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  • 2015-2019  (870)
  • 1930-1934
  • 2016  (870)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (870)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends Shaping Education 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264250178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (120 pages)
    Series Statement: Trends Shaping Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.43
    Keywords: Education-Social aspects-OECD countries.. ; Education-Economic aspects-OECD countries ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Executive Summary Overview: The impact of trends on the future of education Chapter 1. Globalisation Chapter 2. The future of the nation-state Chapter 3. Are cities the new countries? Chapter 4. Family matters Chapter 5. A brave new world.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    BSZ
    GBV
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity to Dipteran Dung Flies(Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae)) (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264571
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 228 ; Détermination de la toxicité pour le développement des mouches du fumier (Scathophaga stercoraria L. [Scathophagidae] et Musca autumnalis De Geer [Muscidae])
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to estimate the developmental toxicity of a test chemical to the dung dwelling life stages of dung-dependent dipteran species. Two test species can be used. The test chemical is mixed with bovine faeces, to which either 10 eggs of Scathophaga stercoraria or 10 larvae of Musca autumnalis are added. The test will be terminated 5 days after emergence of the last adult in the control (〉 18 days for S. stercoraria, 〉13 days for M. autumnalis). Then the possible impacts of the test chemical on the following measurement endpoints are assessed under controlled conditions: sex and total number of emerged adult flies, retardation of emergence indicated by the developmental rate and morphological change. Depending on the experimental design, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) or the Effect concentration for x percent effect (ECx) can be determined. This Guideline can be used for water soluble or insoluble substances, but is not applicable to volatile substances. If the toxicity of the chemical is unknown, five nominal test concentrations should be conducted. A positive control should be tested periodically. The test is considered valid if in the controls hatching of larvae is superior or equal to 70% of the number of introduced eggs, emergence of adults is superior or equal to 70% and superior or equal to 50% of the respectively hatched and introduced larvae and if the emergence of adult flies starts after 18 +- 2 days (S. stercoraria) or after 13 +- 2 days(M. autumnalis).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264571-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 483: Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 483 ; Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur spermatogonies de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This test measures structural chromosomal aberrations (both chromosome- and chromatid-type) in dividing spermatogonial germ cells and is, therefore, expected to be predictive of induction of heritable mutations in these germ cells. The purpose of the in vivo mammalian spermatogonial chromosomal aberration test is to identify those chemicals that cause structural chromosomal aberrations in mammalian spermatogonial cells (1) (2) (3). In addition, this test is relevant to assessing genetoxicity because, although they may vary among species, factors of in vivo metabolism, pharmacokinetics and DNA-repair processes are active and contribute to the response. The original Test Guideline 483 was adopted in 1997. This modified version of the Test Guideline reflects many years of experience with this assay and the potential for integrating or combining this test with other toxicity or genotoxicity studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264847-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 ; Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic test substances in cells that have undergone cell division during or after exposure to the test substance. This Test Guideline allows the use of protocols with and without the actin polymerisation inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. This Test Guideline also allows the use of protocols without cytokinesis block provided there is evidence that the cell population analysed has undergone mitosis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264861-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estudio de la OCDE sobre la Política Regulatoria en Chile : La Capacidad del Gobierno para Asegurar una Regulación de Alta Calidad (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267060
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Revisiones de la OCDE sobre reforma regulatoria
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Policy in Chile; Government Capacity to Ensure High-Quality Regulation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Regulatory Policy in Chile: Government Capacity to Ensure High-Quality Regulation
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: Un manejo macroeconómico prudente y reformas estructurales recientes han ayudado a Colombia a resistir los efectos de la crisis financiera global. El Gobierno de Colombia ha puesto un énfasis particular en la simplificación de trámites que impactan a empresas y ciudadanos. Además, ha puesto en marcha diversas iniciativas para hacer a la administración más transparente y accesible para los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, después de varios años en operación, este enfoque debe ajustarse para abordar los antecedentes de la regulación. Colombia aun carece de una política de mejora regulatoria con un enfoque de gobierno completo y requiere repensar el diseño institucional para una implementación coherente de diferentes herramientas regulatorias. También necesita adoptar un enfoque sistemático para controlar y revisar la justificación y la lógica detrás de los trámites y, sobre todo, de las regulaciones. Finalmente, como en muchos otros países, el desarrollo y aplicación de una política integral de gobernanza regulatoria para los gobiernos subnacionales y la coordinación multi-nivel son temas pendientes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267060-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries : Leading a Paradigm Shift to a Safe System (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282108055
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Transport
    Abstract: This report describes a paradigm shift in road safety policy, being led by a handful of countries, according to the principles of a Safe System. A Safe System is based on the premise that road crashes are both predictable and preventable, and that it is possible to move towards zero road deaths and serious injuries. This, however, requires a fundamental rethink of the governance and implementation of road safety policy. To stem the road death epidemic, the United Nations have set the target of halving traffic fatalities by 2020. Every year, 1.25 million people are killed in road crashes and up to 50 million are seriously injured. Road crashes kill more people than malaria or tuberculosis and are among the ten leading causes of death. Their economic cost is estimated at 2-5% of GDP in many countries. Written by a group of international road safety experts, this report provides leaders in government, administrations, business and academia with emerging best practices and the starting point to chart their own journeys towards a Safe System.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282108055-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 226: Predatory mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) reproduction test in soil (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 226 ; Essai de reproduction d'un acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess the effects of chemical substances in soil on the reproductive output of the soil mite species Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer Canestrini (Acari: Laelapidae). It can be used for water soluble or insoluble substances, but not with volatile substances. Adult females of similar age are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into 20 g dry mass of artificial soil 28-35 days after the start of the egg laying period. Depending on the endpoint (ECx, NOEC or both), five to twelve concentrations should be tested. At least two to four replicates for each test concentrations and six to eight control replicates, of 10 animals each, are recommended. At 20¡ãC, the test lasts 14 days after introducing the females, which usually allows the control offspring to reach the deutonymph stage. The number of surviving females (mortality ¡Ü 20% for a valid test) and the number of juveniles per test vessel (at least 50 for a valid test) are determined. The fecundity of the mites exposed to the test substance is compared to that of controls in order to determine the ECx (e.g. EC10, EC50) or the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). Any observed differences between the behaviour and the morphology of the mites in the control and the treated vessels should be recorded.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264557-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Illicit Trade : Converging Criminal Networks (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264251847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Illicit trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Menschenhandel ; Wildtiere ; Arzneimittel ; Tabakwaren ; Droge ; Alkohol ; Wetten ; Welt ; Governance
    Abstract: This report assesses the magnitude, flows and drivers of illicit trade and the illegal economy including: narcotics, human trafficking, wildlife, sports betting, counterfeit medicines, alcohol and tobacco. The negative socio-economic impacts that these markets have in consumer countries are as worrisome as the goverance gaps that are exploited in source countries. This report examines each illicit sector in terms of the geographic sources, destinations and key trade routes, the current trend of infiltration by organized crime networks, and good practices or future policy solutions with which to combat illicit trade within the various sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264251847-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' articulation entre productivité et inclusivité : Version préliminaire (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264260849
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Productivity-Inclusiveness Nexus; Preliminary version
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport propose une nouvelle approche intégrée pour promouvoir la productivité et réduire les inégalités. Il présente les études empiriques les plus récentes sur les principaux facteurs qui expliquent le ralentissement des gains de productivité et la hausse ou la persistance des inégalités mais aussi discute des liens possibles entre ces deux tendances et de leurs éventuels fondements communs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264260849-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Government in Chile : Strengthening the Institutional and Governance Framework (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Chile
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile ; Chile ; E-Government
    Abstract: This review analyses the governance and institutional framework of digital government in Chile. It is based on the OECD Recommendation on Digital Government Strategies. It first benchmarks the institutional arrangements of ten advanced countries in the field of digital government, assessing their strategies, digital government units or bodies and policy levers, as well as the co-ordination mechanisms in place. The review then provides an in-depth look at the institutional set-up of digital government in Chile. The assessment reveals that the governance of digital government in Chile would benefit from a stronger legal basis, providing the unit leading the work on digital government with a better grounding and the necessary levers to drive the digital transformation of government and public services. Based on this analysis, the OECD advances two alternative recommendations to strengthen the institutional framework of digital government to foster public sector productivity, enhance efficiencies and improve service delivery. The strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives discussed in detail. The review includes a roadmap for the implementation of both alternatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258013-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Government at a Glance: How Korea Compares (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264259003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Government at a glance
    Keywords: Regierung ; Politik ; Transparenz ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Politik ; Transparenz
    Abstract: This report provides a series of indicators on Korea's policymaking practices and government performance compared to those of other OECD countries and of the G7 countries. Based on the Korean government reform objectives, this publication discusses how to strengthen evidence-based policymaking in the Korean public administration and, more generally, how to improve public service delivery and results for more inclusive growth. Although Korea is currently in an enviable fiscal situation compared to other OECD and G7 countries, the growing old-age-dependency ratio will inevitably increase budget pressures in the coming years. Concrete actions are therefore needed now to promote greater efficiency and value for money in public spending and public service delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264259003-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Northern Ireland (United Kingdom): Implementing Joined-up Governance for a Common Purpose (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264260016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Nordirland ; Governance ; Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Northern Ireland is currently undertaking public administration reforms organised around three main objectives: improving strategic approaches, improving operational delivery of services to citizens and businesses, and improving engagement with people. This review supports those reforms by providing an assessment and recommendations on a wide range of issues, including strategy-setting and co-ordination, strategic government-wide human resources management, open government, regulatory reform and digital government. It highlights areas where Northern Ireland possesses strengths upon which to build future reforms and suggests actions for the future. This is the first Public Governance Review to be conducted by the OECD at the subnational level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264260016-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building regulatory policy systems in OECD countries (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regulatory policy working papers no. 5
    Series Statement: OECD regulatory policy working papers
    Keywords: evidence-based decision making ; regulatory impact assessment ; ex post evaluation ; stakeholder engagement ; transparency ; open government ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper exploits the rich dataset collected in the context of the 2014 Regulatory Indicators Survey to analyse how countries put in place the building blocks of their regulatory policy systems. It complements the 2015 OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook by systematically examining country practices in the areas of regulatory impact assessment, stakeholder consultation and ex post evaluation of regulations. In particular, it seeks to inform discussions about the sequencing of measures in implementing policy in these three areas, through the adoption of legal requirements, the development of appropriate methodology, the establishment of transparency mechanisms and of oversight and quality control. In order to provide concrete illustration and lay the ground for practical reform advice, the paper identifies groupings of countries around the emphasis they put on each of these tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbb1a18f-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    School leadership for learning : insights from TALIS 2013 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264258337 , 9789264258334 , 9264258345 , 9789264258341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Series Statement: Talis 2013
    Series Statement: Teaching and learning International survey
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als School leadership for learning
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als School leadership for learning
    Keywords: Teaching and Learning International Survey ; Teaching and Learning International Survey ; Schule ; Führungskräfte ; Lehrkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Educational leadership ; Educational leadership ; Educational leadership ; Educational leadership ; Education ; OECD ; Schule ; Lehrer ; Schulleiter
    Abstract: The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the largest international survey of teachers and school leaders. Using the TALIS database, this report looks at different approaches to school leadership and the impact of school leadership on professional learning communities and on the learning climate in individual schools. It looks at principals’ instructional and distributed leadership across different education systems and levels. Instructional leadership comprises leadership practices that involve the planning, evaluation, co-ordination and improvement of teaching and learning. Distributed leadership in schools explores the degree of involvement of staff, parents or guardians, and students in school decisions. How are principals’ and schools’ characteristics related to instructional and distributed leadership? What types of leadership are favoured across countries? What impact do they have on the establishment of professional learning communities and positive learning environments? The report notes that teacher collaboration is more common in schools with strong instructional leadership. However, about one in three principals does not actively encourage collaboration among the teaching staff in his or her school. There is room for improvement; and both policy and practice can help achieve it. The report offers a series of policy recommendations to help strengthen school leadership.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258341-en
