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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (6,510)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The abuse and misuse of the term "Austerity" Implications for OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 109-122 | volume:14 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:109-122
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 109-122
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:109-122
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Austerity has become a widely used term in economic research and popular media as many countries have recently implemented deficit reduction policies. This article begins by exploring definitions of austerity used in research and the ways these different definitions impact analysis of policy effects. The article then takes into account a number of factors that can affect the outcome of these so-called austerity measures, including economic conditions, time period, and parties impacted by the policies. Without a clear definition of austerity and the contexts under which it is implemented, a conclusive analysis of austerity’s effects cannot be conducted. This article concludes that the term “austerity” will remain a confusing term that can breed misunderstanding, social uprisings, political unrest, and ill-prescribed solutions to economic problems. JEL classification: H10, H12, H41, H60 Keywords: Austerity, spending cuts, deficits, tax increases, recession
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-14-5jxrmdxc6sq1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nuclear Site Remediation and Restoration during Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations : A Report by the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264222182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related remedial actions are currently being undertaken around the world to enable sites or parts of sites to be reused for other purposes. Remediation has generally been considered as the last step in a sequence of decommissioning steps, but the values of prevention, long-term planning and parallel remediation are increasingly being recognised as important steps in the process. This report, prepared by the Task Group on Nuclear Site Restoration of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning, highlights lessons learnt from remediation experiences of NEA member countries that may be particularly helpful to practitioners of nuclear site remediation, regulators and site operators. It provides observations and recommendations to consider in the development of strategies and plans for efcient nuclear site remediation that ensures protection of workers and the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264222182-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223387
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Projekt Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht enthält Empfehlungen für nationale Regeln zur Neutralisierung des Effekts hybrider Gestaltungen sowie für entsprechende Änderungen des OECD-Musterabkommens. Wenn sie in nationales Recht umgesetzt sind, werden die Empfehlungen in Teil 1 des Berichts die Effekte von grenzüberschreitenden hybriden Gestaltungen neutralisieren, die zu Mehrfachabzügen ein und desselben Betriebsausgabenpostens bzw. zu einem Betriebsausgabenabzug in einem Staat ohne entsprechende Einnahmenbesteuerung in einem anderen Staat führen. Teil 1 des Berichts wird durch einen Kommentar ergänzt werden, der die empfohlenen Regeln erklären und ihre Anwendung anhand konkreter Beispiele erläutern soll. In Teil 2 des Berichts werden Änderungen des Musterabkommens vorgeschlagen, die gewährleisten sollen, dass hybriden Rechtsträgern (einschließlich doppelt ansässiger Rechtsträger) die Vorteile von Steuerabkommen nur dann gewährt werden, wenn dies tatsächlich angemessen ist. Des Weiteren wird in Teil 2 auf das Zusammenspiel zwischen dem OECD-Musterabkommen und den in Teil 1 empfohlenen nationalen Regeln eingegangen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223387-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 474: Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 474; Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mammalian in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts, by analysis of erythrocytes as sampled in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells of animals, usually rodents (mice or rats). The purpose of the micronucleus test is to identify substances (liquid or solid) that cause cytogenetic damage which results in the formation of micronuclei containing lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. Animals are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection). Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. Administration of the treatments consists of a single dose of test substance or two daily doses (or more). The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224292-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators For Industry (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264221741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators (“Guidance on SPI”) was prepared to assist enterprises that wish to implement and/or review Safety Performance Indicator Programmes. The three chapters in this Guidance are designed to help enterprises better understand safety performance indicators, and how to implement SPI Programmes. Specifically, Chapter 1 provides important background information on the Guidance and on SPIs more generally including (i) a description of the target audience for this Guidance, (ii) defi nitions of SPIs and related terms, and (iii) insights on the reasons for implementing an SPI Programme. Chapter 2 sets out a seven-step process for implementing an SPI Programme, along with three examples of how different types of enterprises might approach the establishment of such a Programme. These seven steps build on the experience of a number of enterprises in the UK that worked with the Health and Safety Executive to develop a practical approach for applying performance indicators. Chapter 3 provides additional support for the development of an SPI Programme by setting out a menu of possible elements (targets, outcome indicators and activities indicators). This menu is extensive in light of the different types of potentially interested enterprises, recognising that each enterprise will likely choose only a limited number of the elements to monitor its key areas of concern. Furthermore, it is understood that an enterprise may decide to implement an SPI Programme in steps, focusing fi rst on only a few priority areas, and then expanding and amending its Programme as experience is gained. Annexes provide further support with an expanded explanation of metrics and a summary of targets, along with a glossary, a list of selected references and a copy of the Guiding Principles’ “Golden Rules.”
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264221741-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 239 : Essai de Toxicité sur Myriophyllum Spicatum dans un Système Eau-Sédiment (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224162
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 239; Water-Sediment Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette ligne directrice vise à évaluer la toxicité des produits chimiques sur le développement des plantes aquatiques à racines (Myriophyllum spicatum) cultivées dans un système eau-sédiment. L’apex d’individus sains et sans fleur sont mis en pot dans un sédiment synthétique normalisé complété par des nutriments et soumis à au moins 5 concentrations différentes du produit chimique d’essai pendant une période de 14 jours. On utilise au minimum 6 réplicats pour les témoins et 4 réplicats pour chaque concentration d’essai. Les variables quantitatives mesurées sont la longueur de la tige et l’évolution du poids frais et sec, et les variables mesurées qualitatives sont la présence ou non de chlorose, et la nécrose ou les anomalies de croissance. On détermine le taux de croissance spécifique (r) et le rendement (y), qui sont ensuite utilisés pour obtenir la CxEr et la CxEy (x pouvant être par exemple 10, 20, 50). De plus, la concentration minimale avec effet observé (CMEO) et la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) peuvent être déterminées par calcul statistique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224162-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224438
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 ; Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic test substances in cells that have undergone cell division during or after exposure to the test substance. This Test Guideline allows the use of protocols with and without the actin polymerisation inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. This Test Guideline also allows the use of protocols without cytokinesis block provided there is evidence that the cell population analysed has undergone mitosis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224438-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report of the OECD workshop on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Strategies for the adoption and Implementation of IPM in Agriculture Contributing to the Sustainable Use of Pesticides and to Pesticide Risk Reduction (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264221635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.70
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is the report of the “OECD Workshop on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Strategies for the adoption and implementation of IPM in agriculture contributing to the sustainable use of pesticides and to pesticide risk reduction”, that took place on 16 19 October 2011, in Berlin, Germany, and was chaired by Dr. Wolfgang Zornbach of the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. The developed detailed recommendations for promoting and facilitating the adoption and implementation of IPM strategies and for encouraging appropriate stakeholders to use IPM tools and measures. The workshop was planned in the framework of the “OECD Strategic Approach in Pesticide Risk Reduction”. It addressed the following four main issues: technology and Information, economics and market access, policies and strategies and measurements and impact. This report includes the outcomes of the workshop discussions, as well as the overall workshop conclusions (Section 4) and recommendations (Section 5) targeted at governments, all stakeholders and OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264221635-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ‘Outsourcing' of Inspection Functions by Glp Compliance Monitoring Authorities (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264220959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is a statement of policy set by the 1989 Council Decision-Recommendation on Compliance with Good Laboratory Practice [C(89)87(Final). It reiterates the decisions and the recommendations related to the role and responsibilities of governments, national GLP compliance monitoring authorities and inspectors set out in that Act and its Annexes and states current practices. The Working Group on GLP is of the opinion that, while the Council Act allows “outsourcing” of inspection functions, this should be the exception rather than the rule and should be used only as an interim solution and primarily by new GLP compliance monitoring programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264220959-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 473: Essai d'aberration Chromosomique In Vitro chez les Mammifères (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224278
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 473; In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique est d'identifier les agents qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules mammifères cultivées. Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. L'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique peut utiliser des cultures de lignées cellulaires établies, des souches cellulaires ou des cultures de cellules primaires. Des cultures cellulaires sont exposées à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) avec et sans activation métabolique pendant environ 1.5 fois le cycle cellulaire normal. Au moins trois concentrations analysables de la substance d'essai devraient être employées. Il faut normalement réaliser les cultures en doublon à chaque niveau de dose. À intervalles prédéterminés après exposition des cultures de cellules à la substance d'essai, les cellules sont traitées avec une substance qui bloque la métaphase, récoltées et teintées. Les cellules métaphasiques sont analysées au microscope pour déceler les aberrations chromosomiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224278-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
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    Relever les défis fiscaux posés par l'économie numérique (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225183
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Le développement de l’économie numérique soulève des problématiques en matière de fiscalité internationale. Le présent rapport a vocation à analyser ces défis fiscaux. Les auteurs observent que, parce que l’économie numérique a tendance à devenir l’économie elle-même, il ne serait pas réaliste de vouloir la séparer, à des fins fiscales, des autres pans de l’économie. Ils notent cependant que certains modèles économiques et les principales caractéristiques de l’économie numérique peuvent exacerber les risques d’érosion de la base d’imposition et de transfert de bénéfices. Ces risques seront pris en compte dans le cadre des travaux portant sur les autres actions du Plan d’action BEPS, de même que les principales caractéristiques de l’économie numérique. Une analyse d’un certain nombre de défis fiscaux de portée plus générale soulevés par l’économie numérique est également proposée dans le rapport, complétée par un examen des options envisageables pour les relever, sachant que d’autres travaux devront être menés en 2015 pour évaluer aussi bien les défis que les solutions pour y faire face.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225183-fr
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  • 14
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    La gouvernance des services de l'eau en Jordanie : Surmonter les défis de la participation du secteur privé (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224537
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water Governance in Jordan; Overcoming the Challenges to Private Sector Participation
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Jordan
