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  • 101
    ISBN: 9789811920233
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 663 p. 46 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Messung ; Produktivität ; Einkommensverteilung ; Preisindex ; Indexberechnung ; Theorie ; Microeconomics. ; Econometrics. ; Social structure. ; Equality. ; Purchasing Power Parities ; International Comparison ; Index Numbers ; Productivity measurement ; Income Distributions ; Income inequality ; Economic insecurity ; Poverty ; Festschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Part I Productivity Measurement -- 1. Productivity Measurement – Past, Present and Future -- 2. Symmetric Decompositions of Aggregate Output and Labour Productivity Growth: On Levels, (Non-) Additivity, and Misallocation -- 3. Efficiency Analysis with Stochastic Frontier Models using Popular Statistical Softwares -- 4. Efficiency and Productivity Analysis from a System Perspective: Historical Overview -- Part II Income Distributions and Inequality and Insecurity -- 5. Modelling Income Distributions with Limited Data -- 6. Empirical Methods for Modelling Economic Insecurity -- 7. Measuring Inequality in Health -- 8. Inequality of Opportunity:Theoretical Considerations and Recent Empirical Evidence -- Part III Index Numbers and International Comparisons of Prices and Real Expenditures -- 9. Framing Measurement Beyond GDP -- 10. Hedonic Models and House Price Index Numbers -- 11. Scanner Data, Elementary Price Indexes and the Chain Drift Problem -- 12. The Stochastic Approach to International Price Comparisons -- 13. Inconsistencies in Cross-country Price Comparisons Over Time: Patterns and Facts.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to honour D.S. Prasada Rao and his many outstanding contributions to economic measurement, including index number methods for international comparisons of prices, real incomes, output, and productivity; stochastic approaches to index numbers; purchasing power parities for the measurement of regional and global inequality and poverty; and measurement of income and economic insecurity. This book brings together contributions by well-known and influential researchers in the field of economic measurement with special focus on topics in productivity measurement (Part I); income and health inequality, inequality of opportunity, and measurement of insecurity (Part II); index number theory and applications to consumer price index numbers, international comparisons of prices and real expenditures, and housing price index numbers (Part III). The chapters are authored by eminent researchers including Conchita D’Ambrosio, Bert Balk, Erwin Diewert, Robert Hill, Robert Inklaar, Knox Lovell, Robin Sickles, Jacques Silber and Marcel Timmer. The contributed papers offer in-depth reviews of the state of the art in these areas with a focus on the existing methods and applications, making the volume an invaluable source for both experienced researchers and new researchers, including PhD and other postgraduate students. Duangkamon Chotikapanich is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics at Monash University, Australia. Her research interests are in the measurement of income inequality and poverty, and the application of Bayesian econometrics, and have led to publications in journals such as Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, the Review of Income and Wealth, Economics Letters, Economic Record, and Economic Modelling. She is editor of the 2008 Springer book Modelling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves. The majority of her publications are in the income distribution area, where she has made contributions towards Lorenz curve specification and estimation, the measurement of global inequality, and Bayesian inference for inequality indices. Alicia N. Rambaldi is a Professor of Economics at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research expertise is in the area of spatial time series models with applications to modelling housing prices, international comparisons and sectoral productivity. She has published in outlets that include the Journal of Econometrics, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Urban Studies, Review of Income and Wealth and Journal of Productivity Analysis. She has been on the editorial board of the Review of Income and Wealth since 2015 Nicholas Rohde is an Associate Professor in Economics at Griffith University, Australia. His research interests include: income distributions and inequality; inequality of opportunity; economic insecurity; health economics and applied econometrics. He has published work in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Health Economics, and Social Science and Medicine. He is currently on the Editorial Board of the Review of Income and Wealth.
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  • 102
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783030960360
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Welt ; Economic development. ; Development economics. ; International economic relations. ; Social policy. ; Macroeconomics. ; Imports and exports ; Trade policy ; Commodity Trade Agreements ; Debt Relief ; The Washington Consensus ; World Trade System ; Central Planning ; Russia ; Eastern Europe and the Balkans ; Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) ; the Monterrey Conference ; The Doha Round ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Millennium Development Goals ; Development Economics ; Poverty ; Aid and Development ; Globalization ; World Bank ; World Trade Organization (WTO) ; Bilateral aid agencies ; Global poverty
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Growth Constraints, Aid Targets and Basic Needs -- Chapter 3: Export Pessimism and the Neoclassical Revival -- Chapter 4: Debt and Adjustment: Muddling Through -- Chapter 5: The Collapse of Planning and the Troubled Transition -- Chapter 6: The Birth of the WTO -- Chapter 7: The Many Faces of Globalization -- Chapter 8: Millennium Aid, Trade and Development -- Chapter 9: The Financial Crisis and Its Aftermath -- Chapter 10. The SDGs -- Chapter 11. The Challenges Facing the Eurozone -- 12. The WTO Endangered -- Chapter 13. The Pandemic and Its Implications -- Chapter 14. The Future: The Challenge of Reviving Multilateralism. .
    Abstract: "This is a very well written book. The new edition adds useful perspective on the implications of the new challenges facing developing countries as a result of the pandemic and increased unilateralism and protectionism in the North. " --K.Y. Amoako, President of the African Center for Economic Transformation, Ghana "In this new edition, Michalopoulos adds valuable new insights on critical current issues, making his panoramic overview of the global economy even more incisive." --Danny Leipziger, Professor of International Business & International Affairs, George Washington University, United States "The volume offers a vision of the policies required to reverse the troublesome changes of the last few years, while at the same time recognizing the imperative of greater inclusiveness of groups and countries left behind by the earlier globalization waves. " --Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, former Senior Adviser at the Asian Development Bank, Philippines "Michalopoulos’ new book tells the story of past progress and failures to support sustainable development over the last half century. If we are to do better, we must build on the lessons of the past and this volume will help enormously." --Clare Short, former Secretary of State for International Development, United Kingdom This volume presents a broad sweep of modern economic history underpinning aid, trade, development and globalization in the last half century and the salient challenges facing the global community today. The author draws on his long years as an academic and development practitioner to recommend what needs to be done to cope with the backsliding of the fight against global poverty, fractured geopolitics and the threats to the multilateral economic order. The new, revised edition analyses how unilateralism, rising protectionism and the Covid-19 pandemic seriously threaten global sustainable development. It concludes with recommendations on the policy changes needed to make globalization more equitable and development more sustainable. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of economic development and economic history, as well as all those concerned about global inequality and sustainability. Constantine Michalopoulos has worked on and written about economic development for more than half a century. He held senior positions at the World Bank, taught at several US universities, and served as Chief Economist of USAID and as advisor to governments and international organizations including the IMF, WTO, UNCTAD, GTZ and the UK DFID.
    Note: Titel der ersten Auflage von 2017: Aid, trade and development: 50 years of globalization
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030930608
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 155 p. 65 illus., 63 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Development economics. ; International trade. ; International economic integration. ; Globalization. ; Gains from Trade ; Tariffs ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Agriculture ; Low income countries ; Cost of Living ; Income gains ; Globalization ; Welfare ; Trade integration
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: An Agricultural Household Model with Tariffs -- Chapter 3: Data and Estimation -- Chapter 4: Income Gains and Inequality Costs -- Chapter 5: The Trade-Off -- Chapter 6: Alternative Models -- Chapter 7: HIT: Household Impacts of Trade -- Chapter 8: Conclusions -- Bibliography.
    Abstract: This volume examines the relationship between trade liberalization policies and income inequality in developing countries. Using survey data for 54 developing countries, the book explores the potential trade-off between the gains from trade and the distribution of those gains and provides a quantification of the inequality-adjusted welfare gains from trade. The book begins with an introduction to the model and its methodology. Chapter 2 sets up the model and derives the formulas for the welfare effects of trade policy. Chapter 3 uses the tariff data and the survey data to estimate those welfare effects in 54 countries. Chapter 4 discusses the gains from trade and their distribution. Chapter 5 evaluates and quantifies the trade-off between income gains and inequality costs of trade. Chapter 6 presents robustness tests and results from alternative models of the impacts of trade. The last chapter reviews the Household Impacts of Trade database and dashboard, which provides data for replication and a platform that allows researchers to simulate agricultural tariff policy shocks. Providing a comprehensive empirical analysis of the effects of trade policy on inequality in developing countries, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of economic inequality, development, and international trade as well as policymakers interested in the inequality and poverty consequences of trade policy.
    URL: Cover
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811696558
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 285 p. 33 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Ländliche Armut ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armutsbekämpfung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Ländlicher Raum ; China ; Economic development. ; Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Inequality ; Multidimensional Poverty ; Targeted Poverty Alleviation ; Pro-poor ; Common Prosperity ; Rural China ; China ; Ländlicher Raum ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1 Poverty Alleviation Process in Rural China -- Chapter 2 Literature Review -- Chapter 3 Absolute and Relative Changes in Rural Poverty -- Chapter 4 Pro-poor Growth for Rural China -- Chapter 5 The Decomposition of Income Growth and Income Inequality on Rural Poverty -- Chapter 6 Types of Economic Activities and Rural Residents’ Poverty Dynamic Changes -- Chapter 7 Human Capital and Rural Residents’ Poverty Dynamic Changes -- Chapter 8 Dynamic Rural Poverty Changes by Regions: Current Status and Prospects -- Chapter 9 The Impacts of Unbalanced Development on Rural Multidimensional Poverty -- Chapter 10 Relieving Relative Poverty in Rural China -- Appendix.
    Abstract: This book aims to empirically and theoretically study how the economic growth and inequality affected China’s rural poverty since China’s reform and opening-up. Apart from the trickle-down effect, some empirical researches show that rising inequality usually links with unfairly shared of the economic growth, which is not good for the poor, and this book particularly concerns with the impact of inequality on poverty reduction. In 11 chapters, it leads readers to review the dynamic changes of rural poverty in China, and estimates rural poverty by various methods, for instance, with analysis by monetary poverty (including income and expenditure poverty), multidimensional poverty, absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Especially attention is paid to apply the “growth-inequality-poverty triangle” model for long-term poverty dynamic changes evaluation. The book revisits poverty reduction strategies in different development periods for rural China and evaluates the poverty eradication achievements stage-by-stage under different analytical methods, in order to provide an objective assessment. Among the chapters, pro-poor growth, Shapley decomposition, poverty elasticity, density estimation, multidimensional poverty analysis, and policy simulation methods are applied for both national wide discussion and rural sub-group heterogeneity analysis. In addition to students, teachers, and researchers in the areas of development, economic growth, equity, and welfare, the book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners, and non‐government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related issues in the developing countries.
    URL: Cover
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  • 105
    ISBN: 9781991201775 , 199120177X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p)
    Series Statement: Beyers Naudé Centre Series on Public Theology Ser v.14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Du, Nadine Bowers Faith, Race and Inequality Amongst Young Adults in South Africa
    DDC: 306.0968
    Keywords: Equality ; Poverty ; Equality ; Poverty ; Social conditions ; South Africa Social conditions ; South Africa
    Abstract: Front Cover -- Dedication -- Acknowledgements -- CONTENTS -- Series Foreword -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Introduction -- Contested and contesting notions within this book -- Looking back / moving forward: intergenerational reflections -- At unequal intersections: race, place, gender -- Dare we hope? Agency and means to engage -- Conclusion -- Reference List -- PART I: Looking Back / Moving Forward: Intergenerational Reflections -- 1. Overcoming walls: A Southern African theological reflection on youth ministry in Stellenbosch, 1980-2000 -- Introduction -- Walls -- Maintaining walls
    Abstract: Getting down, off the wall -- Building bridges instead of walls -- A closing reflection -- Reference List -- 2. Intergenerational ""white work"" within the Dutch Reformed Church: Setting conflict, unsettling continuity -- Introduction -- Emerging "white work" in the DRC -- Unsettling continuities -- Settling conflict -- Shared "re-formation" of intergenerational perpetuation -- Reference List -- 3. Engaging 'die gif in vergifnis' [the poison in forgiveness]? Considering Peter Storey's four ecclesiological tasks for the coming generations -- Introduction: 'Do you have children? Well, so do I'
    Abstract: For God's sake, and for the sake of God's children: why our witness matters -- Die gif in vergifnis [a poisonous forgiveness] -- History never repeats itself, but it does often rhyme -- 'a place where we nail ourselves to God's passion -- and where God nails us to our neighbour' -- The four tasks for faithful ministry amid the teargas? -- Conclusion -- Reference List -- PART II: At Unequal Intersections: Race, Place, Gender -- 4. Transgender, transcended and 'born free': Theological and intersectional discourse about the body of Lee Mokobe -- Introduction
    Abstract: A methodology for the transgendered born-free body -- The body in prayer -- Hope -- Reference List -- 5. Inequality and racism: The ongoing struggle for the Churches and its impact on the youth in South Africa today -- Introduction -- The churches and the ongoing struggle of inequality and racism -- Inconceivable reality of inequality and racism: a case study of the DR family of churches -- Dealing with racism and inequality today -- Conclusion -- Reference List -- 6. Phambili? Inequality, #FeesMustFall and Black Theology -- Introduction -- Inequality, global and local discourses
    Abstract: #FeesMustFall, history and ideological orientation -- Black Theology, present potential -- Conclusion -- Reference List -- 7. Youth and the contestation of inquality with #RhodesMustFall: Challenging the status quo and an emergence of a theology of spatial justice from below -- Introduction -- Emerging theories of space and spatial justice -- Emerging formation of a theology of spatial justice within South Africa -- #RhodesMustFall as a case study for spatial justice -- Youth action and a theology of spatial justice -- Conclusion -- Reference List
    Abstract: At this historic moment of global revolutions for social justice inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, the philosophy of Black Consciousness has reemerged and gripped the imagination of a new generation, and of the merciless exposure by COVD-19 of the devastating, long-existent fault lines in our societies
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , 8. Holy ground? Reflections on race, place and research in practical theology in the Stellenbosch young adults and inequality project
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  • 106
    ISBN: 9781108935364 , 9781108832205 , 9781108940665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xiv, 568 pages) , digital, PDF file(s).
