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  • 1
    ISBN: 9780833092625 , 0833093835 , 0833092626 , 9780833093837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 38 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1273-OSD
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Asymmetric warfare ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Insurgency History 21st century ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Asymmetric warfare ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Insurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Asymmetric warfare ; Counterinsurgency ; Insurgency ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Afghanistan ; Case studies ; History ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Previous RAND research examined 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2010 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices corresponded perfectly with the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices was always positive when the outcome was a COIN win (insurgent loss) and always negative when the outcome was a COIN loss (insurgent win). Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in 2015. The effort involved an expert elicitation in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. It was the third Afghanistan-focused exercise conducted with the scorecard, allowing rough comparisons with scores assigned by expert panels in 2011 and 2013. The 2015 consensus results indicated that Afghanistan continues to have a positive score, though its score is tied with the lowest-scoring historical wins. Two factors remained absent in Afghanistan in 2015 but essential to success in historical COIN campaigns: disrupting flows of tangible support to the insurgents and a demonstration (and improvement) of commitment and motivation on the part of the Afghan National Security Forces, the primary COIN force since the coalition drawdown. Despite some potentially positive developments resulting from the 2014 election of a new government in Afghanistan, it appears that the most promising end to the conflict will be a negotiated settlement in which the Afghan government makes some concessions to the insurgents and in which external powers, including the United States and Pakistan, help broker a satisfactory power-sharing agreement that brings greater stability to the country"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figure and Tables -- Summary -- Counterinsurgency Scorecard Update: Afghanistan in Early 2015 Relative to Insurgencies Since World War II -- Findings from Previous Research on Insurgency: Findings from Previous Research on Insurgency -- The Counterinsurgency Scorecard -- Endgames for Insurgencies: Getting to Negotiated Settlements -- Scoring the Ongoing Conflict in Afghanistan: Using the Delphi Method -- Building on Previous Scorecards -- 2015 Scorecard Results: Specific Factors in the Current Case -- Notes on Factors Present or Absent in 2015 but Tenuous in the Future -- 2015 Results Compared with Previous Results and Analyses: What Improved? -- What Declined? -- What Stayed the Same? -- Scorecard and Duration of Conflict -- Summary of Scorecard Analyses -- Prospects for a Negotiated Settlement -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- APPENDIX -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-38)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9780833090874 , 0833093479 , 0833090879 , 9780833093479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 60 pages)
    Series Statement: Research Report RR-1069-MCIA
    Parallel Title: Print version Connable, Ben From negative to positive stability
    Keywords: Forced migration ; Humanitarian assistance ; National security 21st century ; International relief ; Emigration and immigration law ; Refugees ; Forced migration ; Humanitarian assistance ; National security ; International relief ; Emigration and immigration law ; Refugees ; Economic history ; Emigration and immigration law ; Forced migration ; Humanitarian assistance ; International relief ; National security ; Refugees ; Social conditions ; Civil War (Syria : 2011- ) ; Jordan ; Syria ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Human Rights ; History ; Jordan Economic conditions 21st century ; Jordan Social conditions 21st century ; Syria History Civil War, 2011- ; Jordan ; Jordan ; Syria ; Electronic book
    Abstract: "As of late 2014, many American and Jordanian experts believe Jordan to be stable. Yet while Jordan is stable, it faces a range of existing and emerging challenges. These include chronic unemployment, sporadic political unrest, budget deficits, a water shortage, and geographically isolated yet troubling internal security concerns. The Syrian refugee crisis both exacerbates these challenges and offers opportunities to the government of Jordan. If the Syrian refugees remain relatively content and continue to assimilate into northern and central Jordan, they might directly benefit the Jordanian economy by stimulating growth. Donors and lenders have increased their support to Jordan, in turn offering the government an opportunity to improve the lives of both Syrian refugees and Jordanian citizens. Most important, Jordan benefits from what one expert terms negative stability: Jordanian citizens might be dissatisfied with many aspects of their government, but the chaos in neighboring states has thus far dissuaded Jordanians from pursuing civil or violent actions that might destabilize Jordan. Jordanians do not want their country to look like Syria, Iraq, or Egypt. Jordan is likely to undergo further and perhaps unforeseen challenges in 2015 and 2016, but it has the opportunity to alleviate many of its enduring challenges. If Jordan wisely invests forthcoming international refugee support, it has the opportunity to shift popular outlook from negative to positive--and more optimistic--stability. This report's analytic forecasts should help the United States determine how to support Jordan as it faces the Syrian refugee crisis"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figures and Table -- Summary -- Chapter One: Introduction to the Status of Syrian Refugees as of Late 2014: Geographic Orientation and Syrian Refugees as of Late 2014 -- Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Late 2014 -- Methodology -- Organization of This Report -- Chapter Two: Assessment of Stability and Strategic Challenges: Late 2014: Jordan's Stability as of Late 2014 -- Security from External and Internal Threats -- Political Turmoil and the Impact of the Arab Spring -- Water Shortages Contribute to Economic and Social Unease -- Economic and Financial Dependencies -- Existing Refugee and Nonnational Worker Populations -- Summary of Stability Issues as of Late 2014 -- Chapter Three: Economic Factors and Forecasted Impact: Current Economic Status and Economic Integration of Syrian Refugees -- Forecast: The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Jordan's Economic Stability -- Chapter Four: Social Factors and Forecasted Impact: Assessing Late-2014 Social Integration and Social Impacts of Syrian Refugees -- Forecast: Impact of Syrian Refugees on Jordan's Social Stability -- Chapter Five: Security Assessment and Forecasted Impact: Impact of Syrian Refugees on Jordanian Security as of Late 2014 -- Forecast: The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Jordan's Security -- Chapter Six: Conclusion, Summary Forecast, and Black Swan Warnings: Black Swans -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography.
    Note: "November 30, 2015"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-60)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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