    Abstract: Ce rapport s’appuie sur les travaux de l’OCDE dans les domaines de la gouvernance de l’eau, de la politique de la réglementation et de la participation du secteur privé pour identifier les défis de gouvernance à la mobilisation des partenariats public-privé (PPP) dans la gestion des services de l’eau et de l’assainissement en Tunisie, et suggérer des recommandations de politiques publiques pour les surmonter. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre du dialogue sur les politiques conduit conjointement par l’OCDE et le Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) dans le cadre du projet labellisé par l’Union pour la Méditerranée (UpM) « Gouvernance et Financement du Secteur de l’Eau en Méditerranée », avec le soutien financier du fonds fiduciaire FEMIP de la Banque Européenne d’Investissement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224537-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
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    Measures of Tax Compliance Outcomes : A Practical Guide (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measures of tax compliance outcomes
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Messung ; Taxation
    Abstract: This study provides practical guidance to revenue bodies wishing to enhance and enrich their existing measures with timely measures of compliance outcomes. The study shares experiences of what has worked for revenue bodies, what challenges have been faced and how they might be overcome.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223233-en
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  • 16
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    Evaluaciones de la OCDE sobre el desempeño ambiental: México 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189188
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Análisis de los resultados medioambientales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE; Mexique 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: El programa de la OCDE sobre las evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental proporciona una evaluación independiente del progreso de los países para cumplir los compromisos nacionales e internacionales en materia de políticas ambientales junto con recomendaciones relevantes a dichas políticas. Las evaluaciones están dirigidas para promover el aprendizaje entre pares, estimular una mayor rendición de cuentas entre países y ante la opinión pública y para que los países mejoren su desempeño individual y colectivo en la gestión del medio ambiente. Las evaluaciones están apoyadas por un extenso número de datos económicos y ambientales. Cada ciclo de las evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental cubre todos los países miembros de la OCDE y algunos países socios. Entre los más recientes evaluaciones se encuentran: Alemania (2012), Eslovenia (2012), Israel (2011) y Eslovaquia (2011). Este informe es la tercera evaluación del desempeño ambiental de México. Evalúa el progreso hacia el desarrollo sostenible y el crecimiento verde y se centra en políticas sobre el cambio climático y aborda objetivos de biodiversidad y la conservación de bosques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189188-es
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  • 17
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay : Volume 1: Initial Assessment (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209459
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio Multi-Dimensional de Uruguay ; Volumen 1. Evaluación inicial
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Uruguay ; Vol. 1: Initial assessment
    Keywords: Development ; Uruguay ; Bericht ; Uruguay ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Abstract: Uruguay has made remarkable progress over the past decade. Stable macroeconomic policies and a favourable external environment have permitted brisk growth and the financing of social policies. Substantial improvements in several dimensions of human well-being have occurred during this period, alongside considerable reductions in external risks. The conditions ahead, however, may present challenges to maintaining performance. Overcoming these challenges will require finding the appropriate balance between long run objectives and macroeconomic and fiscal stability. One of the main obstacles to economic growth is the insufficient and inadequate provision of human capital and skills. A number of challenges remain for education, which, together with fiscal policy, are key means of reducing inequalities and sustaining economic growth. In addition, Uruguay needs to address labour shortages to avoid constraints on future growth, especially as exports become more skills-intensive. It is important to orient social policies and expenditures towards the most vulnerable groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209459-en
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  • 18
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Indonesia 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Indonesia 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Indonesien ; Taxation ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Indonesia. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217737-en
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  • 19
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    Making Mental Health Count : The Social and Economic Costs of Neglecting Mental Health Care (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hewlett, Emily Making mental health count
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Psychische Störung ; Untersuchung ; Soziale Kosten
    Abstract: Despite the enormous burden that mental ill-health imposes on individuals, their families, society, health systems and the economy, mental health care remains a neglected area of health policy in too many countries. Mental disorders represent a considerable disease burden, and have a significant impact on the lives of the OECD population, and account for considerable direct and indirect costs. This report argues that even in those OECD countries with a long history of deinstitutionalisation, there is still a long way to go to make community-based mental health care that achieves good outcomes for people with severe mental illness a reality. The disproportionate focus on severe mental illness has meant that mild-to-moderate mental illnesses, which makes up the largest burden of disease, have remained overwhelmingly neglected. This book addresses the high cost of mental illness, weaknesses and innovative developments in the organisation of care, changes and future directions for the mental health workforce, the need to develop better indicators for mental health care and quality, and tools for better governance of the mental health system. The high burden of mental ill health and the accompanying costs in terms of reduced quality of life, loss of productivity, and premature mortality, mean that making mental health count for all OECD countries is a priority.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208445-en
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  • 20
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    Stratégies d'emploi et de compétences au Canada (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211612
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Revues de l'OCDE sur la création locale d'emplois
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Employment and Skills Strategies in Canada
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Ce rapport se fonde sur l’analyse de données infranationales et sur la consultation de parties prenantes locales dans quatre régions d’étude et deux provinces. Il établit un cadre de comparaison permettant d’appréhender le rôle de l’échelon local en faveur d’emplois plus nombreux et de meilleure qualité. Il pourra aider les responsables des politiques fédérales, provinciales et locales au Canada à bâtir au niveau local des partenariats efficaces et pérennes, porteurs de synergies et de résultats plus solides du point de vue des mesures prises pour l’emploi, la formation et le développement économique. Des politiques coordonnées peuvent aider les travailleurs à trouver l’emploi qui leur convient tout en stimulant l’entrepreneuriat et la productivité, et aboutir ainsi à une meilleure qualité de vie et à plus de prospérité aussi bien au niveau local que, globalement, dans le pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264211612-fr
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  • 21
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    Measuring the Digital Economy : A New Perspective (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264221796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring the Digital Economy; A New Perspective (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital economy
    DDC: 381/.142
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Internetnutzung ; IKT-Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Statistik ; OECD ; Electronic Commerce ; Neue Medien ; Evaluation
    Abstract: The growing role of the digital economy in daily life has heightened demand for new data and measurement tools. Internationally comparable and timely statistics combined with robust cross-country analyses are crucial to strengthen the evidence base for digital economy policy making, particularly in a context of rapid change. This report presents indicators traditionally used to monitor the information society and complements them with experimental indicators that provide insight into areas of policy interest. The key objectives of this publication are to highlight measurement gaps and propose actions to advance the measurement agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264221796-en
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  • 22
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    Estudio sobre la contratación pública del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social : Aumentar la eficiencia e integridad para una mejor asistencia médica (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264200364
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Procurement Review of the Mexican Institute of Social Security; Enhancing Efficiency and Integrity for Better Health Care
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A partir de los Principios de la OCDE para fortalecer la integridad en la contratación pública (2008) y las buenas prácticas de organizaciones similares en otros países de la OCDE, el estudio aporta una evaluación integral de las estrategias, los sistemas y los processos de adquisición del IMSS, y se propone una hoja de ruta para la reforma de su función de adquisiciones.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264200364-es
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  • 23
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    Employment and Skills Strategies in the United States (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in the United States
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States
    Abstract: How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries confront following the global financial crisis. The Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD has developed international cross-comparative reviews on local job creation policies to examine the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment. Each country review examines the capacity of employment services and training providers to contribute to a long-term strategy which strengthens the resiliency of the local economy, increases skills levels and job quality. This report looks at the range of institutions and bodies involved in workforce and skills development in two states – California and Michigan. In-depth fieldwork focused on two local Workforce Investment Boards in each state: the Sacramento Employment and Training Agency (SETA); the Northern Rural and Training and Employment Consortium (NoRTEC); the Southeast Michigan Community Alliance (SEMCA); and the Great Lakes Bay Michigan Works. The report concludes with a number of recommendations and actions to promote job creation at the federal, state and local levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209398-en
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  • 24
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    Lavoro per gli immigrati : L'integrazione nel mercato del lavoro in Italia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264216570
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (153 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 4); Labour Market Integration in Italy
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: Fino alla metà degli anni Novanta, la percentuale degli immigrati in Italia era relativamente bassa nel confronto internazionale. L’immigrazione verso l’Italia è cresciuta rapidamente durante gli ultimi quindici anni. Tale crescita è riconducibile a una persistente domanda di lavoratori stranieri per posti di lavoro poco qualificati e poco remunerati, alla vicinanza delle zone di conflitto e all’allargamento dell’Unione europea alla Romania e la Bulgaria, avvenuto nel 2007. Questo rapporto presenta una visione d’insieme delle competenze e delle qualifiche degli immigrati in Italia, dei loro principali risultati nel mercato del lavoro paragonati a quelli degli altri Paesi a livello internazionale e della loro evoluzione nel tempo, tenendo conto della forte segmentazione del mercato del lavoro italiano e dell’alta percentuale di posti di lavoro informali. Il rapporto analizza la struttura di riferimento e i principali strumenti d’intervento per l’integrazione. Dedica una particolare attenzione al finanziamento e alla distribuzione delle competenze tra responsabili a livello nazionale e subnazionale. Infine, esamina l’integrazione scolastica e la transizione scuola-lavoro dei figli degli immigrati
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264216570-it
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  • 25
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    Risk Management and Corporate Governance (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264220102 , 9789264208636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk management and corporate governance
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Privatwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Singapur ; Schweiz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This sixth peer review of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance analyses the corporate governance framework and practices relating to corporate risk management, in the private sector and in state-owned enterprises. The review covers 26 jurisdictions and is based on a general survey of all participating jurisdictions in December 2012, as well as an in-depth review of corporate risk management in Norway, Singapore and Switzerland. The report finds that while risk-taking is a fundamental driving force in business and entrepreneurship, the cost of risk management failures is often underestimated, both externally and internally, including the cost in terms of management time needed to rectify the situation. The reports thus concludes that corporate governance should ensure that risks are understood, managed, and, when appropriate, communicated.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208636-en