    Edition: Second edition.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.5/120973
    Keywords: Social stratification ; Poverty ; Wealth ; Social classes ; Equality
    Abstract: Inequality: A Contemporary Approach to Race, Class, and Gender offers a comprehensive introduction to the topics animating current sociological research focused on inequality. Contemporary, engaging, and research-oriented, it is the ideal text to help undergraduate students master the basic concepts in inequality research and gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which race, class, and gender interact with systems of social stratification. Following an introduction to theories and research methods used in the field, the authors apply these concepts to areas that define inequality research, including social mobility, education, gender, race, and culture. The authors include up-to-date quantitative evidence throughout. The text concludes by examining policies that have facilitated inequality and reviewing the social movements that in turn seek to reshape those structures. Though primarily focused on the United States, it includes a chapter on stratification across the globe and draws on cross-national comparisons throughout.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Jan 2022)
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031151491
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 371 p. 49 illus., 36 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics 53
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Econometrics. ; Machine learning. ; Macroeconomics. ; Machine Learning and causality ; Linear models ; Non-linear models ; Econometric forecasting and prediction ; Policy evaluation ; Network data ; Poverty ; Inequality ; Machine learning in Finance ; Empirical applications ; Testing statistical hypotheses ; Big data ; Econometric techniques ; Modelling macroeconomic relations ; Discrete Choice models ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ökonometrie ; Maschinelles Lernen
    Abstract: Linear Econometric Models with Machine Learning -- Nonlinear Econometric Models with Machine Learning -- The Use of Machine Learning in Treatment Effect Estimation.-Forecasting with Machine Learning Methods.-Causal Estimation of Treatment Effects From Observational Health Care Data Using Machine Learning Methods -- Econometrics of Networks with Machine Learning -- Fairness in Machine Learning and Econometrics -- Graphical Models and their Interactions with Machine Learning in the Context of Economics and Finance -- Poverty, Inequality and Development Studies with Machine Learning -- Machine Learning for Asset Pricing.
    Abstract: This book helps and promotes the use of machine learning tools and techniques in econometrics and explains how machine learning can enhance and expand the econometrics toolbox in theory and in practice. Throughout the volume, the authors raise and answer six questions: 1) What are the similarities between existing econometric and machine learning techniques? 2) To what extent can machine learning techniques assist econometric investigation? Specifically, how robust or stable is the prediction from machine learning algorithms given the ever-changing nature of human behavior? 3) Can machine learning techniques assist in testing statistical hypotheses and identifying causal relationships in ‘big data? 4) How can existing econometric techniques be extended by incorporating machine learning concepts? 5) How can new econometric tools and approaches be elaborated on based on machine learning techniques? 6) Is it possible to develop machine learning techniques further and make them even more readily applicable in econometrics? As the data structures in economic and financial data become more complex and models become more sophisticated, the book takes a multidisciplinary approach in developing both disciplines of machine learning and econometrics in conjunction, rather than in isolation. This volume is a must-read for scholars, researchers, students, policy-makers, and practitioners, who are using econometrics in theory or in practice. .
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  • 108
    ISBN: 9789811901850
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 457 p. 48 illus., 45 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: India Studies in Business and Economics
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Development economics. ; Economic development. ; Social policy. ; Microeconomics. ; Finance, Public. ; Inclusive Development ; Growth ; Public Policy ; Fiscal and Monetary Reforms ; Institutions ; Governance ; Macroeconomic Policy ; Poverty ; Unemployment ; Agriculture ; Econometric Modelling ; Urbanisation ; Water Resources ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Festschrift
    Abstract: Inter-State Inequalities - Scope and Limits of Public Policy -- Macroeconomic Foundation of Functioning of the IMF: An Evolutionary Journey -- Indian Official Statistical System -- A Note on Unemployment and its Measurement in India -- Addressing Visible Inequalities: The Minimum Policy Agenda -- Accelerating Farm Income Growth: Opportunities and Challenges.
    Abstract: This book presents perspectives by eminent economists, social scientists and policy makers, exploring in depth the post-reform developments in India, including issues pertaining to growth and equity, issues which have been at the core of life-time work of Prof. R. Radhakrishna. The book brings out how some public policy instruments created to promote growth have turned out to be regressive, promoting inequalities and creating a highly asymmetric federalism in India. It examines the efficacy of fiscal and monetary reforms and also emphasises the need for strengthening the institutions of governance, particularly judiciary and police, in order to boost investors’ confidence. It presents exercises in econometric modelling for explaining factors in growth and vetting policies, and explores the issue of governance and institutions. The book provides insights into the working of an emerging economy and a large democracy which has to strive for public acceptability of the tensions of its negotiations between equity and growth. With its depth of academic excellence and breadth of topics covered, it is a ‘must read’ for researchers, policy makers, industry watchers, think tanks, and NGOs.
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811913167
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 164 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Finance. ; Microeconomics. ; Economic history. ; Asia—Economic conditions. ; Asia—History. ; Financial Inclusion ; India ; Financial Access ; Slum Dwellers ; Beggars and Exclusion ; Poverty ; Microeconomics ; Microfinance in India ; Microfinance ; Microlending ; Multivariate Analysis of Variance ; MANOVA ; Socio Economic Status ; Lucknow ; Kolkata ; Binary Logistic Regression Model
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Financial Theories and Their Relevance in Financial Inclusion -- Chapter 3: Impact of Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes on Status of Financial inclusion in India: Secondary Data Analysis -- Chapter 4 Socio-Economic Conditions and Pattern of Access and Non-Access in Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes of the Poorest of Poor -- Chapter 5: Financial Inclusion Schemes and Changing Socio Economic Status of Poorest of The Poor -- Chapter 6: Impact of Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes on Economic and Financial Behaviour of Poorest of the Poor -- Chapter 7 Conclusions, Findings and Recommendation -- Bibliography -- Appendixes.
    Abstract: The exclusion of the destitute population from the formal financial system is a long-standing problem in India. This book examines the performance of financial inclusion policies in India to understand their impact on two urban vulnerable groups, Slum Dwellers and Beggars. This study includes analysis at the national level, the variables of the financial inclusion index like Penetration, Availability, and Usage from 2006 to 2020 from the world bank data set. Similarly, the authors examine five policies on financial inclusion by conducting a primary level survey on two urban capital cities of Lucknow and Kolkata, using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. The authors uses two sampling techniques: simple random in the case of beggars, and stratified random in the case of slum dwellers. This book highlights the difference between financial access and non-access of household respondents in capturing the impacts of financial inclusion schemes on their socio-economic condition and financial behavior. The findings indicate that access to these schemes is extremely limited for the underprivileged population, such as beggars and slum dwellers. The analysis has shown that claims made by the government are not based on real-life occurrences. This book demonstrates that these programs have a negligible effect on life-deprived people. This book will be of interest to academia, policymakers, and society at large.
    URL: Cover
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  • 110
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781108703321
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 290 Seiten
    Edition: First paperback edition 2021
    DDC: 320.01/1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poor Political activity ; Social movements ; Social justice ; Weltordnung ; Universalitätsprinzip ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Armut ; Vermögensumverteilung ; Einkommensumverteilung ; Menschenrecht ; Widerstand ; Nichtstaatliche internationale Organisation ; Transnationale Politik ; Politische Theorie ; Armut ; Ungerechtigkeit ; Widerstand ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Each year, millions of people die from poverty-related causes. In this groundbreaking and thought-provoking book, Gwilym David Blunt argues that the only people who will end this injustice are its victims, and that the global poor have the right to resist the causes of poverty. He explores how the right of resistance is used to reframe urgent political questions: is illegal immigration a form of resistance? Can transnational social movements, such as the indigenous rights movement, provide the foundations for civil resistance to global poverty? If peaceful resistance fails, is armed struggle justified? Do people living in affluent states have a responsibility to help even if it requires them to break the law? Giving clear historical examples and engaging with fields including philosophy, international law, history, and international political studies, this volume addresses real-world issues from terrorism to activism. It will be important for anyone interested in applied philosophy and global injustice.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 257-282. - Index
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  • 111
    ISBN: 9780367672676 , 9780367672683
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Doob, Christopher B Poverty, racism, & sexism
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Equality ; Racism ; Sexism ; Poverty ; United States Race relations ; USA ; Armut ; Rassismus ; Sexismus
    Abstract: "Exploring the structural causes and consequences of inequalities based on a person's race, class, and gender, Poverty, Racism & Sexism: The Reality of Oppression in America concentrates on this formidable set of disadvantages, demonstrating how Americans are adversely affected by just one or a combination of three social factors. Grounded in sociological thought, the text highlights unfolding stories about major social inequalities and relentless campaigns for people's rights. Weaving together such concepts as individualism, social reproduction, social class, and intersectionality, the book provides a framework for readers to understand the vast injustices these groups encounter, where and why they originated, and why they continue to endure. Poverty, Racism & Sexism is a compact, versatile volume which will prove an invaluable resource for those studying social inequality, social problems, social stratification, contemporary American society, social change, urban sociology, and poverty and inequality"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 112
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781108703321
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 290 Seiten
    Edition: First paperback edition
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Armut ; Widerstand ; Ungerechtigkeit ; Poverty ; Poor / Political activity ; Social movements ; Social justice ; Armut ; Ungerechtigkeit ; Widerstand ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Each year, millions of people die from poverty-related causes. In this groundbreaking and thought-provoking book, Gwilym David Blunt argues that the only people who will end this injustice are its victims, and that the global poor have the right to resist the causes of poverty. He explores how the right of resistance is used to reframe urgent political questions: is illegal immigration a form of resistance? Can transnational social movements, such as the indigenous rights movement, provide the foundations for civil resistance to global poverty? If peaceful resistance fails, is armed struggle justified? Do people living in affluent states have a responsibility to help even if it requires them to break the law? Giving clear historical examples and engaging with fields including philosophy, international law, history, and international political studies, this volume addresses real-world issues from terrorism to activism. It will be important for anyone interested in applied philosophy and global injustice.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 257-282. - Index
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  • 113
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Governance ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International Governmental Organizations ; National Governance ; Partnerships ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management and Reform
    Abstract: Iraq is at a crossroads. The Iraqi government struggles to navigate internal as well as regional security challenges. Despite the current uncertain circumstances, the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) provides a suitable country engagement instrument to support Iraq's progress and builds off of longstanding World Bank Group (WBG) engagement and partnership with Iraq, including in the period since the last CPF and Performance Learning Review (PLR). This CPF is organized under two pillars and supported by foundational elements - (i) improved governance, public service delivery, and private sector participation, and (ii) strengthened human capital
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  • 114
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Business Environment ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Economic Growth ; Economic Recovery ; Environment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience ; Tourism and Ecotourism
    Abstract: The pandemic severely disrupted economic activity in Tanzania, and the World Bank's latest firm-level data suggest that the situation had only modestly improved by the end of 2020. New data sources show that COVID-19 continues to weigh heavily on employment and income. Data for the first quarter of 2021 suggest that recovery remains fragile and uneven across sectors, but economic activity could accelerate in the second half of 2021. The tourism-dependent economy of Zanzibar has been particularly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Tanzania's macroeconomic framework remains sound, with low inflation and moderate external and fiscal vulnerabilities
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  • 115
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Access of Poor to Social Services ; Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Finance
    Abstract: The twin shocks of the pa ...
