Abstract: Band 2 -- Briefe und Tagebücher 1918–1929 -- Namenverzeichnis -- Glossar jüdischer und hebräischer Ausdrücke -- Lebensdaten -- Stammbäume.

Abstract: I. The Curaçao Islands. The Inhabitants -- II. Historical Background and Discovery -- III. The Spanish Period -- IV. The Dutch Conquest -- V. Curaçao as War Base -- VI. The Struggle for Survival -- VII. The Last Dutch Stand -- VIII. The End of the Seventeenth Century -- IX. The Eighteenth Century -- X. The English Interregnum -- XI. The Dutch Leeward Islands in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- XII. The Wild Coast from pre-Columbian Times to 1621 -- XIII. Dutch Colonizing Efforts on the Wild Coast -- XIV. Surinam under the Chartered Society -- XV. Surinam during the English Interregnum -- XVI. Aspects of Dutch Colonization -- XVII. The Curaçao Islands in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- XVIII. The Curaçao Islands Under Paramaribo -- XIX. The Curaçao Islands from 1845 to 1900 -- XX. The Emancipation of the Curaçao Slaves -- XXI. Relations Between Curaçao and Venezuela Toward the End of the Nineteenth Century -- XXII. Oil Comes to the Curaçao Islands -- XXIII. The Curaçao Islands From World War I to World War II -- XXIV. The Dutch Leeward Islands in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- XXV. Surinam in the Nineteenth Century -- XXVI. The Early Twentieth Century in Surinam -- XXVII. Political Developments in the Dutch West Indies in the Twentieth Century -- XXVIII. Economic Development of the Dutch Antilles and Surinam -- XXIX. Society and Culture in the Netherlands West Indies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- General index.

Abstract: To English-speaking historians, the author of this book, a Dutchman who for many years now finds his base at the University of Florida, became well known when his The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast, 158~I680 was published in 1972. At that time Professor Goslinga, who prior to his academic career in the United States, lived for an extended period in Cura~ao, Netherlands Antilles, had already acquired a solid reputation among Dutch Caribbeanists by his manifold publications on social, political and maritime aspects of Dutch West Indian history. By his training, interests and present position, Dr. Goslinga would seem to me to be singularly well-equipped to write a comprehensive history - geared to an English-speaking university public - of what was once known as the Netherlands West Indies. The present book is the product of this professional equipment and of his long teaching experience. It should go a long way in filling the old and wide gap in historical information on this part of the former Dutch empire, and I hope an equally wide but younger audience will appreciate it.

Abstract: 1 Today’s three-year-olds in London -- 2 The present study -- 3 Methods -- 4 General results -- 5 Family aspects -- 6 Parents in general -- 7 Fathers -- 8 Mothers -- 9 The children -- 10 Daily lives of the children -- 11 Trips, visits and excursions -- 12 Toys and play -- 13 Thoughts, feelings and behaviour -- 14 Schools -- 15 Housing -- 16 Tests and assessment -- 17 Developmental assessment and prediction -- 18 Some children described in detail -- 19 Summary, discussion and conclusions -- References -- Appendices.

Abstract: In 1972, Dr Margaret Pollak published her book Today's Three-Year­ Oids in London. This was a sensitive study of family life and the social environment of a large number of London children, together with an account of their developmental assessment by various test methods. She showed that variations of developmental performances were more closely related to the quality of family life than to social and economic factors. Dr Pollak has now re-investigated the same children at nine years of age and this book is a record of her findings. The differences in development which were noted at three years of age remain in the older children. Those children who, at three years of age, were underachievers, particularly in verbal and adaptive abilities, are the children who, at nine years, can still be identified by lower achieve­ ment at school. These results must be of important relevance to educationalists, and all concerned with the psychologists as well as to paediatricians welfare of children. We must all be disturbed by the failure of any children in our urban city centres to benefit from education and our anxieties must be heightened if, amongst the underachievers, there are particular groups who can be identified by their ethnic identities. In Britain, education in school occupies a relatively small part of a child's life. Dr Pollak has identified some of the factors in a child's wider experience and, especially, in the total home environment which are associated with the persistence of inferior performance.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Life and Works of the Ban? M?sà -- 2. The Manuscripts of The Book of Ingenious Devices -- 3. Earlier Information on The Book of Ingenious Devices -- 4. Historical Context of The Book of Ingenious Devices -- 5. Motifs -- 6. Transliteration of Arabic letters -- 7. Presentation and Translation -- 8. Notes to Introduction -- II. The Book of Ingenious Devices -- List of Models -- Translation and Annotations.

Abstract: 1. English Intervention and the Pattern of Revolt -- 2. International Peace and Civil War -- 3. The Queen, the Prince and the Crisis of the Nobility -- 4. The Loss of the South -- 5. The North Preserved -- 6. Relations Transformed -- Conclusion -- Notes -- A Note on Sources.

Abstract: My first thanks must go to the Electors to Ford's Lectureship in English History in the University of Oxford, who honoured me with the invitation to discharge that formidable responsibility in 1969, generously interpreting the statute so as to allow me to deal with a subject which contained nearly as much Netherlands as it did English history. To Hugh Trevor-Roper, Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford, and his fellow­ Electors, I am grateful for much encouragement, guidance and hospitality. The colleagues and pupils upon whom I have from time to time inflicted discussion of problems arising from my subject are far too numerous to be thanked individually. Two must nevertheless be singled out. Vivian Fisher of Jesus College, Cambridge, very kindly read the completed manuscript, and I have benefited by a number of characteristically penetrating comments and suggestions which he made. Geoffrey Parker, Fellow of Christ's College, generously allowed me to make use of his unique knowledge of the Spanish, French and Italian archives to check and supplement my own information. I am deeply grateful to both. Finally, it will be evident that quite apart from my own researches these lectures owe a heavy debt to many scholars, Dutch, Belgian, American and British especially, who have worked in this or related fields of inquiry. I am not less indebted to those from whose interpretations I have ventured to differ than to those with whom I have found myself in agreement.

Abstract: 1 Faults which develop during storage -- 2 Difficulties arising during application -- 3 Difficulties mainly due to faults in the liquid paints -- 4 Faults related to drying and curing -- 5 Defects apparent shortly after application -- 6 Defects related mainly to poor adhesion -- 7 Defects of coatings developing in service -- 8 Hazards to the paint user -- Author Index.

Abstract: Since publication of the first English edition this book has become the standard reference work on paint film defects throughout the world. The very considerable advances in coatings technology since the second English edition was published in 1965 have necessitated a revision of the book, a task which from the outset was recognized as formidable. The very wide field to be covered required specialist knowledge as well as wide experience, and we were fortunate in being able to enlist the services of a group of contributors who were well qualified for the task. Due to his advancing age Mr Manfred Hess, the originator of this work, felt unable to take an active part in the preparation of the new edition. He entrusted not only a large part of the necessarily extensive revision of the text, but also the editorial work, the planning and compilation of the index to us jointly. A variety of causes has prevented the main contributors to the second edition, Mr W.A. Edwards and Mr T .W. Wilkinson, from revising their sections. Nevertheless, much of what they and others have contributed to previous editions has enabled us to build on valuable foundations. Much new material has been added; the illustrations section has been expanded and enhanced by the addition of several colour plates. Mr S.T. Harris revised the sections concerned with industrial finishes and in particular powder coatings, and Dr T.A. Banfield contributed the sections on marine paints and compositions.

Abstract: One. Introduction -- I. Logic as an Approach to Philosophy -- Two. Assumptions of Classical Logics -- II. Of Aristotle’s Logic: The Organon -- III. Of Frege’s Logic I: The Ideography -- IV. Of Frege’s Logic II: The Foundations of Arithmetic -- V. Frege’s Logic III: The Basic Laws of Arithmetic -- VI. Of Whitehead’s and Russell’s Principia Mathematica -- Summary -- Three. Assumptions of Modern Logics -- VII. Of Symbolic Logic -- VIII. Of Operational Logic -- IX. Of Modal Logics -- X. Professor Quine and Real Classes -- XI. Of the Nature of Reference -- XII. The Discovery Theory in Mathematics -- Summary -- Four. New Supplementary Logics -- XIII. Toward a Concrete Logic: Discreta -- XIV. Toward a Concrete Logic: Continua and Disorder -- XV. Varieties of Concrete Logic.

Abstract: A system of philosophy of the sort presented in this and the following volumes begins with logic. Philosophy properly speaking is characterized by the kind oflogic it employs, for what it employs it assumes, however silently; and what it assumes it presupposes. The logic stands behind the ontology and is, so to speak, metaphysically prior. One word of caution. The philosophical aspects of logic have lagged behind the mathematical aspects in point of view of interest and develop­ ment. The work of N. Rescher and others have gone a long way to correct this. However, their work on philosophical logic has been more concerned with the logical than with the philosophical aspects. I have in mind another approach, one that would call attention to the ontological (systematic meta­ physics) or metaphysical (critical ontology) aspects, whichever term you prefer. It is this approach which I have pursued in the following chapters. Since together they stand at the head of a system of philosophy which has been developed in some seventeen books, a system which ranges over all of the topics of philosophy, the chosen approach can be seen as the necessary one. But I have not written any logic, I have merely indicated the sort of logic that has to be written.

Abstract: The Pacification of Ghent in 1576: Hope and Uncertainty in the Netherlands -- Tobacco Growing in Holland in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Case Study on the Innovative Spirit of Dutch Peasants -- The Raison d’état-Politician Johan de Witt -- Dutch Privateering during the Second and Third Anglo- Dutch Wars -- Atlantic Rivalry. The Struggle for the Dutch Tea Market 1813-1850 -- The Negro Slave in Nineteenth-Century Surinam -- The Opposition of the ‘People’s Men’ (1850-1869) -- King Albert and the Peace (1915-1918) -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Abstract: The formation of archdeaconries in the diocese of Utrecht in the second half of the eleventh century and the first quarter of the twelfth -- Antwerp ships in English harbours in the fifteenth century -- Variants within Dutch Calvinism in the sixteenth century -- Flanders in 1576: revolutionary or reactionary? -- William III and the Utrecht ‘Government-Regulation’: background, events and problems -- The introduction of the steam engine to the Netherlands -- Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands.

Abstract: Group IV Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Silicon -- 3 Germanium -- 4 Tin -- 5 Lead -- References: Group IV -- V Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth -- 6 Introduction -- 7 Arsenic -- 8 Antimony -- 9 Bismuth -- References: Group V.

Abstract: A very large number of organo derivatives is formed by the Group IV ele­ ments silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. In comparing the general properties of these elements, Table 1. 1 shows that the first ionization energies decrease (though not in a regular way) with increase in size and atomic number, con­ sistent with the general increase in metallic character of the elements. Electro­ negativity values (which have been the subject of considerable controversy) show no clear trend. Although purely inorganic compounds of tin(n) and leaden) are well known, almost all organo Group IV derivatives show an oxidation state of IV. Bonds to carbon become weaker on passing from silicon to lead, as do the element-element bonds themselves. With any particular element M (M = Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb), there is a small decrease in bond energy in the order: M-Ph 〉 M - Me 〉 M - Et. Although accurate data for organo derivatives are lacking, strengths of bonds to other elements probably decrease in the order: M-F〉 M-O 〉 M-CI 〉 M-H ~ M-N ~ M-S ~ M-Br 〉 M-I, while for a particular element X, the order is: Si-X 〉 Ge-X 〉 Sn-X 〉 Pb-X. It is therefore understandable that reactions leading to Si-F, Si-O, or Si-CI bonds are especially favoured in a thermodynamic sense.

Abstract: 1 Introductory General Notes -- 1.1 Soldering components to interconnections when utilizing strip board -- 1.2 Resistor colour code -- 1.3 Symbols used in circuit diagrams -- 1.4 Symbols for quantities -- 1.5 Abbreviations -- 1.6 Notes on some aspects of electrical measuring instruments -- 2 Semiconductor Diodes: Characteristics; Use in D.C. Power Supplies -- 2.1 Semiconductor diodes -- 2.2 Zener diodes -- 2.3 D.C. power supplies: an introduction -- 3 Bipolar Junction Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 3.1 Bipolar junction transistors -- 3.2 Characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common-base (CB) connection -- 3.3 Characteristics of an n-p-n bipolar transistor in common-emitter (CE) connection -- 3.4 A bipolar transistor tester -- 3.5 Further investigation -- 3.6 Voltage stabilizing circuits: general information; the use of bipolar transistors -- 3.7 Constant current sources: introduction -- 3.8 Amplifiers: use of bipolar transistors -- 3.9 Sinusoidal waveform generators -- 3.10 Multivibrators -- 3.11 The Schmitt trigger circuit -- 3.12 Sweep generator: utilizing the bootstrap principle -- 3.13 An optically-coupled isolator -- 3.14 A typical application of an optically-coupled isolator -- 4 Field Effect Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 4.1 Field-effect transistors (FETs or fets) -- 4.2 A simple common-source fet amplifier -- 4.3 Sinusoidal waveform generators based on field-effect transistors -- 4.4 Multivibrators utilizing fets -- 5 Unijunction Transistors; Silicon Controlled Rectifiers: Characteristics and Applications -- 5.1 Unijunction transistors (UJTs or ujts) -- 5.2 Relaxation oscillators -- 5.3 A staircase generator or frequency divider based on a unijunction transistor -- 5.4 Programmable unijunction transistors (PUTs or puts) -- 5.5 A relaxation oscillator based on a put -- 5.6 Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs or scrs) -- 5.7 Phase control by means of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 5.8 Phase control by means of an scr fired by pulses from a ujt circuit -- 5.9 Phase control by means of a put -- 5.10 A bistable circuit based on the use of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 6 More Complex Amplifiers and some Applications -- 6.1 Differential or difference amplifiers -- 6.2 Operational amplifiers -- 6.3 Applications of operational amplifiers -- 6.4 Voltage-to-frequency converters which make use of an operational amplifier -- 6.5 A high-quality pre-amplifier for audio frequency signals -- 7 Logic Gates -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The basic TTL 2-input NAND gate -- 7.3 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the TTL type -- 7.4 Further pulse generator circuits based on NAND gates -- 7.5 The OR and the exclusive-OR functions -- 7.6 Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates -- 7.7 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the CMOS type -- 8 Some integrated Circuits -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A monolithic integrated circuit voltage stabilizer -- 8.3 Voltage-to-frequency converters -- 8.4 Monolithic integrated circuit waveform generators -- 8.5 Waveform generators of the multivibrator type based on NAND gates -- 8.6 A decade counter and a cold-cathode number display tube.

Abstract: Electronics is essentially an experimental subject and enables a wealth of experimental work to be undertaken at relatively low cost. In any modestly equipped electrical engineering or physics laboratory. it is possible to plan interesting experiments to study active and passive com­ ponents, basic circuit functions, modular encapsulations and monolithic integrated circuits. The work may range from the formal investigation of a device new to the student to the design and construction of quite advanced, modern measurement and control systems. There are few books which guide experimental work in electronics. This text aims to rectify this by giving detailed descriptions of a series of experiments all of which have been thoroughly tested by students in physics, electronics, electrical engineering and instrumentation at The Polytechnic of Central London. Moreover, several of these experiments would seem to be appropriate for the current development of interest in courses in electronics in schools because several of them have been undertaken with considerable success by first-year sixth-form students who have come to Central London for special courses. They would also assist an introductory course in electronics for students from other disciplines and have been tried out in this way at The Polytechnic.

Abstract: I. Good and Evil -- II. “Is” and “Ought” -- III. Virtue and Temperament -- IV. Subjective and Objective Morality -- V. Ethics and Politics -- VI. Legality and Morality -- VII. Atheism and Ethics -- VIII. Ethics and Aesthetics -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Name Index.

Abstract: "Dialectic" is a fulcrum word. Aristotle attacked this belief, saying that the dialectic was only suitable for some purpose- to enquire into men's beliefs, to arrive at truths about eternal forms of things, known as Ideas, which were fixed and un­ changing and constituted reality for Plato. Aristotle said there is also the method of science, or "physical" method, which observes physical facts and arrives at truths about substances, which undergo change. This duality ofform and substance and the scientific method of arriving at facts about substances were central to Aristotle's philosophy. Thus the dethronement of dialectic from what Socrates and Plato held it to be was ab­ solutely essential for Aristotle, and "dialectic" was and still is a fulcrum word . . . I think it was Coleridge who said everyone is either a Plato­ nist or an Aristotelian . . . Plato is the essential Buddha-seeker who appears again and again in each generation, moving on­ ward and upward toward the "one. " Aristotle is the eternal motorcycle mechanic who prefers the "many. " R.

Abstract: Section One: Deposits in Geological Environments at the Earth’s Surface -- The Bauxite Deposits of Jamaica -- The Onverdacht Bauxite Deposit — Surinam -- The Nickel Deposits of New Caledonia -- The Nsuta Manganese Deposit — Ghana -- The Tin Deposits of the Kinta Valley — Malaysia -- The Beach-Sand Deposits of North Stradbroke Island — Australia -- The Witwatersrand Gold-Uranium Deposits — South Africa -- The Uranium Deposits of the Blind River Area — Canada -- The Esterhazy Potash Deposits — Canada -- The Sulphur Salt Dome — U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Northampton District — U.K. -- The Mesabi Iron Range — U.S.A. -- The Iron Deposits of the Itabira District — Brazil -- Section Two: Mineral Deposits in Sedimentary Rocks -- The Luanshya Copper Deposit — Zambia -- The Ambrosia Lake Uranium Field — U.S.A. -- The Laisvall Lead-Zinc Deposit — Sweden -- The Picher Lead-Zinc Field — U.S.A. -- The Zinc, Lead and Barite Deposits of the Silvermines District — Ireland -- The Zinc-Lead Deposits of the Pine Point District — Canada -- The Sullivan Deposit — Canada -- The Broken Hill Deposit — Australia -- Section Three: Deposits Associated with Felsic Magmatic Environments -- The Helen Iron Deposit — Canada -- The Pyritic Deposits of the Tamasos Field — Cyprus -- The Skorovas Pyritic Deposit — Norway -- The Rio Tinto Deposits — Spain -- The Noranda Field — Canada -- The Deposits of the Kosaka District — Japan -- The Almaden Mercury Deposit — Spain -- The Deposits of the MacIntyre-Hollinger Field — Canada -- The Homestake Gold Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Bunker Hill Silver Deposit — U.S.A. -- The El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit — Chile -- The Chuquicamata Copper Deposit — Chile -- The Bingham Canyon Copper Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Climax Molybdenum Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Butte District — U.S.A. -- The Santa Eulaila Deposit — Mexico -- The South-West England District — U.K. -- The Pine Creek Tungsten Deposit — U.S.A. -- The Bikita Pegmatite — Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- Section Four: Mineral Deposits in Basic and Ultrabasic Magmatic Rocks -- The Plantinum Deposits of the Merensky Reef — South Africa -- The Chromite Deposits of the Great Dyke — Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) -- The Sudbury Nickel Deposits — Canada -- The Tellnes Illmenite Deposit — Norway -- The Chromite Deposits of Mugla District — Turkey -- The Asbestos Deposits of the Thetford District — Canada -- The Palabora Complex — South Africa -- The Mwadui Diamond Pipe — Tanzania -- Section Five: The World Distribution of Mineral Deposits -- Copper Deposits of the World -- Lead and Zinc Deposits of the World -- Iron and Ferro-alloy metal Deposits of the World -- Light Metal Deposits of the World -- Precious Metal Deposits of the World -- Glossary of Mineral Names -- Units of Measurement -- Key to Stratigraphic Names.

