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  • World Bank Group  (168)
  • Information and Communication Technologies  (91)
  • Adaptation To Climate Change  (81)
  • 1
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    Diversification through the Application of the Co-evolutionary Framework : Korea and Viet Nam (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Co-Evolutionary Framework ; Diversification ; Economic Growth ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principle Of Relatedness ; Technology-Based ; Co-evolutionary Framework ; Diversification ; Principle Of Relatedness ; Technology-based
    Abstract: This research examines the diversification process by conceptualizing a co-evolutionary framework linking production and technology. The study applies the framework to retrospectively explain Korea's successful diversification path and to Viet Nam to identify how the country could further diversify into complex and value-added products. The authors apply relatedness analysis leveraging patent and trade data and present four different types of diversification patterns, namely unrelated diversification, production-based diversification, technology-based diversification, and complex diversification. Developed countries including Korea shifted toward technology-based or complex diversification strategies as their economies developed. Using a simulated scenario approach, the report outlines potential future trajectories wherein Viet Nam attains technological capabilities. The result shows that Viet Nam can diversify into 233 products if it accumulates capabilities in the 12 identified technologies. The report concludes with policy lessons that could inform policy makers in Viet Nam as well as other developing economies. Namely, that the country would need to invest more intensively in technology and capabilities upgrading to diversify into new complex products and evolve its diversification strategy alongside its economic growth and capability building process
    DOI: 10.1596/41312
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    The World Bank Group in Papua New Guinea : Country Program Evaluation, Fiscal Years 2008-23 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; Gender Based Violence ; Gender Equality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nonextractive Sectors ; Resilience ; Gender Based Violence ; Gender Equality ; Nonextractive Sectors ; Resilience ; Sdg 5
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea has abundant resources in the form of oil and mineral wealth. But a complex set of factors, including systemic gender inequality, underinvestment in non-extractive sectors, and fragility compounded by vulnerability to disasters caused by natural hazards act as barriers to sustainable and inclusive growth of the country. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group support to Papua New Guinea between fiscal year FY08 and FY23. It assesses the Bank Group's development effectiveness in addressing the above three core themes, namely: (i) lack of investment in Papua New Guinea's non-extractive sectors and their poor performance, (ii) the economic exclusion of women and gender-based violence (GBV) issues associated with it, and (iii) unmitigated risks of disaster from natural hazards, and violence, and conflict. The report answers three specific questions. The first explores the extent to which the Bank Group adapted its engagement in line with key constraints, including in relation to development partners, changes in country context, and lessons from experience. The second focuses on the results of Bank Group support and explanatory factors for results under each them, answered by applying a gender lens where relevant. The third question explores the extent to which the Bank Group successfully identified and addressed conflict, violence, and disaster from natural hazards risks. The report offers key lessons to inform the World Bank Group's future engagement with the country: (i) Data gaps need to be addressed to inform sound policy making and effective programming in Papua New Guinea. (ii) Declining governance quality and increasing bilateral aid will require the World Bank to reassess how it supports key policy reforms to achieve development impact, including through using DPOs. (iii) The Bank Group could elevate its impact on gender equality and GBV by shifting from a project-centric approach to a strategic country engagement approach. (iv) The negative effects that compound and interrelated risks pose to achieving development aims need to be addressed more comprehensively
    DOI: 10.1596/41274
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  • 3
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    Liberia Country Climate Development Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines Liberia's development trajectory through the lens of the country's vulnerability to climate change. It identifies Liberia's development risks and opportunities, models various scenarios of climate impact and intervention, and proposes ways to strengthen resilience and finance climate actions that support Liberia's development aspirations of inclusive growth and poverty reduction
    DOI: 10.1596/41241
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  • 4
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    Our Digital Earth : Insights and Opportunities from the World Settlement Footprint (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Earth Observation ; Environment ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Disasters ; Natural Hazards ; World Settlement Footprint (WSF) ; Earth Observation ; Natural Hazards ; World Settlement Footprint (wsf)
    Abstract: Earth observation is a crucial source of accurate and up-to-date information of Earth's natural and manmade environments that are critical when planning for, responding to, and mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Satellites that regularly collect images of the entire globe combined--with machine learning algorithms to process them more efficiently--have the potential to provide timely, standardized, verifiable, and scalable information. This report focuses on the use of Earth observation to identify built-up areas exposed to natural hazards. It describes the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite of derived datasets, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Google Earth Engine team, and the World Bank. These gridded datasets capture the extent of built-up areas from 1985-2015 and again for 2019, estimated building heights, impervious surfaces, and estimated population. Earth observation derived information is particularly useful for standardized and recurring World Bank operations. The report looks at several World Bank operations, and the key insights provided through analysis incorporating the various WSF suite products
    DOI: 10.1596/41229
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  • 5
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    Resilience Rating System : A Methodology for Building and Tracking Resilience to Climate Change - Synthesizing Key Lessons from IDA19 Piloting (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Environment ; IDA19 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rating System ; Resilience ; RRS ; Climate Change ; Ida19 ; Rating System ; Resilience ; Rrs
    Abstract: In response to the growing recognition that measuring inputs, such as climate finance, is not enough to capture the impacts of investments, the World Bank Group developed the Resilience Rating System (RRS). Developed over a two-year, multi-sectoral consultative process through close collaboration with internal and external actors, the RRS methodology aims to guide investment decisions and improve climate resilience in project design and outcomes. The methodology report is publicly available. The RRS evaluates and rates investment projects from C to A+, based on their resilience attributes in two complementary dimensions. The resilience of rating considers a project's design, reflecting the confidence that it will achieve its expected objectives and maximize development benefits in the face of climate and disaster risks. The resilience through rating considers a project's outcomes and reflects its contribution to improving climate resilience in the broader community, sector and systems, and to driving transformational adaptation. Combining the two dimension ratings provides an overall project rating, from CC to A+A+
    DOI: 10.1596/41225
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  • 6
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    Measuring the Emissions and Energy Footprint of the ICT Sector : Implications for Climate Action (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789261385415
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Digitalization ; Energy Footprint ; Environment ; GHG ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; ICT Sector ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Carbon Emissions ; Digitalization ; Energy Footprint ; Ghg ; Ict Sector
    Abstract: Digitalization is increasing rapidly worldwide, requiring more energy, and resulting in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) two thirds of the world's population are now online. Estimates of the internet and communication technology (ICT) sector's share of global carbon emissions vary across the literature ranging from 1.5 to 4 percent. Based on the data and estimates in this report at least 1.7 percent of global emissions stem from the ICT sector. Meanwhile, one-third of the world's population, or 2.6 billion people, remain unconnected to the internet. The large majority, about 94 percent, live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and less than 20 percent of LMICs have modern data infrastructure, such as co-location data centers and access to cloud computing. Connecting people in these countries will require more infrastructure and devices, which will further increase demand for scarce energy resources and drive emissions even higher if targeted interventions are not implemented. The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizing energy use and emissions, the greenhouse gas protocol corporate standard. Second, the report addresses the policy and regulatory implications inferred from this data and the examination of these issues through several country case studies
    DOI: 10.1596/41238
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  • 7
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    Better Internet for All Filipinos : Reforms Promoting Competition and Increasing Investment for Broadband Infrastructure - A Policy Note (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Broadband Infrastructure ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Outdated Legal Frameworks ; Broadband Infrastructure ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; Internet ; Outdated Legal Frameworks
    Abstract: Equitable access to broadband services is imperative to narrow the digital divide and for more people to benefit from digitalization. Compared to other ASEAN countries, the Philippines' internet connectivity lags in affordability, speed, and access, creating an uneven landscape for digital participation. Limited internet access curbs digital potential for citizens and businesses, with peri-urban connectivity being critical to future growth. The country's poor broadband infrastructure is rooted in outdated policy frameworks that stifle investment in rural areas and foster a market with weak competition, both of which hinder broadband expansion. Binding constraints underlying the Philippines' poor broadband infrastructure are inter-related, requiring a comprehensive package of reforms to yield desired entry, investment, and sector performance outcomes. The open access in data transmission (OADT) bill is a promising, viable start, among several proposals in Congress. Policymakers can build on immediate reforms through the open access bill as an entry point to broader and medium- to longer-term digital connectivity agenda. The cost of inaction - loss of growth opportunity, people remaining unequipped for future jobs, and widening of the digital divide - is too high for the Philippines
    DOI: 10.1596/40924
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  • 8
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    The Gambia Economic Update, Spring 2024 : Jumpstarting Inclusive and Sustained Growth (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Fiscal Aspects of Green Growth ; Inclusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; SDG 13 ; SDG 8 ; Tourism ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Decent Work And Economic Growth ; Fiscal Aspects Of Green Growth ; Inclusive Growth ; Sdg 13 ; Sdg 8 ; Tourism
    Abstract: Jumpstarting sustained and inclusive growth is the only way to improve the living conditions of the Gambians. Heightened global and regional uncertainties coupled with vulnerability climate shocks cloud the economic outlook, making efforts to improve the living conditions of the Gambians more challenging. The tightening of financing conditions has led to higher borrowing costs, exacerbating debt vulnerability although increased grants financing helped mitigate fiscal risks while supporting economic activity. The Gambia needs to maintain prudent macro-fiscal policies to build fiscal space, enhance its capacity to absorb shocks, especially in the context of the end of the debt deferral and overlapping external shocks. Fiscal consolidation efforts started in 2023 should be maintained with accelerated revenue collection measures and rationalization of public spending, while preserving much-needed public services provision, investment, and pro-poor spending. Structural issues such as reliance on low-value added tourism, limited private sector development, and low productivity continue to affect the Gambia growth potential, calling and new growth model to enable economic opportunities for all Gambians
    DOI: 10.1596/41611
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  • 9
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    The Knowledge Compact for Action : Transforming Ideas Into Development Impact - For a World Free of Poverty on a Livable Planet (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Climate Change Impacts ; Communicable Diseases ; Environment ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Applications ; Inequality ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Innovation and Infrastructure ; International Governmental Organizations ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1 ; SDG 17 ; SDG 9 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Technology and Innovation ; Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Sdg 1 ; Sdg 17 ; Sdg 9 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Technology And Innovation
    Abstract: Today's global challenges are bigger, more complex, and more intertwined than ever before, from the relentless grip of poverty and stubborn persistence of inequality to the devastations caused by climate disasters, fragility, pandemics, and conflicts. Financing and investments alone cannot solve these problems in a global context of higher debt and scarce resources. Now more than ever, clients are demanding innovative ideas and successful experiences from other countries to tackle the ongoing and emerging global crises, regain the development progress of past decades and move faster towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, recent breakthroughs in technology, including the rapid advances in artificial intelligence, offer enormous potential to revolutionize development work. Policymakers and practitioners across the globe are poised to benefit from new tools to innovate, act based on evidence and accelerate the transformation of new ideas into development outcomes that improve lives of the poor. This paper articulates the strategic direction of the Knowledge Compact for Action, which seeks to empower all WBG clients, public and private, by systematically making the latest development knowledge available to respond more effectively to increasingly complex development challenges. The Compact seizes the opportunity of the digital revolution, bringing together the wealth of data analytics, research and best practices accumulated by the WBG over decades and combining this knowledge with the WBG's proven mix of public-private finance to power learning and innovative solutions. This includes capturing the tacit knowledge embedded in operations for policymakers and development practitioners to easily access lessons of development successes and failures in other countries. Ultimately, the Compact aims to take knowledge to a new level, placing it front and center of the WBG's work to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity on a livable planet
    DOI: 10.1596/41516
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  • 10
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    FY 2024 Chile Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Country Social Analysis ; Data-Driven City Management ; Governance ; Governance In Public Sector ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Governmental Organizations ; Partnership For The Goals ; Public Sector Survey Design ; SDG 17 ; Country Social Analysis ; Data-driven City Management ; Governance In Public Sector ; Partnership For The Goals ; Public Sector Survey Design ; Sdg 17
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Chile assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Chile perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Chile on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Chile; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Chile; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Chile; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Chile
    DOI: 10.1596/41604
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  • 11
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    Tools for Making Smart Investments in Prevention and Preparedness in Europe : From Data to Decisions (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Climate Change Impacts ; Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Resilience ; Emergency Response ; Environment ; Hazard Risk Management ; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; SDG 13 ; SDG 9 ; Urban Development ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Resilience ; Emergency Response ; Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure ; Sdg 13 ; Sdg 9
    Abstract: Europe's risk profile and projected climate change impacts, concentration of population, and aging infrastructure and assets call for urgent action to improve resilience. While European countries are taking major steps in enhancing disaster and climate resilience, catastrophic events reveal blind spots in critical sectors that provide emergency response services. Recent disaster events revealed significant knowledge gaps and the need to better understand the risks faced by critical sectors and what actions countries can take to systematically, yet efficiently, mitigate and manage these risks. This report helps close some of these gaps by providing guidance to decision-makers and practitioners on how to make focused and smart investments to increase the disaster and climate resilience of critical sectors. First, to inform EU-wide policy discussion and knowledge base, it highlights hotspots where assets emergency response buildings such as fire stations and emergency coordination centers were destroyed or severely damaged, along with ambulances, fire trucks, and search and rescue vehicles. Focused and smart investments are needed to strengthen and adapt critical sectors in Europe to disaster and climate risks
    DOI: 10.1596/41595
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  • 12
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    Enhancing Climate-Smart Outcomes from Livestock Systems : A How-To Guide Following the Project Cycle (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Livestock ; SDG 13 ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Livestock ; Sdg 13
    Abstract: The program on climate smart livestock (PCSL), jointly implemented by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), and the World Bank, aims to ensure that key actors in the livestock sector increasingly include climate-change adaptation and mitigation in their farming practices, sector strategies and investment projects. Building on lessons learned through the implementation of PCSL, the objectives of this guidance note are to: (1) enable project task teams from the World Bank and other institutions to enhance and track project contributions to climate-smart livestock outcomes; and (2) improve the capacity of project teams to leverage existing products and tools to support climate-smart livestock development. This guidance note can contribute to increasing the level of climate ambition (including through Paris Alignment) and to guiding investments from the World Bank and other International Financial Institutions (IFIs) towards more sustainable livestock portfolios. The note covers the three objectives of CSL: productivity enhancement, adaptation to climate change, and mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental impacts. Chapter 1 gives introduction. In chapter 2, each objective is described, and methodological elements are provided for assessing CSL performance, including relevant indicators. The next chapters provide guidance along the project cycle, starting with project preparation and then moving to implementation stage and evaluation. The annexes provide practical examples and templates to assist project teams in incorporating CSL into their practices