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Education governance in action : lessons from case studies (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262829 , 9789264262652
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Burns, Tracey Education governance in action
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Flandern ; Deutschland ; Norwegen ; Polen ; Schweden ; Niederlande ; Education ; Bildungspolitik ; Flandern ; Deutschland ; Norwegen ; Polen ; Schweden
    Abstract: Governing multi-level education systems requires governance models that balance responsiveness to local diversity with the ability to ensure national objectives. This delicate equilibrium is difficult to achieve given the complexity of many education systems. Countries are therefore increasingly looking for examples of good practice and models of effective modern governance that they can adapt to their own needs. Education Governance in Action: Lessons from Case Studies bridges theory and practice by connecting major themes in education governance to real-life reform efforts in a variety of countries. It builds upon in-depth case studies of education reform efforts in Flanders (Belgium), Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The case studies are complemented by country examples of efforts to restore and sustain trust in their education systems. Together they provide a rich illustration of modern governance challenges - and successes. The volume highlights the importance of the interdependence between knowledge and governance and focuses on essential components for modern education governance: accountability, capacity building and strategic thinking. It sets the agenda for thinking about the flexible and adaptive systems necessary for governing education in today's complex world. This publication will be of interest to policy makers, education leaders, teachers, the education research community and all those interested in education governance and complexity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262829-en
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  • 18
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    Recommandation du Conseil concernant la politique et la gouvernance réglementaires (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209039
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La Recommandation est le premier instrument international à traiter de la politique, de la gestion et de la gouvernance réglementaires comme responsabilités partagées par l’ensemble des administrations. Elle présente les mesures que les gouvernements peuvent mettre en œuvre afin d’encourager les réformes réglementaires.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209039-fr
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  • 19
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    Guide opérationnel CITE 2011 : Directives pour la classification des programmes éducatifs nationaux et des certifications correspondantes (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264248823
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ISCED 2011 Operational Manual; Guidelines for Classifying National Education Programmes and Related Qualifications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual Operativo CINE 2011 ; Directrices para clasificar programas nacionales de educación y certificaciones relacionadas
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La structure des systèmes éducatifs varie énormément d’un pays à l’autre. Afin de produire des statistiques et des indicateurs comparables à l’échelle internationale, il est nécessaire de disposer d’un cadre permettant de collecter et de soumettre des données sur des programmes éducatifs avec un contenu éducatif de niveau similaire. La Classification internationale type de l’Éducation (CITE) de l’UNESCO est la classification de référence permettant d’organiser les programmes éducatifs et les certifications correspondantes par niveau d’éducation et par domaines d’études. Les définitions et les concepts fondamentaux de la CITE ont été établis de manière à être internationalement valides et applicables à l’ensemble des systèmes éducatifs. La CITE 2011 est la deuxième révision importante de cette classification (élaborée initialement dans les années 70 et révisée pour la première fois en 1997). Elle a été adoptée par la Conférence générale de l’UNESCO en novembre 2011. Préparé conjointement par l’Institut de statistique de l’UNESCO (ISU), l’OCDE et Eurostat, ce guide opérationnel fournit des directives et notes explicatives pour l’interprétation de la classification révisée, par niveau éducatif. Il présente également des exemples nationaux de programmes et de certifications correspondantes classés dans la CITE 2011. Ce guide sera utile aux statisticiens nationaux qui collectent et soumettent des données d’éducation aux organisations internationales, ainsi qu’aux décideurs politiques et aux chercheurs intéressés par une meilleure compréhension de ces données.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264248823-fr
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  • 20
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    Water Governance in Cities (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264251090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in cities
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Stadt ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: Urban, demographic and climate trends are increasingly exposing cities to risks of having too little, too much and too polluted water. Facing these challenges requires robust public policies and sound governance frameworks to co-ordinate across multiple scales, authorities, and policy domains. Building on a survey of 48 cities in OECD countries and emerging economies, the report analyses key factors affecting urban water governance, discusses trends in allocating roles and responsibilities across levels of government, and assesses multi-level governance gaps in urban water management. It provides a framework for mitigating territorial and institutional fragmentation and raising the profile of water in the broader sustainable development agenda, focusing in particular on the contribution of metropolitan governance, rural-urban partnerships and stakeholder engagement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264251090-en
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  • 21
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    World Energy Statistics 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (789 p.)
    Series Statement: World Energy Statistics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263079-en
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  • 22
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    Essai n 475: Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur moelle osseuse de mammifères (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264793
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 475; Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai d'aberration chromosomique in vivo sur mammifères est employé à l’identification des composés d'essai qui induisent des aberrations structurales dans des cellules de moelle osseuse d’animaux, généralement des rongeurs (rats, souris et hamsters chinois). Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. Des animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) par une voie d'exposition appropriée (habituellement par gavage via une sonde gastrique ou d’une canule de tubage appropriée, ou par injection intrapéritonéale) et sont sacrifiés après des délais appropriés de traitement. Avant le sacrifice, les animaux sont traités avec un inhibiteur de fuseau. Des préparations chromosomiques sont alors faites à partir des cellules de moelle et colorées, et des cellules de métaphase sont analysées pour mettre en évidence les aberrations chromosomiques. Chacun des groupes traités et de contrôle doivent inclure au moins 5 animaux analysables par sexe. La dose de limite est 2000 de mg/kg pc/jour pour le traitement jusqu'à 14 jours, et de 1000 mg/kg pc/jour pour le traitement de plus de 14 jours.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264793-fr
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  • 23
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    Test No. 223: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 223 ; Oiseaux, toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to estimate the acute oral toxicity of substances to birds, and it provides three testing options: (1) limit dose test, (2) LD50-slope test, and (3) LD50-only test. The LD50-slope and LD50-only options are sequential testing procedures. The test method selected will depend on whether or not a definitive median dose (LD50) and slope of the dose-response curve are both needed. The limit dose test is the preferred test when toxicity is expected to be low and lethality is unlikely at the limit dose. The limit dose should be adequate for assessment purposes, and it is usually 2000 mg/kg-bwt. Five or ten birds are tested at the limit dose in addition to a control group. The LD50-slope test is the preferred test when regulatory or other requirements determine that the slope of the dose-response curve and/or the confidence interval is required in addition to an estimate of the LD50. This is a 3- or 4-stage test with 24 or 34 birds in addition to a control group. The LD50-only test is the preferred test when regulatory or other requirements determine that only the median lethal dose is required but neither the slope of the dose response curve or the confidence interval for the LD50 is required. This may be the appropriate test to estimate a percentile of a species sensitivity distribution of LD50s and to provide information for product labelling purposes. This test has two stages, with 14 birds in addition to a control group. Software to be used with TG 223. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264519-en
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  • 24
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    Test No. 474: Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264762
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 474; Test du Micronoyau sur Érythrocytes de Mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mammalian in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts, by analysis of erythrocytes as sampled in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells of animals, usually rodents (mice or rats). The purpose of the micronucleus test is to identify substances (liquid or solid) that cause cytogenetic damage which results in the formation of micronuclei containing lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. Animals are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection). Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. Administration of the treatments consists of a single dose of test substance or two daily doses (or more). The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264762-en
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  • 25
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    Essai n 223 : Oiseaux, toxicité orale aigue͏̈ (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264533
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 223; Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit les procédures à suivre pour évaluer la toxicité orale aiguë de substances chez les oiseaux selon trois types d’essais : (1) essai de dose limite, (2) essai de détermination de la pente de la DL50, (3) essai de détermination de la DL50 seule. Les essais de pente de la DL50 et de DL50 seule sont des procédures d’essai séquentielles. La méthode d’essai choisie dépend du besoin que l’on a ou non de déterminer la dose médiane (DL50) définitive et la pente de la courbe dose-effet. L’essai de dose limite est privilégié en cas de faible toxicité attendue et de létalité improbable à la dose limite. La dose limite, qui doit être adaptée aux fins de l’évaluation, est en général de 2 000 mg/kg de poids corporel. Cinq ou dix oiseaux et un groupe témoin sont utilisés pour l’essai de dose limite. L’essai de détermination de la pente de la DL50 est privilégié lorsque des exigences réglementaires ou d’une autre nature imposent de déterminer, outre une estimation de la DL50, la pente de la courbe dose-effet et/ou l’intervalle de confiance. Il se déroule en 3 ou 4 étapes avec 24 ou 34 oiseaux et un groupe témoin. L’essai de détermination de la DL50 seule est privilégié lorsque des exigences réglementaires ou d’une autre nature imposent de déterminer la dose létale médiane mais non la pente de la courbe dose-effet ni l’intervalle de confiance pour la DL50. Il peut convenir pour estimer un centile de la distribution de la sensibilité d’une espèce et pour fournir des informations aux fins d’étiquetage des produits. Cet essai se déroule en deux étapes, avec 14 oiseaux et un groupe témoin. Logiciel à utiliser pour l'essai 223. Cliquer ici. Logiciel non couvert par l’Acceptation Mutuelle des Données.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264533-fr
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    Making Cities Work for All : Data and Actions for Inclusive Growth (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making cities work for all
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Cities are places where opportunities for prosperity coexist with stark inequalities between the richest and the poorest. Cities produce and attract highly educated workers and innovative employers. It is usually easier in cities than in other parts of the country for individuals to climb up the income, education or jobs ladder. But cities, especially the largest ones, also concentrate inequalities, both in income and in other well-being aspects, that remain remarkably high in many OECD economies. Access to opportunities seems stalled for many low-income urban residents, who often live in distressed neighbourhoods. This report provides ground-breaking, internationally comparable data on economic growth, inequalities and well-being at the city level in OECD countries. It provides empirical evidence on how cities are diverging from, or converging with, other parts of the country, and of the extent of inequality within cities. Finally, it proposes a framework for action, to help national and local governments reorient policies towards more inclusive growth in cities – a new approach to growth that ensures that no part of society is left behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263260-en
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  • 27
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    National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste : Methodology for Common Presentation of Data (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264265431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste inventory data are an important element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s). The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency proposed to develop a methodology that would ensure consistency of national radioactive waste inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme. This report provides such a methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and for waste arising from reprocessing. The extension of the methodology and presenting scheme to other types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies is envisaged in a second phase.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264265431-en
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  • 28
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    Essai n 483 : Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur spermatogonies de mammifères (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264854
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 483; Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet essai mesure les aberrations chromosomiques structurales (de type chromosomique et chromatidique) qui surviennent dans les spermatogonies et devrait par conséquent permettre de prévoir l'induction de mutations héritées dans les cellules germinales. L’essai d’aberration chromosomique pratiqué in vivo sur des spermatogonies de mammifères est destiné à détecter les produits chimiques qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules de spermatogonies de mammifère (1) (2) (3). Par ailleurs, cet essai se prête bien à l’évaluation de la génotoxicité, car, malgré des variations entre les espèces, les facteurs du métabolisme in vivo, la pharmacocinétique et les processus de réparation de l’ADN sont actifs et contribuent aux réponses. La Ligne directrice 483 originale a été adoptée en 1997. La présente version modifiée de la ligne directrice reflète les connaissances scientifiques acquises après de nombreuses années d’expérience de cet essai et tient compte des possibilités de l’intégrer ou de le combiner à d’autres études de toxicité ou de génotoxicité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264854-fr
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  • 29
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    The Governance of Inclusive Growth : An Overview of Country Initiatives (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264265189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of inclusive growth
    RVK:
    QG 000
    Keywords: Wachstumspolitik ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Bericht ; OECD ; Wirtschaftskooperation
    Abstract: Achieving inclusive growth relates closely to how governments work and how policies are designed, implemented, delivered and evaluated. This publication presents an overview of country initiatives concerning inclusive growth in 39 OECD member and partner countries. It was prepared in the context of the OECD Public Governance Ministerial Meetings held in Helsinki, Finland, on 28 October 2015. The publication focuses on four core issues: engaging with citizens and businesses for more inclusive policies and services; innovative policy design for inclusive growth; improving the delivery of services for and with citizens; and, strengthening accountability through better performance management and evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264265189-en
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  • 30
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    World Energy Balances 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (693 p.)