Abstract: reader who wishes to study economic mineral deposits. I have in mind that it they do include references to the source material. Full bibliographies are in could be the basic descriptive part of a university course on the subject. many cases unnecessary because of the monumental work of Ridge (Ridge, Many teachers of economic and mining geology prefer to lecture on the 1972 and 1976). formative geological processes and origin of mineral deposits, and most of The Scope, Purpose and Layout of the Book Terminology. This is a persistent problem in geology. What I have tried to the existing textbooks do likewise. The Atlas is intended to be a compen­ Air, sea, surface water and soil support life, from which comes our food; the dium of descriptive material on which a more analytical series of lectures, or do is use a consistent, and internationally acceptable set of terms, making as much use as possible of the recent attempts by international organizations to fossil remains of life, that is: coal, oil and gas, together with solar and course of reading, could be based.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Lettuce -- 3 Celery -- 4 Cabbage -- 5 Endive and Chicory -- 6 Spinach -- 7 Lesser Salad Vegetables.

Abstract: Leafy salad vegetables are among the most universally used vegetable crops grown today. Their prominence as important crops has been heightened through the last several decades due to an awareness on the part of consumers of the nutrient, and other obvious values they offer to the diet as "fresh greens" which, at least in the United States, have become a daily table staple. As a result, acreage planted to leafy salad vegetable crops has expanded to a remarkable degree over the past few decades, making these crops an important segment of the agricultural and marketing industries. Published information on leafy salad vegetables has been-and is­ widespread and scattered. This book brings together all up-to-date information and is amply referenced throughout for further study and information. Similarities and differences among the species are discussed and provide insight into the place these species hold in the world cropping system and in the human diet. This approach in text organiza­ tion was made in an effort to be helpful to the widest type of readership: professional researchers and teachers, graduate and undergraduate stu­ dents, extension workers, farmers and other members of the horticultural community, and, perhaps, even lay readers who are the ultimate consumers.

Abstract: 1 Introduction: Mineral Resources and Exploration -- 1.1 Growth in Mineral Production -- 1.2 Metal Prices -- 1.3 Patterns of Production and Consumption -- 1.4 The Nature of Mineral Exploration -- 1.5 Mining and the Environment -- 2 Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.1 The Importance of Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.2 Traditional Prospecting Methods -- 3 Photogeology and Remote Sensing -- 3.1 Photogeology -- 3.2 Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) -- 3.3 Satellite Photographs and Imagery -- 3.4 Thermal Imagery -- 3.5 Other Remote Detection Methods -- 3.6 Air Sampling Methods -- 4 Geochemical Prospecting -- 4.1 Distribution of Elements -- 4.2 Primary Dispersion -- 4.3 Secondary Dispersion -- 4.4 Soil Types -- 4.5 Statistical Treatment of Data -- 4.6 Drainage Surveys -- 4.7 Soil Surveys -- 4.8 Vegetation and Water Surveys -- 4.9 Analytical Methods -- 5 Deep Sampling Methods -- 5.1 Pitting and Trenching -- 5.2 Auger Drilling -- 5.3 Hand-Held Percussion Drills -- 5.4 Wagon Drilling -- 5.5 Banka Drilling -- 6 Geophysical Prospecting -- 6.1 Gravity Surveying -- 6.2 Magnetic Surveying -- 6.3 Resistivity Surveys -- 6.4 Induced Polarization (IP) Surveys -- 6.5 Electromagnetic (EM) Surveying -- 6.6 Self-Potential (SP) Surveys -- 6.7 Equipotential (EP) Surveys -- 6.8 Magneto-Telluric (MT) Surveys -- 6.9 Seismic Methods -- 6.10 Radiometric Surveying -- 6.11 Geothermal Methods -- 6.12 Well-Logging Techniques -- 7 Drilling Methods -- 7.1 Percussion Drilling -- 7.2 Churn Drilling -- 7.3 Diamond Drilling -- 7.4 Rotary Drilling -- 8 Surveying -- 8.1 Chaining -- 8.2 Compass and Tape Surveys -- 8.3 Determination of Elevation -- 8.4 Plane Table Surveying -- 8.5 Surveying Calculations -- 8.6 Measurements with a Theodolite -- 8.7 Measurement of Distance -- 8.8 Astronomical Surveying -- 9 Ore Reserve Calculations -- 9.1 Ore and Ore Reserves -- 9.2 Plan Methods -- 9.3 Cross-Sectional Methods -- 9.4 Steeply Dipping Ore Bodies -- 9.5 Ore Bodies of Variable Dip -- 9.6 Use of Ore Blocks -- 9.7 Cut-Off Grades -- 9.8 Tonnage Factor -- 9.9 Sampling for Grade Determination -- 10 Evaluation of Prospects -- 10.1 Mineral Dressing -- 10.2 Smelting and Refining of Ores -- 10.3 Mining Methods -- 10.4 Economic Feasibility Studies -- 10.5 Examination of Properties.

Abstract: For some years I have felt there was a need for a single, comprehen­ sive, reference book on exploration geology. Numerous textbooks are available on subjects such as geophysical prospecting, exploration geochemistry, mining geology, photogeology and general economic geology, but, for the geologist working in mineral exploration, who does not require a specialist's knowledge, a general book on explora­ tion techniques is needed. Many undergraduate university courses tend to neglect economic geology and few deal with the more prac­ tical aspects in any detail. Graduate geologists embarking on a career in economic geology or mineral exploration are therefore often poorly equipped and have to learn a considerable amount 'on the job'. By providing a book that includes material which can be found in some of the standard texts together with a number of practical aspects not to be found elsewhere, I hope that both recent graduates and more experienced exploration geologists will find it a useful reference work and manual. In addition, students of economic geology and personnel working in related fields in the mining and mineral extraction in­ dustries will find it informative. J. H. REEDMAN v Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Dr K. Fletcher, geochemist with the Department of Geology, University of British Columbia, and Kari Savario, geophysicist with Finnish Technical Aid to Zambia, for reading the original drafts and offering constructive criticism and advice on the chapters on geochemical and geophysical prospecting respectively.

Abstract: Courts and Tribunals: Partners in Justice -- Two International Organizations of the Third World -- The Future of World Order -- The World Bank’s Impact on International Law-A Case Study in the International Law of Cooperation -- Some Legal Aspects of the Andean Economic Integration -- The International Monetary System and Change: Relations Between the Mode of Negotiation and Legal Technique -- Non-Identification of the Majority and Minority in the Practice of the International Court of Justice -- The General Welfare as A Legal Interest -- Treaties as “Legislation” -- The Jurisprudence of Contracts -- Force Majeure Et Contrats Internationaux De Longue Durée -- Strikes and the Law — Some Recent Developments in Western Europe -- Conventional International Law and the Domestic Law of Canada -- Some Legal Aspects of International and Multinational Enterprises -- Principles of International Social Justice -- Voting Procedure In International Conferences for the Codification of International Law, 1864–1930 -- Conscience, Law, Force and the General Assembly -- The New System Of International Law -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Wolfgang Friedmann.

Abstract: When Wolfgang Friedmann died there was a great outpouring of grief, affection and admiration from his friends all over the world. These deeply felt sentiments were soon channelled into a number of projects to honor him. The initiative towards the preparation of this volume in tribute to Wolfgang Friedmann was taken by his colleague, Hans Smit, of Columbia University, who also arranged for its publication. Judge Philip C. Jessup was the chairman, and Professors John N. Hazard, Louis Henkin, Oliver Lissitzyn, Willis L. M. Reese and Hans Smit of Columbia University Law School, A. A. Fatouros of Indiana University Law School (Bloomington), and Gabriel M. Wilner of the University of Georgia Law School were members of the editorial committee. The authors of the essays are a group of distinguished legal scholars from many countries and who hold widely diverse views. All of them had many ties with Professor Friedmann, including those of friendship and shared interest in problems that were of the greatest concern to him. The number of eminent jurists from countries around the world, and particularly from the United States, who would have wished to participate in this tribute to Wolfgang Friedmann is large; however, several important considerations made it necessary to limit the number of contributions. Thus, for example, the work of several members of the editorial committee is not represented in the volume.

Abstract: 1. Fractionation in igneous processes -- 2. Compositional variation in magmas -- 3. Phase diagrams — introduction -- 4. Ternary systems — I -- 5. Ternary systems with solid solutions page -- 6. The interpretation of two-element variation diagrams -- 7. Petrographic aspects of volcanic rocks -- 8. Quaternary systems -- 9. Experimental work on natural basaltic and allied rocks -- 10. Water-bearing basic rock systems -- 11. Compositionally zoned magma bodies and their bearing on crystal settling -- 12. Petrographic aspects of plutonic rocks -- 13. The interpretation of data for plutonic rocks -- 14. Trace elements in igneous processes -- 15. The use of isotopes in petrology -- Appendices -- 1. Nomenclature of igneous rocks -- 2. Average major element compositions and CIPW norms of common igneous rock types -- 3. Norm calculations -- Calculation of the CIPW norm -- Molecular norms -- 4. Calculation of plotting parameters for O’Hara (1968) polybaric phase diagram -- 5. Some representative mineral analyses -- Answers to exercises -- References.

Abstract: Our aim in writing this book is to try to show how igneous rocks can be persuaded to reveal some ofthe secrets of their origins. The data of igneous rocks consist of field relations, texture, mineralogy, and geochemistry. Additionally, experimental petrology tells us how igneous systems might be expected to behave. Working on this material we attempt to show how hypotheses concerning the origins and evolution of magmas are proposed and tested, and thus illuminate the interesting and fundamental problems of petrogenesis. The book assumes a modest knowledge of basic petro­ graphy, mineralogy, classification, and regional igneous geology. It has a role complementary to various established texts, several of which are descriptively good and give wide coverage and evaluation of petrogenetic ideas in various degrees of detail. Existing texts do not on the whole, however, deal with methodology, though this is one of the more important aspects of the subject. At first sight it may appear that the current work is a guidebook for the prospective research worker and thus has little relevance for the non-specialist student of geology. We hope this will prove to be far from the case. The methodological approach has an inherent interest because it can provide the reader with problems he can solve for himself, and as an almost incidental consequence he will acquire a satisfying understanding.

Abstract: One: Basic Assumptions and Hypotheses -- Two: Socio-Political Organization in Minangkabau -- Three: The Pluralistic Situation -- Four: The Level of Meaning: Systems of Property Relationships in Minangkabau -- Five: The Level of Performance I: The Fulfilment of the Function -- Six: The Level of Performance II: The Production of Legal Conceptions in Historical Perspective -- Seven: Conclusions -- Notes.

Abstract: Learn the laws of inheritance and teach them to the people; for they are one half of useful knowledge. t·1ohannned (Fyzee 1955: 329) When the prophet created this aphorism he had in mind the rules of in­ heritance law revealed to him by Allah. We could apply it to social an­ thropology as well sincethe inheritance of property and the succession to positions of socio-political authority are among the most important elements of social organization. They are the vehicles of continuity which maintain property and authority through time. In many societies, and particularly in those generally studied by anthropologists, inherit­ ance and succession are closely interconnected with kinship and descent and provide the economic and political substance for the existence and continuity of kinship- or descent-based social groups. They are, as it were, the flesh on the bare bones of kinship relations. The importance of inheritance has, of course, not escaped the notice of social and legal anthropologists, and in recent years several studies have ably demonstrated the point (Radcliffe-Brown 1952, Goodenough 1951, Leach 1961 b, Goody 1962, Lloyd 1962, Gray and Gulliver (eds. ) 1964, Derrett (ed. ) 1965, Gluckman 1972, Moore 1969, Burling 1974). Yet in general, property and inheritance have rather been treated as an appendix to economic and kinship studies.

Abstract: Introductory Chapters -- Belgium -- Denmark -- England -- France -- Federal Republic of Germany -- Italy -- Switzerland -- United States -- Analysis of Hypothetical Case -- Belgium -- Denmark -- England -- France -- Federal Republic of Germany -- Italy -- Switzerland -- United States -- Index to Major Topics.

Abstract: More than a decade has passed since economist Richard N. Cooper reflected upon the trend toward increasing economic interdependence in the international community: During the past decade there has been a strong trend toward economic interdependence among the industrial countries. This growing interdependence makes the successful pursuit of national economic objectives much more difficult. Broadly speaking, increas­ ing interdependence complicates the pursuit of national objectives in three ways. First, it increases the number and magnitude of the disturbances to which each country's balance of payments is subjected, and this in turn diverts policy attention and instruments of policy to the restoration of external balance. Second, it slows down the process by which national authorities, each acting on its own, are able to reach their domestic objectives. Third, the response to greater integration can involve the community of nations in counter-acting motions which leave all countries worse off than they need be . . . J Nothing has occured in the 1970s to suggest that Cooper's assessment is inaccurate. Indeed, the process which he identified has accelerated. By the mid-1970s, if one is to mention but one example, exports accounted for twenty per cent of the combined gross national product of the Member States of the European Communities, and exports provided seven per cent of the 2 gross national product of the United States.

Abstract: 1. Velocity Determination from Seismic Reflection Data -- 2. Patterns of Sources and Detectors -- 3. Well Geophone Surveys and the Calibration of Acoustic Velocity Logs -- 4. Seismic Sources on Land -- 5. Marine Seismic Sources -- 6. Gravity and Magnetic Surveys at Sea -- 7. Pulse Shaping Methods -- 8. Seismic Profiling for Coal on Land.

Abstract: This is a collection of original papers, each by an expert in his field. They deal with different sectors of recent geophysical development. It may be, at first, difficult to see what else unites them, and how these several technologies can contribute to an integrated exploration process. What brings these writers together is that they have all contributed to the improvement of what comes to the eye of the geophysical interpreter. Some of the improvement is achieved at the data-gathering stage, some of it in processing, and in presentation. For all of this improvement interpreters in general are most grateful. The editor is appreciative in a quite personal way, not only of the advances in technology, but also of the effort in writing which has been made by these busy contributors, and so created this collection. Something can be said here about interpretation and the environment in which it is carried out, since it represents the field where the results of these technical developments are ultimately tested. In the commercial world it is from the geophysical interpreter that management learns the results of a large sector of exploration expenditure, and learns them in a form on which still larger expenditures on later phases of exploration can be based.

Abstract: Section 1 Passive Circuits -- 1.1 English Letters -- 1.2 Greek Letters -- Section 2 Transistors -- 2.1 Static Conditions -- 2.2 Small Signal Conditions -- Section 3 Operational Amplifiers -- 3.1 Symbols and Definitions -- 3.2 Formulas and Circuits -- A Table of 5% Value Ratios -- B Electronic Terms and their Corresponding Symbols.

Abstract: The Handbook of Electronics Formulas, Symbols and Defini­ tions has been compiled for engineers, technicians, armed forces personnel, commercial operators, students, hobbyists, and all others who have some knowledge of electronic terms, symbols, and theory. The author's intention has been to provide: A small, light reference book that may be easily carried in an attache case or kept in a desk drawer for easy access. A source for the majority of all electronic formulas, sym­ bols, and definitions needed or desired for today's passive and active analog circuit technology. A format in which a desired formula may be located almost instantly without the use of an index, in the desired trans­ position, and in sufficiently parenthesized linear form for direct use with any scientific calculator. Sufficient information, alternate methods, approximations, schematic diagrams, and/or footnotes in such a manner so that technicians and hobbyists may understand and use the majority of the formulas, and that is acceptable and equally useful to engineers and others very knowledgeable in the field. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much of the material is this Handbook is based upon a small loose-leaf notebook containing formulas and other reference material compiled over many years. With the passage of time, the sources of this material have become unknown. It is impos­ sible therefore to list and give the proper credit.

Abstract: I. Freedom, action and deeds -- Worthiness and reward -- History and harmonization -- Character and duty -- V. Races and peoples -- VI. Incentive and propensity -- VII. Excursus: between Epicurus and Stoa -- Name index.

Abstract: The present book is an exp]oration of some basic issues of Kant's moral phi­ losophy. The point of departure is the concept offreedom and the self-legisla­ tion of reason. Since self-Iegislation is expressed in the sphere of practice or morality, it is meant to overcome some of the vulnerable aspects of Kant's theoretical philosophy, namely that which Kant himself pointed to and called the 'lucky chance,' in so far as the application of reason to sensuous data is concerned. The book attempts to show that Kant's practical or moral philosophy faces questions which are parallel to those he faced in the sphere ofhis theore­ tical philosophy. The problematic situation of realization of practice is parallel to the problematic situation of application of theory. It is in the line of the problems emerging from Kant's practical philosophy that the present book deals with some of Kant's minor writings, or less-known ones, in­ cluding his writings in the sphere of politics, history and education. The limitations of self-Iegislation - this is the theme of the book. The book is parallel to the author's previous one on Kant: 'Experience and its Systema­ tization - Studies in Kant" (Nijhoff, 1965, 2nd edition 1973), as well as to: "From Substance to Subject -Studies in Hegel" (Nijhoff, 1974). Jerusalem 1978 ABBREVIATIONS As to the references to Kant's major works, the following procedme will be ob­ served: Kritik der reinen Vernunft will be quoted as Kr. d. r. V.

Abstract: Herman Heijermans (1864-1924) was convinced that he lived in an "overgangs­ 1 tijdperk," a transitional period. As a young man in the eighteen nineties, he rejected those values and life styles which he felt belonged to the past period dominated by the bourgeoisie, and sought out situations and a profession which would attune him to the future when, he hoped, the proletariat would 2 be in power. He left the conservative business milieu of Rotterdam in 1892 and went to Amsterdam- then teeming with radical ideas. At first, Heijermans was attracted to a group of poets, de tachtigers, who were claiming to have enlivened the stale tradition of Dutch poetry by discovering language and beauty in a totally new way; but soon he felt them to be elitist. Then, in 1895, he became a member of the newly founded Dutch Social Democratic Workers Party. He alienated himself from the literary circles by claiming that art should be socialistic and by rejecting the class separation between artists and workers. He felt himself to be one with the proletariat and, through them, with "The New Life" and "The New Humanity. " Stimulated by the ongoing theater revival, which he interpreted as an attempt to challenge the bourgeois smugness and moral self-righteousness, he had started to write plays before becoming interested in the Socialist Party.

Abstract: Holland’s Advance -- Poverty in Flanders and Brabant from the Fourteenth to the Mid-Sixteenth Century: Sources and Problems -- Prices and Wages as Development Variables: A Comparison between England and the Southern Netherlands, 1400–1700 -- An Inquiry into the Behaviour of Wages in the Dutch Republic and the Southern Netherlands, 1580–1800 -- Poverty in Amsterdam at the Close of the Eighteenth Century -- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp in America, 1783–1784 -- Some Remarks on the Cultivation System in Java -- The Mutiny on board De Zeven Provincien: Reaction and Repercussions in the Netherlands -- Dutch Jews in a Segmented Society -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Abstract: et Vues D’Ensemble sur L’Europe -- Genese, Caracteristiques et Contextes Moraux du Present Ouvrage -- L’Europe Anthropologique -- L’Europe Linguistique -- L’Europe Culturelle -- L’Europe Religieuse -- L’Europe Politique -- Les Types et La Repartition des Psychologies Collectives des Populations Europeennes -- Articles Descriptifs -- Presentation Generale.