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  • 116
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Employment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: After the economic slowdown in 2020, Tajikistan's GDP grew at an annual rate of 8.7 percent in the first half of 2021. According to the Listening-to-Tajikistan (L2T) survey, the social and economic wellbeing of the population severely deteriorated following the outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus), and the country remained far from full recovery at the end of 2020. The strong economic rebound was mainly supported by a continued sharp increase in the export of precious metals, and a pickup in private investment and consumption. The cautious and incremental resumption of air traffic with regional countries allowed migrants to resume traveling abroad and restore the inflow of remittances. Domestic economic activity strengthened as the government gradually relaxed lockdown measures. In the beginning of 2021, Tajikistan adopted a National Deployment and Vaccination Plan (NDVP) and launched it on March 23, 2021, after receiving the first 192,000 doses of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine from COVAX
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  • 117
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Poverty ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Youth
    Abstract: World Bank Group President David Malpass spoke about the world suffering from a dramatically uneven recovery, and inequality worsening across country groups. The highest priority is to secure access to vaccines and speed up shots in arms. He explained that the World Bank Group is working as hard as it can 24/7 to expand the number of doses as soon as it can get, and delivery schedules from the advanced economies and from the manufacturers. Regarding the IDA20 replenishment in December, African heads of state have already called for donors to be ambitious in their support for IDA's mission. He spoke about 1) making public spending more efficient in a country like Mexico; 2) climate finance provided to the developing countries should be doubled in the next few years; 3) opportunities presented by climate change and to support climate private sector investment in Africa; 4) the role of young people in global climate action; 5) boosting health systems and making them more resilient to shocks like COVID-19 in MENA region; 6) the pandemic impact on India's poor; 7) measures to save companies in difficulty during COVID-19; 8) lessons that developing countries draw from this health crisis, particularly on the social level; and 9) support to low-income countries efforts against pandemic
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  • 118
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Environment ; Human Capital ; Inequality ; Job Creation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Resources Management ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Debt ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: In the last five years, since the last Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) was written in 2016, Mozambique experienced several severe shocks affecting economic growth, poverty reduction, and stability. These events have changed the context for policy making in Mozambique, calling for a greater focus on governance and accountability, productivity, social safety nets, and a stronger social contract. Despite these new challenges, most of the development trials that were already relevant when the last SCD was written in 2016, remain relevant today
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  • 119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Living Standards ; Poverty ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Nepal made significant progress on poverty and shared prosperity over the period 1996-2010, despite low domestic growth. With consistently high rates of vulnerability and exposure to a range of shocks, the risk of falling back into poverty has remained an enduring feature of the welfare narrative in Nepal. The past decade, from 2010 to 2020, has been characterized by a series of economic shocks that took place against a background of a prolonged political transition towards federalism in Nepal. These shocks were also correlated with declines in economic growth. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which started in March 2020, is the latest in the series of economic shocks over the last decade which has adversely affected Nepal's economy and labor market; and it is likely to have had adverse welfare effects. However, the lack of data on welfare dynamics during this period has made it difficult to track the impacts of these shocks on households, workers and firms. This light poverty assessment is organized as follows: Section 1 describes the data challenges, and highlights the evolution of measures of non-monetary welfare, pre-COVID; section 2 provides an overview of the impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nepal; and section 3 highlights the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural issues in making the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis more costly to welfare in the short run, and in potentially deepening inequalities in the longer run
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  • 120
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Labor Law ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policy ; Labor Regulation ; Labor Standards ; Minimum Wage ; Poverty ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Across the world, governments use minimum wages, employment protection legislation, and other labor regulations that define the legal boundaries of employment to manage potential labor market imperfections. These imperfections include information asymmetry, uneven market power between employers and employees, discrimination by employers, and incomplete markets for unemployment insurance and insurance for other work-related risks. Labor regulations are also widely used to further other objectives, most notably the distribution of wealth among the population. Labor regulations can have a wide range of impacts on the employment and earnings of workers and the productivity and profits of firms. While these regulations have become common currency in most countries, many economists believe that over-regulation of labor markets can have detrimental consequences. In fact, until relatively recently, most economists were skeptical that labor regulations could have any positive impacts on either workers or firms. In recent years, a more nuanced view has emerged that argues that both over-regulation and under-regulation can constrain job creation and have other negative impacts, including exacerbating inequalities in the labor market. The proponents of this view assert that over-regulation can reduce labor market flexibility, while under-regulation can leave workers unprotected by not correcting for labor market imperfections. In practice, striking the right balance between workers' protection and market flexibility is not easy. From a political economy point of view, different groups with special interests lobby vigorously either for further protection or further flexibility. As a result, minimum wages and employment protection legislation are often highly politicized issues. However, even from a technical point of view, it is not easy to draw unequivocal conclusions about the impact of labor regulations on employment levels, earnings, job turnover, productivity, and other outcomes because of the ambiguity of theoretical models and the scarcity of empirical evidence on the causal impacts of labor regulations. Empirical evidence is even scarcer for developing and emerging economies than for developed countries
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  • 121
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Food Security ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a relatively modest toll on human lives in the Republic of Congo according to official data but has exacerbated an already fragile Congolese economy. As of September 28, 2021, the Republic of Congo has had 14,244 confirmed cases and 193 deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 3.4 per 100,000 population against the global rate of about 60.5. The relative low number of COVID-19 tests performed thus far in the country and findings from seroprevalence studies suggest that the true number of infections may be far higher than the number of confirmed cases. The Congolese economy is estimated to have contracted by 7.9 percent in 2020 compared to a pre-pandemicforecast of a positive growth rate of 4.6 percent, the sixth consecutive year of recession. The Congolese Government took early measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Mobility across the country was restricted to essential goods and services
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  • 122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Informal Sector ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Insurance ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The informal economy in Africa is large and diverse, and it is the main source of employment in the region. It is projected to grow and create more jobs. The informal economy is well established in the region, but it also faces a host of development challenges. It is characterized by low human capital and productivity compared with the formal economy and is typically associated with limited access to resources such as electricity, finance, land, and public services. People who work in the informal economy are usually more susceptible to short-term shocks and the more catastrophic consequences of idiosyncratic shocks (acute short-term crises, such as illness) and covariate shocks (chronic or widespread shocks affecting entire communities). These vulnerabilities are exacerbated because these people ordinarily have limited avenues to formal financial institutions or risk mitigation instruments. Women are more likely to work in the informal economy in Africa and are therefore also more likely to experience precarious work environments. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerabilities of the vast informal economy, especially in urban areas. Social protection cash transfers provided an essential platform for delivering assistance in response to the COVID-19 shock in the Africa region. In addition to macroeconomic measures to support economic recovery, governments needed to limit the damage to livelihoods, especially in the informal economy. Many governments in the region added to their capacity to extend coverage with innovations in targeting and delivering payments by leveraging technology and using big data. In many cases, registration was carried out using mobile technology. Some governments opted to implement more direct registration processes by creating dedicated websites or relying on informal economy associations. These swift responses were success stories in their own right, but they were undertaken essentially as a response to an urgent requirement to provide much-needed support to groups that lacked social protection and to prevent them from slipping into poverty. Governments allocated significant resources, typically through external financing (US6.1 billion dollars in additional spending in 30 countries across Africa)
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  • 123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Access of Poor to Social Services ; Climate Change Impacts ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Environment ; Hazard Risk Management ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development
    Abstract: The Caribbean region is highly exposed to different types of shocks, some with devastating effects, ranging from climate change and disasters to external economic stresses and epidemics like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Most Caribbean economies are small and open, and reliant on tourism and foreign investments, combined with high levels of poverty, which makes countries in the region vulnerable to such shocks. Shocks disproportionally affect the poor because they are often not only more exposed to them (e.g. due to their geographical location), but they are also more vulnerable to their effects. The sources of resilience available to the poor are more limited, and therefore they are often less equipped to anticipate, absorb, and recover from shocks. The social protection (SP), health, and education sectors play key roles in helping people to build human capital for resilience. These sectors contribute to strengthening the capacities of households and individuals, and in particular the poor, to anticipate, absorb, and recover from shocks. In this regard, ensuring business continuity for these services during shock events is crucial, alongside developing the capacity to rapidly adapt and deploy adequate support to people affected by shocks. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) is concerned with how SP programs, services and systems can contribute to addressing covariate shocks through preventive, preparedness, and response actions: that is, adapting and using the capacity of the SP sector, typically developed for addressing idiosyncratic shocks, to enhance the resilience of households - and of the poor in particular
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  • 124
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted Chad's economic recovery, which started in 2018. GDP contracted by 0.9 percent in 2020. Agriculture and the oil sector remained the main drivers of growth, contributing 1.1 percentage points, while services contracted (contributing -2.0 percent). The impact of containment measures on domestic supply chains pushed up prices, and inflation rose from -1.0 percent in 2019 to 3.5 percent in 2020. Both the fiscal and current account balances deteriorated substantially, and difficulties in financing fiscal deficit may have led to further domestic arrears' buildup. Given the lack of fiscal space and large financing requirements, bold actions are needed. In this regard, the government could first strengthen economic diversification to enlarge the fiscal base, by removing bottlenecks to livestock exports, adopting business-friendly reform to support the private sector, and strengthening fiscal administration and policy for better revenue collection. Second, the government could improve its spending efficiency to deliver quality service under declining resources by enhancing the selection process, the planning and designing of investment projects, and improving public spending efficiency in health and education. Finally, the government should improve debt sustainability by strengthening its management and transparency
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  • 125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Business Environment ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Diversification ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Sustainability ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide an update to the Government of Cabo Verde, think-tanks and researchers, and the public on the state of the Cabo Verde economy and its outlook, together with the structural reforms required to strengthen the foundations for private sector-led recovery from the COVID-19 crises. The report begins with a chapter on recent economic developments, the medium-term outlook, and risks. It includes sections on growth, fiscal policy, public debt, the external sector, monetary developments, and inflation. The second chapter stresses the importance of improving the investment climate to leverage the role of the private sector for an inclusive economic recovery. It provides an overview of key challenges and actionable policy priorities around foreign direct investment, the business environment, and competition
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  • 126
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Climate Change ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Human Capital ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) of the World Bank Group (WBG) for the Republic of Djibouti covers the period from FY22 to FY26. It was prepared in a global and national context marked by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It will support the government's overarching Vision 2035 and the priorities of the new national strategy, Djibouti Institutions-Connectivity-Inclusion (ICI) for 2020-2024. The WBG program will remain flexible and adaptable to events in a region experiencing volatility, including in Ethiopia, Djibouti's largest trading partner, and Yemen, located across the Gulf of Aden. The CPF's overarching objective is to support Djibouti's goal of reducing poverty through broad-based and inclusive private sector-led growth. The CPF has two focus areas: (1) promoting inclusive private sector-led growth job creation and human capital; and (2) strengthening the role and capacity of the state. In preparing this CPF, the WBG held consultations with key stakeholders in Djibouti, including the government, parliament, private sector, and civil society. Stakeholders encouraged the WBG to play a leading role in supporting the structural reform agenda and helping the country mitigate the challenges posed by the protracted presence of refugees. They underlined the importance of enhancing service delivery and reducing the cost of services, particularly in the telecom/ICT and energy sectors, but also in health and education, public administration, justice, land administration, and the business environment
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  • 127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Coping Strategies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Employment ; Food Security ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Understanding the socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is important to inform policy responses. The arrival of COVID-19 disrupted lives across all countries and communities, creating unprecedented challenges. As of August 2021, there have been more than 200 million cases globally, with more than 4 million deaths. Throughout the pandemic, governments have adopted measures to curb the spread of the virus, which inadvertently resulted in socioeconomic impacts. To shape and accelerate the recovery, it is important to better understand the implications of the pandemic and its associated restrictions. The strict containment measures that were put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya had negative socioeconomic impacts. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya in March 2020, a range of containment measures were introduced by the Government of Kenya (GoK). These included the promotion of social distancing practices, restrictions on public gatherings, night curfews, shutting down learning institutions, and limits on public transport passenger capacities. Despite this, the number of cases reached 200,000 in August 2021, with more than 4,000 deaths. People were facing job losses, rising food insecurity, and worsening health and education outcomes. Understanding and quantifying the repercussions of the pandemic, particularly on different sub-groups of the population, can help to inform policies and improve targeting
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  • 128
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Mahler, Daniel Gerszon Nowcasting Global Poverty
    Keywords: Inequality ; Machine Learning ; Nowcasting ; Poverty ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This paper evaluates different methods for nowcasting country-level poverty rates, including methods that apply statistical learning to large-scale country-level data obtained from the World Development Indicators and Google Earth Engine. The methods are evaluated by withholding measured poverty rates and determining how accurately the methods predict the held-out data. A simple approach that scales the last observed welfare distribution by a fraction of real GDP per capita growth-a method that departs slightly from current World Bank practice-performs nearly as well as models using statistical learning on 1,000+ variables. This GDP-based approach outperforms all models that predict poverty rates directly, even when the last survey is up to five years old. The results indicate that in this context, the additional complexity introduced by applying statistical learning techniques to a large set of variables yields only marginal improvements in accuracy
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  • 129
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Protection and Labor Discussion Papers
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Social Insurance ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Countries in the Middle E ...
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  • 130
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Agricultural Productivity ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Human Capital ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Resources Management ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Sustainability
    Abstract: Since the 2015 SCD, some economic progress had been shared and progress in poverty reduction was achieved, but the COVID-19 crisis has in part reversed these developments. Uganda's broad development narrative has not changed significantly since the 2015 SCD, with the COVID-19 crisis further aggravating the existing challenges. Improvements in economic developments have slowed over the past five years compared to peers, with a particularly sharp deceleration in real per capita GDP growth. Addressing the inequality of opportunities, which is pervasive in Uganda, is key for the postCOVID recovery. The SCD Update revisits the priority areas and actions for Uganda today, based on the latest developments and analysis of constraints
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  • 131
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Forestry Management ; Income Distribution ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Ukraine has made impressive progress on key reforms and restored macro-financial stability, but weak growth and poverty remain a concern. Despite these economic challenges, Ukraine recognizes climate change as the most consequential factor this century, affecting the economy and future generations. This study is the first detailed assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on Ukraine, with a focus on agriculture, a key driver of the economy and jobs. The analysis provides an insight into the spatial dimension of climate change, how these changes would be experienced in different oblasts in the country. This report is supported by four background technical reports on climate projections, impact on agriculture, impact on forests and distributional analysis. In addition, climate datasets of over two terabytes generated for this assessment are housed at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv. The results of this study are expected to inform Ukraine's national adaptation strategy, which is now being finalized. This study also paves the way for the development of sub-national and sectoral adaptation strategies with the spatially disaggregated information that has been generated for all oblasts
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  • 132
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Health ; Poverty ; Public Health