    DOI: 10.1596/41590
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  • 13
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    Valuing Climate Adaptation Helps Us Orient Our Compass Toward Effective and Resilient Pathways : Climate Adaptation Costing in a Changing World (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Climate Change Impacts ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Resilience ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Natural Resources Management ; SDG 13 ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Resilience ; Sdg 13
    Abstract: The impacts of climatic shocks are already being felt across Europe and are bound to intensify in line with further climate change. Even rapid and far-reaching progress on decarbonization cannot avoid the extent of climate change that is already locked in due to past emissions. These trends call for urgent climate adaptation investment strategies that can prepare countries for a wide range of climate hazards and their complex impacts across communities and economic sectors. However, formulating concrete investment strategies can be challenging as adaptation needs are vast and difficult to estimate. To overcome this challenge, this report reviews evidence-based prioritization and costing approaches and illustrates their application in a series of case studies. These approaches can support policy makers in identifying bankable and effective adaptation investments, raising and allocating adequate financing, and thus ultimately facilitating more effective climate change adaptation across Europe
    DOI: 10.1596/41594
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  • 14
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    Algeria Economic Update, Spring 2024 : Investing in Data for Diversified Growth (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Data Systems ; Economic Growth ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; SDG 8 ; SDG 9 ; Data Systems ; Economic Growth ; Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure ; Sdg 8 ; Sdg 9
    Abstract: Algeria's growth was robust in 2023, and inflation started to decelerate. GDP growth accelerated to 4.1 percent, supported by hydrocarbon sector growth, as natural gas production compensated for successive crude oil production quota cuts. Non-extractive GDP growth reached 3.7 percent as investment growth accelerated, supported by a marked recovery in public investment, and leading to a surge in imports. Private consumption remained dynamic, stimulated by growing public sector wages, and pulling sectors serving households. Inflation remained at 9.3 percent over 2023 but moderated to 5.0 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2024, amidst a sustained decline in fresh food prices, a strong dinar, and lower import prices. Continuing to strengthen data systems would support investment and public policymaking. In 2023 and 2024, digitalization efforts accelerated, as did efforts from the Bank of Algeria and ONS to strengthen their publications, with notably the first GDP rebasing. The alternative data sources used in this report, such as satellite data on crop development or nighttime lights, represent a useful complement to conventional economic and social statistics. Yet, improving the availability, granularity, and timeliness of official economic data, most notably relating to activity, investment, and the labor market, remains of utmost importance. Enhanced data systems would support the authorities' pivot towards performance-based budgeting and support evidence-based policymaking. They would also provide accurate and exhaustive economic data to researchers and analysts, potential domestic and international investors, alleviating economic uncertainty and fostering investment
    DOI: 10.1596/41591
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  • 15
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    Digital Economy Diagnostic : Equatorial Guinea (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Digital Economy Strategy ; Digital Finance ; Digitization ; E-Government ; Economic Growth Diagnostics ; Governance ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; SDG 9 ; Digital Economy Strategy ; Digital Finance ; Digitization ; Economic Growth Diagnostics ; Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure ; Sdg 9
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of Equatorial Guinea's digital economy, as part of the World Bank's Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) initiative. Prepared to support the implementation of the Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa, approved by the African Union in February 2020, the World Bank's DE4A Initiative aims to help drive Africa's digital transformation and sets out a bold vision to ensure that every African individual, business and government is digitally enabled by 2030. The initiative leverages an integrated and foundation-based diagnostic framework to examine the development of the digital economy across Africa. Based on this framework, this assessment provides a comprehensive overview of the five DE4A foundational elements in Equatorial Guinea: digital infrastructure, digital public platforms, digital financial services, digital businesses and digital skills
    DOI: 10.1596/41585
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  • 16
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    Scaling Up Global Partnerships : The AFD Group and the World Bank Group (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Affordable and Clean Energy ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Governance ; Governance In Public Sector ; Greenhouse Gas Accounting ; Growth From Emerging Markets ; International Governmental Organizations ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Poverty Reduction ; Reduced Inequalities ; SDG 1 ; SDG 10 ; SDG 13 ; SDG 16 ; SDG 17 ; SDG 7 ; Affordable And Clean Energy ; Climate Action ; Governance In Public Sector ; Greenhouse Gas Accounting ; Growth From Emerging Markets ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Peace, Justice And Strong Institutions ; Reduced Inequalities ; Sdg 1 ; Sdg 10 ; Sdg 13 ; Sdg 16 ; Sdg 17 ; Sdg 7
    Abstract: This document recognizes and celebrates the partnership between the AFD Group and the World Bank Group (WBG), which is a model of international development cooperation. The partnership is now scaling up to tackle the most pressing challenges of our time: climate change, poverty, and inequality. By joining forces and aligning efforts, the two institutions are addressing socioeconomic progress, building stability and security in fragile settings, investing in health and education to strengthen countries' human capital, and taking a strong and resolute stand on the climate crisis. The document summarizes the partnership between AFD Group and the World Bank Group, then highlights examples of successful collaboration at various levels of engagement from global and thematic to country and project levels. It concludes with suggestions to replicate and scale up the partnership's success. The partnership was ahead of its time and now serves as an exemplary model. At a time when the international development community is emphasizing the importance of partnerships to maximize the use of limited official development assistance (ODA) funds and shared global knowledge, the partnership stands out with its successful record of accomplishment for more than a decade
    DOI: 10.1596/41556
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  • 17
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    Sustainability Review 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Corporate Strategy, Scorecard, and Results Documents
    Keywords: Accountability ; Blue Economy ; Climate Change Action ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Digital Divide ; Digital Strategy ; Diversity and Inclusion ; Environment ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Governmental Organizations ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Wildlife Conservation ; Youth Employment ; Accountability ; Blue Economy ; Climate Change Action ; Digital Strategy ; Diversity And Inclusion ; Wildlife Conservation ; Youth Employment
    Abstract: The 2023 Sustainability Review is a reflection of how the World Bank embodies its core values of impact, integrity, respect, teamwork, and innovation. The Review highlights World Bank activities undertaken in fiscal 2022 and 2023 to manage the environmental, social, and economic impacts of internal business operations. The review complements the World Bank Annual Report 2023 and the World Bank Global Reporting Index (GRI) 2023
    DOI: 10.1596/41150
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  • 18
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    Global Labor Database User Manual : A Guide to Understanding, Using, and Interacting with the Global Labor Database (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: ICT Data and Statistics ; Industrial and Market Data and Reporting ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor Indicators ; Labor Markets ; Open-Source ; Social Protections and Labor ; Survey ; Transparency ; Gld ; Labor Indicators ; Open-source ; Survey ; Transparency
    Abstract: The Global Labor Database (GLD) is part of the World Bank initiatives to harmonize labor force surveys and household surveys with a relevant labor module. Its mission is to create an open and transparent harmonization with sufficient background information to allow data analysts to use, alter, and expand the harmonization. In this sense, background information goes beyond code, questionnaires, and reports, and includes documenting survey details learned during harmonization which are not recorded elsewhere. An example of this documenting changes to the currency or the administrative divisions. The GLD aims to be an open-source database, meaning that as much information should be accessible to as many people as possible. It also strives to be transparent, making all steps that create the harmonization traceable, from raw data acquisition to harmonized variable coding. Hence, all steps of the harmonization process are documented and made available, including the survey documentation, code and notes that allow users to fully comprehend the survey design and the choices made in the harmonization. The availability of the codes and documentation enables users to customize and add variables not in the GLD harmonization. Most harmonization efforts provide users with a take it or leave it option, but the GLD's open and transparent approach allows users to trace and deviate from the standard harmonization at any point, giving them a head start regardless of where they wish to jump inches Finally, the GLD follows up and expands on the previous initiative to harmonized household surveys, the International Income Distribution Database (I2D2). The I2D2 was superseded by the Global Monitoring Database (GMD), which however focused on household budget surveys and did not harmonize labor force surveys. The GLD was created to remedy this gap in the survey type coverage and complement it, with a stronger focus on labor market information through an expanded dictionary and more rigorous validation of labor indicators
    DOI: 10.1596/41613
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    FY 2024 Somalia Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Country Social Analysis ; Data-Driven City Management ; Governance ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Governmental Organizations ; Partnership For The Goals ; Public Sector Survey Design ; SDG 17 ; Country Social Analysis ; Data-driven City Management ; Partnership For The Goals ; Public Sector Survey Design ; Sdg 17
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Somalia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Somalia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Somalia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Somalia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Somalia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Somalia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Somalia
    DOI: 10.1596/41563
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  • 20
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    Climate Adaptation in Uzbekistan : Landscape Restoration Opportunities (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Climate Change Impacts ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Environment ; Land Administration ; Land and Housing Regulation ; Land Reform ; Land Registries ; Land Tenure ; Life on Land ; Natural Resources Management ; Private Sector Development ; SDG 13 ; SDG 15 ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Land And Housing Regulation ; Land Reform ; Land Registries ; Land Tenure ; Life On Land ; Sdg 13 ; Sdg 15
    Abstract: Land use plays a pivotal role in Uzbekistan's development, and embracing sustainable agriculture offers a promising pathway to achieving middle-income status. This report aims to identify hotspots of land degradation and declining productivity along with areas of adaptation opportunity where landscape restoration can offset these trends under changing climate conditions. It also analyzes the costs of land degradation (cost of inaction) compared to investing in adaptation technologies (cost of action). The report recommends technological, institutional, and policy options to reduce natural capital degradation in the agriculture, forest, and water sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/41524
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  • 21
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    Digital Transformation of the Land Sector in Uganda : A Policy Note (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Digital Finance ; Digital Government ; Digital Manufacturing ; Digitization ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Resources Management
    Abstract: With only 16 years remaining to achieve Uganda's Vision 2040, the digital transformation of the land sector is critical to accelerating social well-being and economic growth. Uganda has made notable progress on land sector reforms, such as establishing the Uganda National Land Information System (UgNLIS) and piloting an approach for systematic demarcation. However, challenges persist. Low levels of registered properties, cumbersome processes for sporadic land registration, and incomplete support systems to enable data transparency and accessibility, all contribute to the persistently limited digitalization. These challenges are compounded by population growth and internal migration, which drive complex, competing demands for land and are likely to increase the prevalence of land-related conflicts in the future. Digital transformation can unlock Uganda's land sector by accelerating systematic demarcation, enabling maintenance of the land registry and helping to establish supporting systems for data transparency and informed decision-making. This note offers key recommendations to update the legal and policy framework for the land sector; standardize, digitalize, and scale the registration of land rights, and; advance establishment of National Spatial Data Infrastructure
    DOI: 10.1596/41388
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    LAC Digital Economy : Country Diagnostics: Jamaica (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; Digital Finance ; Digitalization ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Digital Finance ; Digitalization
    Abstract: Jamaica's progress in digital transformation is paving the way for a foundational change in how the economy and society operate and create value. This report serves as input to guide Jamaica's digital transformation strategy, in line with the country's aspirations and its Vision 2030 National Development Plan. The report is based on the World Bank's Digital Economy Assessment methodology, which analyzes the digital economy across six pillars: digital infrastructure, digital public platforms, digital financial services, digital businesses, digital skills, and trust environment. It examines the current state of Jamaica's digital ecosystem, including its strengths and weaknesses, and outlines a set of priority actions for the GOJ to accelerate its digital transformation. The report also provides a comprehensive set of recommendations that the GOJ may consider incorporating into its short- and medium-term policy and budget planning cycles to leverage digital technologies across the six pillars outlined above. Although the implementation of some of the recommendations entails new legislation or regulation, many actions can be pursued without legal changes. The report organizes the findings of the six pillars into three main digital economy work streams that have an impact on the overall economy or that can be implemented across different sectors: the digital economy enabling environment, digital public infrastructure and platforms, and digital skills and technology adoption
    DOI: 10.1596/41387
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    ID4D Diagnostic in Sao Tome e Principe (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Civil Registration ; Digital Societies ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Governance ; Identification Systems ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Sustainable Development ; Civil Registration ; Digital Societies ; Identification Systems ; Sustainable Development
    Abstract: The World Bank Group's Identification for Development (ID4D) Initiative harnesses global and cross sectoral knowledge, World Bank financing instruments, and partnerships to help countries realize the transformational potential of identification (ID) systems, including civil registration (CR). The aim is to enable all people to exercise their rights and access better services and economic opportunities in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. This is especially important as countries transition to digital economies, digital governments, and digital societies, where inclusive and trusted means of verifying identity are essential to ensure accessibility and data protection
    DOI: 10.1596/41368
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    GovTech Maturity Index, 2022 Update : South Asia Regional Brief (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Governance ; Government Systems ; GTMI ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Public Sector
    Abstract: According to the GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI) 2022 update for the South Asia (SAR) region, five countries are in group A or B, exhibiting substantial focus on GovTech initiatives, and the remaining three countries are in group C. These initiatives were largely linked with enhancing the delivery of public services and strengthening core government systems. The regional average GTMI score of 0.608 is higher than the global average of 0.552, which demonstrates the progress made in the last two years. However, there are some country-specific gaps in all GovTech dimensions that represent significant opportunities for improvements in public sector digital transformation, as indicated in the report
    DOI: 10.1596/39669
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    Building Regulations in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Status Review of the Building Regulatory Environment (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Building Regulations ; Environment ; Hazards ; Infrastructure and Law ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Law and Development ; National Urban Development Policies and Strategies ; Regulatory Frameworks ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Urban Development ; Vulnerabilities ; Building Regulations ; Hazards ; Regulatory Frameworks ; Sub-saharan Africa ; Vulnerabilities
    Abstract: Buildings should provide safe, comfortable, and healthy environments for people to live and work. They are an essential component of societies and economies, housing critical infrastructure necessary to keep governments and businesses in operation. At the same time, buildings are the first line of defense against natural hazards and climate impacts for the general population. The scope of this report is limited to regulatory frameworks in Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with a focus on buildings rather than on specialized construction types such as infrastructure for water, energy, transport, or communications. The report focuses on the technical aspects of the regulatory frameworks: market and financial solutions fall beyond its scope. Chapter 1 of the report describes the components, concepts, and desired outcomes of building regulatory frameworks. Chapter 2 explains the evolution of the building regulation environment in Sub-Saharan Africa and the region-specific hazards and risks that the regulatory environment must respond to. Chapter 3 presents data on the building regulatory environment for each country in the region. It covers all aspects of the building regulatory cycle: from the legally adopted building regulations that exist, to what they cover, to the implementation of regulations through compliance and enforcement mechanisms. Chapter 4 offers guidance on how to improve and update building regulatory frameworks. Chapter 5 contains region-specific conclusions and recommendations for strengthening building regulatory frameworks because of the analyses carried out in Chapters 3 and 4. Additionally, Appendix A summarizes key data for each country