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  • 26
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    OECD Framework for Regulatory Policy Evaluation (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arndt-Bascle, Christiane OECD framework for regulatory policy evaluation
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Bewertung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This publication provides countries with a Framework for Regulatory Policy Evaluation, an overview of evaluation practices in OECD countries and concrete examples. It also reports key findings of three expert papers on the evaluation of regulatory policy that informed the development of the Framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214453-en
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  • 27
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Antigua and Barbuda 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Antigua and Barbuda 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Antigua und Barbuda ; Taxation ; Antigua and Barbuda
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Antigua and Barbuda. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217492-en
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  • 28
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    The Cost of Air Pollution : Health Impacts of Road Transport (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264210448 , 9789264218338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût de la pollution de l'air ; Impacts sanitaires du transport routier
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The cost of air pollution
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Krankheit ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Transport ; OECD ; Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Kosten
    Abstract: Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264210448-en
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  • 29
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Australia 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Australien ; Development ; Australia
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196186-en
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  • 30
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Saudi Arabia 2014 : Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264191914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Saudi-Arabien ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264191914-en
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  • 31
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Israel 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Israel 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Israel ; Taxation ; Israel
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Israel. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223059-en
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  • 32
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    L' eau et l'adaptation au changement climatique : Des politiques pour naviguer en eaux inconnues (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264200647
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water and Climate Change Adaptation; Policies to Navigate Uncharted Waters
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’eau est le principal vecteur par lequel les effets du changement climatique se feront sentir, et la clé de la réussite des stratégies d’adaptation. Ce rapport propose des orientations aux responsables de l’action gouvernementale pour les aider à élaborer des mesures davantage en phase avec les priorités, répondant mieux aux besoins du moment, plus efficientes et plus équitables. Il décrit une approche de l’adaptation au changement climatique fondée sur les risques et promouvant la sécurité de l’eau. Il détaille également les principales tendances et présente les pratiques optimales mises en lumière par l’enquête sur les politiques relatives à l’eau et à l’adaptation au changement climatique, que l’OCDE a menée auprès de ses 34 pays membres et de la Commission européenne. Cette enquête est la première de ce type à analyser de façon systématique les enjeux du changement climatique pour les ressources en eau douce et les nouvelles réponses qu’y apportent les pouvoirs publics dans les pays de l’OCDE. Pour finir, le rapport évalue comment améliorer les incitations à gérer les risques liés à l’eau et comment rendre plus flexibles les politiques de l’eau et les stratégies de financement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264200647-fr
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  • 33
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    Principes de bonnes pratiques de l'OCDE pour la politique de la réglementation : Contrôle et mise en œuvre de la réglementation (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208926
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Principes de bonne pratique de l’OCDE en matière de politique réglementaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce livre offre des informations sur les politiques, les pratiques, et les institutions qui sont nécessaires pour améliorer la politique de la réglementation et pour promouvoir une meilleure gouvernance réglementaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208926-fr
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    Santé mentale et emploi : Suisse (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264205192
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Santé mentale et emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Psychische Gesundheit und Beschäftigung; Schweiz
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la gestion des problèmes de santé mentale dans la population d’âge actif devient un enjeu essentiel pour les politiques sociales et du marché du travail. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont de plus en plus nombreux à reconnaître que les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle important à jouer pour maintenir au travail les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux ou pour faciliter la réintégration de celles qui sont sorties du marché de l’emploi, ainsi que pour prévenir l’apparition de ce type de troubles. Ce rapport relatif à la Suisse est le cinquième d’une série de travaux analysant l’approche adoptée par différents pays de l’OCDE face aux défis plus larges, décrits dans la publication Mal-être au travail ? Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l’emploi (OCDE, 2012), auxquels sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics en matière d’éducation, de santé, de politique sociale et d’emploi.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264205192-fr
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  • 35
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    Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264216501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations économiques pour mieux répondre aux besoins du marché du travail
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Matching economic migration with labour market needs
    Keywords: Regionale Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Matching ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD. It provides new evidence on the role that international migration has played in Europe and in selected other OECD countries over the past decade in terms of labour force; educational attainment; and occupational changes. It analyses the availability and use of migrants’ skills based on an in-depth literature review as well as new data analyses for Europe and the United States, Canada and the OECD as a whole, taking advantage of the International Survey of Adult Skills – PIAAC. Finally, several chapters discuss the potential role of international migration in meeting current and future labour market needs in Europe, in the United States and in the European Union. This work shows that although migration can make an important contribution to labour force growth, its role in counterbalancing the effects of population ageing will depend on the capacity of countries to match labour needs to migrants’ characteristics.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264216501-en
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    How Was Life? : Global Well-being since 1820 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. How was life?
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    RVK:
    MS 4050
    RVK:
    MS 4000
    RVK:
    MS 2600
    Keywords: 1820-2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Soziale Lage ; Sozialgeschichte ; Geschichte ; Welt ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Geschichte ; Daten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Erde
    Abstract: How was life in 1820, and how has it improved since then? What are the long-term trends in global well-being? Views on social progress since the Industrial Revolution are largely based on historical national accounting in the tradition of Kuznets and Maddison. But trends in real GDP per capita may not fully re­flect changes in other dimensions of well-being such as life expectancy, education, personal security or gender inequality. Looking at these indicators usually reveals a more equal world than the picture given by incomes alone, but has this always been the case? The new report How Was Life? aims to fill this gap. It presents the first systematic evidence on long-term trends in global well-being since 1820 for 25 major countries and 8 regions in the world covering more than 80% of the world’s population. It not only shows the data but also discusses the underlying sources and their limitations, pays attention to country averages and inequality, and pinpoints avenues for further research. The How Was Life? report is the product of collaboration between the OECD, the OECD Development Centre and the CLIO-INFRA project. It represents the culmination of work by a group of economic historians to systematically chart long-term changes in the dimensions of global well-being and inequality, making use of the most recent research carried out within the discipline. The historical evidence reviewed in the report is organised around 10 different dimensions of well-being that mirror those used by the OECD in its well-being report How’s Life?, and draw on the best sources and expertise currently available for historical perspectives in this field. These dimensions are:per capita GDP, real wages, educational attainment, life expectancy, height, personal security, political institutions, environmental quality, income inequality and gender inequality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214262-en
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    Innovation and Modernising the Rural Economy (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264205390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and modernising the rural economy
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Ländliche Wirtschaft ; Entwicklungsplanung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This publication is a result of the discussions from the OECD 8th Rural Development Policy Conference: "Innovation and modernising the rural economy" which took place in Krasnoyarsk, Russia on 3-5 October 2012. It provides an overview of the two themes of modernisation and innovation, focusing on identifying the attributes of the modern rural economy and showing how it differs from the traditional rural economy and from metropolitan economies. It also shows how rural innovation is a key driver of rural economic growth using patents as a measure. The second part of the book consists of four chapters that offer evidence of rural regions’ potential to contribute to national economic growth. In addition, each provides useful context for Part I by outlining four different perspectives on the process of modernisation and innovation, and specifically, how they can take place in the rural territories of OECD countries. In each paper, the authors explore the opportunities and impediments to these twin processes and how government policy can help or hinder them.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264205390-en
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  • 38
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    Greening Household Behaviour : Overview from the 2011 Survey - Revised edition (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des comportements plus environnementaux ; Vue d'ensemble de l'enquête 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    Keywords: OECD ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Lebensstil ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; OECD ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Lebensstil ; Umweltbewusstsein
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of the factors that affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households, this publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011, in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The survey provides a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and household characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This edition completely replaces the previously posted 2013 edition.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214651-en
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  • 39
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    Revenue Statistics in Asian Countries 2014 : Trends in Indonesia and Malaysia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264210691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264210691-en
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  • 40
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Anguilla 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Anguilla 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Anguilla ; Taxation ; Anguilla
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Anguilla. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217478-en
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  • 41
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    Vers des comportements plus environnementaux : Vue d'ensemble de l'enquête 2011 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greening Household Behaviour; Overview from the 2011 Survey - Revised edition