    Abstract: This joint report by the World Bank and UNICEF-PNG presents the findings from two mobile phone surveys conducted in May, June and July 2021 in Papua New Guinea. The first survey, conducted in May and June, was the third in a series, with the first round being completed in June and July 2020 and the second round being conducted in December 2020. This survey interviewed a total of 2, 533 respondents about the impact of COVID-19 on their economic activity and the results were weighted using information from the 2016-2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to reflect nationally representative estimates of the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19. The second survey, conducted in June and July 2021, interviewed a total of 2, 541 respondents (1880 of whom were from the first survey) about the impact of COVID-19 on a range of areas that broadly can be considered human development. These results were also weighted using information from the DHS to develop representative estimates. The report uses data that predates the arrival of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in PNG and therefore should be considered a snapshot of changes in economic activity and human development from January to June 2021. The next round of data collection is currently planned to start in November 2021 and thatsurvey will shed light on the impact of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in PNG. The surveys in this report show that in general there were similar levels of economic activity and human development in mid-2021 as the start of 2021, however the surveys do not demonstrate a recovery to pre-pandemic levels. There was stabilization across a range of indicators, including levels of employment, access to education and healthcare as well as public trust and security. However, there was some variation across regions and wealth quintiles. The lack of deterioration of conditions since the start of 2021 is notable given that over this period there was a rapid escalationof the COVID-19 crisis in March followed by a fall in COVID-19 cases throughout May
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  • 133
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Employment and Unemployment ; Grants ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Inclusion ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Despite being an upper middle income country, South Africa's high inequality and the long-lasting legacies of apartheid mean that the country is faced with numerous development challenges, many of which are characteristic of countries with much lower incomes. This paper focuses on social assistance and, specifically, the system of social grants in South Africa. This report aims to review the social assistance system in South Africa to first understand how it functions and what kinds of benefits it provides through which programs, and what tools and systems it uses to do so. Second, it reviews the performance of the system in terms of coverage, targeting, benefit incidence, adequacy, cost-effectiveness, and outcomes. Third, it assesses the extent to which the system is aligned and equipped to address the so called "triple challenge" of poverty, inequality, and unemployment as shown by data. It also reviews the limitations in the design, delivery systems, and institutional coordination at different administrative levels. Based on the analysis, this paper provides some recommendation for what adjustments and improvement the South African social assistance system could undertake in the next fi ve years in order to better align the system address the structural causes of poverty and inequality in addition to providing relief and income support. The report concludes and provides some policy and programme recommendations for the future
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  • 134
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Batana, Yele Maweki Spatial Heterogeneity of COVID-19 Impacts on Urban Household Incomes: Between- and Within-City Evidence from Two African Countries
    Keywords: Accessibility ; Connectivity ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Employment and Unemployment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Mobility ; Pandemic Impact ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development ; Urban Labor Market
    Abstract: This paper examines spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban household incomes in Ethiopia and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Combining new panel household surveys with spatial data, the fixed-effects regression analysis for Ethiopia finds that households in large and densely populated towns were more likely to lose their labor incomes in the early phase of the pandemic, and their recovery was slower than other households. Disadvantaged groups, such as female, low-skilled, self-employed, and poor, particularly suffered in those towns. In Kinshasa, labor income-mobility elasticities are higher among workers-particularly female and/or low-skilled workers-who live in areas that are located farther from the city core area or highly dense and precarious neighborhoods. The between- and within-city evidence from two Sub-Saharan African countries points to the spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 impacts, implying the critical role of mobility and accessibility in urban agglomerations
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  • 135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Child Health ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Education ; Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Literacy ; Nutrition ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Prenatal Care ; Reproductive Health ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Low levels of foundational literacy and numeracy skills in Kosovo limit the ability of young adults to develop the skills required for the labor market and to lead full and productive lives. It is well documented that early childhood development (ECD)in the first 1,000 days of life lays the foundation for a lifetime of positive outcomes in health, education, wellbeing, and labor market productivity. This period is proven to be sensitive for brain development and strengthening of the immune system. The brain grows faster during this period than any other time. Children missing appropriate health and nutrition, education, and nurturing care supports in these critical years may encounter long-term difficulties in learning and life outcomes. Evidence finds that those who fall behind early struggle to catch up, losing out on valuable higher education and human capital potential. Research confirms that efforts and investments to improve human capital outcomes must start in the earliest years and employ a multisectoral approach to help children survive and thrive. The aim of this situational analysis is to support the government of Kosovo in developing a comprehensive strategy and enabling environment that support the equitable expansion of quality ECD services. This report analyzes multi-sectoral services supporting ECD in Kosovo by taking a child growth and development approach from pregnancy to entry to primary school, around six years old
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  • 136
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment
    Abstract: South Africa's social assistance system represents a major intervention by government in addressing the deprivation amongst the country's population. The system is extensive in terms of both the number of people it covers, directly and indirectly, as well as in terms of the amount of scarce resources it consumes. This brife summarizes findings and recommendations from a study that assesses the performance of South Africa's social assistance programs and systems, based on recent national household survey data and program administrative information, in three broad thrusts. Firstly, the study provides a sense of the operation of the social assistance system, the types of benefits it provides through its key programmes, and the tools and administrative systems that support its functioning. Secondly, it reviews the performance of the social assistance system in terms of coverage, targeting, benefit incidence, adequacy, cost-effectiveness, and outcomes. Thirdly, it assesses the extent to which the system is aligned with and equipped to address the so-called "triple challenge" of poverty, inequality, and unemployment as shown by data, and reviews some limitations in the design, delivery systems, and institutional coordination at different administrative levels
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  • 137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Decentralization ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Insurance ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Nepal's recent transition to a federal state structure provides a historic juncture to realize the role that social protection can play in achieving the constitutional goals of equity, inclusion, and prosperity. The transition to a federal structure of governance and the promulgation of a new Constitution founded on the principles of equity, inclusion, and prosperity for all have brought about tremendous expectations for the previously marginalized and discriminated poor and vulnerable segments of the population. Social protection (SP) programs, which have been proven to contribute to poverty reduction and inclusive growth, have the potential to play a significant role in meeting these expectations and realizing the objectives of federalism. The report is structured as follows, with each chapter concluding with a set of recommendations based on the analysis. Chapter 2 Provides an overall analysis of social protection expenditure trends, an assessment of ability of social assistance programs; Chapter 3 Assesses the policy and institutional framework for design and delivery of social protection programs in the decentralized federal context; and Chapter 4 Provides an overview of planning, budgeting, fund flow, and reporting processes for social protection programs at federal, province, and local levels
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  • 138
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Moeeni, Safoura The Intergenerational Effects of Economic Sanctions
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Conflict and Development ; Economic Sanctions ; Education ; Inequality ; Intergenerational Effect ; International Affairs ; International Economics and Trade ; Poverty ; School Enrollment ; Secondary Education ; Synthetic Control Method ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: While economic sanctions are successful in achieving political goals, can hurt the civilian population. These negative effects could be even more detrimental and long-lasting for future generations. This study estimates the effects of economic sanctions on children's education by exploiting the United Nations sanctions imposed on Iran in 2006. Using the variation in the strength of sanctions across industries and difference-in-differences with synthetic control analyses, this study finds that the sanctions decreased children's total years of schooling by 0.1 years and the probability of attending college by 4.8 percentage points. Moreover, households reduced education spending by 58 percent- particularly on school tuition. These effects are larger for children who were exposed longer to the sanctions. The results imply that sanctions have a larger effect on the income of children than their parents. Therefore, ignoring the effects of sanctions on future generations significantly understates their total economic costs
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  • 139
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Schnitzer, Pascale Targeting for Social Safety Nets: Evidence from Nine Programs in the Sahel
    Keywords: Benefit Allocation ; Cash Transfers ; Community-Based Targeting ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; SAHEL ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social Safety Nets ; Targeting Social Programs
    Abstract: Proxy-Means Testing (PMT) and Community-Based Targeting (CBT) are among the most widely used methods for poverty targeting in low-income settings. This paper analyzes household data from nine programs implemented in the Sahel region using a harmonized approach to compare PMT and CBT selection as conducted in practice, once geographical targeting has been applied. The results show that the targeting performance measured depends critically on the definition of the targeting objectives, share of beneficiaries selected, and indexes used to evaluate targeting. While PMT performs better in reaching the poorest households based on per capita consumption, it differs little from CBT, or a random or universal allocation of benefits when distances to poverty lines are considered. When aiming to identify food insecure households, most PMT and CBT targeting schemes perform no better than a random allocation of benefits. On the other hand, targeting costs represent only a small share of budgets. Overall, the results emphasize the need to study programs as implemented in practice instead of relying on simulations of targeting performance, as widely used by practitioners and academics. Taken together, the findings suggest that while there may be a need to select households resulting from budget constraints, PMT and CBT contribute little to poverty or food insecurity reduction efforts in poor and homogeneous settings
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  • 140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Baez, Javier E Getting Real? The Uneven Burden of Inflation across Households in Turkey
    Keywords: Income Distribution ; Inequality ; Inflation ; Labor Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Inflation is typically measured using aggregate price indices that are based on bundles of goods and services sold or consumed by the "median" agent. In the case of households, in particular, budget shares vary substantially across income and demographic groups. Assessing how inflation behaves at the household level requires understanding how heterogenous changes in consumer prices affect household choices and well-being differently. In recent years, price increases have been particularly high in Turkey, with double-digit inflation starting in 2017 and intensifying in 2018 and 2020 due to exchange rate volatility, macroeconomic instability, and the economic disruption brought about by Covid-19. This paper calculates income-decile price indices to examine the inflation experience across income groups and discusses their implications for household welfare. Households in the first decile allocate nearly 70 percent of their budget to food and housing, twice as much as the corresponding share for the typical household in the upper decile. Inflation measures that consider these heterogeneities in expenditures show a higher burden for the poor in recent inflation episodes driven by rapid increases in food prices (2013, 2015 and 2019). In 2015, for instance, 342,000 additional people would have been deemed poor (an increase of 4.2 percent) had the poverty calculations taken into account the actual inflation experience of poor and vulnerable households. A methodological extension of the World Bank's upper-middle-income poverty line (USD 5.50 2011 purchasing power parity) that takes into consideration the inflation experience of the bottom deciles yields higher poverty rates for Turkey every year between 2011 and 2020
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  • 141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Kim, Lydia Y Inequality under COVID-19: Taking Stock of High-Frequency Data for East Asia and the Pacific
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Inequality ; Pandemic Impact ; Poverty ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: While the distributional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented in high-income countries, studies in low- and middle-income countries have been relatively rare due to data limitations. This paper uses pre-pandemic household welfare data and high-frequency household phone survey data from seven middle-income countries in East Asia and the Pacific, spanning May 2020 to May 2021, to analyze the distributional impacts of the pandemic and their implications for equitable recovery. The results indicate that employment impacts at the extensive margin have been large and widespread across the welfare distribution during times of stringent mobility restrictions (low mobility). When mobility restrictions have been relaxed, however, employment impacts have been larger among poorer workers who have found it more difficult to return to employment. Data on the loss of labor income also suggests that the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities. In addition to being more susceptible to employment and income shocks, poorer households in East Asia and the Pacific are at higher risk of experiencing long-term scarring from the pandemic - due to rising food insecurity, increased debt, distress sale of assets, and fewer distance/interactive learning opportunities for their children. Taken together, the findings indicate that inequality has worsened during the pandemic, raising concerns about the prospects for an inclusive recovery in the absence of appropriate policy measures
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Adolescent Health ; Cash Transfers ; Economics of Education ; Education ; Educational Attainment ; Empowerment ; Fertility ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Social Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Marriage ; Poverty ; Reproductive Health ; Social Norms
    Abstract: Adolescent girls are viewed as a key demographic group to target for successfully breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty in developing countries. Unfortunately, for many teenage girls in developing countries, adolescence entails a fleeting transition from childhood to adulthood, when they are expected to behave as adults even though they are not biologically, cognitively, or emotionally ready to assume adult responsibilities. This report summarizes the state of the evidence and provides policy guidance on interventions that have sought to: (1) increase educational attainment; (2) delay childbearing; and/or (3) delay marriage for adolescent girls in developing countries. The focus is on these three outcomes because it is believed that altering these outcomes can have lasting effects on an individual's well-being as well as the well-being of others, for example an individual's (future) children. Despite these outcomes having long-lasting effects on lifetime well-being, they can be readily measured in the short-medium term, making it easier for researchers to analyze the impacts of different interventions on them
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  • 143
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Inequality ; Informal Sector ; Labor Markets ; Pensions and Retirement Systems ; Poverty ; Public Sector Development ; Public Spending ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has an ambitious long-term vision for the nation and its people, operationalized through the national development plans. A rapid increase in public spending financed through borrowing, due to lack of a concomitant increase in public revenue, meant a ballooning of nondiscretionary spending in lieu of discretionary spending. Overall poverty is estimated to have consistently increased since 2015 and, in fact, has rapidly increased in 2020 driven by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Natural disasters and market fluctuations have been a common feature of the Zambian context even before COVID-19, with natural disasters becoming more prominent in rural areas and disproportionately affecting poorer households. Human capital has shown significant improvements in terms of health outcomes and education access, but without similar gains in quality of education, Zambia lags behind regional peers, and the poor are worst off. COVID-19's negative effects will not only affect those that are directly impacted, but will be felt across the population and, in many cases, across generations, eroding decades of progress in human capital. Jobs and economic inclusion (JEI) programs are being implemented across seven ministries, with little coordination and minimal coverage
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  • 144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 pages)
    Series Statement: MENA Development Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Growth ; Health ; Income ; Inequality ; Labor ; Micro Simulations ; Pandemic ; Phone Surveys ; Poverty ; Unemployment ; Welfare
    Abstract: COVID-19 is one of multiple crises to have hit the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in the decade following the Arab Spring. War, oil price declines, economic slowdowns, and now a pandemic are tearing at the social fabric of a region characterized by high rates of unemployment, high levels of informality, and low annual economic growth. The economic costs of the pandemic are estimated at about USD 227 billion, and fiscal support packages across MENA are averaging 2.7 percent of GDP, putting pressure on already weak fiscal balances and making a quick recovery challenging. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, MENA was the only region in the world experiencing increases in poverty and declines in life satisfaction. Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region investigates how COVID-19 changed the welfare of individuals and households in the region. It does so by relying on phone surveys implemented across the region and complements these with microsimulation exercises to assess the impact of COVID-19 on jobs, income, poverty, and inequality. The two approaches complement and corroborate each other's results, thereby making the findings more robust and richer. This report's results show that, in the short run, poverty rates in MENA will increase significantly and inequality will widen. A group of 'new poor' is likely to emerge that may have difficulty recovering from the economic consequences of COVID-19. The report adds value by analyzing newly gathered primary data, along with projections based on newly modeled micro- and macrosimulations, and by identifying key issues that policy makers should focus on to enable a quick, inclusive, and sustained economic recovery
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  • 145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 pages)
    Series Statement: South Asia Development Forum
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Apparel Industry ; Careers ; Development ; Female Labor Force ; Glass Ceilings ; Inequality ; Jobs ; Poverty ; Welfare ; Women
    Abstract: An oft-cited strategy to advance economic development is to further integrate developing countries into global trade, particularly through global value chains, bolstered by the expansion of female-intensive industries to bring more women into the formal labor force. As a result, a frequent debate centers on whether the apparel industry--the most female-intensive and globally engaged manufacturing industry--can be a key player in this strategy. In recent decades, the apparel industry has shifted production to low-wage developing countries, increasing the demand for women, closing male-female wage gaps, and bringing women into the formal labor force from agriculture and informal work. But is an apparel-led export strategy sufficient to induce a broader transition from jobs women do to survive to careers promising stable employment and a sense of identity? 'From Jobs to Careers' answers this question by focusing on seven countries where apparel plays a vital role in their export baskets--Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Vietnam. It finds that the apparel industry indeed can serve as a launching pad to bring more women into the labor market. For this approach to work, however, complementary policies must tackle the barriers that hinder women's pursuit of long-term workforce participation and better-paid occupations. Key policy recommendations include increasing the participation of female production workers in export-oriented apparel manufacturing and associated industries, upgrading within manufacturing-related industries, boosting access to education, and breaking glass ceilings. The report also seeks to shift the paradigm of how we think of women in the labor force by stressing the importance of their transition from jobs to careers--the so-called 'quiet revolution.'