Abstract: Editors and the Impact of New Techniques: Mechanization and Organization -- Some Aspects of Data-Recording and Microform Output for Information Distribution -- Editorial Processing Centres: A View from the United Kingdom -- Editorial Processing Centres and International Scientific Journals -- Editing a Photographically Reproduced Journal -- The Dual Journal Concept -- Innovation in the Publication of Lengthy Research Articles -- On-Line Preparation of Typescript -- Discussion -- Primary Publications and Modern Information Systems. Copyright Problems from the Viewpoint of Editors of Scientific Journals -- Discussion -- Librarians’ Reactions to Non-Conventional Publishing Methods -- PANEL: Users’ Reactions to New Techniques in Scientific Publishing -- Discussion -- Multiple Choice, a Publications Option for a Diverse Science -- The Journal as a Centre for International Communications: The Experience of Current Anthropology -- Discussion -- Flagging and Tagging Scientific Data -- Discussion -- Science, Society and the Editor -- Treatment of 100 Man-Related Scientific Problems: Science as an Indicator of Publications -- Information Transfer and Management in the European Community -- Discussion -- How Editors Catalyze the Publication Explosion -- Logopollution and Ways to Prevent it -- Model of the Growth of Science Illustrates Structural Problem in Scientific Publishing -- Publication-Centred Symposium: An Experiment -- Discussion -- In Defence of Standardized On-Demand Publication -- The Publication Game and the Education of Future Scholars -- Editors’ Impact on Science Policies and Politics -- The Editor as Mover or Retarder of Scientific Ideas -- Discussion -- Creators and Gatekeepers — Authors, Editors, Referees -- Democracy of the Intellect -- The Role of Review Journals in Scientific Publication -- Reports on Progress in Physics -- Discussion -- Refereeing and Judgment -- Editorial Judgment in Scientific Periodicals -- Improving Referee-Selection and Manuscript Evaluation -- Refereeing Reconsidered: An Examination of Unwitting Bias in Scientific Evaluation -- Discussion -- Publication, Innovation and Citation -- Sex and Money -- Discussion -- The Creative Role and Function of Editors -- Discussion -- Can Editing be Quantitated? -- Standards and Style -- A Coherent Philosophy of Titles, Abstracts and Keywords in Scientific Articles -- The CSIRO Style Manual -- Progress with Editerra Editors’ Handbook -- The Fourth Edition of the CBE Style Manual -- Style Manuals and Guides for Authors and Editors: Prescriptive or Descriptive? -- On the Preparation of a Reference Manual for Authors and Typists of an International Research Centre -- Style! Why Bother? -- Discussion -- Standardization of Written Information in Science and Technology -- An Editor’s View of Standards and Standardization -- Presentation of Numerical Data in the Primary Literature -- Barriers in the Flow of Numerical Data from Primary to Secondary to Tertiary Literature. A Case History -- The CODATA Biologists’ Guide for Presentation of Numerical Data -- Four Kinds of Style -- Economics and Organization of Scientific Publishing -- to Morning Session -- The Organization and Economics of Publishing and the Function of the Editor -- Is a Good Editor a Good Publisher? -- Financing Scientific Society Journals in the USA -- Discussion -- The Publication of Scientific Journals in France -- Integrated Science Publishing: An Example from Australia -- Economics and Organization of Scientific Publishing: The ESRC Model Study -- Discussion -- Surviving Inflation? Some Recent Financial Problems of a Specialist Medical Journal -- Editing a Photographically Reproduced Mathematics Journal -- Page Composition Costs of Philosophy Journals: A Report on a Study -- Discussion -- International, National and Special Problems -- to Session: International, National and Regional Problems -- Experiences of the Nordic Publishing Board in Science (NOP) -- Centers for Scientific Publications -- Quantity and Quality in Israeli Science -- EDITEAST (Association of Editors in Science in Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania) and its Role in Scientific Publishing in the Region -- Science Publications in Hong Kong -- Discussion -- Social Sciences -- Functional Differentiation of Social Science Journals -- The Need for a Council of Social Science Editors -- Stability versus Change in Psychological Research. Toward Improved Standards in Psychological Journals -- Discussion -- Agricultural and Development Publications -- The Non-Conventional Literature of Tropical Agricultural Resource Assessment and Development: Its Nature, Sources, Quantity, Value and Accessibility -- A Rational System for Editing and Publishing the Literature of Tropical Agricultural Resource Assessment and Development Planning -- Scientific Editing and Publishing for the Third World: A Review from the Tropical Products Institute -- The International Development Research Centre: Its Unique Role in World Development -- Discussion -- Editor-Secondary Services Interface Developments in Secondary Information Services and Information Transfer -- Developments in Information Transfer -- Information Flow Between Primary Journals and Secondary Services: Report on a Study -- The Past and Future of the Conventional Abstracts Journal -- User Reactions to Secondary Journals -- Discussion -- On the Information Transfer from Primary to Secondary Sources and from Secondary to Primary Sources - An Editing Experiment in an Interdisciplinary Field (Automatic Image Analysis) -- How Services from the Institute for Scientific InformationR (ISIR) Aid Journal Editors and Publishers -- The Difficulties of Preparing the International Serials Catalogue. How Editors Could Help -- Discussion -- History of ASCE Indexing and Abstracting -- A Practical Seminar-Workshop Course in Scientific Writing -- Closing Session: Summary, Recommendations, Resolutions and Future -- Towards and International Federation of Scientific Editors’ Associations (IFSEA) -- Closing Session -- Sequel and Preview -- Call for Proposal and Comments -- Towards IFSEA - Organizing Committee and Draft Statutes -- Ciba Foundation Workshop on the Consolidation and Adoption of a Rational System for References - Resulting Suggestions -- List of Participants -- Editors’ Associations -- Style Manuals and Guides Exhibited -- Author Index.

Abstract: It was Faraday who in 1821 said that there are three necessary stages of useful research. The first to begin it, the second to· end it, and the third 1 to publish it. There has since indeed been so much research and publication that we have become increasingly alarmed by the galloping proliferation of scientific information produced in relation to the user's ability to retrieve and consume it effectively, conveniently and creatively. In 1948, to deal with this concern, the Royal Society Scientific Infor­ 1 mation Conference held in London spanned the whole realm of scientific in­ formation. Sir Robert Robinson, President of the Royal Society, in his open­ ing address noted that "the study of scientific information services in all its ramifications has enormous scope", and the London conference dealt with scientific publication, format, editorial policy, subject grouping, organiza­ tion, abstracting, reviews, classification, indexing and training of infor­ mation officers. It was about this time that information science began to develop more on the retrieval end, so it seems logical that the first editors' group founded in 1949 was ICSU AB, the International Council of Scientific Unions Abstract­ ing Board. In 1958 the National Academy of Sciences International Conference of 2 Scientific Information in Washington limited its interests and expanded on the later phases of the life cycle of information - storage and retrieval.

Abstract: (Volume Three) -- B. The Phenomenology of Spirit. Consciousness § 413 -- a. Consciousness as such § 418 -- b. Self-consciousness § 424 -- c. Reason § 438 -- C. Psychology. Spirit § 440 -- a. Theoretical spirit (Intelligence) § 445 -- b. Practical spirit § 469 -- c. Free spirit § 481 -- The Phenomenology of Spirit (Summer Term, 1825) -- B. Consciousness § 329 -- a. Consciousness as such -- 1) Sensuous consciousness § 335 -- 2) Perceptive consciousness § 337 -- 3) Understanding § 340 -- b. Self-consciousness § 344 -- 1) Immediate self-consciousness § 348 -- i) Drive -- ii) Desire -- iii) Satisfaction § 350 -- 2) The relatedness of one self-consciousness to another § 352 -- i) Struggle § 353 -- ii) Mastery and Servitude § 356 -- iii) Communal provision -- 3) Universal self-consciousness § 358 -- c. Reason § 360 -- 1) Certainty § 361 -- 2) Substantial truth § 362 -- 3) Knowing and spirit -- Notes -- Index to the Text -- Index to the Notes.

Abstract: On the Psychology of Complexions and Relations. 1891 -- Supplementary Notes by Ernst Mally -- An Essay Concerning the Theory of Psychic Analysis. 1894 -- Supplementary Notes by Stephen Witasek -- On Objects of Higher Order and their Relationship to Internal Perception. 1899 -- Additional Notes by Auguste Fischer -- Critical Notes on E. Husserl’s Ideas on a Pure Phenomenology, Volume I. After 1914.

Abstract: 16. The General Subject Matter of Husserl's Phenomenology 45 17. General Thesis and Epoche 46 18. Doubt 47 19. Hyle and Noema 48 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY TRANSLATION OF SELECI'ED TEXTS REFERRED TO IN THE FOOTNOTES 51 INTRODUCTION SECTION I PREFACE Meinong was one of the great philosophers who stand at the beginning of Analytic Philosophy and Phenomenology. He was a contemporary of Husserl, Frege, Mach, and Russell who were either originally or physicists, except Meinong. Meinong was a historian mathematicians and always a philosopher who became increasingly interested in experi­ mental psychology, under the influence of Franz Brentano. He, as each of his contemporaries, developed his own philosophy. It grew, in a profound fashion, into a very rich realism which was, curiously enoug- based on a staunch empirical attitude. Of all these philosophers, Meinong and Husserl were most closely associated: both of them were students of Brentano and dealt, each. with his own philosophical tools, with the same subject matter, presentations and their objects. Meinong concerned himself, in short critical notes, with Husserl's phenomenology, that is, the first volume of Ideas . . . which was trans­ 1 lated by W. R. Boyce Gibson. The last section of this Introduction will be devoted to Meinong's criticism of Husserl. It is done in the last section because some of Meinong's theory is presupposed for the understanding of his critique of Husserl.

Abstract: I. Point Of Departure -- II. Appeasement Defined -- III. On Motives and Similarities -- IV. Ideological Angst -- V. Portraits of Two Epochs -- VI. The Balance Sheet.

Abstract: It has not been my intention to write a definitive study of appeasement. Such a work would have to include the French variety, Stalin's appeasement of Hitler between 1939 and 1941, or the appeasement of Japan in 1938 and 1939. I chose the British case for a number of reasons. The opportunity of a comparative model was a challenge, British appeasement was well known, and the structure of the British government remained rather the same in the intervening period between Waterloo and Dunkirk. I admit that Amiens and Munich represent the most dramatic episodes in the story of appeasement, but then the British struggles against Bonaparte and Hitler were of epic proportions. It was of course unnecessary "to prove" appeasement at Munich, but very few historians had looked at the treaty of Amiens in this way. Much of my research effort was therefore devoted to examining the published material of the earlier period. While I have used some original Addington documents, this work is not primarily an inquiry into unpublished sources but a rein­ terpretation of well known events that were made public long ago. The flood of publications and revelations of the 1930's continues unabated. I have tried to use the latest studies, especially those that have benefited from the thirty­ year rule. My debts of gratitude extend over a long period since two stints as chairman of the department have delayed this book by at least four years.

Abstract: Inhalts-Anzeige (Band Eins) -- Die Philosophie des Geistes -- zu der Philosophie des Geistes § 377 -- Erste Abtheilung Der Subjective Geist § 387 -- Ein Fragment zur Philosophie des Geistes (1822/5) -- a) Menschenkenntniss -- b) Psychologie -- c) Pneumatologie -- Begriff des Geistes und Eintheilung der Wissenschaft -- Racenverschiedenheit -- Die empfindende Seele -- Anmerkungen -- Register zum text -- Register zur Einleitung und zu den Anmerkungen.

Abstract: The foundations of this edition were laid at the University of Bochum. The readiness with which Professor Poggeler and his staff put the full resources of the Hegel Archive at my disposal, and went out of their way in helping me to survey the field and get t9 grips with the editing of the manuscript material, has put me very greatly in their debt. I could never have cleared the ground so effectively anywhere else, and I should like to express my very deep grati­ tude for all the help and encouragement they have given me. It has been completed in the Netherlands, - in a University which is justly proud of both the liberal and humanistic traditions of its country and its close links with the enterprise and accomplishments of a great com­ mercial city, and in a faculty engaged primarily in establishing itself as a centre of inter-disciplinary research. I have found these surroundings thoroughly congenial, and can only hope that the finished work will prove worthy of its setting.

Abstract: Eidos and Science -- Durkheim and Husserl: A Comparison of the Spirit of Positivism and the Spirit of Phenomenology -- Can There Be a Scientific Concept of Ideology? -- The Problem of Anonymity in the Thought of Alfred Schutz -- Genesis and Validation of Social Knowledge: Lessons from Merleau-Ponty -- Notes on Contributors.

Abstract: The five essays in this work attempt in interpretive and original ways to further the common field of investigation of man in the life-world. Richard Zaner in his examination of the multi-level approach of the social sciences to the social order points us toward essences and the manner in which they are epistemically understood. By contrasting the work of the later Durkheim with that of Husserl, Edward Tiryakian is able to suggest a commonality of endeavor between them. Paul Ricoeur, after phenomenologically distinguishing three concepts of ideology, examines the supposed conflict between science and ideology and its resolution through a hermeneutics of historical understanding. Maurice N at anson in his discussion of the problem of anonymity reflects on both the sociological givenness of the world and its phenomenological reconstruction, showing the necessary interrelationship of both prior­ ities. Fred Dallmayr, after a presentation of the state of validation in the social sciences and their problems in attempting to ground them­ selves either in regard to logical positivism or phenomenology, refers us to the perspective of Merleau-Ponty concerning the relationship of cognition and experience.

Abstract: Preface -- 1 Some Common Types of Investigation -- 2 Measurement -- 3 Some Simple Descriptive Statistics -- 4 Elementary Sampling Theory -- 5 Elementary Concepts of Probability -- 6 Contingency Tables and Tests of Association -- 7 Correlation and Regression -- 8 Simple Tests of Significance -- 9 Analysis of Variance -- 10 Recording Data on Punch Cards -- Appendix 1 The Normal Distribution Function -- References.

Abstract: For many years now I have been required to give a series of elementary lectures on statistics to medical students about to undertake a postgraduate course in psychiatry. The declared aim of the course, for which very limited time was available, was to provide the students with some initial understanding of the statistical terminology and elementary techniques to which other teachers, in particular psychologists and sociologists, would be likely to refer in the course of their lectures. The task was tricky for two reasons. In the first place most of the students involved, despite their best intentions, had forgotten their school mathematics, and secondly no textbook existed at the right level of difficulty which contained examples appropriate to these students' needs and experience. The present book was written to fill the gap. Though pri­ marily intended for psychiatrists, the book should prove very useful to any student of the behavioural sciences who wants a simple introductory course on the principles of experimental design and data analysis. It must be one of the simplest text­ books on elementary statistics ever written. I am indebted to the literary executor of the late Sir Ronald A. Fisher, F.R.S., to Dr Frank Yates, F.R.S., and to Oliver & Boyd Ltd for permission to reprint Tables 3 and 5 from their book Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research.

Abstract: One: The Elements of Knowledge -- I. The Nature of Transcendental Philosophy -- II. Kant’s Analytic-Synthetic Distinction Is Different from Ours -- III. An Interpretation of Kant’s Distinction -- IV. Kant’s Copernican Revolution -- Two: Transcendental Elements in Rationalism -- I. The Method of Clear and Distinct Ideas -- II. Spinoza’s Contribution to the Aesthetic -- Three: Genesis of a Theory of Reference -- I. Sensibility and Understanding -- II. Historical Motives for Kant’s Distinction -- III. From “Tractarian” to Critical Views About Representation -- Four: Terminology in the Aesthetic -- I. The Ethics of Terminology -- II. Intuitions as Singular Concepts -- III. Intuitions as Forms and as Conditions -- Five: Arguments in the Aesthetic -- I. Kant’s Strategy -- II. Space as an a priori Representation -- III. Space as an Intuitive Representation -- IV. Forms of Intuition in Formal and Transcendental Logic -- Appendix: Logical form in Critical Philosophy -- Index of Names.