    DOI: 10.1596/39900
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    Algeria Economic Update, Spring 2023 : Winds Remain Favorable (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Budget Deficit ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Environment ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Hydrocarbon Activity ; Oil and Gas ; Budget Deficit ; Climate Change ; Inflation ; Non-hydrocarbon Activity ; Oil And Gas
    Abstract: This Algeria Economic Update reports on the main recent economic developments and policies. It places them in a global and longer-term context and assesses the implications of these developments and policy changes for Algeria's economic prospects. The report is intended for a broad audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals working in/on Algeria. The report is divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 presents macroeconomic developments in Algeria over the year 2022 and the first quarter of 2023, while Chapter 2 describes the short- and medium-term outlook for the Algerian economy
    DOI: 10.1596/39928
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    Decentralized Identifier (DID) (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Sector/Thematic Studies
    Keywords: Decentralized Identifier ; DID ; Digital Identity ; Digital Technology ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Security and Privacy ; Self-Sovereign Identity ; Decentralized Identifier ; Did ; Digital Identity ; Digital Technology ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Security And Privacy ; Self-sovereign Identity
    Abstract: An identification card that proves a person's identity is essential in modern society. It allows individuals to access various online and in-person public services by verifying their identity. Through an identity (ID) card, government services such as civil complaints, taxation, health care, insurance, and pension can be smoothly provided. In some cases, the ID card may contain additional information, such as home address or eligibility for certain services, which can be used to verify your identity and eligibility for certain benefits. ID cards are crucial for accessing public - and private - services where the individuals need to verify the information. However, most IDs are issued and controlled by external authorities and information is shared and revoked upon the request. A decentralized identifier (DID) is a new type of globally unique persistent identifier that does not require centralized registration authorities. Repeatedly generated and registered cryptographically, DIDs enable a new model of decentralized digital identity, which is referred as self-sovereign identity or decentralized identity. This sometimes allows users to verify information rapidly without having to contact multiple issuing parties. This 4th issue in the Emerging Technology series briefly describes the DID and its potential for solving development challenges, alongside key highlights of Korea's experience and lessons learned in regard to the exploration and adoption of emerging technologies
    DOI: 10.1596/39958
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    Catchment Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) for Lesotho roads : Development of Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Lesotho Roads and Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Catchment Areas (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Catchment Climate Risk ; Environment ; Rehabilitation Projects ; Roads ; Vulnerability Assessment ; Catchment Climate Risk ; Rehabilitation Projects ; Roads ; Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The Kingdom of Lesotho is a landlocked country in southern Africa. Large pockets of the population reside along the Senqu River Valley in the south-eastern reaches of the country, and some of the roads traverse this river to connect to the mountainous areas. Increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns due to climate change negatively impacts Lesotho's road network. Sustained land degradation, soil erosion, and increased demand on ecosystem services threatens infrastructure and the health of Lesotho's natural ecosystems, including wetlands. Climate change risk studies are often addressed through top-down approaches using climate projections and modelled impacts. However, a bottom-up approach is also required to focus on the recent past and present vulnerability. Whilst top-down and bottom-up approaches generate complementary insights into who and what is at risk, integrating their results is a much-needed step towards developing relevant information to address the needs of immediate adaptation decisions. The local-level risk assessment presented in this report is an example of a bottom-up approach to climate risk analysis that helps identify specific risks and opportunities for adaptation. The national level climate risk and vulnerability assessment presented in the national level risk assessment report complements the local-level climate risk and vulnerability assessment
    DOI: 10.1596/39862
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    Environment and Natural Resources Supplementary Guidance Note for Risk and Resilience Assessments (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Environment ; Natural Resource Management ; Risk and Resilience ; Environment ; Natural Resource Management ; Risk And Resilience
    Abstract: This supplementary guidance note is based on the report, Defueling Conflict: Environment and Natural Resource Management as a Pathway to Peace (2022), which was funded by the State and Peacebuilding Fund. This document is intended to encapsulate the key ideas to support Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA) teams to collect knowledge on and deepen and nuance the treatment of the environment and natural resources in RRAs. Additional examples and analyses are available in the original report
    DOI: 10.1596/39719
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    Kenya Economic Update, June 2023 - Securing Growth : Opportunities for Kenya in a Decarbonizing World (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Air Quality ; Carbon Footprint ; Climate Change Economics ; Decarbonization ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Growth Prospects ; Inflation ; Low-Carbon ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Air Quality ; Carbon Footprint ; Decarbonization ; Growth Prospects ; Inflation ; Low-carbon ; Monetary Policy
    Abstract: Kenya's economic performance softened in 2022, steering towards country's long-term growth rate. Real GDP expanded by 4.8 percent in 2022, a deceleration compared with the strong rebound from the Covid-19 crisis at 7.5 percent annual growth in 2021 but broadly aligned with growth rates of Kenya's potential GDP as well as of the pre-pandemic decade. The adverse weather shock of the last two years has been a major drag on economic growth, with growth in real GDP excluding agriculture standing at 6.3 percent in 2022. Besides, the impacts of tightening of domestic macroeconomic policies and challenging global financial conditions significantly hurt domestic economic activity, especially in the latter half of the year
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    Republic of Congo Economic Update, 10th Edition, June 2023 : Reforming Fossil Fuel Subsidies (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Fossil Fuels Subsidies ; Hydrocarbon Prices ; Inflation ; Macroeconomic Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Performing Loans ; Social Safety Nets ; Transport Sector ; Fossil Fuels Subsidies ; Hydrocarbon Prices ; Inflation ; Macroeconomic Growth ; Non-performing Loans ; Social Safety Nets ; Transport Sector
    Abstract: This is the tenth edition of the Republic of Congo Economic Update. Each edition of this annual report presents an overview of the Republic of Congo's (ROC) evolving macroeconomic position, followed by a detailed exploration of a specific topic. The first chapter of this year's update presents recent economic developments and macroeconomic outlook and risks. It also includes policy actions that could help strengthen fiscal and debt sustainability, contain food inflation, and sustain economic recovery. The second chapter discusses fossil fuel subsidies, which represent a significant fiscal burden in the Republic of Congo
    DOI: 10.1596/39923
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    National Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) for Roads in Lesotho : Development of a Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Lesotho Roads and Vulnerability Assessments of Selected Catchment Areas (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Catchment Areas ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Roads ; Vulnerability Assessment ; Catchment Areas ; Climate Change ; Roads ; Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The Kingdom of Lesotho is a landlocked country in southern Africa. Large pockets of the population reside along the Senqu River Valley in the south-eastern reaches of the country, and some of the roads traverse this river to connect to the mountainous areas. Increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns due to climate change negatively impacts Lesotho's road network. Sustained land degradation, soil erosion, and increased demand on ecosystem services threatens infrastructure and the health of Lesotho's natural ecosystems, including wetlands. The primary aim of this study was to undertake a review of existing frameworks for climate and environment vulnerability assessments for roads and to adapt these to the Lesotho context in line with Southern African Development Community (SADC) protocol on transport, the National Strategic Development Plan of Lesotho, and the South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) Design Guidelines. The adapted climate and environmental risk framework then formed the basis for developing a climate change risk and vulnerability and assessment methodology/tool
    DOI: 10.1596/39861
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    Improving Building-Level Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality in South Asia : Energy-Efficient and Cost-Effective Interventions for a Changing Climate (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Climate Change ; Cost-Effective ; Energy-Efficient ; Environment ; Indoor Air Quality ; Thermal Comfort ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Climate Change ; Cost-effective ; Energy-efficient ; Indoor Air Quality ; Thermal Comfort
    Abstract: This report provides evidence-based guidance on cost-effective and energy-efficient cooling and ventilation interventions to improve building-level thermal comfort and indoor air quality for a changing climate in South Asia. It focuses on Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan but also covers all the countries in the region, including Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. After an introduction, the report analyzes local climates and air quality issues, building types, and occupant behavior, as well as available passive and active interventions and their relevance in the region, before concluding with a set of recommendations for all building types. The report also identifies additional recommendations specific to residential and commercial buildings, along with policy and country-specific recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/39872
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    Comoros Country Environmental Analysis : Investing in Natural Capital for Sustainable Development (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; CEA ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Country Environmental Analysis ; Environment ; Natural Capital ; Natural Resources Management ; Sustainability ; Cea ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Country Environmental Analysis ; Natural Capital ; Sustainability
    Abstract: The Comoros Country Environmental Analysis 2023 aims to identify the main opportunities for the Comoros to better manage its natural capital, achieve its potential sustainably, capitalize on climate co-benefits stemming from the process, and advance the development agenda. This is the first CEA for Comoros and, as such, it constitutes an unprecedented opportunity to open avenues for effective natural resource management, poverty reduction, and the potential to boost socioeconomic development. The development of the CEA was based on a combination of literature review, secondary data analysis, stakeholder interviews, and focus groups conducted in early 2022. The outcomes of the CEA have been validated through a verification workshop with the country's key stakeholders. Given the lack of data on the natural capital of the Comoros, this CEA seeks to identify opportunities to strengthen the methodological soundness of natural resource management in the Comoros to enable evidence-based decision-making and prioritization of interventions
    DOI: 10.1596/39869
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    RWI Phase 3 Report on Regulatory Trends (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Digital Economy ; Digital Infrastructure ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Policies ; Regulatory Watch Initiative ; Digital Economy ; Digital Infrastructure ; Policies ; Regulatory Watch Initiative
    Abstract: The Regulatory Watch Initiative (RWI) is designed as a supplementary tool to aid national administrations in contemplating, analyzing, and drafting policies, laws, and regulations. It can also provide insight on comparative measures to spur Digital Economy growth by informing decision-makers about gaps, trends, and best practices for developing a fully enabling environment and to support the adoption of digital infrastructure for integrated and balanced economic and social development
    DOI: 10.1596/40073
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    Generative Artificial Intelligence (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Sector/Thematic Studies
    Keywords: Creativity and Scalability ; Disaster Relief ; Efficiency and Productivity ; Explicit Density Models ; Generative AI ; Implicit Density Models ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Infrastructure Development ; Machine Learning ; Creativity And Scalability ; Disaster Relief ; Efficiency And Productivity ; Explicit Density Models ; Generative Ai ; Implicit Density Models ; Infrastructure Development ; Machine Learning
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly and has attracted significant attention in recent years, with numerous advances and breakthroughs. The generative AI market is expected to grow from 1.5 billion dollars in 2021 to 6.5 billion dollars by 2026 - a compound annual growth rate of 34.9 percent. Acknowledging the growing importance of generative AI in research and practical applications, including its use to solve international development challenges, this report provides a comprehensive overview of generative AI, introduces the basics, explains its development over time, and examines its types and applications. After highlighting the benefits and capabilities of generative AI, the report explores how it can be applied in various industries such as health care, manufacturing, media, and entertainment and then discusses potential opportunities and limitations users must consider. Finally, it describes initiatives and strategies that the Korean government and private sector players have implemented to adopt and advance generative AI in Korea and the global marketplace. The fifth issue in the Emerging Technology series, generative AI is the result of a collaboration effort of the World Bank Group Information Technology Solutions Technology and the World Bank Korea Country Office. The series captures new technology and trends and shares knowledge to help solve international development challenges
    DOI: 10.1596/39959
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    Kenya Country Economic Memorandum : Seizing Kenya's Services Momentum (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Keywords: Competition ; Economic Growth ; ICT Applications ; Inclusion ; Increased Productivity ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Linkages ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Services Sector ; Technology ; Trade ; Competition ; Inclusion ; Increased Productivity ; Linkages ; Services Sector ; Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: Kenya's economy has been growing solidly but maintaining and increasing growth will depend on increasing private investment and productivity. Between 2010 and 2019, Kenya maintained a steady annual growth rate of 5 percent and the economy was able to rebound relatively rapidly from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, productivity growth did not make much of a contribution to output growth, and growth has been lower than that of some other, fast-growing middle-income countries. This points to the potential for Kenya to increase growth via productivity gains, by expanding the role of the private sector and, especially, accelerating private investment. Doing this has become more urgent as the Government's fiscal space to invest has shrunk, making it crucial also for the sustainability of growth to identify new opportunities for the private sector to contribute. This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) focuses on the question of how seizing opportunities in Kenya's services sector can contribute more effectively to long-term economic growth. This report argues that growing the services sector should not be seen as an alternative to industrialization, but rather as an enabler of economy-wide growth, including in manufacturing, and in agriculture too. It focuses on five channels through which services contribute to jobs, economic transformation and inclusion: (i) the need to SHIFT the services sector to higher value-added activities; (ii) how to LINK services better to other economic activities to grow its enabling role; (iii) how to BOOST the productivity of the sector through technology and increasing competition; (iv) how to TRADE more services through removing regulatory barriers to trade and investment; and finally (v) how to SECURE people's economic livelihoods better, especially those working in lower-skilled and economically more vulnerable services subsectors. Growing the contribution of services will require a program of structural reforms and complementary efforts
    DOI: 10.1596/40115
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    Unlocking Blue Carbon Development : Investment Readiness Framework for Governments (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Blue Carbon ; Blue Economy ; Environment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public and Private Investment ; Readiness Framework ; Blue Carbon ; Blue Economy ; Public And Private Investment ; Readiness Framework
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical framework to guide governments in catalyzing and scaling up public and private investment in Blue Carbon as part of their blue economy development. It does this by describing in detail a Blue Carbon Readiness Framework, a step-by-step, well-illustrated guide with simple checklists. Client countries can use the illustrations and checklists to determine their readiness to catalyze and scale up investment in blue carbon credit finance. The Blue Carbon Readiness Framework consists of three pillars: 1. Data and Analytics; 2. Policy and Institutions; 3. Finance
    DOI: 10.1596/40334
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    Tunisia Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Finance ; Climate Mitigation ; Climate Policy ; Climate-Smart City ; Environment ; Low-Carbon Cities ; Low-Carbon Urbanization
    Abstract: This Climate Change and Development Report (CCDR) establishes the case for a new economic model to address Tunisia's challenging economic and social context and vulnerability to climate change. Building on extensive analyses and consultations (see Box 1 for our approach), the CCDR calls for a new model that emphasizes the role of the private sector in generating most jobs, while the state focuses on its regulating function, funding expenditures with the highest social and economic returns, and directing resources to interventions that are both economically and environmentally sustainable. The proposed model would involve major changes, such as using pricing to rationalize the consumption of resources and creating economic conditions that support private investments in climate adaptation and decarbonization. It would also involve a shift from recurrent public expenditures to public investments in adaptation and decarbonization