    Series Statement: World Energy Balances
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263116-en
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  • 31
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    Strengthening governance and competitiveness in the MENA region for stronger and more inclusive growth (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264265677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des politiques meilleures au service de la croissance inclusive et de l'intégration économique dans la région MENA ; Politiques meilleures
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening governance and competitiveness in the MENA region for stronger and more inclusive growth; (Arabic version)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The MENA region registered relatively dynamic economic growth and investment rates during the first decade of the century, even during the global economic and financial crisis. This was helped by important reforms by many governments to increase economic openness, diversification, private sector development and institutional reform. The participation of Tunisia and Jordan in the Open Government Partnership, the massive investment in infrastructure by Morocco and Egypt to increase connectivity and improve participation in global trade, and the efforts of the United Arab Emirates to diversify its economy demonstrate the great potential of the region to achieve progress. However, recent political instability and security threats have considerably slowed economic prospects. Reforms have not succeeded in tackling deeper structural challenges, such as corruption, unemployment, uneven development and unequal opportunities, especially for disadvantaged regions, women and youth. Appropriate policy responses are needed to regain stability and lay the foundations for a more open economy and a more inclusive development model. While the MENA region is profoundly heterogeneous, there are significant common economic and institutional trends that support the need for more concerted action to exploit the immense potential of the region and ensure its fruitful integration into the global economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264265677-en
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  • 32
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Burkina Faso 2016 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales ; Rapport d'examen par les pairs ; Burkina Faso 2016 ; Phase 2 ; mise en œuvre pratique des normes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Burkina Faso 2016
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Burkina Faso ; Taxation ; Burkina Faso ; Burkina Faso ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Burkina Faso. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 130 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266070-en
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  • 33
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Brunei Darussalam 2016 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Brunei Darussalam 2016
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Brunei ; Taxation ; Brunei Darussalam
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Brunei Darussalam. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 130 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266063-en
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    Climate and Disaster Resilience Financing in Small Island Developing States (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Storms, hurricanes, and cyclones have been a feature of life on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) for centuries. But climate change is now increasing the intensity of these disasters, as well as creating new developmental challenges - like rising sea levels and increasing ocean acidity - which not only challenge the development models of these countries. They challenge and threaten their own existence. This report examines the nature, scope and volume of concessional finance directed to SIDS to build resilience to climate change and natural disasters. It identifies challenges in the provision and use of financing for resilience. Yet, it is not just about challenges. It also illustrates the positive steps that SIDS are taking – and in many cases leading – to ensure that climate and disaster resilience is addressed as an integral part of their development. The report offers targeted recommendations to enhance the scope and quality of resilience financing, calling for the international community to consider financing for climate and disaster resilience that is appropriate for the challenges that SIDS face. The report is a jointly funded initiative of the OECD and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) at the World Bank.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266919-en
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  • 35
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    OECD Public Governance Reviews: Spain 2016 : Linking Reform to Results for the Country and its Regions (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD public governance reviews
    Keywords: Verwaltungsreform ; Regionalverwaltung ; Spanien ; Governance ; Economics ; Spain
    Abstract: In 2014, Spain launched a set of administrative reforms called “The CORA reform” as part of broader fiscal reforms. The CORA was a comprehensive and ambitious programme to create conditions for a more transparent public administration closer to citizens and businesses. The reforms were the subject of an OECD Public Governance Review undertaken in 2014. This progress report, the first of its kind, analyses how the OECD recommendations in the 2014 review have been implemented so far at the national level. In addition, it describes how the autonomous communities Galicia and Murcia have implemented the recommendations, and discusses the challenges that remain for achieving effective co-ordination and closer collaboration between the central and the regional levels in the area of public sector reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263024-en
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  • 36
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    Improving Economic Instruments for Water Resources Management in the Republic of Buryatia (Lake Baikal Basin) (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving economic instruments for water resources management in the Republic of Buryatia (Lake Baikal Basin)
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Baikalsee ; Burjatien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Russian Federation ; Burjatien ; Baikalsee-Gebiet ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserreserve
    Abstract: A major challenge facing the Republic of Buryatia, subject of the Russian Federation, is how to balance the task of protecting Lake Baikal – a unique water object and ecological system included in the UNESCO list of World Natural Heritage Areas – with the need for dynamic and sustainable socio-economic development of the republic. This requires streamlining and improving water policy jointly with economic, administrative, information and other policy instruments. The recommendations in this report aim to help achieve this objective. They include the introduction of abstraction charges for irrigation water as a natural resource; enhancement of state support to the water sector; and improvement of economic instruments for managing risks of water-related hazards (such as compulsory insurance and differentiated land tax rates in flood prone areas). A few innovative instruments are also recommended for pilot testing such as establishing limits for discharges of certain hazardous substances in a pilot area (e.g. Selenga river basin) and progressive development of market for tradable quotas for discharges of the “capped” pollutants; and introducing a charge (tax) on toxic agricultural chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, etc.) and synthetic detergents so that to create incentives for the reduction of diffuse water pollution.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266452-en
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    Engaging Public Employees for a High-Performing Civil Service (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267190
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging public employees for a high-performing civil service
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalauswahl ; Personalbeschaffung ; Leistungsmotivation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Economics ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: How can governments reduce workforce costs while ensuring civil servants remain engaged and productive? This report addresses this question, using evidence from the 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Budgeting Constraints: Implications for HRM and Employment in Central Public Administration. The results clearly illustrate the complex challenges facing civil services, such as how to reduce size and cost while still attracting and retaining high-calibre professional talent. The first part of this report shows that the pressure on central public administrations to reduce costs has required many OECD countries to make cuts that have likely resulted in negative impacts on the workforce regarding trust, motivation and commitment. Overall, 67% of countries surveyed have implemented a pay freeze since 2008. The second part explores how a number of OECD countries are using employee surveys as a leadership tool to better manage employee engagement, which is linked to better job performance, organisational commitment, productivity and public sector innovation. Employee engagement can be a powerful counter balance to austerity-driven measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267190-en
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  • 38
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    Exigir a los contribuyentes que revelen sus mecanismos de planificación fiscal agresiva, Acción 12 - Informe final 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267367
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Proyecto de la OCDE y del G-20 sobre la Erosión de la Base Imponible y el Traslado de Beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mandatory Disclosure Rules, Action 12 - 2015 Final Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Règles de communication obligatoire d'informations, Action 12 - Rapport final 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mandatory Disclosure Rules, Action 12 - 2015 Final Report; (Korean version)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrentan las administraciones tributarias de todo el mundo es la falta de información exhaustiva y pertinente sobre las estrategias de planificación fiscal agresiva. Los regímenes de declaración obligatoria brindan a los países la oportunidad de responder con prontitud a eventuales riesgos fiscales proporcionando un acceso rápido y tempestivo a este tipo de información. El presente informe incluye una descripción general de los regímenes de declaración obligatoria aprovechando las experiencias de los países que ya cuentan con tales sistemas de normas y formula recomendaciones relativas a un marco modular diseñado para que aquellos países que deseen implementar o modificar las normas de declaración obligatoria puedan obtener información pertinente y temprana sobre eventuales estrategias de planificación fiscal agresiva o abusiva y los sujetos que las articulan. Dichas recomendaciones entrañan un grado de flexibilidad suficiente para establecer el justo equilibrio entre la necesidad que tiene todo país de disponer de información más completa y relevante y la carga potencial de cumplimiento que recae sobre los contribuyentes. Asimismo, el informe establece recomendaciones específicas para el diseño de normas que regulen las estructuras de planificación internacional, así como para la consolidación y puesta en práctica de un intercambio de información más eficaz y una colaboración reforzada entre administraciones tributarias.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267367-es
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    Investing in Youth: Sweden (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Schweden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Bildungsinvestition ; Jugend
    Abstract: This report is part of the series on "Investing in Youth" which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the area of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on disadvantaged youth including those at risk of disengaging.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267701-en
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  • 40
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    States of Fragility 2016 : Understanding Violence (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Failed State ; Begrenzte Staatlichkeit ; Gewalttätigkeit ; Einflussgröße ; Politik ; Soziales Feld ; Umweltfaktor ; Innere Sicherheit ; Kausalität ; Ursache
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267213-en
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  • 41
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    Combatir las prácticas fiscales perniciosas, teniendo en cuenta la transparencia y la sustancia, Acción 5 - Informe final 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264267107
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Proyecto de la OCDE y del G-20 sobre la Erosión de la Base Imponible y el Traslado de Beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance, Action 5 - 2015 Final Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter plus efficacement contre les pratiques fiscales dommageables, en prenant en compte la transparence et la substance, Action 5 - Rapport final 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Wirksamere Bekämpfung schädlicher Steuerpraktiken unter Berücksichtigung von Transparenz und Substanz, Aktionspunkt 5 - Abschlussbericht 2015
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Los regímenes preferenciales siguen siendo un tema candente que suscita controversias. Los motivos de preocupación actuales están motivados fundamentalmente por el riesgo que supone la utilización de regímenes fiscales preferenciales para transferir artificialmente los beneficios y por la falta de transparencia en lo que respecta a ciertas fórmulas de tax ruling o de acuerdos previos entre la administración tributaria competente y el contribuyente en cuestión. El informe conexo a la presente acción establece una metodología consensuada para evaluar y determinar si existe o no actividad sustancial. En el contexto de los regímenes de propiedad intelectual (PI) –tales como los patent boxes o regímenes aplicables a las patentes–, se alcanzó un acuerdo en torno a la existencia de nexo o criterio de sujeción que se remite al gasto en cuanto indicador de una actividad sustancial y permite a cualquier contribuyente acogerse a un régimen de PI únicamente cuando éste haya incurrido en gastos asociados a actividades de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) efectivamente desarrolladas por aquél. Este mismo principio puede aplicarse igualmente a otros regímenes preferenciales, para cuya instauración se exige que existan actividades sustanciales de las que cualquier contribuyente obtenga rendimientos o generen rentas. En lo concerniente a la transparencia, se ha acordado implantar un marco de referencia bajo el que se incluyan todos aquellos acuerdos previos entre la administración tributaria competente y un determinado contribuyente que puedan suscitar preocupación por posibles prácticas elusivas BEPS ante la falta de un intercambio espontáneo de información relevante con carácter obligatorio siempre que haya información disponible o cuando existan dichos datos. El informe refleja los resultados de aplicar tanto los referidos factores como los criterios desarrollados de actividad sustancial y transparencia a diversos regímenes preferenciales por parte del Foro sobre Prácticas Fiscales Perniciosas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264267107-es
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    Lutter plus efficacement contre les pratiques fiscales dommageables, en prenant en compte la transparence et la substance, Action 5 - Rapport final 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264255203
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance, Action 5 - 2015 Final Report
