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  • 1985-1989  (205)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (205)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Status of Civil Science in Eastern Europe : Proceedings of the Symposium on Science in Eastern Europe, NATO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium, September 28-30, 1988 (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400909717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional planning ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: 1. Workings of Cmea Science -- 1.1 Scientific-Technological Co-operation — Its Organization -- 1.2 On the Economics of Scientific- Technical Co-operation -- 1.3 Implementation of Plans -- 1.4 Commentary -- 2. Procedures and Linkages -- 2.1 East European, Soviet and Western Science Compared: A Scientometric Study -- 2.2 New Incentives for Research Intensity and Innovation in Polish Industry -- 2.3 Science, Technology and the Economic Salvation in Poland: Myths and Reality -- 2.4 Research and Development Policy in Bulgarian Restructuring (Preustroystvo) -- 2.5 Computers and Scientific Research in CMEA Countries -- 2.6 Commentary -- 3. Case Studies -- I. Biotechnology -- 3.1 Biotechnology in Eastern Europe -- 3.2 Organisms as a Productive Force: Policy Goals and Research Projects in GDR Biotechnology -- 3.3 Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology in Hungary -- 3.4 Biotechnology (Food), Poland: The ?ód?/Strathclyde Exchange -- 3.5 Commentary -- II. Physical Sciences -- 3.6 Molecules and Electronics in Poland -- 3.7 Laser Research and Prospects for Laser Applications -- 3.8 Materials in the Eastern European Countries -- 3.9 Developing Robot Technology in Process Control and Systems Automation -- 3.10 Nuclear Power in the CMEA Countries: The East Continues to Go Nuclear -- 3.11 Commentary -- 4. Present Positions and Future Trends -- 4.1 The Realities of Policy Implementation and the Conduct of Research -- 4.2 An Overall Analysis of the Factors Impeding Development and Progress of Civil Science -- 4.3 Future Trends.
    Abstract: The NATO Science Programme, under the direction of the Science Com­ mittee, mounted in September 1986 a successful meeting which examined the structure and outputs of civil science in the Soviet Union. As a topical sectoral examination of the evolutionary state of the Soviet Union under those in­ separable and elusive twins, 'perestroyka' and 'glasnost', it was successful in providing the basis for assessments of the likely future role of Soviet scientists in the world scene. Such meetings are infrequent events in the Programme calendar; the Science Programme has concentrated for thirty years almost exclusively on supporting scientific mobility in the Alliance countries. This it does, essentially, through the funding under competitive conditions, of fellow­ ships, exchanges and meetings of researchers. Such activities are a response to unsolicited scientific demand from the Alliance R&D community which sees mobility as an essential part of scientific dissemination (rather lacking it would appear from the following accounts in the Eastern European countries). The Committee, however, does like to act upon its own behalf in supporting wider perceptions of the place of R&D in the world by examining, from time to time, topics of strong current interest. These have taken the form of the consideration of particularly pressing issues, as arose for example in the series of energy and material supply crises of the seventies.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Workings of Cmea Science1.1 Scientific-Technological Co-operation - Its Organization -- 1.2 On the Economics of Scientific- Technical Co-operation -- 1.3 Implementation of Plans -- 1.4 Commentary -- 2. Procedures and Linkages -- 2.1 East European, Soviet and Western Science Compared: A Scientometric Study -- 2.2 New Incentives for Research Intensity and Innovation in Polish Industry -- 2.3 Science, Technology and the Economic Salvation in Poland: Myths and Reality -- 2.4 Research and Development Policy in Bulgarian Restructuring (Preustroystvo) -- 2.5 Computers and Scientific Research in CMEA Countries -- 2.6 Commentary -- 3. Case Studies -- I. Biotechnology -- 3.1 Biotechnology in Eastern Europe -- 3.2 Organisms as a Productive Force: Policy Goals and Research Projects in GDR Biotechnology -- 3.3 Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology in Hungary -- 3.4 Biotechnology (Food), Poland: The ?ód?/Strathclyde Exchange -- 3.5 Commentary -- II. Physical Sciences -- 3.6 Molecules and Electronics in Poland -- 3.7 Laser Research and Prospects for Laser Applications -- 3.8 Materials in the Eastern European Countries -- 3.9 Developing Robot Technology in Process Control and Systems Automation -- 3.10 Nuclear Power in the CMEA Countries: The East Continues to Go Nuclear -- 3.11 Commentary -- 4. Present Positions and Future Trends -- 4.1 The Realities of Policy Implementation and the Conduct of Research -- 4.2 An Overall Analysis of the Factors Impeding Development and Progress of Civil Science -- 4.3 Future Trends.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0971-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On Law and Reason (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402083815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 443 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: 'This is an outline of a coherence theory of law. Its basic ideas are: reasonable support and weighing of reasons. All the rest is commentary.’ These words at the beginning of the preface of this book perfectly indicate what On Law and Reason is about. It is a theory about the nature of the law which emphasises the role of reason in the law and which refuses to limit the role of reason to the application of deductive logic. In 1989, when the first edition of On Law and Reason appeared, this book was ground breaking for several reasons. It provided a rationalistic theory of the law in the language of analytic philosophy and based on a thorough understanding of the results, including technical ones, of analytic philosophy. That was not an obvious combination at the time of the book’s first appearance and still is not. The result is an analytical rigor that is usually associated with positivist theories of the law, combined with a philosophical position that is not natural law in a strict sense, but which shares with it the emphasis on the role of reason in determining what the law is. If only for this rare combination, On Law and Reason still deserves careful study. On Law and Reason also foreshadowed and influenced a development in the field of Legal Logic that would take place in the nineties of the 20th century, namely the development of non-monotonic (‘defeasible’) logics for the analysis of legal reasoning. In the new Introduction to this second edition, this aspect is explored in some more detail
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8381-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionery: Science and Technology (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401179249
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Cocoa and Chocolate -- 1. History and Development -- 2. Cocoa Processes -- 3. Cocoa Butter and Replacement Fats -- 4. Emulsifiers in Chocolate Confectionery Coatings and Cocoa -- 5. Chocolate Manufacture -- 6. Confectionery Coatings, Chocolate Replacers, Dietetic Compounds -- 7. Chocolate Bars and Covered Confectionery -- 2: Confectionery: Ingredients and Processes -- 8. Sugars, Glucose Syrups, and Other Sweeteners -- 9. Confectionery Fats -- 10. Milk and Milk Products -- 11. Egg Albumen and Other Aerating Agents -- 12. Gelatinizing Agents, Gums, Glazes, Waxes -- 13. Starches, Soya Flour, Soya Protein -- 14. Fruits, Preserved Fruits, Jam, Dried Fruit -- 15. Nuts -- 16. Chemical and Allied Substances Used in the Confectionery Industry -- 17. Colors for Use in Confectionery -- 18. Flavor and Flavoring Materials -- 19. Confectionery Processes and Formulations -- 3: General Technology -- 20. Science and Technology of Chocolate and Confectionery -- 21. Pest Control -- 22. Packaging in the Confectionery Industry -- 23. Quality Control -- 24. Food Value of Chocolate and Confectionery -- 25. Research and Development in the Confectionery Industry -- Appendix I. Special Methods of Analysis -- Appendix II. Resources.
    Abstract: The second edition of this book achieved worldwide recognition within the chocolate and confectionery industry. I was pressed to prepare the third edition to include modern developments in machinery, production, and packaging. This has been a formidable task and has taken longer than anticipated. Students still require, in one book, descriptions of the fundamental principles of the industry as well as an insight into modern methods. Therefore, parts of the previous edition describing basic technology have been retained, with minor alterations where necessary. With over fifty years' experience in the industry and the past eighteen years working as an author, lecturer, and consultant, I have collected a great deal of useful information. Visits to trade exhibitions and to manufacturers of raw materials and machinery in many parts of the world have been very valuable. Much research and reading have been necessary to prepare for teaching and lecturing at various colleges, seminars, and manufacturing establishments. The third edition is still mainly concerned with science, technology, and production. It is not a book of formulations, which are readily available elsewhere. Formulations without knowledge of principles lead to many errors, and recipes are given only where examples are necessary. _ Analytical methods are described only when they are not available in textbooks, of which there are many on standard methods of food analysis. Acknowledgments I am still indebted to many of the persons mentioned under "Acknowledgments" in the second edition. I am especially grateful to the following.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Cocoa and Chocolate1. History and Development -- 2. Cocoa Processes -- 3. Cocoa Butter and Replacement Fats -- 4. Emulsifiers in Chocolate Confectionery Coatings and Cocoa -- 5. Chocolate Manufacture -- 6. Confectionery Coatings, Chocolate Replacers, Dietetic Compounds -- 7. Chocolate Bars and Covered Confectionery -- 2: Confectionery: Ingredients and Processes -- 8. Sugars, Glucose Syrups, and Other Sweeteners -- 9. Confectionery Fats -- 10. Milk and Milk Products -- 11. Egg Albumen and Other Aerating Agents -- 12. Gelatinizing Agents, Gums, Glazes, Waxes -- 13. Starches, Soya Flour, Soya Protein -- 14. Fruits, Preserved Fruits, Jam, Dried Fruit -- 15. Nuts -- 16. Chemical and Allied Substances Used in the Confectionery Industry -- 17. Colors for Use in Confectionery -- 18. Flavor and Flavoring Materials -- 19. Confectionery Processes and Formulations -- 3: General Technology -- 20. Science and Technology of Chocolate and Confectionery -- 21. Pest Control -- 22. Packaging in the Confectionery Industry -- 23. Quality Control -- 24. Food Value of Chocolate and Confectionery -- 25. Research and Development in the Confectionery Industry -- Appendix I. Special Methods of Analysis -- Appendix II. Resources.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7924-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applied Polymer Light Microscopy (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401174749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Specimen Preparation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Initial Approach to Preparing the Specimen -- 1.3 Area of the Specimen -- 1.4 Surfaces -- 1.5 Sectioning (Sectional Slices) -- 1.6 Melt Pressings -- 1.7 Staining -- 1.8 Final Comments -- 2 Basic Light Microscopy and the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthetic Polymers as Specimens for Light Microscopy -- 2.3 Light versus Electron Microscopy of Polymers -- 2.4 Basic Light Microscopy -- 2.5 Applications for Common Light Microscopy -- 2.6 Phase Contrast Microscopy . -- 2.7 Applications for Phase Contrast Microscopy -- 2.8 Dark Ground Microscopy -- References -- 3 Polarized Light: Theory and Measurements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Light and Its Interaction with Matter -- 3.3 Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Light -- 3.4 The Uniaxial Indicatrix -- 3.5 The Biaxial Indicatrix -- 3.6 Methods of Producing Polarized Light -- 3.7 Types of Birefringence -- 3.8 The Passage of Polarized Light through Thin Birefringent Plates -- 3.9 Polarization Colours -- 3.10 Relation between Orientation and Birefringence -- 3.11 The Polarizing Microscope -- 3.12 Measurement of Optical Path Difference -- 3.13 Compensators -- 3.14 Dispersion of Birefringence -- 3.15 Spectrophotometric Method -- 3.16 The Wedge Method -- 3.17 Use of the Abbé Refractometer -- References -- 4 Polarized Light: Qualitative Microscopy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Spherulites -- 4.3 Theory of Spherulitic Crystallization -- 4.4 Different Types of Spherulite -- 4.5 Spherulitic Forms of Polypropylene -- 4.6 Effect of Processing on Spherulites -- 4.7 Small Angle Light Scattering -- 4.8 Molecular Orientation -- References -- 5 Modulation Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Techniques -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Principles -- 5.3 The Modulation Contrast System -- 5.4 Differential Interference Contrast -- 5.5 Adjusting the Contrast Systems -- 5.6 Comparison with the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 5.7 Reflected Light Work -- 5.8 Image Interpretation -- 5.9 Applications to Polymers -- References -- 6 Interference Microscopy of Polymers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Basic Principles of Quantitative Microinterferometry -- 6.3 Reflected Light Applications -- 6.4 Interpretation of Surface Interferograms -- 6.5 Some Reflected Light Systems Applicable to Polymers -- 6.6 Transmitted Light Interference Microscopy -- 6.7 Transmitted Light Systems -- 6.8 Compensators -- References -- 7 Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Equipment and Techniques -- 7.3 Applications to Non-polymer Materials -- 7.4 Non-Microscopic Applications of Fluorescence from Polymers -- 7.5 Applications of UV Microscopy to Synthetic Polymers -- References.
    Abstract: Synthetic polymers make excellent specimens for light microscopy. Despite this, the use of the technique, at least in its advanced forms, is not so widespread as might be expected. Although reliable and relevant data are difficult to find and quantify, it seems that in other fields of materials science and technology there is a greater readiness to tum to the microscope in research, in industrial problem solving, or for quality assessment and control. It also seems that the reasons for the present situation are partly historical, partly the result of the structure of the plastics and rubber industries, and partly the education and training background of senior staff who tend to be chemistry or engineering based. In neither field does light microscopy feature strongly in the basic training. The primary aim of this book is to provide some insight into the range oflight microscopy techniques applicable to polymeric specimens, and to highlight typical applications to commercial polymers and polymer products. Where appropriate, the optical techniques involved are discussed in some detail. However, it has not been the intention to produce a light microscopy textbook dealing with the principles and design of the basic instrument. Many such texts are available, and selected examples are cited in the reference list at the end of most chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Specimen Preparation1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Initial Approach to Preparing the Specimen -- 1.3 Area of the Specimen -- 1.4 Surfaces -- 1.5 Sectioning (Sectional Slices) -- 1.6 Melt Pressings -- 1.7 Staining -- 1.8 Final Comments -- 2 Basic Light Microscopy and the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthetic Polymers as Specimens for Light Microscopy -- 2.3 Light versus Electron Microscopy of Polymers -- 2.4 Basic Light Microscopy -- 2.5 Applications for Common Light Microscopy -- 2.6 Phase Contrast Microscopy . -- 2.7 Applications for Phase Contrast Microscopy -- 2.8 Dark Ground Microscopy -- References -- 3 Polarized Light: Theory and Measurements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Light and Its Interaction with Matter -- 3.3 Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Light -- 3.4 The Uniaxial Indicatrix -- 3.5 The Biaxial Indicatrix -- 3.6 Methods of Producing Polarized Light -- 3.7 Types of Birefringence -- 3.8 The Passage of Polarized Light through Thin Birefringent Plates -- 3.9 Polarization Colours -- 3.10 Relation between Orientation and Birefringence -- 3.11 The Polarizing Microscope -- 3.12 Measurement of Optical Path Difference -- 3.13 Compensators -- 3.14 Dispersion of Birefringence -- 3.15 Spectrophotometric Method -- 3.16 The Wedge Method -- 3.17 Use of the Abbé Refractometer -- References -- 4 Polarized Light: Qualitative Microscopy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Spherulites -- 4.3 Theory of Spherulitic Crystallization -- 4.4 Different Types of Spherulite -- 4.5 Spherulitic Forms of Polypropylene -- 4.6 Effect of Processing on Spherulites -- 4.7 Small Angle Light Scattering -- 4.8 Molecular Orientation -- References -- 5 Modulation Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Techniques -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Principles -- 5.3 The Modulation Contrast System -- 5.4 Differential Interference Contrast -- 5.5 Adjusting the Contrast Systems -- 5.6 Comparison with the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 5.7 Reflected Light Work -- 5.8 Image Interpretation -- 5.9 Applications to Polymers -- References -- 6 Interference Microscopy of Polymers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Basic Principles of Quantitative Microinterferometry -- 6.3 Reflected Light Applications -- 6.4 Interpretation of Surface Interferograms -- 6.5 Some Reflected Light Systems Applicable to Polymers -- 6.6 Transmitted Light Interference Microscopy -- 6.7 Transmitted Light Systems -- 6.8 Compensators -- References -- 7 Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Equipment and Techniques -- 7.3 Applications to Non-polymer Materials -- 7.4 Non-Microscopic Applications of Fluorescence from Polymers -- 7.5 Applications of UV Microscopy to Synthetic Polymers -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7474-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Biology of Wool and Hair (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401197021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Recent Trends in the Wool Industry and Some Long-Term Policy Issues -- Structure and Function of the Hair Follicle -- 2. Morphogenesis of the Hair Follicle during the Ontogeny of Human Skin -- 3. Specific Keratins and their Associated Proteins as Markers for Hair Follicle Differentiation -- 4. The Dermal Papilla and Maintenance of Hair Growth -- 5. Special Biochemical Features of the Hair Follicle -- Keratin Proteins -- 6. Intermediate Filaments: Problems and Perspectives -- 7. Intermediate Filament Associated Protein of Epidermis -- 8. Variations in the Proteins of Wool and Hair -- 9. Protein Chains in Wool and Epidermal Keratin IF: Structural Features and Spatial Arrangement -- 10. Amino Acid Sequences of Wool Keratin IF Proteins -- 11. Structural Features of Keratin Intermediate Filaments -- Physiological Factors and Hair Growth -- 12. Factors Influencing Cellular Events in the Wool Follicle -- 13. The Influence of Absorbed Nutrients on Wool Growth -- 14. The Scope for Manipulation of Fermentative Digestion in the Rumen to Improve Ruminant Production -- 15. The Effect of the Drug Minoxidil on Hair Growth -- Aberrations of Hair Growth -- 16. Variations in Wool Follicle Morphology -- 17. Follicular Malfunctions and Resultant Effects on Wool Fibres -- 18. Effect of Mutations on the Proteins of Wool and Hair -- 19. Genetic Diseases, Hair Structure and Elemental Content -- Keratin Genes -- 20. The Differential Expression of Keratin Genes in Human Epidermal Cells -- 21. Sequential Changes in Gene Expression during Epidermal Differentiation -- 22. Keratin Gene Expression in Wool Fibre Development -- 23. Evolutionary Trees of Intermediate Filament Proteins -- Growth and Differentiation -- 24. Growth Factors, Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions in Skin during Follicle Development and Growth -- 25. The Reaction-Diffusion System as a Spatial Organizer during Initiation and Development of Hair Follicles and Formation of the Fibre -- 26. The Cultured Murine Epidermal Keratinocyte and Studies of Differentiation -- 27. Cross-Linked Envelopes: Keratinocyte Transglutaminase -- 28. Desmosomal Proteins and Cytokeratins in the Hair Follicle -- Prospects for the Future -- 29. Genetic Engineering of Rumen Bacteria -- 30. Engineering Ruminai Flora for Improved Protein Quality -- 31. Potential of Transgenic Plants for Improved Amino Acid Supply for Wool Growth -- 32. Isolation of Microbial Genes for Cysteine Synthesis and Prospects for their Use in Increasing Wool Growth -- 33. The Creation of Transgenic Sheep for Increased Wool Productivity -- 34. Efficient Creation of Transgenic Sheep: The Challenge for the Cell Biologist -- 35. Priorities for Production Research -- 36. Future Problems in Wool Structure and Textile Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Recent Trends in the Wool Industry and Some Long-Term Policy IssuesStructure and Function of the Hair Follicle -- 2. Morphogenesis of the Hair Follicle during the Ontogeny of Human Skin -- 3. Specific Keratins and their Associated Proteins as Markers for Hair Follicle Differentiation -- 4. The Dermal Papilla and Maintenance of Hair Growth -- 5. Special Biochemical Features of the Hair Follicle -- Keratin Proteins -- 6. Intermediate Filaments: Problems and Perspectives -- 7. Intermediate Filament Associated Protein of Epidermis -- 8. Variations in the Proteins of Wool and Hair -- 9. Protein Chains in Wool and Epidermal Keratin IF: Structural Features and Spatial Arrangement -- 10. Amino Acid Sequences of Wool Keratin IF Proteins -- 11. Structural Features of Keratin Intermediate Filaments -- Physiological Factors and Hair Growth -- 12. Factors Influencing Cellular Events in the Wool Follicle -- 13. The Influence of Absorbed Nutrients on Wool Growth -- 14. The Scope for Manipulation of Fermentative Digestion in the Rumen to Improve Ruminant Production -- 15. The Effect of the Drug Minoxidil on Hair Growth -- Aberrations of Hair Growth -- 16. Variations in Wool Follicle Morphology -- 17. Follicular Malfunctions and Resultant Effects on Wool Fibres -- 18. Effect of Mutations on the Proteins of Wool and Hair -- 19. Genetic Diseases, Hair Structure and Elemental Content -- Keratin Genes -- 20. The Differential Expression of Keratin Genes in Human Epidermal Cells -- 21. Sequential Changes in Gene Expression during Epidermal Differentiation -- 22. Keratin Gene Expression in Wool Fibre Development -- 23. Evolutionary Trees of Intermediate Filament Proteins -- Growth and Differentiation -- 24. Growth Factors, Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions in Skin during Follicle Development and Growth -- 25. The Reaction-Diffusion System as a Spatial Organizer during Initiation and Development of Hair Follicles and Formation of the Fibre -- 26. The Cultured Murine Epidermal Keratinocyte and Studies of Differentiation -- 27. Cross-Linked Envelopes: Keratinocyte Transglutaminase -- 28. Desmosomal Proteins and Cytokeratins in the Hair Follicle -- Prospects for the Future -- 29. Genetic Engineering of Rumen Bacteria -- 30. Engineering Ruminai Flora for Improved Protein Quality -- 31. Potential of Transgenic Plants for Improved Amino Acid Supply for Wool Growth -- 32. Isolation of Microbial Genes for Cysteine Synthesis and Prospects for their Use in Increasing Wool Growth -- 33. The Creation of Transgenic Sheep for Increased Wool Productivity -- 34. Efficient Creation of Transgenic Sheep: The Challenge for the Cell Biologist -- 35. Priorities for Production Research -- 36. Future Problems in Wool Structure and Textile Research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9702-1
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  • 6
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    A Psychology of Food : More Than a Matter of Taste (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Psychobiology. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Food: Its Psychological Meaning and Significance -- 1. The Role of Food and Eating in Personality and Social Development -- 2 Food Preferences -- 2. Long-term Food Preferences -- 3. Fluctuations in Food Preferences -- 4. The Relation Between Emotions and Food Preferences -- 5. Fads, Fashions, and Food Preferences -- 3 Food as a Complex Psychological Stimulus -- 6. Taste -- 7. Odor -- 8. Texture -- 9. Appearance -- 10. Color -- 4 Food Meanings and Associations -- 11. Food Meanings -- 12. Changing Food Likes and Dislikes -- 13. The Use of Food as Psychotherapy -- 14. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Writing this book has been a pleasure, but it has also been frustrating. It was a delight to see that the facts of food preferences, eating, and food behavior conform in many ways to the general principles of psychology. Matching these, however, was often like putting together a jigsaw puz­ zle-looking at a fact and trying to figure out which psychological theories or principles were relevant. This was made more difficult by conflicting principles in psychology and contradictory findings in psychological as well as food-preference research. The material cited is not meant to be exhaustive. Undoubtedly, I have been influenced by my own research interests and points of view. When conflicting data exist, I selected those that seemed to me most representa­ tive or relevant, and I have done so without consistently pointing out contrary findings. This applies also to the discussion of psychological prin­ ciples. Much psychological research is done in very restrictive conditions. Therefore, it has limited applicability beyond the confines of the context in which it was conducted. What holds true of novelty, complexity, and curiosity when two-dimensional line drawings are studied, for example, may not have much to do with novelty, complexity, and curiosity in rela­ tion to foods, which vary in many ways such as shape, color, taste, texture, and odor. Nevertheless, I have tried to suggest relationships between psy­ chological principles and food preferences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Food: Its Psychological Meaning and Significance1. The Role of Food and Eating in Personality and Social Development -- 2 Food Preferences -- 2. Long-term Food Preferences -- 3. Fluctuations in Food Preferences -- 4. The Relation Between Emotions and Food Preferences -- 5. Fads, Fashions, and Food Preferences -- 3 Food as a Complex Psychological Stimulus -- 6. Taste -- 7. Odor -- 8. Texture -- 9. Appearance -- 10. Color -- 4 Food Meanings and Associations -- 11. Food Meanings -- 12. Changing Food Likes and Dislikes -- 13. The Use of Food as Psychotherapy -- 14. Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7033-8
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  • 7
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    Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java : The History of the First ‘Missing Link’ and Its Discoverer (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Paleontology ; History ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1: The Nineteenth-Century Background -- The theory of evolution and the position of Man -- The interpretation of human fossils -- The role of palaeontology and anthropology -- 2: The Road to Trinil -- Eijsden and Roermond -- Amsterdam -- To the Dutch East Indies -- Sumatra -- Java -- 3: Pithecanthropus Erectus -- The discovery -- The description -- The construction of a missing link -- 4: The Debate -- Criticism -- Dubois’ reply -- Rejoinder -- From Pithecanthropus to an evolutionary paleoanthropology -- Epilogue -- 5: Cephalisation, Pithecanthropus, and Evolution -- The theory of cephalisation -- Cephalisation and Pithecanthropus -- Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus -- Idealist and pioneer -- Sources -- Manuscript sources -- Publications by Dubois -- Literature -- List of illustrations.
    Abstract: Although the name Pithecanthropus is now seldom used, there are few who study the origin of our species who will fail to recognise the historical place of the usage and its association with Eugene Dubois. During the last thirty or forty years, Australopithecus and its African context has tended to draw attention from the early work on our origins in Java. It is now increasingly common to hear the term 'pithecanthropine' used only to indicate the Asian or Far Eastern examples of Homo erectus which, although probably derived from African ancestry, have some features that in the opinion of some experts may justify their being considered distinctive. This discussion is not within the pages that follow which deal extensively with the work of Eugene Dubois. He was an extraordinary man who did as much as any person since to put the great antiquity of our ancestors firmly in the public domain. Dubois became involved with the study of human origins from a medical and anatomical background as have many since. The jealousies and professional pressures that we think of as a phenomenon of the post-war years were clearly a major factor in deciding the future of his career.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: The Nineteenth-Century BackgroundThe theory of evolution and the position of Man -- The interpretation of human fossils -- The role of palaeontology and anthropology -- 2: The Road to Trinil -- Eijsden and Roermond -- Amsterdam -- To the Dutch East Indies -- Sumatra -- Java -- 3: Pithecanthropus Erectus -- The discovery -- The description -- The construction of a missing link -- 4: The Debate -- Criticism -- Dubois’ reply -- Rejoinder -- From Pithecanthropus to an evolutionary paleoanthropology -- Epilogue -- 5: Cephalisation, Pithecanthropus, and Evolution -- The theory of cephalisation -- Cephalisation and Pithecanthropus -- Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus -- Idealist and pioneer -- Sources -- Manuscript sources -- Publications by Dubois -- Literature -- List of illustrations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2209-9
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  • 8
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    Radar Principles for the Non-Specialist (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Elementary Electromagnetics and the Radar Range Equation -- Radio Waves -- A Simple Radar -- The Radar Range Equation -- Surveillance -- Tracking -- Exercises -- References -- 2 Antennas -- A Parabolic Reflector -- The Antenna Pattern -- The Interferometer -- Finding Sidelobe Levels -- Array Radars -- Element Spacing -- Array Gain -- Array Thinning -- Array Design Considerations -- Exercises -- References -- 3 Detection and Tracking -- The Problem of Detection -- Noise Distributions -- Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- Designing Thresholds -- Some Detection Techniques -- Tracking -- Exercises -- References -- 4 Radar Cross Section -- RCS of a Sphere -- RCSs of Simple Objects -- Polarization -- Chaff Characteristics -- Diffuse Targets and Clutter -- Radar Signatures -- Exercises -- References -- 5 Waveforms and Signal Processing -- Characteristics of the Simple Pulse -- Range Measurement -- Doppler Measurements -- Pulse Compression -- Time Sidelobes -- Pulse Burst Waveforms -- Ambiguity Functions -- Signal Processing -- Exercises -- References -- 6 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) -- Mainbeam Jamming -- Sidelobe Jamming -- Low-Probability-of-Intercept Radar (LPIR) -- Other Jamming Techniques -- Passive ECM -- Exercises -- References -- 7 Systems Applications -- Over-the-Horizon Radars -- Radar Altimeters -- Ionospheric Radars -- Advanced Technology Radars -- Pulse-Doppler Radars -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Laser Radars -- Exercises -- References -- 8 Loose Ends of Radar Lore -- Radar Horizon -- Properties of the Medium -- Ionosphere -- Troposphere -- Far Field of an Antenna -- Convenient Radar Rules of Thumb -- Exercises -- References -- 9 Radar Potentials and Limitations -- Surveillance -- Navigation -- Signatures -- Science -- Summary -- Appendix 1 Conversion to Decibels -- Appendix 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Appendix 3 Fourier Series and Transforms -- Fourier Series -- Fourier Transforms -- Appendix 4 Answers to Exercises -- Appendix 5 Glossary.
    Abstract: What This Book Is This book is about radar. It will teach you the essentials of radar, the underlying principles. It is not like an engineering handbook which pro­ vides detailed design equations without explaining either derivation or rationale. It is not like a graduate school textbook which may be abstruse and esoteric to the point of incomprehensibility. And it is not like an anthology of popular magazine articles which may be gaudy but superfi­ cial. It is an attempt to distill the very complex, rich technology of radar into its fundamentals, tying them to the laws of nature on one end and to the most modern and complex systems on the other. Who It's For If your work requires you to supervise or meet as coequals with radar systems engineers or designers, this book will allow you to understand them, to question them intelligently and perhaps to provide them with a perspective (a dispassionate yet competent view) that they lack. If you are trained in another discipline but have been made the man­ ager of a radar project or a system program that has one or more radars as sub-systems, this book will provide you with the tools you need, not only to give your team members confidence, but also to make a substantive technical contribution yourself.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Elementary Electromagnetics and the Radar Range EquationRadio Waves -- A Simple Radar -- The Radar Range Equation -- Surveillance -- Tracking -- Exercises -- References -- 2 Antennas -- A Parabolic Reflector -- The Antenna Pattern -- The Interferometer -- Finding Sidelobe Levels -- Array Radars -- Element Spacing -- Array Gain -- Array Thinning -- Array Design Considerations -- Exercises -- References -- 3 Detection and Tracking -- The Problem of Detection -- Noise Distributions -- Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- Designing Thresholds -- Some Detection Techniques -- Tracking -- Exercises -- References -- 4 Radar Cross Section -- RCS of a Sphere -- RCSs of Simple Objects -- Polarization -- Chaff Characteristics -- Diffuse Targets and Clutter -- Radar Signatures -- Exercises -- References -- 5 Waveforms and Signal Processing -- Characteristics of the Simple Pulse -- Range Measurement -- Doppler Measurements -- Pulse Compression -- Time Sidelobes -- Pulse Burst Waveforms -- Ambiguity Functions -- Signal Processing -- Exercises -- References -- 6 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) -- Mainbeam Jamming -- Sidelobe Jamming -- Low-Probability-of-Intercept Radar (LPIR) -- Other Jamming Techniques -- Passive ECM -- Exercises -- References -- 7 Systems Applications -- Over-the-Horizon Radars -- Radar Altimeters -- Ionospheric Radars -- Advanced Technology Radars -- Pulse-Doppler Radars -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Laser Radars -- Exercises -- References -- 8 Loose Ends of Radar Lore -- Radar Horizon -- Properties of the Medium -- Ionosphere -- Troposphere -- Far Field of an Antenna -- Convenient Radar Rules of Thumb -- Exercises -- References -- 9 Radar Potentials and Limitations -- Surveillance -- Navigation -- Signatures -- Science -- Summary -- Appendix 1 Conversion to Decibels -- Appendix 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Appendix 3 Fourier Series and Transforms -- Fourier Series -- Fourier Transforms -- Appendix 4 Answers to Exercises -- Appendix 5 Glossary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6985-1
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  • 9
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    On the Problem of Empathy : The Collected Works of Edith Stein Sister Teresa Bendicta of the Cross Discalced Carmelite Volume Three (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400910515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 137 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Psychology. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Foreword -- II. The Essence of Acts of Empathy -- 1. The Method of the Investigation -- 2. Description of Empathy in Comparison with Other Acts -- 3. Discussion in Terms of Other Descriptions of Empathy—Especially That of Lipps—and Continuation of the Analysis -- 4. The Controversy Between the View of Idea and That of Actuality -- 5. Discussion in Terms of Genetic Theories of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness -- 6. Discussion in Terms of Scheler’s Theory of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness -- 7. Münsterberg’s Theory of the Experience of Foreign Consciousness -- III. The Constitution of the Psycho-Physical Individual -- 1. The Pure “I” -- 2. The Stream of Consciousness -- 3. The Soul -- 4. “I” and Living Body -- 5. Transition to the Foreign Individual -- IV. Empathy as the Understanding of Spiritual Persons -- 1. The Concept of the Spirit and of the Cultural Sciences [Geisteswissenschaften] -- 2. The Spiritual Subject -- 3. The Constitution of the Person in Emotional Experiences -- 4. The Givenness of the Foreign Person -- 5. Soul and Person -- 6. The Existence of the Spirit -- 7. Discussion in Terms of Dilthey -- 8. The Significance of Empathy for the Constitution of Our Own Person -- 9. The Question of the Spirit Being Based on the Physical Body -- Personal Biography -- Notes.