    DOI: 10.1596/40658
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    Greening Public Administration with GovTech : Embracing a Green Digital Transition: Guidance Note - Volume 1 (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Digital Technologies ; E-Government ; Environment ; Governance ; Govtech ; Green Transition ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Digital Technologies ; Governance ; Govtech ; Green Transition
    Abstract: Governments are increasingly seeking opportunities to leverage digital technologies to build a greener future. This guidance note provides useful advice to policy makers underlining adequate leadership and commitment are crucial to implement coordinated GovTech and Green policies. The climate change impacts of digitalization can provide the benefits of green digital service delivery, paperless administration, and the efficiency of integrated services for a reduction of the carbon footprint. The guidance note will focus on "greening Public Administration through GovTech" defined as GovTech policies, initiatives, and/or solutions that embrace environmental considerations by design, maximizing the green benefits and considering the potential negative impacts, for example through digitalization of government processes. This guidance note is centered around three main topics: (i) the green government process through digital solutions; (ii) greening digital service delivery; and (iii) identifying policy mechanisms to mainstream green digital approaches throughout government systems
    DOI: 10.1596/40594
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    Uzbekistan Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Decarbonization ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Inclusive Economic Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Net Zero Emissions ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty, Environment and Development ; Resilience ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Decarbonization ; Inclusive Economic Growth ; Net Zero Emissions ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Abstract: This report explores how climate action, in line with Uzbekistan's goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2060, interacts with the country's growth and development path. It further suggests priority actions to reduce carbon emissions and build resilience while supporting inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction
    DOI: 10.1596/40608
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    The Next Generation of Statistical Capacity Building (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Capacity Building ; Climate Change Impacts ; Data ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Inflation ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Assessment ; Statistics ; Capacity Building ; Data ; Development ; Statistics
    Abstract: The digital revolution has changed the operating environment for statistics and has increased competition in the information space. The operating environment for NSOs has changed significantly in the past decades. Computing power once prohibitively expensive has become affordable even for low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Data that had to be collected manually are now ubiquitous because of digitalization and e-government initiatives, which have also created a constant flow of data from citizens and businesses to government agencies. The rollout of national ID programs, unique business entity identifiers, and national address registers have created the potential for integrating data from disparate databases. However, the vast new technical possibilities have been accompanied by intense competition in the information space. NSOs that were once the main, or in some cases the only, providers of socioeconomic information, are being challenged by new, nimbler, and more data savvy players who are not bound by the rigid definitions and standards of official statistics. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified this trend, with a proliferation of data sites providing near to real-time data on the impact of the pandemic on public health, livelihoods, labor markets, and the economy
    DOI: 10.1596/40471
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  • 43
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    Toward a K-12 Blended Learning Framework for Saudi Arabia (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2113
    Keywords: Blended Learning ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Energy and Environment ; ICT ; Information and Communication Technologies ; K-12 ; Blended Learning ; Education ; Ict ; K-12
    Abstract: This report proposes a preliminary guiding framework to define and deploy blended learning models at the K-12 level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Drawing lessons from international examples and good practices, the proposed framework aims to provide key considerations for the strategic and effective use and integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in K-12 schools
    DOI: 10.1596/40466
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    Digital Hotspots : Developing Digital Economies in a Context of Fragility, Conflict and Violence (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2204
    Keywords: Digital Economies ; Digital Sectors ; FCV ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Telecommunications ; Digital Economies ; Digital Sectors ; Fcv ; Telecommunications
    Abstract: Currently, about ten percent of the global population lives in economies affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV). Climate change, rising inequality, demographic change, sovereign debt and other global trends render fragility increasingly more complex. In recent years, it has become widely recognized that the adoption of digital technologies "can" make a significant contribution to poverty reduction and socio-economic development in countries and regions around the globe, both FCV and non FCV alike, though it is far from sure that they "will". The purpose of this report is therefore to provide an analytical backbone to underpin financial commitments to growing digital economies in FCV countries. The report presents case studies of countries that are recovering from different levels and stages of conflict, with a view towards identifying needed actions to keep ICT sectors afloat in FCV economies. Specifically, the report provides case studies of the development of the telecom sector in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen
    DOI: 10.1596/40549
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    The Leaders of the Twin Transition in Asia : Mapping Capabilities through Digital and Green Patents (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Digital and Green Patents ; Environment ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Transition Technologies ; Twin Transition ; Digital And Green Patents ; East Asia ; South East Asia ; Transition Technologies ; Twin Transition
    Abstract: The objective of this project is to map the East Asian metropolitan areas that are leading the digital and green transition (twin transition). The research will leverage patent data to identify green technologies and digital technologies in which East Asian metropolitan regions have managed to develop a relatively strong position, how such positions have changed over time, and to what extent both types of technologies tend to support or reinforce each other. The knowledge piece will provide high-end data visualizations and analytics to inform policymakers and stakeholders and better leverage knowledge in these different ecosystems
    DOI: 10.1596/40222
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    The Brazil of the Future : Towards Productivity, Inclusion, and Sustainability (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Demographic Change ; Diversity ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Inclusivity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Megatrends ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Sustainable Growth ; Technological Change ; Climate Change ; Demographic Change ; Diversity ; Inclusivity ; Megatrends ; Sustainable Growth ; Technological Change
    Abstract: In 2022, Brazil celebrated its 200th anniversary. What will Brazil celebrate at its 220th anniversary, in 2042? Following the recent elections there is a window of opportunity for reforms that will shape Brazil's development over the next decades. "The Brazil of the Future: Towards Productivity, Inclusion, and Sustainability" takes a long-term perspective on Brazil's development, exploring how prudent actions today can generate opportunities for a more prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable society over the next 20 years. The report aims to stimulate public debate about a virtuous cycle for 2042, illustrated by four alternative future scenarios. With the right reforms Brazil can become an economic powerhouse that offers opportunities for all. A more inclusive social contract can facilitate critical reforms
    DOI: 10.1596/40602
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    GovTech in Fragile and Conflict Situations Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; FCS ; Fragility and Conflict ; Governance ; GOVTECH ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Political Economy ; Reforms ; Fcs ; Fragility And Conflict ; Govtech ; Reforms
    Abstract: This report takes stock of the development of GovTech solutions in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations (FCS), be they characterized by low institutional capacity and/or by active conflict and provides insights on challenges and opportunities for implementing GovTech reforms in such contexts. It is aimed at practitioners and policy makers working in FCS but will also be useful for practitioners working in Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts, at-risk countries, or low-income countries as some similar challenges and opportunities can be present. Chapter 1 describes the methodology and provides basic definitions of FCV and GovTech as well as the rationale for the report. Chapter 2 provides an overview of GovTech in FCS, based on the analysis of GovTech Maturity Index (G_TMJ) data, and common challenges to GovTech in FCS. Chapter 3 analyzes the state of GovTech reforms per pillar in FCS and illustrates these with selected examples. Chapter 4 concludes with some recommendations for designing and implementing GovTech projects in these contexts based on the analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/40484
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    Dominican Republic Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Manage Model ; Adaptation ; Climate Change ; Manage Model
    Abstract: The Dominican Republic has made significant progress in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty, but it still faces challenges to achieve inclusive and equitable development, increase productivity, and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of primary sectors like agriculture, water, tourism, and energy. The National Development Strategy (NDS) and the National Multi-Year Public Sector Plan (NPSP) aim to address development and climate challenges and promote a green, inclusive and resilient future. The DR is highly vulnerable to climate change, which is likely to compound existing development challenges. By 2050, climate change impacts are expected to decrease labor productivity and affect health, crop yields, tourism, infrastructure capital, and natural ecosystems such as forests and coastal areas. Climate change also poses risks to the financial system such as the banking sector's heightened credit exposure to tropical cyclones and droughts. Although the DR has a small carbon footprint, the country's GHG emissions have been rising, mainly in the energy, waste, and agricultural sectors. Fostering a low-carbon growth path can support the country's climate change goals while bringing important development co-benefits. The Dominican Republic CCDR employs a version of the MANAGE model. This CCDR further extends the model to incorporate the path of emissions from key sectors (transport, energy, AFOLU), and to incorporate DR-specific climate damage functions to introduce the impact of climate change on the economy
    DOI: 10.1596/40674
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    West Bank and Gaza Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Environment ; Health ; Social Protection ; Water and Food ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Health ; Social Protection ; Water And Food
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) for the West Bank and Gaza examines the social and macroeconomic impacts of climate change under three alternative scenarios that reflect different levels of climate action and divergent economic growth trajectories. The scenario analysis builds on sector-level assessments focused on the water-energy-food nexus, urban development, and the macroeconomic framework and is informed by extensive stakeholder consultations and the stated climate priorities of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The health and social-protection sectors are treated as cross-cutting factors in this analysis, reflecting the critical importance of service provision and human capital in a fragile context like the West Bank and Gaza
    DOI: 10.1596/40673
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    Enablers of Inclusive Cities : Enhancing Access to Services and Opportunities (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2201
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Access To Finance ; Access To Services ; Digital Divide ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; G20 ; Inclusive Cities ; Information and Communication Technologies ; National Urban Development Policies and Strategies ; Poverty Reduction ; Roles of Stakeholders ; Sustainability and Resilience ; Urban Development ; Access To Services ; G20 ; Inclusive Cities ; Roles Of Stakeholders ; Sustainability And Resilience
    Abstract: In both G20 and non-G20 countries alike, cities have a crucial role to play in the achievement of national development goals. Already, cities generate more than 80 percent of global GDP and, with a share of the global population that is projected to reach nearly 70 percent by 2050, up from the current share of around 57 percent, the global importance of cities will only grow further in the decades ahead. However, whether the cities of tomorrow can fulfil their potential as drivers of national economic development will depend, to a large extent, on how inclusive they are - that is to say, the extent to which they are able to provide all their residents with quality access to services, markets, and spaces. This is because not only is inclusion in and of itself important, but because more inclusive cities are also both more prosperous and more resilient cities. At the same time, many policies that contribute to inclusive urban development carry important co-benefits for both climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as vice versa. In this context, this report addresses four important questions: (a) What is an inclusive city (b) How inclusive are cities in G20 member and guest countries, as well as in other countries, globally today (c) What instruments should policymakers draw-on to make the cities of tomorrow more inclusive or, to put it more succinctly, what can policymakers do to make their cities more inclusive And, finally, (d) What are the roles of different stakeholders - city leaders and their associated local governments; national governments, including their ministries of finance; the private sector; civil society organizations; and others - in the effective wielding of these instruments or, to put it more bluntly, who needs to do what
    DOI: 10.1596/40642
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    e-Gov Assessment in Republika Srpska : Rapid Assessment Results (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2206
    Keywords: Digital Government Strategy ; Digitization Policy ; E-Governance Transition ; E-Government ; Electronic Registries ; European Commission ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Sustainable Digital Transformation ; Digital Government Strategy ; Digitization Policy ; E-governance Transition ; Electronic Registries ; European Commission ; Sustainable Digital Transformation
    Abstract: This report, which is funded by the EU under the Support to Public Sector Management Reform Project in BiH, presents an assessment of e-services and key enablers that underpin an efficient and user-centric digital government in the RS, including recommendations for further development. The assessment was conducted at the request of and in close collaboration with the RS Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development, Higher Education and Information Society (MNRVOID). The report is meant to inform the RS Government's future reform plans in the area of digitization
    DOI: 10.1596/40603
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    Reserve Management Survey Report 2023 : Insights into Public Asset Management (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2185
    Keywords: Central Banks ; Climate Change and Environment ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Risk Management ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Portfolio Management ; RAMP ; Reserve Advisory and Management Partnership ; Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA) ; Central Banks ; Financial Risk Management ; Governance ; Portfolio Management ; Ramp ; Reserve Advisory And Management Partnership ; Strategic Asset Allocation (saa)
    Abstract: This survey report represents a collaborative effort between Reserve Advisory and Management Partnership (RAMP) and central banks worldwide to advance the understanding and practice of reserve management. The cooperation of all central banks involved is greatly appreciated, and we anticipate that the findings obtained from this survey will make a valuable contribution to the ongoing success and resilience of central bank reserve management
    DOI: 10.1596/40545
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    Cote d'Ivoire Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Resilience ; Urban Development ; Urban Environment ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Infrastructure ; Poverty ; Resilience
    Abstract: Cote d'Ivoire is at a crossroads. Despite good progress over the last decade, recent global economic and health shocks have aggravated existing problems including lack of fiscal space, limited access to concessional and cheap financing, and a fragile political neighborhood. But Cote d'Ivoire now has an opportunity to put its growth on a more sustainable path, both realizing the aspirations of a growing population and better adapting to the growing impacts of climate change. Climate change impacts are already affecting Cote d'Ivoire, as temperatures increase, rainfall and other weather events become more extreme and less predictable, and sea levels rise. This World Bank Group Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) shows negative impacts from climate change will reduce economic performance and over proportionally impact the poor. The report examines specific opportunities in energy, agriculture, and land use as well as urban development and interconnectivity that could render the country's development more sustainable and inclusive, raising standards of living while increasing resilience in face of climate change. Dealing with a changing climate is a national imperative, where choices need to be made for the structural transformation of the economy, transitioning from outdoor low-earning sectors such as agriculture to more value-added industrial and service activities
    DOI: 10.1596/40560
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    Creating an Enabling Environment for Private Sector Climate Action : An Evaluation of World Bank Group Support, Fiscal Years 2013-22 (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: r02
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action Engagement ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Finance ; Climate Resilient Investment ; Country Climate Analytical Work ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Climate Action ; Renewable Energy ; World Bank Group Effectiveness ; Climate Action Engagement ; Climate Finance ; Climate Resilient Investment ; Country Climate Analytical Work ; Private Sector Climate Action ; Renewable Energy ; World Bank Group Effectiveness