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Les régimes préférentiels continuent de poser problème. Les préoccupations actuelles sont liées pour l’essentiel aux régimes préférentiels qui peuvent être utilisés pour transférer artificiellement des bénéfices et au manque de transparence entourant des décisions administratives relatives à des contribuables. Le rapport définit une méthodologie approuvée par les pays pour établir l’existence d’une activité substantielle. Dans le cas des régimes relatifs à la propriété intellectuelle tels que les régimes spéciaux applicables aux brevets (« patent boxes »), un consensus s’est dégagé autour de l’approche du « lien ». Dans cette approche, les dépenses réalisées dans le pays est le critère retenu pour mesurer l’activité substantielle, ce qui permet d’assurer que les contribuables qui bénéficient d’un régime préférentiel ont bien conduit des activités de recherche‑développement et effectué les dépenses correspondantes. Ce principe est applicable à d’autres régimes préférentiels, de sorte que la réalisation d’une activité substantielle devienne la condition à l’octroi d’avantages fiscaux au contribuable, et que ce dernier soit tenu de prouver qu’il a bien réalisé les principales activités génératrices de revenu. Dans une optique de transparence, un cadre d’échange spontané de renseignements a été adopté pour couvrir les décisions de l’administration qui seraient susceptibles, en l’absence d’un tel échange, de soulever des préoccupations en matière de BEPS. Le rapport décrit également les résultats obtenus par l’application à différents régimes préférentiels des facteurs définis par le Forum sur les pratiques fiscales dommageables, de l’exigence d’une activité substantielle et des nouvelles mesures en faveur de la transparence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255203-fr
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    The Safety Culture of an Effective Nuclear Regulatory Body (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252967
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Regulation
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that activities related to the peaceful use of nuclear energy are carried out in a safe manner within their respective countries. In order to effectively achieve this objective, the nuclear regulatory body requires specific characteristics, one of which is a healthy safety culture. This regulatory guidance report describes five principles that support the safety culture of an effective nuclear regulatory body. These principles concern leadership for safety, individual responsibility and accountability, co-operation and open communication, a holistic approach, and continuous improvement, learning and self-assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252967-en
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  • 44
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    Policies for Sound and Effective Investment in China (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264254985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policies for Sound and Effective Investment in China; (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Since the start of the economic reform process in the 70s China has been able to generate a large volume of investment, both from domestic and foreign sources. This high volume of investment was instrumental in sustaining strong economic growth and related improvements in living standards. However, this growth model is not longer sustainable. Returns on investment have fallen, excessive capacity is plaguing several sectors and the negative externalities have been very onerous, notably in terms of environmental degradation and rising income inequality. A key objective of the Chinese government is therefore to move the economy towards a more balanced, sustainable and inclusive growth path as envisaged by the 13th Five-Year Plan. In this adjustment process, the country is seeking new approaches for smarter, greener and more productive investment. This will require mutually reinforcing reforms to improve investment planning, rebalance the role of government and market forces, mainstream responsible business conduct and encourage greater private investment, especially in green infrastructure. China’s growing role as an outward investor may act as catalyser for the required reforms at home, as Chinese private and state-owned enterprises have to adopt internationally recognised practices and standards .
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264254985-en
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  • 45
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    Recommandation de 2015 du Conseil de l'OCDE sur l'égalité hommes-femmes dans la vie publique (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252875
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La Recommandation de 2015 du Conseil de l'OCDE sur l'égalité hommes-femmes dans la vie publique plaide en faveur d’une stratégie interministérielle de réforme en faveur de l’égalité hommes-femmes, des mécanismes solides de responsabilisation et de pérennisation des initiatives dans ce domaine, ainsi que des outils et des indicateurs appuyant des décisions politiques inclusives. Elle encourage dans le même temps une approche prenant en compte l’ensemble de la société afin de contribuer à la réduction des stéréotypes, d’inciter les femmes à participer à la vie politique et de supprimer les dispositions qui, explicitement ou implicitement, contrarient l’égalité entre hommes et femmes. Cette Recommandation est sans équivalent. Elle fournit en effet aux gouvernements, mais aussi aux parlements et aux systèmes judiciaires, des orientations claires, opportunes et faciles à mettre en application, en vue d’une réelle égalité entre hommes et femmes, de la prise en compte des initiatives en faveur des femmes, et d’un accès plus égal aux fonctions publiques d’hommes et de femmes de conditions diverses.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252875-fr
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    Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident : Nuclear Safety Improvements and Lessons Learnt (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264253131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Countries around the world continue to implement safety improvements and corrective actions based on lessons learnt from the 11 March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. This report provides a high-level summary and update on these activities, and outlines further lessons learnt and challenges identified for future consideration. It focuses on actions taken by NEA committees and NEA member countries, and as such is complementary to reports produced by other international organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264253131-en
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  • 47
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264243644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (287 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada has continued to harvest its vast natural resources and witnessed a shale revolution alongside rising oil sands production and investment in the energy sector over the past five years. The medium-term outlook for gas/oil production and exports, however, is challenging amid uncertainties around pipeline developments and an era of low prices, abundant global supplies and surging production in the United States, Canada’s main export market. Canada maintains the highest energy supply per capita among IEA member countries. Emissions from the oil and gas sectors increased by 14% in 2005-13, despite Canada’s low-carbon electricity mix (largely hydro and nuclear). The federal government, with the provinces, has put forward stringent energy efficiency and emission standards in the buildings, power and transport sectors, but not in industry. To strengthen its position as responsible energy supplier and user, Canada must take action to mitigate emissions and energy intensity. It can continue to develop its resources in a sustainable and cost-effective manner while balancing its economic and sustainability goals. Canada remains at the forefront of technological and regulatory innovation in unconventional oil and gas production and carbon capture and storage (CCS) with four large-scale CCS projects under way in 2015. The country has adopted ambitious climate targets at provincial and federal levels, but the federation is far from meeting its targets for 2020 and 2030. In July 2015, the Premiers of the provinces and territories agreed a Canadian Energy Strategy. The IEA urges the federal government to seize this opportunity for collective action to meet its 2030 goals and bring certainty to investment in clean-energy technologies and renewables. This in-depth review analyses the energy policy challenges facing Canada and provides recommendations for each energy sector, including advice for the implementation of the Canadian Energy Strategy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264243644-en
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  • 48
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    Examen mutuel de l'efficacité du développement en Afrique 2014 : Promesses et résultats (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264256910
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa 2014; Promise and Performance
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’Examen mutuel de l’efficacité du développement est un exercice de reddition mutuelle de comptes qui est réalisé conjointement par la CEA et l’OCDE suite à une demande formulée en 2003 par les Chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du NEPAD. Cet examen a pour objet de dresser le bilan de ce qui a été accompli par l’Afrique et ses partenaires afin d’honorer les engagements souscrits concernant le développement du continent, d’évaluer les résultats obtenus et de définir les principales priorités pour l’avenir. Il complète les auto-évaluations établies par chaque partie au partenariat et s’inscrit dans le droit fil de l’évolution conceptuelle qui porte désormais l’attention sur l’efficacité du développement et non plus sur la seule efficacité de l’aide, et de l’accent placé à Busan sur la responsabilité mutuelle. Les ministres des Finances de l’UA/CEA et les Chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du NEPAD ont réaffirmé l’intérêt de l’exercice. L’édition 2014 du rapport suit la même structure que les rapports précédents et s’articule autour de quatre grandes thématiques : croissance économique durable, investir dans l’humain, bonne gouvernance et financement du développement
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264256910-fr
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  • 49
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    Examen mutuel de l'efficacité du développement en Afrique 2012 : Promesses et résultats (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264256682
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa 2012; Promise and Performance
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’Examen mutuel de l’efficacité du développement est un exercice de reddition mutuelle de comptes qui est réalisé conjointement par la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l’Afrique et l’OCDE, suite à une demande formulée en 2003 par les Chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du NEPAD. Cet examen a pour objet de dresser le bilan de ce qui a été fait par l’Afrique et par ses partenaires au développement pour honorer les engagements souscrits concernant le développement de la région, d’évaluer les résultats obtenus et de définir les principales priorités pour l’avenir. Il complète les auto-évaluations établies par chaque partie au partenariat, et s’inscrit dans le droit fil de l’évolution conceptuelle qui porte désormais l’attention sur l’efficacité du développement et non plus sur la seule efficacité de l’aide, et de l’accent placé à Busan sur la responsabilité mutuelle. Les réunions des Chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du NEPAD en janvier 2012 et des ministres des Finances de l’UA/CEA en mars 2012 ont confirmé l’intérêt de l’exercice. L’édition 2012 du rapport suit la même structure que le rapport intérimaire, et s’articule autour de quatre grandes thématiques : croissance économique durable, investissement dans l’humain, bonne gouvernance et financement du développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264256682-fr
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  • 50
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    Protecting Consumers through Behavioural Insights : Regulating the Communications Market in Colombia (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264255463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Protecting consumers through behavioural insights
    Keywords: Verbraucherschutz ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Verbraucherschutz
    Abstract: This innovative book combines results from research conducted in Colombia about how communications services consumers make consumption choices with OECD expertise in regulatory policy, behavioural economics, and data analytics, in order to help improve the consumer protection regime in Colombia. It focuses on the types of incentives that should be provided to change both provider and user behaviour, and considers where appropriate regulatory interventions may be needed to ensure that these incentives are realised. This work supports the Communications Regulator of Colombia in redesigning its consumer protection regime. This effort has refocused the regulatory framework from “protecting rights” towards making the market function best; this involves encouraging the providers to improve the quality of their services and rates offered in the market and to foster a better understanding of what is being offered and how. The book also makes specific recommendations on possible follow-up experiments to test some of the possible solutions to help communications services consumers better understand the information provided by service operators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255463-en
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    Slovak Republic: Better Co-ordination for Better Policies, Services and Results : (Slovak version) (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264257627
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Slovak Republic; Better Co-ordination for Better Policies, Services and Results
    Keywords: Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This review analyses public governance in the Slovak Republic and provides recommendations to support ongoing comprehensive public administration reform. The analysis is structured around five key areas: the centre of government’s capacity to steer and lead policy development and implementation; analytical and evaluation capacities; human resources management and civil service; e-government; transparency and integrity in the public administration. The review identifies two main themes running through these five areas: The first is the need for more effective whole-of-government co-ordination of strategy-setting and implementation, led by the centre of government. The second is the need to generate and use evidence more effectively when making decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264257627-sk
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  • 52
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    The Governance of Inclusive Growth (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264257993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of inclusive growth