Abstract: Inleiding / Introduction -- Kempo Thessaliensis, De Gloriosa Virgine Maria, Alkmaar, Johannes Haghen Daventriensis, CA. 1518, [NK 1276-NATI, 6] -- Wandelinghe Der Kersten Menschen Amsterdam, Hugo Jansz Van Woerden, 1506 [Nk 2198-Nat, II 10] -- Het Evangelie Van Mattheus Amsterdam, Doen Pietersz, 1522 [Nk 369-Nat I, 1] -- Alardus Amstelredamus, Ritus Edendi Paschalis Agni Amsterdam, Doen Pietersz, 1523 [Nk 57-Nat IV, 15] -- Statuta Jurisdictionis Kennemarie Amsterdam, Peter Jansz Tyebout, 1527 [Nk 1951-Nat I, I en 2] -- Die Kaert Vander Zee (Met Het Waterrecht Van Wisby) Amsterdam, Jan Seversz Die Croepel, 1532 [Nk 3290 & 4085-Nat 11, 1] -- Den Herbarius in Dietsche Antwerpen, Govaert Bac, 1511 [Nk 1049-Nat I, 4] -- Ludolphus De Saxonia, Dit Es Dleven Ons Liefs Heeren Ihesu Cristi Antwerpen, Henrick Eckert Van Homberch, 1503 [Nk 1407-Nat I, 4 En VIII, 26] -- Der Zielen Troost Antwerpen, Adriaen Van Berghen, 1509 [Nk 2084-Nat II, 2] -- Heynric Herp, Groote Ende Nieuwe Spieghel Der Volcomenheit Antwerpen, Weduwe Roelant Van Den Dorpe, 1501 [Nk 1062-Nat I, 4] -- Cronike Van Brabant Antwerpen, Jan Van Doesborch, 1530 [Nk 654-Nat IX, 27] -- Het Nieuw Testament Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, 20 Sept. 1529 [NK 396-NAT V, II] -- Det Ny Testamente Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, 1529 [Nk 412-Nat, Impressions Danoises, Ii, 5] -- Die Wonderlijcke Oorloghen Van Maximiliaen Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, CA. 1531 [NK 1626-NATt XXXV, 215] -- Ulenspieghel Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, CA. 1519 [NK 2088-NAT XXIV, 102] -- Joannes Ludovicus Vives, De Concordia & Discordia in Humano Genere Ad Carolum V Caesarem Libri Quattuor Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1529 [NK 2163-NAT XIII, 49] -- De Triumphelicke Ghereeschappen Ende Ordinancie Vander Incomste Der Keyserliker Maiesteyt Carolo V in De Stadt Van Napels… Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1536 [NK 1163-NAT XIX, 85 (= 84)] -- Jason Pratensis, De Tuenda Sanitate Libri Quatuor Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1538 [NK 1753-NAT XII, 45] -- Coustumes & Usaiges De … Vallenchiennes Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten Voor Jehan Pissart, Bergen, 1540 [NK 633-NAT VI, 23] -- Bernardus Lutzenburgensis, Compendium Sermocionatorium in Preconio Dive Anne Genitricis Marie… Antwerpen, Jan Lettersnijder, CA. 1506 [NK 296-NAT II, 6] -- Johannes De Ketham, Fasciculus Medicine Antwerpen, Claes De Grave, 1512 [NK 1223-Nat V, II] -- Maximiliaan I, Houtsneden Antwerpen, Jan De Gheet, 1515 [NK 1505 EN 3509-NAT IV, 4] -- Novum Testamentum Antwerpen, Jan Thibault, 1525 [NK 341-NAT III, 10–13] -- Dat Nieuwe Testament Antwerpen, Jan Van Ghelen, 1525 [NK 383-NAT III, 22] -- Souterliedekens Antwerpen, Symon Cock, 1540 [NK 1918-NAT IX, 34] -- Den Bijbel Antwerpen, Jacob Van Liesvelt, 6 September 1526 [NK 386-NAT IV, 20] -- Anna Bijns, Dit Is Een Schoon Ende Suuverlijc Boecxken Inhoudende Veel Scoone Constige Refereinen… Antwerpen, Jacob Van Liesvelt, 1528 [NK 423-NAT VIII, 44] -- Den Bijbel Antwerpen, Hansken Van Liesvelt, 1538 [NK 409] -- Missale Traiectense Antwerpen, Christoffel Van Ruremund Voor Willem Vorsterman En Govaart Van Der Haghen, 1527 [NK I53O-NAT C.V.R.I.] -- Nieuw Testament Antwerpen, Hans Van Ruremund, 1525 [NK 381-NAT, II, 8 EN III, 19] -- La Saincte Bible En Francoys Translatee Selon La Pure & Entière Traduction De Sainct Hierome…Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser, 1534, [NK 419-NAT XI, 54] -- La Saincte Bible En Francoys Translatee Selon La Pure & Entière Traduction De Sainct Hierome…Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser, 1534 [NK 419-NAT XII, 55] -- Oud En Nieuw Testament, Antwerpen, H. Peetersen Van Middelburg, 1535, [NK 407-NAT VI, 23] -- Gemma Phrysius, De Principiis Astronomiae Et Cosmographiae, Antwerpen, Joannes Grapheus, 1530, [NK 97I-NAT II, 6] -- Johannes Servilius, Lexicon Graeco-Latinum, Antwerpen, J. Grapheus Voor J. Steels, 1540, [NK 1900-NAT II, 6] -- Hans Holbein De Jonge, Historiarum Veteris Instrumenti Icones, Antwerpen, J. Steels, 1540, [NK 1103-NAT SUPP. III, 7, 8, 9] -- Urbanus Regius, Dialogus Van De Prekingile Die Christus Den Twee Discipelen Dede, Tot Emaus Gaende Op Den Paesdach Antwerpen?, Niclaes Van Oldenborch, 1538 [NK I789-NAT I, 2 EN 5] -- Guilielmus De Branteghem, Jesu Christi Vita Antwerpen, Mattheus Crom, 1537 [NK 486-NAT I, 2] -- Eusebius Caesariensis, Die Historie Die Men Heet Ecclesiastica… Antwerpen, Govaert Van Der Haghen, 1534 [Nk 883-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, II, 8] -- S. Bonaventura, De Verweckinghe Der Godlijcker Liefden Antwerpen, Goris De Bonte, 1535 [nk 470-nat, derniers imprimeurs, I, 6] -- Gemma Phrysius, Arithmeticae Practicae Methodus Facilis Antwerpen, Gillis Coppens Van Diest, 1540 [Nk 970-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 24] -- Christianus Massaeus, Chronicorum Libri Xx Antwerpen, Joannes Crinitus, 1540 [Nk I500-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 25] -- Cornelius Scribonius Grapheus, Pacis Inter Carolum v et Franciscum i Descriptio Antwerpen, Joannes Coccius, 1540 [NK 1023-nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 27] -- Evangelia Et Epistolae, Breviusculis Qui B Usd A M Hermanni Torrentini Scholiis illustrata Antwerpen, Anthonis Van Der Haghen, 1540 [NK 897-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VIII, 32–33] -- Rosarium Mysticum Animae Fidelis Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser amp; Willem Vorsterman, 1535 [NK 1807] -- Martin Luther, Die Epistel Van S. Pauwels tot die galaten… Uutgeleyt DooreenengEleerdenende Christelicken Man Antwerpen, Jan Hillen Van Hoochstraten, ca. 1526 [NK 1433-Nat I, 8] -- Cornelis Van Baersdorp, Methodus Universae Artis Medicae Brugge, Hubert De Croock, 1538 [NK 163-Nat IV, 17] -- Magninus Mediolanensis Tregement der Ghesontheyt Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, 1514 [NK 1453-Nat II, 4] -- Uit: Tbouck Van Wondre, 1513 Drukkersmerk Van Thomas Vander Noot [NK 433-cf. Nat III, 6] -- Den Spieghel der Behoudenessen Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, CA. 1508? [NK 1929-Nat V, 9 -- TSCEP Vol Wonders Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, 1514 [NK 1875-Nat 1,2] -- Litterae Confraternitatis AO 1516 Volkerus, Prior B. Marie de Bethleem in Wateringen [NK 4412] -- Johannes Eckiusj Declaracie Teghen Zommighe Articulen der Lutherane N Delft, Cornelis Henricsz Lettersnyder, 1527 [NK 752-Nat VIII, 36] -- Martinus De Gouda, Compendium Latini Ideomatis Den Hem, Regulieren, 1509 [NK 3503-NAT SUPP. IV, 37] -- Historie Van Sinte Anna, Vertaald Door Wouter Bor Deventer, Richard Pafraet, 1509 [NK 1082, Deperditu M—Nat Borne 1, 1] -- Johannes Reuchlin, Sergius Vel Capitis Caput Deventer, Jacob Van Breda, 1509 [NK 1796-Nat I, 10] -- Nocturnus Septimus Psalmorum Daviticorum Deventer, Jacob van Breda, CA. 1215 [NK 1600-Nat I, 3] -- S. Hieronymus, Epistolae de Fructu Laboris et Periculis Ocii Deventer, Theod. de Borne, CA. 1515 [NK 1073-Nat IV, 14] -- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Paradoxorum Libellus Deventer, Theod. de Borne, 1519 [NK 570-Nat I, I] -- Ordinarius Congregationis Wyndesemensis Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1521 [Nk 1649-Nat Iv, 16] -- Publius Terentius Afer, Andria Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1525 [Nk 1983-Nat Iv, 19] -- Nieuw Testament Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1525 [Nk 382-Nat Ix, 45] -- Junius Juvenalis, Satyra Octava Deventer, Wessel Zuseler, 1523 [Nk 1243-Nat I, 2] -- Henricus Bebel, De Romanorum Magistratibus Gent, Pieter De Keysere, 1521 [Nk 260-Nat II, 4] -- Johannes Despauterius, De Figuris Liber Gent, Pieter De Keysere, 1520 [Nk 2761-Nat III, 9] -- Robertus Gropretius, Regimen Sanitatis Gent, Joos Lambrecht, 1538 [Nk 3128-Nat II, 4] -- Breviarium Trajectense Gouda, Collaciebroeders, 1508 [Nk 4 94—Nat VII, 69] -- Q. Horatius Flaccus, Sermonum Libri Duo’S-Hertogenbosch, Laurens Hayen, 1521 [Nk II37-Nat I, 1] -- Regula Et Institutiones Seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Cum Nonnullis Privilegiis ’S-Hertogenbosch, Laurens Hayen, Ca. 1509–1510 [Nk 3 79 0—N At III, II] -- R. Langius, Carmen In Horas Dominicas’S-Hertogenbosch, Fratres Domus S. Gregorii, 1526 [Nk 1314-Nat I, 1] -- G. Macropedius, Andrisca Fabula Lepidissima ’S-Hertogenbosch, Gerard Van Der Hatart, 1538 [Nk 1444-Nat Ii, 8] -- P. Vergilius Maro, Georgica Cum Argumentis Modestini ’S-Hertogenbosch, Jan Van Turnhout, 1530 [Nk 4049-Nat S Up P. I, 1] -- Sybe Jarichs, Een Corte Cronike Kampen, Jan Evertsz., 1536 [Nk 1196-Nat I, 1] -- Rhenanus Uzichius, In Exceptionem Zutphaniensem Etc. Panegyricus Kampen, Jan Petersz., 1538 [Nk 38Oi-Nat Supp. Ii, 5] -- Cornelius Aurelius, Cronycke Van Hollandt, Zeelandtende Vrieslant Leiden, Jan Severszoon, 1517 [Nk 613] -- Legende Van S. Katherina Vander Seyn Leiden, Jan Severszoon, Voor 1509? [Nk 1338-Nat Xi, 32] Sonderlinghe Deuote Oeffeninghe Der Passien Ons Heren Op Den Pater Noster Ghedeclareert … Leiden, Peter Janszoon, Z.J. [Nk 1618-1619-Nat 1,1] -- Breviarium Traiectense Leiden, Jan Severszoon, 1508 [Nk 493-Nat I, I] -- Almanach Voor Den Iare 1540 … Leiden, Peter Claeszoon Van Balen, 1539 [Nk 2300] -- Plutarchus, Apophthegmata Leuven, Dirk Martens, 1521 [Nk I74I-Nat VIII, 27] -- Adrianus Florentii Epistola Ad Facultatem Theologiae Lovaniensem. Condemnationes Doctrin Ae M. Luthe Ri A T...

Abstract: Introductory Notes -- I The World of Shapes, Colours and Sounds in Direct Aesthetic Evaluations -- 1 Interpretation in Aesthetic Experiences -- 2 Sensory Qualities -- 3 Configurations in Space or Time Not Based on Qualitative Relations -- 4 Configurations of Colours and Spatial Forms -- 5 The Organization of Tones in Music -- 6 The Appearance of Real Objects -- II On Arts Reproducing Reality -- 7 Two Realities in Art -- 8 The Problem of Realism -- 9 The Mode of Interpreting Content and Relation to a Preconceived Theme -- 10 The Direct Beauty of the Reproducing Object -- 11 The Value of Reality Reproduced -- 12 Symbolic Art -- 13 “Harmony of Content and Form” -- III The Problem of Expression -- 14 Expressive Signs -- 15 Aesthetic Value and the Expressing of Psychic States -- 16 Two Concepts of Expression in Aesthetics -- IV The Foundations of Aesthetics -- 17 Nature and Art -- 18 What are Aesthetic Experiences? -- 19 Beauty and Creativeness -- 20 Art and Culture -- Supplement 1 On Subjectivism in Aesthetics -- Supplement 2 On Research Concerning the Origin of Art Artistic Creativeness and Sexual Life -- Supplement 3 The Role of the Social Milieu in Shaping of Public Reactions to Works of Art -- Supplement 4 The Educational Potentialities of Artistic Creativeness -- Index of Names -- List of Illustrations.

Abstract: This translation was made from the third edition of The Foundations of Aesthetics as prepared by the author (I ed. 1933. II ed. 1949. III ed. 1957. IV ed. in Works 1966). Some parts of the text were deleted from this translation such as references to examples which could not be understood by non-Polish readers (e.g. reminiscences about famous theatrical interpretations. theatrical productions dating back many years or references to literary characters which serve as specific examples in the consciousness of readers of Polish literature). Names and works of Polish authors cited in the text have been supplemented by brief information notes (the numbers referring to these footnotes have been differentiated by block parentheses). In the block parentheses in the author's footnotes the latest editions are given. Illustrations at the end of the book have been placed according to the order in which they would best serve to analyze the various topics. IX STANISLAW OSSOWSKI'S CONCEPTION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES The Foundation of Aesthetics is the first major work by Stanislaw Ossowski. Ossowski is well known to the English reader for his socio­ logical works, and especially for his book Class Structure in Social Consciousness and the majority of his works deal with various theoretical and methodological problems of sociology. It should be stressed here, that the book in the field of aesthetics constitutes a turning point in his biography. in the process of changing his focus of interest from logic to sociology.

Abstract: (Volume Two) -- A. Anthropology. The soul § 388 -- a. The natural soul § 391 -- b. The feeling soul § 403 -- c. The actual soul § 411 -- Notes -- Index to the Text -- Index to the Notes.

Abstract: I Profit and Power -- II Representative Thought and National Policy -- III Economic Relations and the Sources of Tension in the First Half of the Century -- IV War in Embryo -- V The First Dutch War -- VI Prudent Idealism: an Interlude (1654-60) -- VII Foreign Trade and Domestic Politics at the Restoration -- VIII The Colonial Prelude and the Approach of the Second Dutch War -- IX A War of Tradesmen -- X Conclusion -- A List of the Principal Sources Consulted.

Abstract: Historical explanations need to keep step with the march of research if they are not to degenerate into empty cliches. It has long been a commonplace of 17th century history that the Anglo-Dutch Wars were the product of 'commercial rivalry'. This essay, first published twenty years ago, attempted to analyse and redefine this overworked traditional concept so as to explain more precisely how it led to naval wars between the Dutch and the English. Two idees fixes of contemporary English thought seemed especially significant; one was the persistent consciousness of English inferiority and backwardness in economic affairs when compared with the Dutch; the other, compounding this, was the equally persistent conviction that strategically, England seemed well placed to wreck the Dutch maritime economy and bring the Republic to her knees in a naval war. These obsessive beliefs combined naturally with the specific influences and motives of powerful political and commercial lobbies to stoke the fires of aggression. Failing over several decades to make any visible progress by more or less peaceful policies, they turned, first, to economic warfare by means of propaganda and pseudo-legal claims to maritime sovereignty; finally (in 1652) to all-out eco­ nomic and naval warfare.

Abstract: 1 The Morphology of Barley; the Vegetative Phase -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The quiescent barley grain -- 1.3 Changes in the germinating grain -- 1.4 The growth of the stem and leaves -- 1.5 The root system -- 1.6 Plant morphology and lodging -- References -- 2 The Morphology of the Reproductive Parts in Barley -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The development of the ear -- 2.3 Variations in the form of grains -- 2.4 The ear -- 2.5 Some implications of the wide variety of forms of barley -- References -- 3 The Origin and Classification of Barleys -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classifications of barleys -- 3.3 The position of barley within the Gramineae -- 3.4 The origin of cultivated barley -- References -- 4 The Biochemistry of Barley -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbohydrates -- 4.3 The glycolytic sequence, the pentose phosphate shunt and the tricarboxylic acid cycle -- 4.4 Barley lipids -- 4.5 Photosynthesis and photorespiration -- 4.6 The formation of porphyrins -- 4.7 Phenolic and aromatic substances -- 4.8 Amino acid metabolism -- 4.9 The metabolism of some amines -- 4.10 Nucleic acids, and some other nitrogenous substances -- 4.11 Barley proteins -- References -- 5 Grain Quality and Germination -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sampling tests with small numbers of grains -- 5.3 Grain evaluation -- 5.4 The penetration of water, and other substances, into grain -- 5.5 Testing for grain germinability -- 5.6 Vigour -- 5.7 Dormancy -- 5.8 The gas exchange of germinating grains -- 5.9 The chemical composition of the quiescent grain -- 5.10 Biochemical changes in germinating grain -- 5.11 Embryo culture in vitro -- 5.12 The mobilization of the endosperm reserves -- References -- 6 The Growth of the Barley Plant -- 6.1 The description of growth -- 6.2 Sequential changes in the growth of the plant -- 6.3 The composition of the growing plant -- 6.4 The composition of the growing grain -- 6.5 Root growth -- 6.6 Water supplies -- 6.7 Water stress -- 6.8 Mineral requirements -- 6.9 The uptake and release of substances by roots -- 6.10 Coleoptile growth and gravity perception -- 6.11 Leaf unrolling and greening -- 6.12 Leaf senescence -- 6.13 Growth regulation -- 6.14 Temperature and growth -- 6.15 Cold hardiness -- 6.16 Vernalization -- 6.17 Some effects of light -- 6.18 Some factors that control yield -- References -- 7 Agricultural Practices and Yield -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Soil preparation -- 7.3 The choice of seed; sowing -- 7.4 Nutrient supply and barley yield -- 7.5 Some chemical treatments -- 7.6 Damaging factors -- 7.7 Water supplies and yield -- 7.8 Barley as forage -- 7.9 Harvesting the grain -- 7.10 Actual and potential yields -- References -- 8 Production and Harvesting Machinery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Irrigation and drainage -- 8.3 Tillage -- 8.4 Sowing -- 8.5 Post-sowing treatments -- 8.6 Harvesting and threshing barley -- 8.7 Straw -- 8.8 Harvesting the whole plant -- 8.9 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Weeds, Pests and Diseases in the Growing Crop -- 9.1 Weeds and the need to control them -- 9.2 Weed control -- 9.3 The economics of weed control -- 9.4 Nematode pests -- 9.5 Molluscs -- 9.6 Birds and mammals -- 9.7 Insect and some other pests -- 9.8 Virus diseases of barley -- 9.9 Bacterial diseases -- 9.10 Fungal diseases -- 9.11 Some general considerations -- References -- 10 The Reception and Storage of Whole Plants and Grain. The Micro-organisms and Pests of Stored Grain -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Barley hay -- 10.3 Straw -- 10.4 Barley silage -- 10.5 Grain reception -- 10.6 Handling grain -- 10.7 Weighers -- 10.8 Cleaning and grading grain -- 10.9 Drying principles -- 10.10 Grain drying in practice -- 10.11 Grain storage facilities -- 10.12 Seed longevity and grain deterioration -- 10.13 Micro-organisms in grain -- 10.14 Insects and mites -- 10.15 The mites of stored grain -- 10.16 Insecticides and fumigants -- 10.17 Rodents and their control -- References -- 11 Barley Genetics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The inheritance of ‘distinct’ factors -- 11.3 Cytology and chromosome behaviour -- 11.4 Chromosomal abnormalities -- 11.5 Ploidy levels -- 11.6 Mutations and mutagenesis -- 11.7 The expression of some mutant and other genes -- 11.8 The genetics of complex characters -- References -- 12 Barley Improvement -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Plant introductions, and adapted forms -- 12.3 Plant selections -- 12.4 Mutation breeding -- 12.5 Hybridization -- 12.6 Crossing barley -- 12.7 The choice of parents -- 12.8 Selection sequences applied to hybrid progenies -- 12.9 Competition and ‘natural selection’ in barley -- 12.10 Breeding for quality -- 12.11 Some other objectives in breeding -- 12.12 Breeding for higher yields -- 12.13 The quantitative evaluation of parents -- 12.14 ‘Hybrid’ barley -- 12.15 Trial procedures -- 12.16 The multiplication of seed -- 12.17 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Some Actual and Potential Uses of Barley -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Barley grain; a source of starch and protein -- 13.3 Minor uses of straw -- 13.4 Straw in building -- 13.5 Animal bedding, litter, farmyard manure and compost -- 13.6 Soil protection, conditioning, or replacement -- 13.7 Some industrial uses of barley -- 13.8 Paper, cardboard and millboard -- References -- 14 Barley for Animal and Human Food -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The nutritional requirements of animals -- 14.3 Forage and hay -- 14.4 Silage -- 14.5 Barley straw -- 14.6 Barley grain -- 14.7 By-products for animal feed, derived from barley -- 14.8 Non-alcoholic beverages -- 14.9 Other potential feeding stuffs -- 14.10 The technology of preparing grain for food -- 14.11 Future uses of barley as food -- References -- 15 Malting -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The selection and acceptance of malting barley -- 15.3 Barley handling -- 15.4 Steeping -- 15.5 Germination equipment -- 15.6 Kilns and kilning -- 15.7 Malt analyses -- 15.8 Changes that occur in the malting grain -- References -- 16 Some Uses of Barley Malt -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Mashing -- 16.3 Some aspects of yeast metabolism -- 16.4 Malt extracts and barley syrups -- 16.5 Brewing beer -- 16.6 Malt vinegar -- 16.7 Distilled ‘potable spirits’ -- References.