    Abstract: he radical viewpoint of phenomenology is presented by T 3 Edmund Husser! in his Ideas. This viewpoint seems quite simple at first, but becomes exceedingly complex and involves intricate distinctions when attempts are made to apply it to actual problems. Therefore, it may be well to attempt a short statement of this position in order to note the general problems with which it is dealing as well as the method of solution which it proposes. I shall emphasize the elements of phenomenology which seem most relevant to E. Stein's work. Husser! deals with two traditional philosophical questions, and in answering them, develops the method of phenomenological reduction which he maintains is the basis of all science. These questions are, "What is it that can be known without doubt?" and "How is this knowledge possible in the most general sense?" In the tradition of idealism he takes consciousness as the area to be investigated. He posits nothing about the natural world. He puts it in "brackets," as a portion of an algebraic formula is put in brackets, and makes no use of the material within these brackets. This does not mean that the "real" wor!d does not exist, he says emphatically; it only means that this existence is a presupposition must be suspended to achieve pure description.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1051-5
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  • 10
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    Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Development of Antimicrobial Agents, Past, Present and Future -- The social and economic importance of antimicrobial agents -- An outline of the historical development of antimicrobial agents and of chemotherapeutic theories -- Reasons for studying the biochemistry of antimicrobial compounds -- Development of biochemical knowledge of antimicrobial action -- Scope and layout of the present book -- 2 The Bacterial Cell Wall — A Vulnerable Shield -- Functions of the wall -- Wall structure -- Structure and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan -- Antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis -- 3 Antiseptics, Antibiotics and the Cell Membrane -- Microbe killers: antiseptics and disinfectants -- Polypeptide antibiotics -- Ionophoric antibiotics -- Polyene antibiotics -- An inhibitor of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis -- 4 Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis -- Compounds affecting the biosynthesis of nucleotide precursors -- Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis at the polymerization level -- 5 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis -- Ribosomes -- Stages in protein biosynthesis -- Puromycin -- Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA formation -- Inhibitors of initiation-complex formation and tRNA—ribosome interaction -- Inhibitors of peptide bond formation and translocation -- Nucleic acid synthesis during inhibition of protein synthesis -- Effects of inhibitors of 70S ribosomes on eukaryotic cells -- 6 Antifungal, Antiprotozoal and Antiviral Agents -- Compounds used to treat protozoal diseases -- Compounds used to treat fungal diseases -- Compounds used to treat virus diseases -- 7 Penetrating the Defences: How Antimicrobial Agents Reach Their Targets -- Cellular permeability barriers to drug penetration -- Some examples of modes of penetration of antimicrobial agents -- The exploitation of transport systems in the design of new antimicrobial agents -- 8 Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs -- The genetics of drug resistance -- Spread of drug resistance by gene transfer -- Biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance -- Bacterial tolerance -- Practical approaches to the control of drug resistance.
    Abstract: The rapid advances made in the study of the synthesis, structure and function of biological macromolecules in the last fifteen years have enabled scientists concerned with antimicrobial agents to achieve a considerable measure of understanding of how these substances inhibit cell growth and division. The use of antimicrobial agents as highly specific inhibitors has in turn substantially assisted the investigation of complex biochemical pro­ cesses. The literature in Ihis field is so extensive however, that we considered an attempt should be made to draw together in an introductory book the more significant studies of recent years. This book, which is in fact based on lec­ ture courses given by us to undergraduates at Liverpool and Manchester Universities, is therefore intended as an introduction 'to the biochemistry of antimicrobial action for advanced students in many disciplines. We hope that it may also be useful to established scientists who are new to this area of research. The book is concerned with a discussion of medically important antimicro­ bial compounds and also a number of agents that, although having no medical uses, have proved invaluable as research tools in biochemistry. Our aim has been to esent pr the available information in a simple and readable way, emphasizing the established facts rather than more controversial material. Whenever possible, however, we have indicated the gaps in the present knowledge of the subject where further information is required.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Development of Antimicrobial Agents, Past, Present and FutureThe social and economic importance of antimicrobial agents -- An outline of the historical development of antimicrobial agents and of chemotherapeutic theories -- Reasons for studying the biochemistry of antimicrobial compounds -- Development of biochemical knowledge of antimicrobial action -- Scope and layout of the present book -- 2 The Bacterial Cell Wall - A Vulnerable Shield -- Functions of the wall -- Wall structure -- Structure and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan -- Antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis -- 3 Antiseptics, Antibiotics and the Cell Membrane -- Microbe killers: antiseptics and disinfectants -- Polypeptide antibiotics -- Ionophoric antibiotics -- Polyene antibiotics -- An inhibitor of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis -- 4 Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis -- Compounds affecting the biosynthesis of nucleotide precursors -- Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis at the polymerization level -- 5 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis -- Ribosomes -- Stages in protein biosynthesis -- Puromycin -- Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA formation -- Inhibitors of initiation-complex formation and tRNA-ribosome interaction -- Inhibitors of peptide bond formation and translocation -- Nucleic acid synthesis during inhibition of protein synthesis -- Effects of inhibitors of 70S ribosomes on eukaryotic cells -- 6 Antifungal, Antiprotozoal and Antiviral Agents -- Compounds used to treat protozoal diseases -- Compounds used to treat fungal diseases -- Compounds used to treat virus diseases -- 7 Penetrating the Defences: How Antimicrobial Agents Reach Their Targets -- Cellular permeability barriers to drug penetration -- Some examples of modes of penetration of antimicrobial agents -- The exploitation of transport systems in the design of new antimicrobial agents -- 8 Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs -- The genetics of drug resistance -- Spread of drug resistance by gene transfer -- Biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance -- Bacterial tolerance -- Practical approaches to the control of drug resistance.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0825-3
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  • 11
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    The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction in the Social Sciences (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 112
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Without of course adopting a Platonic metaphysics, the eighteenth-century philosophes were Grecophiles who regarded the Athenian philosophers as their intellectual forbearers and mentors. So powerful was their identification with c1assification that ancient ideas were taken as keys to the design of the modem world, but usually the ideas were taken separately and as divided from their systematic context. The power of number was an idea the En­ lightenment thinkers deployed with their legendary passion and vigor, particularly as an instrument for social reconstruction. It is no exaggemtion to say that the role of quantities in contemporary social scientific theorizing cannot be understood with any depth absent a recollection of the philosophes' axial development of the notion of quantification. It is a commonplace that for the philosophes progress required releasing human abilities to have power over nature. Aprerequisite for this power was knowledge of the underlying causes of natural events, knowledge that required quantitative precision. Enlightenment thinkers were sufficiently aware of themselves as products of their time to appreciate the importance of a liberal social environment to the knowledge enterprise; the supposition that the reverse is also the case, that enhanced knowledge could advance social conditions, came easily.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3444-8
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  • 12
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    Lectins (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401148467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 127 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 Occurrence and isolation -- 4 Biological activities -- 5 Carbohydrate specificity -- 6 Molecular properties -- 7 Three dimensional structures -- 8 Biosynthesis -- 9 Applications -- 10 Lectin resistant cells -- 11 Functions in nature -- 12 Epilogue.
    Abstract: A characteristic property of most, or perhaps all, proteins is their ability to combine specifically and reversibly with various substances. Well known examples are enzymes that bind substrates and inhibitors, and antibodies that bind antigens. This book deals with lectins, a class of proteins that bind carbohydrates. Another characteristic property of lectins is that they agglutinate cells or precipitate polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This is because lectins are polyvalent, i.e. each lectin molecule has at least two carbohydrate binding sites to allow crosslinking between cells (by combining with sugars on their surfaces) or between sugar containing macromolecules. The agglutinating and precipitating activities of lectins are very similar to those of antibodies. They can likewise be specifically inhibited by low molecular weight compounds (haptens), which in the case of lectins are sugars or sugar containing compounds (Fig. 1.1). Not surprisingly, therefore, many of the methods used in lectin research are based on immunochemical techniques. Nevertheless, lectins are different from antibodies in several important aspects. Many lectins are found in plants, microorganisms and viruses, which do not synthesize immunoglobulins. In fact, they are found in almost all living organisms (Table 1.1) and are not confined to specific organs or tissues. Another marked difference between the two classes of compound is that antibodies are structurally similar, whereas lectins are structurally diverse. In general, lectins are oligomeric proteins composed of subunits, usually with one sugar binding site per subunit.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 History -- 3 Occurrence and isolation -- 4 Biological activities -- 5 Carbohydrate specificity -- 6 Molecular properties -- 7 Three dimensional structures -- 8 Biosynthesis -- 9 Applications -- 10 Lectin resistant cells -- 11 Functions in nature -- 12 Epilogue.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4846-7
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  • 13
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    Chiral Liquid Chromatography (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 Molecular asymmetry -- 2 The importance of enantiomer separations -- 3 Chiral liquid chromatography: past and present -- 2 Chiral Derivatization -- 4 Chiral derivatization -- 3 Direct Chiral Resolution -- 5 Chiral ligand exchange chromatography -- 6 Synthetic multiple-interaction chiral bonded phases -- 7 Immobilized proteins as HPLC chiral stationary phases -- 8 Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation -- 9 Binding to cellulose derivatives -- 10 Binding to synthetic polymers -- 11 Ion-pairing -- 12 Other direct chiral resolution methods -- 4 Strategy for Development of LC Enantiomeric Determination Methods -- 13 Consideration of other techniques -- 14 Choice of chiral LC systems -- 15 Optimization -- 5 Future Trends and Requirements -- 16 Future trends and requirements.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0861-1
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  • 14
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    Solder Paste in Electronics Packaging : Technology and Applications in Surface Mount, Hybrid Circuits, and Component Assembly (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I—Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II—Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III—Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV—Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V—Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI—Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
    Abstract: One of the strongest trends in the design and manufacture of modern electronics packages and assemblies is the utilization of surface mount technology as a replacement for through-hole tech­ nology. The mounting of electronic devices and components onto the surface of a printed wiring board or other substrate offers many advantages over inserting the leads of devices or components into holes. From the engineering viewpoint, much higher lead counts with shorter wire and interconnection lengths can be accommo­ dated. This is critical in high performance modern electronics packaging. From the manufacturing viewpoint, the application of automated assembly and robotics is much more adaptable to high lead count surface mounted devices and components. Indeed, the insertion of high lead count parts into fine holes on a substrate might often be nearly impossible. Yet, in spite of these surface mounting advantages, the utilization of surface mount technology is often a problem, primarily due to soldering problems. The most practical soldering methods use solder pastes, whose intricacies are frequently not understood by most of those involved in the engineering and manufacture of electronics assemblies. This publication is the first book devoted exclusively to explanations of the broad combination of the chemical, metallurgical, and rheological principles that are critical to the successful use of solder pastes. The critical relation­ ships between these characteristics are clearly explained and pre­ sented. In this excellent presentation, Dr. Hwang highlights three impor­ tant areas of solder paste technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I-Overview1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II-Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III-Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV-Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V-Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI-Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6050-6
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  • 15
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    Optoelectronic Technology and Lightwave Communications Systems (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides -- 1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems—The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems-The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7035-2
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  • 16
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    Fundamentals of Robotics Engineering (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 436 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: An Overview of Robotics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Robots -- II: Robotic Technology -- 3. Introduction to Robot Mechanics -- 4. Robot Electronic Design -- 5. Robotic Sensors -- 6. Vision Systems -- 7. Ultrasonic Systems -- 8. Mobile Robots -- III: Computer Hardware and Software -- 9. Computers for Robots -- 10. Robot Languages -- 11. Robot Intelligence -- IV: Robotic Applications -- 12. Robot Standards -- 13. Applications Engineering -- 14. Application-Oriented Requirements -- V: Future Considerations -- 15. Trends in Robotic Systems -- 16. New Technology -- 17. New Application Areas -- Appendix 1: Robotic Systems Manufacturers -- Appendix 2: Major University Robotics Laboratories -- Appendix 3: International Robotics Organizations.
    Abstract: Robotics engineering has progressed from an infant industry in 1961 to one including over 500 robot and allied firms around the world in 1989. During this growth period, many robotics books have been published, so me of which have served as industry standards. Until recently, the design of robotics sys­ tems has been primarily the responsibility of the mechanical engineer, and their application in factories has been the responsibility of the manufacturing engineer. Few robotics books address the many systems issues facing electron­ ics engineers or computer programmers. The mid-1980s witnessed a major change in the robotics field. The develop­ ment of advanced sensor systems (particularly vision), improvements in the intelligence area, and the desire to integrate groups of robots working together in local work cells or in factory-wide systems have greatly increased the partic­ ipation of electronics engineers and computer programmers. Further, as ro­ bots ga in mobility, they are being used in completely new areas, such as construction, firefighting, and underwater exploration, and the need for com­ puters and smart sensors has increased. Fundamentals af Rabaties Engineering is aimed at the practicing electrical engineer or computer analyst who needs to review the fundamentals of engi­ neering as applied to robotics and to understand the impact on system design caused by constraints unique to robotics. Because there are many good texts covering mechanical engineering topics, this book is limited to an overview of those topics and the effects they have on electrical design and system pro­ grams.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7050-5
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  • 17
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    Practical Organic Chemistry : A student handbook of techniques (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 The range of experimental techniques -- 1.2 Good laboratory practice -- 1.3 Safety in the laboratory -- 1.4 Keeping records -- 1.5 Samples and spectra -- 2 Carrying out reactions -- 2.1 Basic techniques -- 2.2 Special techniques -- 3 Isolation and purification of reaction products -- 3.1 Primary work-up procedures -- 3.2 Crystallization -- 3.3 Melting point -- 3.4 Distillation -- 4 Separation of organic mixtures by chromatography -- 4.1 Analytical methods -- 4.2 Preparative methods -- 4.3 Appendices -- Preparation of samples for spectroscopy -- 5.1 Infra-red -- 5.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 5.3 Mass spectrometry -- 5.4 Ultraviolet -- Finding chemical information -- 6.1 Physical properties -- 6.2 Spectroscopic properties -- 6.3 Beilstein’s Handbuch -- 6.4 Chemical Abstracts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0819-2
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  • 18
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    The Comparative Physiology of Regulatory Peptides (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides -- 1 Atrial natriuretic peptides—localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides—comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides—comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides—evolutionary aspects.
    Abstract: Strictly speaking, the term regulatory peptides may include any peptide which has a regulatory function in any organism. In recent years, how­ ever, the term has come to mean those originally classified as brain-gut peptides. The peptides initially defined as those belonging to the brain­ gut axis had a dual location in neurones of the brain and endocrine cells of the gut. We now include a number of neuropeptides found in the autonomic nervous system of the gut, the cardiovascular system and other systems. To many scientists comparative physiology means comparison of the mechanisms of certain functions in the rat, the guinea-pig, the cat and maybe some other mammal. If the philosophy is that man is the centre of the universe and other mammals can be used as 'models' of man, this may well be the most useful way to study the functions of the human being, without actually chopping somebody up. However, with a some­ what wider perspective on life, it is easy to see the importance of a full understanding of the function of all living organisms, in its own right as well as a link in the evolution towards individuals able to survive and reproduce in very different environments. The importance of com­ parative studies in all living organisms cannot be emphasized too much. It has been the ambition with this book to treat all animals as equally important.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides1 Atrial natriuretic peptides-localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides-comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides-comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides-evolutionary aspects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0835-2
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  • 19
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    Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods -- 1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon—Mann—Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
    Abstract: This book is a practical introduction to statistical techniques called nonpara­ metric methods. Using examples, we explain assumptions and demonstrate procedures; theory is kept to a minimum. We show how basic problems are tackled and try to clear up common misapprehensions so as to help both students of statistics meeting the methods for the first time and workers in other fields faced with data needing simple but informative analysis. An analogy between experimenters and car drivers describes our aim. Statistical analyses may be done by following a set of rules without understanding their logical basis, but this has dangers. It is like driving a car with no inkling ofhow the internal combustion engine, the gears, the ignition system, the brakes actually work. Understanding the rudiments helps one get better performance and makesdrivingsafer;appropriate gearchanges become a way to reduce engine stress, prolong engine life, improve fuel economy, minimize wear on brake linings. Knowing how to change the engine oil or replace worn sparking plugs is notessential for adriver, but it will reduce costs. Learning such basics will not make one a fully fledged mechanic, even less an automotive engineer; but it all contributes to more economical and safer driving, alertingone to the dangers ofbald tyres, aleakingexhaust, worn brake linings.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1223-6
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  • 20
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    Patterns of Life : Biogeography of a changing world (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401164993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: One Physical FoundationsOne The planetary and geological context of life -- Two The Earth, life, and energy cycles -- Two Past Events and their Biogeographic Significance -- Three Evolution of the biosphere -- Four Continental drift -- Five Biogeographic patterns and ice age events -- Three Present Environments and Biogeographic Patterns -- Six The climatic environment -- Seven Marine and terrestrial environments -- Eight Freshwater environments -- Nine Island environments -- Ten Environments linked through animal movements -- Eleven Organisms and environments integrated through coevolution -- Four the Human Impact -- Twelve Fire as an old and new agent of change -- Thirteen Man the maker and exterminator of plants and animals -- Fourteen Biogeographic repercussions of the intensification of agriculture -- Fifteen The impact of urban-industrial development on patterns of life -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6499-3
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  • 21
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    Surface Mount Technology : Principles and Practice (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 1 Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 2 Implementing Surface Mount Technology -- Two Designing with Surface Mounting -- 3 Surface Mount Components -- 4 Substrates for Surface Mounting -- 5 Surface Mount Design Considerations -- 6 Surface Mount Land Pattern Design -- 7 Design for Manufacturability, Testing, and Repair -- Three Manufacturing with Surface Mounting -- 8 Adhesive and Its Application -- 9 Solder Paste and Its Application -- 10 Metallurgy of Soldering and Solderability -- 11 Component Placement -- 12 Soldering of Surface Mounted Components -- 13 Flux and Cleaning -- 14 Quality Control, Repair, and Testing -- Appendix A Surface Mount Standards -- Appendix B Detailed Questionnaire for Evaluating Pick-and-Place Equipment for Surface Mounting -- Appendix C Glossary.
    Abstract: Surface Mount Technology is not a technology of tommorrow but a technology of today. It provides a quantum jump in the packaging tech­ nology to produce state-of-the-art miniaturized electronic products. How­ ever, in order to take advantage of this technology, a complete infrastruc­ ture must be put in place. This requires considerable investment in human and capital resources. Intel corporation has made these investments to keep its customers for components and systems on the leading edge of technology. Based on the experience of putting this infrastructure in place for system products, this book is written for managers who need to manage the risk during its implementation, and the practicing engineers who need to improve the design and manufacturing processes for improved yield and cost reduction. To accomplish this task, I have not only culled the infor­ mation from published materials, but have also depended on input from both my colleagues in Intel and such outside organizations as the Institute of interconnecting and Packaging electronic Circuits (IPC) , the Electronics Industries Association (EIA), and the Surface Mount Council. But the underlying basis for this book has been my first-hand experience in im­ plementing this technology for Intel Systems Group and my experience at Boeing, my previous employer. In a fast-changing technology like SMT, it is very easy to have obsolete information even before the book is published. For this reason, I have concentrated on the basic principles and practice of the technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to Surface Mounting1 Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 2 Implementing Surface Mount Technology -- Two Designing with Surface Mounting -- 3 Surface Mount Components -- 4 Substrates for Surface Mounting -- 5 Surface Mount Design Considerations -- 6 Surface Mount Land Pattern Design -- 7 Design for Manufacturability, Testing, and Repair -- Three Manufacturing with Surface Mounting -- 8 Adhesive and Its Application -- 9 Solder Paste and Its Application -- 10 Metallurgy of Soldering and Solderability -- 11 Component Placement -- 12 Soldering of Surface Mounted Components -- 13 Flux and Cleaning -- 14 Quality Control, Repair, and Testing -- Appendix A Surface Mount Standards -- Appendix B Detailed Questionnaire for Evaluating Pick-and-Place Equipment for Surface Mounting -- Appendix C Glossary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6532-7
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  • 22
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    Applied Geography: Issues, Questions, and Concerns (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400904712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 15
    DDC: 910.285
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Remote sensing ; Human Geography
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0471-2
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  • 23
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    Proceedings of the First International Conference on Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics : Proceedings of the International Conference held at the University College, Swansea 12th - 15th April, 1988 (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401174770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 398 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Implants in Medicine and Dentistry -- The importance of bending stresses in the leaflets of pericardial heart valve substitutes -- The tearing strength of chemically modified pericardium -- Prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Biomechanical and functional performance -- A comparative analysis of four types of prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the goat -- Biomaterials in Otology. Experimental aspects and general clinical implications -- Changes in the material properties and function of pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves in vivo -- Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered arterial prostheses -- The history of implants in oral surgery -- Osseointegrated implants in the mandible using Nobelpharma Implant System. -- 2 Implant Interaction with Tissue -- Biodegradation and phagocyte/polymer interaction -- Biodegradation-dependent trace element accumulation: A study of calcium phosphate ceramics and polymers -- The interaction between connective tissues and implant materials -- Computer-assisted image analysis in tissue-material interactions -- Titanium implant surfaces -- 3 Tissue/Bone Examination -- Choosing a signal for vibration analysis of fracture healing -- Collagen fibre orientation in bone -- Skeletal strain and the maintenance of bone mass -- Continuous mineral matrices in bone and dentine -- 4 Materials Examination -- Scanning electron microscope appearance of the enamel/composite/bracket boundaries in orthodontic bonding -- Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. -- Experimental mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (Zimmer/Xomed) and fibrin glue (Immuno-Austria) -- Role of design and material on stress distributions of cemented hip prostheses -- The fracture toughness of dental restorative materials -- The etching of biological material in vacuum. Paper I & II -- The Direct Deposition of Carbon, Suitable for Surgical Implants -- 5 Finite Elements in Medicine & Dentistry -- Numerical Modelling — Basis & Applications -- Finite element analysis of the elbow after joint replacement -- The use of finite element stress analysis in the assessment of tooth movement -- A finite element analysis of the natural frequencies of vibration of the human tympanic membrane. Part II -- Mathematical modelling in medicine -- Stresses along the composite resin-dentine interface analysed by the finite element method -- Improvement of mechanical strength of ceramic head for hip prosthesis by means of fitting geometry modifications: A finite element analysis -- 6 Materials Development -- Rubber reinforced polymers for bone cement — morphology and mechanical properties -- Dental application of novel morphology polymers -- Nitrided ferritic steels -- Alumina vs zirconium oxide: a comparative wear test -- 3-D porous alumina-bioglass composite coating (Poral R) for cementless ceramic hip prosthetic cup -- 7 Materials Standards and Safety -- Safety aspects of surgically-implantable devices -- The changing role of industry for implant technology -- Standards in Dentistry and Medicine -- Appendix Abstracts of Contributed Presentations -- Stress analysis using thermal emission -- The application of surface texture measurement for studying the failure of bone implants and dental fillings -- Corrosion resistance of titanium -- Fatigue testing of hip prostheses -- Conformation of adsorbed proteins and enzymes: Chymotrypsin at the polystyrene/water interface -- Interfacial shear strength and penetration of PMMA cement into bone -- History of orthopaedic implants.
    Abstract: The thirty nine papers accepted for pub1 ication in the First International Conference on 'Interfaces in Medicine & Meehani cs' at Swansea in Apri 1, 1988 represent the current state of the art in the science of implant surgery. This initial venture was planned and undertaken when the present editors and their colleagues realised the need for a closer interaction and dialogue between the clinician and. those basic scientists working in the area of implant surgery. Thi s interface, together with the real interface at the material/tissue borders, thus forms the basis of the present conference. These two ideas, we felt, were nicely and effectively captured in the drawing by Edgar Rubins (1915), a perception psycho 1 ogi st, used on the book cover and elsewhere in our 1 iterature. The Proceedings were planned with some difficulty, due to the wi de scope of the conference. However, we felt the best format was to follow the logical progression of implant development. The introductory papers and talks therefore demonstrate the scope of surgical implants in current use. The development of an implant starts with modelling of the proposed implant and its potential environment and the proceedings follow the same format. Following this, materials in current use are discussed.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7477-0
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  • 24
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    Cause, Mind, and Reality : Essays Honoring C.B. Martin (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401197342
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 290 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: C. B. Martin, A Biographical Sketch -- Cause -- C. B. Martin, Counterfactuals, Causality, and Conditionals -- Freedom and Indeterminism -- Mind -- Intention -- Remenibering ‘Remembering’ -- The Revival of ‘Fido’-Fido -- Locke’s Ideas, Abstraction, and Substance -- Why Perception is not Singular Reference -- Low Claim Assertions -- On Formulating Materialism and Dualism -- Reality -- Tense and Existence -- Propositions and Philosophical Ideas -- A Puzzle About Ontological Commitment -- Objectivity and Ideology in the Physical and Social Sciences -- Motion and Change of Distance -- On Being Ontologically Unserious -- Verificationism -- C. B. Martin, Publications 1952-1987.
    Abstract: T is said that there is no progress in philosophy. The illusion of standing I still, however, arises only when we lose sight of our history and so fail to notice the distance we have travelled. Philosophers nowadays find obvious ideas and themes that, as it happens, emerged slowly and painfully and largely in reaction to prevailing sensibilities. The essays here honour a man to whom present-day philosophy owes much: Charles Burton Martin. In reflecting on my own on-going and somewhat chaotic philosophical education, I find considerable evidence of Charlie Martin's influence. After departing graduate school, one of the first papers I succeeded in publishing consisted of an attack on Martin and Deutscher's 'Remembering'. ' After that, Charlie more or less vanished from my conscious awareness until the winter of 1985, when we appeared together in a colloquium at the Eastern Division meetings of the American Philosophical Association. Although Charlie was nominally a commentator on a paper I was delivering, his 'comments' contained more philosophy and went considerably beyond the tentative and highly circumscribed thesis I had elected to defend. Whereas my focus had been on a tiny feature of Hilary Putnam's argument against realism, Charlie went straight for the jugular, addressing matters that immediately took us into deep water.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9734-2
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  • 25
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    The Ecology of Urban Habitats (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics of urban flora and fauna -- 2.1 Proliferation of introduced species -- 2.2 Severe disturbance -- 2.3 Increased opportunities for dispersal -- 2.4 Habitat diversity -- 2.5 Taxonomic and evolutionary aspects -- 2.6 Vertebrates -- 2.7 Invertebrates -- 2.8 Planted vegetation -- 2.9 Historical factors -- 3 The urban climate and air pollution -- 3.1 Climate -- 3.2 Air pollution -- 4 Soils in urban areas -- 4.1 The classification of urban soils -- 4.2 Conspectus -- 4.3 Characteristics of urban soils -- 4.4 Brick rubble -- 4.5 Topsoiled sites -- 5 Vegetation dynamics -- 5.1 Ecological change as greenfield sites become developed -- 5.2 Ecological change as urban land is recycled -- 5.3 Postdevelopment -- 5.4 Discussion -- 6 Urban commons -- 6.1 Plants -- 6.2 Animals -- 6.3 Research opportunities -- 7 Industrial areas -- 7.1 Raw materials -- 7.2 Buildings, structures, hard landscapes -- 7.3 Energy aspects -- 7.4 Stores and warehouses -- 7.5 Solid waste material -- 7.6 Modern trends -- 8 Railways -- 8.1 The permanent way -- 8.2 Sidings -- 8.3 Brickwork and masonry -- 8.4 Verges -- 8.5 Boundary features -- 9 Roads -- 9.1 Road design -- 9.2 Exhaust emissions -- 9.3 De-icing salt -- 9.4 Traffic stress -- 9.5 Street trees -- 9.6 Grass verges -- 9.7 Animals -- 10 City centres -- 10.1 Animals -- 10.2 Vegetation -- 10.3 Interactions -- 11 City parks -- 11.1 Habitats within a park -- 11.2 Grassland -- 11.3 Growth retardants and herbicides -- 11.4 The changing wild flora of parks -- 11.5 Lakes -- 11.6 Mammals -- 11.7 Birds -- 11.8 Invertebrates -- 12 Allotments and leisure gardens -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Cultivated plots -- 12.3 Secondary successions -- 12.4 Birds -- 12.5 Supplementary habitats -- 12.6 Fostering wildlife on allotments -- 13 Cemeteries -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Structure planting -- 13.3 Shrubs -- 13.4 The ground layer -- 13.5 Grave plots -- 13.6 Relic communities -- 13.7 Succession -- 13.8 Management options -- 14 Gardens -- 14.1 Vegetation -- 14.2 Animals -- 14.3 Discussion -- 15 Rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 15.1 Urban hydrology -- 15.2 Rivers -- 15.3 Canals -- 15.4 Ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 16 Woodland -- 16.1 The archaeology of a small urban wood -- 16.2 Ancient seminatural woodland -- 16.3 Plantations on the site of ancient woodland -- 16.4 Spontaneous recent woodland -- 16.5 Plantations -- 16.6 Birds -- 17 Living with wildlife -- 17.1 The aesthetic conflict -- 17.2 Social considerations -- 17.3 Design and management -- 17.4 Benefits for all -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0821-5
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  • 26
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    Comparative Biochemistry of Parasitic Helminths (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400908338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 180 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Ascris suum: a useful model for anerobic mitochondrial metabolism and the transition in aerobic-anaerobic developing parasitic helminths -- 2 The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: serotonin) in glucose transport, intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and helminth neurobiology -- 3 What are the functions of the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the parasitic nematodes? -- 4 The physiological significance of Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase) in respiratory adaptation -- 5 Oxygen and the lower Metazoa -- 6 How do parasitic helminths use and survive oxygen and oxygen metabolites? -- 7 Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in adult schistosomes: a reappraisal -- 8 Using carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to study helminth metabolism -- 9 Detoxification reactions in parasitic helminths -- 10 Parasite transport and inactivation functions involved in antiparasitic efficacy -- 11 The molecular biology of drug resistance in parasitic helminths -- 12 Comparative biochemistry of parasites and its role in drug resistance—an investigation of species differences in tubulin -- 13 Systemic effects of helminth infections as revealed by serum LDH isozymes and kinetic parameters of transport (Vmax and K1) of the host tissue -- Helminth index.
    Abstract: When Professor John Sprent first suggested, in 1982, that the Australian Society for Parasitology should bid for the opportunity to mount the Sixth International Congress of Parasitology, the immediate reaction was one of disbelief. However, in the two years or so before ICOPA 5, in Toronto, he used his considerable powers to the utmost and spent himself unstintingly in persuading Australian parasitologists to put together a bid. The Society inevitably agreed, for it is difficult to prevent such a determined and eminent man from getting his own way! A case for an Australian venue was prepared and, as President, I was charged with the task of convincing the delegates in Toronto that Australia was worth going all the way to see. The events of that meeting are now far in the past; suffice to say that, in the end, Australia won by the narrowest of margins, largely due to the energy of my inventive colleagues who put the case for Australia at every possible and improbable moment. I do not remember a great deal about the scientific aspects of ICOPA 5. I was far too preoccupied with an awful spectre, that of telling John Sprent that I had failed, to pay attention to much other than lobbying for votes. I do remember, however, telling myself how much I would enjoy the next ICOPA without the terrible responsibility of capturing ICOPA 7.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Ascris suum: a useful model for anerobic mitochondrial metabolism and the transition in aerobic-anaerobic developing parasitic helminths2 The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: serotonin) in glucose transport, intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and helminth neurobiology -- 3 What are the functions of the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the parasitic nematodes? -- 4 The physiological significance of Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase) in respiratory adaptation -- 5 Oxygen and the lower Metazoa -- 6 How do parasitic helminths use and survive oxygen and oxygen metabolites? -- 7 Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in adult schistosomes: a reappraisal -- 8 Using carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to study helminth metabolism -- 9 Detoxification reactions in parasitic helminths -- 10 Parasite transport and inactivation functions involved in antiparasitic efficacy -- 11 The molecular biology of drug resistance in parasitic helminths -- 12 Comparative biochemistry of parasites and its role in drug resistance-an investigation of species differences in tubulin -- 13 Systemic effects of helminth infections as revealed by serum LDH isozymes and kinetic parameters of transport (Vmax and K1) of the host tissue -- Helminth index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0833-8
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  • 27
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    Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Plant Residues for Industrial and Feed Use (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400911314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall research -- Near- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The workshop reported in this volume is one of a series sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development (DG XII), under the Concerted Action Programme COST 84-bis, entitled "Use of lignocellulose containing by-products and other plant residues for animal feeding". Since COST 84-bis was established there has been a major shift of emphasis in agricultural research in Europe, with the development of alternative uses for crops and their by-products becoming a priority issue. In recognition of this recent workshops he,ld under the aegis of COST 84-bis have been equally concerned with the potential of lignocellulosic residues to form the feedstock for a variety of new and established industrial uses in addition to their established use as animal feed. Development of strategies for the use of plants or plant residues with a high cell wall content is dependant on knowledge of cell wall structure and organisation and how structure relates to the behaviour of the wall during mechanical, chemical or biological processing. Progress in cell wall research has been greatly facilitated by the substantial developments in methods of instrumental analysis that have occurred during the last decade. Plant tissues now can be examined in far greater detail and far more rapidly than was hitherto possible, often without the need for extraction or modification of the cell wall or its component polymers.