    Abstract: The private sector has a critical role to play in addressing climate change by investing in low-carbon technologies, developing new technologies, and building climate resilience into its investments and operations. Private sector financing will also be critical for meeting the needs for global finance flows, but climate finance from the private sector has been very low. One reason for this is that most countries lack a conducive enabling environment for the private sector to engage in climate action. This evaluation assesses the World Bank Group's efforts to improve the enabling environment for private sector climate action (EEPSCA). The evaluation defines the private sector enabling environment for climate action as the set of policies (laws and regulations), incentives, standards, information, and institutions that encourage or facilitate the private sector to invest or behave in ways that reduce greenhouse gas emissions or adapt to the current or anticipated impacts of climate change. The private sector includes large, medium, and small firms; domestic and international financiers; and smallholder farmers or other producers. The evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of Bank Group support to EEPSCA and aims to identify lessons applicable to the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation to inform implementation of the Bank Group Climate Change Action Plan 2021 and subsequent Bank Group climate activities. The evaluation also aims to inform discussions on the evolution road map, which considers further increasing the prominence of the role the Bank Group plays on global public goods, such as climate change
    DOI: 10.1596/40396
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    Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Resilience ; DRC ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Fragile Countries ; Low-Carbon ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Climate Change ; Climate Resilience ; Drc ; Fragile Countries ; Low-carbon
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) aims to support DRC's efforts to achieve its development goals within a changing climate by quantifying the impacts of climate change on the economy and highlighting policies and interventions needed to strengthen the country's climate resilience on many different levels. The report captures the interplay between DRC's development, climate challenges, and climate policies, with the objective of identifying synergies and tradeoffs. The CCDR supports the strategic vision of the Government of DRC as articulated in its 2030 National Strategic Development Plan ("Plan National Strategique de Developpement" (PNSD)) to reach middle-income country (MIC) status by 2035, and by 2050, become a diversified inclusive economy spurred by sustainable growth. It identifies the priorities needed in order to launch the most impactful, cost-effective actions to boost adaptation, build resilience, and foster low-carbon growth, while delivering on broader development goals. These are critical objectives, especially in fragile countries such as the DRC
    DOI: 10.1596/40599
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    Armenia Forest Landscape Restoration Note (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Environment ; Forest Institutions ; Forest Management ; Forests ; Fuels ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Land Degradation ; Landscape Restoration ; Legal Framework ; Non-Wood Forest Products ; NWFPs ; Protected Areas ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Forest Institutions ; Forest Management ; Forests ; Land Degradation ; Landscape Restoration ; Legal Framework ; Non-wood Forest Products ; Nwfps ; Protected Areas
    Abstract: This note synthesizes multiple reports produced under World Bank support to the Government of Armenia (GoA) in undertaking landscape restoration opportunities assessment and provides a detailed overview of opportunities and challenges in the forestry sector. Armenia is a forest-poor country; only 11.2 percent of the territory (334,100 hectares (ha) is forested, which is concentrated in three marzes: Tavush and Lori in the north and Syunik in the south. The predominant forest type is naturally grown broad-leaved mountain forest with a small area of pine forest. Estimates on the state of the forests, their extent, quality, health, and harvested volumes vary widely depending on the data sources and methodology used. Based on wood consumption data, harvesting volumes must be much higher than officially reported, while forest growth is lower than the current official estimates. These divergences, combined with limited silvicultural management and exacerbated by fires and uncontrolled grazing, mean that sustainable forest use is clearly far from guaranteed. The note has been developed through a consultative process and is expected to inform all relevant stakeholders on the status of the forest sector and opportunities to further improve it. The objective of this note is to strengthen the dialogue with Armenia on the forest sector considering the ongoing reforms and to explore how the country can reverse landscape degradation and increase its contribution to post-pandemic economic recovery
    DOI: 10.1596/40349
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    Valuing Green Infrastructure : A Case Study of the Vakhsh River Basin, Tajikistan (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2114
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Environment ; Green Infrastructure ; Hydro Power ; Landscape Restoration ; Sustainable Land Management ; Vakhsh River ; Water ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Green Infrastructure ; Landscape Restoration ; Vakhsh River ; Water
    Abstract: This report outlines the main results of a study conducted to assess the potential role of landscape restoration/nature-based solutions/green infrastructure in the Vakhsh River Basin, Tajikistan, to reduce the impacts of soil erosion on the hydropower cascade, increase agricultural productivity, improve livelihoods, and inform about investment opportunities. This assessment finds sediment sources and loadings in the Vakhsh River Basin, considers the potential correlation between soil erosion and sedimentation in hydropower reservoirs, proposes possible and cost-effective landscape restoration measures, and estimates the value of ecosystem services provided. The study also presents recommendations for implementing the proposed interventions for the Vakhsh River Basin and for scaling up to other degraded areas throughout the country
    DOI: 10.1596/40350
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    Indonesia Economic Prospects, December 2023 : Climate Action for Development (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate and Development ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Policy Framework ; Climate Resilience ; Decarbonization ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Outlook ; Economic Policy ; Environment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Climate And Development ; Climate Change ; Climate Policy Framework ; Climate Resilience ; Decarbonization ; Economic Outlook ; Economic Policy
    Abstract: Indonesia has been successful in navigating the macroeconomic fallout from asynchronous global shocks. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains strong though the economy is yet to fully recover to its pre-pandemic trajectory. This is consistent with labor market trends, which show a recovery in labor force participation and employment but a possible deterioration in jobs quality. Inflation has been brought under control following the effects of the energy price shocks in 2022, though new pressures are emerging from food supply risks and renewed oil price rises. External pressures have risen due to tight global financing conditions, which have triggered capital outflows and currency pressures across emerging markets including Indonesia. With resilient macroeconomic underpinnings and the end of the post-COVID recovery cycle, the policy focus turns again to the growth agenda
    DOI: 10.1596/40729
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    Greening ICT : A Case Study in Singapore (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Energy Efficiency ; Environment ; GHG Emission ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; ICT Sector ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Climate Change ; Energy Efficiency ; Ghg Emission ; Ict Sector
    Abstract: This report is based on a targeted review of Singapore's approach to climate change, focusing on how the country drives energy efficiency and reduces GHG emissions in the ICT sector, particularly in data centers. It aims to reflect the various measures undertaken by the Singapore Government, present lessons learned, keytakeaways and challenges that continue to lie ahead. The information in this version is current as of end November 2023. The purpose of this report is to provide the key lessons for broad, multistakeholder consideration and dialogue forwhat countries could consider as they approach "greening" the ICT sector. It is important to note that addressing all the issues raised in this report does not guarantee a perfect, or even workable, enabling environment to meet theglobal climate change challenge. This is because the effectiveness of these measures can be affected by exogenous factors and the unique national circumstances of each country
    DOI: 10.1596/40692
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    Benin Country Climate and Development Report (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Deforestation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Forests ; GHG Emissions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) proposes that Benin focuses on building a resilient economy, with investment and policy options primarily targeted at adapting to climate change risks. The dependence of Benin's economic structure on agriculture and informal employment makes its development path highly vulnerable to climate change in the absence of proper adaptation. The government and the private sector need to be better prepared to deal with climate change -- building adequate institutions and governance structures will be crucial. While all sectors will have to become more resilient, this is especially urgent for agriculture and land use, urban and network infrastructure, and human development (education, health). Mitigation efforts should focus on avoiding carbon lock-ins and reducing deforestation. Investing in renewable energy whilst expanding the population's access to electricity should be a priority for Benin. A higher share of renewable energy can bring about co-benefits for other sectors (agriculture, water, transport, and forestry). To maintain its growth trajectory, Benin needs to pay special attention to its most vulnerable people, including women. To protect the poor and vulnerable the just transition should focus on reconciling development and climate goals while addressing inequality (income and gender related), and spatial exclusion
    DOI: 10.1596/40688
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    The Development, Climate, and Nature Crisis : Solutions to End Poverty on a Livable Planet - Insights from World Bank Country Climate and Development Reports covering 42 economies (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Deforestation ; Environment ; Forests ; GHG Emissions ; Political Economy ; Private Sector ; Climate Change ; Deforestation ; Forests ; Ghg Emissions ; Governance ; Political Economy ; Private Sector
    Abstract: The world faces a triple crisis of three interconnected issues-development, climate, and nature- and current levels of climate action are insufficient. Beyond the grim headlines, there are increasingly clear opportunities to achieve triple wins. To support the alignment of sustainable development priorities and actions with climate change risks and objectives, the World Bank launched the Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) in 2022. This core diagnostic tool aims to help countries prioritize the most impactful actions to boost resilience and adaptation and reduce GHG emissions, while delivering on broader development and sustainability objectives. CCDRs now cover 56 percent of the population of low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs) and 73 percent of their gross domestic product (GDP). The second set of CCDRs also includes one high-income country (HIC), Romania. A main addition of the CCDRs published since COP27 relates to tropical forests, a key dimension of the global climate change challenge. The first set of CCDRs covered only 10 percent of the world's tropical forests, but the addition of key forested countries-including Brazil, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, and the Republic of Congo-increases coverage to 56 percent. Many CCDRs (including Romania and Turkiye) also discuss the role of non-tropical forests for resilience and emission reduction. This second summary report builds on the first report published ahead of COP27. Although it is important to caveat the differences in scenarios and ambition, modeling framework, and scope of analysis, this report provides aggregated results that can help governments, private sector investors, citizens, and development partners prioritize the most impactful climate actions. It confirms-with more granularity and stronger evidence, based on more countries-key findings from the first summary report; but it also discusses new issues, such as deforestation and land degradation. It aims to inform global priorities, including the World Bank's Evolution Roadmap and Global Challenge Programs (GCP), as well as other global initiatives
    DOI: 10.1596/40652
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    How to Protect, Build, and Use Human Capital to Address Climate Change (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Human Capital ; Inclusive Development ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Sustainability ; Climate Change ; Human Capital ; Inclusive Development ; Sustainability
    Abstract: To respond to climate change effectively, human capital needs to be at the heart of policy responses. This policy note demonstrates the impacts of climate change across the lifecycle and provides a framework of policy and program interventions to protect, build, and use human capital to minimize climate change impacts and create opportunities for more sustainable and inclusive development on a livable planet. By demonstrating the scope of impacts of climate change on people and people's potential to contribute to climate action, the note also makes a case for prioritizing human capital investments as part of countries' Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and other climate strategies
    DOI: 10.1596/40740
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    Institutional and Procurement Practice Note on Cloud Computing : Cloud Assessment Framework and Evaluation Methodology (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Cloud Computing ; Data Classification ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Institutional Framework ; Security ; Cloud Computing ; Data Classification ; Governance ; Institutional Framework ; Security
    Abstract: Despite widespread awareness on the benefits of cloud computing, authorities in most of the World Bank's client countries have not explored the opportunity of adopting cloud computing solutions. Task teams are finding it difficult to provide relevant advice to the counterparts and address their concerns. Most authorities have identified risks of moving to cloud computing: Will their data be safe? Will they have sovereign control over access to data stored offshore? Will privacy be protected? These risks are real. Due to an inadequate assessment framework to identify and assess these risks, the typical response of most client governments is to develop a government's cloud (G-Cloud or GovCloud). This seems logical for more sensitive or mission critical data. However, this is not enough. Adopting a hybrid cloud model, which leverages the cloud services from the private sector to work in conjunction with the G-Cloud can offer immense opportunities to save costs, improve security, enhance performance, and strengthen resilience in a post COVID-19 world. However, client governments need guidance to change their policy response on cloud computing - from the risk-avoidance to the one of risk-management. This note provides guidance on institutional and procurement arrangements and risk mitigation methodology for acquiring and managing public cloud solutions using a whole-of-government approach
    DOI: 10.1596/39549
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    Data Classification Matrix and Cloud Assessment Framework : Cloud Assessment Framework and Evaluation Methodology (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Cloud Computing ; Data Classification Matrix ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; PII ; Public Sector ; Security ; Cloud Computing ; Data Classification Matrix ; Pii ; Public Sector ; Security
    Abstract: This data classification matrix and cloud assessment framework supports the policy goals articulated in the World Bank's Institutional and procurement practice note for cloud computing services in the public sector. The framework is intended to support World Bank client countries, practitioners, and multilateral and bilateral development partners to manage the risks of acquiring public cloud solutions. These suggestions are based on good practices identified in the practice note. The framework first offers a data classification scheme for government data and personally identifiable information (PII) of citizens that governments and their contractors handle based upon the confidentiality, integrity, and availability security objectives. The framework then suggests cloud security requirements corresponding to each proposed data classification level. These security requirements are based upon international standards and good practices identified in the practice note. The framework also offers a checklist for procuring agencies seeking to procure cloud services
    DOI: 10.1596/39550
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    Digital Transformation of Philippine Higher Education (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Connectivity ; Digital Transformation ; Education ; Education For the Knowledge Economy ; Government Information Network ; Higher Education ; Higher Education Reform ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vocational and Technical Education ; Connectivity ; Digital Transformation ; Government Information Network ; Higher Education ; Higher Education Reform ; Internet
    Abstract: The Digital Transformation of Philippine Higher Education recommends a medium-term strategy for the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). Chapter 1 presents an overview of the Philippine higher education sector and analyzes the sectoral and country context for digital transformation of higher education. Chapter 2 discusses the foundations and pillars that support digital transformation as well as the building blocks of common and shared platforms and services for students and academic, research, and administrative stakeholders in higher education. Based on the findings in Chapter 1 and global good practices on digital transformation in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 recommends strategic goals and actions for CHED and HEIs as well as other higher education key players to digitally transform Philippine higher education
    DOI: 10.1596/38481
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    Interoperability : Towards a Data-Driven Public Sector (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: API ; Data Architecture ; Digital Infrastructure ; ESB ; GOVTECH ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Interoperability ; Open Source ; Api ; Data Architecture ; Digital Infrastructure ; Esb ; Govtech ; Interoperability ; Open Source
    Abstract: Interoperability frameworks are a key enabler for GovTech, the World Bank's whole-of-government approach to public sector modernization, as they reduce system boundaries between government agencies by setting standards and guidelines across government systems to allow for seamless exchange of information and communication between systems. But governments may face several challenges when setting up and implementing interoperability frameworks, related to a mix of technical, semantic, legal, organizational, and cultural factors. This How-to Note provides advice on what interoperability in the public sector is, why it is needed and how it can be implemented with various examples and a whole-of-government approach to interoperability taking into account both digital and nondigital aspects is of the essence
    DOI: 10.1596/38520
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    MENA Country Climate and Development Report : Climate Change Action in the Middle East and North Africa -- Key Insights from Country Climate and Development Reports (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Deforestation ; Environment ; Forests ; GHG Emissions ; Private Sector
    Abstract: Climate action is critical for development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The region contains countries among the most affected by climate change but least prepared to address it. This report introduces key findings of the World Bank Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs) in the region. The CCDRs help align climate and development considerations for governments and other stakeholders and help prioritize actions that enhance adaptation and resilience, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and align with broader development goals. Addressing these challenges and converting them into opportunities is crucial, including taking carefully prioritized, sustained action. Seven CCDRs have been published for MENA countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon1, Morocco, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza), offering policy and investment options to harmonize climate and development objectives. Additional countries will be covered as CCDRs are finalized in the coming years