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Il est indispensable de bien comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des individus à l’égard de l'environnement si l’on veut élaborer des stratégies de croissance qui favorisent des modes de vie plus « verts ». Les récents travaux menés par l'OCDE à partir d’enquêtes périodiques auprès de plus de 10 000 ménages dans un certain nombre de pays et de domaines représentent un progrès décisif pour autant qu'ils apportent de nouveaux éclairages sur les mesures réellement efficaces. Cette publication présente une synthèse des données issues de la dernière enquête en date, axée sur cinq domaines (énergie, alimentation, transport, déchets et eau) et réalisée dans onze pays : Australie, Canada, Chili, Corée, Espagne, France, Israël, Japon, Pays-Bas, Suède et Suisse. La nouvelle enquête confirme l’importance de fournir les bonnes motivations pour influer sur nos décisions. Les résultats indiquent que les mesures telles que l’étiquetage et les campagnes d’information publique ont aussi un rôle significatif et complémentaire à jouer. Inciter un changement favorable de comportement demande un mélange de ces instruments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195493-fr
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  • 42
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    Regulatory Policy in Mexico : Towards a Whole-of-Government Perspective to Regulatory Improvement (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264203389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Mexico
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Mexico has made several efforts to design and implement a regulatory improvement policy over the past several years. The institutions involved in the better regulation policy have played a key role in enhancing regulatory quality. This includes the Federal Regulatory Improvement Commission (COFEMER), the Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Public Administration. Mexico now has two decades of experience in the application of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). Over this period, it has continued to expand the scope of RIA, to refine and improve the specific requirements and to invest substantial resources in implementation. Recently, Mexico has adopted the internationally recognised Standard Cost Model, which has brought a renewed impetus across the federal government to reduce administrative burdens generated by formalities. There is also a thriving multi-level regulatory governance programme. As a result, Mexico is currently at a stage where positive results are being obtained. However, this is not the time to slow down; instead, further work should be fostered to step up to a new phase of regulatory quality which embeds an effective and profound regulatory improvement culture across the federal government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264203389-en
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  • 43
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    Industry and Technology Policies in Korea (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Industry and technology policies in Korea
    DDC: 338.642
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: The Korean innovation system is in many ways highly developed and has helped to underpin Korea’s rapid industrialisation. However, long-standing policy emphases on manufacturing and large firms are today in question. Structural problems - such as the relatively weak innovation performance of SMEs, a lagging services sector and limited domestic job creation among the industrial conglomerates - have led to a shift in policy priorities. This shift is crystallised in the current government’s Creative Economy Strategy, which entails a far-reaching set of measures aimed at fostering cutting-edge innovation and consolidating a knowledge-based economy increasingly driven by high-value services. This review addresses Korea’s industry and technology policies and institutions, and provides policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213227-en
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  • 44
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Russian Federation 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223103
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Russian Federation 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Russland ; Taxation ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of the Russian Federation. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223103-en
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  • 45
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    Seine Basin, Île-de-France, 2014: Resilience to Major Floods (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Étude de l'OCDE sur la gestion des risques d'inondation ; la Seine en Île-de-France 2014
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Seine Basin, Île-de-France, 2014
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Privatwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Singapur ; Schweiz ; Environment ; Governance ; France ; Île-de-France ; Seine ; Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz
    Abstract: This study examines flood risk prevention of the Seine in the Ile-de-France region. It highlights the impacts a major flood, like the one in 1910, could have on the well-being of citizens, city management and the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208728-en
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  • 46
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    Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales Rapport d'examen par les pairs : France 2013 : Phase 1 + Phase 2, avec les notations de Phase 2 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264206342
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; France 2013; Combined; Phase 1 Phase 2, incorporating Phase 2 ratings
    Keywords: Taxation ; France
    Abstract: Ce rapport évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale de la France.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264206342-fr
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  • 47
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    Emerging Policy Issues in Synthetic Biology (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Emerging policy issues in synthetic biology
    DDC: 572.86
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Science and Technology ; Synthetische Biologie
    Abstract: Synthetic biology is at such an early stage of development that there is no uniform agreement as yet about what it actually is. To some, it represents a natural extension of genetic engineering, and therefore is “business as usual”. For others, it is a way to bring mass manufacturing out from the decades of biotechnology research. Currently the discipline is limited by the ability to synthesise DNA cost-effectively but this is a technical barrier that it is anticipated will be overcome. Synthetic biology raises a number of policy issues around R&D funding, company investment, PPP arrangements and innovative financing, infrastructure requirements, education and training, intellectual property (IP), regulation, and public engagement. In preparation for the continuing development and greater use of synthetic biology, some countries have started to prepare synthetic biology technical roadmaps and a global roadmap for the medium term would be an extremely useful policy tool. Technical roadmaps could both identify likely future policy requirements, and be a useful vehicle in public engagement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208421-en
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  • 48
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    Climate Resilience in Development Planning : Experiences in Colombia and Ethiopia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Climate resilience in development planning
    DDC: 363.7387
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Klimawandel ; Kolumbien ; Äthiopien ; Environment ; Colombia ; Ethiopia ; Äthiopien ; Kolumbien ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungsökonomie
    Abstract: Climate-related disasters have inflicted increasingly high losses on developing countries, and with climate change, these losses are likely to worsen. Improving country resilience against climate risks is therefore vital for achieving poverty reduction and economic development goals. This report discusses the current state of knowledge on how to build climate resilience in developing countries. It argues that climate-resilient development requires moving beyond the climate-proofing of existing development pathways, to consider economic development objectives and resilience priorities in parallel. Achieving this will require political vision and a clear understanding of the relation between climate and development, as well as an adapted institutional set-up, financing arrangements, and progress monitoring and evaluation. The report also discusses two priorities for climate-resilient development: disaster risk management and the involvement of the private sector. The report builds on a growing volume of country experiences on building climate resilience into national development planning. Two country case studies, Ethiopia and Colombia, are discussed in detail.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209503-en
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  • 49
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    Neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225268
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce livrable fournit des recommandations en vue de l’adoption, au niveau national, de règles destinées à neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides ainsi que des propositions de modifications à apporter au Modèle de convention fiscale de l’OCDE pour combattre ces mécanismes. Une fois transposées dans la législation nationale, les recommandations énoncées dans la Partie 1 du livrable permettront de neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides internationaux aboutissant à de multiples déductions au titre d’une seule dépense ou à une déduction dans un pays ou territoire non contrebalancée par une imposition équivalente dans un autre pays ou territoire. La Partie 1 sera complétée par des commentaires visant à expliquer les règles préconisées et à en illustrer l’application à l’aide d’exemples concrets. La Partie 2 présente des propositions de modifications du Modèle de convention destinées à garantir que les avantages prévus par des conventions fiscales ne sont accordés à des entités hybrides (y compris aux entités ayant la double résidence) que lorsque les circonstances s’y prêtent. Sont également examinées dans la Partie 2 les interactions entre les modifications du Modèle de convention fiscale et les recommandations relatives aux règles devant figurer dans les législations nationales énoncées dans la Partie 1.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225268-fr
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  • 50
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    Water Governance in the Netherlands : Fit for the Future? (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in the Netherlands
    DDC: 333.91009492
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Governance-Ansatz ; Niederlande ; Environment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This report assesses the extent to which Dutch water governance is fit for future challenges and sketches an agenda for the reform of water policies in the Netherlands. It builds on a one-year policy dialogue with over 100 Dutch stakeholders, supported by robust analytical work and drawing on international best practice.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102637-en
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    Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de bonnes pratiques de l'OCDE pour la politique de la réglementation ; Contrôle et mise en œuvre de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory enforcement and inspections
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides guidance to policy makers on improving regulatory enforcement and inspections and provides some examples of good practices in this area.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208117-en
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  • 52
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    Compendium des indicateurs agro-environnementaux de l'OCDE (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181243
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Ce livre fournit l’ensemble des indicateurs agro-environnementaux les plus récents et les plus complets concernant les 34 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 1990-2010. Il s’appuie sur les travaux conduits pendant vingt ans par l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Ces indicateurs ont pour objet de décrire l’état actuel de l’environnement dans l’agriculture et sa tendance ; de mettre en évidence les lieux où des situations critiques sont en train d’apparaître ; de comparer l’évolution des performances entre périodes et entre pays ; et de fournir un ensemble d’indicateurs et une base de données pour suivre et évaluer l’action publique, projeter les tendances futures et concevoir des indicateurs de croissance verte.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181243-fr
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    Melons : = Melons (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213289
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current melons standard. This new brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in melons. The electronic version of this brochure is available on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213289-en-fr
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  • 54
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    Rapport de l'OCDE sur la corruption transnationale : Une analyse de l'infraction de corruption d'agents publics étrangers (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226623
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Foreign Bribery Report; An Analysis of the Crime of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe de la OCDE sobre Cohecho Internacional ; Análisis del delito de cohecho de servidores públicos extranjeros
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport essaie de quantifier, et de décrire la corruption transnationale sur la base des informations révélées dans les 427 affaires de corruption transnationale terminées depuis l’entrée en vigueur de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption en 1999.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226623-fr
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    National Intellectual Property Systems, Innovation and Economic Development : With perspectives on Colombia and Indonesia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als National intellectual property systems, innovation and economic development