Abstract: This book was written to provide an integrated account of barley, induding its cultivation, nature and uses. An attempt has been made to cut across the unjustified and obstructive divisions between pure science, applied science, technology, botany, biochemistry, agronomy, and so on. Limitations of space preclude the use of more illustrative material or references, or even complete accounts of various topics. However sufficient information is given to enable the reader to understand the general principles and to find his or her way readily into the literature to obtain further information. Emphasis has been placed on general principles rather than details. In becoming familiar with the literature one becomes acquainted with the effects of the cereal or religion, the English language and the development of agriculture and biochemistry. The comparison between 'parallel literatures' is often stimulating also. For example one is forced to conclude that many of the agricultural problems of poor 'seed vigour' would be overcome if seedsmen used the maltsters techniques for breaking dormancy and speeding 'post-harvest maturation'. Barley is the world's fourth most important cereal after wheat, rice, and maize. It is the most widely cultivated, being grown from the equator to 700N (Scandinavia), from the humid regions of Europe and Japan to the Saharan and Asiatic Oases, and from below sea level in Palestine to high up mountains in the Himalayas, E. Africa and S. America. Some­ where in the world it is being sown or harvested at every time of the year.

Abstract: 1 Introduction to the study of animal populations -- 1.1 POPULATION ESTIMATES -- 1.2 ERRORS AND CONFIDENCE -- 2 The sampling programme and the measurement and description of dispersion -- 2.1 PRELIMINARY SAMPLING -- 2.2 THE SAMPLING PROGRAMME -- 2.3 DISPERSION page -- 2.4 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING -- 2.5 PRESENCE OR ABSENCE SAMPLING -- 2.6 SAMPLING A FAUNA -- 2.7 BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF SAMPLING -- 3 Absolute population estimates using marking techniques -- 3.1 METHODS OF MARKING ANIMALS -- 3.2 CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS OF ESTIMATING POPULATION PARAMETERS -- 4 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat —air, plants, plant products and vertebrate hosts -- 4.1 SAMPLING FROM THE AIR -- 4.2 SAMPLING FROM PLANTS -- 4.3 SAMPLING FROM VERTEBRATE HOSTS -- 5 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat—soil and litter page -- 5.1 SAMPLING -- 5.2 MECHANICAL METHODS OF EXTRACTION -- 5.3 BEHAVIOURAL OR DYNAMIC METHODS -- 5.4 SUMMARY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE METHODS -- 6 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat — freshwater habitats -- 6.1 OPEN WATER -- 6.2 VEGETATION -- 6.3 BOTTOM FAUNA page -- 7 Relative methods of population measurement and the derivation of absolute estimates -- 7.1 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SIZE OF RELATIVE ESTIMATES -- 7.2 THE USES OF RELATIVE METHODS -- 7.3 RELATIVE METHODS-CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT -- 7.4 RELATIVE METHODS—TRAPPING -- 8 Estimates based on products and effects of insects -- 8.1 PRODUCTS -- 8.2 EFFECTS -- 9 Observational and experimental methods for the estimation of natality, mortality and dispersal -- 9.1 NATALITY -- 9.2 MORTALITY -- 9.3 DISPERSAL -- 10 The construction, description and analysis of age-specific life-tables -- 10.1 TYPES OF LIFE-TABLE AND THE BUDGET -- 10.2 THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUDGET -- 10.3 THE DESCRIPTION OF BUDGETS AND LIFE-TABLES -- 10.4 THE ANALYSIS OF LIFE-TABLE DATA -- 11 Age-grouping of insects, time-specific life-tables and predictive population models -- 11.1 AGE-GROUPING OF INSECTS -- 11.2 TIME-SPECIFIC LIFE TABLE AND SURVIVAL RATES -- 11.3 PREDICTIVE POPULATION MODELS -- 12 Systems analysis and modelling in ecology -- 12.1 TYPES OF SYSTEMS MODEL -- 12.2 ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION IN MODELS -- 12.3 DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODELS -- 12.4 DIFFERENCE AND DIFFERENTIAL MODELS -- 13 Diversity, species packing and habitat description -- 13.1 DIVERSITY -- 13.2 SPECIES PACKING -- 13.3 HABITATS -- 14 The estimation of productivity and the construction of energy budgets -- 14.1 ESTIMATION OF STANDING CROP -- 14.2 ESTIMATION OF ENERGY FLOW -- 14.3 THE ENERGY BUDGET, EFFICIENCIES AND TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS page -- 14.4 ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY AND TIME COST STRATEGIES -- Author Index -- General Index.

Abstract: the virtual impossibility of extracting the many different species from a habitat with equal efficiency by a single method (e.g. Nef, 1960). 1.1 Population estimates Population estimates can be classified into a number of different types; the most convenient classification is that adopted by Morris (1955), although he used the terms somewhat differently in a later paper (1960). 1.1.1 Absolute and related estimates The animal numbers may be expressed as a density per unit area of the ground of the habitat. Such estimates are given by nearest neighbour and related techniques (Chapter 2), marking and recapture (Chapter 3), by sampling a known fraction of the habitat (Chapter 4-6) and by removal sampling and random walk techniques (Chapter 7). Absolute population The number of animals per unit area (e.g. hectare, acre). It is almost impossible to construct a budget or to study mortality factors without the conversion of population estimates to absolute figures, for not only do insects often move from the plant to the soil at different developmental stages, but the amount of plant material is itself always changing. The importance of obtaining absolute estimates cannot be overemphasized.

Abstract: 1. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers -- 2. Mass Spectrometry -- 3. High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 4. Light Scattering in Synthetic Polymer Systems -- 5. Molecular Dimensions of Amorphous Polymers by Neutron Scattering -- 6. Recent Advances in the Study of Polymers by Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 7. Quantitative Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 8. Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces.

Abstract: Over two decades ago, !he term characterisation covered just those techniques which measured the properties of polymers in solution in order to determine molecular weight and size. The discoveries of stereoregular polymers and polymer crystals created the need for new and advanced techniques for characterising chain structures and bulk properties. Further demands for new and improved characterisation methods for bulk polymers have resulted from the recent development and exploitation of multi phase polymeric systems, such as polymer blends, block and graft copolymers, and polymer composites. Today, therefore, characterisation is a very important part of polymer science. The polymer chemist must know the chain length, chain microstructure and chain conformation of the polymers he or she has prepared, i. e. the determination of molecular properties. The scientist involved in exploiting polymers in such applications as plastics, elastomers, fibres, surface coatings and adhesives must be informed on the morphology and physical and mechanical behaviour of his or her products, i. e. the determination of bulk and surface properties and their dependence on molecular properties. The techniques required for these determinations now cover an extremely wide field. Our aim has been to review a number of techniques critically and in sufficient depth so that the present state and future potential of each technique may be judged by the reader. Three criteria were used in the selection of techniques. First, we wished to present new methods which have been developed actively in the polymer field during the past five years.

Abstract: 1 Early muscle development -- 1.1 Early stages of muscle fibre development -- 1.2 Lack of specialization of myotubes -- 1.3 The dependance of the structural integrity of the developing muscle fibres on innervation -- 2 Development of the motor nerves and their encounter with muscle fibres -- 2.1 Origin of motor nerve fibres and their growth into the periphery -- 2.2 Development of nerves and muscles and their interdependence -- 2.3 Development of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 2.4 Are nerve-muscle connections specified? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Development of the neuromuscular junction -- 3.1 Distribution of ACh receptors during early development -- 3.2 Stabilization of chemosensitivity at the neuromuscular junction -- 3.3 Development of the subneural apparatus -- 3.4 Formation of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 3.5 Changes of chemosensitivity outside the endplate -- 3.6 Maintenance of endplate chemosensitivity -- 3.7 Pattern of innervation of muscle fibres -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Differentiation of skeletal muscle fibres -- 4.1 The muscles of lower vertebrates and birds -- 4.2 Mammalian muscles -- 4.3 How is differentiation into different fibre types induced? -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 5 The effects of denervation on muscle fibre properties and the regulation of chemosensitivity -- 5.1 Morphological changes following denervation -- 5.2 Metabolic changes in denervated muscles -- 5.3 Changes in contractile properties of denervated muscle -- 5.4 Changes in electrical properties of the membrane on denervation -- 5.5 Changes of chemosensitivity at the endplate -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 6 Re-innervation of the muscle by its motor nerve -- 6.1 Nerve growth -- 6.2 Establishment of nerve-muscle connections by the regenerating nerve fibre -- 6.3 Maturation of the regenerated axon and recovery of the muscle -- 6.4 Effects of muscle on normal and regenerating motor nerve terminals -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 The mammalian motor unit -- 7.1 Specialization of motoneurones -- 7.2 Matching properties of different motoneurones to the muscle fibres they supply -- 7.3 Specialization of the vascular bed of slow and fast mammalian muscles -- 7.4 How is the matching of muscle fibres to their motoneurones brought about? -- 7.5 Development of the motor unit -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Plasticity in the neuromuscular system -- 8.1 Can different skeletal muscle fibres be transformed from one type to another? -- 8.2 Can the characteristic properties of neurones and their terminals be altered? -- 8.3 Specificity of nerve-muscle connections -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 Some examples of disturbances of nerve-muscle interactions -- 9.1 Disturbances caused by a change in the function of the motoneurone -- 9.2 Consequences of disease of the motoneurone, or axon -- 9.3 Disturbance due to disease of the neuromuscular junction -- 9.4 Disease of the muscle -- 9.5 Retrograde influences on the motoneurone -- References.

Abstract: In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

Abstract: I. Einleitung -- II. Zur Autonomie der Literaturwissenschaft -- A. Textbedeutungssuche als selbstverständliche Aufgabe der Literaturwissenschaft -- B. Umriß eines funktionalistischen Ansatzes -- C. Methodologische Konsequenzen einer rezeptionstheoretischen Orientierung -- D. Literaturwissenschaft als Wissenschaft von lliterarischen Texten? -- III. Literaturwissenschaft zwischen Text und Leser -- A. Hannelore Links paradigmatisches Programm einer überzeitlichen und methodenpluralistischen Literaturwissenschaft -- B. Wolfgang Isers Wirkungstheorie als Beispiel eines innerliterarischen Fragehorizonts -- IV. Anmerkungen -- V. Benutzte Literatur -- VI. Samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Abstract: I. The Early Stages Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries -- II. Instructors and Entertainers Fourteenth Century -- III. Rulers and Rhetoricians Fifteenth Century -- IV. Reformers and Humanists Sixteenth Century -- V. The Golden Age Seventeenth Century -- VI. Classicists and Romanticists Eighteenth Century -- VII. Moralists and Anti-Moralists Nineteenth Century -- VIII. The Modern Period Twentieth Century -- Select Bibliography.

Abstract: In any definition of terms, Dutch literature must be taken to mean all literature written in Dutch, thus excluding literature in Frisian, even though Friesland is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the same way as literature in Welsh would be excluded from a history of English literature. Simi­ larly, literature in Afrikaans (South African Dutch) falls outside the scope of this book, as Afrikaans from the moment of its birth out of seventeenth-century Dutch grew up independently and must be regarded as a language in its own right. . Dutc:h literature, then, is the literature written in Dutch as spoken in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the so-called Flemish part of the Kingdom of Belgium, that is the area north of the linguistic frontier which runs east-west through Belgium passing slightly south of Brussels. For the modern period this definition is clear anough, but for former times it needs some explanation. What do we mean, for example, when we use the term 'Dutch' for the medieval period? In the Middle Ages there was no standard Dutch language, and when the term 'Dutch' is used in a medieval context it is a kind of collective word indicating a number of different but closely related Frankish dialects. The most important of those were the dialects of the duchies of Limburg and Brabant, and of the counties of Flanders and Holland.

Abstract: 1.Introduction -- 2.Basic Oscillator Theory -- 3.Methods of Design -- 3.1.Experimental Method of Design -- 3.2.Y-Parameter Method of Design -- 3.3.Power Gain Method of Design -- 3.4.Nonlinear Modifications -- 4.Oscillator Frequency Stability -- 4.1.Temperature Effects of Frequency -- 4.2.Long-Term Frequency Drift -- 4.3.Short-Term Frequency Stability -- 5.Quartz Crystal Resonators -- 5.1.Load Capacitance -- 5.2.Pin-To-Pin Capacitance -- 5.3.Resistance -- 5.4.Rated or Test Drive Level -- 5.5.Frequency Stability -- 5.6.Finishing or Calibration Tolerance -- 5.7.Crystal Aging -- 5.8.Q and Stiffness of Crystals -- 5.9.Mechanical Overtone Crystals -- 5.10.Spurious or Unwanted Modes -- 5.11.Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration -- 5.12.Standard Military Crystals -- 5.13.Specifications and Standards -- 6.Discussion of Transistors -- 6.1.Transistor Equivalent Circuits -- 6.2.Y-Parameter Model -- 6.3.Hybrid ? Equivalent Circuit -- 6.4.Nonlinear Models -- 7.Oscillator Circuits -- 7.1.Pierce, Colpitis, and Clapp Oscillators -- 7.2.Pierce Oscillator -- 7.3.Colpitis Oscillator -- 7.4.Clapp Oscillator -- 7.5.Grounded-Base Oscillator -- 7.6.Gate Oscillators -- 7.7.Integrated-Circuit Oscillators -- 8.Preproduction Tests for Crystal Oscillators -- 9.Other Topics -- 9.1.Crystal Switches -- 9.2.Pullable Oscillators -- 9.3.Crystal Ovens -- 9.4.Squegging, Squelching, or Motorboating -- 9.5.Spurious Oscillations -- 10. Temperature Compensation -- 10.1.Analog Temperature Compensation -- 10.2.Hybrid Analog-Digital Compensation -- 10.3.Digital Temperature Compensation -- 10.4.Temperature Compensation with Microprocessors -- Appendix A Derivation of the Complex Equation for Oscillation -- Appendix B Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Pierce Oscillator -- Appendix C Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Grounded-Base Oscillator -- Appendix D Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Clapp Oscillator -- Appendix E Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Pierce Oscillator Analysis -- Appendix F Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Colpitts Oscillator -- Appendix G Large-Signal Transistor Parameters -- Appendix H Large-Signal Transistor Parameters with Emitter Degeneration -- Appendix I Nonlinear Analysis of the Colpitts Oscillator Based on the Principle of Harmonic Balance -- Appendix J Mathematical Development of the Sideband Level versus Phase Deviation Equation -- Appendix K Derivation of Crystal Equations -- Appendix L Sample Crystal Specification.

Abstract: Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega­ hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre­ quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore­ seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Roots of Abrasa -- 3. Nationalism, Cultural Mobilization, and the Emergence of Political Parties (1942–1948) -- 4. The Struggle for Power in the New Regime (1949–1954) -- 5. Verbroedering: Rejection and Approval (1955–1967) -- 6. Flying with a Clipped Wing (1967–1973) -- 7. The Struggle for Independence (1973–1975) -- 8. Conclusion.

Abstract: In the months immediately preceding Surinam's independence, November 25, 1975, warning signals went up on both sides of the Atlantic. This small, ethnically plural society was torn by severe political conflict. Elections in November 1973 had brought an end to political collaboration between Creoles and Hindustanis, the country's two largest ethnic groups; and the Creoles, now in control of the government, were resolutely pushing (over Hindustani opposition) to sever their colonial ties with the Netherlands. But defections from the Creole benches during the summer of 1975 had produced a virtual stalemate in the legislature, heightening fears that the government would act unilaterally. The failure of Creole and Hindustani leaders to resolve their differences led many observers in both the Netherlands and Surinam to predict a collapse of democracy and/or violent conflict once independence was proclaimed. Ironically, the dramatic, last-minute resolution of the struggle precipitated not only general jubilation and relief, but also self-congratulation, as the leaders of Surinam's multiethnic society, long priding themselves on achieve­ ments in harmonious understanding, pulled out all stops in their indepen­ dence day oratory. No-one could forget the nightmare of the preceding few years. But neither could anyone familiar with Surinam's historical develop­ ment flatly reject the rhetoric as being without some foundation. In fact, Surinam, while severely tested by the most complex multi-ethnic population in the Caribbean, does have a record of which she can be proud and which deserves to be more widely known.

Abstract: I. Irony -- A. Irony and the Concept in The Concept of Irony -- B. Irony as a Measurement and Tool in the Analysis of the Aesthetic Life-View -- II. Anxiety -- A. Anxiety in The Concept of Anxiety -- B. The Concept of Anxiety in Kierkegaard’s Other Writings -- C. The Idea of Anxiety. The Experience and Structure of Anxiety -- D. Attitudes toward Anxiety -- E. Anxiety and the Aesthetic Life-View -- III. Melancholy -- A. The Term “Melancholy” -- B. Melancholy in Either/Or -- C. Melancholy in Repetition and Stages -- D. Towards a Concept of Melancholy -- IV. Despair -- A. Preliminary Considerations -- B. Despair in Either/Or -- C. Despair in The Sickness Unto Death -- D. The Idea of Despair -- E. Despair and the Aesthetic Life-View -- V. The Moods and Subjectivity of the Young Aesthete Johannes -- A. Johannes’ Irony -- B. His Anxiety -- C. His Melancholy -- D. His Despair -- E. Dialetic of Moods in Johannes -- VI. The Dialectic of Moods -- A. Defining “Mood” -- B. The Crisis-Sequence -- C. Interrelationships -- D. Function of Moods in Emerging Religious Subjectivity -- E. Moods and Life-Views -- VII. From Victim to Master of Moods: Towards the Christian Life-View -- A. Preliminary Considerations -- B. Life-View in From the Papers of One Still Living -- C. Life-View in The Book on Adler -- D. Life-View in Either/Or, Stages and the Postscript -- E. Life-View in the Papirer -- F. The Meaning of Life-View -- G. The Aesthetic Life-View Exposed -- Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: Kierkegaard himself hardly requires introduction, but his thought con­ tinues to require explication due to its inherent complexity and its unusual method of presentation. Kierkegaard is deliberately un-systematic, anti-systematic, in the very age of the System. He made his point then, and it is not lost upon us today. But that must not deter us from assembling the fragments and viewing the whole. Kierkegaard's religious psychology in particular may finally have its impact and generate the discussion it deserves when its outlines and inter-locking elements are viewed together. Many approaches to his thought are possible, as a survey of the literature about him will readily reveal. ! The present study proceeds with the simple ambition of looking at Kierkegaard on his own terms, of thus putting aside biographical fascination or one's own personal religi­ ous situation. I understand the temptation of both, and have seen the dangers realized in Kierkegaard scholarship. In English-language Kier­ kegaard scholarship, we are now in a new phase, in which the entire corpus of Kierkegaard's authorship is at last viewed as a whole. We have passed the stages of "fad" and of under-formed. Almost all the corpus is available in English, or soon will be. Perhaps now Kierkegaard can be viewed, understood, and criticized dispassionately and objectively, not withstanding author Kierkegaard's personal horror of those adverbs. The present study hopes to make its contribution toward this goal.

Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 2 / Atomic Structure -- 3 / Aggregations of Atoms—The Fluid States -- 4 / Aggregations of Atoms—Solids -- 5 / Crystal Growth and Size -- 6 / Aggregations of Two Sorts of Atoms—Binary Alloys -- 7 / Equilibrium Diagrams -- 8 / The Iron-carbon System -- 9 / Thermal Energy -- 10 / The Deformation of Metal Single Crystals -- 11 / The Strengthening of Metals -- 12 / Mechanical Testing of Polycrystalline Materials -- 13 / Plastic Flow and Fracture -- 14 / Fatigue -- 15 / Creep -- 16 / Heat Treatment of Steel -- 17 / Alloy Steels -- 18 / Corrosion -- 19 / Welding -- 20 / Inorganic Non-metallic Materials -- 21 / Organic Materials -- 22 / Composites -- 23 / The Nucleus -- Appendix I—Some equilibrium diagrams of interest and importance -- Appendix II—Equilibrium and free energy -- Appendix III—SI units -- Answers to Numerical Questions.

Abstract: The engineering designer is always limited by the properties of available materials. Some properties are critically affected by variations in com­ position, in state or in testing conditions, while others are much less so. The engineer must know this if he is to make intelligent use of the data on properties of materials that he finds in handbooks and tables, and if he is to exploit successfully new materials as they become available. He can only be aware of these limitations if he understands how pro­ perties depend on structure at the atomic, molecular, microscopic and macroscopic levels. Inculcating this awareness is one of the chief aims of the book, which is based on a successful course designed to give university engineering students the necessary basic knowledge of these various levels. The material is equivalent to a course of about eighty to a hundred lectures. In the first part of the book the topics covered are mainly fundamental physics. The structure of the atom, considered in non-wave-mechanical terms, leads to the nature of interatomic forces and aggregations of atoms in the three forms-gases, liquids and solids. Sufficient crystallography is discussed to facilitate an understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the crystals. The band theory of solids is not included, but the basic concepts which form a preliminary to the theory-energy levels of electrons in an atom, Pauli's exclusion principle, and so on-are dealt with.

Abstract: I. Plato in Antiquity -- 1. Plato’s first successors -- 2. Aristotle and the older Peripatetics -- 3. New schools: Zeno, Epicurus, Pyrrho -- 4. The Academy as the school of uncertainty -- 5. Back to certainty -- 6. In Rome. Cicero -- 7. Contacts with the Old Testament -- 8. Across the boundaries of the schools -- 9. Before Plotinus -- 10. The first contacts with Christianity -- 11. Plotinus and the Neo-Platonists -- 12. The Christian Fathers -- 13. Ancient laudatory and calumnious legends on Plato -- 14. Interpretation, criticism, polemics -- 15. Other responses and effects -- II. Plato in the Middle Ages and in the New Age -- 16. Entry into the Middle Ages in the East -- 17. The West before the Renaissance -- 18. The beginning of the Italian Renaissance -- 19. Plato and Aristotle, contest and temporary reconciliation -- 20. Marsilio Ficino. The Florentin Academy -- 21. The diffusion of Renaissance Platonism -- 22. From Descartes to Kant -- 23. The age of the autocracy of reason -- 24. The new Humanism -- 25. Modern Platonic scholarship -- 26. Plato in modern philosophy -- 27. New translations. From science to literature -- 28. Plastic, graphic and mechanical arts. Music. Education -- 29. Life without end -- Name index -- Picture index.

Abstract: Plato's earthly life ended in the year 347 B. C. At the same time, however, began his posthumous life - a life of great influence and fame leaving its mark on aU eras of the history of European learning -lasting until present times. Plato's philosophy has taken root earlier or later in innumerable souls of others, it has matured and given birth to new ideas whose proliferation further dissemi­ nated the vital force of the original thoughts. It happened sometimes, of course, that by various interpretations different and sometimes altogether contradictory thoughts were deduced from one and the same Platonic doctrine: this possibility is also characteristic of Plato's genius. Even though in the history of Platonism there were times less active and creative, the continuity of its tradition has never been completely interrupted and where there was no growth and progress, at least that what had been once accepted has been kept alive. When enquiring into Plato's influence on the development of learning, we shall above all consider the individual approach of various personalities to Plato's philosophy, personal Platonism, which at its best concerns itself with the literary heritage of Plato and though accessible was not always much sought for.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Scope of book -- 1.3 Notation and definitions -- 2. Pipe and Channel Flow -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Laminar flow theory: channel -- 2.3 Laminar flow theory: pipe -- 2.4 The Reynolds number -- 2.5 The entry length -- 2.6 Transition to turbulent flow -- 2.7 Relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient -- 3. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Reynolds number -- 3.3 Flow patterns -- 3.4 Drag -- 4. Convection in Horizontal Layers -- 4.1 The configuration -- 4.2 Onset of motion -- 4.3 Flow regimes -- 5. Equations of Motion -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid particles and continuum mechanics -- 5.3 Eulerian and Langrangian co-ordinates -- 5.4 Continuity equation -- 5.5 The substantive derivative -- 5.6 The Navier—Stokes equation -- 5.7 Boundary conditions -- 5.8 Condition for incompressibility -- Appendix: Derivation of viscous term of dynamical equation -- 6. Further Basic Ideas -- 6.1 Streamlines, streamtubes, particle paths and streaklines -- 6.2 Computations for flow past a circular cylinder -- 6.3 The stream function -- 6.4 Vorticity -- 6.5 Vorticity equation -- 6.6 Circulation -- 7. Dynamical Similarity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Condition for dynamical similarity: Reynolds number -- 7.3 Dependent quantities -- 7.4 Other governing non-dimensional parameters -- 8. Low and High Reynolds Numbers -- 8.1 Physical significance of the Reynolds number -- 8.2 Low Reynolds number -- 8.3 High Reynolds number -- 9. Some Solutions of the Viscous Flow Equations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Poiseuille flow -- 9.3 Rotating Couette flow -- 9.4 Stokes flow past a sphere -- 9.5 Low Reynolds number flow past a cylinder -- 10. Inviscid Flow -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Kelvin circulation theorem -- 10.3 Irrotational motion -- 10.4 Bernoulli’s equation -- 10.5 Drag in inviscid flow: d’Alembert’s ‘paradox’ -- 10.6 Applications of Bernoulli’s equation -- 10.7 Some definitions -- 11. Boundary Layers and Related Topics -- 11.1 Boundary layer formation -- 11.2 The boundary layer approximation -- 11.3 Zero pressure gradient solution -- 11.4 Boundary layer separation -- 11.5 Drag on bluff bodies -- 11.6 Streamlining -- 11.7 Wakes -- 11.8 Jets -- 11.9 Momentum and energy in viscous flow -- 12. Lift -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Two-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.3 Three-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.4 Spinning bodies -- 13. Thermal Flows: Basic Equations and Concepts -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Equations of convection -- 13.3 Classification of convective flows -- 13.4 Forced convection -- 13.5 Flow with concentration variations (mass transfer) -- 14. Free Convection -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The governing non-dimensional parameters -- 14.3 The adiabatic temperature gradient -- 14.4 Free convection as a heat engine -- 14.5 Convection from a heated vertical surface -- 14.6 Thermal plumes -- 14.7 Convection in fluid layers -- Appendix: The Boussinesq approximation in free convection -- 15. Flow in Rotating Fluids -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Centrifugal and Coriolis forces -- 15.3 Geostrophic flow and the Taylor—Proud man theorem -- 15.4 Taylor columns -- 15.5 Ekman layers -- 15.6 Intrinsic stability and inertial waves -- 15.7 Rossby waves -- 15.8 Convection in a rotating annulus -- 16. Stratified Flow -- 16.1 Basic concepts -- 16.2 Blocking -- 16.3 Lee waves -- 16.4 Internal waves -- 16.5 Stratification and rotation -- 17. Instability Phenomena -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Surface tension instability of a liquid column -- 17.3 Convection due to internal heat generation -- 17.4 Convection due to surface tension variations -- 17.5 Instability of rotating Couette flow -- 17.6 Shear flow instability -- 18. The Theory of Hydro Dynamic Stability -- 18.1 The nature of linear stability theory -- 18.2 Onset of Bénard convection -- 18.3 Overstability -- 18.4 Rotating Couette flow -- 18.5 Boundary layer stability -- 19. Transition to Turbulence -- 19.1 Boundary layer transition -- 19.2 Transition in jets and other free shear flows -- 19.3 Pipe flow transition -- 20. Turbulence -- 20.1 The nature of turbulent motion -- 20.2 Introduction to the statistical description of turbulent motion -- 20.3 Formulation of the statistical description -- 20.4 Turbulence equations -- 20.5 Calculation methods -- 20.6 Interpretation of correlations -- 20.7 Spectra -- 20.8 The concept of eddies -- 21. Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Space correlations and the closure problem -- 21.3 Spectra and the energy cascade -- 21.4 Dynamical processes of the energy cascade -- 22. The Structure of Turbulent Flows -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Reynolds number similarity and self-preservation -- 22.3 Intermittency and entrainment -- 22.4 The structure of a turbulent wake -- 22.5 Turbulent motion near a wall -- 22.6 Large eddies in a boundary layer -- 22.7 The Coanda effect -- 22.8 Stratified shear flows -- 22.9 Reverse transition -- 23. Experimental Methods -- 23.1 General aspects of experimental fluid dynamics -- 23.2 Velocity measurement -- 23.3 Pressure and temperature measurement -- 23.4 Flow visualization -- 24. Practical Situations -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Cloud patterns -- 24.3 Waves in the atmospheric circulation -- 24.4 Continental drift and convection in the Earth’s mantle -- 24.5 Solar granulation -- 24.6 Effluent dispersal -- 24.7 Wind effects on structures -- 24.8 Boundary layer control: vortex generators -- 24.9 Fluidics -- 24.10 Undulatory swimming -- 24.11 Convection from the human body -- 24.12 The flight of a boomerang -- Notation -- Problems -- Bibliography and References.

Abstract: To classify a book as 'experimental' rather than 'theoretical' or as 'pure' rather than 'applied' is liable to imply umeal distinctions. Nevertheless, some Classification is necessary to teIl the potential reader whether the book is for him. In this spirit, this book may be said to treat fluid dynamies as a branch of physics, rather than as a branch of applied mathematics or of engineering. I have often heard expressions of the need for such a book, and certainly I have feIt it in my own teaching. I have written it primariIy for students of physics and of physics-based applied science, aIthough I hope others may find it useful. The book differs from existing 'fundamental' books in placing much greater emphasis on what we know through laboratory experiments and their physical interpretation and less on the mathe­ matieal formalism. It differs from existing 'applied' books in that the choice of topics has been made for the insight they give into the behaviour of fluids in motion rather than for their practical importance. There are differences also from many existing books on fluid dynamics in the branches treated, reflecting to some extent shifts of interest in reeent years. In particular, geophysical and astrophysical applications have prompted important fundamental developments in topics such as conveetion, stratified flow, and the dynamics of rotating fluids. These developments have hitherto been reflected in the contents of textbooks only to a limited extent.

Abstract: 1. The development of modem psychology, Dilthey’s decisive critique and his proposals for a reform (explanatory and descriptive psychology) -- 2. The reasons for the limited influence of Dilthey upon his contemporaries: the inadequacy of their understanding and the limits of his beginning -- 3. Task and significance of the Logical Investigations -- a) Critique of psychologism; the essence of irreal (ideal) objects and of irreal (ideal) truths -- b) Researching the correlation: ideal object — psychic lived experiencing (forming of sense) by means of essential description in the reflective attitude -- c) More precise characterization of the reflection decisive for phenomenology (step by step accomplishment of the reflection) -- d) Brentano as pioneer for research in internal experience — discovery of intentionality as the fundamental character of the psychic -- e) The further development of the thought of intentionality in the Logical Investigations. The productive character of consciousness. Transition from a purely descriptive psychology to an a priori (eidetic-intuitive) psychology and its significance for the theory of knowledge -- f) The consistent expansion and deepening of the question raised by the Logical Investigations. Showing the necessity of an epistemological grounding of a priori sciences by transcendental phenomenology — the science of transcendental subjectivity -- 4. Summarizing characterization of the new psychology -- Systematic Part -- 5. Delimiting phenomenological psychology: distinguishing it from the other socio-cultural sciences and from the natural sciences. Questioning the concepts, nature and mind -- 6. Necessity of the return to the pre-scientific experiential world and to the experience in which it is given (harmony of experience) -- 7. Classifying the sciences by a return to the experiental world. The systematic connection of the sciences, based upon the structural connection of the experiential world; idea of an all-inclusive science as science of the all-inclusive world-structure and of the concrete sciences which have as their theme the individual forms of experiential objects. Significance of the empty horizons -- 8. The science of the all-inclusive world-structure as a priori science -- 9. Seeing essences as genuine method for grasping the a priori -- a) Variation as the decisive step in the dissociation from the factual by fantasy — the eidos as the invariable -- b) Variation and alteration -- c) The moments of ideation: starting with an example (model); disclosure brought about by an open infinity of variants (optional-ness of the process of forming variants); overlapping coincidence of the formation of variants in a synthetic unity; grasping what agrees as the eidos -- d) Distinguishing between empirical generalization and ideation -- e) Bringing out the sequence of levels of genera and gaining the highest genera by variation of ideas — seeing of ideas without starting from experience -- f) Summarizing characterization of the seeing of essences -- 10. The method of intuitive universalization and of ideation as instruments toward gaining the universal structural concepts of a world taken without restriction by starting from the experiential world (“natural concept of the world”). Possibility of an articulation of the sciences of the world and establishment of the signification of the science of the mind -- 11. Characterizing the science of the natural concept of the world. Differentiating this concept of experience from the Kantian concept of experience. Space and time as the most universal structures of the world -- 12. Necessity of beginning with the experience of something singular, in which passive synthesis brings about unity -- 13. Distinguishing between self-sufficient and non-self-sufficient realities. Determination of real unity by means of causality -- 14. Order of realities in the world -- 15. Characterizing the psychophysical realities of the experiential world. Greater self-sufficiency of the corporeal vis-à-vis the psyche -- 16. The forms in which the mental makes its appearance in the experiential world. The specific character of the cultural object, which is determined in its being by a relation to a subject -- 17. Reduction to pure realities as substrates of exclusively real properties. Exclusion of irreal cultural senses -- 18. Opposition of the subjective and the objective in the attitude of the natural scientist -- 19. The true world in itself a necessary presumption -- 20. Objectivity demonstrable in intersubjective agreement. Normalcy and abnormalcy -- 21. Hierarchical structure of the psychic -- 22. Concept of physical reality as enduring substance of causal determinations -- 23. Physical causality as inductive. Uniqueness of psychic interweaving -- 24. The unity of the psychic -- 25. The idea of an all-inclusive science of nature. Dangers of the naturalistic prejudice -- 26. The subjective in the world as objective theme -- 27. The difficulty that the objective world is constituted by excluding the subjective, but that everything subjective itself belongs to the world -- 28. Carrying out the reflective turn of regard toward the subjective. The perception of physical things in the reflective attitude -- 29. Perceptual field — perceptual space -- 30. Spatial primal presence -- 31. Hyle — hyletic data as matter for intentional functions -- 32. Noticing givenness as I-related mode of givenness of the object -- 33. Objective temporality and temporality of the stream -- 34. Distinction between immanent and transcendent, real and irreal in perception. The object as irreal pole -- 35. Substrate-pole and property-pole. The positive significance of the empty horizon -- 36. The intentional object of perception -- 37. The phenomenological reduction as a method of disclosing the immanent -- 38. The access to pure subjectivity from external perception -- 39. Analysis of perception with regard to the perceiver himself -- 40. The problem of temporality: presenting — retention and protention (positional and quasi-positional modifications of perception and their significance for practical life) -- 41. Reflection upon the object-pole in the noematic attitude and reflection upon the I-pole as underlying it. All-inclusive synthesis of the I-pole. The I as pole of activities and habitualities -- 42. The I of primal institutions and of institutions which follow others. Identity of the I maintaining its convictions. The individuality of the I makes itself known in its decisions which are based upon convictions -- 43. The unity of the subject as monad — static and genetic investigation of the monad. Transition from the isolated monad to the totality of monads -- 44. Phenomenological psychology foundational both for the natural and for the personal exploration of the psyche and for the corresponding sciences -- 45. Retrospective sense-investigation -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: THE TEXT In the summer semester of 1925 in Freiburg, Edmund Husserl delivered a lecture course on phenomenological psychology, in 1926127 a course on the possibility of an intentional psychology, and in 1928 a course entitled "Intentional Psychology. " In preparing the critical edition of Phiinomeno­ logische Psychologie (Husserliana IX), I Walter Biemel presented the entire 1925 course as the main text and included as supplements significant excerpts from the two subsequent courses along with pertinent selections from various research manuscripts of Husserl. He also included as larger supplementary texts the final version and two of the three earlier drafts of Husserl's Encyclopedia Britannica article, "Phenomenology"2 (with critical comments and a proposed formulation of the Introduction and Part I of the second draft by Martin Heidegger3), and the text of Husserl's Amsterdam lecture, "Phenomenological Psychology," which was a further revision of the Britannica article. Only the main text of the 1925 lecture course (Husserliana IX, 1-234) is translated here. In preparing the German text for publication, Walter Biemel took as his basis Husserl's original lecture notes (handwritten in shorthand and I Hague: Nijhoff, 1962, 1968. The second impression, 1968, corrects a number of printing mistakes which occur in the 1962 impression. 2 English translation by Richard E. Palmer in Journal o{ the British Society {or Phenomenology, II (1971), 77-90. 3 Heidegger's part of the second draft is available in English as Martin Heidegger, "The Idea of Phenomenology," tr. John N. Deely and Joseph A.

Abstract: 1 The Rise of Frozen Foods -- 2 Refrigeration Technology -- 3 Freezing Vegetables -- 4 Freezing Fruits -- 5 Freezing Meats -- 6 Freezing Poultry -- 7 Freezing Fish -- 8 Freezing of Shellfish -- 9 Freezing of Dairy Products -- 10 Freezing of Egg Products -- 11 Precooked Frozen Foods -- 12 Packaging of Frozen Foods -- 13 Microbiology of Frozen Foods -- 14 The Nutritive Value of Frozen Foods -- 15 Quality Compliance and Assurance -- 16 Warehousing and Retail Cabinets.