    DOI: 10.1596/40650
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    Ghana - Green Growth PASA : Readiness For Participation In International Carbon Markets - Preliminary Assessment Result from the Application of The World Bank's Mitigation Action Assessment Protocol: International Transfer Readiness Tool (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Kyoto Protocol ; Public Sector Development ; Clean Development Mechanism (cdm) ; Climate Change ; Kyoto Protocol ; Paris Agreement
    Abstract: Carbon markets under the Paris Agreement are expected to differ substantially from those that emerged under the Kyoto Protocol. Unlike the top-down approach of markets created by the Kyoto Protocol, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement are expected to have bottom-up linkages that could create an opportunity for new and innovative approaches. While the Kyoto Protocol only required Annex I (or developed) countries to meet specific climate targets, the Paris Agreement created a new paradigm for all countries, both developed and developing, to voluntarily adopt individual targets, articulated in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This means that a greater level of preparation is needed to ensure that traded assets are aligned with NDCs and accompanied by robust accounting. Ghana is one of early movers in the space. The Government has signed bilateral cooperation agreements with the Government of Switzerland and with the Swedish Energy Agency to develop projects under Article 6 and is preparing institutional arrangements and country processes for transacting Article 6 units
    Note: Africa , Ghana , West Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/38244
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    The Metaverse (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Sector/Thematic Studies
    Keywords: Avatar ; Decentralization ; Economic System ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Interoperability ; Metaverse ; Virtual World ; Avatar ; Decentralization ; Economic System ; Interoperability ; Metaverse ; Virtual World
    Abstract: The Metaverse, widely regarded as a successor to today's internet, is a concept embodying a unified digital world that is tightly connected to the physical world. In the Metaverse, people can interact without physical or geographic constraints and enjoy a compelling sense of social presence. This offers a positive impact on the real world in various areas. In addition, the Metaverse can serve as a globally unified economic system for digital content that enables entities in different countries to interact frictionlessly. The emerging technologies curation series aims to capture and share Korea's experience and lessons learned in regard to the exploration and adoption of emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI, edge-computing, IoT, 5G, and so forth. This third issue in the series briefly describes the Metaverse and its potential for solving development challenges, alongside key highlights of Korea's experience
    DOI: 10.1596/39957
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    South Africa Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Vulnerable Groups ; Climate Change ; Low-carbon ; Price Increase Mitigation ; Resilient Transition ; Social Impact ; Vulnerable Groups
    Abstract: South Africa's ambition is to build a more inclusive, resilient and sustainable economy. This ambition depends on the extent to which the country is able to shift from its heavy dependence on coal to low-carbon activities and to address the growing risks presented by climate change. This low-carbon path and adaptation must be people-centered, creating jobs and protecting the poorest in the most unequal society in the world. All of these require policies and actions with inevitable tradeoffs and some synergies. The South Africa Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) provides analysis and recommendations on integrating the country's efforts to achieve rapid growth, higher employment and lower inequality with the pursuit of a low-carbon and climate resilient development path. The CCDR provides a summary of key challenges and opportunities for the country's transition to a low-carbon economy in a just way. The report also provides assessment of what it takes (in terms of technical, financial and institutional and governance framework) for South Africa to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 without undermining its development ambitions. The report examines ways in which South Africa could adapt and build resilience to a changing climate. Finally, the report provides priority packages of policy recommendations that South Africa could implement to achieve its just transition to a low-carbon economy and society by 2050
    Note: Africa , Africa Eastern and Southern (AFE) , South Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/38216
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    Peru Systematic Country Diagnostic Update (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector and Social Assistance ; Financial Structures ; Private Sector ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Climate Change ; Institutional Weakness ; Low Productivity ; Private Sector ; Social Protection ; Vulnerabilities
    Abstract: Peru's economic growth and poverty reduction slowed markedly after the end of the commodity boom. After 15 years of remarkable growth, sources of shared prosperity were drying up as the external context became less favorable. The subsequent slowdown exposed two main structural challenges documented in the Peru 2017 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD): low productivity in the private sector, which hindered growth and the creation of quality jobs, and the persistence of large geographic disparities in development outcomes. The first is associated with low technology adoption and innovation, which reduces export diversification and constrains the creation of better-paying jobs and income opportunities for the bottom 40 percent. The second makes it difficult for particular population groups to overcome poverty given the poor quality of services and opportunities in certain parts of the country. To achieve higher productivity from a thriving private sector and decrease spatial disparities, the first SCD identified and prioritized key micro-structural reforms aiming to improve human capital, infrastructure, and the quality of public services and to reduce market rigidities. Five years later, these development challenges not only persist but have worsened. Productivity continues to be low, offsetting other sources of economic growth. Spatial disparities also persist, with new pressures brought to urban areas by a sharp increase in Venezuelan migration. The COVID-19 shock highlighted the structural shortcomings of the Peruvian economy. The pandemic led to a significantly higher number of deaths in Peru than in the rest of the world, a sharp economic contraction, steep poverty increases, and extensive learning disruptions. Concerns over long-term impact, particularly from human capital erosion, remain. And while macroeconomic management strengths prevented an even more profound impact and aftermath effects, the COVID crisis revealed the limitation of the country's buffers and its low capacity to respond to non-financial shocks and manage social conflict. This Update to the SCD argues that the root cause of limited progress toward addressing the two development challenges of low productivity and spatial inequality lies with the weak and declining capacity of public institutions. Institutional instability has substantially increased since the first SCD, further weakening the capacity of the state to design and implement needed reforms, let alone deliver quality services across the territory. An unprecedented turnover in high-profile civil servants has fundamentally disrupted the functioning of the state. At the same time, the business environment has deteriorated. Private investments have plummeted to record low levels, and capital outflows have persisted in the context of more binding regulatory burdens, rising transaction costs, and a volatile and uncertain political context
    Note: Latin America & Caribbean , Peru
    DOI: 10.1596/38187
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    Climate and Development : An Agenda for Action - Emerging Insights from World Bank Group 2021-22 Country Climate and Development Reports (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; High-Income Countries ; Low-Income Countries ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle-Income Countries ; Regulations ; Resilience ; Ccdr ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Decarbonization ; Ghg ; Global Transition ; Greenhouse Gas ; Hics Support ; High-income Countries ; Investments ; Lics ; Low-carbon ; Low-income Countries ; Methane Reduction ; Mics ; Middle-income Countries ; Policy Changes ; Regulations ; Resilience
    Abstract: Climate change poses a major threat to long-term development objectives, especially poverty reduction, and accelerated emission reductions are needed, particularly in high-income and other high-emitting countries. Reducing emissions can be done without comprising development: taken together, CCDR low-carbon development strategies reduce emissions by 70%, without significant impact on growth, provided that policies are well designed and financing is available. Financing needs average 1.4 percent of GDP, a manageable amount with appropriate private sector involvement. But in lower-income countries, financing needs can exceed 5 percent, which will require more support from high-income countries, including increased concessional resources
    DOI: 10.1596/38220
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    Federated Ecosystems for Digital ID : Current Approaches and Lessons (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Amazon ; Digital Id Credentials ; Facebook ; Google Accounts ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Log-In ; Services on the Internet ; Websites
    Abstract: The focus of this paper is on federations that provide digital ID credentials and services recognized by governments for official purposes, in other words, accessing government services, and may also be accepted or required for certain services in the private sector that require higher levels of assurance-for example, the opening of a bank account. Other forms of digital ID and federation provided and used only by private sector entities-such as using Facebook, Amazon, or Google accounts to log-in to other websites or services on the internet via federation protocols-are not considered here
    DOI: 10.1596/38443
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    GIF Guidance : Clean Technology Options for Buses - Prefeasibility Analysis (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: Environmental and Financial Risks ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Potential Technical
    Abstract: This guide begins by establishing the minimum conditions that should be in place to consider a technology feasible. This will be done in chapter two, starting with the general local political context and analysis of the project's planning, and moving on to more specific technical conditions for each technology regarding energy vector availability and standards and regulations to consider. Once the general context has been established, chapter three presents a brief description of the technical aspects of each technology, which involves considerations on bus selection, fueling or charging infrastructure, energy consumption and modes of operation. After going through this chapter, the TTL should have a clear understanding of the more technical or physical implications of each technology and should have the tools to argue whether a technology would be feasible. A detailed description of all CTBs is presented in the Annex on bus technology and charging infrastructure. It is strongly recommended that the evaluator reads this annex before starting the evaluation. In chapter four, a methodology for comparing the environmental impact of each technology is presented. This includes assessing the potential reduction in GHG emissions of each vehicle technology, as well as local toxic emissions. In chapter five, the economic performance of the different technologies is assessed by estimating CAPEX and OPEX expenditures and calculating the levelized cost of ticket (LCOT) of the different technologies under varying financial scenarios and considerations. Using the results from the previous sections, Chapter six presents and evaluates the cost-benefit of implementing each technology. The guide concludes with chapter six, a results evaluation and a discussion of the potential technical, environmental, and financial risks the evaluator should consider for the different technologies
    DOI: 10.1596/38382
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    Strategic Communications for Identification Systems : Guidance Note (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Design ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Implementation and Delivery of Identification (ID) Systems ; Inclusive and Trusted Systems ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Strategic Communications
    Abstract: This guidance note unpacks how strategic communications can enhance the design, implementation, and delivery of identification (ID) systems that are inclusive and trusted. When leveraged holistically, strategic communications can help governments engage effectively with relevant actors throughout the lifecycle of an ID system, including stakeholders on the supply side of ID administration, such as government and private sector implementing entities, and those on the demand side, namely the people that an ID system is intended to serve. Effective communication with relevant actors sows the seeds for public awareness about an ID system, which ultimately helps boost engagement through increased access, both of which are fundamental to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Target 16.9 on the provision of legal identity for all. This note builds on best practices for communications outlined in the ID4D Practitioner's Guide to offer governments and ID system practitioners a more in-depth perspective on how to craft an effective strategy and implementation framework. In doing so, the guide highlights essential components for a communications strategy; spotlights cross-country campaigns specific to ID systems and beyond to demonstrate the breadth of potential approaches; and provides practical tools, such as terms of references and a measurement framework, that can support practitioners as they transform ideas into action
    DOI: 10.1596/38423
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    Digital Identification Mexico (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Democratic Government ; E-Government ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; National Governance ; Financial Policy ; Digital Financial Sector ; Digital Government ; Digital Identification ; Digital Infrastructure Legal Framework ; Finance, Competitiveness & Innovation Global Practice ; Financial Inclusion Global Initiative (figi ) ; Digital Financial Inclusion Policy ; G20 Financial Inclusion ; Legal Identity
    Abstract: Authorities in Mexico are seeking solutions to the complex task of improving efficiency in the financial and government sectors when identifying individuals and legal entities, while balancing other public-policy objectives, such as governance, technological neutrality, safety, privacy, and universal coverage. The objective of this document is to describe the identity-management system (IMS) in Mexico and its importance to the financial-sector environment while reflecting on the need for digital identification and authentication procedures and processes. The document will analyze the different options for, and policy implications of, the digital identification of individuals and legal entities in Mexico when meeting financial policy objectives and regulation. This document builds on the principles established by the G20 on digital financial inclusion, the Identity management system analysis, and the common principles on Identification for sustainable development. It takes into account standards and guidelines issued in the financial-sector context that recognize the need to identify individuals and legal entities and intends to provide guidance to Mexican authorities when defining policies that involve the need to identify individuals and legal entities. The document is organized as follows: First, an executive summary presents key observations and recommendations for authorities. A discussion of identification systems in the financial sector comes next, followed by a description of the IMSs in Mexico, including the institutional arrangements, and then by sections on digital identity and the legal framework supporting such infrastructures. Finally, the report concludes with a section on potential actions, which build on initiatives in other countries, which are included along with the report. International standards are attached as appendixes to support the methodology used to elaborate this document
    Note: Mexico
    DOI: 10.1596/37480
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  • 77
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    Offshore Wind Roadmap for the Philippines (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Energy ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Windpower ; Economic Growth ; Economic Oppertunity ; Green Energy ; Wind Power
    Abstract: This roadmap provides strategic analysis of the offshore wind development potential in the Philippines, considering the opportunities and challenges under different, hypothetical growth scenarios. The goal is to provide evidence to support the Government of the Philippines in establishing policy, regulations, processes, and infrastructure to enable successful growth of this new industry. The roadmap was initiated by the World Bank country team in the Philippines under the umbrella of the World Bank Group's (WBG's) Offshore Wind Development Program-which aims to accelerate offshore wind development in emerging markets-and was funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) in partnership with the International Finance Corporation (IFC)
    Note: East Asia and Pacific , Philippines
    DOI: 10.1596/37429
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  • 78
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    G5 Sahel Region Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Armut ; Klimaänderung ; Technikbewertung ; Energieerzeugung ; Importsubstitution ; Landwirtschaft ; Bodennutzung ; Verstädterung ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Sahel ; Afrika ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Shock ; Economic Impact Of Climate Change ; Lower-carbon Development
    Abstract: The five countries of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger (the G5) in the Sahel region of Africa are among the least developed countries in the world. The now regular and growing climate shocks are causing large losses in outputs, reducing human capital accumulation, and leading to potentially devastating ecological and economic tipping points in the region. This World Bank country climate development report (CCDR) has examined the most critical actions and policy changes needed to accelerate the region's economic recovery, sustainable and inclusive development, and adaptation to the impacts of climate change. This report has three main messages. First, the opportunities for a resilient and lower-carbon development of the G5 countries are significant. They can reverse environmental degradation and maximize the benefits of climate action for the poor. Second, rapid, resilient, and inclusive growth is both the best form of adaptation to climate change and the best strategy for meeting development goals in an effective, sustainable, and productive manner. Third, the costs of inaction are far greater than the costs of action. Early and targeted action on policies and programs presented in this report can move the G5 Sahel countries towards a greener, more resilient, prosperous, and inclusive future
    Note: Africa , Africa , Africa Western and Central (AFW) , Burkina Faso , Central Africa , Chad , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , West Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/37620
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  • 79
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    Toward More People-Centered Service Delivery : Opportunities for the National ID System in Lesotho (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; ICT Applications ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Api Development ; Data Privacy ; Digital Id Costs ; Digital Id Data ; Digital Payment Infrastructure ; Digital Skills ; Financial Inclusion ; Individual Privacy ; Internet Connection ; National Id (nid) ; National Identity Register ; Public Sector Administration ; Service Delivery ; Social Transfers ; Wage Delivery