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  • 146
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Gerard, Francois Cash Transfers and Formal Labor Markets: Evidence from Brazil
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Employment and Unemployment ; Formal Employment ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Safety Nets ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Cash transfer programs have expanded widely in developing countries and have been credited for sizable reductions in poverty. However, their potential disincentive effects on beneficiaries' labor supply have spurred a heated policy debate. This paper studies the impact of a large-scale program Bolsa Familia in Brazil on local labor markets in a context where such concerns could be particularly strong: eligibility is means-tested and the paper focuses on the formal labor market, where earnings are more easily verifiable. Yet, the analysis finds that an expansion of Bolsa Familia increased local formal employment, using variation in the size of the reform across municipalities. The evidence is consistent with multiplier effects of cash transfers in the local economy, which dominate potential negative effects on formal labor supply among beneficiaries
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  • 147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Artuc, Erhan Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Inequality ; Globalization ; Globalization and Financial Integration ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Poverty ; Tariffs ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to that of male headed ones. Female headed households bear the brunt of tariffs because they derive a smaller share of their income from and spend a larger share of their budget on agricultural products, which are usually subject to high tariffs in developing countries. Consistent with this explanation, the anti-female bias is stronger in countries where female-headed households are underrepresented in agricultural production, are more reliant on remittances, and spend a larger share of their budgets on food than male-headed ones
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  • 148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Keywords: Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Gender ; Gender and Rural Development ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Identifying opportunities to increase agricultural productivity and incomes is an important priority for rural development. Progress toward poverty reduction continued in recent years, but the contribution of the agriculture sector was weak, mainly because productivity improvements were relatively limited. Using detailed individual-level data on agricultural activities, this paper analyzes agricultural production patterns and associated productivity of farm households. Particular attention is paid to (i) diversification toward higher-value, export-oriented crops as a means to increase productivity and earnings; and (ii) gender differences in farming activities and outcomes. The role of structural factors such as access to land is also considered. There are three key findings in this paper. First, diversified farmers, especially those with a crop mix that is focused on export crops or other high-value crops have higher productivity and earnings. The productivity of paddy cultivation is significantly lower than that of other crops, leading to low earnings. Second, production patterns and productivity levels differ distinctively between men and women farmers. Female farmers have higher productivity, as measured by output value per acre, which is mainly explained by their smaller plot size and a crop mix that consists of higher-value crops. However, despite higher productivity, overall farm incomes are lower among female farmers, mainly due to lower access to land. Third, once land size and crop mix are accounted for, unequal access to resources eventually leads to a male productivity advantage, referred to as conditional advantage, after differential access to resources is controlled for via multivariate analysis. Policies to increase the crop mix toward higher-value, export-oriented crops and to equalize access to resources, including land and agricultural inputs, could help improve productivity and income, and reduce gender disparities
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  • 149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Hanmer, Lucia C Differences in Household Composition: Hidden Dimensions of Poverty and Displacement in Somalia
    Keywords: Displaced People ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Poverty ; Host Community ; Household Composition ; Inequality ; Internal Displacement ; Involuntary Resettlement Law ; Law and Development ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Little is known about how gender inequality influences poverty rates of forcibly displaced people. This paper uses a nationally representative survey to analyze poverty among internally displaced people and non-displaced people in Somalia. More than half of internally displaced people's households and 47 percent of non-displaced people's households are female headed. Although poverty rates are higher among internally displaced people than non-displaced people (77 versus 66 percent), male-headed households are poorer than female-headed ones among both groups. Extending the analysis beyond headship to demographic characteristics and by the gender and number of earners provides a more nuanced picture. Demographic characteristics are strongly associated with poverty rates for internally displaced people but not for non-displaced people. Having more income earners reduces poverty risk for all households. For internally displaced people's households, the largest decrease in poverty risk is associated with having more female earners, while having more male earners is associated with the lowest poverty for nondisplaced people's households. The analysis highlights that poverty reduction policies and programs must cover all households and lift barriers to women's economic opportunities. Programs that respond to women's care responsibilities and address barriers to women's economic opportunities are especially important for internally displaced people
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  • 150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Access To Justice ; Disability ; Poverty ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: About 85 million persons with disabilities live in Latin America and the Caribbean today. They comprise a highly heterogeneous population, but share a common history of invisibility and exclusion. In the last decades, persons with disabilities have improved their situation in terms of statistical visibility, poverty reduction, access to schools, and increased recognition and participation in public and private spaces. Yet, they are more likely to live in households that are poor, are overrepresented amongst the vulnerable, continue to face unequal opportunities in the labor market, have lower accumulation of human capital, and have limited voice and agency to have their aspirations of development included in decision making. The report offers a snapshot of the drivers behind the persistent exclusion of persons with disabilities and proposes a framework to build an actionable agenda building on promising practices available in the region. The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the urgent need to build more inclusive and resilient societies. The region has shown its resilience in recovering from many crises in the past. Today, we are at a crucial flection point where it is clear that universal policies and economic growth alone are insufficient to eradicate the remaining pockets of exclusion. A disability-inclusive recovery should be at the core of the region's rebuilding strategy. This matters in its own right but is also of utmost importance for the sustainability of the region
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  • 151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Fiscal Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This note will examine the distributional and efficiency issues associated with the fiscal response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis in Da Nang city and nationally in Vietnam. More specifically, we look at the social assistance (cash transfer) programs. Did these programs efficiently reach people who were the most in need Was the amount of support and the duration of programs sufficient Based on the World Bank COVID-19 monitoring surveys, national-level results indicate that cash transfer programs may have ended prematurely and were not received by the poorest groups or by those who lost their jobs due to pandemic-related factors. Official data also show that the scope of the implementation was smaller than planned, both in the number of new beneficiaries who received access and in terms of the amount spent
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  • 152
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Economic Recovery ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor
    Abstract: Following the surge in COVID-19 infections in Q3 2021, Malaysia is gradually emerging from the worst wave of the pandemic. As a result, the Malaysian economy is expected to be on a recovery path next year. In the near-term, it is key to ensure that targeted support measures remain in place. The Malaysia Economic Monitor (MEM) consists of two parts. Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses on a selected special topic that is key to Malaysia's medium-term development prospects and to the achievement of shared prosperity
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Economic Growth ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Labor Market ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The economic rebound gained momentum in the third quarter of 2021 despite another COVID-19 wave. The Philippines has, so far, faced its worst infection wave in September when the 7-day daily average reached about 21,000 cases due to the Delta variant. In response, the authorities reimposed stringent mobility restrictions in Metro Manila and other key metropolitan areas. Nonetheless, compared with previous waves, domestic activity has been less sensitive to infections. Public containment measures constrained overall mobility less, while households and firms have learned to cope with infections and diminished mobility. As a result, the growth momentum was not severely hampered, and the third quarter growth surprised on the upside, exceeding market expectations. The economy expanded by 4.9 percent in the first three quarters of 2021, rebounding from a 10.1 percent contraction over the same period in 2020. Although partially driven by base effects, the growth expansion also reflected an increase in economic activity despite the implementation of several lockdowns. Growth was supported by the industry sector, driven by double-digit growth in manufacturing and robust public construction activity. The services sector posted a more moderate expansion as some key services were subdued by mobility restriction measures. The agriculture sector contracted as farm and livestock outputs were impacted by typhoons and ongoing outbreak of African Swine Fever. Meanwhile, domestic demand improved, supported by a resurgence in public construction spending. Private consumption picked up but still tempered by elevated inflation and unemployment, mobility restrictions, and low consumer confidence. Public consumption growth eased, in part due to the base effects from the swift disbursement of fiscal support a year ago. The global economic recovery strengthened exports, although services trade remained weak. The fiscal stance remains supportive of economic recovery, but the policy space is narrowing. Public spending accelerated from 23.6 percent of GDP in the first three quarters of 2020 to 24.6 percent of GDP in the same period in 2021, in line with the recovery in public investment and ongoing fiscal support. Infrastructure outlays increased from 3.5 percent of GDP to 4.7 percent of GDP in the first three quarters of 2021, a result of the government's push on investment spending as part of its recovery program. Meanwhile, public revenues fell from 16.8 percent of GDP in the first three quarters of 2020 to 16.3 percent of GDP over the same period in 2021. Tax revenues rebounded due to strong tax and customs collections, but non-tax revenue contracted following the significant dividend remittances to the Bureau of the Treasury (BTr) in the beginning of the pandemic. The fiscal deficit widened from 6.9 percent of GDP in Q1-Q3 2020 to 8.3 percent of GDP in Q1-Q3 2021. The wider fiscal deficit has resulted in higher financing needs, which have been met by increased public borrowing. Public debt increased from 54.6 percent of GDP at end-2020 to 63.1 percent of GDP at end-September 2021
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  • 154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Women's Empowerment
    Abstract: Uganda's economy was recovering well, up until the second wave of COVID-19 infections and subsequent lockdown in mid-2021. Since then, activity has rebounded - much like after the first lockdown - but the country is likely to still face a stop-start recovery until there is wider coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine. Notwithstanding this recovery, there has been a rise in poverty and - with the shift back to agriculture for some workers - an increase in household vulnerabilities. We have also seen a widening of inequalities, which have been most severe in the education sector, where schools have now been fully or partially closed for longer than any other country in the world. As a result, Uganda has a long way to go in its quest to build-back-better. Eighteenth Uganda Economic Update includes the special topic of Putting Women at the Center of Uganda's Economic Revival. In line with the structure of earlier editions of the Uganda Economic Update series, this report reviews recent economic developments - with particular attention paid to the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic - provides an outlook for the macro-economy, and then delves into the special topic
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  • 155
    ISBN: 9781910022795
    Language: English
    Pages: 383 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Second edition
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Harrison, Ellie / 1979- / Homes and haunts / Scotland / Glasgow ; Sustainable living ; Well-being ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: First published 2019. - Hier auch spätere unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 156
    Book
    Book
    Cham, Switzerland :Palgrave Macmillan,
    ISBN: 978-3-030-51536-2
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 232 Seiten : , Diagramme.
    Series Statement: International political economy series
    Uniform Title: International politics of aid and the emerging powers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Jawaharlal Nehru University 2012
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Political economy ; Poverty ; International relations ; Political science ; emerging powers;foreign aid;development cooperation;south-south cooperation;Brazil;China;India ; Entwicklungspolitik. ; Internationale Politik. ; Schwellenländer. ; Wirtschaftspolitik, politische Ökonomie ; International Political Economy ; Political Science and International Studies ; International Relations ; Development Studies ; Development Aid ; Soziale Ungleichheit, Armut, Rassismus ; International Relations Theory ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Hochschulschrift ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Geschichte
    Note: Originaltitel der Dissertation: International politics of aid and the emerging powers
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  • 157
    ISBN: 9787119126456 , 7119126458
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 Seiten , 26 cm
    DDC: 305.52340951091732
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; China
    Note: "April 2021."
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  • 158
    ISBN: 9787511739605 , 7511739601 , 9787511739612 , 751173961X
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 Seiten , 24 cm
    DDC: 305.52340951091732
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; China
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  • 159
    ISBN: 9783898091954 , 3898091953
    Language: German
    Pages: 190 Seiten , Illustrationen , 22 cm x 14 cm
    Series Statement: Die geteilte Nation Band 1
    Series Statement: Die geteilte Nation
    DDC: 305.5690943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty History ; Poverty History ; Marginality, Social History ; Marginality, Social History ; Pauvreté - Allemagne (Est) - Histoire ; Pauvreté - Allemagne (Ouest) - Histoire ; Marginality, Social ; Poverty ; History ; Germany (East) ; Germany (West) ; Historische Darstellung ; Deutschland ; Deutschland ; Randgruppe ; Armut ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Sowohl die Bundesrepublik als auch die DDR waren mit unterschiedlichen Formen von Armut und den Folgen sozialer Ausgrenzung konfrontiert. Nicht nur in den Nachkriegsjahren, sondern auch in späteren Phasen wirtschaftlicher Schwäche stand man auf beiden Seiten des Eisernen Vorhangs immer wieder vor drängenden Problemen wie Renten- und Kinderarmut oder Arbeits- und Wohnungslosigkeit.Christoph Lorke beschreibt die Entwicklung und Debatten bis 1990 und macht deutlich, dass der jeweilige Umgang mit gesellschaftlichen Randgruppen viel über das Selbstverständnis der beiden deutschen Staaten und ihr Konkurrenzverhältnis in Zeiten des Kalten Krieges verrät
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 183-185
    URL: Cover
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  • 160
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK :Edward Elgar Publishing,
    ISBN: 978-1-78897-751-7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 585 Seiten).
    Series Statement: Research handbooks in human rights
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Human rights ; Poverty ; Social rights ; Minorities / Legal status, laws, etc ; Armut. ; Unterprivilegierter. ; Ungleichheit. ; Menschenrecht. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Armut ; Unterprivilegierter ; Ungleichheit ; Menschenrecht
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 161
    ISBN: 9781544372419
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 290 Seiten , Diagramme
    Edition: Eleventh edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gilbert, Dennis The American class structure in an age of growing inequality
    DDC: 306.0973
    Keywords: Social classes ; Equality ; Poverty ; United States Social conditions ; United States Economic conditions
    Abstract: "With the most recent data on income, wealth, earnings, residential segregation by income, and other topics, The American Class Structure describes a consistent pattern of growing inequality in the United States since the early 1970s. It focuses on the socioeconomic core of the class system., emphasizing the effects of class differences on our everyday lives. Gender and race are treated in relation to class, rather than as parallel dimensions of stratification"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 162
    ISBN: 9780796925961 , 0796925968
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 430 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm
    Series Statement: State of the nation
    DDC: 305.50968
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Soziale Lage ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Südafrika ; Equality ; Poverty ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Social aspects ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Economics ; Equality ; Politics and government ; Poverty ; Social conditions ; South Africa Social conditions ; South Africa Politics and government ; South Africa ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südafrika ; Gesellschaft ; Gleichheit
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 163
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge, UK :Polity,
    ISBN: 978-0-7456-4597-1 , 978-0-7456-4596-4
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 313 Seiten : , Illustrationen.
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Series Statement: Key concepts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 362.5
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Armut. ; Armut
    Abstract: "The essential introduction to a persistent social ill."
