate that this is so. Not that the fate of the world rides on the United Nations budget, or that matters of peace and war will be determined by the dollars and cents of the Secretary-General's estimates. Yet questions of real importance to many of the world's citizens are decided in the budgetary struggle. Until the policy decisions of the various organs are translated into budget items, there is no visiting mission to encourageTogoland's movement toward eventual self-govern­ ment, no cease-fire observer in the Middle East, no rehabilitation com­ mission in South Korea, and no public administration advisor in San­ tiago.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9082-4
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  • 12
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    Personal Responsibility and the Law of Nations (1961)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401760546
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 87 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6054-6
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  • 13
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    An Outline of the Recent History of Indonesian Criminal Law (1961)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401749671
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 75 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Criminal Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4967-1
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  • 14
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    The International Status of the Suez Canal (1960)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401509732
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (138p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I. Historical Background -- Section I: The Construction of the Canal. -- Section II: The First Years of the Canal -- Section III: The Canal under British Occupation -- Section IV: The Canal under Egyptian Control -- II. International Canals -- Section I: Definition -- Section II: The Establishment of the International Regime -- Section III: Legal Nature -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- III. The Suez Canal from 1854 to 1888: The International Canal -- Section I: The Intention of the Sovereign -- Section II: The Regime of Internationality -- Section III: The Other Regimes -- IV. The Suez Canal from 1888 to 1956: The Neutralized Canal -- Section I: The New Regime -- Section II: Legal Effects of the Convention -- Section III: The Convention in the Practice of States -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- V. The Suez Canal since 1956: The Nationalized Canal -- Section I: Legal Character of the Canal Company -- Section II: Effects of Nationalization on the Legal Regime of the Canal -- Section III: Legal Guarantees Concerning the International Regime -- Conclusion: The Future -- Appendix A: The Concession of 1856 -- Appendix B: The Constantinople Convention of 1888 -- Appendix C: Security Council’s Resolution of October 13, 1956 -- Appendix D: Egyptian Declaration of April 24, 1957.
    Kurzfassung: At the turn of the century, a definitive history of the Suez Canal by Charles-Roux, L'Isthme et le Canal de Suez, listed in its bibliogra­ phy 1499 items on this major interoceanic waterway. A conservative estimate would probably set at double, treble, or quadruple this number the notes and studies on the Suez Canal which have been published since 1901. A word of explanation about a further work on the Canal may therefore be called for. Throughout its history the Suez Canal has been the focus of con­ troversy and conflict, arising out of attempts to control this crucial point on the sea passage linking Europe with the east coast of Africa, India, the Far East and Australasia. Much of this troubled history yields more readily to political than to legal analysis. The most important single legal question about the Canal concerns the dimen­ sions of the right of free passage. That question has become of grave concern to the entire world community only with the war between the Arab States and Israel and the short-lived conflict of 1956-57 between France, Great Britain, and Israel on the one hand and Egypt on the other.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. Historical BackgroundSection I: The Construction of the Canal. -- Section II: The First Years of the Canal -- Section III: The Canal under British Occupation -- Section IV: The Canal under Egyptian Control -- II. International Canals -- Section I: Definition -- Section II: The Establishment of the International Regime -- Section III: Legal Nature -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- III. The Suez Canal from 1854 to 1888: The International Canal -- Section I: The Intention of the Sovereign -- Section II: The Regime of Internationality -- Section III: The Other Regimes -- IV. The Suez Canal from 1888 to 1956: The Neutralized Canal -- Section I: The New Regime -- Section II: Legal Effects of the Convention -- Section III: The Convention in the Practice of States -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- V. The Suez Canal since 1956: The Nationalized Canal -- Section I: Legal Character of the Canal Company -- Section II: Effects of Nationalization on the Legal Regime of the Canal -- Section III: Legal Guarantees Concerning the International Regime -- Conclusion: The Future -- Appendix A: The Concession of 1856 -- Appendix B: The Constantinople Convention of 1888 -- Appendix C: Security Council’s Resolution of October 13, 1956 -- Appendix D: Egyptian Declaration of April 24, 1957.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0973-2
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