Abstract: The remarkable growth of food technology in industry has been matched by an equal development of related educational programs in food science in colleges and universities in many countries. A vast and growing body of reference books is now available to profes­ sionals in the field. They have at their fingertips the current state of the art and knowledge in the various areas of specialization embraced by the food industry. For example, excellent reference books are available in the general area of food freezing. The Freezing Preservation of Foods by Tressler et al. is a four volume reference work which covers the subject in detail. Fundamentals of Food Freezing is a book written as a textbook. It repre­ sents the accumulated art and knowledge in the field of food freezing and draws upon the four volumes of The Freezing Preservation of Foods and the current literature in reference. This new textbook is designed as a unit of instruction in food freezing. As such, it is presented in 16 chapters. The total effect we have attempted to develop is a rounded overall presentation for the student. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of our many col­ laborators in preparing this text. These collaborators are identified in the list of contributors; to each, we are most deeply obliged. However, the undersigned are responsible for errors of omission or commission.

Abstract: 1 The English People and War in the Early Sixteenth Century -- 2 Holland’s Experience of War during the Revolt of the Netherlands -- 3 The Army Revolt of 1647 -- 4 Holland’s Financial Problems (1713–1733) and the Wars against Louis XIV -- 5 Municipal Government and the Burden of the Poor in South Holland during the Napoleonic Wars -- 6 The Sinews of War: The Role of Dutch Finance in European Politics (c. 1750–1815) -- 7 Britain and Blockade, 1780–1940 -- 8 Away from Impressment: The Idea of a Royal Naval Reserve, 1696–1859 -- 9 Problems of Defence in a Non-Belligerent Society: Military Service in the Netherlands during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 10 World War II and Social Class in Great Britain -- 11 The Second World War and Dutch Society: Continuity and Change.

Abstract: War has ever exercised a great appeal on men's minds. Oscar Wilde's witticism notwithstanding this fascination cannot be attri­ buted simply to the wicked character of war. The demonic forces released by war have caught the artistic imagination, while sages have reflected on the enigmatic readiness of each new generation to wage war, despite the destruction, disillusion and exhaustion that war is known to bring in its train. If there never was a good war and a bad peace why did armed conflicts recur with such distressing regularity? Was large-scale violence an intrinsic condition of Man? The answers given to such questions have differed widely: it has even been suggested that the states of war and peace are not as far removed from one another as is usually supposed. The causes of war and the interaction between war and society have long been the subject of philosophical enquiry and historical analysis. Accord­ ing to Thucydides no one was ever compelled to go to war; Cicero remarked how dumb were the laws in time of war, while Clausewitz's profound observation concerning the affinity between war and politics has become almost a commonplace. War being the severest test a society or state can experience historians have naturally been concerned to investigate their rela­ tionship.

Abstract: 1 The English People and War in the Early Sixteenth Century -- 2 Holland’s Experience of War during the Revolt of the Netherlands -- 3 The Army Revolt of 1647 -- 4 Holland’s Financial Problems (1713–1733) and the Wars against Louis XIV -- 5 Municipal Government and the Burden of the Poor in South Holland during the Napoleonic Wars -- 6 The Sinews of War: The Role of Dutch Finance in European Politics (c. 1750–1815) -- 7 Britain and Blockade, 1780–1940 -- 8 Away from Impressment: The Idea of a Royal Naval Reserve, 1696–1859 -- 9 Problems of Defence in a Non-Belligerent Society: Military Service in the Netherlands during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 10 World War II and Social Class in Great Britain -- 11 The Second World War and Dutch Society: Continuity and Change.

Abstract: War has ever exercised a great appeal on men's minds. Oscar Wilde's witticism notwithstanding this fascination cannot be attri­ buted simply to the wicked character of war. The demonic forces released by war have caught the artistic imagination, while sages have reflected on the enigmatic readiness of each new generation to wage war, despite the destruction, disillusion and exhaustion that war is known to bring in its train. If there never was a good war and a bad peace why did armed conflicts recur with such distressing regularity ? Was large-scale violence an intrinsic condition of Man? The answers given to such questions have differed widely: it has even been suggested that the states of war and peace are not as far removed from one another as is usually supposed. The causes of war and the interaction between war and society have long been the subject of philosophical enquiry and historical analysis. Accord­ ing to Thucydides no one was ever compelled to go to war; Cicero remarked how dumb were the laws in time of war, while Clausewitz's profound observation concerning the affinity between war and politics has become almost a commonplace. War being the severest test a society or state can experience historians have naturally been concerned to investigate their rela­ tionship.

Abstract: Introduction: The Dutch language -- 1. Pronunciation -- 2. Spelling -- 3. The plural -- 4. The articles and demonstratives -- 5. Personal pronouns. The verb -- 6. The verb (continued). Hebben and zijn. The imperative -- 7. Reading selections. The place of the verb -- 8. The adjective. Comparison -- 9. The object pronouns. Reflexives -- 10. Possessive and interrogative pronouns -- 11. Review of the pronouns. Reading selection -- 12. Numbers and dates. Currency and units of measurement -- 13. The verb, past and present perfect tenses (weak) -- 14. The verb, past and present perfect tenses (strong) -- 15. Some irregular verbs. The past perfect tense. Use of the tenses -- 16. The modal auxiliaries. Verb plus infinitive -- 17. The future tense. The present participle and infinitive -- 18. Review of verb forms. Reading selection -- 19. Separable prefixes -- 20. Conjunctions. Relative pronouns -- 21. Word order: The place of the verb -- 22. The word ER. Prepositional compounds -- 23. Diminutives -- 24. The passive voice -- 25. Reading: Prinsjesdag -- 26. Telling time -- 27. Idiomatic usages of some common verbs -- 28. Word formation and derivation -- 29. Reading: Gezichten, door Clare Lennart -- Appendix A: A list of the most useful strong and irregular verbs -- Appendix B: Key to the exercises -- Dutch-English vocabulary -- English-Dutch vocabulary.

Abstract: First edition This grammar arose from the need for a concise presentation of the essentials of the Dutch language which could be used both for independent home study and in groups or classes under formal instruction. With the former aim in mind, the explanations have been made as self-explanatory as possible, and a complete key to the exercises has been provided in an appendix. In the interest of simplicity and ease of reference and review, each grammatical topic is discussed as fully as practicable in one place, and an effort has been made to include only one major grammatical feature in any one chapter. But since a solid foundation can more effectively be achieved through study under trained supervision or with a native speaker of the language, the presentation has also been made adapt­ able to this type of study. The brief fill-in exercises in each lesson provide a model for any amount of drill, and the dialogues and readings included at irregular intervals as well as the review selec­ tions placed after every few chapters can provide the necessary added practice in supervised instruction. Help should in any case be sought with the pronunciation, the principal stumbling-block in the way of either independent or supervised study.

Abstract: Descriptive Psychology and the Human Studies -- Lived Experience, Understanding and Description -- Structure and Development in Psychic Life -- Psychology and Hermeneutics -- Understanding, Re-experiencing and Historical Interpretation -- Ideas concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology (1894) -- I: The Problem of a Psychological Foundation for the Human Studies -- II: Distinction between Explanatory and Descriptive Psychology -- III: Explanatory Psychology -- IV: Descriptive and Analytic Psychology -- V: Relationships between Explanatory Psychology and Descriptive Psychology -- VI: Possibility and Conditions of the Solution of the Task of a Descriptive Psychology -- VII: The Structure of Psychic Life -- VIII: The Development of Psychic Life -- IX: Study of the Differences of Psychic Life: The Individual -- Remark -- The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Expressions of Life -- I. Expressions of Life -- II. The Elementary Forms of Understanding -- III. Objective Spirit and Elementary Understanding -- IV. The Higher Forms of Understanding -- V. Projecting, Re-creating, Re-experiencing -- VI. Exegesis or Interpretation -- Appendices.

Abstract: Perhaps no philosopher has so fully explored the nature and conditions of historical understanding as Wilhelm Dilthey. His work, conceived overall as a Critique of Historical Reason and developed through his well-known theory of the human studies, provides concepts and methods still fruitful for those concerned with analyzing the human condition. Despite the increasing recognition of Dilthey's contributions, relati­ vely few of his writings have as yet appeared in English translation. It is therefore both timely and useful to have available here two works drawn from different phases in the development of his philosophy. The "Ideas Concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology" (1894), now translated into English for the first time, sets forth Dilthey's programma­ tic and methodological viewpoints through a descriptive psychology, while "The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Expressions of Life" (ca. 1910) is representative of his later hermeneutic approach to historical understanding. DESCRIPTIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE HUMAN STUDIES Dilthey presented the first mature statement of his theory of the human studies in volume one of his Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (Introduction to the Human Studies), published in 1883. He argued there that for the proper study of man and history we must eschew the metaphysical speculation of the absolute idealists while at the same time avoiding the scientistic reduction of positivism.

Abstract: Editor’s Introduction -- Review of Dr. E. Husserl’s Philosophy of Arithmetic. -- Husserl and Frege: A New Look at their Relationship -- A Reply to a Critic of my Refutation of Logical Psychologism -- The Paradox of Logical Psychologism: Husserl’s Way Out -- On the Question of Logical Method -- Husserl on the Apodictic Evidence of Ideal Laws -- Husserl’s Thesis of the Ideality of Meanings -- Husserl on Signification and Object -- The Logic of Parts and Wholes in Husserl’s Investigations -- Outlines of a Theory of “Essentially Occasional Expressions” -- Husserl’s Conception of a Purely Logical Grammar -- Husserl’s Conception of ‘The Grammatical’ and Contemporary Linguistics -- On Husserl’s Approach to Necessary Truth -- Husserl on Truth and Evidence -- The Task and the Significance of the Logical Investigations -- Suggestions for Further Reading.

Abstract: I Edmund Husserl's Logische Untersuchungen is, by any standard and also by nearly common consent, a great philosophical work. Within the phenom­ enological movement, it is generally recognised that the breakthrough to pure phenomenology - not merely to eidetic phenomenology, but also to transcendental phenomenology - was first made in these investiga­ tions. But in the context of philosophy of logic and also of theory of know­ ledge in general, these investigations took decisive steps forward. Amongst their major achievements generally recognised are of course: the final death-blow to psychologism as a theory of logic in the Prolegomena, a new conception of analyticity which vastly improves upon Kant's, a theory of meaning which is many-sided in scope and widely ramified in its appli­ cations, a conception of pure logical grammar that eventually became epoch-making, a powerful restatement of the conception of truth in terms of 'evidence' and a theory of knowledge in terms of the dynamic movement from empty intention to graduated fulfillment. There are many other detailed arguments, counter-arguments, conceptual distinctions and phenomenolo­ gical descriptions which deserve the utmost attention, examination and assimilation on the part of any serious investigator. With the publication of J. N. Findlay's English translation of the Untersuchungen, it is expected that this work will find its proper place in the curriculum of the graduate programs in philosophy in the English­ speaking world.

Abstract: On Sanctions -- Optimism, law and the state: a plea for the possibility of politics -- Les phénomènes d’inter-normativité -- Forms of dispute settlement in Mexico -- The problems of consistency in legal systems -- Legal consciousness as a research problem -- Access to the legal system and legal services research -- Two sociologies of law -- Comment -- Comment -- Comment -- List of authors.

Abstract: This is the first volume in a new series of European Yearbooks in Law and Sociology. As the Editorial Board we have considerable pleasure in being able to inaugurate this series, and to do so with a collection of articles from such distinguished contributors. For a number of years the need for a regular outlet for European work in law and sociology has been appreciated, and many individuals have co-operated in laying the foundations for this series. The we are preparatory work that was done has been most valuable. Equally delighted that the series is launched with the encouragement and backing of both the Research Committee on Sociology of Law of the International Sociological Association and the Institute of Sociology of Law for Europe. Indeed the current activities of the Research Committee and the recent establishment of the Institute, together with this series of Yearbooks, permit optimism that work in this field in Europe will progress and develop as never before. Whether this will happen does depend however, quite simply, on the nature of the research and writing that follows and the quality of work accomplished.

Abstract: Actions against Member States before the Court of Justice -- Actions against Community Institutions before the Court of Justice: Administrative Jurisdiction -- The application of Community law by national courts -- Division of competences between national courts and Court of Justice -- The Law applied by the Court of Justice -- Procedure before the Court of Justice.

Abstract: Where rights are conferred and duties imposed, where powers are exercised and obedience to rules of law required, judicial remedies are an absolute necessity. This statement was valid in 1969 when the first edition of this book appeared, it is even more so now. Though the political dynamism of the Communities has slackened, the number and effect of their legal rules is still growing. Practising lawyers need to be familiar with the possibilities for legal redress when rules of Community law are violated. But interest in the judicial remedies available in the European Communities is not confined to them alone. Many of the legal problems of the European Communities are problems which any supranational organization will encounter. Any student of international institutional law will benefit from a study of the judicial remedies available in the European Communities. Furthermore, the subject forms a fascinating branch of comparative law. Many of the solutions adopted in the European Communities can be regarded as resulting from a long development of administrative law.

Abstract: 1 Failure types, investigation and occurrences -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 System failure and component failure -- 1.3 Failure decisions -- 1.4 Failure classifications -- 1.5 Types of failure -- 1.6 Failure investigations -- 1.7 Failure case studies -- 1.8 Human factors in failure incidents -- 2 Causes of failure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Service failures -- 2.3 Fatigue -- 2.4 Excessive deformation -- 2.5 Wear -- 2.6 Corrosion -- 2.7 Blockage, sludges -- 2.8 Blockage in cooling systems -- 2.9 Design, manufacturing and assembly causes of failure -- 3 Fault detection sensors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Contaminant monitoring -- 3.3 Corrosion monitoring -- 3.4 Force monitoring -- 3.5 Gas leakage monitoring -- 3.6 Air pollution monitoring -- 3.7 Liquid contamination monitoring -- 3.8 Non-destructive testing techniques -- 3.9 Optical examination -- 3.10 Temperature sensing -- 3.11 Particle testing -- 3.12 Proximity monitors -- 3.13 Sound monitoring -- 3.14 Vibration transducers -- 3.15 Telemetry -- 4 Data processing and analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fourier analysis -- 4.3 Frequency analysis techniques -- 4.4 Derived functions -- 5 Vibration analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Vibration-simple harmonic motion concept -- 5.3 Vibration signature of active systems -- 5.4 Vibration monitoring equipment -- 5.5 System monitors and vibration limit detectors -- 5.6 Vibration monitoring experience -- 5.7 Critical vibration levels -- 6 Sound monitoring -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sound frequencies -- 6.3 Sound loudness measurement -- 6.4 Acoustic power -- 6.5 Sound measurement -- 6.6 Magnetic tape recorders -- 6.7 Sound level meters -- 6.8 Sound analysers -- 6.9 Sound signal data processing -- 6.10 Sound monitoring -- 7 Discrete frequencies -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Simple vibrations -- 7.3 Transverse vibrations of bars — approximate frequency calculations -- 7.4 More precise evaluations — overtones -- 7.5 Torsional oscillation of flywheel-bearing shafts -- 7.6 Belt drives -- 7.7 Whirling of marine line shafting -- 7.8 Gear excitation -- 7.9 Rolling element bearing -- 7.10 Blade vibration -- 7.11 Cam mechanism vibration -- 8 Contaminant analysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Contaminants in used lubricating oils -- 8.3 Carrier fluid degradation -- 8.4 Contaminant monitoring techniques (wear processes) -- 8.5 Oil degradation analysis -- 8.6 Abrasive particles in lubricating oil -- 8.7 Abrasive particles in bearings -- 8.8 Abrasive particles in hydraulic systems -- 8.9 Dissolved gas fault monitoring -- 9 SOAP and other contaminant monitoring techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Spectrometric oil analysis procedure -- 9.3 Magnetic chip detectors -- 9.4 ‘Ferrograph’ particle precipitation -- 9.5 STM control kit -- 9.6 Used oil blotter test -- 9.7 Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.8 Capacitative oil debris monitor -- 9.9 X-ray fluorescence detection of contamination (XRF) -- 9.10 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry -- 9.11 Particle classification -- 10 Performance trend monitoring -- 10.1 Primary monitoring - performance -- 10.2 Primary and secondary performance parameters -- 10.3 Performance trend analysis -- 10.4 Turbine gas path performance monitoring thermodynamics -- 10.5 Steam turbine performance analysis -- 10.6 Case studies in performance monitoring -- 10.7 Performance monitoring systems -- 11 Static testing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Visual testing -- 11.3 Liquid penetrant inspection -- 11.4 Thermal methods -- 11.5 X-ray photography -- 11.6 Sonics -- 11.7 Ultrasonics -- 11.8 Stress wave emission -- 11.9 Magnetic testing methods -- 11.10 Electrical NDT techniques -- 11.11 Eddy current testing -- 11.12 NDT selection -- 12 Monitoring systems in operation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Marine monitoring systems -- 12.3 Marine condition monitoring requirements -- 12.4 Marine diesel engine monitoring -- 12.5 Marine turbine monitoring systems -- 12.6 Shipboard vibration monitoring -- 12.7 Spectrometric oil analysis programme — marine -- 12.8 Monitoring integrity verification -- 12.9 Aircraft condition monitoring -- 12.10 Condition monitoring — generating plant -- 12.11 Automotive diagnostic equipment -- 12.12 Systematic fault monitor selection -- 13 Fault analysis planning and system availability -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Availability -- 13.3 Failure prediction/reliability assessment -- 13.4 Hazard rate curve -- 13.5 Complex system reliability — Monte Carlo simulation -- 13.6 Hazardous chemical plants — high integrity protective systems (HIPS) -- 14 Reliability/failure concepts -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Probability of reliability and failure -- 14.3 Failure pattern-exponential distribution -- 14.4 Load and strength — statistical distribution -- 14.5 Reliability assurance — BS 9000 system -- 15 Reliability data sources -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Systems Reliability Service (SRS) -- 15.3 Failure data -- 15.4 Environmental influences on instrument failure rates -- 15.5 Failure data—confidence level.

Abstract: Although the most sophisticated fault diagnosis and condition monitoring systems have their origin in the aerospace and nuclear energy industries, their use is by no means restricted to such areas of 'high technology'. Modern machinery in most industrial plants is now so complex and expensive that mechanics find it increas­ ingly difficult to detect failure by, for instance, recognising changes in sound 'signatures', and few plants can afford the luxury of regular 'stripping down'. Increasingly, therefore, eady-warning devices are being employed in an effort to prevent catastrophic breakdown. This book provides the first co-ordinated compilation of fault diagnosis and con­ dition monitoring devices. It proceeds in three logical steps. The eady chapters deal with those conditions which contribute to deterioration and the consequent likely development of faults. The middle part of the book considers the various tech­ niques of monitoring and discusses the criteria for their selection in different situ­ ations. The final chapters provide a guide to the interpretation of the information signals deriving from monitoring, relating to reliability science and the mathematics of probability, and thus providing decision data on which management can act.

Abstract: I. Logic and the Forgetfulness of Being -- II. The Foundation and Limitation of Logic -- III. Heideggers “Attack” on Logic: The Nothing -- IV. Logic versus Authentic Thought -- V. Symbolic Logic: Its Development and Relation to Technicity -- VI. Logos and Language: The Overcoming of Technicity -- Conclusion.

Abstract: Since his inaugural lecture at Freiburg in 1929 in which Heidegger delivered his most celebrated salvo against logic, he has frequently been portrayed as an anti-logician, a classic example of the obscurity resultant upon a rejection of the discipline of logic, a champion of the irrational, and a variety of similar things. Because many of Heidegger's statements on logic are polemical in tone, there has been no little misunderstanding of his position in regard to logic, and a great deal of distortion of it. All too frequently the position which is attacked as Heidegger's is a barely recognizable caricature of it. Heidegger has, from the very beginning of his career, written and said much on logic. Strangely enough, in view of all that he has said, his critique of logic has not been singled out as the subject of any of the longer, more detailed studies on the various aspects of his thought.