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall researchNear- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1131-4
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  • 28
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    Philosophy of Economics (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; Economics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Economics -- Arbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    Abstract: The last decade witnessed an unprecedented annual growth of the literature dealing with the philosophy of economics,as well as the first signs of an institutionalization (conferences, an international journal) of the philosophy of economics as a scientific subject in itself - in particular in the U.S. In 1981 a meeting took place with participants mainly of European "continental" origin. In July 1987, we organized a second conference "Philosophy of Economics II" at Tilburg Uni­ versity, The Netherlands, mainly aiming at the establishment of first contacts between the middle-European group and researchers from the U.S. The present volume contains the papers presented at this conference. Philosophical thought on economics in recent years split up in many different streams, two of which are represented in the larger part of this volume. The first of these streams was formed by a group of researchers mainly from middle-Europe, who make empirical studies of the logical structures of the different theories as they find them presented in economic literature. Two methods prevail here. First, the structuralist method, as exemplified in the writings of Sneed, Stegmiiller and others, of describing the object of a theory as a set of ("partial potential") models. Such models consist of sets and relationships between these sets, which represent the concepts used in the theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of EconomicsArbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2319-5
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  • 29
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    Printed Circuit Engineering : Optimizing for Manufacturability (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications -- 2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
    Abstract: I would like to present some definitions which will be helpful in understanding the purpose of this book. From The American Heritage Dictionary of the En­ glish Language: Engineer 1. A person who skillfully or shrewdly manages an enterprise. 2. To plan, construct, and manage, as an engineer. 3. To plan, manage, and put through by skillful acts, or contrivance. Engineering 1. The application of scientific principles to practical ends as the design, con­ struction, and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment and systems. 2. The profession of, or work performed by an engineer. Some words encountered in the definitions of engineer and engineering are Skillfully, Plan, and Manage. This book is concerned with engineering the man­ ufacture of printed circuit boards, and is dedicated to those people engaged in designing, planning, manufacturing, and achieving quality assurance in printed circuits. In The Handbook of Printed Circuit Manufacturing (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985), I presented detailed practical and theoretical information on the opera­ tions involved in manufacturing printed circuits. It is possible to perform each operation in an optimum fashion, and still leave room for improvement. Much of that room for improvement requires the skillful application of scientific prin­ ciples, planning, and management. It is the goal of this book to provide a sound background in industry standards and specifications, blueprint comprehension, artwork inspection, processes and tolerances, planning and quality assurance.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7003-1
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  • 30
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    Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 222 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence -- I’m OK if You’re OK: On the Notion of Trusting Communication -- Concepts of Information: Comparative Axiomatics -- Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning -- Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for Knowledge Representation -- Artificial Intelligence, Logic and Formalizing Common Sense -- Efficient Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains.
    Abstract: cians concerned with using logical tools in philosophy have been keenly aware of the limitations that arise from the original con­ centration of symbolic logic on the idiom of mathematics, and many of them have worked to create extensions of the received logical theories that would make them more generally applicable in philosophy. Carnap's Testability and Meaning, published in 1936 and 1937, was a good early example of this sort of research, motivated by the inadequacy of first-order formalizations of dis­ 'This sugar cube is soluble in water'. positional sentences like And in fact there is a continuous history of work on this topic, extending from Carnap's paper to Shoham's contribution to the present volume . . Much of the work in philosophical logic, and much of what has appeared in The Journal of Philosophical Logic, was mo­ tivated by similar considerations: work in modal logic (includ­ ing tense, deontic, and epistemic logic), intensional logics, non­ declaratives, presuppositions, and many other topics. In this sort of research, sin.ce the main point is to devise new formalisms, the technical development tends to be rather shallow in comparison with mathematical logic, though it is sel­ dom absent: theorems need to be proved in order to justify the formalisms, and sometimes these are nontrivial. On the other hand, much effort has to go into motivating a logical innovation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2448-2
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  • 31
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    Anthropology and International Health : South Asian Case Studies (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 314 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Public health ; Anthropology
    Abstract: In this book I present a series of eleven essays written between 1978 and 1987 on subjects relevant to the anthropology of health and international health. The issues addressed in these essays were investigated during 38 months of fieldwork in rural southwest peninsular India (197 4-86) and 15 months of fieldwork in southwest Sri Lanka (1983-84 ). ;During various periods of this time I conducted ethnographic fieldwork, explored the feasibility of participatory community research, facilitated the development of a postgraduate health education training program, and served as a consultant to various international health organizations. The essays document my ongoing attempts to integrate academic interests in the anthropology of health with applications of anthropology for international health and development. The volume is divided into four sections structured around the themes of: ethnophysiology, illness ethnography, pharmaceutical related behavior, and health communication. Included are studies of fertility and pregnancy (Chapters 1 and 2), states of malnutrition and approaches to nutrition education (Chapters 5 and 11 ), diarrheal disease and water boiling behavior (Chapters 6 and 1 0), and lay perceptions of fertility control methods and medicines (Chapters 3 and 7). Emerging from these studies is a recognition that perceptions of ethnophysiology and contingent health concerns signifi­ cantly influence health behavior and the use as well as demand for traditional and modern health resources.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2231-0
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  • 32
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    From Dependence to Autonomy : The Development of Asian Universities (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400925632
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Abstract: 1. Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education -- One: The Non-Colonial Experience -- 2. China’s universities and Western academic models -- 3. Looking west and east: Thailand’s academic development -- 4. Independence and choice: Western impacts on Japanese higher education -- Two: The European Colonial Tradition -- 5. The Western impact on Philippine higher education -- 6. The origin of modern Indonesian higher education -- 7. Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond -- 8. Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia -- 9. University education in Singapore: The making of a national university -- Three: The Japanese Colonial Impact -- 10. The emergence of the modern university in Korea -- 11. The development of higher education in Taiwan.
    Abstract: This book is an example of an international editorial enterprise. The two editors, located in the United States and Singapore, coordinated a team of authors in ten countries. Linked by common concerns, the lengthy process of preparing such a complex volume proved to be a pleasantly cooperative task - proof that there is a kind of invisible college of colleagues working on similar topics in different countries. This book is also an indication that scholars from the Third World and the industrialized nations can work together in a spirit of equality and understanding. This project has an interesting origin. It was first discussed at a conference on ASEAN - American higher education held in Malaysia in 1985, sponsored by the Regional Institute for Higher Education and Development, then headed by V. Selvaratnam and funded by the Asia Foundation and the Lee Foundation. At the time, geographical coverage was to be limited to the ASEAN nations. We also sought external funding, without success, to assist us in developing the project. Due to lack of funding, the project languished for a year. When one of our original participants, Andrew Gonzales of the Philippines, produced an essay, we decided to proceed without funding. We also decided to add several additional key Asian nations that we felt would provide additional analytic scope to the book. The result of this somewhat unusual collaborative effort is this volume.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher educationOne: The Non-Colonial Experience -- 2. China’s universities and Western academic models -- 3. Looking west and east: Thailand’s academic development -- 4. Independence and choice: Western impacts on Japanese higher education -- Two: The European Colonial Tradition -- 5. The Western impact on Philippine higher education -- 6. The origin of modern Indonesian higher education -- 7. Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond -- 8. Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia -- 9. University education in Singapore: The making of a national university -- Three: The Japanese Colonial Impact -- 10. The emergence of the modern university in Korea -- 11. The development of higher education in Taiwan.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2563-2
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  • 33
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    Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology: Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400911413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Measurement -- Integrated fermentor sampling and analysis -- Measurement of biological reaction rates using advanced pH control systems -- Morphological measurements on filamentous microorganisms by image analysis -- Reconciliation of measurement data in fermentation using on-line expert system -- Glucose biosensors for the study and control of bakers compressed yeast production -- Computer controlled system for on-line monitoring of a fermentation process -- 2: Modelling I -- Structured modelling of bioreactor systems -- Mathematical simulation of anaerobic stratified biofilm processes -- A new approach for development of structured growth models -- Modelling secondary metabolite production — case pleuromulin -- Modelling of kinetics, mass transfer and mixing phenomena in 45, 450 and 4500 L tank fermenters -- A software tool for fermentation modelling -- Hydrodynamic and kinetic modelling of a flocculating bioreactor with cell recycle -- Modelling and simulation of naphthalene to salicylic acid fermentation process -- 3: Modelling II — System Identification, Parmeter and State Estimation -- An introduction to system identification, parameter and state estimation -- Expert system approach to recognize the state of fermentation and to diagnose faults in bioreactors -- Toward a systematic method for the generalization of fermentation data -- Adaptive inferential estimation and its application to biomass control -- Experimental validation of a methodology for on-line state estimation in bioreactors -- Optimal feeding strategy for identification of Monod-type models by fed-batch experiments -- Identification of a simulated continuous yeast fermentation -- Structured modelling and parameter identification of budding yeast populations -- Parameter estimation of kinetics and modelling in methanogenic fermentation of Methanosarcina barkeri -- On-line estimation of cell mass using an extended Kalman filter -- Observability by pH in bioprocesses -- 4: Control I -- Process controlled temperature induction during batch fermentations for recombinant DNA products -- Application of an expert system to the operation and control of industrial antibiotic fermentation process -- IBE fermentation control -- Improvement of the penicillin production in bench-scale reactors by on-line measurement, data evaluation and parameter-adaptive control -- On-line parameter identification and computer control of an anaerobic waste water treatment process -- On experiences with expert systems in the control of bioreactors -- Intelligent purification of monoclonal antibodies -- 5: Control II -- A fed-batch process for pullulanase production -- A new approach for the control of baker’s yeast fed-batch fermentation -- Lyapunov design of convergent adaptive controllers for a class of multilinear systems arising from biotechnological applications -- A new nonlinear adaptive approach to automatic control of bioprocesses -- Adaptive algorithm for estimation and control of fed-batch bioprocesses -- Modelling and control of polygalacturonase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus -- Nonlinear estimation and adaptive control of a fed-batch fermentor -- Sensitivity analysis in static optimization of fermentation plants -- Maximum production of glutathione in fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 6: Data Management -- Management of process control data for bio-process analysis -- Data handling for fermentation development — an industrial approach -- On-line monitoring of the response of a fermentation process to nutrient additions -- A modelling approach to trouble diagnosis by multilevel fuzzy functions and its application -- Model based optimization of a SCP fermentation process -- Adaptive monitoring of bioreactor contamination -- PC-based on-line estimation of derived variables -- The use of carbon dioxide evolution rate in consistency checking other fermenter sensor outputs -- Using the downhill Simplex method to fit complex rate equations to data -- Fermentation fault diagnosis using analytical redundancy -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Richard Fox Chairman, Scientific Programme Committee Between 25th and 29th September, 1988, 243 people who either apply or research the use of computers in fermentation gathered together at Robinson College, Cambridge, UK. They came from 30 countries. The conference brought together two traditions. Firstly, it continued the series on Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology (ICCAFT) inaugurated by Henri Blanchere in Dijon in 1973 and carried forward in Philadelphia and Manchester. Secondly, it brought the expertise of the many members of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), who focused their attention on biotechnology at Noordwijkerhout in the Netherlands in December, 1985. I am happy to say that the tradition carries on and a successor meeting will hopefully take place in the USA in 1991. If you find these proceedings useful or stimulating, then we hope to see you there. We set out to make ICCAFT4 a close-knit friendly conference. We housed all who cared to in Robinson College itself and organised no parallel sessions. Because we, the organisers, experience difficulty with the jargon of our colleagues from other disciplines, we asked Bruce Beck to present a breakfast tutorial on modern control and modelling techniques, and we set up informal panel discussions after dinner on two evenings. Neville Fish chaired a forum on the microbiological principles behind models, while Professors Derek Linkens and Ron Leigh led a discussion on expert systems in control.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: MeasurementIntegrated fermentor sampling and analysis -- Measurement of biological reaction rates using advanced pH control systems -- Morphological measurements on filamentous microorganisms by image analysis -- Reconciliation of measurement data in fermentation using on-line expert system -- Glucose biosensors for the study and control of bakers compressed yeast production -- Computer controlled system for on-line monitoring of a fermentation process -- 2: Modelling I -- Structured modelling of bioreactor systems -- Mathematical simulation of anaerobic stratified biofilm processes -- A new approach for development of structured growth models -- Modelling secondary metabolite production - case pleuromulin -- Modelling of kinetics, mass transfer and mixing phenomena in 45, 450 and 4500 L tank fermenters -- A software tool for fermentation modelling -- Hydrodynamic and kinetic modelling of a flocculating bioreactor with cell recycle -- Modelling and simulation of naphthalene to salicylic acid fermentation process -- 3: Modelling II - System Identification, Parmeter and State Estimation -- An introduction to system identification, parameter and state estimation -- Expert system approach to recognize the state of fermentation and to diagnose faults in bioreactors -- Toward a systematic method for the generalization of fermentation data -- Adaptive inferential estimation and its application to biomass control -- Experimental validation of a methodology for on-line state estimation in bioreactors -- Optimal feeding strategy for identification of Monod-type models by fed-batch experiments -- Identification of a simulated continuous yeast fermentation -- Structured modelling and parameter identification of budding yeast populations -- Parameter estimation of kinetics and modelling in methanogenic fermentation of Methanosarcina barkeri -- On-line estimation of cell mass using an extended Kalman filter -- Observability by pH in bioprocesses -- 4: Control I -- Process controlled temperature induction during batch fermentations for recombinant DNA products -- Application of an expert system to the operation and control of industrial antibiotic fermentation process -- IBE fermentation control -- Improvement of the penicillin production in bench-scale reactors by on-line measurement, data evaluation and parameter-adaptive control -- On-line parameter identification and computer control of an anaerobic waste water treatment process -- On experiences with expert systems in the control of bioreactors -- Intelligent purification of monoclonal antibodies -- 5: Control II -- A fed-batch process for pullulanase production -- A new approach for the control of baker’s yeast fed-batch fermentation -- Lyapunov design of convergent adaptive controllers for a class of multilinear systems arising from biotechnological applications -- A new nonlinear adaptive approach to automatic control of bioprocesses -- Adaptive algorithm for estimation and control of fed-batch bioprocesses -- Modelling and control of polygalacturonase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus -- Nonlinear estimation and adaptive control of a fed-batch fermentor -- Sensitivity analysis in static optimization of fermentation plants -- Maximum production of glutathione in fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 6: Data Management -- Management of process control data for bio-process analysis -- Data handling for fermentation development - an industrial approach -- On-line monitoring of the response of a fermentation process to nutrient additions -- A modelling approach to trouble diagnosis by multilevel fuzzy functions and its application -- Model based optimization of a SCP fermentation process -- Adaptive monitoring of bioreactor contamination -- PC-based on-line estimation of derived variables -- The use of carbon dioxide evolution rate in consistency checking other fermenter sensor outputs -- Using the downhill Simplex method to fit complex rate equations to data -- Fermentation fault diagnosis using analytical redundancy -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1141-3
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  • 34
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    Analogical Modeling of Language (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400919068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 212 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics
    Abstract: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions -- 2. An Overview of the Book -- 1: Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language -- 1. Three Basic Types of Language Behavior -- 2. Empirical Problems -- 3. Conceptual Problems -- 2: An Analogical Approach -- 1. An Overview of the Analogical Model -- 2. Constructing the Analogical Set for a Given Context -- 3. The Exponential Effect in a Saturated Deterministic Field -- 4. Predicting the Three Basic Behaviors Analogically -- 3: Three Examples from English -- 1. Specifying the Data Set -- 2. Categorical Behavior: The Indefinite Article -- 3. Exceptional/Regular Behavior: Spelling Initial /h/ -- 4. Idiosyncratic Behavior: Voicing Onset Time -- 4: Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation -- 1. Learning Probabilities -- 2. McClelland and Rumelhart’s Connectionist Approach -- 3. Imperfect Memory and Multivariate Predictions -- 4. Rule Approaches to Language Variation -- 5. Sociolinguistic Variation in Arabic -- 5: Analogical Predictions of the Past Tense in Finnish -- 1. An Overview of the Verb Types -- 2. The Past Tense in Standard Finnish -- 3. Variation in the Past Tense -- 4. Properties of an Analogically Predicted Past Tense Form -- 5. Predicting the Past Tense for Infrequent Verbs -- 6. Predicting the Past Tense for Verbs in the Data Set -- 7. Historical Drift of the Past Tense -- 8. A Note on the Historical Development -- 6: Conclusion -- 1. Massively Parallel Processing of Analogical Sets -- 2. A Final Analogy -- References -- Appendix 1: Symbols for the Phonemes of English -- Appendix 2: Data Sets -- 1. The Indefinite Article in English -- 2. Spelling of Initial /h/ in English -- 3. Categorical Determination of /b,p/ in English -- 4. Terms of Address in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic -- 5. Past Tense in Finnish -- Appendix 3: Pascal Program.
    Abstract: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions ONE important purpose of this book is to compare two completely dif­ ferent approaches to describing language. The first of these approaches, commonly called stnlctllralist, is the traditional method for describing behavior. Its methods are found in many diverse fields - from biological taxonomy to literary criticism. A structuralist description can be broadly characterized as a system of classification. The fundamental question that a structuralist description attempts to answer is how a general contextual space should be partitioned. For each context in the partition, a rule is defined. The rule either specifies the behavior of that context or (as in a taxonomy) assigns a name to that context. Structuralists have implicitly assumed that descriptions of behavior should not only be correct, but should also minimize the number of rules and permit only the simplest possible contextual specifications. It turns out that these intuitive notions can actually be derived from more fundamental statements about the uncertainty of rule systems. Traditionally, linguistic analyses have been based on the idea that a language is a system of rules. Saussure, of course, is well known as an early proponent of linguistic structuralism, as exemplified by his characterization of language as "a self-contained whole and principle of classification" (Saussure 1966:9). Yet linguistic structuralism did not originate with Saussure - nor did it end with "American structuralism".
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions2. An Overview of the Book -- 1: Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language -- 1. Three Basic Types of Language Behavior -- 2. Empirical Problems -- 3. Conceptual Problems -- 2: An Analogical Approach -- 1. An Overview of the Analogical Model -- 2. Constructing the Analogical Set for a Given Context -- 3. The Exponential Effect in a Saturated Deterministic Field -- 4. Predicting the Three Basic Behaviors Analogically -- 3: Three Examples from English -- 1. Specifying the Data Set -- 2. Categorical Behavior: The Indefinite Article -- 3. Exceptional/Regular Behavior: Spelling Initial /h/ -- 4. Idiosyncratic Behavior: Voicing Onset Time -- 4: Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation -- 1. Learning Probabilities -- 2. McClelland and Rumelhart’s Connectionist Approach -- 3. Imperfect Memory and Multivariate Predictions -- 4. Rule Approaches to Language Variation -- 5. Sociolinguistic Variation in Arabic -- 5: Analogical Predictions of the Past Tense in Finnish -- 1. An Overview of the Verb Types -- 2. The Past Tense in Standard Finnish -- 3. Variation in the Past Tense -- 4. Properties of an Analogically Predicted Past Tense Form -- 5. Predicting the Past Tense for Infrequent Verbs -- 6. Predicting the Past Tense for Verbs in the Data Set -- 7. Historical Drift of the Past Tense -- 8. A Note on the Historical Development -- 6: Conclusion -- 1. Massively Parallel Processing of Analogical Sets -- 2. A Final Analogy -- References -- Appendix 1: Symbols for the Phonemes of English -- Appendix 2: Data Sets -- 1. The Indefinite Article in English -- 2. Spelling of Initial /h/ in English -- 3. Categorical Determination of /b,p/ in English -- 4. Terms of Address in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic -- 5. Past Tense in Finnish -- Appendix 3: Pascal Program.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1906-8
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  • 35
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    Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401167710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Agricultural Research Systems -- 1. National Agricultural Research Systems: Selected Case Histories -- 2. National Agricultural Research Systems: An Overview -- 3. Components of the National Agricultural Research Systems -- 4. International Agricultural Research Systems and Co-operation -- Two: Agricultural Research-Form and Content -- 5. The Conceptual Framework -- 6. Allocation of Resources for Agricultural Research -- 7. Planning the Research Programme -- 8. The Research Project -- Three: Human Resources in Agricultural Research -- 9. Formation of the Research Worker -- 10. Manpower Needs, Recruitment and Personnel Policy -- 11. The Research Organisation as a Social System -- Four: Organisational Structure at the Institutional Level -- 12. Structure of a National Agricultural Research Institute -- 13. Regionalisation of Agricultural Research -- Five: Administration in the Service of Research -- 14. Principles of Research Management -- 15. The Scientist as Research Administrator -- 16. Administrative Personnel and Service Units -- Six: The Transfer of Technology -- 17. National Extension Services. Selected Case Histories and Overview -- 18. The Role and Objectives of Agricultural Extension -- 19. The Structure of National Agricultural Extension Services -- 20. Human Resources in Extension -- 21. The Adoption of New Technology -- 22. The Agricultural Information System (AIS).
    Abstract: Agricultural research was probably the first and is the most widespread form of organised research in the world, and one in which both the most developed and underdeveloped countries are engaged. Whilst most forms of research activity, such as in the field of medicine, have world­ wide application, agricultural research, by its very nature, has to be regional; practically no research finding can be adopted without studying the results of its application under the infinite number of ecological situations with which the farmers of the world are faced. The improvement of agricultural production is the essential first step whereby developing countries can hope to raise their standard of living. Research is therefore an activity in which no underdeveloped country can afford not to engage; nor can countries in which agriculture has reached a high level of development and sophistication afford to neglect agricultural research. It is not because of inertia or vested interests that highly industrialised countries maintain, mostly at public expense, a costly and complex infrastructure for agricultural research. Even when problems of overproduction weigh heavily on the economy, agricultural research is considered the essential key to further progress: the objectives and goals are simply changed and adapted to the needs of the economy.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Agricultural Research Systems1. National Agricultural Research Systems: Selected Case Histories -- 2. National Agricultural Research Systems: An Overview -- 3. Components of the National Agricultural Research Systems -- 4. International Agricultural Research Systems and Co-operation -- Two: Agricultural Research-Form and Content -- 5. The Conceptual Framework -- 6. Allocation of Resources for Agricultural Research -- 7. Planning the Research Programme -- 8. The Research Project -- Three: Human Resources in Agricultural Research -- 9. Formation of the Research Worker -- 10. Manpower Needs, Recruitment and Personnel Policy -- 11. The Research Organisation as a Social System -- Four: Organisational Structure at the Institutional Level -- 12. Structure of a National Agricultural Research Institute -- 13. Regionalisation of Agricultural Research -- Five: Administration in the Service of Research -- 14. Principles of Research Management -- 15. The Scientist as Research Administrator -- 16. Administrative Personnel and Service Units -- Six: The Transfer of Technology -- 17. National Extension Services. Selected Case Histories and Overview -- 18. The Role and Objectives of Agricultural Extension -- 19. The Structure of National Agricultural Extension Services -- 20. Human Resources in Extension -- 21. The Adoption of New Technology -- 22. The Agricultural Information System (AIS).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6771-0
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  • 36
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    I.T. in Retailing : Application of Information Technology and Corporate Models in Retailing (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401164054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Retail trade. ; Computer science. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Overview of retailing: the future -- 2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media — gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future — Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
    Abstract: Retailing today is one of the largest, most buoyant and most competitive market sectors. The large, medium and small retailers, providers of systems are the major players in this market. The exploitation of information technology and the use of quantitative corporate models are emerging as key factors in determining the strength and effectiveness of marketing plans and support logistics. Many major retailers have developed considerable in-house expertise in this area and many hard­ ware manufacturers and systems houses have created special divisions to provide turn-key installations, products and services in order to exploit these opportunities. However, in the research leading up to the seminar on which this book is based, a number of important gaps in retailer useage of systems were noted. While many retailers, including the large multiples, had very sophisticated electronic point of sales devices, the information that was available was not being used to plan effective marketing and selling strategies, nor yet to plan for growth. In the medium and smaller companies there was still concern whether electronic point of sales were cost effective for them or whether being without such aids put them at a grave disadvantage vis-a-vis their larger competitors.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Overview of retailing: the future2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media - gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future - Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6405-4
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  • 37
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    Jewelry & Gems The Buying Guide : How to Buy Diamonds, Pearls, Precious and Other Popular Gems with Confidence and Knowledge (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401174633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Getting to Know Gems -- 1 Becoming Intimate with Gems -- 2 Factors of Importance—an Overview -- Two Diamonds -- 3 The Magic of Diamonds -- 4 The Importance of Cut and Proportion -- 5 Body Color -- 6 The Effect of Flaws -- 7 Weight -- 8 How to Spot a Fraud -- 9 Bait or Flamboyant Advertising -- 10 What to Ask When Buying a Diamond -- Three Colored Gemstones -- 11 The Mystery and Magic of Colored Gems -- 12 Determining Value in Colored Gems -- 13 Fraud and Misrepresentation in Colored Gems -- 14 Buying Colored Gems -- 15 Precious Gemstones -- 16 Other Colored Gems -- Four Important Advice Before you buy -- 17 How to Select a Reputable Jeweler -- 18 How to Select a Reputable Gemologist-Appraiser -- 19 A Word About Investment -- Sources for Additional Information -- A Selected List of Gem-Identification Laboratories -- National Jewelry Associations -- State Jewelers’ Associations -- Selected Readings.
    Abstract: to this edition In working with my own clients to acquire gemstones and jewelry since this book was first published in 1984, they have pointed out that most people buy "jewelry" and not "gemstones." Because the book offers so much practical advice and money-saving tips about buying jewelry, they urged me to change the title. So, in this edition The Complete Guide to Buying Gems has been changed to Jewelry & Gems: The Buying Guide. Consumer and professional response to the book has been very gratifying. Almost 14,000 hardcover copies are in circulation. We have received hundreds of letters, phone calls and in-person comments about the helpfulness and interesting information it provides. We thank you for encouraging us to make the book more widely available by bringing out this softcover edition. We have taken the opportunity of this softcover edition to update the price guides for diamonds and colored gemstones and, in light of the increase in both the popularity and price of pearls, to add a price guide for them in the "Guide to Popular Gems and Their Prices." Also, we want to take this opportunity to comment further on gem invest­ ment, taking into account major developments since the original manuscript was written in 1980.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Getting to Know Gems1 Becoming Intimate with Gems -- 2 Factors of Importance-an Overview -- Two Diamonds -- 3 The Magic of Diamonds -- 4 The Importance of Cut and Proportion -- 5 Body Color -- 6 The Effect of Flaws -- 7 Weight -- 8 How to Spot a Fraud -- 9 Bait or Flamboyant Advertising -- 10 What to Ask When Buying a Diamond -- Three Colored Gemstones -- 11 The Mystery and Magic of Colored Gems -- 12 Determining Value in Colored Gems -- 13 Fraud and Misrepresentation in Colored Gems -- 14 Buying Colored Gems -- 15 Precious Gemstones -- 16 Other Colored Gems -- Four Important Advice Before you buy -- 17 How to Select a Reputable Jeweler -- 18 How to Select a Reputable Gemologist-Appraiser -- 19 A Word About Investment -- Sources for Additional Information -- A Selected List of Gem-Identification Laboratories -- National Jewelry Associations -- State Jewelers’ Associations -- Selected Readings.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7463-3
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  • 38
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    Poultry Meat and Egg Production (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Poultry Industry -- Biological Classification -- Domestication -- American Poultry Association Classification -- Commercial Classification -- Poultry as Food-Producing Animals -- Poultry as Laboratory Animals -- World Poultry Production -- The United States Poultry Industry -- Consumption of Poultry Products -- Careers in the Poultry Industry -- References -- 2 Anatomy and Structure of the Fowl -- Feathers -- Skin -- Muscles -- Skeleton -- Circulatory System -- Body Temperature -- Respiration -- Digestion -- Mouth and Esophagus -- Crop and Proventriculus -- Gizzard -- Pancreas -- Liver -- Small Intestine -- Ceca -- Large Intestine, Rectum, and Cloaca -- Excretory System -- Nervous System -- Avian Senses -- Endocrine Organs -- References -- 3 Physiology and Reproduction in Poultry -- Endocrine System -- Physiology of Reproduction -- Reproduction -- References -- 4 Genetics and Poultry Breeding -- The Cell Theory -- Cell Division -- Gene Function -- Genetic Code -- Mutations -- Phenotypic Expression (Nonadditive) -- Phenotypic Expression of Genes (Additive) -- Heritability Estimates -- Selection -- Current Breeding Systems -- Strain Crosses -- Crossbreeding -- Selecting Superior Genetic Stock -- Progeny Testing -- Sources of Genetic Stock -- Breeds and Varieties of Chickens -- The Utilitarian Concept -- Future Poultry Genetics and Breeding -- Lethal Genes -- Parthenogenesis -- References -- 5 Incubation and Hatchery Management -- Poultry Reproduction -- Storage and Selection of Hatching Eggs -- Embryonic Development -- Extraembryonic Membranes -- Daily Embryonic Growth -- Embryonic Nutrition -- Embryonic Communication -- Embryology in Research and Teaching -- Artificial Incubation -- Modern Incubators -- Temperature -- Relative Humidity -- Air Supply -- Hatching Egg Positions -- Embryonic Mortality -- The National Poultry Improvement Plan -- Hatchery Sanitation -- Franchise Hatchery System -- Hatchery Services -- References -- 6 Social Behavior and Animal Welfare -- Social Organization -- Behavior of Feral Chickens -- Communication -- Behavior of Domestic Poultry -- Social Behavior in Growing Chicks -- Other Adult Social Behavior Characteristics -- Animal Rights -- The Humane Movement -- Animal Welfarists -- Animal Rightists -- Animal Liberationists -- Agricultural Involvement with Humane Groups -- Public Relations -- Need for a Code of Ethics -- References -- 7 Environment and Housing -- Farmstead Planning -- External Services and Utilities -- Water Supply -- Poultry Building Orientation -- Aesthetic Value -- House Construction -- Turnkey Houses -- Criteria for Selecting a Manufactured House -- Vapor Barriers -- Ventilation -- References -- 8 Poultry Nutrition -- Nutrients -- References -- 9 Diseases and Parasites of Poultry -- Disease Prevention -- Diagnostic Organs in Postmortem Examinations -- Immunology of Disease Control -- Poultry Disease Control Strategy -- Vaccination -- Nutritional Deficiency Diseases -- Protozoan Diseases -- Bacterial Diseases -- Fowl Cholera -- Nonrespiratory Bacterial Diseases -- Mycoplasma -- Viral Diseases -- Fungal and Mold Diseases -- Mycotoxicosis -- External Parasites -- Internal Parasites -- Behavioral Diseases -- Reproductive Diseases -- References -- 10 Poultry and Egg Marketing -- Assembling -- Transporting -- Assumption of Risk -- Market News -- Futures Trading -- Processing Poultry -- Further Processing -- Eggs -- Storage -- Inspection and Grading -- Packaging -- Merchandising -- New Product Development -- References -- 11 Broiler Production -- United States Broiler Industry -- World Broiler Industry -- Broiler Breeders -- Housing and Egg Production -- Care of Hatching Eggs -- The Hatchery -- Housing for Broilers -- Litter -- Brooding -- Brooding Methods -- Density -- Placement -- Management Suggestions for Partial House Brooding -- Watering Equipment -- Feeding Equipment -- Lighting Programs -- Ventilation -- Gas Concentrations -- Ventilation for Partial House Brooding -- Fan Timers -- Fan Thermostats -- Air Intakes -- Broiler Diets -- Catching and Hauling Broilers -- Grower Responsibilities -- Catching Crews -- Types of Broilers -- Roasters -- Grower Contracts -- References -- 12 Commercial Egg Production -- Starting Pullets in Cages -- Brooding -- Growing Pullets in Cages -- Managing Laying Hens in Cages -- Induced Molting -- References -- 13 Turkey Production -- Origin of the Turkey -- Color Varieties -- Turkey Genetics -- Turkey Breeder Flocks -- Turkey Breeders -- Turkey Breeder Toms -- Turkey Breeder Hens -- Artificial Insemination -- Hatching Eggs -- Hatchery Services -- Brooding -- Floor Brooding -- Floor Covering -- Brooders -- Brooder Guards -- Equipment Arrangement -- Trough Feeders -- Mechanical Feeders -- Waterers -- Rearing Turkeys -- References -- 14 Waterfowl Production -- Ducks -- Geese -- Processing Waterfowl -- Handling Waterfowl -- Pinioning -- Sexing Waterfowl -- References -- 15 Miscellaneous Poultry -- Coturnix Quail -- Bobwhite Quail -- Chukar Partridge -- Pheasants -- Guinea Fowl -- Peafowl -- Pigeons -- Swan -- References -- 16 Poultry Management Practices -- Production Management -- Specialized Procedures and Devices -- Sanitation and Waste Disposal Procedures -- Financial Management -- References.