    Keywords: Wachstumspolitik ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Bericht ; OECD ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Public governance can make a broad-based contribution to sound, sustainable and inclusive growth. Aligning public governance tools and processes with the broader objectives of policy making for inclusive growth can help governments deal with the complexities that go hand-in-hand with reconciling growth and inclusiveness. These complexities include setting out a vision, ensuring that policies complement each other and that different parts of government work together towards common goals, and engaging stakeholders to improve effectiveness, delivery and inclusion. After describing the OECD approach to inclusive growth, the report discusses which public governance principles, tools and arrangements can be used, and when, to enable a whole-of-government shift towards inclusive growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264257993-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264243637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: Despite the difficult economic climate, Portugal has continued to develop and reform its energy policies since the previous International Energy Agency (IEA) in-depth review in 2009. These changes have resulted in greater economic activity in the energy sector, increased renewable energy deployment, further market liberalisation and greater emphasis on energy efficiency in policy making. A new strategy emphasising renewable energy and energy efficiency has focused efforts on meeting national and European energy policy objectives, as Portugal seeks also to lower investment costs and greater national competitiveness. The new strategy includes proposals to reinforce interconnections with transnational European electricity and natural gas networks, and measures to promote economic and environmental sustainability. The strategy should accommodate regular independent reviews and monitoring tools to examine implementation of energy policy to ensure that it remains relevant and cost-effective. Following the economic crisis, Portugal was left with a substantial tariff deficit as retail electricity tariffs were set below costs, including subsidies to renewables. Portugal’s plan to address the tariff deficit was the outcome of a negotiation process with industry stakeholders. Eliminating the tariff debt by 2020 is a significant challenge. The government must ensure swift implementation of all reform proposals and continue its efforts to identify further potential cost-saving measures in the energy sector. This review analyses the energy policy challenges facing Portugal and provides recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to help guide the country towards a more secure and sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264243637-en
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  • 54
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    Impedir la exclusión fraudulenta del estatus de establecimiento permanente, Acción 7 - Informe final 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264257757
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: Proyecto de la OCDE y del G-20 sobre la Erosión de la Base Imponible y el Traslado de Beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status, Action 7 - 2015 Final Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Empêcher les mesures visant à éviter artificiellement le statut d'établissement stable, Action 7 - Rapport final 2015
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: El trabajo incardinado en esta acción acomete cambios en la definición del concepto de «establecimiento permanente» recogida en el Modelo de Convenio OCDE de cara a evitar la articulación de ciertas estrategias con fines elusivos y, más concretamente, para evitar tener una presencia fiscalmente imponible en un determinado país en virtud de las disposiciones de los convenios fiscales. Estos cambios servirán para garantizar que, cuando las actividades que realiza un intermediario en un país tengan como finalidad la celebración habitual de contratos que generan obligaciones que ha de cumplir una empresa extranjera, habrá que considerar que esta empresa tiene una presencia fiscalmente imponible en ese país, a menos que el intermediario realice esas actividades en el marco de una actividad independiente. Asimismo, dichos cambios limitarán, por un lado, la aplicación de determinadas excepciones a la definición de EP a las actividades que tengan un carácter preparatorio o auxiliar e impedirán poder acogerse a las excepciones al estatus de EP fragmentando un negocio en funcionamiento y cohesionado en varias operaciones pequeñas y, por otro lado, abordarán todas aquellas situaciones en las que se elude la excepción aplicable a obras o proyectos de construcción o instalación mediante el fraccionamiento de contratos entre empresas estrechamente vinculadas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264257757-es
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    Radiological Protection Science and Application (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264256880
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Since the discovery of radiation at the end of the 19th century, the health effects of exposure to radiation have been studied more than almost any other factor with potential effects on human health. The NEA has long been involved in discussions on the effects of radiation exposure, releasing two reports in 1994 and 2007 on radiological protection science. This report is the third in this state-of-the-art series, examining recent advances in the understanding of radiation risks and effects, particularly at low doses. It focuses on radiobiology and epidemiology, and also addresses the social science aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. The report summarises the status of, and issues arising from, the application of the International System of Radiological Protection to different types of prevailing circumstances.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264256880-en
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    Fomentando un Crecimiento Inclusivo de la Productividad en América Latina (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258419
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Productivity for Inclusive Growth in Latin America
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fomentando o Crescimento Inclusivo da Productividade na América Latina
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Tras un período de crecimiento relativamente sólido, que permitió a decenas de millones de hogares pobres incorporarse a la clase media, el crecimiento en América Latina se ha desacelerado, en parte como resultado de factores externos. Para cerrar las brechas —aún amplias— respecto de los niveles de vida de las economías avanzadas, la región necesita elevar de forma significativa el crecimiento de la productividad y asegurarse que nadie quede excluido de sus beneficios. Esto exigirá reformas estructurales integrales, apoyadas en un marco de políticas que fomente la productividad e incorpore consideraciones de inclusión social desde el inicio.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258419-es
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  • 57
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    Tous égaux face aux équations ? : Rendre les mathématiques accessibles à tous - Principaux résultats (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264259294
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Equations and Inequalities; Making Mathematics Accessible to All
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Plus que jamais, les élèves doivent appréhender des concepts mathématiques, mener des raisonnements quantitatifs et analytiques, et communiquer à l’aide des mathématiques. Toutes ces compétences jouent un rôle central dans la capacité des jeunes à faire face aux problèmes qu’ils pourront rencontrer dans leur vie professionnelle ou privée une fois leur scolarité terminée. Néanmoins, la réalité est tout autre. Nombreux sont les élèves qui ne se sont pas familiarisés avec les concepts fondamentaux de mathématiques. Et trop d’élèves ne s’exercent à l’école qu’à des tâches routinières ne leur permettant pas d’améliorer leur capacité à raisonner de façon quantitative et à résoudre des problèmes complexes de la vie réelle. Comment inverser cette tendance ? Selon ce nouveau rapport, fondé sur les résultats de l’enquête PISA 2012, une solution consisterait à garantir l’acquisition des concepts fondamentaux de mathématiques par tous les élèves et leur exposition en classe à des problèmes complexes de mathématiques. Une part importante des écarts de performance observés dans les épreuves PISA entre les élèves issus de milieux socio-économiques favorisés et leurs pairs issus de milieux défavorisés peut s’expliquer par des différences de familiarité avec les concepts mathématiques. L’élargissement de l’accès aux contenus mathématiques pourrait permettre de relever les niveaux moyens de réussite et, par là même, de réduire les inégalités dans l’éducation et la société dans son ensemble. Cette synthèse en français résume les principaux résultats du rapport thématique PISA Equations and Inequalities: Making Mathematics Accessible to All afin de faciliter leur diffusion auprès du grand public francophone.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264259294-fr
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    Fomentando o Crescimento Inclusivo da Productividade na América Latina (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258426
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Productivity for Inclusive Growth in Latin America
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fomentando un Crecimiento Inclusivo de la Productividad en América Latina
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Após um período de crescimento relativamente robusto, que permitiu que dezenas de milhões de famílias mais pobres se juntassem à classe média global, o crescimento da América Latina diminuiu recentemente, em parte como resultado de fatores externos. Para diminuir as grandes lacunas de padrões de vida em relação às economias avançadas, a região precisa aumentar significativamente o crescimento da produtividade, garantindo que os benefícios advindos alcancem a todos. Isso exigirá reformas estruturais abrangentes, apoiadas por um arcabouço de políticas públicas voltado à produtividade, que incorpore, desde o início, considerações sobre a inclusão social.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258426-pt
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  • 59
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    Strategic Considerations for the Sustainable Remediation of Nuclear Installations (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264261983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (113 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear sites around the world are being decommissioned and remedial actions are being undertaken to enable sites, or parts of sites, to be reused. Although such activities are relatively straightforward for most sites, experience has suggested that preventative action is needed to minimise the impact of remediation activities on the environment and the potential burden to future generations. Removing all contamination in order to make a site suitable for any use generates waste and has associated environmental, social and economic drawbacks and benefits. Site remediation should thus be sustainable and result in an overall net benefit. This report draws on recent experience of NEA member countries in nuclear site remediation during decommissioning in order to identify strategic considerations for the sustainable remediation of subsurface contamination – predominantly contaminated soil and groundwater – to describe good practice, and to make recommendations for further research and development. It provides insights for the decision makers, regulators, implementers and stakeholders involved in nuclear site decommissioning so as to ensure the sustainable remediation of nuclear sites, now and in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264261983-en
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  • 60
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    Promoting Well-being and Inclusiveness in Sweden (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264259980
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden has a remarkable track record in sustaining a high level of well-being of its citizens. The country performs above the OECD average in all dimensions of the OECD’s Better Life Index, and these good outcomes are typically shared widely across the population. Sweden is one of the leading countries in receiving refugees and a strong supporter of ambitious global goals to fight climate change and implement the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. However, for this success story to continue, the country needs to reverse the declining educational performance of its youth, speed up labour market integration of newly arrived immigrants and address infrastructure deficiencies, particularly in the housing sector. Also, Sweden’s high ambitions with respect to environmental protection call for further policy action to advance the transition to a low carbon and circular economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264259980-en
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    BEPS Project Explanatory Statement : 2015 Final Reports (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet BEPS - Exposé des actions 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. BEPS-Projekt Erläuterung; Abschlussberichte 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proyecto BEPS - Nota explicativa ; Informes Finales 2015
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Addressing base erosion and profit shifting is a key priority of governments around the globe. In 2013, OECD and G20 countries, working together on an equal footing, adopted a 15-point Action Plan to address BEPS. Beyond securing revenues by realigning taxation with economic activities and value creation, the OECD/G20 BEPS Project aims to create a single set of consensus-based international tax rules to address BEPS, and hence to protect tax bases while offering increased certainty and predictability to taxpayers. A key focus of this work is to eliminate double non-taxation. However in doing so, new rules should not result in double taxation, unwarranted compliance burdens or restrictions to legitimate cross-border activity. This Explanatory Statement offers an overview of the BEPS Project and outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263437-en
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    BEPS-Projekt Erläuterung : Abschlussberichte 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263703
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Projekt Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. BEPS Project Explanatory Statement; 2015 Final Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet BEPS - Exposé des actions 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proyecto BEPS - Nota explicativa ; Informes Finales 2015
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Die Auseinandersetzung mit Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting – BEPS) ist für Staaten weltweit ein zentrales Anliegen. 2013 verabschiedeten die OECD- und G20-Länder in gleichberechtigter Zusammenarbeit einen 15-Punkte-Aktionsplan zur Bekämpfung von Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung. Neben der Sicherung der Steuereinnahmen durch Ausrichtung der Besteuerung an Wirtschaftstätigkeit und Wertschöpfung besteht das Ziel des BEPS-Projekts von OECD und G20 darin, einen einheitlichen, konsensbasierten Katalog internationaler Steuerregeln zur Bekämpfung von Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung zu schaffen, um so die Steuerbasis zu schützen und dabei zugleich die Planungssicherheit und Berechenbarkeit für die Steuerpflichtigen zu erhöhen. Ein Kernelement dieser Arbeiten ist die Beseitigung von doppelter Nichtbesteuerung. Die dazu geschaffenen neuen Regeln dürfen allerdings nicht zu Doppelbesteuerung, unangemessenen Befolgungskosten oder Beschränkungen rechtmäßiger grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeiten führen. Diese Erläuterung bietet einen Überblick über das BEPS-Projekt und die Projektergebnisse.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263703-de
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    Test No. 458: Stably Transfected Human Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activation Assay for Detection of Androgenic Agonist and Antagonist Activity of Chemicals (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264366
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 458; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur des androgènes humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité androgénique agoniste et antagoniste des produits chimiques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay providing the methodology of Stably Transfected Transactivation to detect Androgen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (AR STTA assays). The TA assay using a reporter gene technique is an in vitro tool that provides mechanistic data. The assay is used to establish signal activation or blocking of the androgen receptor caused by a ligand. Some chemicals may, in a cell type-dependent manner, display both agonist and antagonist activity and are known as selective androgen receptor modulators. Following the ligand binding, the receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus where it binds specific DNA response elements and transactivates a firefly luciferase reporter gene, resulting in an increased cellular expression of the luciferase enzyme. Luciferin is a substrate that is transformed by the luciferase enzyme to a bioluminescence product that can be quantitatively measured with a luminometer. Luciferase activity can be evaluated quickly and inexpensively with a number of commercially available test kits. The test system provided in this Test Guideline utilises the AR-EcoScreenTM cell line.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264366-en