Abstract: I: Mozart -- I. Le nozze di Figaro: Musical Quotation as a Dramatic Device -- 2. Le nozze di Figaro: Social Tensions -- 3. Don Giovanni: Musical Affinities and Dramatic Structure -- 4. Don Giovanni: An Interpretation -- 5. Così fan tutte: Dramatic Irony -- 6. Semantics of Orchestration -- II: Verd -- 7. Otello: Drama through Structure -- 8. The Musical Figure of Death -- 9. Simon Boccanegra: One Plot, Two Dramas -- 10. Ritual Scenes -- 11. The Notorious Cabaletta -- 12. Don Carlos: The Signifier and the Signified -- Appendices -- I. Semiotic Devices in Musical Drama -- II. The Orchestration of Separate Items in Mozart’s Operas -- Boito.

Abstract: The studies collected in this volume deal with the interpretation of opera. In most cases the results are based on structural analysis, a concept which may require some clarification in this context. During the past de­ cade 'structure' and 'structural' have become particularly fashionable terms lacking exact denotation and used for the most divergent purposes. As employed here, structural analysis is concerned with such concepts as 'relationship', 'coherence' and 'continuity', more or less in contrast to formal analysis which deals with measurable material. In other words, I have analysed the structure of an opera by seeking and examining factors in the musico-dramatic process, whereas analysts of form are generally preoccupied with the study of elements contained in the musical object. Though admittedly artificial, the dichotomy of form and structure may elucidate the present situation with regard to the study of opera. Today, nearly one hundred years after the death of Wagner, the proclaimed anti­ thesis of Oper und Drama is generally taken for what it really was: a means to propagate the philosophy of its inventor. The conception of opera (whether 'continuous' or composed of 'numbers') as a special form of drama is no longer contested. Nevertheless musical scholarship has failed to draw the consequences from this view and few scholars realize the need to study general theory of drama and more specifically the dramatic experience.

Abstract: Preface -- Notation Frequently Used -- 1. Introduction -- I. Hilbert Space -- 2. Inner Product of Functions. Norm, Metric -- 3. The Space L2 -- 4. Convergence in the Space L2(G) (Convergence in the Mean). Complete Space. Separable Space -- 5. Orthogonal Systems in L2(G) -- 6. Hilbert Space -- 7. Some Remarks to the Preceding Chapters. Normed Space, Banach Space -- 8. Operators and Functionals, especially in Hilbert Spaces -- II. Variational Methods -- 9. Theorem on the Minimum of a Quadratic Functional and its Consequences -- 10. The Space HA -- 11. Existence of the Minimum of the Functional F in the Space HA. Generalized Solutions -- 12. The Method of Orthonormal Series. Example -- 13. The Ritz Method -- 14. The Galerkin Method -- 15. The Least Squares Method. The Courant Method -- 16. The Method of Steepest Descent. Example -- 17. Summary of Chapters 9 to 16 -- III. Application of Variational Methods to the Solution of Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations -- 18. The Friedrichs Inequality. The Poincaré Inequality -- 19. Boundary Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations -- 20. Problem of the Choice of a Base -- 21. Numerical Examples: Ordinary Differential Equations -- 22. Boundary Value Problems in Second Order Partial Differential Equations -- 23. The Biharmonic Operator. (Equations of Plates and Wall-beams.) -- 24. Operators of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity -- 25. The Choice of a Base for Boundary Value Problems in Partial Differential Equations -- 26. Numerical Examples: Partial Differential Equations -- 27. Summary of Chapters 18 to 26 -- IV. Theory of Boundary Value Problems in Differential Equations Based on the Concept of a Weak Solution and on the Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 28. The Lebesgue Integral. Domains with the Lipschitz Boundary -- 29. The Space W2(k)(G) -- 30. Traces of Functions from the Space W2(k)(G). The Space W?2(k)(G). The Generalized Friedrichs and Poincaré Inequalities -- 31. Elliptic Differential Operators of Order 2k. Weak Solutions of Elliptic Equations -- 32. The Formulation of Boundary Value Problems -- 33. Existence of the Weak Solution of a Boundary Value Problem. V-ellipticity. The Lax-Milgram Theorem -- 34. Application of Direct Variational Methods to the Construction of an Approximation of the Weak Solution -- 35. The Neumann Problem for Equations of Order 2k (the Case when the Form ((v, u)) is not V-elliptic) -- 36. Summary and Some Comments to Chapters 28 to 35 -- V. The Eigenvalue Problem -- 37. Introduction -- 38. Completely Continuous Operators -- 39. The Eigenvalue Problem for Differential Operators -- 40. The Ritz Method in the Eigenvalue Problem -- 41. Numerical Examples -- VI. Some Special Methods. Regularity of the Weak solution -- 42. The Finite Element Method -- 43. The Method of Least Squares on the Boundary for the Biharmonic Equation (for the Problem of Wall-beams). The Trefftz Method of the Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for the Laplace Equation -- 44. The Method of Orthogonal Projections -- 45. Application of the Ritz Method to the Solution of Parabolic Boundary Value Problems -- 46. Regularity of the Weak Solution, Fulfilment of the Given Equation and of the Boundary Conditions in the Classical Sense. Existence of the Function w ? W2(k)(G) satisfying the Given Boundary Conditions -- 47. Concluding Remarks, Perspectives of the Presented Theory -- Table for the Construction of Most Current Functionals and of Systems of Ritz Equations -- References.

Abstract: The impulse which led to the writing of the present book has emerged from my many years of lecturing in special courses for selected students at the College of Civil Engineering of the Tech­ nical University in Prague, from experience gained as supervisor and consultant to graduate students-engineers in the field of applied mathematics, and - last but not least - from frequent consultations with technicians as well as with physicists who have asked for advice in overcoming difficulties encountered in solving theoretical problems. Even though a varied combination of problems of the most diverse nature was often in question, the problems discussed in this book stood forth as the most essential to this category of specialists. The many discussions I have had gave rise to considerations on writing a book which should fill the rather unfortunate gap in our literature. The book is designed, in the first place, for specialists in the fields of theoretical engineering and science. However, it was my aim that the book should be of interest to mathematicians as well. I have been well aware what an ungrateful task it may be to write a book of the present type, and what problems such an effort can bring: Technicians and physicists on the one side, and mathematicians on the other, are often of diametrically opposing opinions as far as books con­ ceived for both these categories are concerned.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Inter-American Obligations on Human Rights -- III. What are Human Rights? -- IV. The IACHR: Its Origins and Organization -- V. The IACHR and the Promotion of Human Rights -- VI. The IACHR and the Protection of Human Rights -- VII. Conclusion -- Appendix: The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.

Abstract: This book is a product of my long-standing interest in international action on human rights, an interest which I developed as a graduate student and which I have maintained as a teacher and researcher. I am indebted to Professor Vernon Van Dyke of the University of Iowa for stimulating my interest in the subject and for guiding the preparation of my Ph. D. thesis, of which this book is a greatly revised and expanded version. I should also like to express my ap­ preciation to Professor A. Glenn Mower, Jr. , of Hanover College, and to my colleague Glenn N. Schram, both of whom read the thesis and made many helpful suggestions when I began to revise it for publication. The book is im­ proved as a result of their efforts, though I alone remain responsible for any errors of fact or interpretation. Most of the research on the book was done at the Columbus Memorial Library of the OAS in Washington, D. C. , and I am grateful to the librarians there for kind and efficient assistance. The Marquette University Committee on Research provided me with a research grant for the summer of 1974 and supplementary grants in 1975 and 1976 which facilitated the completion of the manuscript: I am grateful for this assistance. I have endeavored to include all material available to me as of the end of March, 1976.

Abstract: I. Beginnings -- A. The Pre-Socratics -- B. The Sophists and Socrates -- C. Plato -- D. Aristotle -- II. The Profile Emerges -- A. The Stoics -- B. Cicero -- C. The Roman Jurisconsults -- D. The Special Case of Ulpian -- III. The Christian Face of the Natural Law -- A. St. Paul and the New Testament -- B. The Church Fathers -- C. St. Augustine -- D. St. Isidore of Seville -- IV. Medieval Canonists and Civilians -- A. Gratian -- B. The Medieval Civilians -- C. The Decretists -- V. Fresh Lineaments of the Natural Law -- A. Some Early Scholastic Theologians -- B. The Franciscan School — and Albert the Great -- C. Scholastic Terminology: synderesis and Conscience -- VI. Aquinas Faces the Natural Law Tradition -- A. Aquinas on synderesis -- B. Aquinas and the Definitions of the Natural Law -- C. Natural Law and the Principles of Morality -- VII. Aquinas Makes Up His Mind -- A. The Notion of Law -- B. The Eternal Law -- C. The Natural Law and Its Precepts -- D. Primary and Secondary Precepts of the Natural Law -- E. The Variability of the Natural Law -- VIII. The Breaking of the Profile and its Re-making -- A. Moderate Nominalism: Scotus -- B. Nominalist Developments: William of Ockham, Gregory of Rimini -- C. The Reformation and the Scholastic Silver Age -- IX. The False Face of the Natural Law -- A. Hugo Grotius and the ‘Impious Hypothesis’ -- B. Natural Law in the Age of Reason -- C. Another Face of Natural Law: Human Rights -- X. Natural Law: A Twentieth-Century Profile? -- A. Natural Law Emerging from Eclipse -- B. Re-shaping the Features of Thomistic Natural Law -- C. Areas of discussion -- D. A Rehabilitated Natural Law? -- Name Index.

Abstract: It has more than once been observed that funeral orations for the natural law have always been premature. ! The implication that the concept has a continuing vitality, giving the lie to the prophets of its doom, is justification for yet another book on a subject, now as much as ever in the two and a half millenia of its history a matter of controversy. The history of the natural law has often been written -or at least the history of the concept in the Western European Greco­ 2 Roman tradition. This study does not claim to be a history, although its method is primarily historical and its subject is an idea that, more perhaps than most, has been shaped by its history. The omissions, Hobbes, Vico, Kant, Hegel for example, amply demonstrate that this is not a systematic history. On the other hand it accepts that In an orderly preparation for the study of natural law the most impor­ tant step would be to list the main modifications undergone by the notion of natural law as a result of doctrinal and historical cir­ cumstances? 1 Bergbohm, Jurisprudenz und Rechtsphilosophie, cited in a. M. Manser, Vas Natu"echt in Thomistischer Beleuchtung, p. 1; cf. A. P. d'Entreves, Natural Law, p. 13: "It was declared dead, never to rise again from its ashes. Yet natural law has survived and still calls for discussion. " 2 A.

Abstract: I. Philosophy of Human Communication -- 1. Communication as Problematic -- 2. Philosophic Method and Communication -- 3. Speech Act Propositions -- II. Speech Act Structures -- 1. Constatives -- 2. Performatives -- 3. Rules and Conventions -- 4. Locutionary Acts -- III. Speech Act Contents -- 1. Meaning -- 2. Illocutionary Acts -- IV. Speech Act Communication -- 1. Perlocutionary Acts -- 2. Speech as Communication -- V. Existential Speech and the Phenomenology of Communication -- 1. Existential Phenomenology -- 2. Encountering Phenomenological Existence -- 3. The Dialectic Critique -- 1. Books -- 2. Essays and Articles -- 3. Unpublished Materials.

Abstract: The nature and function of language as Man's chief vehicle of communi­ cation occupies a focal position in the human sciences, particularly in philosophy. The concept of 'communication' is problematic because it suggests both 'meaning' (the nature of language) and the activity of speaking (the function of language). The philosophic theory of 'speech acts' is one attempt to clarify the ambiguities of 'speech' as both the use of language to describe states of affair and the process in which that description is generated as 'communication'. The present study, Speech Act Phenomenology, is in part an exam­ ination of speech act theory. The theory offers an explanation for speech performance, that is, the structure of speech acts as 'relationships' and the content of speech acts as 'meaning'. The primary statement of the speech act theory that is examined is that presented by Austin. A seconda­ ry concern is the formulation of the theory as presented by Searle and Grice. The limitations of the speech act theory are specified by applying the theory as an explanation of 'human communication'. This conceptual examination of 'communication' suggests that the philosophic method of 'analysis' does not resolve the antinomy of language 'nature' and 'function'. Basically, the conceptual distinctions of the speech act theory (i. e. locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions) are found to be empty as a comprehensive explanation of the concept 'communication'.

Abstract: I -- II -- Erratum.

Abstract: This book may be considered to be Volume II of the Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah, the text edition which appeared in 1975 as number 12 in the same series. When mention is made of "Volume I", it is the latter which is referred to. The present publication contains first and foremost an abbreviated translation of the Malay text. With regard to the rather repetitious and cliche-ridden character of the latter, it was believed that little was to be gained by a literal word-for-word translation. I hope that little essential has been left out and that the flavour of the original has percolated through to the English rendering ! For this purpose I have especially endeavoured to render many dia­ logues as 'verbatim' as feasible. The translation has been accompanied by notes whose main purpose it is to enable a running comparison with the Persian original. Copious quotations of the Malay and Persian texts should enable the expert reader to reach his own conclusions. Another feature of this second volume is the commentaries that follow some of the chapters trans­ lated. Their purpose is to determine the position of the account of the H. M. H.

Abstract: The Problem of Transcendental Arguments and the Second Critique as Test Case -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Working Model for Transcendental Arguments -- 3. Criteria of a Successful Account of the Argument-Structure of the Analytic of the Second Critique -- The Argument of the Analytic -- 4. Preliminary Outline of the Argument of the Analytic as a Whole -- 5. The Argument of Chapter 1 -- 6. The Argument of Chapter 2 -- 7. The Argument of Chapter 3 -- Conclusions -- 8. Conclusions and Discussion -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Beck’s Account of the Argument -- Appendix B: Silber’s Account of the Argument -- Appendix C: The Fact of Pure Practical Reason -- Appendix D: Maxims and Laws -- Notes.

Abstract: This work is in no way intended as a commentary on the second Cri­ tique, or even on the Analytic of that book. Instead I have limited myself to the attempt to extract the essential structure of the argument of the Analytic and to exhibit it as an instance of a transcendental argument (namely, one establishing the conditions of the possibility of a practical cognitive viewpoint). This limitation of scope has caused me, in some cases, to ignore or treat briefly concrete questions of Kant's practical philosophy that deserve much closer consideration; and in other cases it has led me to relegate questions that could not be treated briefly to appendixes ,in order not to distract from the development of the argu­ ment. As a result, it is the argument-structure itself that receives pri­ mary attention, and I think some justification should be offered for this concentration on what may seem to be a purely formal concern. One of the most common weaknesses of interpretations of Kant's works is a failure to distinguish the level of generality at which Kant's argument is being developed. This failure is particularly fatal in dealing with the Critiques, since in interpreting them it is important to keep clearly in mind that it is not this or that cognition that is at stake, but the possibility of (a certain kind of) knowledge as such.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Virus characteristics -- 2 Symptomatology of Virus-Infected Plants -- External symptoms -- Internal symptoms -- 3 Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases -- Metabolism of virus-infected plants -- Translocation of the virus in the plant -- Interference between viruses -- Latent infections -- Resistance to infection -- 4 Isolation and Purification of Plant Viruses -- Elementary tests -- Purification methods -- 5 Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Virus Particles. Plant Viruses in situ in Plant and Vector -- 6 Chemistry of Plant Viruses -- 7 Infection and Replication. Assembly of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle. Incomplete Viruses. Satellite Viruses. Viroids -- 8 Transmission by Vectors -- Insecta -- Vectors outside the insecta -- 9 Transmission other than by Vectors -- Mechanical inoculation -- Grafting -- Vegetative propagation -- Seed transmission -- 10 Quantitative Assay. Virus Inhibitors. Virus Strains -- 11 Serology of Plant Viruses -- Preparation of the viruses (antigens) -- The precipitin reaction -- Some results of the application of serological methods -- 12 Tissue- and Cell-culture of Plant Viruses -- Plant tissue-culture -- Modes of infection of tissue-cultures -- Cell-culture -- Protoplast culture of plant-viruses -- 13 Testing for Viruses: Indicator Plants -- 14 Nomenclature and Classification. Control -- 15 Fungal and Algal Viruses -- Fungal viruses -- Algal viruses -- 16 Mycoplasma-like Organisms -- Index of Authors.

Abstract: In the sixth edition of Plant Viruses, each section has been brought up to date and some additions made. A short account is given of a new technique, the protoplast-culture of plant viruses. The omission in the fifth edition of the Mycoplasma-like organisms has been criticized on the grounds of the close simi­ larity of symptom expression and techniques of study between Mycoplasmas and plant viruses. To meet this criticism Chapter 16, which gives a brief account of these organisms, is included. Some of the plates have been changed and new ones added. Grateful acknowledgment is due to Dr Aaron KIug F.R.S. and his colleagues, to Drs D. A. Govier, Basil Kassanis F.R.S. and Karl Maramorsch for permission to use their recent work. Acknowledgement is also due to several friends who have supplied prints of illustrations from their published work; credit has been given to authors in the illustration legends. Mr Denis C. Ingram, editor to Chapman and Hall, has been most helpful and co-operative throughout.

Abstract: 1 What operational research is and does -- 2 Measuring uncertainty -- 3 Queuing problems -- 4 Business forecasting -- 5 Simulation and Monte Carlo Methods -- 6 Stock and production control models -- 7 Resource allocation -- 8 Planning projects -- 9 Analysing decisions -- 10 Operational gaming -- 11 Other operational research techniques -- 12 Conclusions -- Name Index -- General Index.

Abstract: There is nothing more difficult to take in hand. more perilous to conduct. or more uncertain in its success. than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions. and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new. Machiavelli. The Prince When this book was first written in 1959 I was myself a practising operational research worker in charge of a small group at the Glacier Metal Company, concerned with using Operational Research philosophy and techniques to help solve some of the managerial problems inside the company. About that time Operational Research was beginning to attract attention in industrial circles. Many quite large research groups were being founded. The advertisement columns of the Sunday press and certain daily newspapers were full of advertisements for Operational Research practitioners, at then quite attractive salaries.

Abstract: 1t gives me great pleasure as Chairman of the Section on Business Law to write a foreword to this, the second volume in a series of books on Maritime Law. Volume I dealt with 'Arrest of Vessels' and the remain­ ing subjects tobe covered are 'Mortgages of Vessels' and 'Registration of Vessels'. The first volume has proved most successful and many lawyers have testified to its practical value. I am certain that this second volume will have an equally warm welcome. The series is the inspiration of Lennart Hagberg, the Chairman of the Section on Business Law's Committee on Maritime and Transport Law. Both he, and the contributors to the series who are all members of that Committee, are busy practising lawyers, and it is only by making sacrifices that they have been able to add this additional task to their already heavy commitments. In particular, Lennart Hagberg's task as editor has involved an enormous amount of work and I am most grateful to him and bis fellow-contributors for all that they have done. May I wish this Book and those following it every success.