    Keywords: Immaterialgüterrechte ; Innovation ; Entwicklung ; Kolumbien ; Indonesien ; Science and Technology ; Colombia ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This publication addresses the role of national systems of IP in the socio-economic development of emerging countries, notably through their impact on innovation. It presents a framework that identifies the key mechanisms that enable IP systems to support emerging countries’ innovation and development objectives. The report also discusses two IP country studies conducted for Colombia and Indonesia. These are based on analyses of the national intellectual property systems, drawing on country missions that gathered detailed information and feedback from more than 100 stakeholders on IP-related priorities and bottlenecks. Concrete policy recommendations are provided for both countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204485-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Grenada 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Grenada 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Grenada ; Taxation ; Grenada
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Grenada. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223035-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Colombia 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Colombie 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental; Colombia 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: This report is the first OECD review of Colombia’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on waste and chemicals management and policies that promote more effective and efficient protection and sustainable use of biodiversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208292-en
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    Major Transport Infrastructure Projects and Economic Development (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.154
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Grands projets d'infrastructures de transport et développement économique
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report discusses the state of the art in understanding the economic effects of major transport infrastructure projects. It examines the limits of socio-economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and reviews the development of complementary and alternative approaches to assessing the benefits of investment in large, transformative projects. In particular, his report focuses on practical appraisal tools developed for assessment of the Grand Paris super-metro and London’s Crossrail project.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107720-en
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  • 59
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Colombie 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208384
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Colombia 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental; Colombia 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Ce rapport est le premier examen environnemental de la Colombie. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par la Colombie en termes de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la gestion des produits chimiques et l’adaptation au changement climatique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208384-fr
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  • 60
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    Gérer les migrations économiques pour mieux répondre aux besoins du marché du travail (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette publication présente de nouvelles illustrations de l’influence des migrations internationales en Europe et dans quelques autres pays de l’OCDE sur la population active ; sur les niveaux d’éducation ; et sur l’évolution de la distribution des professions au cours de la dernière décennie. Elle analyse les compétences dont disposent les migrants et la façon dont elles sont utilisées sur la base d’une revue approfondie de la littérature ; et présente de nouvelles analyses des données européennes et américaines , canadiennes et de l’OCDE en général en se basant sur les données de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes – PIAAC. Enfin, plusieurs chapitres discutent du rôle que les migrations internationales pourraient jouer pour répondre aux besoins de main-d’oeuvre présents et futurs en Europe, aux États-Unis et dans l’Union européenne. Ces travaux montrent que si les migrations peuvent contribuer de façon importante à l’accroissement de la population active, leur capacité à contrer les effets du vieillissement de la population dépendront de la capacité des pays à mettre en adéquation les besoins en main-d’oeuvre avec les caractéristiques des migrants. Dans ce domaine, des efforts doivent être réalisés pour mieux utiliser les compétences des migrants et adapter les systèmes de gestion des migrations de travail aux besoins des employeurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217027-fr
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  • 61
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    Empêcher l'utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales lorsque les circonstances ne s'y prêtent pas (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225329
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Les propositions de modifications du Modèle de convention fiscale sont exposées dans ce livrable afin d’empêcher l’utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales. Les pays participant au projet BEPS se sont accordés sur des standards minimum pour prévenir le chalandage fiscal et autres stratégies destinées à obtenir indûment les avantages prévus par certaines dispositions des conventions fiscales. Ce livrable veille également à s’assurer que les conventions fiscales n’entravent pas l’application de règles nationales visant légitimement à prévenir l’utilisation abusive des conventions. Il précise que les conventions fiscales n’ont pas vocation à être utilisées pour aboutir à une double non-imposition et recense également les considérations de politique fiscale que les pays doivent prendre en compte avant de décider de conclure une convention fiscale avec un autre pays. Les modèles de dispositions figurant dans le livrable constituent des orientations appelées à évoluer car d’autres travaux devront être réalisés, en particulier en ce qui concerne la règle relative à la limitation des avantages conventionnels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225329-fr
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    Making Innovation Policy Work : Learning from Experimentation (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264185739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making innovation policy work
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Innovationsförderung ; Innovation ; Industriepolitik ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Produktion ; Wirtschaft ; Ökologie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Tendenz ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This book explores emerging topics in innovation policy for more inclusive and sustainable growth, building on concrete examples. It develops the notion of experimental innovation policy – which integrates monitoring and feedback at the policy design stage, and occurs continuously to improve impact and implementation. This approach should help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy. Experimental policy making is particularly important for new and emerging innovation domains, where the scope for learning and improvement is the greatest. To make the discussion as concrete and relevant as possible for practitioners and policy makers, three emerging domains of innovation policy are explored in greater detail: innovative entrepreneurship, green innovation, and pro-poor or base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264185739-en
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    Trade Patterns in the 2060 World Economy (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1142
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper presents long-term trade scenarios for the world economy up to 2060 based on a modelling approach that combines aggregate growth projections for the world with a detailed computable general equilibrium sectoral trade model. The analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to shift from OECD to non-OECD regions reflecting faster growth in non-OECD countries. The relative importance of different regions in specific export markets is set to change markedly over the next half century with emerging economies gaining export shares in manufacturing and services. Trade liberalisation, including gradual removal of tariffs, regulatory barriers in services and agricultural support, as well as a reduction in transaction costs on goods, could increase global trade and GDP over the next 50 years. Specific scenarios of regional liberalisation among a core group of OECD countries or partial multilateral liberalisation could, respectively, raise trade by 4% and 15% and GDP by 0.6% and 2.8% by 2060 relative to the status quo. Finally, the model highlights that investment in education has an influence on trade and high-skill specialisation patterns over the coming decades. Slower educational upgrading in key emerging economies than expected in the baseline scenario could reduce world exports by 2% by 2060. Lower up-skilling in emerging economies would also slow-down the restructuring towards higher value-added activities in these emerging economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrmdk5f86j-en
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    Breathing the Same Air? Measuring Air Pollution in Cities and Regions (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This paper presents a new set of estimates of exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter - PM2.5) at the city, regional and national levels for the 34 OECD countries, and at the regional and national levels for Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. The estimates are developed by the computation of satellite-based observations. They have the advantage of providing consistent values of the magnitude and spatial distribution of air pollution to be compared across and within countries and over time. The paper also explores the association between shape of cities (population density, share of built-up area, extension of the hinterlands, etc.) and air pollution. The estimates of air pollution at (TL2) regional level have been used in the newly released OECD Regional Well-Being Database as a measure of the environmental dimension.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrb7rkxf21-en
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    The Indicators of the Economic Burdens of Environmental Policy Design : Results from the OECD Questionnaire (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1178
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Environmental policies seek to address market failures related to the protection of the environment. However, they may also increase barriers to entry and distort competition. If stringent environmental policies can be designed in a way that minimises such economic burdens, they can facilitate the achievement of economic and environmental goals and a cleaner growth model. This paper reports evidence on selected competition-relevant aspects of environmental policy design from a cross-country questionnaire. Information on administrative burdens related to environmental licenses, differential treatment among incumbents and new entrants and the procedures to evaluate economic effects of environmental policies are summarised in a set of indicators of the Burden on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP). The indicators allow for a set of tentative conclusions. Firstly, the BEEP captures information on anti-competitive regulations absent from the OECD’s product market regulation indicators (PMR). Secondly, though it is not yet possible to evaluate the economic impact of anti-competitive aspects of environmental policies, it is likely they impact well beyond the sectors directly concerned, hampering productivity growth, as shown for other product market regulations. Finally, the burdens of environmental policies are not related to their actual stringency, indicating that ambitious environmental targets can be pursued in ways that are more (or less) friendly to competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrjnbnbm8v-en
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    Are Recipients of Social Assistance 'Benefit Dependent'? : Concepts, Measurement and Results for Selected Countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Means-tested Social Assistance (SA) benefits play an important role as social protection floors sup-porting households in financial difficulties. This paper presents evidence on the patterns of SA benefit re-ceipt in a selection of OECD and EU countries. It provides an overview of the role of SA benefits in social protection systems and assesses the generosity of benefit payments. It then studies the dynamics of SA benefit receipt based on micro-level data describing trends in aggregate receipt and transition rates and presenting new evidence on spell durations and repeat spells. The final part of the paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on state dependence (or ‘scarring effects’) in benefit receipt and discusses its possible sources and policy implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrcmgpc6mn-en
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    Do Environmental Policies Matter for Productivity Growth? : Insights from New Cross-Country Measures of Environmental Policies (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1176
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Environmental policies address wellbeing and sustainability objectives, affecting firm and household behaviour. A newly developed, cross-country composite proxy of environmental policy stringency (EPS) shows that stringency has been increasing across OECD countries over the past two decades. However, the tightening environmental policies have had little effect on aggregate productivity, spurring primarily short-term adjustments. Nevertheless, they have led to various effects within the economy - the most technologically advanced industries and firms have seen a small increase in productivity, possibly being in the best position to adapt. Least productive firms have seen their productivity fall. Part of the effect is likely to have taken place through entry and exit of firms and relocation of activities. Finally, this project provides evidence on the anti-competitive bias of some aspects of environmental policies. The indicator of Burdens on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP) shows that barriers to entry and competition, and the consideration given to economic effects of environmental policies vary notably across countries, but that this variation is not related to the stringency of policies. Hence, to support both economic and environmental outcomes, stringent environmental policies can and should be implemented with minimum barriers to entry and competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrjncjrcxp-en