    Abstract: Poultry Meat and Egg Production has been prepared primarily for use as a text for students taking their first courses in poultry manage­ ment. The general overall science and production practices currently in use in the industry have been characterized and described so that the student can gain insight into the industry. Reading portions of chapters before the lecture discussions and laboratory sessions will be helpful in giving students an understanding of the material. Also, this gives the instructor an opportunity to emphasize in the lectures areas of current concern in the industry, and to present topics of his or her choice in greater detail. We wish to acknowledge and thank the following scientists who reviewed and critically evaluated the several chapters and made many helpful suggestions: Dr. Bobby Barnett, Clemson University; Mr. D. O. Bell, University of California; Dr. Donald Bray (retired), University of Illinois; Dr. W. H. Burke, University of Georgia; Dr. Frank Cherms, Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms, Inc., Sonoma, California; Dr. Wen­ dell Carlson (retired), South Dakota State University; Dr. J. V. Craig, Kansas State University; Dr. K. Goodwin (retired), Pennsylvania State University; Dr. T. L. Goodwin, University of Arkansas; Dr. G. C.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Poultry IndustryBiological Classification -- Domestication -- American Poultry Association Classification -- Commercial Classification -- Poultry as Food-Producing Animals -- Poultry as Laboratory Animals -- World Poultry Production -- The United States Poultry Industry -- Consumption of Poultry Products -- Careers in the Poultry Industry -- References -- 2 Anatomy and Structure of the Fowl -- Feathers -- Skin -- Muscles -- Skeleton -- Circulatory System -- Body Temperature -- Respiration -- Digestion -- Mouth and Esophagus -- Crop and Proventriculus -- Gizzard -- Pancreas -- Liver -- Small Intestine -- Ceca -- Large Intestine, Rectum, and Cloaca -- Excretory System -- Nervous System -- Avian Senses -- Endocrine Organs -- References -- 3 Physiology and Reproduction in Poultry -- Endocrine System -- Physiology of Reproduction -- Reproduction -- References -- 4 Genetics and Poultry Breeding -- The Cell Theory -- Cell Division -- Gene Function -- Genetic Code -- Mutations -- Phenotypic Expression (Nonadditive) -- Phenotypic Expression of Genes (Additive) -- Heritability Estimates -- Selection -- Current Breeding Systems -- Strain Crosses -- Crossbreeding -- Selecting Superior Genetic Stock -- Progeny Testing -- Sources of Genetic Stock -- Breeds and Varieties of Chickens -- The Utilitarian Concept -- Future Poultry Genetics and Breeding -- Lethal Genes -- Parthenogenesis -- References -- 5 Incubation and Hatchery Management -- Poultry Reproduction -- Storage and Selection of Hatching Eggs -- Embryonic Development -- Extraembryonic Membranes -- Daily Embryonic Growth -- Embryonic Nutrition -- Embryonic Communication -- Embryology in Research and Teaching -- Artificial Incubation -- Modern Incubators -- Temperature -- Relative Humidity -- Air Supply -- Hatching Egg Positions -- Embryonic Mortality -- The National Poultry Improvement Plan -- Hatchery Sanitation -- Franchise Hatchery System -- Hatchery Services -- References -- 6 Social Behavior and Animal Welfare -- Social Organization -- Behavior of Feral Chickens -- Communication -- Behavior of Domestic Poultry -- Social Behavior in Growing Chicks -- Other Adult Social Behavior Characteristics -- Animal Rights -- The Humane Movement -- Animal Welfarists -- Animal Rightists -- Animal Liberationists -- Agricultural Involvement with Humane Groups -- Public Relations -- Need for a Code of Ethics -- References -- 7 Environment and Housing -- Farmstead Planning -- External Services and Utilities -- Water Supply -- Poultry Building Orientation -- Aesthetic Value -- House Construction -- Turnkey Houses -- Criteria for Selecting a Manufactured House -- Vapor Barriers -- Ventilation -- References -- 8 Poultry Nutrition -- Nutrients -- References -- 9 Diseases and Parasites of Poultry -- Disease Prevention -- Diagnostic Organs in Postmortem Examinations -- Immunology of Disease Control -- Poultry Disease Control Strategy -- Vaccination -- Nutritional Deficiency Diseases -- Protozoan Diseases -- Bacterial Diseases -- Fowl Cholera -- Nonrespiratory Bacterial Diseases -- Mycoplasma -- Viral Diseases -- Fungal and Mold Diseases -- Mycotoxicosis -- External Parasites -- Internal Parasites -- Behavioral Diseases -- Reproductive Diseases -- References -- 10 Poultry and Egg Marketing -- Assembling -- Transporting -- Assumption of Risk -- Market News -- Futures Trading -- Processing Poultry -- Further Processing -- Eggs -- Storage -- Inspection and Grading -- Packaging -- Merchandising -- New Product Development -- References -- 11 Broiler Production -- United States Broiler Industry -- World Broiler Industry -- Broiler Breeders -- Housing and Egg Production -- Care of Hatching Eggs -- The Hatchery -- Housing for Broilers -- Litter -- Brooding -- Brooding Methods -- Density -- Placement -- Management Suggestions for Partial House Brooding -- Watering Equipment -- Feeding Equipment -- Lighting Programs -- Ventilation -- Gas Concentrations -- Ventilation for Partial House Brooding -- Fan Timers -- Fan Thermostats -- Air Intakes -- Broiler Diets -- Catching and Hauling Broilers -- Grower Responsibilities -- Catching Crews -- Types of Broilers -- Roasters -- Grower Contracts -- References -- 12 Commercial Egg Production -- Starting Pullets in Cages -- Brooding -- Growing Pullets in Cages -- Managing Laying Hens in Cages -- Induced Molting -- References -- 13 Turkey Production -- Origin of the Turkey -- Color Varieties -- Turkey Genetics -- Turkey Breeder Flocks -- Turkey Breeders -- Turkey Breeder Toms -- Turkey Breeder Hens -- Artificial Insemination -- Hatching Eggs -- Hatchery Services -- Brooding -- Floor Brooding -- Floor Covering -- Brooders -- Brooder Guards -- Equipment Arrangement -- Trough Feeders -- Mechanical Feeders -- Waterers -- Rearing Turkeys -- References -- 14 Waterfowl Production -- Ducks -- Geese -- Processing Waterfowl -- Handling Waterfowl -- Pinioning -- Sexing Waterfowl -- References -- 15 Miscellaneous Poultry -- Coturnix Quail -- Bobwhite Quail -- Chukar Partridge -- Pheasants -- Guinea Fowl -- Peafowl -- Pigeons -- Swan -- References -- 16 Poultry Management Practices -- Production Management -- Specialized Procedures and Devices -- Sanitation and Waste Disposal Procedures -- Financial Management -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7053-6
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  • 39
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    The Printing Ink Manual (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Printing. ; Publishers and publishing. ; Chemistry, Technical.
    Abstract: 1 The Nature of Printing Inks -- 1.1 Visual characteristics of inks -- 1.2 The nature of printing inks as determined by the printing process -- 1.3 The drying characteristics -- 1.4 The adhesive nature of printing inks -- 1.5 The resistance properties of printing inks -- 2 The Printing Processes -- 2.1 The letterpress process -- 2.2 The offset lithographic process -- 2.3 The gravure process -- 2.4 The flexographic process -- 2.5 The screen printing process -- 2.6 Non-impact printing processes -- 2.7 Other printing processes -- 2.8 Print recognition -- 2.9 Substrate selection -- 2.10 The need for communication -- 3 Colour and Colour Matching -- 3.1 The physical nature of colour -- 3.2 The perception of colour -- 3.3 Additive and subtractive colour mixing -- 3.4 Origins of colour in printed material -- 3.5 Graphic reproduction -- 3.6 The measurement of colour -- 3.7 The recording of colour data and the specification of colour -- 3.8 Colour matching -- 3.9 Instrumental colour match prediction -- References -- 4 Raw Materials -- Section I Pigments -- Section II Dyestuffs -- Section III Oils -- Section IV Resins -- Section V Solvents -- Section VI Plasticisers -- Section VII Waxes -- Section VIII Driers -- Section IX Miscellaneous additives -- Section X Raw materials for radiation curing systems -- Section XI Health and safety at work -- References -- 5 Letterpress Inks -- 5.1 Nature of the process -- 5.2 General characteristics of letterpress inks -- 5.3 Physical properties -- 5.4 Raw materials -- 5.5 Letterpress ink formulation -- 5.6 Ink-related problems and their possible solutions -- 5.7 New developments -- 6 Lithographic Inks -- 6.1 General characteristics of litho inks -- 6.2 Drying mechanisms -- 6.3 Physical properties -- 6.4 Formulating principles -- 6.5 Typical inks and varnishes -- 6.6 Ink-related problems and their possible solutions -- 6.7 Recent and future trends -- 7 Gravure Inks -- 7.1 General characteristics -- 7.2 Physical properties of inks and their measurement -- 7.3 Formulating principles -- 7.4 Inks and varnishes for specific end-use applications -- 7.5 Printing ink faults -- 7.6 Future developments -- 8 Flexographic Inks -- 8.1 General characteristics of the inks -- 8.2 Physical properties of flexographic inks and their measurement -- 8.3 Formulating principles -- 8.4 Inks and varnishes for special purposes -- 8.5 Ink-related printing problems and possible solutions -- 8.6 Recent and future trends -- 9 Screen Inks -- 9.1 Important characteristics of screen inks -- 9.2 Requirements of raw materials -- 9.3 Inks for paper and board -- 9.4 Inks for impervious surfaces -- 9.5 Inks for plastic containers -- 9.6 Textile inks -- 9.7 Transfer inks -- 9.8 Overprint varnishes -- 9.9 Daylight fluorescent inks -- 9.10 Process inks -- 9.11 Metallics -- 9.12 Ink-related printing problems -- 9.13 Recent and future trends -- 10 Radiation Curable Systems -- 10.1 Electromagnetic radiation and electron beams -- 10.2 Microwave and radio frequency drying -- 10.3 Infra-red curing systems -- 10.4 Ultraviolet and electron beam curable inks and varnishes -- 10.5 Radiation curing equipment -- 10.6 State of the art and future trends -- Further reading -- 11 Inks for Special Purposes -- 11.1 Non-impact printing -- 11.2 Speciality screen inks -- 11.3 Inks for the electronics industry -- 11.4 Inks for laminated plastics -- 11.5 Inks for wallcoverings -- 11.6 Textile transfer inks -- 11.7 Sterilisation inks -- 11.8 Metal decorating -- 11.9 Letterset printing -- 12 Manufacture of Inks and Varnishes -- 12.1 General requirements -- 12.2 The manufacturing processes -- 12.3 Mixing equipment -- 12.4 Milling equipment -- 12.5 Handling, storage and manufacture of UV inks -- 12.6 Manufacture of newspaper inks -- 12.7 Handling and storage of inks -- 12.8 Modern production trends -- 12.9 The future -- 13 Rheology of Printing Inks -- 13.1 Flow in ideal systems -- 13.2 Deviations from Newtonian behaviour -- 13.3 Apparatus for the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian liquids -- 13.4 Practical measurements for non-Newtonian systems -- 13.5 Tack -- 13.6 Tack measurement -- 13.7 Ink distribution and related matters -- 13.8 Rheological measurements and machine design -- References -- 14 Testing, Control and Analysis -- 14.1 Standard tests -- 14.2 Sampling technique -- 14.3. Pigment testing -- 14.4 Chips and pre-dispersions -- 14.5 Dye testing -- 14.6 Resins -- 14.7 Varnishes and oils -- 14.8 Solvents -- 14.9 Radiation curing products -- 14.10 Miscellaneous materials -- 14.11 Ink quality control -- 14.12 Short-term ink testing -- 14.13 Long-term ink testing -- 14.14 Press performance tests -- 14.15 Dry print performance tests -- 14.16 Analysis of printing inks -- References -- Further reading -- 15 Health, Safety and the Environment -- 15.1 Handling of dangerous substances in the manufacture of printing inks -- 15.2 Mechanical and operational aspects -- 15.3 Specific printing ink applications -- 15.4 Some international constraints -- Glossary of abbreviations -- References.
    Abstract: The Printing Ink Manual was first published in 1961 under the auspices of the Society of British Printing Ink Manufacturers with the object of providing an authoritative work on printing ink technology. This, the fourth edition, continues that purpose and presents a comprehensive study of the current 'state of the art' in the ink industry. For those starting in the printing ink industry it is a textbook dealing with all aspects of the formulation and manufacture of printing ink. For the ink technician it is a practical manual and useful source of reference. For printers and users of printed material the manual supplies helpful information on the nature and behaviour of ink both on the printing press and as the finished print. Readers with a little scientific knowledge will have no difficulty in using the manual. but as in previous editions, sufficient chemistry and physics have been introduced to assist the advanced technician and research scientist.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Nature of Printing Inks1.1 Visual characteristics of inks -- 1.2 The nature of printing inks as determined by the printing process -- 1.3 The drying characteristics -- 1.4 The adhesive nature of printing inks -- 1.5 The resistance properties of printing inks -- 2 The Printing Processes -- 2.1 The letterpress process -- 2.2 The offset lithographic process -- 2.3 The gravure process -- 2.4 The flexographic process -- 2.5 The screen printing process -- 2.6 Non-impact printing processes -- 2.7 Other printing processes -- 2.8 Print recognition -- 2.9 Substrate selection -- 2.10 The need for communication -- 3 Colour and Colour Matching -- 3.1 The physical nature of colour -- 3.2 The perception of colour -- 3.3 Additive and subtractive colour mixing -- 3.4 Origins of colour in printed material -- 3.5 Graphic reproduction -- 3.6 The measurement of colour -- 3.7 The recording of colour data and the specification of colour -- 3.8 Colour matching -- 3.9 Instrumental colour match prediction -- References -- 4 Raw Materials -- Section I Pigments -- Section II Dyestuffs -- Section III Oils -- Section IV Resins -- Section V Solvents -- Section VI Plasticisers -- Section VII Waxes -- Section VIII Driers -- Section IX Miscellaneous additives -- Section X Raw materials for radiation curing systems -- Section XI Health and safety at work -- References -- 5 Letterpress Inks -- 5.1 Nature of the process -- 5.2 General characteristics of letterpress inks -- 5.3 Physical properties -- 5.4 Raw materials -- 5.5 Letterpress ink formulation -- 5.6 Ink-related problems and their possible solutions -- 5.7 New developments -- 6 Lithographic Inks -- 6.1 General characteristics of litho inks -- 6.2 Drying mechanisms -- 6.3 Physical properties -- 6.4 Formulating principles -- 6.5 Typical inks and varnishes -- 6.6 Ink-related problems and their possible solutions -- 6.7 Recent and future trends -- 7 Gravure Inks -- 7.1 General characteristics -- 7.2 Physical properties of inks and their measurement -- 7.3 Formulating principles -- 7.4 Inks and varnishes for specific end-use applications -- 7.5 Printing ink faults -- 7.6 Future developments -- 8 Flexographic Inks -- 8.1 General characteristics of the inks -- 8.2 Physical properties of flexographic inks and their measurement -- 8.3 Formulating principles -- 8.4 Inks and varnishes for special purposes -- 8.5 Ink-related printing problems and possible solutions -- 8.6 Recent and future trends -- 9 Screen Inks -- 9.1 Important characteristics of screen inks -- 9.2 Requirements of raw materials -- 9.3 Inks for paper and board -- 9.4 Inks for impervious surfaces -- 9.5 Inks for plastic containers -- 9.6 Textile inks -- 9.7 Transfer inks -- 9.8 Overprint varnishes -- 9.9 Daylight fluorescent inks -- 9.10 Process inks -- 9.11 Metallics -- 9.12 Ink-related printing problems -- 9.13 Recent and future trends -- 10 Radiation Curable Systems -- 10.1 Electromagnetic radiation and electron beams -- 10.2 Microwave and radio frequency drying -- 10.3 Infra-red curing systems -- 10.4 Ultraviolet and electron beam curable inks and varnishes -- 10.5 Radiation curing equipment -- 10.6 State of the art and future trends -- Further reading -- 11 Inks for Special Purposes -- 11.1 Non-impact printing -- 11.2 Speciality screen inks -- 11.3 Inks for the electronics industry -- 11.4 Inks for laminated plastics -- 11.5 Inks for wallcoverings -- 11.6 Textile transfer inks -- 11.7 Sterilisation inks -- 11.8 Metal decorating -- 11.9 Letterset printing -- 12 Manufacture of Inks and Varnishes -- 12.1 General requirements -- 12.2 The manufacturing processes -- 12.3 Mixing equipment -- 12.4 Milling equipment -- 12.5 Handling, storage and manufacture of UV inks -- 12.6 Manufacture of newspaper inks -- 12.7 Handling and storage of inks -- 12.8 Modern production trends -- 12.9 The future -- 13 Rheology of Printing Inks -- 13.1 Flow in ideal systems -- 13.2 Deviations from Newtonian behaviour -- 13.3 Apparatus for the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian liquids -- 13.4 Practical measurements for non-Newtonian systems -- 13.5 Tack -- 13.6 Tack measurement -- 13.7 Ink distribution and related matters -- 13.8 Rheological measurements and machine design -- References -- 14 Testing, Control and Analysis -- 14.1 Standard tests -- 14.2 Sampling technique -- 14.3. Pigment testing -- 14.4 Chips and pre-dispersions -- 14.5 Dye testing -- 14.6 Resins -- 14.7 Varnishes and oils -- 14.8 Solvents -- 14.9 Radiation curing products -- 14.10 Miscellaneous materials -- 14.11 Ink quality control -- 14.12 Short-term ink testing -- 14.13 Long-term ink testing -- 14.14 Press performance tests -- 14.15 Dry print performance tests -- 14.16 Analysis of printing inks -- References -- Further reading -- 15 Health, Safety and the Environment -- 15.1 Handling of dangerous substances in the manufacture of printing inks -- 15.2 Mechanical and operational aspects -- 15.3 Specific printing ink applications -- 15.4 Some international constraints -- Glossary of abbreviations -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7097-0
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  • 40
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    Major Companies of the USA 1988/89 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 1022 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1297-7
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  • 41
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    The Democratic Perspective : Political and Social Philosophy (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (386p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One — The Convergence of Interests -- I The Nature of the Social Bond -- II The General Will Leitmotiff -- Two — Public Good and Public Demand -- III Bias, Descriptive and Other -- IV The Opacity of Results -- V The Opacity of Satisfaction Prognosis — Needs -- VI The Opacity of Satisfaction Prognosis — Perspectives -- VII the opacity of satisfaction prognosis — Demands -- Three — Procedural Proposals -- VIII Constitutionalism -- IX Sequentialism -- X Pluralism.
    Abstract: Section 1 One of the big problems facing us is the need to plan for the betterment and improvement of society. In any status quo there are many unsatisfactory moments and experience shows that with changing conditions, even those elements of our communal structure that work well will often get out of step and become a problem. We need then to introduce devices both to alleviate present troubles and, if possible, to anticipate future ones. On the whole, it might appear to the untutored eye that the matter is relatively simple. For instance, if we keep increasing prices of commodities without increasing incomes, and especially if we allow inflation to proceed unfettered as well, the situation will certainly deteriorate. What we need to.
    Description / Table of Contents: One - The Convergence of InterestsI The Nature of the Social Bond -- II The General Will Leitmotiff -- Two - Public Good and Public Demand -- III Bias, Descriptive and Other -- IV The Opacity of Results -- V The Opacity of Satisfaction Prognosis - Needs -- VI The Opacity of Satisfaction Prognosis - Perspectives -- VII the opacity of satisfaction prognosis - Demands -- Three - Procedural Proposals -- VIII Constitutionalism -- IX Sequentialism -- X Pluralism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3671-3
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  • 42
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    Chemical Sensors (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401091541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 326 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Molecular and ionic recognition by biological systems -- 2 Molecular and ionic recognition by chemical methods -- 3 Organic sensor materials in entangled and polymer-bound matrices for ion-selective electrodes -- 4 Conducting polymers -- 5 Chemically modified electrodes -- 6 Immunoassay techniques -- 7 Selective chemical transduction based on chemoreceptive control of membrane ion permeability -- 8 Voltammetric and amperometric transducers -- 9 Potentiometric transducers -- 10 MOSFET devices -- 11 Thick film devices -- 12 Catalytic devices -- 13 Spectroscopic and fibre-optic transducers -- 14 Piezoelectric transducers.
    Abstract: At the beginning of this book, and in the absence of guidance from IUPAC, it is appropriate to clarify the term 'chemical sensor'. A chemical sensor may be defined as a simple-to-use, robust device that is capable of reliable quantitative or qualitative recognition of atomic, molecular or ionic species. It is hard to imagine a field of applied chemistry in which a significant impact could not be made by such a device. Undoubtedly, it is this potential that has fuelled the contemporary preoccupation with chemical sensors. An unfortunate side-effect of this otherwise welcome interest is the use of the term 'chemical sensor' to add the chemical equivalent of a 'High-Tech gloss' to a rather ordinary device, publication, conference or research group. This loose usage of terminology is responsible in part for the ambiguity that surrounds many chemists' concepts of the form and function of chemical sensors. Further ambiguity arises from the extravagant claims that have been made for some sensors, and the impression that has been given of much 'verging-on-a-breakthrough' research. The research chemist engaged in sensor development should be mindful of the fact that the ultimate target for these devices is the real world, and that a successful laboratory device operating under well-defined conditions and careful calibration does not constitute a chemical sensor. Research into chemical sensors is not a recent phenomenon; it has been under way for over 80 years.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Molecular and ionic recognition by biological systems2 Molecular and ionic recognition by chemical methods -- 3 Organic sensor materials in entangled and polymer-bound matrices for ion-selective electrodes -- 4 Conducting polymers -- 5 Chemically modified electrodes -- 6 Immunoassay techniques -- 7 Selective chemical transduction based on chemoreceptive control of membrane ion permeability -- 8 Voltammetric and amperometric transducers -- 9 Potentiometric transducers -- 10 MOSFET devices -- 11 Thick film devices -- 12 Catalytic devices -- 13 Spectroscopic and fibre-optic transducers -- 14 Piezoelectric transducers.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9154-1
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  • 43
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    Petrology of the Sedimentary Rocks (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401196406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Seventh Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Soils -- Soil-forming processes -- Soil classification -- Modern and ancient soil types -- References -- 3 Sedimentary structures -- Bedding -- Ripples, dunes and cross-bedding -- Turbidites, graded beds and sole structures -- Deformational structures -- Biogenic structures -- References -- 4 Rudaceous deposits -- Classification -- Composition of pebbles -- Shape and roundness of pebbles -- Sedentary rudaceous deposits -- Transported rudaceous deposits -- References -- 5 Arenaceous deposits -- Classification -- Varieties of sandstone -- Diagenesis -- Accessory minerals -- References -- 6 Argillaceous deposits page -- Composition -- Diagenesis -- Clay minerals and environment -- Marine deposits -- Freshwater and terrestrial deposits -- References -- 7 Limestones -- Composition -- Classification -- Allochemical limestones -- Orthochemical limestones -- Terrestrial deposits -- Reef rocks and buildups -- Diagenesis -- References -- 8 Magnesian limestones and dolomites -- Dolomitization -- Magnesitic deposits -- References -- 9 Siliceous deposits -- Forms of silica -- Silica deposition -- Biogenic siliceous sediments -- References -- 10 Ferruginous deposits -- Sedimentary iron ore minerals -- Transportation and deposition of iron -- Ironstones and iron-formations -- Non-marine ironstones -- References -- 11 Carbonaceous and bituminous deposits page -- Organic constitution of coals -- Rank in coals -- Humic coals -- Sapropelic coals -- Oil-shales -- References -- 12 Phosphatic deposits -- Sedimentary phosphate minerals -- Constitution and classification of phosphorites -- Controls on marine phosphorite deposition -- Bedded marine phosphorites -- Phosphatic nodules -- Terrestrial phosphates -- References -- 13 Evaporites -- Controls on evaporite precipitation -- Classification -- Terrestrial salt deposits -- Marine salt deposits -- Ancient evaporites -- References -- 14 Volcaniclastic deposits -- Classification and constitution -- Pyroclastic deposits -- Hydroclastic (hyaloclastic) deposits -- Associated sediments -- Diagenetic derivatives -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9640-6
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  • 44
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    Perfumery : The psychology and biology of fragrance (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Biological Underpinnings of Scents -- 1 Human odour culture: a zoological perspective -- 2 The molecular dimension in perfumery -- 3 The significance of odorous steroids in axillary odour -- II Developmental and Social Aspects of Fragrance -- 4 The acquisition of odour hedonics -- 5 Perfume as a tactic of impression management in social and organizational settings -- III Odour Perception and the Language of the Brain -- 6 Contingent negative variation (CNV) and the psychological effects of odour -- 7 Emotion and the brain -- IV Fragrance Therapies -- 8 Anxiety reduction using fragrances -- 9 Essential oils as psychotherapeutic agents -- V The Consumer and Perfume -- 10 The psychology of fragrance selection -- 11 Perfume, people, perceptions and products -- 12 Selling perfume: a technique or an art? -- 13 Fragrance education and the psychology of smell -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: in 1951 Oellinek, 1951), until the conference held at the University of Warwick in 1986 there has previously never been a joint meeting of the industrial and academic disciplines relating to the sense of smell. Each year brings the launchings of many new perfumes; the respective national perfumery societies hold meetings; conferences on the sense of smell take place. These events involve the exchange of important knowledge relating to perfumes but the information remains largely isolated. The Warwick Olfaction Research Group is unusual in that it is led by two people, one of whom is a practising perfumer with an understanding of what it means to be asked to create a perfume, and the other a psychologist with an expertise in the area of emotion. Our interaction (Dodd and Van Toller, 1983) was a potent stimulus to hold the First International Conference on the Psychology of Perfumery. The main purpose of the meeting was to see if there was a framework that would knit the area together into a coherent set of ideas and also to give new perspectives to the study of perfumes. We invited speakers from all areas of the discipline. Thus, the meeting brought together people from the fragrance industry, academics and aromatherapists into a forum for debate. Besides the scientific basis of smell and perfumery, other important topics, including the important one of educating the general public about; olfaction and perfume, were discussed.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Biological Underpinnings of Scents1 Human odour culture: a zoological perspective -- 2 The molecular dimension in perfumery -- 3 The significance of odorous steroids in axillary odour -- II Developmental and Social Aspects of Fragrance -- 4 The acquisition of odour hedonics -- 5 Perfume as a tactic of impression management in social and organizational settings -- III Odour Perception and the Language of the Brain -- 6 Contingent negative variation (CNV) and the psychological effects of odour -- 7 Emotion and the brain -- IV Fragrance Therapies -- 8 Anxiety reduction using fragrances -- 9 Essential oils as psychotherapeutic agents -- V The Consumer and Perfume -- 10 The psychology of fragrance selection -- 11 Perfume, people, perceptions and products -- 12 Selling perfume: a technique or an art? -- 13 Fragrance education and the psychology of smell -- References -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1215-1
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  • 45
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    An Introduction to Vegetation Analysis : Principles, practice and interpretation (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401197373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Nature of vegetation and analytical approaches -- Purposes of vegetation analysis -- Phytosociological and more objective methods -- Samples -- Types of data -- 2 Field methods -- Primary survey – many species -- More detailed field work – one or a few species -- Plotless sampling -- 3 Fundamental principles of analytical methods -- The geometric model -- Classification and ordination -- Normal and inverse analyses -- Qualitative and quantitative data -- Species of low occurrence in a data set – retain or discard? -- 4 Case studies – introduction -- Artificial Data -- Iping Common – a lowland heath -- Coed Nant Lolwyn – a deciduous wood -- 5 Association between species and similarity between stands -- Concepts -- Qualitative data -- Quantitative data -- Comparisons of similarity coefficients -- 6 Classification -- Normal Association Analysis -- Types of classification -- Divisive monothetic methods -- Agglomerative polythetic methods -- Divisive polythetic methods -- Comparison of the methods by the examples results -- Inverse classifications -- Nodal Analysis (Lambert & Williams 1962) -- 7 Ordination -- A classification of ordinations -- Direct Gradient Analysis – one factor -- Direct Gradient Analysis – many factors -- Indirect Gradient Analysis – one factor -- Indirect Gradient Analysis – many factors (ordination sensu stricto) -- Polar ordination -- Non-polar ordination -- Comparisons of ordination methods -- 8 Correlations between vegetation and environment -- Single species -- Several species -- Environmental factors in associations -- 9 Case studies analyses -- Iping Common -- Coed Nant Lolwyn -- Concluding remarks on vegetation analysis results -- References -- Indices.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionNature of vegetation and analytical approaches -- Purposes of vegetation analysis -- Phytosociological and more objective methods -- Samples -- Types of data -- 2 Field methods -- Primary survey - many species -- More detailed field work - one or a few species -- Plotless sampling -- 3 Fundamental principles of analytical methods -- The geometric model -- Classification and ordination -- Normal and inverse analyses -- Qualitative and quantitative data -- Species of low occurrence in a data set - retain or discard? -- 4 Case studies - introduction -- Artificial Data -- Iping Common - a lowland heath -- Coed Nant Lolwyn - a deciduous wood -- 5 Association between species and similarity between stands -- Concepts -- Qualitative data -- Quantitative data -- Comparisons of similarity coefficients -- 6 Classification -- Normal Association Analysis -- Types of classification -- Divisive monothetic methods -- Agglomerative polythetic methods -- Divisive polythetic methods -- Comparison of the methods by the examples results -- Inverse classifications -- Nodal Analysis (Lambert & Williams 1962) -- 7 Ordination -- A classification of ordinations -- Direct Gradient Analysis - one factor -- Direct Gradient Analysis - many factors -- Indirect Gradient Analysis - one factor -- Indirect Gradient Analysis - many factors (ordination sensu stricto) -- Polar ordination -- Non-polar ordination -- Comparisons of ordination methods -- 8 Correlations between vegetation and environment -- Single species -- Several species -- Environmental factors in associations -- 9 Case studies analyses -- Iping Common -- Coed Nant Lolwyn -- Concluding remarks on vegetation analysis results -- References -- Indices.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9737-3
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  • 46
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    The Context of Medicines in Developing Countries : Studies in Pharmaceutical Anthropology (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (394 pages)
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing Ser. v.12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.4
    Keywords: Materia medica-Developing countries ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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    GBV
  • 47
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    The Economics of Forestry : Modern Theory and Practice (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Forestry policy: an historic overview2 Forestry in some selected Western countries and the European Economic Community -- 3 A cost-benefit analysis of public sector forestry in the United Kingdom by using ordinary discounting -- 4 Modified discounting and its application to forestry -- 5 Private sector forestry -- 6 The optimum rotation problem in forestry -- I Discounted cash flows/discount factors -- II Discount factors for the UK on the basis of MDM -- III Derivation of social interest rates for the UK, the US and Canada -- IV Recent developments in forestry policy in the United Kingdom -- Author index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6078-0
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  • 48
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    Gemstones (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400911918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Formation and occurrence of gemstones -- 1.1 Formation of inclusions -- 1.2 Inclusions in the major gemstones -- 1.3 Photographing inclusions -- 2 The nature of gemstones -- 2.1 Valency -- 2.2 Bonding -- 2.3 The building blocks of crystals -- 2.4 Polymorphism and isomorphism -- 2.5 The classification of minerals -- 2.6 Crystal structure -- 2.7 Properties of crystals -- 2.8 Gem crystals -- 3 Gem testing -- 3.1 Hardness -- 3.2 Gemstones and light -- 3.3 Specific gravity -- 4 Recent developments in gem testing -- 4.1 Thermal conductivity -- 4.2 Measurement of refractive index -- 4.3 Measurement of reflectivity -- 4.4 Surface assessment -- 4.5 X-ray topography -- 4.6 The electron microscope -- 4.7 The electron microprobe -- 4.8 Electron paramagnetic resonance -- 4.9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry -- 4.10 UV spectrophotometry -- 5 Colour -- 5.1 The physics of colour -- 5.2 The chemistry of colour -- 5.3 Colour filters -- 5.4 The spectroscope -- 5.5 Alteration of colour -- 6 Fashioning -- 6.1 Fashioning of diamond -- 6.2 Other stones -- 7 Gemstones in commerce -- 7.1 Diamond grading -- 7.2 Buying gemstones -- 8 Descriptive section: inorganic materials -- 9 Descriptive section: organic materials -- 10 Synthetic and imitation stones -- 10.1 Crystal growth from solution -- 10.2 Growth by flame-fusion -- 10.3 Hydrothermal growth -- 10.4 Crystal pulling -- 10.5 Flux-melt growth -- 10.6 Manufacture of important stones -- 10.7 Composites -- 10.8 Glass -- 10.9 Metals -- 10.10 Ceramics -- 10.11 Plastics -- Appendix A Identification tables -- A1 Specific gravity -- A2 Refractive index -- A3 Birefringence -- A4 Dispersion -- A5 Hardness -- A6 Cleavage -- A7 Less common and trade names -- Appendix B Useful sources of information -- Appendix C Birthstones.