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 164
    Book
    Book
    Oxford : Hart Publishing
    ISBN: 9781509939480
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 312 Seiten
    Edition: Paperback edition, 2020
    DDC: 342.08/78
    RVK:
    Keywords: United Nations ; United Nations / Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women ; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 〈(1979 December 18)〉 ; Women (International law) ; Women's rights ; Sex discrimination against women Law and legislation ; Equality before the law ; Poverty International cooperation ; Women (International law) ; Women's rights ; Sex discrimination against women Law and legislation ; Equality before the law ; Poverty International cooperation ; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 〈(1979 December 18)〉 ; Equality before the law ; Poverty ; Sex discrimination against women ; Women (International law) ; Women's rights ; United Nations
    Abstract: Mapping the problem -- The drafting of CEDAW -- Strategies for interpreting CEDAW -- Interpreting gender-based poverty into CEDAW -- The Committee and gender-based poverty -- The working methods of the Committee -- Evolutionary general recommendations -- Envisioning gender-based poverty in CEDAW
    Note: First published in hardback, 2018 , Enthält Literaturangaben und Sachregister
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  • 165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Inequality ; Irrigation ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section two describes the state of the rural population in Sudan, by first discussing the spatial distribution of poverty across the states as well as changes in poverty levels between 2009 and 2014-15. It also describes the profile of poor rural households using characteristics such as their incomes, consumption, and assets. Section three focuses on the practice of agriculture in Sudan. It documents the agriculture-specific characteristics of households, such as choice of crops, use of inputs, irrigation, plot size, and credit access. We use these characteristics to illustrate the profile of rural farmers in Sudan and identify differences between poor and non-poor farmers. Section four describes agricultural yields across Sudan and relates these measures of farm productivity to the previously described farm characteristics to identify constraints to agricultural productivity. Section five concludes with a summary of the main findings and policy recommendations
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  • 166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The authors build a new database of highly spatially disaggregated indicators related to risk and resilience to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. The outbreak disproportionately affects groups, the elderly, the poor, those living in areas under lockdown, and families who rely on remittance income are all examples of groups that are especially vulnerable to effects of the crisis in Uzbekistan. The authors assemble indicators summarizing concentrations of these and other risk factors at the lowest administrative level in the country, neighborhood-sized units called mahallas. Local official administrative statistics (published for the first time in this study) are combined with monthly panel survey data from the ongoing Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan project to produce an overall risk index, which is decomposable by dimension or risk factor to inform targeted and issue-specific responses. We then demonstrate a process for updating key indicators (such as employment or remittance flows) on a monthly basis using linked survey data combined with small area estimation techniques. These neighborhood-level results are intended to improve resource allocation decisions and are particularly relevant in Uzbekistan where local representatives are responsible for implementing key social and economic programs to respond to the outbreak
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  • 167
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : New York University Press
    ISBN: 9780814708170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Citizenship and Migration in the Americas Band 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.800973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; African Americans;American Indian;American Indian Movement;Apartheid;Asian Americans;Assimilation;Black Lives Matter;Black Panther Party;Citizenship;Civil rights;Civilization;COINTELPRO;Colonialism;Community;Constitution;Convict labor;Criminalization;Decolonization;Deindustrialization;Dignity;Disappearance;Due process;Dynamic of difference;Elimination;Emancipation;Equal protection;Exclusion;Foreignness;Gender;Genocide;Grassroots;Human rights;Identity;Immigrants;Immigration;Imperialism;Incarceration;Inclusion;Inclusive exclusion;Indigeneity;Indigenous;Indigenous peoples;Indigenous rights;Internal colonialism;International law;Labor;Land claims;Latina/os;Lynching;Mass incarceration;Massacres;Migrant Others;Narrative;National security;Neocolonialism;Origin stories;People of color;Peoples ; Plenary power ; Pluriverse ; Policing ; Postcolonial ; Postracial ; Poverty ; Property ; Racial discrimination ; Racialization ; Racism ; Reconstruction ; Redress ; Refugees ; Removal ; Reparations ; Reproduction ; Savagery ; Self-determination ; Settler colonial theory ; Settler colonialism ; Sixties ; Slavery ; Social control ; Sovereignty ; Standing Rock ; Strategies ; United States ; Violence ; Xenophobia ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations ; Decolonization History ; Indigenous peoples Legal status, laws, etc ; History ; Minorities Legal status, laws, etc ; History ; Race discrimination Law and legislation ; History ; Racism History ; Minderheit ; Rassismus ; Indigenes Volk ; Rassendiskriminierung ; USA ; USA ; Indigenes Volk ; Minderheit ; Rassismus ; Rassendiskriminierung ; Geschichte
    Abstract: How taking Indigenous sovereignty seriously can help dismantle the structural racism encountered by other people of color in the United States Settler Colonialism, Race, and the Law provides a timely analysis of structural racism at the intersection of law and colonialism. Noting the grim racial realities still confronting communities of color, and how they have not been alleviated by constitutional guarantees of equal protection, this book suggests that settler colonial theory provides a more coherent understanding of what causes and what can help remediate racial disparities. Natsu Taylor Saito attributes the origins and persistence of racialized inequities in the United States to the prerogatives asserted by its predominantly Angloamerican colonizers to appropriate Indigenous lands and resources, to profit from the labor of voluntary and involuntary migrants, and to ensure that all people of color remain "in their place." By providing a functional analysis that links disparate forms of oppression, this book makes the case for the oft-cited proposition that racial justice is indivisible, focusing particularly on the importance of acknowledging and contesting the continued colonization of Indigenous peoples and lands. Settler Colonialism, Race, and the Law concludes that rather than relying on promises of formal equality, we will more effectively dismantle structural racism in America by envisioning what the right of all peoples to self-determination means in a settler colonial state
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 168
    ISBN: 9783030196202 , 9783030196233
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 274 Seiten , Illustrationen , 21 cm
    Series Statement: Middle East today
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Socioeconomic protests in MENA and Latin America
    DDC: 303.484
    RVK:
    Keywords: World Bank ; Protest movements History 21st century ; Protest movements History 21st century ; Protest movements History 21st century ; Protest movements Cross-cultural studies ; Protestbewegung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Unruhen ; Arbeiterbewegung ; Randgruppe ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Nordafrika ; Lateinamerika ; Tunesien ; Ägypten ; Lateinamerika ; Politischer Protest ; Protestbewegung
    Abstract: This edited volume presents a detailed account of the dynamics of socioeconomic contention in Egypt and Tunisia since 2011. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, it analyses what has happened to the socioeconomic grievances that played a key role in the mass mobilizations of 2010 and 2011. The book is based on an original data set of socioeconomic protests in the two countries and on in-depth case studies that cover the two most important types of socioeconomic contention: labor protests and protests by socioeconomically disadvantaged people outside the formal economy. Drawing on a systematic review of comparative research on Latin America, the authors argue that the dynamics of socioeconomic contention in contemporary Egypt and Tunisia reflect a deep-seated crisis of popular sector incorporation. This work promises to enrich the scholarly and the political debates on Egypt and Tunisia, the MENA region and on contentious politics in times of political change.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Introduction: socioeconomic protests in times of political change - studying Egypt and Tunisia from a comparative perspective , General trends , Beyond regime change : the state and the crisis of governance in post-2011 Egypt and Tunisia , Socioeconomic contention in post-2011 Egypt and Tunisia : a comparison , Organized labor , Organized labor and political change in Latin America : an overview , Proposals, intermediation, and pressure : the three roles of the UGTT in Tunisia's post-revolutionary constitutional process$HBassem Karray , From the dream of change to the nightmare of structural weakness : the trajectory of Egypt's independent trade union movement after 2011 , Marginalized groups , Contention by marginalized groups and political change in Latin America : an overview , Unemployed protests in Tunisia : between grassroots activism and formal organization , Mobilized along the margins : survival strategies of tuktuk drivers in Egypt , Conclusion , From North Africa to Latin America and back : comparative findings and theoretical reflections
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  • 169
    ISBN: 978-3-8376-5183-6
    Language: English
    Pages: 272 Seiten : , Illustrationen ; , 24 cm x 15.5 cm, 493 g.
    Series Statement: Social movement and protest [2]
    Series Statement: Social movement and protest
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Potsdam 2019
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklungsbank. ; Entwicklungspolitik. ; Internationaler Vergleich. ; Development ; Social Movements ; World Bank ; Society ; Neoliberalism ; Economy ; Politics ; International Relations ; Finance ; Political Science ; Process Tracing ; Hochschulschrift ; Entwicklungsbank ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Note: Erscheint in der Transcript Open Library Politikwissenschaft. - Erscheint auch als Open Access bei De Gruyter
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 170
    Book
    Book
    New York :New York University Press,
    ISBN: 978-1-4798-7633-4 , 978-1-4798-8194-9
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 223 Seiten : , Illustrationen ; , 23 cm.
    Series Statement: Critical perspectives on youth
    DDC: 305.235086/942
    RVK:
    Keywords: Iran ; Poor youth / Iran ; Poverty / Iran ; Youth / Iran / Economic conditions ; Youth / Iran / Social conditions ; Poor youth ; Poverty ; Youth / Economic conditions ; Youth / Social conditions ; Heranwachsender. ; Erwachsener ; Armut. ; Soziale Situation. ; Wirtschaftliche Lage. ; Iran. ; Heranwachsender ; Erwachsener ; Armut ; Soziale Situation ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: ""Coming of Age in Iran" explores poverty and the struggle for dignity and the impact that they have on Iran's youth population"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Saving Face -- All in a Day's Work -- Dress for Success -- Be Good, Do Good -- Moral Conformism and Its Contents
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  • 171
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bielefeld :transcript Verlag,
    ISBN: 978-3-8394-5079-6
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (511 Seiten).
    Series Statement: Kultur und soziale Praxis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Basel 2019
    DDC: 306.461
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einwanderin. ; Depression. ; Krankheit. ; Rassismus. ; Binationale Ehe. ; Schweiz. ; Migration und Gesundheit ; Krankheit ; Biographie ; Biographieforschung ; Lateinamerikanische Migrantinnen ; Psychologie ; Psychische Krankheit ; Gender ; Rassismus ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Basel ; Bern ; Zürich ; Erwerbsarbeit ; Familie ; Armut ; Medizin ; Medizinsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Gender Studies ; Soziologie ; Gesundheit ; Migration ; Illness ; Biography ; Biographical Research ; Psychology ; Mental Illness ; Racism ; Social Inequality ; Zurich ; Gainful Employment ; Family ; Poverty ; Medicine ; Sociology of Medicine ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology ; Health ; Depression ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Einwanderin ; Depression ; Krankheit ; Rassismus ; Binationale Ehe
    Note: Erscheint als Open Access bei De Gruyter
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 172
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bielefeld : transcript-Verlag | Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    ISBN: 9783839450796
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (516 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Kultur und soziale Praxis
    DDC: 306.461
    Keywords: Armut ; Basel ; Bern ; Biographical Research ; Biographie ; Biographieforschung ; Biography ; Cultural Anthropology ; Erwerbsarbeit ; Familie ; Family ; Gainful Employment ; Gender Studies ; Gender ; Gesundheit ; Illness ; Krankheit ; Kulturanthropologie ; Lateinamerikanische Migrantinnen ; Medicine ; Medizin ; Medizinsoziologie ; Mental Illness ; Migration und Gesundheit ; Migration ; Poverty ; Psychische Krankheit ; Psychologie ; Psychology ; Racism ; Rassismus ; Social Inequality ; Sociology of Medicine ; Sociology ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Soziologie ; Zurich ; Zürich ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Emigration & Immigration ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.