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    Environmental Lending in EU Eastern Partnership Countries (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental lending in EU Eastern Partnership countries
    Keywords: Umweltschutzinvestition ; Finanzierung ; Entwicklungsbank ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Belarus ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Ukraine ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Bericht ; Europäische Union ; Umweltschutz ; Auslandsinvestition ; Osteuropa
    Abstract: This report presents an overview of existing environmental credit lines in the EU’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), which are mostly supported by International Finance Institutions and donors and disbursed by local commercial banks. Lessons learned from this type of credit-line implementation provide useful insights for spurring the banking sector into financing green investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252189-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Albania 2016 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Albania 2016
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Albanien ; Taxation ; Albania
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Albania. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 130 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258730-en
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    Examen multidimensionnel de la Côte d'Ivoire : Volume 3. De l'analyse à l'action (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258082 , 9789264085855 , 9789264255883
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of Côte d'Ivoire: Volume 3. From Analysis to Action
    Keywords: Development ; Cote d'Ivoire
    Abstract: L'Examen multidimensionnel de la Côte d'Ivoire vise à soutenir l'élaboration d'une stratégie de développement pour l'émergence de la Côte d'Ivoire en 2020. Le rapport propose que les efforts des autorités ivoiriennes se concentrent sur la diversification de l’économie vers une structure plus industrialisée et moderne, tout en soutenant la compétitivité de l'économie. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il faut améliorer et développer le réseau d'infrastructures sur l'ensemble du territoire, favoriser le financement du secteur privé et notamment des PME, et rehausser le niveau d'éducation. Il faut également un système fiscal qui génère moins de distorsions et davantage de recettes pour financer les besoins croissants du pays. Ce rapport présente des recommandations détaillées pour chaque thématique visant à lever les freins à l'émergence. La bonne mise en œuvre des réformes nécessitera une administration publique plus efficace pour promouvoir les projets prioritaires, impulser plus de changements et s'assurer de l'opérationnalisation des actions. Le rapport propose également un tableau de bord qui retrace les progrès réalisés et constitue une base d'évaluation des changements devant conduire à l'émergence en 2020.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255883-fr
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    Recruiting Immigrant Workers: Europe 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264257290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration ; Europa
    Abstract: The OECD series Recruiting Immigrant Workers comprises country studies of labour migration policies. Each volume analyses whether migration policy is being used effectively and efficiently to help meet labour needs, without adverse effects on labour markets. It focuses mainly on regulated labour migration movements over which policy has immediate and direct oversight. This particular volume looks at the efficiency of European Union instruments for managing labour migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264257290-en
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    Recruiting Immigrant Workers: The Netherlands 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264259249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Bericht ; Borowski, Birgit Niederlande ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: The Dutch labour migration system has undergone substantive changes in recent years. To induce a transition to more high-skilled migration, a programme based on salary thresholds has grown in volume while a programme based on work permits after a labour market test has shrunk. New programmes target international graduates either of Dutch educational institutions or of selected institutions abroad. Changes to immigration procedures have shifted responsibility to migrants' employers and have greatly reduced processing times. This review first examines the composition of labour migration to the Netherlands, in the context of present and expected demand in the Dutch labour market. Following a discussion of various programmes and procedures, the review assesses how labour migration contributes to the strategic development of sectors and to employment in regions. It then explores the determinants for the retention of high-skilled migrants and for the integration of international graduates into the Dutch labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264259249-en
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    Progress in Chile's Supreme Audit Institution : Reforms, Outreach and Impact (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264250635
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Avances en la Entidad Fiscalizadora Superior de Chile : Reformas, Alcance e Impacto
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Progress in Chile's Supreme Audit Institution
    Keywords: Rechnungshof ; Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: This report is a progress review on the implementation of key OECD recommendations made in the 2014 Public Governance Review of the Office of the Comptroller General of Chile (the CGR). It takes stock of the CGR’s recent activities in key areas – stakeholder engagement, support to internal control and rebalancing its audit portfolio – and assesses their impact based on consultation with CGR officials and external stakeholders of the Chilean executive, legislature and civil society.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264250635-en
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    Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : Rapport d'examen par les pairs : Mauritanie 2016 : Phase 2: mise en œuvre pratique des normes (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264250833
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Mauritania 2016: Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice
    Keywords: Taxation ; Mauritania
    Abstract: Ce rapport contient l’examen de « Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes » ainsi que la version révisée de la « Phase 1 : évaluation de la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire » déjà publiée pour la Mauritanie. Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est l’enceinte multilatérale au sein de laquelle le travail en matière de transparence fiscale et d’échange de renseignements est mené par plus de 130 juridictions participant, sur un pied d’égalité, aux travaux du Forum mondial. Le Forum mondial est chargé de la surveillance approfondie et de l’examen par les pairs de la mise en œuvre des standards en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Ces standards sont essentiellement reflétés dans le Modèle d’accord d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale et ses commentaires publiés en 2002 par l’OCDE et dans l’article 26 du Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE et ses commentaires, tels que mis à jour en 2004. Ces standards ont aussi été repris dans le Modèle de convention fiscale des Nations Unies. Les standards prévoient l’échange de renseignements sur demande des informations vraisemblablement pertinentes pour l’administration et l’application de la législation fiscale interne de la partie requérante. La pêche aux renseignements n’est pas autorisée mais tous les renseignements vraisemblablement pertinents doivent être fournis, y compris les renseignements bancaires et les renseignements détenus par des agents fiduciaires, sans tenir compte de l’existence d’un intérêt fiscal national. Tous les membres du Forum mondial, ainsi que les juridictions identifiées par le Forum mondial comme pertinentes pour ses travaux, seront examinés. Ce processus est réalisé en deux phases. L’examen de phase 1 évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements alors que l’examen de phase 2 se concentre sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce cadre. Certains membres du Forum mondial font l’objet d’un examen combiné – phase 1 et phase 2. Le but final vise à aider les juridictions à mettre effectivement en œuvre les standards internationaux en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Tous les rapports d’examen, sont publiés une fois adoptés par le Forum mondial et doivent donc être considérés comme des rapports approuvés du Forum mondial.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264250833-fr
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    PISA 2015 Results (Volume I) : Excellence and Equity in Education (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (492 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PISA 2015 Ergebnisse (Band I): Exzellenz und Chancengerechtigkeit in der Bildung
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Résultats du PISA 2015 (Volume I) : L'excellence et l'équité dans l'éducation
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines not just what students know in science, reading and mathematics, but what they can do with what they know. Results from PISA show educators and policy makers the quality and equity of learning outcomes achieved elsewhere, and allow them to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and Equity in Education, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It summarises student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and defines and measures equity in education. It focuses on students’ attitudes towards learning science, including their expectations of working in science-related careers. The volume also discusses how performance and equity have evolved across PISA-participating countries and economies over recent years.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266490-en
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  • 72
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Luxembourg 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264232297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation policy of Luxembourg. It is the second such OECD review of Luxembourg's innovation system, following an earlier review published in 2007. Since that time, the system has undergone profound change, notably a rapid expansion in the scale and scope of public sector research, which offers new opportunities for Luxembourg, but also new challenges for innovation policy. The review focuses on the role of government and includes concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264232297-en
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  • 73
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    PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework : Science, Reading, Mathematic and Financial Literacy (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cadre d'évaluation et d'analyse de l'enquête PISA 2015 : Compétences en sciences, en compréhension de l'écrit, en mathématiques et en matières financières
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2015 assessment and analytical framework
    Keywords: Education ; PISA-Studie ; Schulleistung ; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht ; Mathematikunterricht ; Lesekompetenz
    Abstract: “What is important for citizens to know and be able to do?” The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seeks to answer that question through the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student knowledge and skills. The PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework presents the conceptual foundations of the sixth cycle of the triennial assessment. Similar to the previous cycles, the 2015 assessment covers science, reading and mathematics, with the major focus on scientific literacy this cycle. Financial literacy is also evaluated as an optional assessment, as it was in 2012.A questionnaire about students’ background is distributed to all participating students. Students may also choose to complete additional questionnaires: one about their future studies and career, a second about their familiarity with information and communication technologies. School principals complete a questionnaire about the learning environment in their schools, and parents of students who sit the PISA test can choose to complete a questionnaire about the home environment. Seventy-one countries and economies, including all 34 OECD countries, participated in the PISA 2015 assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255425-en
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  • 74
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    Mejorando la Contratación Pública en el ISSSTE para Obtener Mejores Resultados (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264250055
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving ISSSTE's Public Procurement for Better Results
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Los países de la OCDE están intensificando sus esfuerzos de conseguir ahorros a través de sus sistemas de contratación pública, en particular en el sector de salud. En 2012, el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicos Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado en México (ISSSTE) pidió que la OCDE revisara la efectividad e integridad de su sistema de contratación pública y apoyara al ISSSTE para combatir la colusión entre proveedores. Varias recomendaciones de la OCDE condujeron a implementar reformas contínuas en el ISSSTE. En 2015, la OCDE llevó a cabo un nuevo estudio, enfocado en los procesos de planeación y coordinación de contrataciones, estudios de mercado y mejoras en servicos médicos integrales. Este informe presenta las conclusiones del estudio y los logros recientes del ISSSTE. También recomienda acciones para apoyar la harmonización de los procesos de contratación en el ISSSTE con la Recomendación del Consejo sobre Contratación Pública de 2015 e incluye planes de acción para actividades prioritarias.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264250055-es
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  • 75
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    Improving Corporate Governance in Indonesia : Policy Options and Regulatory Strategies for Tackling Backdoor Listings (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264243972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving corporate governance in Indonesia
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Regulierung ; Indonesien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Indonesia
    Abstract: Costly and lengthy regulatory barriers, accompanied by sluggish markets, have long been reasons for companies and their shareholders to look for alternatives to Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). A popular alternative has often been to pursue backdoor listing – often accomplished through a reverse merger, exchange offer, or rights offer, for instance. Because backdoor listings are often not under the strict oversight of listing rules and regulations, it is argued that they are prone to fraud and abuse. This report provides four regulatory strategies for consideration by policy makers in Indonesia, in order to support their efforts to improve listing and corporate governance standards.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264243972-en
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  • 76
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    Proyecto BEPS - Nota explicativa : Informes Finales 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263567