    Abstract: Gemstones is the first attempt in English to bring together the geological, mineralogical and gemmological developments that have taken place during the last thirty years. Though there have been many gemstone books published in that time, most have been concerned, understandably and rightly, with the science of gem testing and have covered that area very well. Details of the geological occurrence of many of the classic gemstones, and of nearly all those which have only recently been discovered, have been less adequately dealt with. Coverage has been restricted to a number of papers in a wide variety of geological and mineralogical journals. Gemstones hopes to get the balance right. In the preparation of the book all the journals and monographs in the field have been consulted so that the book should stand for some years as the authority to which gemmologists and others turn in the first instance. Ease of reference and depth of coverage make Gemstones both a reference book and a bench book. Acknow ledgements I am grateful to Brian Jackson of the Department of Geology, Royal Museums of Scotland who read the manuscript and painstakingly indicated places where amendment or alteration was needed. I am also grateful to the publishers of the books on which the line illustrations are based. The colour plates present in the book derive from a number of sources, which I would like to acknowledge as follows. Plates 1, 4-15 and 17 Crown copyright reserved.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Formation and occurrence of gemstones1.1 Formation of inclusions -- 1.2 Inclusions in the major gemstones -- 1.3 Photographing inclusions -- 2 The nature of gemstones -- 2.1 Valency -- 2.2 Bonding -- 2.3 The building blocks of crystals -- 2.4 Polymorphism and isomorphism -- 2.5 The classification of minerals -- 2.6 Crystal structure -- 2.7 Properties of crystals -- 2.8 Gem crystals -- 3 Gem testing -- 3.1 Hardness -- 3.2 Gemstones and light -- 3.3 Specific gravity -- 4 Recent developments in gem testing -- 4.1 Thermal conductivity -- 4.2 Measurement of refractive index -- 4.3 Measurement of reflectivity -- 4.4 Surface assessment -- 4.5 X-ray topography -- 4.6 The electron microscope -- 4.7 The electron microprobe -- 4.8 Electron paramagnetic resonance -- 4.9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry -- 4.10 UV spectrophotometry -- 5 Colour -- 5.1 The physics of colour -- 5.2 The chemistry of colour -- 5.3 Colour filters -- 5.4 The spectroscope -- 5.5 Alteration of colour -- 6 Fashioning -- 6.1 Fashioning of diamond -- 6.2 Other stones -- 7 Gemstones in commerce -- 7.1 Diamond grading -- 7.2 Buying gemstones -- 8 Descriptive section: inorganic materials -- 9 Descriptive section: organic materials -- 10 Synthetic and imitation stones -- 10.1 Crystal growth from solution -- 10.2 Growth by flame-fusion -- 10.3 Hydrothermal growth -- 10.4 Crystal pulling -- 10.5 Flux-melt growth -- 10.6 Manufacture of important stones -- 10.7 Composites -- 10.8 Glass -- 10.9 Metals -- 10.10 Ceramics -- 10.11 Plastics -- Appendix A Identification tables -- A1 Specific gravity -- A2 Refractive index -- A3 Birefringence -- A4 Dispersion -- A5 Hardness -- A6 Cleavage -- A7 Less common and trade names -- Appendix B Useful sources of information -- Appendix C Birthstones.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1191-8
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  • 49
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    Surface Coatings-2 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400913516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Waterborne Coatings -- 2. Electrodeposition of Paints -- 3. Acoustic Emission Testing of Coatings -- 4. Organic Coatings in Corrosion Protection -- 5. Galvanized Reinforcements in Concrete -- 6. Titanium Dioxide for Surface Coatings.
    Abstract: The science and technology of surface coatings continues to advance. Among the key areas are polymer chemistry, as new binders are developed to meet increasingly stringent environmental demands; testing and evaluation, as the need to understand the factors affecting coatings performance becomes ever more intense; and studies of that enduring problem, corrosion of metal substrates, from which coatings of ever­ improving effectiveness are emerging. We have in this present volume of the series continued to cover aspects of these numerous developments. There are chapters on waterborne paint, a subject of increasing environmental importance, by J. W. Nicholson, and by H.-J. Streitberger and R. P. Osterloh; on a new and sophisticated test method, acoustic emission (R. D. Rawlings); and on anticorrosion coatings both organic (W. Funke) and inorganic (M. C. Andrade and A. Macias). Finally, that topic of immense practical importance to paint technology, pigmentation, is covered in a chapter by the late T. Entwistle. All the authors have brought considerable experience in their chosen field of coatings technology to the preparation of their chapters, all of which are timely reviews of developing topics. We are grateful to each author for helping in the preparation of this volume, and for putting their experience at the disposal of the wide audience for whom this book is intended.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Waterborne Coatings2. Electrodeposition of Paints -- 3. Acoustic Emission Testing of Coatings -- 4. Organic Coatings in Corrosion Protection -- 5. Galvanized Reinforcements in Concrete -- 6. Titanium Dioxide for Surface Coatings.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1351-6
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  • 50
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    Plant Evolutionary Biology (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An overview of evolutionary biology1 Essays in comparative evolution. The need for evolutionary comparisons -- 2 Molecular evolution and species phylogeny -- 2 Evolution and variation in plant chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes -- 3 Organization and evolution of sequences in the plant nuclear genome -- 4 Onagraceae as a model of plant evolution -- 5 Phylogenetic aspects of the evolution of self-pollination -- 6 Evolution of mating systems in cultivated plants -- Editors’ commentary on Part 2 -- 3 Development and evolution -- 7 Ontogeny and phylogeny: phytohormones as indicators of labile changes -- Editors’ commentary on Part 3 -- 4 Adaptation: two perspectives -- 8 Biophysical limitations on plant form and evolution -- 9 Evolution and adaptation in Encelia (Asteraceae) -- Editors’ commentary on Part 4 -- 5 Genetics and ecology of populations -- 10 Natural selection of flower color polymorphisms in morning glory populations -- 11 Genetic variation and environmental variation: expectations and experiments -- 12 Local differentiation and the breeding structure of plant populations -- Editors’ commentary on Part 5 -- 6 Life histories in a community context -- 13 Vegetational mosaics, plant-animal interactions and resources for plant growth -- 14 The C-S-R model of primary plant strategies - origins, implications and tests -- Editors’ commentary on Part 6 -- Epilogue.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1207-6
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  • 51
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    Putting the Just-In-Time Philosophy into Practice : A Strategy for Production Managers (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401178105
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Problems of manufacturing management -- Just-in-time -- Implementation: the five steps -- 2 Traditional Manufacturing Management -- Inventory control policies -- Materials requirements planning systems -- Manufacturing resource planning: MRP II -- MRP problems -- 3 Just-In-Time Overview -- JIT is not a software package -- JIT is not a methodology -- Attack fundamental problems -- Eliminate waste -- Strive for simplicity -- Devise systems to identify problems -- Cost/benefit of implementing JIT -- Conclusion and summary -- 4 Step 1 : Getting the Ball Rolling -- Basic understanding -- Preliminary education -- Cost/benefit analysis -- Commitment -- Go/no go decision -- JIT project team selection -- Identifying the pilot plant -- Conclusion -- 5 Step 2: Education — The Make or Break Issue -- What is JIT education? -- Who needs JIT education? -- What should be covered? -- Conclusion -- 6 Step 3: Process Improvements -- Set-up time reduction -- How is low set-up time achieved? -- Preventative maintenance -- Changing to flow lines -- Conclusion -- 7 Step 4: Control Improvements -- Simple control -- Pull systems -- Kanban systems -- Linking MRP with pull/Kanban systems -- Shop floor control and quality at source -- Conclusion -- 8 Step 5: Vendor/Customer Links -- Links with vendors -- Multi-sourcing versus single-sourcing -- Short- versus long-term agreements -- Local versus distant suppliers -- How to implement links with vendors -- Links with customers -- Conclusion -- 9 JIT Implementation — The Proven Path -- How long should the implementation take? -- The implementation sequence — the proven path -- Case study A -- Case study B -- Conclusion -- 10 Summary and Conclusion -- Just-in-time systems -- Potential pitfalls -- The future -- Bibliography and Futher Reading.
    Abstract: This book describes both the essential features of Just-In-Time (JIT) how JIT can be successfully approaches to manufacturing and implemented. JIT marks a significant departure from previous western approaches to manufacturing management, and aims to improve quality levels and customer service while decreasing lead times and inventory levels. The use of simple though effective methods can, with proper management, lead to continual improvements in the manufacturing operation. A number of companies have now implemented JIT and some of these implementations have been very successful. However, what is becoming increasingly clear is that there is a significant number of JIT implementations that fail to achieve the potential benefits of JIT. It is not an easy task, and there are a number of pitfalls that await the unwary manager. My motivation for writing this book has been my experience of working with companies that have been successful in JIT and of seeing what needs to be done and how the implementing most common pitfalls can be avoided. The book is oriented towards batch manufacturing since this accounts for a large proportion of manufacturing in most western countries. Other types (including process, mass and jobbing) can also profitably use many of the JIT techniques to improve their operation.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionProblems of manufacturing management -- Just-in-time -- Implementation: the five steps -- 2 Traditional Manufacturing Management -- Inventory control policies -- Materials requirements planning systems -- Manufacturing resource planning: MRP II -- MRP problems -- 3 Just-In-Time Overview -- JIT is not a software package -- JIT is not a methodology -- Attack fundamental problems -- Eliminate waste -- Strive for simplicity -- Devise systems to identify problems -- Cost/benefit of implementing JIT -- Conclusion and summary -- 4 Step 1 : Getting the Ball Rolling -- Basic understanding -- Preliminary education -- Cost/benefit analysis -- Commitment -- Go/no go decision -- JIT project team selection -- Identifying the pilot plant -- Conclusion -- 5 Step 2: Education - The Make or Break Issue -- What is JIT education? -- Who needs JIT education? -- What should be covered? -- Conclusion -- 6 Step 3: Process Improvements -- Set-up time reduction -- How is low set-up time achieved? -- Preventative maintenance -- Changing to flow lines -- Conclusion -- 7 Step 4: Control Improvements -- Simple control -- Pull systems -- Kanban systems -- Linking MRP with pull/Kanban systems -- Shop floor control and quality at source -- Conclusion -- 8 Step 5: Vendor/Customer Links -- Links with vendors -- Multi-sourcing versus single-sourcing -- Short- versus long-term agreements -- Local versus distant suppliers -- How to implement links with vendors -- Links with customers -- Conclusion -- 9 JIT Implementation - The Proven Path -- How long should the implementation take? -- The implementation sequence - the proven path -- Case study A -- Case study B -- Conclusion -- 10 Summary and Conclusion -- Just-in-time systems -- Potential pitfalls -- The future -- Bibliography and Futher Reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7810-5
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  • 52
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    Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 786 p) , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1 General Discussion on the Stability of Nutrients -- 2 The Major Food Groups, Their Nutrient Content, and Principles of Food Processing -- 2 Nutrients in Food-Raw and Processed -- 3 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Vegetables -- 4 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Fruits -- 5 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Cereals -- 6 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Legumes and Oilseeds -- 7 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Meat -- 8 Effects of Agricultural Practices on Milk and Dairy Products -- 9 Effects of Agricultural Practices on Poultry and Eggs -- 10 Effects of Handling, Processing, and Storage on Fish and Shellfish -- 3 Effects of Commercial Processing and Storage on Nutrients -- 11 Effects of Freeze Preservation on Nutrients -- 12 Effects of Heat Processing on Nutrients -- 13 Effects of Baking on Nutrients -- 14 Effects of Extrusion Processing on Nutrients -- 15 Effects of Moisture Removal on Nutrients -- 16 Effects of Fermentation on the Nutritional Properties of Food -- 17 Effects of Treatment with Food Additives on Nutrients -- 18 Use of Ionizing Radiation to Preserve Food -- 19 Stability of Nutrients during Storage of Processed Foods -- 4 Effects of Preparation and Service of Food on Nutrients -- 20 Effects of Food Preparation Procedures in Nutrient Retention with Emphasis on Foodservice Practices -- 21 Effects of Home Food Preparation Practices on Nutrient Content of Foods -- 5 Nutrification, Legal Aspects, and Nutrient Analysis -- 22 Addition of Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids to Foods -- 23 Protein Complementation of Foods -- 24 Improving the Nutritional Quality of Vegetables through Plant Breeding -- 25 The Role of the United States Government in Regulating the Nutritional Value of the Food Supply -- 26 The Contribution of Consumption of Processed Food to Nutrient Intake Status in the united States -- 27 Methodology for Nutrient Analysis -- 28 Nutrient Data Banks for Nutrient Evaluation in Foods.
    Abstract: Dramatic changes in the attitudes toward human nutrition have taken place dur­ ing the past decade. Food-related and medical professionals as well as consumers are now, more than ever before, aware of and concerned about diet, nutrition, and the beneficial and deleterious effects of food processing upon nutrients. The old saying "We are what we eat" is still relevant. Nutritious food will contribute greatly to consumers' good health and ultimately reduce medical bills. Food processing is essential to maintaining our food reserves from one harvest to another, thus letting us serve our daily meals regularly. If food processing is defined as including all treatments of foodstuffs from harvest to consumption, then more than 95% of our food may be considered as processed. In most cases, food processing and storage cause some reduction in the nutritional value of foods. Advances in food science and food technology have resulted in an increase in nu­ trient retention after processing. In addition, today's consumer better understands how to avoid excessive nutrient losses during food preparation. The information presented in this completely revised reference and textbook will help the reader to understand better the relationship between food processing and nutrient retention. The authors' scholarly contributions are greatly appreciated.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 General Discussion on the Stability of Nutrients -- 2 The Major Food Groups, Their Nutrient Content, and Principles of Food Processing -- 2 Nutrients in Food-Raw and Processed -- 3 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Vegetables -- 4 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Fruits -- 5 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Cereals -- 6 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Legumes and Oilseeds -- 7 Effects of Agricultural Practices, Handling, Processing, and Storage on Meat -- 8 Effects of Agricultural Practices on Milk and Dairy Products -- 9 Effects of Agricultural Practices on Poultry and Eggs -- 10 Effects of Handling, Processing, and Storage on Fish and Shellfish -- 3 Effects of Commercial Processing and Storage on Nutrients -- 11 Effects of Freeze Preservation on Nutrients -- 12 Effects of Heat Processing on Nutrients -- 13 Effects of Baking on Nutrients -- 14 Effects of Extrusion Processing on Nutrients -- 15 Effects of Moisture Removal on Nutrients -- 16 Effects of Fermentation on the Nutritional Properties of Food -- 17 Effects of Treatment with Food Additives on Nutrients -- 18 Use of Ionizing Radiation to Preserve Food -- 19 Stability of Nutrients during Storage of Processed Foods -- 4 Effects of Preparation and Service of Food on Nutrients -- 20 Effects of Food Preparation Procedures in Nutrient Retention with Emphasis on Foodservice Practices -- 21 Effects of Home Food Preparation Practices on Nutrient Content of Foods -- 5 Nutrification, Legal Aspects, and Nutrient Analysis -- 22 Addition of Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids to Foods -- 23 Protein Complementation of Foods -- 24 Improving the Nutritional Quality of Vegetables through Plant Breeding -- 25 The Role of the United States Government in Regulating the Nutritional Value of the Food Supply -- 26 The Contribution of Consumption of Processed Food to Nutrient Intake Status in the united States -- 27 Methodology for Nutrient Analysis -- 28 Nutrient Data Banks for Nutrient Evaluation in Foods.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7030-7
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  • 53
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    Outlines of Entomology (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 408 p) , online resource
    Edition: Seventh Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0508-0
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  • 54
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    Facing the Holocaust in Budapest : The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943-1945 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401769358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 492 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Rozett, Robert BOOK REVIEWS 1991
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6935-8
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  • 55
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    Probability : Methods and measurement (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 291 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Probability and its laws -- 1.1 Uncertainty and probability -- 1.2 Direct measurement -- Exercises 1(a) -- 1.3 Betting behaviour -- 1.4 Fair bets -- 1.5 The Addition Law -- Exercises 1(b) -- 1.6 The Multiplication Law -- 1.7 Independence -- Exercises 1(c) -- 2 Probability measurements -- 2.1 True probabilities -- Exercises 2(a) -- 2.2 Elaboration -- Exercises 2(b) -- 2.3 The disjunction theorem -- Exercises 2(c) -- 2.4 The sum theorem -- Exercises 2(d) -- 2.5 Partitions -- 2.6 Symmetry probability -- Exercises 2(e) -- 3 Bayes’ theorem -- 3.1 Extending the argument -- Exercises 3(a) -- 3.2 Bayes’ theorem -- 3.3 Learning from experience -- Exercises 3(b) -- 3.4 Zero probabilities in Bayes’ theorem -- 3.5 Example: disputed authorship -- 4 Trials and deals -- 4.1 The product theorem -- 4.2 Mutual independence -- Exercises 4(a) -- 4.3 Trials -- 4.4 Factorials and combinations -- Exercises 4(b) -- 4.5 Binomial probabilities -- Exercises 4(c) -- 4.6 Multinomial probabilities -- Exercises 4(d) -- 4.7 Deals -- 4.8 Probabilities from information -- Exercises 4(e) -- 4.9 Properties of deals -- 4.10 Hypergeometric probabilities -- Exercises 4(f) -- 4.11 Deals from large collections -- Exercises 4(g) -- 5 Random variables -- 5.1 Definitions -- 5.2 Two or more random variables -- Exercises 5(a) -- 5.3 Elaborations with random variables -- 5.4 Example: capture-recapture -- 5.5 Example: job applications -- Exercises 5(b) -- 5.6 Mean and standard deviation -- Exercises 5(c) -- 5.7 Measuring distributions -- 5.8 Some standard distributions -- Exercises 5(d) -- 6 Distribution theory -- 6.1 Deriving standard distributions -- 6.2 Combining distributions -- Exercises 6(a) -- 6.3 Basic theory of expectations -- 6.4 Further expectation theory -- Exercises 6(b) -- 6.5 Covariance and correlation -- Exercises 6(c) -- 6.6 Conditional expectations -- 6.7 Linear regression functions -- Exercises 6(d) -- 7 Continuous distributions -- 7.1 Continuous random variables -- 7.2 Distribution functions -- Exercises 7(a) -- 7.3 Density functions -- 7.4 Transformations and expectations -- Exercises 7(b) -- 7.5 Standard continuous distributions -- Exercises 7(c) -- 7.6 Two continuous random variables -- 7.7 Example: heat transfer -- Exercises 7(d) -- 7.8 Random variables of mixed type -- Exercises 7(e) -- 7.9 Continuous distribution theory -- Exercises 7(f) -- 8 Frequencies -- 8.1 Exchangeable propositions -- 8.2 The finite characterization -- Exercises 8(a) -- 8.3 De Finetti’s theorem -- 8.4 Updating -- Exercises 8(b) -- 8.5 Beta prior distributions -- Exercises 8(c) -- 8.6 Probability and frequency -- 8.7 Calibration -- 9 Statistical models -- 9.1 Parameters and models -- 9.2 Exchangeable random variables -- Exercises 9(a) -- 9.3 Samples -- 9.4 Measuring mean and variance -- Exercises 9(b) -- 9.5 Exchangeable parametric models -- 9.6 The normal location model -- Exercises 9(c) -- 9.7 The Poisson model -- 9.8 Linear estimation -- Exercises 9(d) -- 9.9 Postscript -- Appendix — Solutions to exercises.
    Abstract: This book is an elementary and practical introduction to probability theory. It differs from other introductory texts in two important respects. First, the per­ sonal (or subjective) view of probability is adopted throughout. Second, emphasis is placed on how values are assigned to probabilities in practice, i.e. the measurement of probabilities. The personal approach to probability is in many ways more natural than other current formulations, and can also provide a broader view of the subject. It thus has a unifying effect. It has also assumed great importance recently because of the growth of Bayesian Statistics. Personal probability is essential for modern Bayesian methods, and it can be difficult for students who have learnt a different view of probability to adapt to Bayesian thinking. This book has been produced in response to that difficulty, to present a thorough introduction to probability from scratch, and entirely in the personal framework.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Probability and its laws1.1 Uncertainty and probability -- 1.2 Direct measurement -- Exercises 1(a) -- 1.3 Betting behaviour -- 1.4 Fair bets -- 1.5 The Addition Law -- Exercises 1(b) -- 1.6 The Multiplication Law -- 1.7 Independence -- Exercises 1(c) -- 2 Probability measurements -- 2.1 True probabilities -- Exercises 2(a) -- 2.2 Elaboration -- Exercises 2(b) -- 2.3 The disjunction theorem -- Exercises 2(c) -- 2.4 The sum theorem -- Exercises 2(d) -- 2.5 Partitions -- 2.6 Symmetry probability -- Exercises 2(e) -- 3 Bayes’ theorem -- 3.1 Extending the argument -- Exercises 3(a) -- 3.2 Bayes’ theorem -- 3.3 Learning from experience -- Exercises 3(b) -- 3.4 Zero probabilities in Bayes’ theorem -- 3.5 Example: disputed authorship -- 4 Trials and deals -- 4.1 The product theorem -- 4.2 Mutual independence -- Exercises 4(a) -- 4.3 Trials -- 4.4 Factorials and combinations -- Exercises 4(b) -- 4.5 Binomial probabilities -- Exercises 4(c) -- 4.6 Multinomial probabilities -- Exercises 4(d) -- 4.7 Deals -- 4.8 Probabilities from information -- Exercises 4(e) -- 4.9 Properties of deals -- 4.10 Hypergeometric probabilities -- Exercises 4(f) -- 4.11 Deals from large collections -- Exercises 4(g) -- 5 Random variables -- 5.1 Definitions -- 5.2 Two or more random variables -- Exercises 5(a) -- 5.3 Elaborations with random variables -- 5.4 Example: capture-recapture -- 5.5 Example: job applications -- Exercises 5(b) -- 5.6 Mean and standard deviation -- Exercises 5(c) -- 5.7 Measuring distributions -- 5.8 Some standard distributions -- Exercises 5(d) -- 6 Distribution theory -- 6.1 Deriving standard distributions -- 6.2 Combining distributions -- Exercises 6(a) -- 6.3 Basic theory of expectations -- 6.4 Further expectation theory -- Exercises 6(b) -- 6.5 Covariance and correlation -- Exercises 6(c) -- 6.6 Conditional expectations -- 6.7 Linear regression functions -- Exercises 6(d) -- 7 Continuous distributions -- 7.1 Continuous random variables -- 7.2 Distribution functions -- Exercises 7(a) -- 7.3 Density functions -- 7.4 Transformations and expectations -- Exercises 7(b) -- 7.5 Standard continuous distributions -- Exercises 7(c) -- 7.6 Two continuous random variables -- 7.7 Example: heat transfer -- Exercises 7(d) -- 7.8 Random variables of mixed type -- Exercises 7(e) -- 7.9 Continuous distribution theory -- Exercises 7(f) -- 8 Frequencies -- 8.1 Exchangeable propositions -- 8.2 The finite characterization -- Exercises 8(a) -- 8.3 De Finetti’s theorem -- 8.4 Updating -- Exercises 8(b) -- 8.5 Beta prior distributions -- Exercises 8(c) -- 8.6 Probability and frequency -- 8.7 Calibration -- 9 Statistical models -- 9.1 Parameters and models -- 9.2 Exchangeable random variables -- Exercises 9(a) -- 9.3 Samples -- 9.4 Measuring mean and variance -- Exercises 9(b) -- 9.5 Exchangeable parametric models -- 9.6 The normal location model -- Exercises 9(c) -- 9.7 The Poisson model -- 9.8 Linear estimation -- Exercises 9(d) -- 9.9 Postscript -- Appendix - Solutions to exercises.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1211-3
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  • 56
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    Rocks and Landforms (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401159838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 General background -- Spatial scale -- Rock resistance -- Mechanisms of rock control -- Conclusions -- 2 Rock type and landform assemblages -- Igneous rocks -- Metamorphic rocks -- Sedimentary rocks -- Assessment of landform assemblages -- Spatial distribution of rock types -- Other rock classifications -- Conclusions -- 3 Landscape evolution and rock properties -- Slope angle, form and processes -- Denudation rates -- Slope development on horizontally bedded rocks -- Drainage basin properties -- Bedrock meanders -- Drainage patterns -- Conclusions -- 4 Rock strength and resistance -- Hardness and toughness -- Porosity, permeability and water absorption -- Strength and rock deformation -- Appraisal -- 5 Resistance to weathering -- Chemical weathering -- Chemical weathering of minerals -- Chemical weathering of rocks -- Physical weathering -- Conclusions -- 6 Weathering profiles and landform development -- Weathering front -- Weathering profile differentiation -- Weathering grades -- Weathering depths -- Weathering and the water table -- Spatial patterns of weathering profiles -- Duricrusts -- Weathering profiles and slope form -- Weathering and rock strength -- Weathering and slope instability -- Threshold slopes -- 7 Instability in jointed and fissured rock -- Characteristics of jointed rock -- Unloading joints and rebound phenomena -- Models of jointed rock behaviour -- Rock mass strength classifications -- Strength equilibrium slopes -- Modes of rock failure -- 8 Landforms on granitic rocks -- Inselbergs -- Domed inselbergs (bornhardts) -- Tors (boulder inselbergs) -- Landscape types -- Conclusions -- 9 Properties and landforms of mudrocks -- Terminology of mudrocks -- Composition of mudrocks -- Consolidation and unloading of mudrocks -- Consistency limits -- Microstructure -- Macrostructure -- Shear strength -- Weathering effects -- Swelling and shrinkage -- Landslides and slope development -- Mudslides -- Sensitive clays -- Conclusions -- 10 A rock-landform synthesis -- Landforms of glacial erosion -- Marine cliffs and shore platforms -- Rocks, landforms and climate -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: Geomorphology can be defined simply as the study of landforms. Landforms are the result of the interaction between what Ritter (1978) has called the driving and resisting forces. The driving forces or processes are the methods by which energy is exerted on earth materials and include both surface, geomorphological or exogenous processes and subsurface, geological or endogenous processes. The resisting forces are the surface materials with their inherent resistances determined by a complex combination of rock properties. Stated in these simple terms it would be expected that both sides of the equation be given equal weight in syntheses of landform evolution. However, this has not been the case. Until about the 1950s, geomorphology was mainly descriptive and concerned with producing time-dependent models of landscape evolution. Although the form of the land was the main focus, there was little detailed mention of process and scant attention to the properties of surface materials. There were, of course, exceptions. In the late 19th century G.K. Gilbert was stressing the equilibrium between landforms and processes. Many hydrologists were examining the detailed workings of river 'systems and drainage basins, culminating in the classic paper of Horton (1945).
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General backgroundSpatial scale -- Rock resistance -- Mechanisms of rock control -- Conclusions -- 2 Rock type and landform assemblages -- Igneous rocks -- Metamorphic rocks -- Sedimentary rocks -- Assessment of landform assemblages -- Spatial distribution of rock types -- Other rock classifications -- Conclusions -- 3 Landscape evolution and rock properties -- Slope angle, form and processes -- Denudation rates -- Slope development on horizontally bedded rocks -- Drainage basin properties -- Bedrock meanders -- Drainage patterns -- Conclusions -- 4 Rock strength and resistance -- Hardness and toughness -- Porosity, permeability and water absorption -- Strength and rock deformation -- Appraisal -- 5 Resistance to weathering -- Chemical weathering -- Chemical weathering of minerals -- Chemical weathering of rocks -- Physical weathering -- Conclusions -- 6 Weathering profiles and landform development -- Weathering front -- Weathering profile differentiation -- Weathering grades -- Weathering depths -- Weathering and the water table -- Spatial patterns of weathering profiles -- Duricrusts -- Weathering profiles and slope form -- Weathering and rock strength -- Weathering and slope instability -- Threshold slopes -- 7 Instability in jointed and fissured rock -- Characteristics of jointed rock -- Unloading joints and rebound phenomena -- Models of jointed rock behaviour -- Rock mass strength classifications -- Strength equilibrium slopes -- Modes of rock failure -- 8 Landforms on granitic rocks -- Inselbergs -- Domed inselbergs (bornhardts) -- Tors (boulder inselbergs) -- Landscape types -- Conclusions -- 9 Properties and landforms of mudrocks -- Terminology of mudrocks -- Composition of mudrocks -- Consolidation and unloading of mudrocks -- Consistency limits -- Microstructure -- Macrostructure -- Shear strength -- Weathering effects -- Swelling and shrinkage -- Landslides and slope development -- Mudslides -- Sensitive clays -- Conclusions -- 10 A rock-landform synthesis -- Landforms of glacial erosion -- Marine cliffs and shore platforms -- Rocks, landforms and climate -- Conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5983-8
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  • 57
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    The Biology of Estuarine Management (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170871
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Importance of estuaries -- Dymanamic role -- Scope of volume -- Suggested reading -- 1 The Estuary as a Resource -- 1.1 History of estuarine usage -- 1.2 Types and values of usage -- 1.3 Shipping -- 1.4 Domestic and industrial wastes -- 1.5 Fishing -- 1.6 Amenity -- 2 The Estuarine System -- 2.1 Estuarine classification -- 2.2 Sediment processes -- 2.3 Geochemical cycles -- 2.4 Primary production -- 2.5 Secondary pruduction -- 2.6 Energy flow -- 2.7 Environmental stresses -- 3 Impacts, Contamination and Pollution -- 3.1 Impacts -- 3.2 Contamination and pollution -- 3.3 Sewage and organic wastes -- 3.4 Heat -- 3.5 Hydrocarbons -- 3.6 Heavy metals -- 3.7 Organochlorines -- 3.8 Radioactivity -- 4 Effects and Detection -- 4.1 Indices -- 4.2 Biological indicators -- 4.3 Dose/response relationship -- 4.4 Community responses -- 4.5 Population responses -- 4.6 Individual responses -- 4.7 Cellular and sub-cellular responses -- 4.8 Overview -- 5 Management -- 5.1 Goals -- 5.2 Uniform Emission Standards and Best Available Technology -- 5.3 Environmental Quality Objective -- 5.4 Discharge Location -- 5.5 Environmental Quality Standards -- 5.6 International legislation -- 5.7 Future developments.
    Abstract: Estuaries are the interface between man and the sea. and they are the channels for the impact of man on the marine environment. Because they are to a greater or lesser extent connected to the sea. they have traditionally been regarded as part of that seemingly infinite resource. or at best an open-ended means of access to it. This approach has led to conflicts between the users of the estuary. and with the increase not only in population but more particularly in the developed countries in manufacturing output. these conflicts have become more and more acute . The estuary should always be regarded as a resource. and a finite resource at that. and the problem in management is to optimise the use of that resource. It is clearly wasteful and inefficient not to use it to its full capacity. and this includes both overuse of the system. such that the whole thing collapses. and underuse. in which there is still spare capacity for one use or another. The objective of this book is to explore the uses to which estuaries are put and the means by which the performance of the system under load may be assessed. It seems appropriate here to mention that although this book will be talking about estuaries. the majority of it will be applicable also to lagoons. semi-enclosed bays and other such systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Importance of estuariesDymanamic role -- Scope of volume -- Suggested reading -- 1 The Estuary as a Resource -- 1.1 History of estuarine usage -- 1.2 Types and values of usage -- 1.3 Shipping -- 1.4 Domestic and industrial wastes -- 1.5 Fishing -- 1.6 Amenity -- 2 The Estuarine System -- 2.1 Estuarine classification -- 2.2 Sediment processes -- 2.3 Geochemical cycles -- 2.4 Primary production -- 2.5 Secondary pruduction -- 2.6 Energy flow -- 2.7 Environmental stresses -- 3 Impacts, Contamination and Pollution -- 3.1 Impacts -- 3.2 Contamination and pollution -- 3.3 Sewage and organic wastes -- 3.4 Heat -- 3.5 Hydrocarbons -- 3.6 Heavy metals -- 3.7 Organochlorines -- 3.8 Radioactivity -- 4 Effects and Detection -- 4.1 Indices -- 4.2 Biological indicators -- 4.3 Dose/response relationship -- 4.4 Community responses -- 4.5 Population responses -- 4.6 Individual responses -- 4.7 Cellular and sub-cellular responses -- 4.8 Overview -- 5 Management -- 5.1 Goals -- 5.2 Uniform Emission Standards and Best Available Technology -- 5.3 Environmental Quality Objective -- 5.4 Discharge Location -- 5.5 Environmental Quality Standards -- 5.6 International legislation -- 5.7 Future developments.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7087-1
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  • 58
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    Achieving Extraordinary Ends: An Essay on Creativity (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Context -- The Contemporary View -- Problems with the Contemporary View -- I Originality -- Originality, Novelty, and Continuity -- Art -- Science and Technology -- Mathematics -- Problem-Solving and Originality in Everyday Life -- Summary -- II Value -- Value in Art -- Value in Science -- Art and Science -- Summary -- III Product, Process, Person -- Product -- Process -- Persons -- Summary -- IV Rules, Skills, and Knowledge -- Rules and Art -- Rules and Science -- Knowledge and Problem-Solving -- Summary -- V The Something More -- Art and the Something More -- Science and the Something More -- Generation and Criticism -- Emotion and Attitude -- Fostering Creativity.