    Abstract: Wie beeinflussen gesellschaftliche Faktoren die psychische Gesundheit? Und welche Besonderheiten bringt dabei ein Migrationshintergrund mit sich? Die Soziologin Amina Trevisan untersucht hierzu Depressionserfahrungen migrierter Frauen aus Lateinamerika mit Methoden der Biographieforschung. In 17 Interviews erzählen die Migrantinnen ihr dafür ihre Krankheits- und Leidenserfahrungen sowie ihre Verarbeitungsstrategien. Dabei werden persönliche Kompetenzen, aber auch viel soziales Leiden sichtbar, das durch gesellschaftliche Bedingungen mitverursacht ist. Die detaillierten Fallstudien führen zu Forschungsergebnissen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Depressionserkrankung und gesellschaftlichen, migrations- und schichtspezifischen Faktoren verdeutlichen.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 15. Sep 2020)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 173
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781108647472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 290 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blunt, Gwilym David, 1980 - Global poverty, injustice, and resistance
    DDC: 320.01/1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Social justice ; Social movements ; Poor Political activity ; Weltordnung ; Universalitätsprinzip ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Armut ; Vermögensumverteilung ; Einkommensumverteilung ; Menschenrecht ; Widerstand ; Nichtstaatliche internationale Organisation ; Transnationale Politik ; Politische Theorie ; Poverty ; Social justice ; Social movements ; Poor ; Political activity ; Armut ; Ungerechtigkeit ; Widerstand ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Each year, millions of people die from poverty-related causes. In this groundbreaking and thought-provoking book, Gwilym David Blunt argues that the only people who will end this injustice are its victims, and that the global poor have the right to resist the causes of poverty. He explores how the right of resistance is used to reframe urgent political questions: is illegal immigration a form of resistance? Can transnational social movements, such as the indigenous rights movement, provide the foundations for civil resistance to global poverty? If peaceful resistance fails, is armed struggle justified? Do people living in affluent states have a responsibility to help even if it requires them to break the law? Giving clear historical examples and engaging with fields including philosophy, international law, history, and international political studies, this volume addresses real-world issues from terrorism to activism. It will be important for anyone interested in applied philosophy and global injustice.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 16 Dec 2019)
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  • 174
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina : Ediciones CICCUS
    ISBN: 9789877227833 , 9877227835
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 pages)
    Series Statement: Colección Grupos de Trabajo
    Series Statement: Serie Economía, políticas de desarrollo y desigualdades
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sena, Angélica De Vulnerabilidad, pobreza y políticas sociales
    Keywords: Poverty ; Marginality, Social ; Latin America Social policy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Poverty & Homelessness ; Marginality, Social ; Poverty ; Latin America
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  • 175
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781108480123 , 9781108703321
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 290 Seiten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blunt, Gwilym David, 1980 - Global poverty, injustice, and resistance
    DDC: 320.01/1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poor Political activity ; Social movements ; Social justice ; Weltordnung ; Universalitätsprinzip ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Armut ; Vermögensumverteilung ; Einkommensumverteilung ; Menschenrecht ; Widerstand ; Nichtstaatliche internationale Organisation ; Transnationale Politik ; Politische Theorie ; Armut ; Ungerechtigkeit ; Widerstand ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Each year, millions of people die from poverty-related causes. In this groundbreaking and thought-provoking book, Gwilym David Blunt argues that the only people who will end this injustice are its victims, and that the global poor have the right to resist the causes of poverty. He explores how the right of resistance is used to reframe urgent political questions: is illegal immigration a form of resistance? Can transnational social movements, such as the indigenous rights movement, provide the foundations for civil resistance to global poverty? If peaceful resistance fails, is armed struggle justified? Do people living in affluent states have a responsibility to help even if it requires them to break the law? Giving clear historical examples and engaging with fields including philosophy, international law, history, and international political studies, this volume addresses real-world issues from terrorism to activism. It will be important for anyone interested in applied philosophy and global injustice.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 257-282. - Index
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  • 176
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISBN: 9780367726706 , 9780367178666
    Language: English
    Pages: xxii, 413 Seiten , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Routledge international handbooks
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Routledge international handbook of poverty
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Routledge international handbook of poverty
    DDC: 339.4/6
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armutsbekämpfung ; Entwicklung ; Welt ; Poverty ; Poor ; Economic development Social aspects ; Social policy ; Übersichtsarbeit ; Handbuch ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut
    Abstract: "The first of the UN Millennium Goals was to reduce extreme poverty and it was in 2014 halved compared to 1990, and now the goal is to eradicate poverty and hunger by 2030. The reduction in poverty is to a high degree the consequence of the rapid economic development in a few countries, especially China, but in many countries around the globe poverty is still high and influencing societies' overall development. It is against this background that this Handbook provides an up to date analysis and overview of the topic from a large variety of theoretical and methodological angles. Organized into four sections, the Handbook provides knowledge on what poverty is, how it has developed, and what type of policies might be able to succeed in reducing poverty. The first section investigates conceptual issues and relates concepts to people's relative position in society and the understanding of justice. The second section shows how poverty has developed. It will combine existing empirical knowledge with regional/national understanding of the issue of poverty. The third section analyses policies and interventions with the aim of reducing or alleviating poverty within a national as well as global context. It will and intends to include a variety of countries and examples. The last section tells us what can be done about poverty, what instruments are available to end poverty as we know it today. This volume will be an invaluable reference book for students and scholars throughout the social sciences, particularly in sociology, social policy, public policy, development studies, international relations and politics"--
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 177
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : New York University Press
    ISBN: 9781479806867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 223 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Critical Perspectives on Youth Band 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.235086/942
    RVK:
    Keywords: Accentuated Conformism;Agency;Appearances;Aspirations;Bodily Capital;Cultural Mimicry;Cultural Production;Culture;Dignity;Drug Use;Embourgeoisement;Face;Face Game;Face Rules;Family Support;Feminization of Work;Hard Work;Hegemony;Horizontal Exchange Networks;Incremental Mobility;Inequality ; Informal Work ; Kelās ; Masculinity ; Moral Capital ; Moral Pollution ; Moral Purity ; Moral Self ; Morality ; Pre-Existing Resources ; Resistance ; Risk-Taking ; Ritual Action ; Sari ; Satellite Television ; Self Sufficiency ; Sexual Cleanliness ; Social Capital ; Social Media ; Social Mobility ; Social Ties ; Socioeconomic Mobility ; Status ; Street Smarts ; Symbolic Boundaries ; Tastemaking ; Tehran ; The Gaze ; Vertical Exchange Networks ; Youth ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social ; Poor youth ; Poverty ; Youth Economic conditions ; Youth Social conditions ; Armut ; Heranwachsender ; Soziale Situation ; Erwachsener ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Iran ; Iran ; Heranwachsender ; Erwachsener ; Armut ; Soziale Situation ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: An inside look at young Iranians navigating poverty and stigma in a time of crisis In Coming of Age in Iran, Manata Hashemi takes readers inside the lives of Iranian youth. Drawing on first-hand accounts, Hashemi shows how the young Iranian men and women known as the "burnt generation"—those between the ages of 15 and 29, who came of age after Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution—face their future prospects.With a compassionate eye, Hashemi paints a nuanced portrait of their day-to-day struggles in Iran. Hashemi spent months with these youth, observing them at bazaars, hair salons, parks, and mosques, tutoring them in English and sharing meals in their family homes. Many young Iranian men and women are jobless, living with their parents, and delaying marriage, ultimately failing to meet what they consider the traditional benchmarks of adulthood. Hashemi follows their stories, one by one, as they try to climb up the proverbial ladder of success.Coming of Age in Iran sheds light on the inner lives of a new generation of Iranian youth as they struggle in the face of ongoing economic crisis
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 178
    ISBN: 9783839452547
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 214 Seiten , Dispersionsbindung, 1 SW-Abbildung, 19 Farbabbildungen
    Series Statement: Global Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fink, Michaela, 1973- Namibias Kinder
    DDC: 305.23086942096881
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kind ; Armut ; Verwundbarkeit ; Lebensbedingungen ; Kind ; Waisenkind ; Namibia ; Namibia ; (Produktform)Electronic book text ; (Zielgruppe)Fachpublikum/ Wissenschaft ; Waisen ; Kinder ; Armut ; Obdachlosigkeit ; Windhoek ; Ländlicher Raum ; Stadt ; Postkolonialismus ; Afrika ; Katutura ; Zivilgesellschaft ; Globalisierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Gesellschaft ; Ethnologie ; Jugend ; Orphans ; Children ; Poverty ; Rural Area ; City ; Postcolonialism ; Africa ; Civil Society ; Globalization ; Social Inequality ; Society ; Ethnology ; Youth ; (BIC subject category)JFFS ; (BIC subject category)JFSP2 ; (VLB-WN)9752 ; Namibia ; (DDC Deutsch 22)300 ; (BISAC Subject Heading)SOC002010 ; (BIC subject category)JHMC ; Namibia ; Kind ; Armut ; Verwundbarkeit ; Lebensbedingungen
    URL: Cover
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  • 179
    ISBN: 9783839451168
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (365 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Kultur und soziale Praxis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Huber, Elisabeth, 1983 - Armut und Umweltschutz
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Wien
    DDC: 305.56909662
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Stadtbevölkerung ; Armut ; Lebensstil ; Umweltschutz ; Abwasser ; Abfall ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Cities and towns ; Environmental policy ; Incentives in conservation of natural resources ; Pollution ; Poverty ; Poverty - Environmental aspects ; Sewage - Environmental aspects ; Urban poor ; Case studies ; Westafrika ; Burkina Faso ; Mali ; Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou ; Mali - Bamako ; West Africa ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Bamako ; Ouagadougou ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Verhalten ; Alltag ; Armut ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Abwasserbeseitigung
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 303-331
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Image
    URL: Image
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 180
    ISBN: 9783839451168
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 368 Seiten , Klebebindung, 3 Farbabbildungen, 4 SW-Abbildungen
    Series Statement: Kultur und soziale Praxis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Huber, Elisabeth, 1983- Armut und Umweltschutz
    DDC: 305.56909662
    Keywords: Umweltbewusstsein ; Verhalten ; Alltag ; Armut ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Abwasserbeseitigung ; Umweltschutz ; Potenzialwall ; Sozialraum ; Armut ; Bamako ; Ouagadougou ; Westafrika ; (Produktform)Electronic book text ; (Zielgruppe)Fachpublikum/ Wissenschaft ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Handlungstheorie ; Urbaner Raum ; Westafrika ; Burkina Faso ; Mali ; Postkolonialismus ; Umweltverschmutzung ; Umweltschutz ; Recht Auf Stadt ; Infrastruktur ; Wohnraum ; Lebensbedingungen ; Bevölkerung ; Abfallentsorgung ; Abwasserentsorgung ; Solidargemeinschaft ; Stadtplanung ; Ethnologie ; Umweltsoziologie ; Urban Studies ; Stadt ; Natur ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Poverty ; Environmental Awareness ; Urban Space ; West Africa ; Postcolonialism ; Environment Protection ; Right To City ; Infrastructure ; Living Space ; Living Conditions ; Population ; Waste Disposal ; Mutually Supportive ; Urban Planning ; Ethnology ; Environmental Sociology ; City ; Nature ; Social Inequality ; (BIC subject category)RNT ; (BIC subject category)JFSG ; (VLB-WN)9752 ; Armut ; (DDC Deutsch 22)300 ; (BISAC Subject Heading)SOC002010 ; (BIC subject category)JHMC ; Hochschulschrift ; Bamako ; Ouagadougou ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Verhalten ; Alltag ; Armut ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Abwasserbeseitigung
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  • 181
    ISBN: 9781912147960
    Language: English
    Pages: 383 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Harrison, Ellie Homes and haunts ; Sustainable living ; Well-being ; Income distribution ; Poverty
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  • 182
    Book
    Book
    Manchester : Manchester University Press
    ISBN: 9781526133830 , 9780719089145
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 200 Seiten , Diagramme, Karten , 25 cm
    Edition: First published paperback edition
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Ländlicher Raum ; Karnataka ; Indien ; National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (India ; National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (India ; India ; Rural conditions ; India, South ; India ; India, South ; Poverty ; Poverty ; India ; Rural conditions ; Social classes ; Social classes ; India ; Social sciences and state ; Social sciences and state ; India ; National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (India) ; Rural poor / India ; Poverty / India ; Social classes / India ; Social sciences and state / India ; India / Rural conditions ; India, South ; Karnataka ; Ländlicher Raum ; Armut ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Indien
    Abstract: Introduction: poverty and the poor -- A class-relational approach -- Labour, state and civil society in rural India -- Changing dynamics of exploitation in rural South India -- Dynamics of domination in rural South India: class relations at the state-society interface -- Social policy and class relations: the case of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme -- The neoliberalisation of civil society: community-based organisations, contractor NGOs and class relations -- Organisations of labouring class women -- Conclusion: poverty and class
    Abstract: "Behind India's high recent growth rates lies a story of societal conflict that is scarcely talked about. Across production sites, state institutions and civil society organisations, the dominant and less well-off sections of society are engaged in a protracted conflict that determines the material conditions of one quarter of the world's 'poor'. Increasingly mobile, and often engaged in multiple occupations in multiple locations, India's 'classes of labour' are highly segmented, but far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Drawing on detailed fieldwork in rural South India over more than a decade, the book uses a 'class-relational' approach that focuses on 'the poor's' iniquitous relations with others, and views class in terms of contested social relations rather than structural locations marked by particular characteristics. The book explores continuity and change amongst forms of accumulation, exploitation and domination in three interrelated arenas of class relations: labour relations, the state and civil society. Marginal gains for labour derived from structural change are contested by capital, local state institutions and state poverty reduction programmes tend to be controlled by the dominant class, and civil society organisations tend to reproduce rather than challenge the status quo. On the other hand, elements of state policy have the capacity to improve the material conditions of 'the poor' where such ends are actively pursued by labouring class organisations. It is argued that social policy currently provides the most fertile terrain for redistributing power and resources to the labouring class, and may clear the way for more fundamental transformations." -- Publisher's description
    Note: Includes bibliographic references (pages 166-190) and index
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  • 183
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Environment ; Inequality ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rainfall ; Resilience
    Abstract: The Sudanese economy has faced several shocks over the years, sometimes resulting in devastating impacts on the economy and the welfare of Sudanese households. The sources of these shocks vary, ranging from weather-related shocks such as droughts and floods to the global financial crisis and commodity price hikes. In the absence of effective social protection programs, exposure of households to frequent shocks lowers their ability to escape poverty, pushing households slightly above the poverty line back into poverty and sliding poor households deeper into poverty. This paper applies this framework to examine the impact of shocks on the welfare of Sudanese households and explore coping strategies typically utilized by households to mitigate the negative effects of shocks. The paper uses the 2009 National Baseline Household Survey (NBHS) and the 2014-15 National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) to document the main types of shocks that Sudanese households are exposed to and describe the profile of Sudanese households likely to be vulnerable and/or resilient to shocks. To complement this analysis, the paper uses the most recent round of the data collected in 2014/15 (containing information on idiosyncratic shocks) together with data on covariate shocks such as rainfall and conflict obtained from other sources to estimate the impact of shocks on household welfare. Since the impact of shocks on household welfare is likely to be multidimensional, various indicators of household welfare such as consumption, poverty status, assets, dietary quality, and diversity are considered in the paper. Results from the analysis are used to highlight the state of social protection in Sudan and discuss the need for an expansion of the existing system
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  • 184
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy and Poverty Alleviation ; Energy Policies and Economics ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper investigates the distributional direct welfare impact on households resulting from fuel subsidy removal. Note that this analysis focuses only on the direct distributional impact. A fuller understanding of the impact of fuel subsidies removal involves analyzing the indirect impact as well. Unfortunately, analysis of the distributional effect of fuel subsidies removal or fuel price increases is heavily constrained by the lack of appropriate data in Sudan. We do not have access to the relevant input-output table that describes the number of monetary transfers between sectors of the economy, making it impossible to simulate the indirect effect of fuel price increases on prices in other sectors. Therefore, the estimated impacts in this paper should be considered as the lower bound of the potential impact, as the overall impact will be higher when indirect impacts are factored. The paper is organized as follows. Section two examines the empirical evidence on the impact of fuel subsidy removal. Section three discusses the methodology and data used in this study. Section four presents an analysis of the welfare impact of fuel subsidies removal. Section 5, the conclusion, provides some suggestions on the way forward. The results from this work would inform policy dialogue with the Government of Sudan regarding the overall economic reforms that are being considered for stabilization of the economy
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  • 185
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Education ; Food Security ; Gender ; Incentives ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Using the most recent household survey data, this paper examines the characteristics of Sudan's labor market as it relates to poverty outcomes. Several important aspects of the labor market are analyzed, including the relationship between labor market indicators and the demographic structure of the population, geographic location, education, and gender. It highlights the significant differences in labor market outcomes depending on the structure and distribution of the population and Sudan's labor market's many challenges across different dimensions, including demography, gender, and geography. The four key messages can be summarized as follows: first, Sudan is at the verge of entering the earl-dividend stage of the demographic transition. Sudan's population, while still very young, is on track to enter into the early-dividend stage of the demographic transition within just a few years, raising the stakes for job creation and investment in human capita. Second, while we find evidence for an increase in employment and labor force participation at the national level, this increase seems to be driven by seasonal labor in agriculture and increasing economic hardship, respectively. In urban areas, however, unemployment increased sharply, especially among youth. And despite the overall increase in employment and labor force participation, Sudan's labor market still underperforms in comparison to its peers. Third, Sudan's labor market is characterized by large gender disparities, including in terms of employment opportunities and pay. Finally, we find no signs of the beginnings of a structural transformation over the time-period author study; agriculture remains the mainstay of a large majority of employed Sudanese. Rather, labor productivity and real wages outside of agriculture declined markedly between 2009 and 2014, especially in sectors with links to the oil economy. The paper offers policy insights to enhance the role of the labor market in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity in Sudan, key among which are 1) encouraging private sector growth, 2) overcoming gender discrimination in the labor market, 3) investing in agriculture and re-storing price incentives, and 4) further expanding access to quality education
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  • 186
    ISBN: 9781946511409 , 1946511404
    Language: English
    Pages: 119 Seiten , 26 cm
    Series Statement: Boston Review forum 9
    Series Statement: Boston review Forum
    DDC: 339.4/6
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Radicalism 21st century ; Farmers Political activity 21st century ; Rural poor Political activity ; Poverty ; Rural poor Interviews ; United States Rural conditions
    Abstract: Editors' note /Deborah Chasman & Joshua Cohen --Forum :Left elsewhere /Elizabeth Catte --Forum responses.Why institutions drive change /Michael Kazin --Class matters /Nancy Isenberg --Last steep ascent /Bob Moser --Legacies of resistance /Ash-Lee Woodard Henderson --Left behind /Elaine C. Kamarck --Don't blame capitalism /Matt Stoller --Radical history of Appalachian women activists /Jessica Wilkerson --Queer in rural America /Hugh Ryan --Selling progress in Appalachia /Ruy Teixeira --What we talk about when we talk about the working class /Elizabeth Catte --Essays.Teachers with guns /Thomas Baxter --Most radical city on the planet /Makani Themba --What activists know about fighting the opioid crisis /Lesly-Marie Buer --Every crucifixion needs a witness /William J. Barber II interviewed by Toussaint Loiser --Bad neighbors /Robin McDowell.