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    Eurostat-OECD Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services : Second Edition (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264220676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt Eurostat-OECD methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services
    Keywords: Erzeugerpreisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Erzeugerpreis ; Preisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Abstract: The International Producer Price Index Manual, Theory and Practice (PPI Manual) published by the IMF in 2004 consituted a landmark for international standards on price measurement and contains detailed, comprehensive information for the compilation of producer price indices as well as an extensive coverage of the conceptual and theoretical issues. This second edition of the Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services (SPPI Guide) is a complement to the PPI Manual in two ways: it focuses on service-specific aspects in the PPI compilation by developing further the conceptual framework and it adds detailed descriptions of PPI measurement for a wide range of individual service industries. This second edition of the SPPI Guide has been jointly produced by the OECD, Eurostat, the members of a task Force with deleguates from 14 OECD/EU members countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States)and in synergy with the Voorburg Group. Several countries contributed to the Guide by providing descriptions of service PPIs for individual industries, other countries were represented by national experts in at least one meeting of the Task Force.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264220676-en
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    Kazakhstan: Review of the Central Administration (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (330 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Verwaltungsreform ; Kasachstan ; Governance ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Verwaltungsreform
    Abstract: This review examines the functioning, structure and organisation of the central government and line ministries in Kazakhstan, as well as their capacities to implement national objectives and priorities, outlined in the Kazakhstan’s Vision 2050. It also focuses on tools, strategic management and accountability frameworks in the Government of Kazakhstan, in line with the strategic management principles outlined in the General Approaches to Modernization of Public Administration of Kazakhstan by 2020.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224605-en
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    Evaluer la commodité d'usage des transports publics (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107706
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.156
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Valuing Convenience in Public Transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: L’expérience de l’usager, en termes de fiabilité, de confort et surtout de commodité d’usage est un aspect essentiel pour déterminer la demande de services de transports publics, tout au moins là où un choix d’alternatives existe. Le succès pour le moins des politiques pour attirer les usagers urbains de la voiture particulière vers les transports publics repose dans une large mesure sur la commodité d’usage de ces derniers. Les méthodes actuelles d’évaluation dans le domaine des transports tendent cependant à se focaliser sur la vitesse et le prix des services, sous-évaluant ou négligeant la commodité d’usage. Ceci fausse les décisions en matière d’investissements et de planification. Ce rapport vise à faciliter une prise en compte plus systématique de la commodité d’usage dans la planification et la pratique des politiques de transport. Il analyse les définitions opérationnelles de la commodité d’usage et rassemble des informations sur la disposition à payer à cet égard et sur l’utilisation d’indicateurs pour apprécier et améliorer la commodité d’usage des transports publics.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107706-fr
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    Migración internacional : El lado humano de la globalización (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264205086
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cerca de 190 millones de personas en el mundo viven fuera de su país natal. Estos migrantes aportan energía, espíritu empresarial e ideas frescas a nuestras sociedades. Pero el asunto tiene desventajas: jóvenes migrantes que fracasan en el ámbito educativo, adultos que no encuentran empleo y, por supuesto, la migración irregular. Estos retos pueden hacer que la migración se convierta en un pararrayos político y en tema de un acalorado debate. A partir de los conocimientos especializados de la OCDE, singulares en este terreno, en la presente obra se avanza más allá de la retórica para analizar las realidades de la migración internacional en nuestros días: ¿de dónde provienen y a dónde van los migrantes?, ¿cómo gestionan la migración los gobiernos?, ¿cuán bueno es el desempeño de los migrantes en la educación y en la fuerza de trabajo? y ¿ayuda —u obstaculiza— la migración a los países en desarrollo?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264205086-es
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    Promoting Research Excellence : New Approaches to Funding (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264207462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting research excellence
    DDC: 370.78
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Universitäre Forschung ; Regionales Cluster ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: National research systems face an increasingly competitive environment for ideas, talent and funds, and governments have shifted funds from institutional core funding to project funding, often on a competitive basis, or reward success in raising third-party funds in performance-based funding schemes. It is in this context that “research excellence initiatives” (REIs) have emerged. This is an instrument designed to encourage outstanding research by providing large-scale, long-term funding to designated research units. They provide funds for research and research-related measures, such as the improvement or extension of physical infrastructure, the recruitment of outstanding researchers from abroad and researcher training. This report presents new evidence on how governments steer and fund public research in higher education and public research institutions through REIs. The report can help inform discussions on future government policy directions by providing information on how REIs work and on the functioning and characteristics of institutions that host centres of excellence. The findings show some of the benefits to be gained through REIs and note some pitfalls to be avoided.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264207462-en
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    Greener Skills and Jobs (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greener skills and jobs
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Umweltschutz ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Green skills, that is, skills needed in a low-carbon economy, will be required in all sectors and at all levels in the workforce as emerging economic activities create new (or renewed) occupations. Structural changes will realign sectors that are likely to decline as a result of the greening of the economy and workers will need to be retrained accordingly. The successful transition to a low-carbon economy will only be possible if workers can flexibly adapt and transfer from areas of decreasing employment to new industries. This report suggests that the role of skills and education and training policies should be an important component of the ecological transformation process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208704-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Malaysia 2014 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264210004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Malaysia ; Taxation ; Malaysia
    Abstract: This book contains the 2014 Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Review report for Malaysia. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264210004-en
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    L' évaluation des compétences des adultes : Manuel à l'usage des lecteurs (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204126
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Survey of Adult Skills; Reader's Companion
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La révolution technologique amorcée au cours des dernières décennies du XXe siècle a modifié presque toutes les facettes de notre vie au XXIe siècle. Les services de transport et de communication ont gagné en rapidité et en efficacité, et facilitent désormais les déplacements partout dans le monde des personnes, des marchandises, des services et des capitaux, entraînant la mondialisation des économies. Ces mutations sociales et économiques ont, à leur tour, fait évoluer la demande de compétences. Alors que l’automatisation gagne sans cesse le secteur industriel et certaines tâches peu qualifiées, les besoins en aptitudes cognitives routinières et en savoir-faire artisanal vont en diminuant, tandis que les compétences en traitement de l’information et d’autres aptitudes cognitives et compétences interpersonnelles de haut niveau sont toujours plus prisées. L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, lancée dans le cadre du Programme pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC), vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur le rôle de certaines de ces compétences clés dans la société et sur leur utilisation dans le cadre privé et professionnel. Elle mesure directement la maîtrise de plusieurs compétences en traitement de l’information : la littératie, la numératie et la résolution de problèmes dans des environnements à forte composante technologique. Accompagnant les Perspectives de l’OCDE sur les compétences 2013 : Premiers résultats de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, ce manuel passe en revue la conception et la méthodologie de l’évaluation, et ses relations avec d’autres évaluations internationales menées auprès des jeunes étudiants et des adultes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204126-fr
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    Energy Supply Security 2014 : Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264218420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (604 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Ensuring energy security is a core responsibility of the International Energy Agency and a priority for its member countries. To this end, the ability to respond quickly and effectively in the event of a supply disruption is essential. Energy Supply Security 2014: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries provides an overview of the most recent oil and natural gas emergency policy reviews of the 29 IEA member countries as well as those of key partners such as Chile, China, India and ASEAN. The publication assesses each country’s emergency arrangements for security of supply of oil and gas, their stockholding structure, demand restraint measures and fuel switching capacity, and also provides a summary of energy security best practices among the IEA membership and beyond. Although the IEA was initially created to focus on oil supply security, energy markets have evolved, with other fuels playing increasingly important roles in the global energy mix. Thus, natural gas is highlighted in this publication, including assessments of measures to respond to and offset potential supply disruptions. Due to the increasing dependence of modern societies on reliable and secure electricity supplies, this publication also includes an overview of the electricity security assessment framework recently developed by the IEA for the purposes of strengthening countries’ electricity security.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264218420-en
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    R&D and Innovation Needs for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264222199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear decommissioning activities can greatly benefit from research and development (R&D) projects. This report examines applicable emergent technologies, current research efforts and innovation needs to build a base of knowledge regarding the status of decommissioning technology and R&D. This base knowledge can be used to obtain consensus on future R&D that is worth funding. It can also assist in deciding how to collaborate and optimise the limited pool of financial resources available among NEA member countries for nuclear decommissioning R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264222199-en
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    Essai n 431 : Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro : Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224216
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 431; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Reconstructed Human Epidermis (Rhe) Test Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice porte sur le danger de corrosion cutanée pour la santé humaine faisant suite à une exposition avec un produit chimique. La corrosion cutanée désigne la survenue de lésions irréversibles de la peau qui se manifestent par une nécrose visible, selon la définition du Système Général Harmonisé pour la Classification et l’Étiquetage des produits chimiques. Cette Ligne directrice décrit une procédure in vitro permettant d’identifier les substances et mélanges corrosifs et non corrosifs, en faisant appel à un épiderme humain reconstitué qui reproduit fidèlement les propriétés histologiques, morphologiques, biochimiques et physiologiques des couches supérieures de la peau humaine. La procédure sur épiderme humain reconstitué part du principe que les substances corrosives sont capables de pénétrer dans le stratum corneum (couche cornée) par diffusion ou érosion, et sont cytotoxiques pour les cellules des couches sous-jacentes. Deux réplicats sont employés pour chaque traitement (ou durée d'exposition), et pour les contrôles. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées sur la base de leur capacité à réduire la viabilité cellulaire en dessous des valeurs seuils définies pour des périodes d'exposition spécifiques. La viabilité cellulaire est mesurée via la conversion enzymatique du colorant vital MTT en un sel de formazan bleu mesuré quantitativement après son extraction des tissus. Les substances corrosives sont mises en évidence par leur capacité à faire chuter la viabilité cellulaire sous un seuil prédéterminé. Plusieurs méthodes validées sont référencées dans la Ligne directrice et suivent la procédure décrite ci-dessus. Certaines méthodes référencées permettent par aillaurs la sous-categorisation des produits corrosifs. Cette Ligne directrice comprend également un ensemble de normes de performances pour l’évaluation de méthodes d’essai similaires ou modifiées.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224216-fr