    Abstract: This note documents the current and emerging use cases for the national ID (NID) system in the Kingdom of Lesotho. It demonstrates considerable potential and progress to date, and makes recommendations for moving toward a more inclusive, trusted and service delivery-oriented NID system. Global experience has shown that national ID systems can promote more efficient, transparent and people-centered service delivery in the public and private sectors, particularly when the system is designed with the appropriate enablers and safeguards in place to support improved development outcomes and mitigate risks. As countries move toward digital economies and governance, ID systems often serve as an essential digital platform, underpinning the digital payment infrastructure and transactions, as well as the provision of online and offline government services
    Note: Africa , Africa Eastern and Southern (AFE) , Lesotho
    DOI: 10.1596/37510
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  • 80
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    Guinea-Bissau Digital Economy Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: ICT Economics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Science and Technology Development ; Technology Innovation ; Digital Businesses ; Digital Economy ; Digital Financial Services ; Digital Infrastructure ; Digital Public Platforms ; Digital Skills ; Digital Transformation
    Abstract: Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, including Guinea-Bissau, lack the requisite enabling environment to capture a larger fraction of the global digital economy or benefit from its gains and are thus at increasing risk of being left behind. Rapid digital transformation is reshaping the global economy, driving financing inclusion, closing information gaps between buyers and sellers, and changing the way economies of scale are achieved. In many, although certainly not all, parts of the continent, access to and affordability of broadband internet remains low; for that matter, even access to electricity is low, preventing Africans from being able to go online. Most public services remain offline, and many Africans lack digital identity or mobile wallets to take advantage of digital financial or other services. Digital skills and literacy remain weak. Finally, although venture capital investment on the continent continues to grow, 2021 witnessed 681 rounds of fundraising across 640 startups, totaling US5.2 billion dollars in equity raised, according to the African Private Equity and Venture Capital Association, structural constraints prevent businesses from taking greater advantage of the digital economy. Of the 716 financial technology (fintech) companies currently operating in SSA, only 5 percent have scaled. In this context, the WBG has undertaken this digital economy diagnostic of Guinea-Bissau under the leadership of the Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Vice Prime Minister. Based on desk research, virtual and in person interviews with a wide range of public and private sector stakeholders, and an April 2022 field mission to discuss preliminary findings and proposed recommendations, this report analyzes the constraints in each of the five foundational pillar and puts forward actionable recommendations categorized by priority level and sequencing. Overall, it aims to inform the national dialogue, as well as next steps, around Guinea-Bissau's digital transformation, a policy agenda in which the Government of Guinea Bissau (GoGB) has expressed keen interest
    Note: Africa , Africa Western and Central (AFW) , Guinea-Bissau
    DOI: 10.1596/37730
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  • 81
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    Digital Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification Systems and Their Application in Future Carbon Markets (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Energy ; Energy and Environment ; Environment ; Kyoto Protocol ; Carbon Emission Reduction ; Cdm ; D-mrv ; Ghg Emissions ; Kyoto Protocol ; Mrv ; Ndcs ; Paris Agreement
    Abstract: International carbon markets under the Paris Agreement are significantly different from those under the Kyoto Protocol. Under the Kyoto Protocol, only developed countries had greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, and the protocol defined how carbon units could be traded across countries under international market mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). By contrast, under the Paris Agreement both developed and developing countries are required to submit GHG mitigation goals as part of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The purpose of this technical report is to illustrate the need for digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (D-MRV) systems to underpin future carbon markets under the goals of the Paris Agreement by discussing the available technologies and barriers to their adoption. It includes guidelines, tools, and lessons learned to promote the use of these systems and emerging technologies. Section 1 of the report makes the case for transitioning from a conventional monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system to a D-MRV system. It also examines the resources needed to develop and implement a D-MRV system, and what an enabling policy and regulatory environment for D-MRV systems might look like. Finally, it suggests a tool for assessing whether a parameter can beneficially be monitored and reported under a D-MRV system.Section 2 offers case studies from across the world demonstrating how D-MRV systems can be used to monitor, report, and verify mitigation actions and greenhouse gas inventories linked to forestry and land-use projects, household and rural renewable energy projects, and even waste-to-energy projects. The case studies include lessons learned and best practices for developing, implementing, and managing a D-MRV system
    DOI: 10.1596/37622
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  • 82
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    Government Migration to Cloud Ecosystems : Multiple Options, Significant Benefits, Manageable Risks (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; E-Finance and E-Security ; E-Government ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Benefits Of Cloud Computing ; Cloud Security ; Collaboration Between Government Agencies ; Data Privacy ; Digital Infrastructure ; Government Data Risk Mitigation ; Government Data Security ; Transition To Cloud Infrastructure ; Types Of Data And Security
    Abstract: Migrating from legacy IT infrastructure and data storage to cloud services can yield enormous benefits for governments: it can save governments money; increase the integrity, quality, and speed with which they deliver services; and provide access to the most advanced analytical tools and cybersecurity features available. These benefits have spurred a shift by governments across the globe away from legacy information technology (IT) systems, and towards cloud solutions, including public cloud services
    DOI: 10.1596/37556
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  • 83
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    Technical Note on Open Banking : Comparative Study on Regulatory Approaches (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Banking Law ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; ICT Applications ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Law and Development ; Api Infrastructure ; Api Security ; Bank Api Development ; Banking Applications ; Data Privacy ; Financial Inclusion Global Initiative (figi) ; Fintech Law ; Open Banking ; Open Banking Legal Framework ; Open Banking Regulation
    Abstract: Open banking has emerged strongly in the past few years as a system to give customers the right to share with parties they trust the information that banks have about them in a secure manner and also as a way to open up processes and services in banking. The main objectives pursued by regulatory frameworks that define open banking are generally encouraging innovation and fostering competition, resulting in new products and services at competitive prices to the benefit of consumers. With that in mind, and with the United Kingdom as a first mover, different regulatory approaches have been developed. Some of them are regulatory driven, while in other cases, with a hands-off approach, they have been led by industry. In between, we also find collaborative models in which both the public sector and private-party players are instrumental to the definition and adoption of open banking. Regulatory approaches also differ in the scope of data that is to be shared, the definition of the financial institutions that have to publish their application programming inter-faces and share data, the mandatory or voluntary nature of the framework, the definition of the type of license that third-party providers need to operate, and the definition or not of concrete standards, among other things. While there is no single right approach, there are common challenges that countries considering regulation certainly need to bear in mind in terms of the definition and interoperability of technical standards, security, governance, and consent and authentication mechanisms. Although open-banking regulatory frameworks have been operating for less than two years at most, early lessons can be drawn from the first movers and the debates that are taking place between regulators and market participants
    DOI: 10.1596/37483
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  • 84
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    Digital and Telecom : Myanmar Infrastructure Monitoring (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Telecommunications ; Digital Technology ; Armed Conflict
    Abstract: Myanmar has experienced a series of total and partial internet shutdowns since the military coup in February 2021. These restrictions have varied in intensity across the country and over time, ranging from the complete shutdown of all wireless broadband services and nightly shutdowns of fixed line services between February and April 2021, followed by limited access to a whitelist of websites and services and intermittent subnational shutdowns starting in May 2021. The restrictions on internet access have had a profound impact on investments in the sector, subsequently affecting the growth of digital infrastructure and digitally enabled services in Myanmar. Internet restrictions have also had important implications on household welfare, firm operations, and growth of the digital economy in Myanmar. New regulations, market exit by private sector providers, and continued internet restrictions threaten to reverse the progress made over the last decade. Continued internet restrictions can lead to further restraint of online economic activity and closure of many young digital start-ups that rely on consistent, reliable, and widespread internet adoption to reach markets
    Note: East Asia and Pacific , Myanmar
    DOI: 10.1596/37427
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  • 85
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    Deep-Dive on Malaysia's Digital Services Trade : The Malaysia Development Experience Series - March 2022 (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: E-Business ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Private Sector Development ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; Infrastructure Investment ; Digital Economy Development ; Digital Global Value Chains ; Digital Network Services ; Digital Services Trade ; Digital Business ; Internet Penetration Ratios ; Internet Regulation ; Private Telecommunication Investment ; Skills Development ; Small Medium Size Firms
    Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital technologies around the world has impacted many economic and social activities with increasingly reliable and fast Internet connectivity changing how people communicate, work, and live. Digital services have also played an important role in keeping the world connected and economies running during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore crucial that countries implement proactive polices to become more digitalized and target the creation of an inclusive digital economy in order to foster sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Cross-border data transfer regulations also play an important role in supporting trade in digital services. The Malaysia digital economy report produced by the World Bank in 2018 examined three interrelated issues that are closely aligned with Malaysia's own goal of becoming an e-commerce hub for the region. Building on this research agenda, this deep dive seeks to explain how the role of digital services trade can be enhanced to contribute to Malaysia's competitiveness and integration into the global marketplace. The paper is structured as follows: section one gives introduction and context. Sections 2 and 3 benchmarks Malaysia's digital preparedness (for example, in terms of Internet penetration ratios) against its structural, aspirational, and regional peers. Section 4 assesses the performance of Malaysia's digital services trade and digital economy, including in sub-sectors such as e-commerce and FinTech which are both important elements of digitalization. Section 5 discusses the constraints to deeper integration and development of the digital sector in the Malaysian economy. Section 6 presents the main findings and makes policy recommendations
    Note: East Asia and Pacific , Malaysia
    DOI: 10.1596/37460
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  • 86
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    Deep-Dive on Malaysia's Higher Education Services TradeThe Malaysia Development Experience Series : March 2022 (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Services Industry ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Higher Education ; Education Data ; Education Services Sector ; Foreign Students ; Affordable Education ; Higher Education Institution (hei) ; Higher Education Marketing ; International Campus ; University
    Abstract: Malaysia's higher education sector expanded rapidly in the late 1990s, with the number of institutions peaking in 2001 and the number of international students peaking in 2017. Following improvements in the quality of local universities and the establishment of branches of international campuses in Malaysia, the country has become a net receiver of foreign students. Enhanced trade in the higher education sector, and the expansion of the sector, bodes well for Malaysia's next phase of economic development. The objectives of this paper are to document the pattern of trade in higher education services in Malaysia and to analyze the main factors that constrain trade in this sector. First, the paper aims to document Malaysia's higher education landscape and the pattern of trade in each of the four modes of services trade. Second, it seeks to identify key policy challenges and constraints affecting this sector. The paper employs a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and institutional research methods. The paper finds that despite numerous liberalization measures, a number of remaining restrictions and limitations continue to impact trade in the sector. The paper finds that the most significant policy challenges likely relate to domestic constraints. To attract foreign students and faculty members and to enhance trade in the higher education sector, it is crucial to ease the visa and immigration processes and rules. Furthermore, measures to enhance the digitalization of administrative processes at the regulatory agencies and at Higher Education Institution (HEIs) can increase efficiency, with the potential to reduce the burden associated with excessive documentation requirements. It is also crucial that agencies and universities systematically collect more data to better inform policy reforms and guide universities in how to improve their programs
    Note: East Asia and Pacific , Malaysia
    DOI: 10.1596/37466
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  • 87
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    Fintech and SME FinanceFintech and the Future of Finance Flagship Technical Note : Expanding Responsible Access (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Securities Markets Policy and Regulation ; Covid-19 And Digital Finance ; Digital Finance ; Fintech Asset-based Lending ; Fintech Digital Credit ; Fintech Equity Products ; Fintech Regulatory Recommendations ; Small And Medium Enterprise ; Sme Access To Finance ; Tokenized Assets
    Abstract: This technical note is structured in the following manner. Section two provides an overview of the main barriers and frictions that SMEs face to access finance. Section three explores how digitization is an enabler for SME finance and how different fintech solutions address these barriers. The fintech solutions analyzed include digital credit, asset-based lending, and equity products. Also examined are innovative products such as digital payments, credit risk assessment using alternative data, tokenized assets, and electronic invoicing. Market enablers such as e-commerce and open banking, and the digitization of business processes, which contribute to addressing the barriers and frictions to SME access to finance, are also highlighted. Section four analyzes how the providers of these fintech solutions for SMEs impact traditional banks, financial institutions, and implications on the financial market structure. This section also discusses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of digital financial products for SMEs. Section five then addresses some of the key risks and challenges involved in the adoption of digital financial products and key market enablers. Finally, section six presents policy and regulatory recommendations to address the different challenges
    DOI: 10.1596/37355
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  • 88
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    A Better Future for All Nigerians : Nigeria Poverty Assessment 2022 (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor Markets ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Climate Shocks ; Conflict Shocks ; Economic Impact Of Covid ; Inclusive Growth ; Nigeria Microdata ; Post-covid Inflation
    Abstract: This poverty assessment lays out the broad development challenges that Nigeria faces, which constrain the country's poverty reduction. The discussion provides the backdrop for the detailed analysis presented in later parts of the report. First, the introductory section links Nigeria's macroeconomic performance with its prospects for poverty reduction, emphasizing that the country may be struggling to stimulate inclusive growth: that is, growth that would benefit Nigerians across the welfare distribution. Second, the section examines the proliferating climate and conflict shocks that Nigeria faces, which further complicate poverty reduction. Third, the section describes how the "double shock" of COVID-19 has affected Nigeria, through both health and economic impacts and discusses the recent acceleration in inflation. Finally, this introduction considers Nigeria's data landscape, explaining how new microdata offer vital insights into the country's pathways out of poverty
    Note: Africa , Africa Western and Central (AFW) , Nigeria
    DOI: 10.1596/37295
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  • 89
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    Insuring Nature's Survival : The Role of Insurance in Meeting the Financial Need to Preserve Biodiversity (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Biodiversity ; Insurance ; Risk Management ; Environmental Protections ; Climate Change Impact ; Climate Change Management
    Abstract: Biodiversity loss will be an increasingly important source of risk and opportunity for the insurance sector. The significant degradation of ecosystems has the potential to materially impact global finance, economies, and societies alike. Understanding the physical and transition risks associated with biodiversity loss and working to mitigate the damage to biodiversity will be a key aspect of meeting the targets set by the Paris Agreement. Insurance companies will be impacted by biodiversity risks in several ways: as underwriters, as investors, and as corporate citizens. Insurers will be impacted both by changes in climate and biodiversity and by transition risks affecting the risks they insure or the investments they make. Insurance can promote investment in biodiversity in three ways: (i) asset protection, (ii) liability reduction, and (iii) facilitation of capital inflow from the financial markets. Ideally, efforts to protect biodiversity will include a combination of instruments, not only insurance. Insurers, as investors, can contribute directly to the preservation of biodiversity by channeling capital towards biodiversity-positive investments, but the opportunities to do so are still limited. The G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap (G20 SFWG, 2021) highlighted the need to integrate nature and biodiversity in future work on sustainable finance. The financial materiality of underestimating or inaccurately pricing biodiversity-related risks could pose a threat to the solvency of the insurance industry and lead to an increase in exclusions of uninsurable risks. Risk management can be enhanced by combining the results of both catastrophe and climate risk models, but more needs to be done to incorporate biodiversity risk. Combining ecological action with financial protection can make good economic and financial sense and help overcome the pricing issues associated with risks such as wildfire