    Abstract: CREATIVITY HAS become a popular slogan in contemporary education and society. We are urged continually to be creative with respect to all our endeavours - to be creative writers, creative cooks, creative teachers, creative thinkers, creative lovers. Ascribing creativity has become one of the principal means of praising, approving, and commending. Yet in the process of becoming a universal term of positive evaluation, the concept of creativity has tended to lose its connection with its origins. We have forgotten that creativity has to do with creating, that it is connected with great achievements and quality productions. And as a consequence of this lapse of memory, most attempts to foster creativity in educational practice have been misleading at best and dangerous at worst. We have come to settle for the encouragement of certain personality traits at the expense of the encouragement of significant achievement - and this in the name of creativity. If we are not clear about what is meant by creativity, we may end up sacrificing creativity precisely in the process of trying to foster it. This book is an attempt to be clear about creativity. The Context For the poet is an airy thing, a winged and a holy thing; and he cannot make poetry until he becomes inspired and goes out of his senses and no mind is left in him. l Plato If creativity and its growth are to be viewed scientifically, creativity must be defined in a way that permits objective observation and measurement . . .
    Description / Table of Contents: The ContextThe Contemporary View -- Problems with the Contemporary View -- I Originality -- Originality, Novelty, and Continuity -- Art -- Science and Technology -- Mathematics -- Problem-Solving and Originality in Everyday Life -- Summary -- II Value -- Value in Art -- Value in Science -- Art and Science -- Summary -- III Product, Process, Person -- Product -- Process -- Persons -- Summary -- IV Rules, Skills, and Knowledge -- Rules and Art -- Rules and Science -- Knowledge and Problem-Solving -- Summary -- V The Something More -- Art and the Something More -- Science and the Something More -- Generation and Criticism -- Emotion and Attitude -- Fostering Creativity.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2780-3
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  • 59
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    The Eukaryote Genome in Development and Evolution (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401159913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Molecular Organization of Genomes1.1 Dissecting genomes -- 1.2 DNA components of genomes -- 2 Developmental Activities of Genomes -- 2.1 From egg to adult -- 2.2 The genetic control of development in Drosophila melanogaster -- 2.3 General principles of development -- 2.4 Genome alterations during development -- 3 Coding Capacities of Genomes -- 3.1 Gene regulation in eukaryotes -- 3.2 Drosophila genomes -- 3.3 Comparative genome organization -- 3.4 Gene dosage relationships -- 3.5 The developmental dilemma -- 4 Genome Change and Evolutionary Change -- 4.1 The basis of evolutionary change -- 4.2 Stability and change in the genome -- 4.3 Nucleotype and genotype -- 4.4 Genome change and speciation -- 4.5 Changes in genome size -- 4.6 Summary statement -- 5 The Unsolved Problem - The Origin of Morphological Novelty -- 5.1 Timing adjustments -- 5.2 Binary switch mechanisms -- 5.3 Cell interactions -- 5.4 Cell position -- 5.5 The evolutionary dilemma -- 6 Coda -- 6.1 Facts and conclusions -- 6.2 Future prospects -- 6.3 Final statement -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5991-3
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  • 60
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    Simulating the Earth : Experimental Geochemistry (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401164962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The scope -- 1.1 The questions -- 1.2 Experimental philosophy -- 1.3 Conclusions -- 2 The good experiment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The conditions -- 2.3 What goes in: starting materials -- 2.4 Measurement imperfections -- 2.5 What comes out: analytical techniques -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3 The machines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Machines for “easy” conditions (atmospheric pressure) -- 3.3 Machines for near-surface hydrothermal conditions -- 3.4 Moderate pressure: crust-upper-mantle machines -- 3.5 Ultra-pressure machines -- 3.6 Machines for thermodynamic measurements -- 3.7 Conclusions -- 4 Metamorphic experiments on solid-solid reactions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Reactions involving pure phases -- 4.3 Displaced equilibria and activity measurements -- 4.4 Displaced equilibria with two solid solutions -- 4.5 Coexisting solid solutions -- 4.6 Putting it all together -- 5 Metamorphic experiments on solid-fluid reactions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid generation and control -- 5.3 Devolatilization experiments -- 5.4 Mineral-fluid interactions -- 6 Just fluids -- 6.1 Objectives -- 6.2 Volumetric measurements: P-V-T -- 6.3 Speciation from solubility -- 6.4 Speciation from spectroscopy -- 6.5 Speciation from electrical conductivity -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Igneous experiments on melts and crystals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Atmospheric pressure experiments -- 7.3 Crustal magmas -- 7.4 Experiments at mantle pressures -- 7.5 Trace element behavior -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Igneous experiments on melts and fluids -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Volatile solubilities in melts -- 8.3 Spectroscopic measurements and speciation methods -- 8.4 Distribution of elements between melts and fluids -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Physical properties of Earth materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Viscosity of silicate melts -- 9.3 Diffusion -- 9.4 Crystal growth -- 9.5 Elastic properties -- 9.6 Conclusions -- A.1 Measuring temperature -- A.2 Measuring and generating pressure -- A.3 Controlling oxygen fugacity -- A.4 Materials -- A.5 Preparation of starting materials -- Bibliography/References.
    Abstract: This is a book about the why and how of doing experiments on rocks, minerals, magmas, and fluids. It could have as logically been subtitled "Experimental petrology" as "Experimental geochemistry," but we chose geochemistry to emphasize the broad and overlapping nature of current experimental work. We have tried to aim the book at a general readership which we hope will include advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and anyone else interested in learning something about experimental petrology. Although we hope there will be something of interest for the practicing experimentalist, our aim is at the non-experimentalist interested in learning why experiments are useful, what kind of experiments can be done, and what some of the major problems and limitations are and how they can best be avoided. The result of a journey through this book should be an ability to evaluate published experimental work critically and a knowledge of the kinds of problems an experimentalist might be able to help solve. Some details of experimental technique are included in the Appendix for those readers who want to "get their hands dirty. " Indeed, one of our main incentives for writing this book was to try to encourage more petrologists and geochemists to become experimentalists. In our pedagogical approach we have chosen to discuss a small number of case histories as illustrations of principles and techniques. We have tried to select studies we regard as well executed.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The scope1.1 The questions -- 1.2 Experimental philosophy -- 1.3 Conclusions -- 2 The good experiment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The conditions -- 2.3 What goes in: starting materials -- 2.4 Measurement imperfections -- 2.5 What comes out: analytical techniques -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3 The machines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Machines for “easy” conditions (atmospheric pressure) -- 3.3 Machines for near-surface hydrothermal conditions -- 3.4 Moderate pressure: crust-upper-mantle machines -- 3.5 Ultra-pressure machines -- 3.6 Machines for thermodynamic measurements -- 3.7 Conclusions -- 4 Metamorphic experiments on solid-solid reactions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Reactions involving pure phases -- 4.3 Displaced equilibria and activity measurements -- 4.4 Displaced equilibria with two solid solutions -- 4.5 Coexisting solid solutions -- 4.6 Putting it all together -- 5 Metamorphic experiments on solid-fluid reactions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid generation and control -- 5.3 Devolatilization experiments -- 5.4 Mineral-fluid interactions -- 6 Just fluids -- 6.1 Objectives -- 6.2 Volumetric measurements: P-V-T -- 6.3 Speciation from solubility -- 6.4 Speciation from spectroscopy -- 6.5 Speciation from electrical conductivity -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Igneous experiments on melts and crystals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Atmospheric pressure experiments -- 7.3 Crustal magmas -- 7.4 Experiments at mantle pressures -- 7.5 Trace element behavior -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Igneous experiments on melts and fluids -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Volatile solubilities in melts -- 8.3 Spectroscopic measurements and speciation methods -- 8.4 Distribution of elements between melts and fluids -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Physical properties of Earth materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Viscosity of silicate melts -- 9.3 Diffusion -- 9.4 Crystal growth -- 9.5 Elastic properties -- 9.6 Conclusions -- A.1 Measuring temperature -- A.2 Measuring and generating pressure -- A.3 Controlling oxygen fugacity -- A.4 Materials -- A.5 Preparation of starting materials -- Bibliography/References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6496-2
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  • 61
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    Drug∼Nutrient Interactions (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Nature and Origin of Anutrients in the Diet -- 1.2 Potential Carcinogens in Foods -- 1.3 Pharmacological Agents (Drugs) -- 1.4 Clinical Implications of Induced Rate of Metabolism of Foreign Compounds -- 2. The Fate of Anutrients in the Body -- 2.1 Metabolism of Foreign Compounds -- 2.2 Nutritional Factors Affecting the Metabolism ofAnutrients -- 2.3 Non-nutritional Dietary Factors Affecting the Metabolism of Anutrients -- 3. Nutritional Consequences of Drug Therapy -- 3.1 Drugs Affecting Food Intake -- 3.2 Drugs Affecting Absorption -- 3.3 Drugs Affecting Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 3.4 Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism -- 3.5 Drugs Affecting Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism -- 3.6 Drugs and Vitamin Interactions -- 3.7 Drug and Mineral Interactions -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4. Alcohol and Nutrition -- 4.1 Alcohol Metabolism -- 4.2 Metabolic Effectsof Alcohol in the Liver -- 4.3 Alcohol and Malnutrition -- 4.4 Alcohol-related Conditions -- 5. Possible Adverse Effects of the Pharmacological Use of Vitamins -- 5.1 Fat-soluble Vitamins -- 5.2 Water-soluble Vitamins -- 5.3 Conclusions -- 6. Drug-Food Interactions -- 6.1 Food Reduces/Delays Drug Absorption -- 6.2 Food Increases Drug Absorption -- 6.3 Food Affecting Urinary Excretion of Drugs -- 6.4 Adverse Reactions Caused by Food -- 7. Nutrition and Experimental Carcinogenesis -- 7.1 Vitamin A (Retinol) -- 7.2 ?-Carotene -- 7.3 Vitamin E(?-Tocopherol) -- 7.4 Selenium -- 7.5 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8. General Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: In the world at large and in the Western World in particular, the average age of the population is increasing. This is related to an increase in lifespan resulting from remarkable advances in preventive medicine and the clinical sciences. There has also been a concomitant rise of the modern pharmaceutical and chemical industries which support modern treatment methods and influence the pattern of human disease. The science of nutrition has also made major advances in recent years and is poised for even more encouraging contributions as the tools of molecular biology are applied to mechanisms of nutrient effects at the molecular level. Instruction in nutritional science can no longer be restricted to a description of the chemistry of major dietary constituents, diseases associated with a deficiency, and the amounts of nutrients required to prevent them. Modern nutritionists must now address the pervasive interrelationships of long-term nutritional habits and chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, of cancer, and of osteoporosis, among others. There is also the role of nutrition as a tool in the treatment of post­ operative and other patients in the clinical setting. It is at these interfaces that drugs and nutrients interact in significant ways.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Nature and Origin of Anutrients in the Diet -- 1.2 Potential Carcinogens in Foods -- 1.3 Pharmacological Agents (Drugs) -- 1.4 Clinical Implications of Induced Rate of Metabolism of Foreign Compounds -- 2. The Fate of Anutrients in the Body -- 2.1 Metabolism of Foreign Compounds -- 2.2 Nutritional Factors Affecting the Metabolism ofAnutrients -- 2.3 Non-nutritional Dietary Factors Affecting the Metabolism of Anutrients -- 3. Nutritional Consequences of Drug Therapy -- 3.1 Drugs Affecting Food Intake -- 3.2 Drugs Affecting Absorption -- 3.3 Drugs Affecting Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 3.4 Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism -- 3.5 Drugs Affecting Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism -- 3.6 Drugs and Vitamin Interactions -- 3.7 Drug and Mineral Interactions -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4. Alcohol and Nutrition -- 4.1 Alcohol Metabolism -- 4.2 Metabolic Effectsof Alcohol in the Liver -- 4.3 Alcohol and Malnutrition -- 4.4 Alcohol-related Conditions -- 5. Possible Adverse Effects of the Pharmacological Use of Vitamins -- 5.1 Fat-soluble Vitamins -- 5.2 Water-soluble Vitamins -- 5.3 Conclusions -- 6. Drug-Food Interactions -- 6.1 Food Reduces/Delays Drug Absorption -- 6.2 Food Increases Drug Absorption -- 6.3 Food Affecting Urinary Excretion of Drugs -- 6.4 Adverse Reactions Caused by Food -- 7. Nutrition and Experimental Carcinogenesis -- 7.1 Vitamin A (Retinol) -- 7.2 ?-Carotene -- 7.3 Vitamin E(?-Tocopherol) -- 7.4 Selenium -- 7.5 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8. General Conclusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7081-9
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  • 62
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    The New Asylum Seekers: Refugee Law in the 1980s : The Ninth Sokol Colloquium on International Law (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401763899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Studies in Human Rights
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6389-9
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  • 63
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    Numerical Computation of Electric and Magnetic Fields (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401571432
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 223 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Field Properties -- 3. Problem Definition -- 4. Linear Spaces in Field Computations -- 5. Projection Methods in Field Computations -- 6. Finite Element Method for Interior Problems -- 7. Finite Element Method for Exterior Problems -- 8. Integral Equation Method -- 9. Static Magnetic Problem -- 10. Eddy Current Problem -- Appendix A Derivation of the Helmholtz Theorem -- Appendix B Properties of the Magnetic Vector Potential, A -- Appendix C Integral Expressions for Scalar Potential from Green’s Theorem.
    Abstract: For well over a decade, the numerical approach to field computation has been gaining progressively greater importance. Analytical methods offield compu­ tation are, at best, unable to accommodate the very wide variety of configura­ tions in which fields must be computed. On the other hand, numerical methods can accommodate many practical configurations that analytical methods cannot. With the advent of high-speed digital computers, numerical field computations have finally become practical. However, in order to implement numerical methods of field computation, we need algorithms, numerical methods, and mathematical tools that are largely quite different from those that have been traditionally used with analytical methods. Many of these algorithms have, in fact, been presented in the large number of papers that have been published on this subject in the last two decades. And to some of those who are already experienced in the art of numerical field computations, these papers, in addition to their own original work, are enough to give them the knowledge that they need to perform practical numerical field computations.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Field Properties -- 3. Problem Definition -- 4. Linear Spaces in Field Computations -- 5. Projection Methods in Field Computations -- 6. Finite Element Method for Interior Problems -- 7. Finite Element Method for Exterior Problems -- 8. Integral Equation Method -- 9. Static Magnetic Problem -- 10. Eddy Current Problem -- Appendix A Derivation of the Helmholtz Theorem -- Appendix B Properties of the Magnetic Vector Potential, A -- Appendix C Integral Expressions for Scalar Potential from Green’s Theorem.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7143-2
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  • 64
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    Stereochemical Analysis of Alicyclic Compounds by C-13 NMR Spectroscopy (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931619
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Fundamental Effects on Carbon Shifts1.1 Simple examples -- 1.2 Substituent shift effects -- 2 Mono- and Bicyclic Systems -- 2.1 Monocyclic systems -- 2.2 Bicyclic systems -- 3 Stereochemical Considerations -- 3.1 Gauche ? effects -- 3.2 ? Eclipsed interactions -- 3.3 ? Anti interactions -- 3.4 Enforced ? Sinteractions -- 4 Multiple Substituent Shift Additivity -- 4.1 Examples -- 4.2 Polarizable groups -- 4.3 Conformationally mobile systems -- 5 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes -- 5.1 Saturated bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanes -- 5.2 Unsaturated bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes -- 6 Bicyclo [2.2.2] octanes -- 7 Bicyclo [3.1.0] hexanes -- 8 Bicyclo [3.1.1] heptanes -- 9 Bicyclo [3.2.0] heptanes -- 10 Bicyclo [3.2.1] octanes -- 11 Bicyclo [3.2.2] nonanes -- 12 Bicyclo [3.3.0] octanes -- 13 Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Tricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decanes -- 13.1 Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes -- 13.2 Tricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decanes -- 14 Bicyclo [4.1.0] heptanes -- 15 Bicyclo [4.2.0] octanes -- 16 Bicyclo [4.3.0] nonanes -- 16.1 cis-Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes -- 16.2 trans-Bicyclo [4.3.0] nonanes -- 17 Bicyclo [4.4.0] decanes -- 17.1 cis-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decanes -- 17.2 trans-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decanes -- 18 Spirocyclics -- 18.1 Spiro[3.4]octanes -- 18.2 Spiro [3.5] nonanes -- 18.3 Spiro [4.4] nonanes -- 18.4 Spiro [4.5] decanes -- 18.5 Spiro [5.5] undecanes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3161-9
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  • 65
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    The Status of Soviet Civil Science : Proceedings of the Symposium on Soviet Scientific Research, NATO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium, September 24-26, 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional planning ; History ; Social sciences ; Culture. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: 1. Education -- 1.1 The Soviet Scientific-Technical Revolution: Education of Cadres -- 1.2 Soviet Secondary School Mathematics and Science Programs -- 1.3 Commentary -- 2. Scientific Organization -- 2.1 Soviet Organization of International Scientific Contacts -- 2.2 The Academy of Sciences and the Restructuring of R&D in The Soviet Union -- 2.3 Recent Developments in the Administration of Branch Ministry Research -- 2.4 Commentary -- 3. Information and Instrumentation -- 3.1 Information Flows in Soviet Research and Development -- 3.2 Information Channels for Science and Technology -- 3.3 Computer Networks in the Soviet Scientific Community -- 3.4 Franco-Soviet Exchanges in Science and Technology: Instrumentation -- 3.5 Commentary -- 4. Scientific Experience: Case Studies -- 4.1 Cosmic Physics: A Case Study -- 4.2 Soviet Science in the Materials World -- 4.3 Research in Small Groups: The Case of Positron Annihilation -- 4.4 Low Temperature Chemistry -- 4.5 Cross Fertilisation in Medicine: The Case of Leishmaniasis -- 4.6 Soviet Science and Technology: A Crosscutting Overview -- 4.7 Commentary -- 5. Experience of Exchanges -- 5.1 The US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology: 1972–1982 -- 5.2 Scientific Exchange with the USSR under the Agreement between the Royal Society and the USSR Academy of Sciences -- 5.3 Experience with Canadian/Soviet Scientific Collaboration -- 6. Future Trends -- 6. Future Trends.
    Abstract: This volume represents one outcome of the initiatives, taken from time to time by the NATO Science Committee, to add to the work of supporting civil science within the Alliance by mounting open meetings or other projects dealing with some topical aspect of science and technology policy. Past examples have included the 20th anniversary meeting of the establish­ ment of the Science Committee in 1978 which made a review of the achieve­ ments of the various programmes. It proved to be a valuable opportunity to take stock of the impact of science and technology on Western societies and was a particularly useful occasion for a critical analysis of the changing nature and social role of science and technology. In contrast, the Science Committee Conferences in 1973, and 1976, on the 'Technology of Efficient Energy Utilization' and on 'Thermal Energy Storage' were responses of the Committee to specific technological problems, engendered by the then acute energy supply position. A similar technologically oriented study was made in 1975 of the 'Rational Use of Potentially Scarce Metals'. These initiatives were the counterpoint to the bulk of the continuing work of the Committee in funding scientific mobility in the Alliance, as support to civil science. This latter is done competitively in response to unsolicited applications. The Committee hopes to demon­ strate, by its special activities, its flexibility and responsiveness to the evolving activities, technologists and policy makers.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Education1.1 The Soviet Scientific-Technical Revolution: Education of Cadres -- 1.2 Soviet Secondary School Mathematics and Science Programs -- 1.3 Commentary -- 2. Scientific Organization -- 2.1 Soviet Organization of International Scientific Contacts -- 2.2 The Academy of Sciences and the Restructuring of R&D in The Soviet Union -- 2.3 Recent Developments in the Administration of Branch Ministry Research -- 2.4 Commentary -- 3. Information and Instrumentation -- 3.1 Information Flows in Soviet Research and Development -- 3.2 Information Channels for Science and Technology -- 3.3 Computer Networks in the Soviet Scientific Community -- 3.4 Franco-Soviet Exchanges in Science and Technology: Instrumentation -- 3.5 Commentary -- 4. Scientific Experience: Case Studies -- 4.1 Cosmic Physics: A Case Study -- 4.2 Soviet Science in the Materials World -- 4.3 Research in Small Groups: The Case of Positron Annihilation -- 4.4 Low Temperature Chemistry -- 4.5 Cross Fertilisation in Medicine: The Case of Leishmaniasis -- 4.6 Soviet Science and Technology: A Crosscutting Overview -- 4.7 Commentary -- 5. Experience of Exchanges -- 5.1 The US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology: 1972-1982 -- 5.2 Scientific Exchange with the USSR under the Agreement between the Royal Society and the USSR Academy of Sciences -- 5.3 Experience with Canadian/Soviet Scientific Collaboration -- 6. Future Trends -- 6. Future Trends.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3647-8
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  • 66
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    Flash Points of Organic and Organometallic Compounds (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: This book brings together and makes easily accessible data on flash points pres­ ently listed in the standard references, plus many values measured in American indus­ trial laboratories and European data as represented by the Fluka catalog and by values given in Nabert and Schoen. It is a collection that should be useful to those involved in manufacturing, handling, and shipping the many organics and organometallics now in production. The author would like to thank David Harvey, President, and Chuck Pouchert, of Aldrich Chemical Company, for permission to use their material and for provid­ ing a computer printout of some six thousand chemicals listed in the Aldrich cata­ log. Flash points for most of these chemicals were measured in the Aldrich laboratories and are not available elsewhere. Thanks are due also to Dr. Marjan Bace of Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., who recognized the need for a handbook on flash points and handled the pub­ lishing arrangements. Particular thanks go to my wife, Mary, who prepared the entire camera-ready manuscript. Richard M. Stephenson The University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut December, 1986 v Introduction Flash points are of particular importance to those involved with the handling and ship­ ping of organics and organometaliics. As each country has its own shipping regula­ tions, this can be a real problem for international shippers. Many flash points have been determined by individual chemical manufacturers in answer to their own needs
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6067-4
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  • 67
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    Rodolphe Bresdin : Volume II Catalogue Raisonné De L’Œuvre Gravé (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Arts.
    Abstract: Les eaux-fortes et les lithographies que nous présen­ a paru offrir de grands avantages. Présenter l'œuvre tons dans le catalogue ont été, dans la mesure du de Bresdin par catégorie aurait manqué de logique à possible, classées par ordre chronologique. bien des égards, sans rendre plus clair, bien au con­ Ce classement s'est révélé difficile pour les œuvres traire, l'ensemble de l'œuvre. datant d'avant I850, la documentation faisant défaut. La Troisième Partie du Volume 1 présente, à la page La classification choisie constitue donc souvent une I54, un tableau synthétique des vingt lithographies de l'artiste. hypothèse, encore que quelques dates connues éta­ blissent certains points de repère. Nous nous référons D'une façon générale, les gravures n'ont pas été dé­ aussi à la Troisième Partie du Volume I. A partir de I854, la plupart des œuvres de Bresdin, crites; le commentaire se contente d'indiquer et­ et notamment les plus importantes, sont datées, mais lorsque c'est nécessaire et possible-d'expliquer les comme les indications de l'artiste contiennent nom­ différences entre les divers états et, éventuellement, bre d'obscurités, nous avons dû, pour ces œuvres éga­ les divers tirages. lement, nous appuyer sur un appareil documentaire Les reproductions constituent l'élément essentiel permettant d'identifier les gravures dans leurs divers et une étude critique du style
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3475-7
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  • 68
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    The Biochemistry of Energy Utilization in Plants (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 145 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tertiary Level Biology 44
    DDC: 571.2
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Biochemistry ; Plant physiology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3121-3
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  • 69
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    The Development of American Federalism (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400932739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: I The Origins of Federal Governments -- 1 The Origin of Federal Government -- 2 The Invention of Centralized Federalism -- 3 Dutch and American Federalism -- II The Measurement of Federalism -- 4 Disharmony in Federal Government -- 5 The Measurement of American Federalism -- 6 The Relation Between Structure and Stability in Federal Governments -- III Federal Institutions -- 7 The Senate and American Federalism -- 8 The Decline and Rise of the Militia -- 9 Administrative Centralization -- 10 Presidential Action in Congressional Nominations -- 11 Party Organization.
    Abstract: The chapters of this book have diverse origins. They were written over the period 1954-1984. Several (i.e., three, four, seven, and ten) were originally published in scholarly journals. Several (i.e., one, eight, nine, and eleven) are excerpts from my previous books: Soldiers of the States and Federalism: Origin, Operation and Significance. And several (i.e., two, five, and six) were written for conferences and are now published here for the first time. Despite the fact that this history suggests they are quite unrelated, these chapters do indeed center on one theme: the continuity of American federalism. In order to emphasize that theme, I have written an introduction and an initial commentary for each chapter. These commen­ taries, taken together, with the introduction, constitute the exposition of the theme. Some of these chapters (four, six, and ten) were written with my students, Ronald Schaps, John Lemco, and William Bast. They did much of the research and analysis so the credit for these chapters belongs to them as much as to me. Chapter five is based quite closely on William Paul Alexander's dissertation for the Ph. D. degree at the University of Rochester, 1973.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Origins of Federal Governments1 The Origin of Federal Government -- 2 The Invention of Centralized Federalism -- 3 Dutch and American Federalism -- II The Measurement of Federalism -- 4 Disharmony in Federal Government -- 5 The Measurement of American Federalism -- 6 The Relation Between Structure and Stability in Federal Governments -- III Federal Institutions -- 7 The Senate and American Federalism -- 8 The Decline and Rise of the Militia -- 9 Administrative Centralization -- 10 Presidential Action in Congressional Nominations -- 11 Party Organization.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3273-9
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  • 70
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    On Genes, Gods and Tyrants : The Biological Causation of Morality (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400933897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Ethics ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Moral levels -- 2. The Alpha-moral level. In the beginning was Darwin -- 3. The Beta-moral level: to feel or to reason. The Kantian obstacle -- 4. The Beta-moral level. The good and the yellow -- 5. The Beta-moral level: rational preference from Smith to Rawls -- 6. The Gamma-moral level: genes and tyrants -- 7. The Delta-moral level: gods and genes -- 8. Moral progress -- 9. Adversus liberales: the right to excellence and distributive justice -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Our future was with the collective, but our survival was with the individual, and the paradox was killing us everyday. John Le Carre Smiley's People (1979) Since the time of Ancient Greek lyrical poetry, it has been one of man's dreams to explain his own conduct. This is the background to all his activities, from literature to speculative philosophy, including those odds and ends which, for want of a better name and more precise boundaries are called "human science". Over the past nine or ten years a new member has been added to this inquisitive family, one which, moreover, claims to be scientific to an extremely high degree: biology. This is in fact a recurrent event, since theses designed to introduce causal biological expla­ nations into the general field of human action had already been formulated on at least two occasions (in original Darwinism and the Neo-Darwinist synthesis). Ethologists and sociobiologists are today taking over and as­ suring us that they have the necessary tools to provide an answer to what perhaps seemed the most slippery subject in the hands of science: the social being. As might be expected, philosophers have reacted with some scepticism. Though human conduct is undoubtedly subject to determinants, the lion's share of responsi­ bility lies with society itself. At the time when biology was beginning to develop the theories necessary to overcome cre­ ationism, Karl Marx had already managed to construct highly sophisticated interpretive models of human social behaviour.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Moral levels2. The Alpha-moral level. In the beginning was Darwin -- 3. The Beta-moral level: to feel or to reason. The Kantian obstacle -- 4. The Beta-moral level. The good and the yellow -- 5. The Beta-moral level: rational preference from Smith to Rawls -- 6. The Gamma-moral level: genes and tyrants -- 7. The Delta-moral level: gods and genes -- 8. Moral progress -- 9. Adversus liberales: the right to excellence and distributive justice -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3389-7
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  • 71
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    Education and Civilization (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The theory of education -- 1. A philosophy of education -- 2. The institution as educator -- 3. The educational institution -- 4. The eminence of scholarship -- 5. The prevalence of ignorance -- 6. The range of learning -- II: The theory of practice in education -- 1. Problems in the philosophy of education -- 2. The education of the academic administrator -- 3. Falsity in practice -- III: The uses of university -- 1. What happens in college? -- 2. The college teacher -- 3. Thoughts about teaching -- 4. The well-grounded graduate -- 5. A slower pace for superior students -- 6. Athletic education -- IV: The advancement of education -- 1. Education and the genius -- 2. The genius versus the American university -- V: Education and civilization -- 1. The cultural conditioning of education -- 2. The future of the past -- 3. The hidden philosophy of Americans -- 4. Education and Western civilization -- 5. Education and the total culture -- Notes -- A system of philosophy.
    Abstract: It has been asserted that there is no one universal proposition with which all philosophers would agree, including this one. The pre­ dicament has rarely been recognized and almost never accepted, although neither has it been successfully challenged. If the claim holds true for philosophy taken by itself, how much more must it of religion, the hold for crossfield interests, such as the philosophy philosophy of science and many others. The philosophy of educa­ tion is a particular case in point. The topic of education itself is generally regarded as a dull af­ fair, a charge not entirely without substance. The blame for this usually falls on the fact that it has no inherent subject matter. The teachers of history teach history, the teachers of biology teach biology; but what do the teachers of education teach? Presumably how to teach; but this simply will not do because every topic requires its own sort of instruction.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The theory of education1. A philosophy of education -- 2. The institution as educator -- 3. The educational institution -- 4. The eminence of scholarship -- 5. The prevalence of ignorance -- 6. The range of learning -- II: The theory of practice in education -- 1. Problems in the philosophy of education -- 2. The education of the academic administrator -- 3. Falsity in practice -- III: The uses of university -- 1. What happens in college? -- 2. The college teacher -- 3. Thoughts about teaching -- 4. The well-grounded graduate -- 5. A slower pace for superior students -- 6. Athletic education -- IV: The advancement of education -- 1. Education and the genius -- 2. The genius versus the American university -- V: Education and civilization -- 1. The cultural conditioning of education -- 2. The future of the past -- 3. The hidden philosophy of Americans -- 4. Education and Western civilization -- 5. Education and the total culture -- Notes -- A system of philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3513-6
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  • 72
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    Soil~Plant Relationships : An Ecological Approach (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: A plant-centred biological complex -- 1 Plants, roots and ion absorption -- 2 Mineral composition of plant tissues and the function of ions -- 3 Plants and water -- 4 Symbiotic and other associations for nutrient capture -- 5 Herbivores, decomposers and other soil organisms -- 6 Vegetation and fire -- II: Environmental complexes -- 7 Soil formation -- 8 Soil matrix and soil water -- 9 Soil atmosphere and soil temperature -- 10 Some examples of mineral nutrient supply -- 11 Measuring availability of nutrients and toxic ions -- 12 Experimental approaches to the study of soil variables -- III: Interactions in the real world. Some case histories -- 13 The autecology of two contrasting species -- 14 Restoration of derelict land -- 15 Two aspects of forest mineral-nutrient economy -- 16 Australian heathlands and other nutrient-poor terrestrial ecosystems -- 17 Three aspects of the Alaskan Arctic tundra Complex -- 18 Saltmarshes and the coastal zone -- 19 Calcareous and serpentine soils and their vegetation -- Further reading.
    Abstract: Soil-plant relationships once had a limited meaning. To the student of agriculture it meant creating optimum conditions for plant growth. To the ecologist it meant explaining some plant community distribu­ tion patterns by correlation with soil type or conditions. This dual view has been greatly expanded at an academic level by the discovery of the ecosystem as a practical working unit. A flood of concepts and information subsequently emerged from the International Biological Programme. At a totally different level of resolution, it is appreciated that certain soil-based ecological problems have a molecular basis, and must be addressed by physiological or biochemical approaches. From ecosystem to molecule we have powerful new tools to increase the flow of ecological data and process it for interpretation. Society is now experiencing a series of adverse global phenomena which demand an appreciation of soil-plant relationships. These include desertification leading to famine, soil degradation accom­ panying forest destruction, acidification of watersheds and the spasmodic dispersal of radionuclides and other pollutants. It is public policy, not merely to identify problems, but to seek strategies for minimising their ill effects. This book is written as a guide to soil-plant relationships, cen­ trally oriented towards ecology, but of interest to students of geo­ graphy and agriculture. For ecology students it will bring together subfields such as microbiology, plant physiology, systematics and pro­ vide interfaces with animal biology, meteorology and soil science.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: A plant-centred biological complex1 Plants, roots and ion absorption -- 2 Mineral composition of plant tissues and the function of ions -- 3 Plants and water -- 4 Symbiotic and other associations for nutrient capture -- 5 Herbivores, decomposers and other soil organisms -- 6 Vegetation and fire -- II: Environmental complexes -- 7 Soil formation -- 8 Soil matrix and soil water -- 9 Soil atmosphere and soil temperature -- 10 Some examples of mineral nutrient supply -- 11 Measuring availability of nutrients and toxic ions -- 12 Experimental approaches to the study of soil variables -- III: Interactions in the real world. Some case histories -- 13 The autecology of two contrasting species -- 14 Restoration of derelict land -- 15 Two aspects of forest mineral-nutrient economy -- 16 Australian heathlands and other nutrient-poor terrestrial ecosystems -- 17 Three aspects of the Alaskan Arctic tundra Complex -- 18 Saltmarshes and the coastal zone -- 19 Calcareous and serpentine soils and their vegetation -- Further reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6076-6
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  • 73
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    The Young Earth : An introduction to Archaean geology (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401164894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Background: Concepts and field evidence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geochronology and other uses of isotopic analysis -- 3 Archaean terrains: the available geological evidence -- II Reconstructing the Archaean Earth -- 4 The beginnings of life -- 5 Archaean continents -- 6 Archaean volcanism -- 7 Mineral deposits in Archaean rocks -- 8 Models of the early Earth -- Glossary of geological terms for non-geologists -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 'What are we going to do with a parcel of old stones?' wrote the director of an African museum a century and a half ago, when one of my ancestors presented him with a splendid collection of fossils of mammal-like reptiles. Old stones, however intriguing, are difficult to interpret, dusty, and do not fit well in the neatly ordered contents of a house of learning. Archaean geology, which is the study of the Earth's history in the period from after 9 the end of planetary accretion (4.5-4.4 x 10 years ago) up to the beginning 9 of the Proterozoic (2.5 x 10 years ago) is much the same - a parcel of old stones seemingly impossible to understand. Yet these stones contain the history of our origins: they can tell us a story that is interesting not just to the geologist (for whom this book is primarily written) but instead addresses the human condition in general.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Background: Concepts and field evidence1 Introduction -- 2 Geochronology and other uses of isotopic analysis -- 3 Archaean terrains: the available geological evidence -- II Reconstructing the Archaean Earth -- 4 The beginnings of life -- 5 Archaean continents -- 6 Archaean volcanism -- 7 Mineral deposits in Archaean rocks -- 8 Models of the early Earth -- Glossary of geological terms for non-geologists -- References -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6489-4
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  • 74
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    Rodolphe Bresdin : Volume I Monographie en Trois Parties (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934733
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Arts.