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Proyecto de la OCDE y del G-20 sobre la Erosión de la Base Imponible y el Traslado de Beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe BEPS-Projekt Erläuterung: Abschlussberichte 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Projet BEPS - Exposé des actions 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe BEPS Project Explanatory Statement: 2015 Final Reports
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: La lucha contra la erosión de bases y el traslado de beneficios se ha convertido en una prioridad para gobiernos de todo el mundo. Los países de la OCDE y del G20, trabajando juntos en igualdad de condiciones, adoptaron en 2013 un Plan de Acción de 15 puntos para abordar BEPS. Más allá de garantizar la recaudación alineando la potestad tributaria con la actividad económica y la creación de valor, el Proyecto OCDE/G20 BEPS busca producir un paquete consensuado de normas de fiscalidad internacional capaces de abordar BEPS y de proteger las bases imponibles, ofreciendo al mismo tiempo previsibilidad y seguridad jurídica a los contribuyentes. Uno de los objetivos claves del proyecto es evitar la doble no imposición. No obstante, las normas deberían ser capaces de alcanzar dicho objetivo sin generar doble imposición, cargas de cumplimiento injustificadas o restricciones a actividades transfronterizas legítimas. Esta nota explicativa ofrece una visión general del proyecto BEPS y de sus resultados.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263567-es
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  • 77
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Saudi Arabia 2016 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264250895
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Saudi Arabia 2016
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Saudi-Arabien ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Saudi Arabia. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 130 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264250895-en
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    Urbanisation Dynamics in West Africa 1950–2010 : Africapolis I, 2015 Update (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252233
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'urbanisation des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest 1950–2010 : Africapolis I, mise à jour 2015
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moriconi-Ebrard, François Urbanisation dynamics in West Africa 1950-2010
    Keywords: Urbanisierung ; Westafrika ; Development ; Westafrika ; Verstädterung ; Geschichte 1950-2000
    Abstract: Since 1950, the number of urban agglomerations in West Africa increased from 152 to almost 2 000, and today towns and cities are home to 41% of the region’s total population. Cities and their inhabitants are increasingly shaping West Africa’s economic, political and social landscape. Yet there is little up-to-date data available for analysis and the formulation of development policy at the local, national and regional levels. Africapolis, a comprehensive and homogenous dataset on urbanisation, is a significant step towards closing this data gap. The 2015 update covers 17 West African countries spanning the period 1950 to 2010. Its original methodology combines demographic sources, satellite and aerial imagery to provide population estimates and geolocation at the level of individual agglomerations. The morphological approach adopted by Africapolis helps identify territorial transformation processes which are at the core of West Africa’s complex urbanisation dynamics and can be observed at several levels: metropolises, secondary cities, the merging of villages and the formation of conurbations. The identification of cities with fewer than 100 000 inhabitants is a major contribution of Africapolis – 90% of West Africa’s cities, or a combined population of 45 million people, fall into this category – a figure which underscores the important role of small cities within the urban system. This edition also includes new measurements of urbanisation in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, constituting the most complete dataset on urbanisation dynamics in this country to date.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252233-en
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay : Volume 2. In-depth Analysis and Recommendations (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264251663 , 9789264252882 , 9789264085602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Uruguay ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Development ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This series helps countries to identify and overcome binding constraints to achieving higher levels of well-being and more equitable and sustainable growth. The Development Pathways are based on Multi-dimensional Country Reviews, which take into account policy interactions and the country-specific policy environment through three phases. The first phase comprises an initial assessment of the constraints to development. The second phase involves an in-depth analysis of the main issues resulting in detailed policy recommendations. The third phase is designed to move from paper to action and to support government efforts in developing strategies and implementing policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264251663-en
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  • 80
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    Start-up Latin America 2016 : Building an Innovative Future (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264265660
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Startup América Latina 2016 : Construyendo un futuro innovador
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Start-up Latin America 2016
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Lateinamerika ; Chile ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Peru ; Development
    Abstract: Start-ups are gaining momentum in Latin America. Start-up Latin America 2016: Building an innovative future reviews the dynamics of start-ups and the policies for start-up promotion in four countries in the region – Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The report reviews the policy mix for start-up promotion and highlights the progress made by each country and future challenges. It identifies good practices in promoting start-ups and lessons learned in Latin America in the design and implementation of policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264265660-en
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    Governing Education in a Complex World (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264255364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Governing education in a complex world
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Schulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungspolitik ; Schulpolitik
    Abstract: What models of governance are effective in complex education systems? In all systems an increasing number of stakeholders are involved in designing, delivering and monitoring education. Like our societies, education systems are increasingly diverse regarding students, teachers and communities, as well as the values and identities we expect education to deliver. These trends have increased the complexity of education systems, leaving decision makers on all governance levels with the question of how to successfully manoeuvre in this highly dynamic policy area. Governing Education in a Complex World addresses key challenges involved in governing modern education systems, looking specifically at complexity, accountability, capacity building and strategic thinking. The publication brings together research from the OECD Secretariat and invited chapters from international scholars to provide a state of the art analysis and a fresh perspective on some of the most challenging issues facing educational systems today. Creating the open, dynamic and strategic governance systems necessary for governing complex systems is not easy. This volume challenges our traditional concepts of education governance through work on complexity, collaborative networks and decision-making. In doing so it sets the agenda for thinking about the inclusive and adaptable systems necessary for governing education in today’s world. The volume will be a useful resource for those interested in education governance and complexity, particularly policy-makers, education leaders, teachers and the education research community.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255364-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Senegal 2016 : Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : Rapport d'examen par les pairs : Sénégal 2016 : Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Senegal 2016
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Senegal ; Taxation ; Senegal
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Senegal. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 130 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258853-en
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    Green Growth in Hai Phong, Viet Nam (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264260207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth in Hai Phong, Viet Nam
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Haiphong ; Vietnam ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Viet Nam ; Vietnam ; Haiphong ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Naturschutz
    Abstract: This report examines the green growth potential and identifies best practices for policy and governance as well as ways to strengthen current practices. As the third largest city in Vietnam, Hai Phong’s economy is growing remarkably at an average rate of 8.7% (2015) in tandem with the growth of the Hai Phong Port. Economic growth and urbanisation, however, have posed serious environmental challenges, including: increased greenhouse gas emissions from industry and transport; rapid depletion of underground water sources; pollution of water sources from untreated commercial, medical, domestic and agricultural waste water; and inefficient waste management, where less than 10% of domestic waste is composted and recyclable materials are mixed with other waste and landfilled. Furthermore, Hai Phong ranks among the 20 cities most vulnerable to costal flooding due to climate change. Nevertheless, there is much untapped potential for green growth in Viet Nam and Hai Phong city. The ultimate goal is to build a stronger, more resilient and greener city.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264260207-en
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    OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Colombia 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264244825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of labour market and social policies
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Kolumbien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264244825-en
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    Pratiques de gestion des exploitations agricoles favorisant la croissance verte (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252721
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Farm Management Practices to Foster Green Growth
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport examine les pratiques de gestion des exploitations propices à la croissance verte, aussi bien les innovations menées par les agriculteurs (comme celles qui sont liées aux sols et à l’eau, la lutte intégrée contre les ennemis des cultures, l’agriculture biologique) que les technologies axées sur la science (comme les biotechnologies et l’agriculture de précision). La demande alimentaire mondiale pourra être satisfaite de façon durable uniquement si de nouvelles formes de production agricole et des technologies innovatrices peuvent être découvertes pour augmenter la productivité, la stabilité et la résilience des systèmes de production en ayant non seulement pour objectif d’augmenter les rendements mais aussi d’économiser l’eau et l’énergie, réduire les risques, améliorer la qualité des produits, protéger l’environnement et atténuer le changement climatique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252721-fr
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    Getting Skills Right: Sweden (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264265479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: The costs of a persistent misalignment between the supply and demand for skills are substantial, ranging from lost wages for workers to lower productivity for firms and countries. Addressing skills imbalances has become even more of a concern as OECD governments reflect on the implications of technological progress, digitisation, demographic change and globalisation for jobs and work organisation. In light of these challenges, OECD has undertaken new research to shed light on how countries measure changing skill needs while ensuring that employment, training and migration institutions are responsive to the emergence of new skill requirements. The Getting Skills Right in Sweden review offers an in-depth analysis of the key areas where policy action is required to spur the development of an efficient system for skills assessment and anticipation to inform policy in the country. The report provides an assessment of practices in the following areas: i) the collection of information on existing and future skill needs; ii) the use of skill needs information to guide policy development in the areas of labour, education and migration; and iii) the existence of effective governance arrangements to ensure good co-ordination among the key stakeholders in the collection and use of skill needs information.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264265479-en
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  • 87
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    Debate the Issues: New Approaches to Economic Challenges (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294486 , 9789264264687 , 9789264264700
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Débattre des enjeux : les nouvelles approches face aux défis économiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Debate the issues
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Prognose ; Politik ; Welt ; Economics ; Bericht ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Weltwirtschaft
    Abstract: To capitalise on the new international resolve epitomised by COP21 and the agreement on the universal Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires a renewed effort to promote new policy thinking and new approaches to the great challenges ahead. Responding to new challenges means we have to adopt more ambitious frameworks, design more effective tools, and propose more precise policies that will take account of the complex and multidimensional nature of the challenges. The goal is to develop a better sense of how economies really work and to articulate strategies which reflect this understanding. The OECD’s New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) exercise challenges our assumptions and our understanding about the workings of the economy. This collection from OECD Insights summarises opinions from inside and outside the Organisation on how NAEC can contribute to achieving the SDGs, and describes how the OECD is placing its statistical, monitoring and analytical capacities at the service of the international community. The authors also consider the transformation of the world economy that will be needed and the long-term “tectonic shifts” that are affecting people, the planet, global productivity, and institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264687-en
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  • 88
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    The Survey of Adult Skills : Reader's Companion, Second Edition (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Erwachsener ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills is growing substantially. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments. The Survey of Adult Skills: Reader’s Companion, Second Edition describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. It is a companion volume to Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills. Skills Matter reports results from the 24 countries and regions that participated in the first round of the survey in 2011-12 (first published in OECD Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills) and from the nine additional countries that participated in the second round in 2014-15 (Chile, Greece, Indonesia [Jakarta], Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia and Turkey).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258075-en
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  • 89