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    Economies interconnectées : Comment tirer parti des chaînes de valeur mondiales (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264201842
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Interconnected Economies; Benefiting from Global Value Chains
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette publication examine comment les chaînes de valeur mondiales ont évolué et les défis politiques qu'elles ont engendrés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264201842-fr
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  • 80
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    Guidance Document on the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Brood test Under Semi-field Conditions (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.75
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this guidance document assesses the effects of plant protection products (PPPs), and has been validated using the active Fenoxycarb, which is known to act as an insect growth regulator (IGR), to the honey bee brood (Apis mellifera L.) under semi-field conditions (tunnel conditions followed by field conditions). The method can be used to address concerns regarding the impact on the brood development in honey bee colonies which are exposed to treatments of PPPs in agricultural crops. The aim of this test is to fill an identified gap or complement the sequential testing scheme with the development of a test method under semi-field conditions and to produce quantitative data that can be used as the basis for the evaluation of IGRs and other larvicidal compounds.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085510-en
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    Essai n 474: Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224377
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 474; Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai de micronoyaux de mammifères est employé pour la détection des dommages induits par la substance d'essai aux chromosomes ou à l'appareil mitotique des érythroblastes, par l'analyse des érythrocytes prélevés dans la moelle et/ou les cellules du sang périphérique des animaux, habituellement des rongeurs (souris ou rats). Le but de l'essai de micronoyaux est d'identifier des substances (liquide ou solide) qui causent des lésions cyto-génétiques et des micronoyaux dans lesquels il reste des fragments de chromosomes ou des chromosomes entiers. Une augmentation de la fréquence des érythrocytes polychromatiques micronucléés chez les animaux traités est une indication des dommages chromosomiques induits. Les animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai par une voie d’exposition appropriée (habituellement par gavage à l'aide d'une sonde gastrique ou d'une canule de tubage adaptée, ou par injection intrapéritonéale). La moelle et/ou les cellules sanguines sont rassemblées, préparées sur des lames et colorées. Les lames sont analysées pour détecter la présence de micronoyaux. Chacun des groupes traités et de contrôle doivent inclure au moins 5 animaux analysables par sexe. L'administration des traitements se compose d'une dose unique de la substance d'essai ou de deux doses quotidiennes (ou plus). La dose limite est 2000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement jusqu'à 14 jours, et 1000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement de plus de 14 jours.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224377-fr
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    Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency : A Guide to Quantifying the Value Added (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264220720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Capturing the multiple benefits of energy efficiency
    DDC: 333.7916
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Energy
    Abstract: The traditional focus on energy savings as the main goal of energy efficiency policy has, at times, led to an underestimation of the full value of energy efficiency in both national and global economies. Energy efficiency can bring multiple benefits, such as enhancing the sustainability of the energy system, supporting strategic objectives for economic and social development, promoting environmental goals and increasing prosperity. The aim of this book is two-fold: to build knowledge of the multiple benefits of energy efficiency, and to demonstrate how policy makers and other stakeholders can use existing tools to measure and maximise the benefits they seek. Five key benefits areas – macroeconomic development; public budgets; health and wellbeing; industrial productivity; and energy delivery – are investigated in-depth, showing compelling returns when the value of multiple benefits is calculated alongside traditional benefits of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Considering multiple benefits also has important implications for unravelling one of the persistent challenges in energy efficiency – the rebound effect – revealing that it often signals a positive outcome in terms of achieving broader social and economic goals. By identifying and quantifying a broader range of impacts of energy efficiency, the multiple benefits approach repositions energy efficiency as a mainstream tool for economic and social development, and has the potential to motivate higher uptake of energy efficiency opportunities in the market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264220720-en
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    Instructions relatives aux aspects intéressant les prix de transfert des actifs incorporels (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225350
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intangibles
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Le présent livrable contient des propositions de révisions des Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert destinées à faire en sorte que les prix de transfert soient conformes à la création de valeur en matière d’actifs incorporels. Ces propositions visent à clarifier la définition des actifs incorporels ainsi qu’à fournir des instructions concernant les transferts entre parties liées, y compris les transactions portant sur des actifs incorporels et la prise en compte, au regard des prix de transfert, des caractéristiques des marchés locaux et des synergies entre sociétés. Certaines questions concernant les prix de transfert des actifs incorporels sont étroitement liées à d’autres questions qui doivent être traitées en 2015, ayant trait en particulier à la répartition des risques entre les membres d’un groupe d’entreprises multinationales et à la requalification des transactions. C’est à cause des liens entre ces questions que certaines sections du présent livrable sont amenées à évoluer et ne seront finalisées qu’en 2015.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225350-fr
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    Compact City Policies: Korea : Towards Sustainable and Inclusive Growth (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Compact city policies
    RVK:
    RR 71627
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Südkorea ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Stadtplanung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report examines Korea's urban policies and offers customised policy recommendations based on the OECD publication, Compact City Policies (2012). Some Korean policies, such as urban regeneration, new town development or multi-modal transfering centers, have implicitly implemented compact city polices to a certain degree. However, there are still issues - including urban sprawl, unbalanced socio-economic levels and environmental challenges - which can be threats to urban competitiveness. An appropriate set of compact city polices, such as environmental friendly urban regeneration, mixed land use, polices to offset the side effects of compact development, strong management of transport demands, and governance enforcement, can accelerate Korean cities' sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225503-en
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    Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre ciencia, tecnología e industria 2014 (Version abreviada) : Informe Iberoamericano (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226487
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) son factores decisivos para lograr un desarrollo social y económico sostenible. La OCDE hace recomendaciones de política basadas en evidencia acerca de la aportación de la CTI a las metas de crecimiento, empleo, sustentabilidad y bienestar de las naciones. Los países de Iberoamérica han estado trabajando de cerca con la OCDE sobre diversos aspectos de CTI y ahora, a propósito de la Reunión de Ministros y Altas Autoridades de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, a celebrarse el 27 y 28 de noviembre en la ciudad de Puebla, México, la Organización ha preparado el presente Informe Iberoamericano, que se deriva de su OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014. Su finalidad es informar a los responsables del diseño de políticas de CTI de la región, así como a representantes y analistas del sector empresarial, sobre los cambios recientes y próximos en los modelos mundiales de CTI. Asimismo, destaca las posibles implicaciones actuales y futuras de las políticas de CTI de los países a nivel tanto global como nacional.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226487-es
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    Aktionsplan zur Bekämpfung der Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209688
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plan d'action concernant l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plan de acción contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plano de ação para o combate à erosão da base tributária e à transferência de lucros
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Nationale Steuergesetze haben nicht mit der Entwicklung global agierender Unternehmen und Firmen Schritt gehalten. Schlupflöcher, die zwischen den einzelnen nationalstaatlichen Regimen entstehen, können somit von multinationalen Unternehmen dazu genutzt werden, ihre Abgaben durch trickreiche Steuergestaltung zu minimieren. Der OECD-Aktionsplan, der sich gegen die Erosion von Steuerbemessungsgrundlagen und die Gewinnverlagerung (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting - BEPS) richtet, benennt 15 Maßnahmen, durch die Regierungen in Zukunft verhindern können, dass internationale Firmen wenig oder gar keine Steuern zahlen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209688-de
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    OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality: Turkey 2014 : Raising Standards (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264202054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: Turkey underwent a very ambitious reform programme in 2003, the so-called "Health Transformation Programme". Access to healthcare in Turkey has greatly increased with the attainment of Universal Health Coverage, as also demonstrated by improvement in health outcomes, most notably around maternal and child health and infectious diseases. However, despite these significant achievements, Turkey has a significant way to travel to deliver high-quality health services to its population. Governance of the health system is highly centralised and typified by directive control from the Ministry of Health, and information collected in different part of the system is not always fully exploited. The OECD Review of Health Care Quality in Turkey recommends a number of changes to address these shortcomings. The key recommendations are that: i) Turkey needs to develop robust systems to standardise and monitor the quality of care, encourage continuous professional development and incorporate patient views; ii) some loosening of the governance structure would be welcome, to allow regions greater flexibility to assess and respond to local health needs and to continue to provide health workers with incentives for improve quality; iii) data on health sector activity and outcomes need to be made more available and more usable for individual patients and clinicians, while greater effort is needed to increase the robustness of Turkey’s information systems at national level and harmonise performance measures to OECD and other international comparators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264202054-en
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    The 2012 Labour Market Reform in Spain : A Preliminary Assessment (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The 2012 labour market reform in Spain
    Keywords: 2012 ; Arbeitsmarktreform ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: This report provides an initial evaluation of the comprehensive reform of the Spanish labour market undertaken in 2012. It describes the key components of the 2012 reform and places them in the context of the evolution of labour market institutions in other OECD member countries, with a particular focus on collective bargaining and employment protection legislation. The report also assesses the impact of the reform on the ability of firms to adjust wages and working time to cope with demand shocks, as well as the flows in the labour market for different types of contracts and the overall duality of the Spanish labour market. It also considers what complementary reforms would be required to improve the effectiveness of the labour market reform, in particular in the area of active labour market policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213586-en
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    Understanding National Accounts : Second Edition (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214637 , 9789264224117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lequiller, François Understanding national accounts
    RVK:
    QI 000
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; International ; Welt ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung
    Abstract: This second edition of Understanding National Accounts, that provides a comprehensive explanation of how national accounts are compiled, contains new data and new chapters, and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010, that came into effect in September 2014. It approaches national accounts from a truly global perspective, with special chapters dedicated to international comparisons, globalisation and well-being as well as to the national systems used in major OECD economies, such as the United States. Each chapter of the manual uses practical examples to explain key concepts in national accounts in a clear and accessible way. And, each chapter concludes with a synthesis of key points covered in the chapter, followed by resources for further exploring the topic, and by a set of exercises to test your knowledge. It is an ideal guide to national accounts for students and other interested readers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214637-en
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    Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 4) : Labour Market Integration in Italy (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lavoro per gli immigrati; L'integrazione nel mercato del lavoro in Italia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jobs for immigrants ; Vol. 4: Labour market integration in Italy
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migranten ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Integration ; Italien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy ; Bericht ; Italien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Soziale Integration
    Abstract: Until the mid-1990s, the share of migrants in Italy was relatively low in international comparison. With a persistent demand for foreign workers in low-skilled and low-paid jobs, the proximity of conflict areas and the enlargement of the European Union to Romania and Bulgaria in 2007, migration to Italy increased rapidly over the last 15 years. This report presents an overview of the skills and qualifications of immigrants in Italy, their key labour market outcomes in international comparison, and their evolution over time, given the highly segmented Italian labour market and its high share of informal jobs. It analyses the framework for integration and the main integration policy instruments. Special attention is paid to funding issues and to the distribution of competences between national and sub-national actors. Finally, this report reviews the integration at school and the school-to-work transition of the children of immigrants
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214712-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Netherlands 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    RVK:
    QG 430
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Dutch economy has been traditionally very competitive among OECD countries. The global financial crisis however has brought new challenges, especially during the second shock, from 2011 onwards. The government’s recovery plan, which includes various measures such as fiscal consolidation, stimulating innovation and sub-national government reform has an important territorial dimension. This review focuses on how sub-national institutions and development can help the Netherlands meet its challenges. In the short-term, factors such as the contribution of all regions, better use of resources, and more efficient provision of goods and services can help the recovery. In the long term, improving national competitiveness will largely depend on a strong performance of the polycentric city structure, which characterises the Netherlands. The key policy areas explored in this review include: the recently created top-sector innovation policy; decentralisation; and territorial reforms such as municipal and provincial re-scaling through mergers or co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209527-en
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  • 92
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    Science, Technology and Innovation in Viet Nam (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Science, technology and innovation in Viet Nam
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technologiepolitik ; Vietnam ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Viet Nam ; Vietnam ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Viet Nam, focusing on the role of government and providing concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213500-en
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  • 93
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    Increasing Taxpayers' Use of Self-service Channels (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Increasing taxpayers' use of self-service channels
    Keywords: Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Building on prior work that resulted in the practical guide Managing Service Demand, this report explores the strategies revenue bodies can use to improve take-up of self-service channels in the context of a proposed future service experience for individuals, businesses and tax intermediaries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223288-en
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  • 94
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    OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality: Norway 2014 : Raising Standards (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in Norway. It finds that Norway has an impressive and comprehensive health system, which is the result of sustained commitment to providing health care for the whole Norwegian population, investment in the health system, and readiness to make changes to drive improvements. On most indicators Norway’s health system appears to be performing well, although there is some room for improvement. There have been a number of significant health care reforms in Norway over the last decade, most recently the Coordination Reform, which took effect in January 2012. Broadly this is a positive story, but challenges do lie ahead for Norway. Norway is putting in place measures to respond to these challenges, notably with the 2012 Coordination Reform, but still has some way to go before the fruits of such labour are truly felt across the health system. Norway’s ambitious reform agenda must now be balanced by structured efforts ‘on the ground’. Attention should now turn to putting in place appropriate data infrastructures, promoting meaningful engagement between key stakeholders, and by balancing a generous health budget that allows for important investments in developing new structures and services with attention to getting the most out of existing services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208469-en
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  • 95
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    The Economics of Investment in High-Speed Rail (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.155
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: High-speed trains can compete successfully with road, air and conventional rail services on densely trafficked routes where willingness to pay is sufficient at the relatively elevated fare levels needed to cover costs. High-speed rail investments can also relieve congestion on the conventional rail network, and the capacity for high-speed rail to provide fast city centre to city centre services creates new possibilities for day-return business trips and short-stay leisure trips. The long cost recovery periods for high-speed lines imply government involvement in the financing of most investments. The high costs mean that governments can be exposed to accumulation of large debts, particularly if demand develops more slowly than expected. Where high-speed rail investments are designed to promote regional integration rather than meet commercial demand, significant subsidy from central and regional governments will be needed for the construction of infrastructure and possibly also for train operations. This report examines the key factors that drive the costs of high-speed rail investment and reviews the economic benefits delivered by high-speed rail services on the basis of experience in countries that have developed large high-speed rail networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107751-en
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  • 96
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    Prix effectifs du carbone (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264197138
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effective Carbon Prices
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les manuels d’économie prédisent que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis d’émission sont les solutions les moins onéreuses pour permettre à la société de réduire ses émissions de CO2. Ce livre démontre que cette hypothèse se vérifie également en pratique. Il fournit des estimations sur les coûts pour la société de réduire les émissions de CO2 dans 15 pays, en utilisant une large panoplie d’instruments dans 5 secteurs générant le plus d’émissions : le secteur de production d’électricité, du transport routier, des pâtes & papier et du ciment, ainsi que de la consommation d’énergie des ménages. Il trouve de grandes variations dans le coût de réduction de chaque tonne de CO2 au sein de et entre les pays, ainsi qu’au sein des secteurs examinés et à travers différents types d’instruments politiques. Des approches axées sur le marché, tels que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis ont systématiquement permis la réduction de CO2 à un moindre coût par rapport à d’autres instruments. Les subventions d’équipement et les tarifs d’achat figuraient, quant à eux, parmi les mesures les plus onéreuses de réduction d’émissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264197138-fr
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  • 97
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    Recruiting Immigrant Workers: Norway 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: Norway is characterised by very high levels of migration from within the European Economic Area (EEA) and growing but small scale labour migration from countries outside the EEA. In this context, the challenge for managing discretionary labour migration is to ensure it complements EEA flows. High-skilled workers who come to Norway often leave, even if their employer would like to keep them. Norway has many international students, but most appear to leave at graduation or in the years that follow. The spouses of skilled migrants – usually educated and talented themselves – face challenges in finding employment, and this may cause the whole family to leave. Key industries in smaller population centres wonder how they will source talent in the future. This review examines these aspects of the Norwegian labour migration system. It considers the efficiency of procedures and whether the system is capable of meeting demand. It looks at several policy measures that were implemented and withdrawn, and assesses how these and other mechanisms could be better applied. The characteristics and behaviour of past labour migrants is examined to suggest means of encouraging promising immigrants to remain, and how Norway might attract the specific labour migrants from which it can most benefit in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226135-en
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  • 98
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    Women in Public Life : Gender, Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women in public life
    Keywords: Frauen ; Familienpolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: Public institutions play a critical role in promoting gender-sensitive policies and gender equality more broadly, in the MENA region and around the world. Advancing gender balance in public institutions and public life more generally, including the judiciary, parliaments, and the political executive constitutes a major step towards gender-responsive policies and non-discrimination and serves as a key milestone in promoting gender equality. This report provides a comparative overview of the policies affecting women’s participation in public life across the MENA region. It examines the existing barriers to women’s access to public decision-making positions, and provides a cross-country assessment of current instruments and institutions to advance women’s empowerment in the MENA region. The report undertakes an analysis of the existing legal barriers for gender equality in public life, including with regard to political and economic rights, freedom of movement, labour law, family law, access to justice and gender-based violence and provides focused policy-recommendations to close legal and institutional gaps. The report has been prepared by the OECD, in partnership with Centre for Arab Women Training and Research (CAWTAR) and with the support of the Arab Administrative Development Organisation (ARADO) and covers the following countries: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224636-en
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  • 99
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    Desarrollo sostenible : Integrar la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175617
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: En la actualidad oímos por doquier la expresión “desarrollo sostenible”, pero ¿qué significa realmente? ¿De qué manera la producción y el consumo lo afectan?¿La globalización de la economía la está ayudando u obstaculizando? ¿Se puede medir la sostenibilidad a través de las herramientas tradicionales del análisis económico? ¿Qué pueden hacer los gobiernos, las empresas y las personas para fomentarla? La OCDE genera información, investigación y recomendaciones de políticas sobre muchos temas relacionados con el desarrollo sostenible, incluidos el cambio climático, la cooperación con los países en desarrollo y la responsabilidad social corporativa. Esenciales OCDE: Desarrollo sostenible se basa en esa experiencia. Señala que, para ser sostenible, el desarrollo debe basarse en el avance simultáneo de tres áreas: la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175617-es
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  • 100
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    Employment and Skills Strategies in the Czech Republic (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in the Czech Republic
    RVK:
    QG 477
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Tschechien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Betriebliche Ausbildung
    Abstract: This review looks at a range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies in the Czech Republic, focusing on local strategies on the Ústí nad Labem and South Moravian regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208957-en
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