    Abstract: Sommaire -- Aperçu chronologique -- Première Partie -- L’homme et l’artiste -- Deuxième Partie Biographie -- Chapitre I Les premières années :Le Fresne, Nogent-le-Rotrou, Paris 1822–1849 -- Chapitre II Le séjour à Tulle et ses environs 1849–1851 Le premier séjour à Bordeaux 1851–1852 -- Chapitre III Le séjour à Toulouse 1852–1861 -- Chapitre IV Le Bon Samaritain 1860–1861 -- Chapitre V La deuxième période parisienne 1861 -- Chapitre VI Le séjour à Fronsac 1862–1864 Le deuxième séjour à Bordeaux 1864–1869 -- Chapitre VII La troisième période parisienne 1869–1873 -- Chapitre VIII Le séjour au Canada 1873–1877 -- Chapitre IX La quatrième période parisienne 1877–1881 -- Chapitre X La fin: Sèvres 1881–1885 -- Troisième Partie -- Style et technique dans l’œuvre gravé de Bresdin -- Appendices -- I Notices biographiques -- II La Revue Fantaisiste de 1861 -- III La commande d’Hippolyte de Thierry Faletans -- IV Les péripéties du Bon Samaritain -- V Les reports sur pierre de huit eaux-fortes de Bresdin -- VI L’art de l’eau-forte et de la lithographie chez Bresdin -- VII Les tirages posthumes de lithographies et d’eaux-fortes de Bresdin -- VIII L’œuvre de Bresdin jugée par treize de ses contemporains -- IX Vingt-cinq lettres de Rodolphe Bresdin.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3473-3
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  • 75
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    Food Composition and Analysis (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401573986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 690 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Food Laws and Standards -- Development of Federal Food Laws -- Other FDA Regulations, Guidelines, and Action Levels -- Other Regulatory Agencies -- Operating under the Food Additives Amendment -- Approved Food Additives -- Summary -- Selected References -- 2 Sampling and Proximate Analysis -- Sampling -- Moisture -- Crude Fat -- Crude Protein -- Crude Fiber -- Ash -- Selected References -- 3 Instrumental Methods of Analysis -- Weighing Devices -- Visible and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry -- Infrared Spectrophotometry -- Fluorometry -- Gas Chromatography -- Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry -- Column Liquid Chromatography -- Thin-Layer Chromatography -- pH -- Polarography -- X-Ray Fluorescence -- Scanning Electron Microscopy -- Selected References -- 4 Carbohydrates -- General Properties -- Monosaccharides -- Oligosaccharides -- Polysaccharides -- Biosynthesis -- Relationship of Structure to Sweetness -- Nutritional Value of Carbohydrates -- Commercial Sugar and Sugar Products -- Corn Sweeteners -- Qualitative Analysis -- Quantitative Analysis -- Selected References -- 5 Lipids -- Simple Lipids and Their Constituents -- Compound Lipids -- Derived Lipids -- Nutritional Value of Fats and Fat Products -- Commericial Fats and Fat Products -- Deterioration of Fats -- Analysis -- Selected References -- 6 Proteins -- Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond -- Classification of Proteins -- Structure of Proteins -- Molecular Weight and Isoelectric Point of Proteins -- Metabolism of Proteins -- Proteins and Nutrition -- Analysis -- Selected References -- 7 Enzymes -- Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions -- Structure and Active Site -- Nomenclature and Classification -- Food Enzymes -- Commercial Applications -- Enzyme Assays -- Selected References -- 8 The Vitamins -- Water-Soluble Vitamins -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Analysis -- Selected References -- 9 Flavoring Agents -- Common Spices and Herbs -- Oleoresins -- Flavoring Extracts -- Analysis -- Selected References -- 10 Coloring Agents and Color of Foods -- Nature of Light and Color -- Specification and Measurement of Color -- Coloring Agents -- Qualitative Analysis -- Quantitative Analysis -- Selected References -- 11 Wheat and Wheat Products -- Classification of Wheats -- Grain Standards -- Analysis of Wheat -- Production of Wheat Flour -- Standards for Wheat Flours and Related Products -- Components of Flour -- Analysis of Flour -- End Products of Flour -- Determination of Baking Quality -- Selected References -- 12 Milk and Milk Products -- Composition of Milk -- Grades of Milk -- Classes of Milk -- Some Commercial Milk Products -- Analysis of Fluid Milk Products -- Analysis of Dried Milk Products -- Selected References -- 13 Meat, Poultry, and Fish -- Meat -- Poultry -- Analysis of Poultry and Meat Products -- Seafoods -- Analysis of Seafoods -- Selected References -- 14 Food Deterioration, Preservation, and Contamination -- Food Deterioration -- Food Preservation Methods -- Food Contaminants -- Analysis -- Selected References.
    Abstract: There is an increasing demand for food technologists who are not only familiar with the practical aspects of food processing and mer­ chandising but who are also well grounded in chemistry as it relates to the food industry. Thus, in the training of food technologists there is a need for a textbook that combines both lecture material and lab­ oratory experiments involving the major classes of foodstuffs and food additives. To meet this need this book was written. In addition, the book is a reference text for those engaged in research and technical work in the various segments of the food industry. The chemistry of representative classes of foodstuffs is considered with respect to food composition, effects of processing on composition, food deterioration, food preservation, and food additives. Standards of identity for a number of the food products as prescribed by law are given. The food products selected from each class of foodstuffs for lab­ oratory experimentation are not necessarily the most important eco­ nomically or the most widely used. However, the experimental methods and techniques utilized are applicable to the other products of that class of foodstuff. Typical food adjuncts and additives are discussed in relation to their use in food products, together with the laws regulating their usage. Laboratory experiments are given for the qualitative identification and quantitative estimation of many of these substances.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7398-6
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  • 76
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    Temperature Biology of Animals (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 339 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Thermal energy and the thermal environment -- 1.1 Thermal energy and temperature -- 1.2 Life, the low-temperature phenomenon -- 1.3 Mechanisms of heat transfer -- 1.4 The thermal environment -- 1.5 Conclusions -- 2 The direct effects of temperature changes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rate–temperature curves – experimental considerations -- 2.3 Empirical descriptions of rate effects -- 2.4 Theoretical equations -- 2.5 The classification of biological processes by temperature coefficients -- 2.6 Theory of absolute reaction rates -- 2.7 Destructive effects of temperature -- 2.8 Temperature optima of biological processes -- 2.9 Low Q10 and temperature-independent processes -- 2.10 Conclusions -- 3 Body temperature in bradymetabolic animals -- 3.1 Thermal inertia – the contribution of body size to the stabilization of Tb -- 3.2 Selection of a preferred body temperature in ectotherms – an adaptive behavioural response -- 3.3 Body temperature in field conditions -- 3.4 Ecological significance of body temperature – costs and benefits -- 3.5 Is preferred Tb the temperature for optimal functioning? -- 3.6 Endothermic animals -- 3.7 Why set Tb between 30°C and 45°C? -- 3.8 Endothermic insects -- 3.9 The need for ‘warm-up’ -- 3.10 Thermoregulation in flight -- 3.11 Thermoregulation in honeybee swarms -- 3.12 Ecological costs and benefits of endothermy in insects -- 3.13 Endothermic fish -- 3.14 Endothermic reptiles -- 3.15 Conclusions -- 4 Body temperature in tachymetabolic animals -- 4.1 Body temperature -- 4.2 Distribution of heat within the body -- 4.3 Metabolism and ambient temperature -- 4.4 Heat production -- 4.5 Heat loss -- 4.6 Thermal insulation -- 4.7 Regional heterothermy -- 4.8 Thermoregulation -- 4.9 Thermoreceptors -- 4.10 Disturbances of the set-point -- 4.11 Adaptive and acclimatory mechanisms -- 4.12 Ontogenetic aspects of thermoregulation -- 4.13 Conclusions -- 5 Rate compensations and capacity adaptations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Patterns of compensation -- 5.3 Temperature acclimation -- 5.4 Seasonal effects upon acclimation -- 5.5 Cellular mechanisms of compensation -- 5.6 Genotypic adaptation to temperature -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 6 Thermal injury, thermal death and resistance adaptation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods for determining lethal limits -- 6.3 Resistance adaptation -- 6.4 Hardening -- 6.5 Causes of heat death -- 6.6 Cold injury and death -- 6.7 Mechanisms of cold tolerance -- 6.8 A cellular basis for thermal injury and death -- 6.9 Thermal tolerance in multivariate conditions -- 6.10 Lethal limits, temperature and animal distribution -- 6.11 Conclusions -- 7 Effect of temperature on reproduction, development and growth -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Reproduction -- 7.3 Development -- 7.4 Thermal limits of development and temperature-sensitive stages -- 7.5 Temperature and gene expression -- 7.6 Temperature and ageing -- 7.7 Growth -- 7.8 Populations -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: Temperature is one facet in the mosaic of physical and biotic factors that describes the niche of an animal. Ofthe physical factors it is ecologically the most important. for it is a factor that is all-pervasive and one that. in most environments. lacks spatial or temporal constancy. Evolution has produced a wide variety of adaptive strategies and tactics to exploit or deal with this variable environmental factor. The ease with which temperature can be measured. and controlled experimentally. together with its widespread influence on the affairs of animals. has understandably led to a large. dispersed literature. In spite of this no recent book provides a comprehensive treatment of the biology of animals in relation to temperature. Our intention in writing this book was to fill that gap. We hope we have provided a modern statement with a critical synthesis of this diverse field. which will be suitable and stimulating for both advanced undergraduate and post­ graduate students of biology. This book is emphatically not intended as a monographical review. as thermal biology is such a diverse. developed discipline that it could not be encompassed within the confines of a book of this size.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3127-5
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  • 77
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    Applied Statistics : A Handbook of BMDP™ Analyses (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401169462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 171 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Probabilities. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: BMDP programs used (or suggested) for the examples -- Some points on the BMDP instructions -- Examples -- A Admissions to intensive care unit -- B Intervals between adjacent births -- C Statistical aspects of literary style -- D Temperature distribution in a chemical reactor -- E A ‘before and after’ study of blood pressure -- F Comparison of industrial processes in the presence of trend -- G Cost of construction of nuclear power plants -- H Effect of process and purity index on fault occurrence -- I Growth of bones from chick embryos -- J Factorial experiment on cycles to failure of worsted yarn -- K Factorial experiment on diets for chickens -- L Binary preference data for detergent use -- M Fertilizer experiment on growth of cauliflowers -- N Subjective preference data on soap pads -- O Atomic weight of iodine -- P Multifactor experiment on a nutritive medium -- Q Strength of cotton yarn -- R Biochemical experiment on the blood of mice -- S Voltage regulator performance -- T Intervals between the failure of air-conditioning equipment in aircraft -- U Survival times of leukemia patients -- V A retrospective study with binary data -- W Housing and associated factors -- X Educational plans of Wisconsin schoolboys -- Further Sets of Data -- Set 3 Survival times of rats -- Set 14 Grouping of perfumes -- References.
    Abstract: This handbook is a realization of a long term goal of BMDP Statistical Software. As the software supporting statistical analysis has grown in breadth and depth to the point where it can serve many of the needs of accomplished statisticians it can also serve as an essential support to those needing to expand their knowledge of statistical applications. Statisticians should not be handicapped by heavy computation or by the lack of needed options. When Applied Statistics, Principle and Examples by Cox and Snell appeared we at BMDP were impressed with the scope of the applications discussed and felt that many statisticians eager to expand their capabilities in handling such problems could profit from having the solutions carried further, to get them started and guided to a more advanced level in problem solving. Who would be better to undertake that task than the authors of Applied Statistics? A year or two later discussions with David Cox and Joyce Snell at Imperial College indicated that a wedding of the problem statements and suggested solutions with control language to accomplish these analyses would further the learning process for many statisticians. They were willing to undertake the project. Joyce Snell has done an excellent job of melding the two approaches and has carried many of the problems a step further by suggesting alternate approaches and follow-up analyses.
    Description / Table of Contents: BMDP programs used (or suggested) for the examplesSome points on the BMDP instructions -- Examples -- A Admissions to intensive care unit -- B Intervals between adjacent births -- C Statistical aspects of literary style -- D Temperature distribution in a chemical reactor -- E A ‘before and after’ study of blood pressure -- F Comparison of industrial processes in the presence of trend -- G Cost of construction of nuclear power plants -- H Effect of process and purity index on fault occurrence -- I Growth of bones from chick embryos -- J Factorial experiment on cycles to failure of worsted yarn -- K Factorial experiment on diets for chickens -- L Binary preference data for detergent use -- M Fertilizer experiment on growth of cauliflowers -- N Subjective preference data on soap pads -- O Atomic weight of iodine -- P Multifactor experiment on a nutritive medium -- Q Strength of cotton yarn -- R Biochemical experiment on the blood of mice -- S Voltage regulator performance -- T Intervals between the failure of air-conditioning equipment in aircraft -- U Survival times of leukemia patients -- V A retrospective study with binary data -- W Housing and associated factors -- X Educational plans of Wisconsin schoolboys -- Further Sets of Data -- Set 3 Survival times of rats -- Set 14 Grouping of perfumes -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6946-2
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  • 78
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    Reclaiming Contaminated Land (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Recognition of the problem -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 National response to contaminated land in the UK -- 1.3 National response to contaminated land in Europe and North America -- References -- 2 Types of contaminated land -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transportation of contamination -- 2.3 Main sources of land contamination -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Main types of contaminants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metallic contaminants -- 3.3 Inorganic contaminants -- 3.4 Organic contaminants -- 3.5 Asbestos -- 3.6 Combustible materials -- 3.7 Gases -- 3.8 Other contaminants -- References -- 4 Appropriate site investigations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Recognition that an investigation is needed and establishment of the basis for that investigation -- 4.3 Design of site sampling/analytical programme -- 4.4 On-site sampling, observation and testing -- 4.5 Analysis of material taken from the site -- 4.6 Interpretation of analytical data -- References -- 5 Available reclamation methods -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The land use option -- 5.3 General considerations -- 5.4 The options -- 5.5 Excavation -- 5.6 Soil treatment after excavation -- 5.7 In-situ treatment -- 5.8 Macro-encapsulation/isolation -- 5.9 Covering systems -- 5.10 Execution of reclamation works -- 5.11 Monitoring and evaluation of performance -- 5.12 Guidance available -- References -- 6 Soil cover reclamations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Performance requirements for soil cover reclamations -- 6.3 The contaminant problem -- 6.4 Pathways for contaminant migration -- 6.5 Groundwater and soil moisture movements -- 6.6 Choice of soil cover materials -- 6.7 The design of soil cover reclamations -- 6.8 Summary -- References -- 7 Long-term monitoring of reclaimed sites -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2 Established precedents for monitoring -- 7.3 Questions on the long-term effectiveness of reclamation options -- 7.4 Monitoring systems and methods -- 7.5 Organization control of monitoring -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Safety in site reclamation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nature of hazards -- 8.3 Protection against hazards -- 8.4 Safety procedures -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 8.6 Appendix: environmental health and safety guide for construction site staff (an example) -- References -- 9 Policy, planning and financial issues -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Controlling the development of contaminated land -- 9.3 Land-use planning and control -- 9.4 Public health legislation and development control -- 9.5 Financial resources -- References -- 10 Landscaping and vegetating reclaimed sites -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Requirements of plants -- 10.3 Physical support for plants -- 10.4 Compaction -- 10.5 Water supply and storage -- 10.6 Plant nutrients -- 10.7 Grassland establishment -- 10.8 Grass seed mixtures -- 10.9 Grass cutting -- 10.10 Wild species -- 10.11 Trees and shrubs -- 10.12 Timing -- 10.13 Plant and soil interactions -- 10.14 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Hazards from methane (and carbon dioxide) -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Relevant gases and their principal characteristics -- 11.3 Gas flow in and from landfill sites -- 11.4 Gas measurement -- 11.5 Gas control measures -- 11.6 Hazards in buildings -- 11.7 Effects on plants -- Acknowledgement -- References.
    Abstract: Chemically contaminated land has only recently been recognized as an immediate or long-term potential hazard, and published guidance on how to tackle such land has been sparse. Indeed much of the available technical work emphasizes the risks and dangers, rather than indicating safe and economical strategies of reclamation. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the important aspects of land reclamation. Its basic aim is to dispel the myths that have become associated with the subject and to indicate methods and strategies that can be used for safe and economical reclamation. The authors concentrate on the more important facets of reclamation and indicate where advice and information is more or less certain. As in any newly developed field there are still uncertainties and, for this reason, not all the chapters contain equivalent amounts of detail. All the authors have expertise in the field of land reclamation, and differences in emphasis between authors reflect the present state of the subject. Overall, the book emphasizes that contaminated land can be reclaimed safely provided that sufficient attention is paid to detail and that the proposed end use of the land is appropriate and based on a detailed knowledge of the site.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Recognition of the problem1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 National response to contaminated land in the UK -- 1.3 National response to contaminated land in Europe and North America -- References -- 2 Types of contaminated land -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transportation of contamination -- 2.3 Main sources of land contamination -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Main types of contaminants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metallic contaminants -- 3.3 Inorganic contaminants -- 3.4 Organic contaminants -- 3.5 Asbestos -- 3.6 Combustible materials -- 3.7 Gases -- 3.8 Other contaminants -- References -- 4 Appropriate site investigations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Recognition that an investigation is needed and establishment of the basis for that investigation -- 4.3 Design of site sampling/analytical programme -- 4.4 On-site sampling, observation and testing -- 4.5 Analysis of material taken from the site -- 4.6 Interpretation of analytical data -- References -- 5 Available reclamation methods -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The land use option -- 5.3 General considerations -- 5.4 The options -- 5.5 Excavation -- 5.6 Soil treatment after excavation -- 5.7 In-situ treatment -- 5.8 Macro-encapsulation/isolation -- 5.9 Covering systems -- 5.10 Execution of reclamation works -- 5.11 Monitoring and evaluation of performance -- 5.12 Guidance available -- References -- 6 Soil cover reclamations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Performance requirements for soil cover reclamations -- 6.3 The contaminant problem -- 6.4 Pathways for contaminant migration -- 6.5 Groundwater and soil moisture movements -- 6.6 Choice of soil cover materials -- 6.7 The design of soil cover reclamations -- 6.8 Summary -- References -- 7 Long-term monitoring of reclaimed sites -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2 Established precedents for monitoring -- 7.3 Questions on the long-term effectiveness of reclamation options -- 7.4 Monitoring systems and methods -- 7.5 Organization control of monitoring -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Safety in site reclamation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nature of hazards -- 8.3 Protection against hazards -- 8.4 Safety procedures -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 8.6 Appendix: environmental health and safety guide for construction site staff (an example) -- References -- 9 Policy, planning and financial issues -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Controlling the development of contaminated land -- 9.3 Land-use planning and control -- 9.4 Public health legislation and development control -- 9.5 Financial resources -- References -- 10 Landscaping and vegetating reclaimed sites -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Requirements of plants -- 10.3 Physical support for plants -- 10.4 Compaction -- 10.5 Water supply and storage -- 10.6 Plant nutrients -- 10.7 Grassland establishment -- 10.8 Grass seed mixtures -- 10.9 Grass cutting -- 10.10 Wild species -- 10.11 Trees and shrubs -- 10.12 Timing -- 10.13 Plant and soil interactions -- 10.14 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Hazards from methane (and carbon dioxide) -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Relevant gases and their principal characteristics -- 11.3 Gas flow in and from landfill sites -- 11.4 Gas measurement -- 11.5 Gas control measures -- 11.6 Hazards in buildings -- 11.7 Effects on plants -- Acknowledgement -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6504-4
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  • 79
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    The Biology and Management of Capricornis and Related Mountain Antelopes (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401180306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Evolution and Breeding History of the Rupicaprini -- 1 On the evolution of the Caprinae -- 2 The saiga (Saiga tatarica) in captivity, with special reference to the Zoological Society of San Diego -- 3 Evolutionary aspects of the biology of chamois, Rupicapra spp. (Bovidae, Caprinae) -- 4 Evolutionary pathways of karyotypes of the tribe Rupicaprini -- Two: Ecological Distribution and Behaviour of Capricornis -- 5 Survey of 217 Japanese serows, Capricornis crispus, bred in captivity -- 6 Distribution of Japanese serow in its southern range, Kyushu -- 7 Family break-up in Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus -- 8 Censusing Japanese serow by helicopter in deciduous mountain forests -- 9 Radio tracking of Japanese serow in Akita Prefecture, Japan -- 10 A preliminary study on the ecology of Formosan serow, Capricornis crispus swinhoei -- 11 Social behaviour of Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus crispus -- Three: Keeping and Breeding of Capricornis -- 12 Breeding of Sumatran serow at Dusit Zoo -- 13 Breeding and behaviour of Formosan serow at Taipei Zoo -- 14 Behaviour of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park -- Four: Ecology and Breeding of the Rupicaprini -- 15 Keeping and breeding of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra Linné 1758) at the Alpine Zoo, Innsbruck/Tirol -- 16 Experiences of keeping and breeding saiga antelope at Tierpark, Berlin -- 17 Breeding of Mongolian gazelle at Osaka Zoo -- 18 Nemorhaedus cranbrooki Hayman -- 19 Breeding of goral, Formosan serow and chamois -- Five: Anatomy of Capricornis -- 20 Morphological characteristics of Japanese serow, with special reference to the interdigital glands -- 21 Histology and lipid analysis of the infraorbital gland of Japanese serow, and functional considerations -- 22 Brachial and lumbosacral plexuses and brains of the Japanese serow -- 23 What can serow horns tell us? -- Six: Diseases of the Rupicaprini -- 24 Clostridial infections in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in captivity -- 25 Pathological studies on Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) -- 26 Serological survey for selected microbial pathogens in Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in Gifu Prefecture, Japan -- 27 Haematological and biochemical findings on Japanese serow -- Seven: Endocrinology and Reproduction of Capricornis -- 28 Reproduction of female Japanese serow based on the morphology of ovaries and fetuses -- 29 Seasonal changes in male reproductive functions of Japanese serow -- 30 Steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by adrenals of wild Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus -- Eight: Nutritional Status of Capricornis -- 31 The quantity of food taken by raised Japanese serow -- 32 Nutritional estimation of Japanese serow by faecal analysis -- 33 Heavy metal accumulation in wild Japanese serow.
    Abstract: The Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) has been protected by law since 1955 in Japan, because it was becoming rarer and approaching extinction. Thereafter, the serow population has increased gradually. The Japanese serow is thought to be a primitive relict species on the islands of Japan, and the geographical range of the serow has retracted upwards into the moun­ tain forests to avoid contact with humans. Little was therefore known about these animals. However, increasing losses of forest habitat due to exploit­ ation of the mountain forests or expanding cultivation by local foresters have driven the Japanese serow back into the lowlands of Japan. Since then, complaints of damage to trees and other vegetation have accumulated against the serow. In some prefectures the shooting of Japanese serow was allowed in order to prevent damage to forests. The animals killed were taken for research by the Departments of the Environment and by universities. was set up at the summit of Mt. Gozaisho, The Japan Serow Center Komono-cho, Mie Prefecture, in 1962 and has made a great effort to breed the serow and its related species in captivity. In addition, the International Studbook of Capricorn is crispus in captivity was established in Japan, and the state of breeding of the Japanese serows is now reported annually. However, without detailed scientific research, it is impossible to conduct sensible protection, conservation or management of the serow in captivity or in the wild.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Evolution and Breeding History of the Rupicaprini1 On the evolution of the Caprinae -- 2 The saiga (Saiga tatarica) in captivity, with special reference to the Zoological Society of San Diego -- 3 Evolutionary aspects of the biology of chamois, Rupicapra spp. (Bovidae, Caprinae) -- 4 Evolutionary pathways of karyotypes of the tribe Rupicaprini -- Two: Ecological Distribution and Behaviour of Capricornis -- 5 Survey of 217 Japanese serows, Capricornis crispus, bred in captivity -- 6 Distribution of Japanese serow in its southern range, Kyushu -- 7 Family break-up in Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus -- 8 Censusing Japanese serow by helicopter in deciduous mountain forests -- 9 Radio tracking of Japanese serow in Akita Prefecture, Japan -- 10 A preliminary study on the ecology of Formosan serow, Capricornis crispus swinhoei -- 11 Social behaviour of Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus crispus -- Three: Keeping and Breeding of Capricornis -- 12 Breeding of Sumatran serow at Dusit Zoo -- 13 Breeding and behaviour of Formosan serow at Taipei Zoo -- 14 Behaviour of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park -- Four: Ecology and Breeding of the Rupicaprini -- 15 Keeping and breeding of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra Linné 1758) at the Alpine Zoo, Innsbruck/Tirol -- 16 Experiences of keeping and breeding saiga antelope at Tierpark, Berlin -- 17 Breeding of Mongolian gazelle at Osaka Zoo -- 18 Nemorhaedus cranbrooki Hayman -- 19 Breeding of goral, Formosan serow and chamois -- Five: Anatomy of Capricornis -- 20 Morphological characteristics of Japanese serow, with special reference to the interdigital glands -- 21 Histology and lipid analysis of the infraorbital gland of Japanese serow, and functional considerations -- 22 Brachial and lumbosacral plexuses and brains of the Japanese serow -- 23 What can serow horns tell us? -- Six: Diseases of the Rupicaprini -- 24 Clostridial infections in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in captivity -- 25 Pathological studies on Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) -- 26 Serological survey for selected microbial pathogens in Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in Gifu Prefecture, Japan -- 27 Haematological and biochemical findings on Japanese serow -- Seven: Endocrinology and Reproduction of Capricornis -- 28 Reproduction of female Japanese serow based on the morphology of ovaries and fetuses -- 29 Seasonal changes in male reproductive functions of Japanese serow -- 30 Steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by adrenals of wild Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus -- Eight: Nutritional Status of Capricornis -- 31 The quantity of food taken by raised Japanese serow -- 32 Nutritional estimation of Japanese serow by faecal analysis -- 33 Heavy metal accumulation in wild Japanese serow.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8030-6
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  • 80
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    Monomode Fiber-Optic Design : With Local-Area and Long-Haul Network Applications (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 490 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Waveguide Analysis -- Single-Mode Waveguide Analysis -- Loss Mechanisms -- Material Attenuation -- Waveguide Attenuation -- Dispersion in Single-Mode Waveguide -- Standard Waveguide Profiles -- Bandwidth Considerations -- Test Equipment -- Laser -- Detectors -- Beamsplitters and Couplers -- Boxcar Average -- Launcher -- Apertures -- Applications of the OTDR -- Review Problems -- References -- 3. Transmitters -- Solid-State Laser Physics -- Long-Wavelength Sources -- Edge-Emitting Diodes -- Gas Lasers -- YAG Lasers -- Laser Feedback Techniques -- Temperature Control -- Optical FeedbackCircuitry -- Digital Transmitter Design with Lasers -- LinearTransmitters -- Linearizing LED Transmitters -- References -- 4. Receivers -- PiN Diode Detectors -- Avalanche Photodiode Detectors (APD) -- Linear Receivers -- Microwave Preamplifier Biasing -- Receiver Design -- Preamplifier Noise -- Review Problems -- References -- 5. Waveguide Terminations and Splices -- Misalignment Losses -- Connectors -- Splices -- Common Commercial Connector Designs -- Commercially Available Splices -- Review Problems -- References -- 6. Integrated Optic and Network Components -- Fiber-Optic Switches and Couplers (Active) -- Couplers (Fixed) -- Wavelength Multiplexing/Demultiplexing -- Review Problems -- References -- 7. Integrated Optics -- Integrated Optics Components -- Mode Numbers and Cut-off Derivations -- Coupling to Integrated Optics -- Fiber-Optic Modulators -- VLSI Techniques Applied to Integrated Optics -- Review Problems -- References -- 8. Local Area Networks -- International Standards Organization (ISO) Network Model -- Common Networks -- Physical Layer -- Simplex Links -- Review Problems -- References -- 9. Local Area Networks Applied to Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Technology -- Network Topology -- Graph Theory -- Network Flow -- Time Delay Analysis -- Channel Capacity -- Noise Considerations -- Backbone Design -- Network Layer (Virtual Circuits) -- Datagram -- Routing Techniques -- Local Area Networks -- Token Passing Networks -- Hybrid Star Network -- Gateways -- Broadband Fiber-Optic Networks -- Review Problems -- References -- 10. Long-Haul Networks -- M-ary Codes -- Long-Distance Transmission Systems (Over 10 Kilometers) -- Long-Distance Cable Plant and the Loss Budget -- High-Sensitivity Receivers -- Review Problems -- References -- 11. Fiber-Optic Sensors -- Sagnac Effect -- Temperature Sensitivity -- Review Problems -- References -- 12. Angular Division Multiplexer (ADM) -- Modal Analysis -- Crosstalk -- ADM Bandwidth Considerations -- Loss Mechanisms -- Noise -- ADM Transmitters -- ADM Receivers -- Cable Plant Design -- ADM Demultiplexer -- Review Problems -- References.
    Abstract: Fiber optics is a transmission technique that uses electrical signals to modulate a light source and thereby produce an optical signal proportional to the electrical signal. These optical signals contain information that is transmitted via a glass waveguide to a light-sensitive receiver. Fiber optics has a distinct advantage over copper networks for some applications. The objective of this book is to explore monomode, as opposed to multimode, applications of fiber optics to local area networks (LANs), which have become a rather important aspect of this technology because of the ever-increasing growth of LANs. Monomode fiber optics requires the use of coherent light sources such as laser diodes, YAGs, and HeNe lasers, to name just a few. It has some distinct advantages over multimode that this text will investigate in a cursory manner. (The author's previous book on multimode fiber optics, Fiber Optic Design and Applications, published by Reston, would be helpful but not necessary to aug­ ment this text.) Monomode (or single-mode) fiber optics is the present direction of the state­ of-the-art because of its superior performance. Since a few problems existed that limited the growth of monomode technology at the time this book was being written, several sections of the text will be devoted to examining the shortcom­ ings as well as the performance advantages of this technology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7000-0
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  • 81
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    Progress in Photosynthesis Research : Volume 3 Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis Providence, Rhode Island, USA, August 10-15, 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (L, 848 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: to Volume III -- 1. Proton ATP-ase -- 2. Electrochemical Proton Gradients and ATP Synthesis -- 3. Light-dark Regulation of Carbon Metabolism -- 4. Metabolite Regulation of Carbon Metabolism -- 5. Ribulose 1,5 Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase -- 6. Other Chloroplast Enzymes -- 7. Metabolism of C4 and CAM Plants -- 8. Integration of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism -- 9. Photorespiration -- 10. Carbon Partitioning -- 11. Herbicide Action -- Index of names.
    Abstract: These Proceedings comprise the majority of the scientific contributions that were presented at the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis. The Congress was held August 10-15 1986 in Providence, Rhode Island, USA on the campus of Brown University, and was the first in the series to be held on the North American continent. Despite the greater average travel distances involved the Congress was attended by over 1000 active participants of whom 25% were registered students. This was gratifying and indicated that photosynthesis will be weIl served by excellent young scientists in the future. As was the case for the VIth International Congress held in Brussels, articles for these Proceedings were delivered camera ready to expedite rapid publication. In editing the volumes it was interesting to re fleet on the impact that the recent advances in structure and molecular biology had in this Congress. It is clear that cognizance of structure and molecular genetics will be even more necessary in the design of experiments and the direction of future research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0516-5
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  • 82
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    Progress in Photosynthesis Research : Volume 4 Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis Providence, Rhode Island, USA, August 10-15, 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIV, 858 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: to Volume IV -- 1. Photoinhibition -- 2. Temperature -- 3. Water Potentials -- 4. Salinity and Nutrient Deficiency -- 5. Regulation of Gas Exchange -- 6. Mechanisms of CO2 Concentration -- 7. Crop Productivity -- 8. Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments -- 9. Photoregulation of Chloroplast Development -- 10. Chloroplast Molecular Genetics -- 11. Photosynthetic Bacteria -- 12. Cyanobacteria -- Index of names.