    Abstract: ""Rural spaces," writes Elizabeth Catte, author of What You Are Getting Wrong About Appalachia, "are often thought of as places absent of things, from people of color to modern amenities to radical politics. The truth, as usual, is more complicated." With activists, historians, and political scientists as guides, Left Elsewhere explores the radical politics of rural America--its past, its priorities, and its moral commitments--that mainstream progressives overlook. This volume shows how these communities are fighting, and winning, some of the left's biggest battles. From novel health care initiatives in the face of the opioid crisis to living wages for teachers, these struggles do not fall neatly into the "puny language," as Rev. William Barber says, of Democrat or Republican. Instead they help us rethink the rural-urban opposition at the heart of U.S. politics. The future of the left, this collection argues, could be found elsewhere."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: "William J. Barber, Nancy Isenberg, Ruy Teixeira and Matt Stoller"--Cover
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  • 187
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer
    ISBN: 9789811334320
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 259 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Themes in Economics: Theory, Empirics, and Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.1
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Social Choice/Welfare Economics/Public Choice/Political Economy ; Development Economics ; Development Aid ; Politics of the Welfare State ; Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Welfare economics ; Development economics ; Poverty ; Welfare state ; Social structure ; Social inequality ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Stochastische Dominanz ; Einkommensdisparität ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Einkommensdisparität ; Stochastische Dominanz ; Geschichte
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 188
    ISBN: 9781789205343
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 312 Seiten, 12 ungezählte Seiten
    Edition: First paperback edition
    Series Statement: European anthropology in translation 6
    Series Statement: European anthropology in translation
    Uniform Title: Łowcy, zbieracze, praktycy niemocy
    DDC: 331.13709438
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    Keywords: Unemployment ; Poverty ; Post-communism ; Poland Social conditions ; Polen ; Postkommunismus ; Armut ; Sozialer Wandel ; Sozialgeschichte 1989-2009
    Note: Quellen und Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 278-302. - Register
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  • 189
    ISBN: 9781789201765 , 1789201764 , 9781789201772
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 278 Seiten
    Edition: First published
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking and unthinking development
    DDC: 338.968
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Südafrika ; Simbabwe ; Economic development Social aspects ; Economic development Social aspects ; Equality ; Equality ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Südafrika ; Zimbabwe African National Union ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Theory, concepts and discourse
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 190
    ISBN: 9781538116487 , 9781538116470
    Language: English
    Pages: v, 199 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polarized cities
    DDC: 305.5/2340951091732
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban poor ; Poverty ; Rich people ; Wealth ; Social classes ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Stadt ; Armut ; Reichtum ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Introduction: state policies, castes, and agency / Dorothy J. Solinger -- Polarization: scope, causes, manifestations -- China's uphill battle against inequality / Wang Feng -- Convergence and divergence among the rich and the poor / Li Zhang -- Portraits of the urban poor -- Banish the impoverished past : the predicament of the abandoned urban poor / Dorothy J. Solinger -- The passionate poor : foxconn workers invited as volunteers / Mun Young Cho -- On the rough edge of prosperity : informal migrant recyclers in Beijing / Joshua Goldstein -- The upper reaches of the urban rich -- China's party kings: Shanghai club cultures and status consumption, 1920s-2010s / Andrew David Field and James Farrer -- Corruption : anti-corruption, and the dynamics of class formation in post-Mao China / John Osburg -- Conclusion: urban polarities : inequality, social mobility, and the role of the state / David S. G. Goodman -- Index -- About the contributors
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 191
    ISBN: 9781789971583 , 1789971586
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 316 Seiten ; , 23 cm.
    Series Statement: Africa in development 16
    Series Statement: Africa in development
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Morocco / Fès ; Self-employed women / Morocco / Fès / Case studies ; Informal sector (Economics) / Morocco / Fès / Case studies ; Women / Morocco / Fès / Economic conditions / Case studies ; Poverty / Morocco / Fès / Case studies ; Feminism / Morocco / Fès / Case studies ; Feminism ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Poverty ; Self-employed women ; Women / Economic conditions ; Économie souterraine / Maroc / Fès (Maroc) / Études de cas ; Travailleuses indépendantes / Maroc / Fès (Maroc) / Études de cas ; Femmes / Conditions sociales / Maroc / Fès (Maroc) / Études de cas ; Femmes pauvres / Maroc / Fès (Maroc) / Études de cas ; Case studies
    Note: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework -- , Methodology -- , Women and Self-employment in the City of Fez -- , The Contribution of Womenʼs Self-employment in the City of Fez to Poverty Reduction -- , Womenʼs Self-employment and Emancipation -- , Difficulties and Perspectives of Womenʼs Self-employment -- , Conclusion and Recommendations --
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  • 192
    ISBN: 9780796924421 , 0796924422
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 326 Seiten , Diagramme , 24 cm
    DDC: 305.5690968
    Keywords: Armut ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Soziale Lage ; Südafrika ; Equality ; Poverty ; Poor ; Armut ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Bekämpfung ; Maßnahme ; Steuerpolitik ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Bildung ; Erziehung ; Südafrika ; Sammelwerk ; Armut ; Gleichheit ; Neue Armut
    Abstract: While the world has seen a decline in absolute poverty, it has also seen a simultaneous rise in economic inequality. This is the case in all of the major economies as well as in emerging ones, including South Africa. Is there a South African explanation of poverty and inequality that is distinctive and different from an explanation of poverty and inequality that would be used in other contexts and countries? What are the familiar constants that characterise the interdependence of this ubiquitous pairing? How can the discussion on poverty and inequality be taken forward? Is wealth taxation a viable instrument to reduce wealth inequality in South Africa? In Poverty and Inequality: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Responses, the authors explore these and many others gritty questions as they analyse the complexity of poverty and inequality beyond an over-determination of the concepts by the economic or the wealth index in South Africa. -- Publisher's description
    Note: Literaturverzeichnisse, Index , South Africa 2018 : the state of the discussion on poverty and inequality , South African inequalities in a global perspective , Poverty and inequality : South Africa in a continental context , South Africa and the struggle for international equality , Post-apartheid inequality and the long shadow of history , Poverty and rights : philosophical, historical and jurisprudential perspectives , Realising socioeconomic rights : a reconceptualised constitutional dialogue , 'Accounting' for migrants in inequality and the future : the distance to openness , Wealth taxation as an instrument to reduce wealth inequality in South Africa , Tradition meets modernity : Bafokeng approaches to overcoming poverty and inequality , Indebtedness and aspiration in South Africa , The National Development Plan as a response to poverty and inequality in South Africa , Upgrading informal trading : impacts on livelihoods and cohesion in Khayelitsha , Abstract human right or material practice? : Academic freedom in an unequal society , Beyond the campus gate : higher education and place-based development in South Africa
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  • 193
    ISBN: 9783658276218
    Language: German
    Pages: XII, 357 Seiten , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien 2019
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Aging ; Development Aid ; Aging / Research ; Poverty ; Armut ; Wohnen ; Gesundheit ; Alltag ; Sozialer Kontakt ; Einkommen ; Alter ; Wien ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Wien ; Alter ; Armut ; Einkommen ; Gesundheit ; Sozialer Kontakt ; Wohnen ; Alltag
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 194
    Book
    Book
    Halifax : Fernwood Publishing
    ISBN: 9781773631806 , 1773631802
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 203 Seiten , 23 cm
    Edition: Issued also in electronic formats
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Weinberg, Paul, 1960- When poverty mattered
    DDC: 362.50971
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Public welfare ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poor Services for ; Poverty Political aspects ; Equality ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Equality ; Poor ; Services for ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Political aspects ; Public welfare ; Canada
    Abstract: 1. Poverty is Rediscovered. The War on Poverty in Canada ; The Culture of Poverty Thesis ; The Special Planning Secretariat -- 2. Pierre Trudeau's Ambivalence about Poverty. Concerns about the Consequences of Inaction ; A New Generation of Civil Servants -- 3. The Media and Poverty. The New Poor ; What Made The Poverty Wall Different? -- 4. Praxis and Its Contribution. Getting Off the Ground ; Praxis's Brown Bag Lunches ; Meet Howard Buchbinder ; Gerry Hunnius and the Workers Control Project -- 5. Other Poverty Initiatives. The Poverty Project ; Changing the Social Planning Council ; The Just Society Movement ; Hamilton Welfare Rights Organization -- 6. Opposition and Surveillance. The Extra Parliamentary Opposition ; RCMP Surveillance ; A Columnist Goes After Praxis -- 7. An Unsolved Crime, a Journalist's Secrets and the Suspected Burglars. The Break-In ; The Poor People's Conference ; CMHC and the Challenges of Staying Afloat -- 8. The Dirty Tricks Scandal. McDonald Inquiry Concerning ; Certain Activities of the RCMP ; Parallels with a Quebec Break-In ; Panic at the Security Service ; Freelance Operation? ; Role of the Edmund Burke Society ; To Sue or Not to Sue -- 9. The Clashing Poverty Reports. Report of the Special Senate Committee on Poverty ; The Real Poverty Report -- 10. The Povery File Today. The Security Angle ; Recalling the Praxis Legacy -- Afterword: Picking Up the Pieces.
    Abstract: "Founded in Toronto in 1968, the Praxis Corporation was a progressive research institute mandated to spark political discussion about a range of social issues, such as poverty, homelessness, anti-war activism, community activism and worker organization. Deemed a radical threat by the Canadian state, Praxis was put under rcmp surveillance. In 1970, Praxis's office was burgled and burned to the ground. No arrests were made, but internal documents and records stolen from Praxis ended up in the hands of the rcmp Security Service. All this occurred as Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government shifted away from social spending and poverty reduction towards the economic regime of austerity and neoliberalism that we have today. In When Poverty Mattered, Paul Weinberg combines insights gleaned from internal government documents, access to information requests and investigative journalism to provide both a history of radical politics in 1960s Canada and an illustration of misdeeds and dirty tricks the Canadian government orchestrated in order to disrupt activist organizations fighting for a more just society."--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 184-194) and index , Issued also in electronic formats.
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658276225
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 357 S. 6 Abb)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2019
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Aging Research ; Poverty
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  • 196
    ISBN: 9782821211360 , 2821211368
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 pages , color portraits and illustrations , 28 cm
    DDC: 305.23
    Keywords: Child activists Juvenile literature ; Pollution Juvenile literature ; Human ecology Juvenile literature ; Poverty Juvenile literature ; Human ecology ; Pollution ; Poverty ; Juvenile works
    Abstract: "Ce sont des enfants venus des quatre coins du monde, des enfants qui se battent pour défendre leurs convictions. Ils s'appellent José Adolfo, Arthur, Aïssatou, Heena, Peter, Kevin, Jocelyn, Khloe et Micah. Jamais ils ne se sont dit qu'ils étaient trop jeunes, trop faibles, trop isolés pour se lever contre l'injustice ou les violences. Découvre leurs incroyables histoires dans cet album rempli d'infos! Tu pourras ainsi en apprendre plus sur la situation des enfants dans le monde, sur l'écologie, sur l'engagement... Avec, en plus, sept portraits inédits d'enfants qui, eux aussi, ont trouvé la force de mener leurs combats pour un avenir meilleur." --
    Abstract: "They are children from all over the world, children who fight to defend their convictions. Their names are José Adolfo, Arthur, Aïssatou, Heena, Peter, Kevin, Jocelyn, Khloe and Micah. They never told themselves that they were too young, too weak, too isolated to stand up against injustice or violence. Discover their incredible stories! You will be able to learn more about the situation of children in the world, ecology, commitment ... With, in addition, seven new portraits of children who, too, have found the strength to lead their fighting for a better future." –
    Note: Zielgruppe - Audience: Enfants (9-12 ans) , "D'après le film "Demain est à nous" de Gilles de Maistre par Mai-Juin Productions et Echo Studio en 2019." -- French cataloger's judgment , Based on the documentary film "Demain est à nous" by Gilles de Maistre, by Mai-Juin Productions and Echo Studio, made in 2019 , In French
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  • 197
    ISBN: 9781250215789
    Language: English
    Pages: 271 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First Picador edition
    DDC: 362.5/60285
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Poor Services for ; Data processing ; Poverty ; Public welfare Law and legislation ; Internet Social aspects ; Computers Social aspects ; Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ; Technische Innovation ; Digitale Spaltung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Technische Innovation ; Digitale Spaltung ; Verteilungsgerechtigkeit
    Note: With a new afterword (Auf dem Buchumschlag) , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 231-256 , Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 198
    ISBN: 9783658153281
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 344 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kultur ; Gesellschaft ; Soziologe ; Politik ; Resilienz ; Poverty ; Resilience ; Security ; Social Constructedness of Resilience ; Sociological Theory ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Resilienz ; Soziologe ; Kultur ; Gesellschaft ; Politik ; Resilienz
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 199
    ISBN: 9780190947361
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 915 Seiten , Diagramme , 25 cm
    Edition: First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback
    DDC: 305.569
    RVK:
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty Social aspects ; Social justice ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Enzyklopädie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Enzyklopädie ; Armut ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Handbuch
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 200
    ISBN: 9783658276225
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 357 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien 2019
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Aging ; Development Aid ; Aging / Research ; Poverty ; Einkommen ; Armut ; Alter ; Alltag ; Wohnen ; Gesundheit ; Sozialer Kontakt ; Wien ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Wien ; Alter ; Armut ; Einkommen ; Gesundheit ; Sozialer Kontakt ; Wohnen ; Alltag
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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