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    Renforcer l'intégrité du secteur public au Maroc (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264253612
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Maroc est en train de réformer son cadre légal, politique et institutionnel de lutte contre la corruption et de bonne gouvernance. Cette revue fonctionnelle analyse deux institutions marocaines, l’Instance centrale de prévention de la corruption (ICPC) et l'Institution du Médiateur du Royaume (IMR), dont les mandats respectifs ont été modifiés par la nouvelle Constitution de 2011 afin de renforcer leur rôle dans le système de l’intégrité du pays. Elle examine les cadres législatifs, institutionnels et politiques des institutions, et propose des recommandations afin de permettre à l’ICPC (qui deviendra la nouvelle Instance nationale de la probité, de la prévention et de la lutte contre la corruption) d’assumer le plus efficacement possible son rôle. Ainsi, elle vise à permettre à l’ICPC de jouir pleinement de ses nouvelles prérogatives s’agissant de répression de la corruption. La revue permet également à ce que l’IMR, qui gère les plaintes des citoyens en rapports avec l’administration publique, puisse agir du mieux possible en vue d’altérer positivement les malversations au sein du secteur public. Le rapport analyse la place de ces deux institutions dans le cadre global de gouvernance au Maroc. Il propose des réformes pour améliorer la coopération entre les institutions publiques ainsi qu’avec les acteurs de la société civile dans l’intérêt de la population civile marocaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264253612-fr
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  • 90
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    Open Government in Tunisia (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264227118
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Tunisia
    Keywords: E-Government ; Good Governance ; Tunesien ; Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: The Open Government Review of Tunisia is the first of its kind analysing a country’s open government policies and practices and their institutional and legal frameworks for implementation against OECD instruments. The analysis focuses on how public sector’s openness, transparency and accountability can be enhanced and therefore promote trust in government, in assessing : coherence and coordination of open government policies; citizens’ participation in policymaking; public financial management; integrity and anti-corruption initiatives; and the role of Information and Communication Technologies and Social Media. It also includes case studies of open government and local development. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance, the Review provides Tunisian policymakers, public sector officials and civil society activists with practical indications on how to improve and successfully implement their national open government agenda. In addition, the Review contains a list of recommendations that have been included in Tunisia’s first Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264227118-en
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  • 91
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    L' urbanisation des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest 1950–2010 : Africapolis I, mise à jour 2015 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264252257
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Urbanisation Dynamics in West Africa 1950–2010: Africapolis I, 2015 Update
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Depuis 1950, le nombre d'agglomérations urbaines en Afrique de l'Ouest est passé de 152 à près de 2 000. Elles abritent aujourd'hui 41 % de la population totale de la région. Les villes et leurs habitants façonnent de plus en plus le paysage économique, politique et social de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Cependant, peu de données à jour harmonisées sont disponibles pour l’analyse et la formulation des politiques de développement aux niveaux local, national et régional. Africapolis, base de données cohérente et homogène sur l'urbanisation, vise à combler ce manque. La mise à jour 2015 porte sur 17 pays ouest-africains sur la période 1950-2010. L’apport méthodologique original est de combiner sources démographiques et images satellitaires et aériennes pour fournir des estimations de population et une géolocalisation de chacune des agglomérations urbaines. L’approche morphologique adoptée permet une meilleure compréhension des processus de transformation territoriale au cœur des dynamiques complexes d’urbanisation en Afrique de l’Ouest. Ces processus peuvent être observés à plusieurs échelles : métropoles, villes secondaires, coalescence de villages et conurbations. L'identification des villes de moins de 100 000 habitants est une contribution majeure d’Africapolis. Elle révèle que celles-ci représentent 90 % des villes ouest-africaines, soit une population totale de 45 millions de personnes – un chiffre qui souligne la place importante que les petites villes occupent dans le système urbain. Cette édition donne également de nouvelles estimations de l'urbanisation au Nigéria, pays le plus peuplé d'Afrique, constituant ainsi la base de données la plus complète sur les dynamiques d'urbanisation dans ce pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264252257-fr
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  • 92
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    OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Mexico (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264245938
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la OCDE sobre los sistemas de pensiones: México 2015
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of pensions systems: Mexico
    Keywords: Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Rentenpolitik ; Mexiko ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Rentenpolitik
    Abstract: This review assesses the Mexican pension system according to the OECD best practices and guidelines, and draws on international experiences and examples to make recommendations on how to improve it. It provides an international perspective on Mexico’s retirement income provision and a short and focused review of the Mexican pension system. The review covers all components of the pension system: public and private pension provision for public and private-sector workers. It provides recommendations, using OECD’s best practices in pension design, on how to improve the Mexican pension system and thus ameliorate the retirement income that people may receive from the pension system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264245938-en
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  • 93
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    Stakeholder involvement in decision making : A short guide to issues, approaches and resources (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264396555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste management is embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk management, energy, health policy and sustainability. In all these fields, there is an increasing demand for public involvement and engagement. This 2015 update of Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, assists practitioners and non-specialists by outlining the steps and issues associated with stakeholder involvement in decision making and by facilitating access to useful online resources (handbooks, toolboxes and case studies). The updated guide has been considerably enriched with experiences since 2004 and includes extensive references to the literature. It is published alongside the release of an online annotated bibliography that will be updated regularly.
    DOI: 10.1787/791983ee-en
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  • 94
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Czech Republic 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Tschechien ; Development ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264939-en
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  • 95
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    Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : Rapport d'examen par les pairs : Cameroun 2016 : Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258914
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Cameroon 2016: Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice
    Keywords: Taxation ; Cameroon
    Abstract: Ce rapport contient l’examen de « Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes » ainsi que la version révisée de la « Phase 1 : évaluation de la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire » déjà publiée pour le Cameroun. Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est l’enceinte multilatérale au sein de laquelle le travail en matière de transparence fiscale et d’échange de renseignements est mené par plus de 130 juridictions participant, sur un pied d’égalité, aux travaux du Forum mondial. Le Forum mondial est chargé de la surveillance approfondie et de l’examen par les pairs de la mise en œuvre des standards en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Ces standards sont essentiellement reflétés dans le Modèle d’accord d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale et ses commentaires publiés en 2002 par l’OCDE et dans l’article 26 du Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE et ses commentaires, tels que mis à jour en 2004. Ces standards ont aussi été repris dans le Modèle de convention fiscale des Nations Unies. Les standards prévoient l’échange de renseignements sur demande des informations vraisemblablement pertinentes pour l’administration et l’application de la législation fiscale interne de la partie requérante. La pêche aux renseignements n’est pas autorisée mais tous les renseignements vraisemblablement pertinents doivent être fournis, y compris les renseignements bancaires et les renseignements détenus par des agents fiduciaires, sans tenir compte de l’existence d’un intérêt fiscal national. Tous les membres du Forum mondial, ainsi que les juridictions identifiées par le Forum mondial comme pertinentes pour ses travaux, seront examinés. Ce processus est réalisé en deux phases. L’examen de phase 1 évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements alors que l’examen de phase 2 se concentre sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce cadre. Certains membres du Forum mondial font l’objet d’un examen combiné – phase 1 et phase 2. Le but final vise à aider les juridictions à mettre effectivement en œuvre les standards internationaux en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Tous les rapports d’examen, sont publiés une fois adoptés par le Forum mondial et doivent donc être considérés comme des rapports approuvés du Forum mondial.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258914-fr
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  • 96
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    Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266360
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Urban green growth in dynamic Asia
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Südostasien ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Südostasien ; Stadt ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadtgrün
    Abstract: The Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia project explores how to promote green growth in cities in Asia, examining policies and governance practices that encourage environmental sustainability and competitiveness in a rapidly expanding economy. This synthesis report presents the results of case studies along with practical policy recommendations, reflecting the local contexts of Southeast Asia. While Southeast Asian cities are affected by a range of economic, infrastructure, environmental and social challenges, ongoing rapid development offers opportunities to shift towards greener growth models. The concept of urban green growth can be a powerful vector of sustainable development, by emphasising the existence and potential of co-benefits between economic and environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266360-en
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  • 97
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    OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264261235
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Abstract: Die OECD und die FAO haben diesen Leitfaden entwickelt, um Unternehmen zu helfen, Standards für verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln einzuhalten und Due-Diligence-Prüfungen entlang landwirtschaftlicher Lieferketten durchzuführen. Damit soll sichergestellt werden, dass ihre Geschäftstätigkeit keine negativen Auswirkungen verursacht und zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beiträgt. Der Leitfaden besteht aus: einem Muster zur Unternehmenspolitik, das die Standards skizziert, die Unternehmen einhalten sollten, um verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten aufzubauen; einem Rahmen für risikoabhängige Due-Diligence-Prüfungen, der die fünf Stufen beschreibt, die Unternehmen befolgen sollten, um die negativen Effekte ihrer Geschäftstätigkeit zu identifizieren, zu evaluieren, zu mindern und Rechenschaft darüber abzulegen, wie sie diesen Effekten begegnen; einer Beschreibung der größten Risiken, denen sich Unternehmen gegenübersehen, sowie der Maßnahmen zur Minderung dieser Risiken; einem Leitfaden für die Zusammenarbeit mit indigenen Bevölkerungsgruppen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264261235-de
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264261235-de
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  • 98
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    Evolving Agricultural Policies and Markets (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264991
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evolving agricultural policies and markets
    RVK:
    ZB 56000
    RVK:
    ZB 85000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarmarkt ; Agrarreform ; WTO-Recht ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Agrarpolitik ; Agrarmarktpolitik
    Abstract: This report focuses on the significant developments in world agricultural markets and in the policies of major agricultural producing regions since the latest round of WTO negotiations began in 2001. In the past decade, production, prices and trade flows have been transformed and countries have substantially altered their agricultural trade and domestic support policies. The impacts of these policies on global production, trade and welfare (proxied by private household consumption) are assessed along with the effects of possible multilateral trade reform scenarios. The assessments are made through an application of the OECD’s computable general equilibrium model, METRO, in conjunction with the AGLINK-COSIMO outlook model.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264991-en
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264264991-en
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  • 99
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    Alternative Futures for Global Food and Agriculture (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264247826
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264247826-en
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264247826-en
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  • 100
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    The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264257474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les conséquences économiques de la pollution de l'air extérieur
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic consequences of outdoor air pollution
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Soziale Kosten ; Wirtschaftlicher Schaden ; Welt ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Luftverschmutzung ; Einfluss ; Ernteertrag ; Sterblichkeit ; Krankheit ; Soziale Kosten ; Prognose 2016-2060
    Abstract: This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants. Unless more stringent policies are adopted, findings point to a significant increase in global emissions and concentrations of air pollutants, with severe impacts on human health and the environment. The market impacts of outdoor air pollution are projected to lead to significant economic costs, which are illustrated at the regional and sectoral levels, and to substantial annual global welfare costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264257474-en
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