    DOI: 10.1596/37437
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  • 90
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    Resilient Transport in Small Island Developing States : From a Call for Action to Action (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Rural Development ; Rural Roads and Transport ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Climate Change Impact ; Resiliant Transport ; Sids ; Small Island Developing States ; Tams ; Transport Asset Management Systems ; Transportation Infrastructure
    Abstract: Small island developing states (SIDS) are among the most exposed, vulnerable countries in the world to natural hazards and the impacts of climate change. SIDS are already experiencing significant economic and social losses from climate change impacts. Extreme weather events such as flooding and hurricanes significantly affect the transport sector, with damage from such events accounting for a large percentage of total infrastructure damage costs. The need for climate adaptation is recognized in SIDS' nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The World Bank supports its clients in implementing nationally determined contribution objectives and actions. The World Bank's programmatic technical assistance, Resilient Transport in Small Island Developing States, implemented with the aim of enhancing the resilience of the transport sector in SIDS, was delivered in three phases. The objective of this report is to help practitioners integrate climate resilience considerations into transport asset management and thus enhance climate resilience in the transport sector of SIDS (Phases 2 and 3 of the technical assistance). The report starts by introducing the topic of natural hazards and climate change in SIDS and how they affect the transport sector. The report describes how governments can develop resilient transport asset management systems (TAMS) and then summarizes the activities implemented in four SIDS, Cape Verde in Africa, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the Caribbean, and Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in the Pacific,and shares lessons learned to improve the approach and framework. Finally, the report introduces an online training course on resilient TAMS and the i-Knowledge platform
    DOI: 10.1596/37430
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  • 91
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    Turkiye : Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy-Environment Review
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Climate Change ; Climate Commitments ; Economic Impact Of Climate Change ; Green Energy ; Vulnerability To Climate Change
    Abstract: Integrating climate and development is a pillar of the World Bank Group's Climate Change Action Plan 2021-25. To advance its implementation, the Bank Group has launched a new, core diagnostic tool: the Country Climate and Development Report, a new, core diagnostic tool that analyzes how a country's development goals can be achieved in the context of adapting to and mitigating against climate change. These reports will reflect the country's climate commitments and identify ways to support their implementation through public and private sector solutions. They will capture the centrality of people in policies on climate change adaptation and mitigation, assessing how climate risks affect people, and ways in which governments can build resilience and address poverty, distributional and job impact of climate change and climate action. The Turkiye Country Climate and Development Report explores how climate action, in line with the country's mitigation goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2053 as well as its adaptation and resilience needs, interact with its growth and development path and contribute to achieving the country's development objectives, help seize opportunities offered by green technologies, protect the economy against longer-term risks such as large-scale disasters or carbon lock-in as the world transitions towards zero-carbon technologies, and support a just and inclusive transition for all
    Note: Europe , Europe and Central Asia , Turkey
    DOI: 10.1596/37521
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  • 92
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    Vietnam Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Air Pollution ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Air Pollution ; Climate Change ; Economic Impact Of Climate Change ; Ghg Emissions ; Zero Emissions Goal
    Abstract: Like most countries in the world, Vietnam is increasingly seeing its development affected by climate change. With a coastline of 3,260 kilometers that includes major cities and production sites, Vietnam is highly exposed to sea-level rise. Climate change impacts on the Vietnamese economy and national welfare are already significant-about 3.2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020-and they are expected to escalate rapidly even if greater efforts are made to mitigate future climate change around the world. Vietnam has historically had very low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but over the past two decades, it has seen some of the fastest emissions growth rates in the world. From 2000 to 2015, as GDP per capita increased from USD 390 to USD 2,000, per capita emissions more than quadrupled. Vietnam's GHG emissions are associated with toxic air pollution in many of its cities today, with implications for health and labor productivity. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021 (COP26), the Prime Minister made several commitments, including an ambitious target of reducing emissions to net zero by 2050. Vietnam's increased attention to climate change and the environment reflects the growing economic costs of resource depletion and climate impacts, which have already started to harm trade and investment- two key drivers of the nation's robust growth and job creation in recent decades. Vietnam now faces critical questions about how to respond to climate change: How intensively should it work to adapt to previous and predicted damages caused by climate change, given the uncertainty of global mitigation efforts? How much will it cost to reduce GHG emissions? How can the private sector be mobilized to help achieve Vietnam's climate goals? Are there trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation investments? Are there trade-offs between economic growth, poverty reduction, and climate action, and how can they be managed? Which sectors and regions should be prioritized? What are the distributional implications of a low-carbon, climate-resilient growth path? The Vietnam Country and Climate Development Report (CCDR) investigates these questions. One of the first in a series of country-level diagnostics produced by the World Bank Group (WBG) under its 2021-2025 Climate Change Action Plan, the CCDR examines the adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by Vietnam. It pays special attention to policy trade-offs and provides recommendations to help policy makers prioritize among a range of options, recognizing uncertainties about future climate change impacts and the availability of technology and financing
    Note: East Asia , East Asia and Pacific , Vietnam
    DOI: 10.1596/37618
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    Botswana Digital Economy Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: ICT Economics ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Digital Businesses ; Digital Economy ; Digital Financial Services ; Digital Infrastructure ; Digital Public Platforms ; Digital Skills ; High-speed Internet
    Abstract: Digital technologies are paving the way for economic growth and new service delivery models across Africa. On key digital indicators, Botswana fares similarly or better than regional neighbors, but is lagging behind global peers with the same income levels, illustrating the potential to enhance performance. The digital economy in Botswana rests on several relatively strong individual strategies, policies, and regulations. However, when combined, these form a somewhat fragmented framework - further challenged by oftentimes slow implementation. This digital economy for Africa (DE4A) report considers the digital economy's five foundational pillars, as well as cross-cutting issues. The report summarizes pillar status and recommendations for addressing challenges: infrastructure; digital platforms; digital financial services (DFS); digital business; digital skills; and suggested priority areas for action
    Note: Africa , Africa Eastern and Southern (AFE) , Botswana
    DOI: 10.1596/37786
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 94
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    Engaging Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) for Successful ID Systems : Guidance Note (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: E-Government ; Governance ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Active Civil Engagement ; Id Project Implementation ; Id System Transition ; Identification For Development (id4d) ; Inclusion ; Individual Data Rights
    Abstract: The success of ID projects goes beyond technology-people need to understand and trust the ID system, and governments require information to monitor, evaluate, and improve implementation. If a system is poorly designed and does not reflect the needs and views of the communities it is intended to serve, this can lead to inefficient solutions, trust deficits, low adoption, and exclusion of marginalized groups. Systematic engagement can help improve outcomes for both government and population by fostering confidence and providing early identification of potential problems. The importance of developing ID systems based on inclusion, trust, accountability, and transparency has been recognized by the international community in the Principles on Identification for Sustainable Development. This guidance note aims to inform practitioners undertaking civil registration and ID system projects about the benefits and importance of proactively and meaningfully engaging with civil society organizations (CSOs). Practitioners will also be equipped with leading practice tools and resources to effectively engage CSOs from design to deployment. The information contained in this note is intended to complement World Bank frameworks on stakeholder engagement, which explain how to consult intended beneficiaries and adversely affected populations as part of the planning, design, and implementation of ID projects. This discussion focuses on the specifics of engaging with CSOs, following the request for further guidance formulated by CSOs and ID authorities themselves; these organizations act as an important intermediary to provide a voice to communities and segments of the population that lack a platform or sufficient organization to influence public decisions
    DOI: 10.1596/38106
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 95
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    Towards a Greener Economy in Uzbekistan (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Air Pollution ; Climate Change Economics ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Protection ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Sustainability ; Water Supply ; Air Pollution ; Climate Strategy ; Green Economy ; Green Finance ; Green Jobs ; Land Degradation ; Low-carbon ; Natural Capital ; Resource-incentive ; Sustainability ; Water Supply
    Abstract: This report is an extended Country Environmental Assessment that identifies key issues and priorities for action as Uzbekistan transitions to a sustainable and inclusive market economy. Land degradation, water stress, and air pollution from particulate matter are the main environmental issues, with additional socio-economic risks to the country from its high energy and carbon intensity and the impact of climate change on vulnerable communities. The report analyzes strategies for greening the economic transition, including resource efficiency and landscape restoration, the low-carbon transition, resilience against natural disasters and climate change, urban air quality and sustainable cities, green employment and public institutions, and green finance. Additional follow-up studies to inform detailed policy formulation and action include distributional analysis, adaptation strategy and planning, a Long-Term Decarbonization Strategy, and Climate Change Institutional Assessment, among others
    Note: Europe and Central Asia , Uzbekistan
    DOI: 10.1596/37994
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 96
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    Nepal Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Air Pollution ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Forests ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Agriculture ; Air Pollution ; Climate Change ; Disaster Risk Management ; Economic Impact ; Fiscal Reform ; Forests ; Ghg Emissions ; Road Network Resilience ; Transport Infrastructure ; Water Resources
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) identifies ways that Nepal can achieve its overall development objectives while fostering its strategic ambition to transition to a greener, more resilient, and inclusive development pathway. This report is organized as follows: Chapter 1 captures the current situation in the country with respect to climate impacts and risks, emission sources, and opportunities for integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation. Chapter 2 describes the government's response, through sectoral and economywide commitments, laws, and regulations. Chapter 3 assesses the impacts of climate change on the macroeconomy and road transport systems, given their critical role to connectivity. It also analyzes the links between climate change and air pollution, poverty, health, social inclusion, and community resilience. Chapter 4 presents pathways to transition to resilience, looking at integrated management of landscape systems comprising water, agriculture, and forests as well as strengthening climate and disaster risk management governance. Chapter 5 analyzes pathways to transition to decarbonization, primarily the potential for hydropower expansion domestically and in the region. It also looks at transport and urban opportunities to reduce emissions while enhancing resilience and adaptation co-benefits. Chapter 6 discusses how to scale up financing for resilience, hydropower, and other opportunities, given the limitations of the country's fiscal space. Chapter 7 presents a prioritization framework for the most transformational climate action with seven 'policy packages'-one for each priority transition and each key enabler-that contain specific recommendations for how to move from analysis to action
    Note: Nepal , South Asia
    DOI: 10.1596/38012
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 97
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    National Digital Identity and Government Data Sharing in Singapore : A Case Study of Singpass and APEX (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Digital Identity ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Private Sector ; Science and Technology Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology Innovation ; Apex ; Api Exchange ; Digital Identity ; Digital Wallet ; Govtech ; Id Systems ; Interoperability ; Ndi ; Private Sector ; Singpass ; Smart Nation ; Technology Adoption
    Abstract: This case study describes Singpass, Singapore's national digital identity (NDI), and API Exchange (APEX), the government's data-sharing platform. It highlights not just how they work but also how they work together. Built by the Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech), both products have helped to improve the lives of Singaporeans and residents, and to enable government agencies and businesses to offer better services. This has contributed greatly to Singapore becoming a leading digital government, economy, and society, which are the three pillars of its Smart Nation Initiative
    Note: Singapore , South Asia
    DOI: 10.1596/38201
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 98
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    Peru Country Climate and Development Report (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Resilience ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Adaptation ; Climate Change ; Green Growth ; Low-carbon ; Resilience ; Transition
    Abstract: The Peru Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) provides analysis and recommendations on integrating the country's efforts to achieve economic development with the pursuit of emission reduction and climate resilience. The CCDR explores opportunities and trade-offs for aligning Peru's development path with its recent commitments on climate change. Peru is highly vulnerable to climate change and needs urgent adaptation action. Peru can benefit from decarbonization policies, thanks to its mining, forestry and agriculture, and renewable energy resources. Peru has many opportunities to develop and implement comprehensive climate policies that also increase productivity and reduce poverty. A low-carbon, resilient development for Peru would require substantial institutional reforms, in addition to public and private investments
    Note: Latin America & Caribbean , Peru , South America
    DOI: 10.1596/38251
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 99
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    Madagascar Country Environmental Analysis (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Environment ; Natural Resources ; Natural Resources Management ; Public Sector Development ; Tourism and Ecotourism ; Blue Economy ; Climate Change ; Environmental Challenges ; Integrated Landscape Management ; Natural Resources ; Nature-based Tourism ; Protected Areas
    Abstract: Madagascar remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The country has endured stubbornly high poverty rates and limited economic growth for decades. Madagascar sustained modest Gross domestic product (GDP) growth between 2013 and 2019, but by 2020, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the country's export revenue and private investment plummeted, triggering a GDP contraction of 7.2 percent. That economic deterioration resulted in an all-time high poverty rate of 80.7 percent in 2021. While the island nation struggles with economic poverty, Madagascar is rich in natural resources. With dense forests surrounded by almost 5,000 km of coastline, multiple economic sectors have the potential to grow and contribute to poverty reduction. Tapping into and investing in the development of Madagascar's natural resources offers the country a path toward sustainable economic development. To do so will require careful management to ensure these resources are not degraded or destroyed in the process. The Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) report assesses three areas that are key to promoting Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Development in Madagascar: sustainable landscape management, the Blue Economy, and nature-based tourism. Additionally, the CEA highlights the persistent and emerging environmental challenges confronting the country, from air pollution to waste management, and the need to manage these to ensure sustainable development
    Note: Africa , Africa Eastern and Southern (AFE) , Madagascar
    DOI: 10.1596/38211
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 100
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    Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Electricity Grids : Context and Good Practices for Transmission and Distribution System Operators (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Cyber Threat Landscape ; Cybersecurity ; Electricity Grids ; Incidents ; Management System ; Monitoring ; Network Security ; Operational Technologies ; Third-party Risk ; Vulnerabilities
    Abstract: Cyberattacks against industrial control systems (ICS) are on the rise. Roughly one-third of ICS were targeted by malicious activity in the first half of 2021, with hackers often tied to nation-states and organized crime. Electric utilities around the world have been undergoing a transformative digitalization process, promoting efficiency but also exposing the sector to cyberattacks that can have serious negative effects on other critical infrastructure (transport, water supply, et cetera). Given the increased connectivity and digitalization of power networks, and the convergence of operational technology (OT) with information technology (IT), cybersecurity and proactive cyber risk management in the electricity sector have become a necessity
    Note: World
    DOI: 10.1596/38207
    URL: kostenfrei
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