    Abstract: These Proceedings comprise the majority of the scientific cont ribut ions that were presented at the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis. The Congress was held August 10-15 1986 in Providence, Rhode Island, USA on the campus of Brown University, and was the first in the series to be held on the North American continent. Despite the greater average travel distances involved the Congress was attended by over 1000 active participants of whom 25% were registered st udent s . This was gratifying and indicated that photosynthesis will be well served by excellent young scientists in the future. As was the case for the VIth International Congress held in Brussels, articles for these Proceedings were delivered camera ready to expedite rapid publication. In editing the volumes it was interesting to reflect on the impact that the recent advances in st ruct ure and molecular biology had in this Congress. It is clear that cognizance of st ruct ure and molecular genetics will be even more necessary in the design of experiments and the direction of future research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6
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  • 83
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    Numerical Analysis (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931572
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Numerical analysis. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Rounding errors and instability -- 2 Linear algebraic equations -- 2.1 Gauss elimination -- 2.2 Matrix decomposition methods -- 2.3 Iterative methods -- 3 Non-linear algebraic equations -- 3:1 Bracketing methods -- 3.2 Fixed point iteration -- 3.3 Newton’s method -- 3.4 Systems of non-linear equations -- 4 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors -- 4.1 The power method -- 4.2 Deflation -- 4.3 Jacobi’s method -- 4.4 Sturm sequence iteration -- 4.5 Givens’ and Householder’s methods -- 4.6 The LR and QR methods -- 4.7 Hessenberg form -- 5 Methods of approximation theory -- 5.1 Polynomial interpolation: Lagrange form -- 5.2 Polynomial interpolation: divided difference form -- 5.3 Polynomial interpolation: finite difference form -- 5.4 Hermite interpolation -- 5.5 Cubic spline interpolation -- 5.6 Least squares approximation to discrete data -- 5.7 Least squares approximation to continuous functions -- 6 Numerical differentiation and integration -- 6.1 Numerical differentiation -- 6.2 Numerical integration: Newton—Cotes formulas -- 6.3 Quadrature rules in composite form -- 6.4 Romberg’s method -- 6.5 Simpson’s adaptive quadrature -- 6.6 Gaussian quadrature -- 7 Ordinary differential equations: initial value problems -- 7.1 Derivation of linear multistep methods -- 7.2 Analysis of linear multistep methods -- 7.3 Runge-Kutta methods -- 7.4 Systems and higher order equations -- 8 Ordinary differential equations: boundary value problems -- 8.1 The finite difference method -- 8.2 The shooting method -- References -- Solutions to exercises.
    Abstract: This book is primarily intended for undergraduates in mathematics, the physical sciences and engineering. It introduces students to most of the techniques forming the core component of courses in numerical analysis. The text is divided into eight chapters which are largely self-contained. However, with a subject as intricately woven as mathematics, there is inevitably some interdependence between them. The level of difficulty varies and, although emphasis is firmly placed on the methods themselves rather than their analysis, we have not hesitated to include theoretical material when we consider it to be sufficiently interesting. However, it should be possible to omit those parts that do seem daunting while still being able to follow the worked examples and to tackle the exercises accompanying each section. Familiarity with the basic results of analysis and linear algebra is assumed since these are normally taught in first courses on mathematical methods. For reference purposes a list of theorems used in the text is given in the appendix.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 Rounding errors and instability -- 2 Linear algebraic equations -- 2.1 Gauss elimination -- 2.2 Matrix decomposition methods -- 2.3 Iterative methods -- 3 Non-linear algebraic equations -- 3:1 Bracketing methods -- 3.2 Fixed point iteration -- 3.3 Newton’s method -- 3.4 Systems of non-linear equations -- 4 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors -- 4.1 The power method -- 4.2 Deflation -- 4.3 Jacobi’s method -- 4.4 Sturm sequence iteration -- 4.5 Givens’ and Householder’s methods -- 4.6 The LR and QR methods -- 4.7 Hessenberg form -- 5 Methods of approximation theory -- 5.1 Polynomial interpolation: Lagrange form -- 5.2 Polynomial interpolation: divided difference form -- 5.3 Polynomial interpolation: finite difference form -- 5.4 Hermite interpolation -- 5.5 Cubic spline interpolation -- 5.6 Least squares approximation to discrete data -- 5.7 Least squares approximation to continuous functions -- 6 Numerical differentiation and integration -- 6.1 Numerical differentiation -- 6.2 Numerical integration: Newton-Cotes formulas -- 6.3 Quadrature rules in composite form -- 6.4 Romberg’s method -- 6.5 Simpson’s adaptive quadrature -- 6.6 Gaussian quadrature -- 7 Ordinary differential equations: initial value problems -- 7.1 Derivation of linear multistep methods -- 7.2 Analysis of linear multistep methods -- 7.3 Runge-Kutta methods -- 7.4 Systems and higher order equations -- 8 Ordinary differential equations: boundary value problems -- 8.1 The finite difference method -- 8.2 The shooting method -- References -- Solutions to exercises.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3157-2
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  • 84
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    Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties of Organic CompoundsProperties of Organometallic Compounds -- Vapor-Liquid Critical Constants of Fluids.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
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  • 85
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    Surface Coatings-1 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Widening World of Surface Coatings -- 2. Organotin-Based Antifouling Systems -- 3. High Solids Coatings -- 4. Recent Developments in the Artificial Weathering of Coatings Using Plasma Erosion -- 5. The Use of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Organic Coating Systems -- 6. Adhesion Promoters -- 7. Molecular Relaxation Processes During Film Formation.
    Abstract: The field of surface coatings is now so extensive, and is developing so rapidly, that no individual person could be expected to master it in its entirety. Hence, the days have gone when a lone author could compile a comprehensive treatise on the topic without overlooking many of the most significant developments. Yet the very growth and diversity of surface coatings make it essential that workers in the field should have access to up-to-date and authoritative reviews. It is to satisfy this need that we have assembled our team of authors, each of whom is an expert in his or her branch of the subject, and is well able to as'sess w:hat is most significant and exciting within that branch. They h,ave b~en encouraged to develop their themes in what they have felt to be the most appropriate way, with minimal editorial interference from us. We believe that the results of their labours will be of benefit to those engaged not only in basic research, but also to those working ip product development and in testing and evaluation of coatings.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Widening World of Surface Coatings2. Organotin-Based Antifouling Systems -- 3. High Solids Coatings -- 4. Recent Developments in the Artificial Weathering of Coatings Using Plasma Erosion -- 5. The Use of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Organic Coating Systems -- 6. Adhesion Promoters -- 7. Molecular Relaxation Processes During Film Formation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3441-2
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  • 86
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    Chromosomes Today : Proceedings of the Ninth International Chromosome Conference held in Marseille, France, 18-21 June 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401091664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: Molecular Cytogenetics -- Genetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular CytogeneticsGenetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9166-4
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  • 87
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    Signal Processing : Signals, Filtering, and Detection (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 664 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Signal processing. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Signals, Spectra, and Samples -- 1.0. Introduction -- 1.1. Signals -- 1.2. Fourier Series -- 1.3. Fourier, Laplace, and Hubert Transforms -- 1.4. Linear Systems and Filters -- 1.5. Sampling -- 1.6. Digital Signals and Discrete Transforms -- 1.7. Matrix and State Variable Methods -- 1.8. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 1.A. The Fast Fourier Transforms -- Appendix 1.B. Zeros and Poles -- Appendix 1.C. Proofs of Fourier, Laplace, and z Transforms -- Appendix 1.D. Digital Filter Fundamentals -- 2. Random Samples -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Probability Space -- 2.2. Probability Assignment -- 2.3. Random Variable -- 2.4. Moments and Characteristic Function -- 2.5. Functions of Random Variables -- 2.6. Multidimensional Random Variable -- 2.7. Conditional Probability: Distribution and Density -- 2.8. Distribution Associated with Gaussian Variables -- 2.9. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 2.A. Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality -- 3. Random Signals, Estimation, and Filtering -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Definition and Description -- 3.2. Correlation and Covariance Functions -- 3.3. Gaussian and Markov Processes -- 3.4. Stationary Random Signals -- 3.5. Spectral Analysis and Sampling -- 3.6. Narrow Band Noise Process -- 3.7. Estimation of Parameters -- 3.8. Estimation Methods -- 3.9. Recursive Estimation -- 3.10. Optimum Linear Filters -- 3.11. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 3.A. Spectral Estimation -- Appendix 3.B. Kaiman Filtering -- 4. Detection of Signals -- 4.0. Introduction -- 4.1. Hypothesis Testing -- 4.2. Signals with Known Parameters -- 4.3. Signals with Random Parameters -- 4.4. Signals in Colored Noise -- 4.5. Multiple Signals -- 4.6. Sequential Detection -- 4.7. Nonparametric Methods -- 4.8. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 4.A. Two Double-Integral Identities -- Appendix 4.B. Link Calculation for Satellite Communication and Rain Attenuation.
    Abstract: Signal processing arises in the design of such diverse systems as communications, sonar, radar, electrooptical, navigation, electronic warfare and medical imaging systems. It is also used in many physical sciences, such as geophysics, acoustics, and meteorology, among many others. The common theme is to extract and estimate the desired signals, which are mixed with a variety of noise sources and disturbances. Signal processing involves system analysis, random processes, statistical inferences, and software and hardware implementation. The purpose of this book is to provide an elementary, informal introduction, as well as a comprehensive account of principles of random signal processing, with emphasis on the computational aspects. This book covers linear system analysis, probability theory, random signals, spectral analysis, estimation, filtering, and detection theory. It can be used as a text for a course in signal processing by under­ graduates and beginning graduate students in engineering and science and also by engineers and scientists engaged in signal analysis, filtering, and detection. Part of the book has been used by the author while teaching at the State University of New York at Buffalo and California State University at Long Beach. An attempt has been made to make the book self-contained and straight­ forward, with the hope that readers with varied backgrounds can appreciate and apply principles of signal processing. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of linear analysis of deterministic signals.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Signals, Spectra, and Samples1.0. Introduction -- 1.1. Signals -- 1.2. Fourier Series -- 1.3. Fourier, Laplace, and Hubert Transforms -- 1.4. Linear Systems and Filters -- 1.5. Sampling -- 1.6. Digital Signals and Discrete Transforms -- 1.7. Matrix and State Variable Methods -- 1.8. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 1.A. The Fast Fourier Transforms -- Appendix 1.B. Zeros and Poles -- Appendix 1.C. Proofs of Fourier, Laplace, and z Transforms -- Appendix 1.D. Digital Filter Fundamentals -- 2. Random Samples -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Probability Space -- 2.2. Probability Assignment -- 2.3. Random Variable -- 2.4. Moments and Characteristic Function -- 2.5. Functions of Random Variables -- 2.6. Multidimensional Random Variable -- 2.7. Conditional Probability: Distribution and Density -- 2.8. Distribution Associated with Gaussian Variables -- 2.9. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 2.A. Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality -- 3. Random Signals, Estimation, and Filtering -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Definition and Description -- 3.2. Correlation and Covariance Functions -- 3.3. Gaussian and Markov Processes -- 3.4. Stationary Random Signals -- 3.5. Spectral Analysis and Sampling -- 3.6. Narrow Band Noise Process -- 3.7. Estimation of Parameters -- 3.8. Estimation Methods -- 3.9. Recursive Estimation -- 3.10. Optimum Linear Filters -- 3.11. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 3.A. Spectral Estimation -- Appendix 3.B. Kaiman Filtering -- 4. Detection of Signals -- 4.0. Introduction -- 4.1. Hypothesis Testing -- 4.2. Signals with Known Parameters -- 4.3. Signals with Random Parameters -- 4.4. Signals in Colored Noise -- 4.5. Multiple Signals -- 4.6. Sequential Detection -- 4.7. Nonparametric Methods -- 4.8. Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 4.A. Two Double-Integral Identities -- Appendix 4.B. Link Calculation for Satellite Communication and Rain Attenuation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7044-4
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  • 88
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    Recent Advances in Chemistry and Technology of Fats and Oils (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401174718
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physical Properties of Fats and Oils -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Melting and Crystallization Behaviour -- 1.3 Solids Content and Phase Diagrams -- 1.4 Compatibility of Fats: Product Defects -- 1.5 Final Remarks -- 1.6 References -- 2. Fatty Acid Sequence in Triglycerides and Related Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods for Determining Fatty Acid Sequence -- 2.3 Selected Applications -- 2.4 Appendix: Experimental Procedures -- 2.5 References -- 3. Industrial Aspects of Lipid Oxidation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Raw Materials -- 3.3 The Finished Product -- 4. Hydrogenation of Oils and Fats -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Layout -- 4.3 Autoclave Design -- 4.4 Reactions at the Catalyst Surface -- 4.5 References -- 5. The Analysis of Lipids with Special Reference to Milk Fat -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Lipid Class Separations -- 5.3 Fatty Acids and Related Aliphatic Compounds -- 5.4 The Positional Distributions of Fatty Acids in Milk Triacylglycerols -- 5.5 Molecular Species of Milk Triacylglycerols -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 5.7 Acknowledgement -- 5.8 References -- 6. Wheat Grain Lipids and their Role in the Bread-making Process -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of the Wheat Grain -- 6.3 Composition of Lipids in Wheat Grains -- 6.4 Relationship Between Grain Lipid Composition and Flour Lipid Composition -- 6.5 Storage Stability of Wheat Flour -- 6.6 The Role of Flour Lipids in Baking of Bread -- 6.7 Acknowledgements -- 6.8 References -- 7. Varietal Differences in Fatty Acid Compositions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Plant Lipid Compositions -- 7.3 Varieties Grown for Different Environmental Conditions -- 7.4 Compositions for Some Minor Seed Oils -- 7.5 References -- 8. Application of Modification Techniques -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Soybean Hydrogenation -- 8.3 Lard — as a Shortening -- 8.4 Margarine Development -- 8.5 Palm Oil Utilisation -- 8.6 Summary -- 8.7 References.
    Abstract: Since we produced Fats and Oils: Chemistry and Technology in 1980, the trend we anticipated to up-date the classical texts of oils and fats has manifested itself. Bailey's famous textbook has been completely revised and a second edition of Bernardini's work has been produced. The present text is an attempt to provide some insight into the current state of the art. Chapter 1 discusses the physical properties of oils and fats with special reference to those properties which can be monitored to give an in­ dication of the suitability of fats for chocolate production. The physical properties of the fats are often determined by the order in which the fatty acids are attached to the glyceride molecule. Ram Bhati, in the last article he wrote before his death, showed how mass spectrometry and chemical methods could be used to determine the sequence of fatty acids. Ram's essentially practical approach to the problem is exemplified by the section dealing with the experimental details of the techniques. Chapter 3 outlines some of the problems which can arise in industry when the lipid part of a foodstuff undergoes oxidation, whilst in Chapter 4 Patterson describes the major technique, hydrogenation, which is used to circumvent the problems caused by oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids. In Chapter 4 the essentials of the theory are given to enable the reader to appreciate the design features of the apparatus. Chapter 5 deals with the analysis, mainly chromatographic, of lipids.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physical Properties of Fats and Oils1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Melting and Crystallization Behaviour -- 1.3 Solids Content and Phase Diagrams -- 1.4 Compatibility of Fats: Product Defects -- 1.5 Final Remarks -- 1.6 References -- 2. Fatty Acid Sequence in Triglycerides and Related Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods for Determining Fatty Acid Sequence -- 2.3 Selected Applications -- 2.4 Appendix: Experimental Procedures -- 2.5 References -- 3. Industrial Aspects of Lipid Oxidation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Raw Materials -- 3.3 The Finished Product -- 4. Hydrogenation of Oils and Fats -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Layout -- 4.3 Autoclave Design -- 4.4 Reactions at the Catalyst Surface -- 4.5 References -- 5. The Analysis of Lipids with Special Reference to Milk Fat -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Lipid Class Separations -- 5.3 Fatty Acids and Related Aliphatic Compounds -- 5.4 The Positional Distributions of Fatty Acids in Milk Triacylglycerols -- 5.5 Molecular Species of Milk Triacylglycerols -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 5.7 Acknowledgement -- 5.8 References -- 6. Wheat Grain Lipids and their Role in the Bread-making Process -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of the Wheat Grain -- 6.3 Composition of Lipids in Wheat Grains -- 6.4 Relationship Between Grain Lipid Composition and Flour Lipid Composition -- 6.5 Storage Stability of Wheat Flour -- 6.6 The Role of Flour Lipids in Baking of Bread -- 6.7 Acknowledgements -- 6.8 References -- 7. Varietal Differences in Fatty Acid Compositions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Plant Lipid Compositions -- 7.3 Varieties Grown for Different Environmental Conditions -- 7.4 Compositions for Some Minor Seed Oils -- 7.5 References -- 8. Application of Modification Techniques -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Soybean Hydrogenation -- 8.3 Lard - as a Shortening -- 8.4 Margarine Development -- 8.5 Palm Oil Utilisation -- 8.6 Summary -- 8.7 References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7471-8
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  • 89
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    A Practical Approach to Sedimentology (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401176835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Description of sedimentary structures1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Structures on the upper bedding surface -- 1.3 Internal structures -- 1.4 Structures on the lower bedding surface: sole marks -- 1.5 Structures formed by soft-sediment deformation -- 1.6 Exercises: sedimentary structures -- 2 Analysis of sedimentary structures -- 2.1 Paleocurrent analysis -- 2.2 Correction of data for tectonic tilt -- 2.3 Graphic presentation of directional data -- 2.4 Vector mean and vector magnitude -- 2.5 Moving-average maps -- 2.6 Factors that cause variability in cross-bed dip azimuths -- 2.7 Exercises -- 3 Primary grain fabric -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sand-grain orientation -- 3.3 Pebble orientation in conglomerate -- 3.4 Intraclast orientation in limestone -- 3.5 Orientation of fossils -- 3.6 Exercise -- 4 Trace fossils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classification -- 4.3 Keys for trace fossil identification -- 4.4 Descriptions of common trace fossils -- 4.5 Behavioral classification -- 4.6 Features that may be misidentified as trace fossils -- 4.7 Value of trace fossils in sedimentology -- 4.8 Exercises: trace fossils -- 5 Particle morphology -- 5.1 Definitions -- 5.2 Measurement -- 5.3 Factors that control particle morphology -- 5.4 Reasons for studying particle morphology -- 5.5 Sample statistical analysis using the chi-square test -- 5.6 Exercises: roundness and chi-square -- 6 Mineral identification using X-ray diffraction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mineral identification (exclusive of clays) -- 6.3 Clay mineral identification -- 6.4 Chemical composition in solid-solution series -- 6.5 Quantification of mineral content -- 6.6 Sample preparation -- 6.7 Exercises: X-ray diffraction -- 7 Grain size -- 7.1 Grain-size classification -- 7.2 Grain-size analysis of unconsolidated sediment -- 7.3 Grain-size analysis of sedimentary rock -- 7.4 Graphic presentation of data -- 7.5 Statistical parameters of grain size -- 7.6 Variation in grain size with distance of transport -- 7.7 Exercises: grain size -- 8 Sedimentary rock classification -- 8.1 Sandstone -- 8.2 Mudrock -- 8.3 Conglomerate -- 8.4 Limestone -- 8.5 Sample statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U-test -- 8.6 Exercises: rock classification -- 9 Heavy minerals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Heavy mineral assemblage -- 9.3 Factors that control heavy mineral assemblages -- 9.4 Methods of separation and analysis -- 9.5 Mineral descriptions -- 10 Rock color -- 10.1 Descriptions of colors -- 10.2 Factors that influence color -- 11 Environmental analysis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Field data -- 11.3 Facies analysis of vertical sections -- 11.4 Facies maps -- 11.5 Facies models -- 11.6 Exercise: facies relationship diagram -- 11.7 Exercise: isopach and facies map -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7683-5
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  • 90
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    Autocracy (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401577410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 231 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Finance ; History ; Political science. ; Finance, Public.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Coups and Their Prevention -- III. War -- IV. ‘Popular’ Risings -- V. Legitimacy and Ethics -- VI. The Uses of Dictatorship -- VII. Becoming a Dictator -- VIII. The Problem of Succession -- IX. Democracy and Despotism -- Envoy.
    Abstract: My first serious thought about a scientific approach to politics was in Communist China. When the Communists seized China, the American Department of State, which was planning to recognize them, left its entire diplomatic establishment in place. At the time, I was a Vice Consul in Tientsin, so I found myself living under the Communists. While the Department of State was planning on recognizing the Communists, the Communist plans were obscure. In any event, they weren't going to recognize us in the Consulate­ General until formal relations were established between the two governments, so I had a great deal of leisure. As a man who then intended to spend his life as a political officer in the Department of State, I decided to fill in this time by reading political science. I rapidly realized, not only that the work was rather unsatisfactory from a scientific standpoint, but also that it didn't seem to have very much relevance to the Communist government under which I was then living. ! I was unable to solve the problem at the time, and after a number of vicissitudes which included service in Hong Kong and South Korea, neither of which was really a model of democracy, I resigned and switched over to an academic career primarily concerned with that mixture of economics and political science which we call Public Choice. Most of my work in Public Choice has dealt with democratic governments.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Coups and Their Prevention -- III. War -- IV. ‘Popular’ Risings -- V. Legitimacy and Ethics -- VI. The Uses of Dictatorship -- VII. Becoming a Dictator -- VIII. The Problem of Succession -- IX. Democracy and Despotism -- Envoy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7741-0
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  • 91
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    Death and Immortality (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 202 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: Death -- 1: Death -- 2: “My Death” -- 3 : The Fear of Death -- 4: Death and the Meaning of Life -- Two: Immortality -- 5: Immortality -- 6: Disembodied Existence -- 7: Resurrection -- 8: Rebirth -- Postscript -- Appendix: Karma and the Problem of Suffering -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The research for this work was undertaken during my tenure of a Senior Tutor­ ship in the Faculty of Arts and Music at the University of Otago (1983-85). Versions of some of the chapters herein have already been accepted for publication in the form of journal articles in Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, Sophia, and Religious Studies. My thanks to the editors and publishers concerned for permission to reuse this material. A number of people have assisted me in various ways. My greatest debt is to Graham Oddie, who supervised my doctoral research in this area and with whom I have had the benefit of innumerable discussions on these and other philosophical matters. I am very grateful for all I have learned from him. I would also like to thank: Bob Durrant for commenting helpfully on Chapter 2; the late Jim Harvie, both for his valuable suggestions (particularly regarding the material of Chapter 4) and for his encouraging enthusiasm for the whole project; George Hughes for his extensive comments on the whole work; and (for various points of detail) Alan Musgrave, Charles Pigden and Bryan Wilson. Despite much good advice, however, I have some­ times preferred to go my own way, recalling Blake's proverb: "If the fool would persist in his folly he would become wise. " With regard to the typing of the manuscript I am indebted to the word-processor wizardry of Jane Tannahill and Christine Colbert.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3529-7
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  • 92
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    Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar : A Unification-Based Approach (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401577663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Japanese language ; Computational linguistics ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: This book is a considerable revision and extension of my thesis for The Ohio State University completed in 1981: A Phrase Structural Analysis of the Japanese Language (Gunji 1981a). The book discusses some of the major grammatical constructions of Japanese in a version of phrase structure grammar called Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar (JPSG), which is loosely based on such frameworks for phrase structure grammar as Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). Particular emphasis is placed on the binding and control of pronouns (both implicit - "zero" - and explicit ones, including reflexives) in complementation structures (chapter 4) and adjunction structures (chapter 5). Even though this book started as a revision of my 1981 thesis, the resultant book has few traces of my thinking then. The 1981 thesis was closely related to an early version of GPSG, which was then at a very preliminary stage, and I had only a few preprints of papers by Gerald Gazdar and others to read. GPSG itself has evolved during the past. several years, culminating in a book published last year (Gazdar, Klein, Pullum, and Sag 1985), which differs from the early theory in many ways.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7766-3
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  • 93
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    Liner Shipping Economics (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931473
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Liner Shipping Industry -- 1 Characteristics of demand and supply of liner shipping -- 2 Market organization: the conference system -- 3 The level and structure of freight rates -- 4 The art of charging what the traffic can bear -- II Liner Service Optimization -- 5 Ship size and shipping costs -- 6 Multi-port calling versus trans-shipment -- 7 Shippers’ costs of sailings infrequency and transit time -- 8 Port costs and charges and the problem of shipping and port sub-optimizations -- 9 A cost minimization model of a liner trade -- III Economic Evaluation of the Conference System -- 10 The charging floor reconsidered -- 11 The freight rate structure is out of line with the marginal cost structure -- 12 Potential cartel profits become social costs -- 13 Conclusion: price competition in liner shipping should be encouraged -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: The importance of international liner shipping needs little emphasizing. A large majority of international trade moves by sea, and the liner shipping share in total freight revenue exceeds one-half. Notwithstanding, people in general know surprisingly little about the basic facts of the liner shipping industry, and, in particular, about the economics ofliner shipping. Perhaps because it is an international industry, where shipping lines flying many different flags participate, it has tended to fall in between national accounts of domestic industries. Even transport economists have, generally speaking, treated liner shipping rather 'stepmotherly'; besides the work of Bennathan and Walters (1969), a relatively small group of specialized maritime economists, including A. Stromme-Svendsen, T. Thorburn, S. Sturmey, R. Goss, and B. M. Deakin, have in the post-war period made important contributions to the subject, but so far no coherent and reasonably comprehensive treatise of liner shipping economics has appeared. The first purpose of the present volume is therefore obvious: to provide just that. The book is divided in three parts: Part I The liner shipping industry; Part II Liner service optimization; Part III Economic evaluation of the conference system. Needless to say, all three parts concur to fulfill the first purpose of providing a complete book of liner shipping economics. In Part II a more or less separate, second, purpose has been to develop analytical tools for liner service optimization. Thereby we use different approaches.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Liner Shipping Industry1 Characteristics of demand and supply of liner shipping -- 2 Market organization: the conference system -- 3 The level and structure of freight rates -- 4 The art of charging what the traffic can bear -- II Liner Service Optimization -- 5 Ship size and shipping costs -- 6 Multi-port calling versus trans-shipment -- 7 Shippers’ costs of sailings infrequency and transit time -- 8 Port costs and charges and the problem of shipping and port sub-optimizations -- 9 A cost minimization model of a liner trade -- III Economic Evaluation of the Conference System -- 10 The charging floor reconsidered -- 11 The freight rate structure is out of line with the marginal cost structure -- 12 Potential cartel profits become social costs -- 13 Conclusion: price competition in liner shipping should be encouraged -- References -- Author index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3147-3
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  • 94
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    Introduction to Optimization Methods and their Application in Statistics (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931534
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to optimization methods -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton—Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon—Fletcher—Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher—Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Optimization techniques are used to find the values of a set of parameters which maximize or minimize some objective function of interest. Such methods have become of great importance in statistics for estimation, model fitting, etc. This text attempts to give a brief introduction to optimization methods and their use in several important areas of statistics. It does not pretend to provide either a complete treatment of optimization techniques or a comprehensive review of their application in statistics; such a review would, of course, require a volume several orders of magnitude larger than this since almost every issue of every statistics journal contains one or other paper which involves the application of an optimization method. It is hoped that the text will be useful to students on applied statistics courses and to researchers needing to use optimization techniques in a statistical context. Lastly, my thanks are due to Bertha Lakey for typing the manuscript.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An introduction to optimization methods1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton-Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher-Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3153-4
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  • 95
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    Coffee : Volume 2: Technology (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 321 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Green Coffee Processing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dry Processing Method -- 3. Wet Processing Method -- 4. Curing -- 5. Storage -- 6. Handling -- References -- 2 Grading, Storage, Pre-treatments and Blending -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Marketed Grades -- 3. Storage -- 4. Pre-treatments -- 5. Selection and Blending -- References -- 3 Decaffeination of Coffee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solvent Decaffeination -- 3. Water Decaffeination -- 4. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decaffeination -- 5. Decaffeination of Roasted Coffee and Extract -- 6. Caffeine Refining -- References -- 4 Roasting and Grinding -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Process Factors in Roasting -- 3. Roasting Equipment -- 4. Process Factors in Grinding -- References -- 5 Extraction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanisms and Methods -- 3. Process Equipment -- References -- 6 Drying -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Process Factors in Spray-drying -- 3. Process Factors in Freeze-drying -- 4. Process Factors in Pre-concentration -- 5. Process Equipment -- References -- 7 Packing of Roast and Instant Coffee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Packing of Roast Whole Bean Coffee -- 3. Packing of Roast and Ground Coffee -- 4. Packing of Instant Coffee -- 5. Packing Equipment -- References -- 8 Home and Catering Brewing of Coffee G. PICTET -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bibliographic Review -- 3. Personal Research -- 4. General Conclusions -- References -- 9 Waste Products -- 1. Primary Processing: the Production of Green Coffee -- 2. Secondary Processing: the Production of Instant Coffee -- References -- 1. Units -- 1.1. SI base units -- 1.2. Some SI derived units used in engineering -- 1.3. Some prefixes for SI units -- 1.4. Some conversions of SI and non-SI units -- 1.5. Dimensionless units used -- 2. Symbols for Physical Quantities in Equations -- 3. Abbreviations -- 4. Flavour Terminology -- 5. Process Engineering Terminology -- 5.1. Food engineering and unit operations -- 6. Listing of British and International Standards Relating to Coffee.
    Abstract: The present volume, Volume 2 in this planned series on coffee, deals with processing and follows on naturally from the first volume on the chemistry of coffee, which described its numerous constituents in the green (raw) and various product forms. We have already remarked that coffee has great compositional complex­ ity, and this complexity of understanding extends when we come to that is, the many processes involved in the roasting consider its processing; of green coffee and its subsequent conversion into a consumable brew, especially through extraction and drying into an instant coffee. The simple brewing of roasted and ground coffee with water in the home also possesses considerable mystique and needs know-how for optimal results. The choice of green coffees from an almost bewildering array of different types available, through species/variety differences and different methods of processing from the coffee cherry to the green coffee bean, needs understanding and guidance. Furthermore, various forms of pre-treatment of green coffee before roasting are available. Some of these are little known, but others such as decaffeination, for those who desire roasted or instant coffee with little or no caffeine, are now becoming well established. Finally, both the processing of coffee cherries to coffee beans, leaving a range of different waste products (pulp, hulls, husk, parchment, etc.), and of roasted coffee after industrial aqueous extraction, leaving spent coffee grounds, provide waste products that have found considerable commercial value in different ways.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Green Coffee Processing1. Introduction -- 2. Dry Processing Method -- 3. Wet Processing Method -- 4. Curing -- 5. Storage -- 6. Handling -- References -- 2 Grading, Storage, Pre-treatments and Blending -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Marketed Grades -- 3. Storage -- 4. Pre-treatments -- 5. Selection and Blending -- References -- 3 Decaffeination of Coffee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solvent Decaffeination -- 3. Water Decaffeination -- 4. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decaffeination -- 5. Decaffeination of Roasted Coffee and Extract -- 6. Caffeine Refining -- References -- 4 Roasting and Grinding -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Process Factors in Roasting -- 3. Roasting Equipment -- 4. Process Factors in Grinding -- References -- 5 Extraction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanisms and Methods -- 3. Process Equipment -- References -- 6 Drying -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Process Factors in Spray-drying -- 3. Process Factors in Freeze-drying -- 4. Process Factors in Pre-concentration -- 5. Process Equipment -- References -- 7 Packing of Roast and Instant Coffee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Packing of Roast Whole Bean Coffee -- 3. Packing of Roast and Ground Coffee -- 4. Packing of Instant Coffee -- 5. Packing Equipment -- References -- 8 Home and Catering Brewing of Coffee G. PICTET -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bibliographic Review -- 3. Personal Research -- 4. General Conclusions -- References -- 9 Waste Products -- 1. Primary Processing: the Production of Green Coffee -- 2. Secondary Processing: the Production of Instant Coffee -- References -- 1. Units -- 1.1. SI base units -- 1.2. Some SI derived units used in engineering -- 1.3. Some prefixes for SI units -- 1.4. Some conversions of SI and non-SI units -- 1.5. Dimensionless units used -- 2. Symbols for Physical Quantities in Equations -- 3. Abbreviations -- 4. Flavour Terminology -- 5. Process Engineering Terminology -- 5.1. Food engineering and unit operations -- 6. Listing of British and International Standards Relating to Coffee.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3417-7
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  • 96
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    National Security Issues of the USSR (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional planning ; History. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Political science.
    Abstract: One: Soviet Foreign Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (1) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (2) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Two: Domestic Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (1) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (2) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Three: Arms Control under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (1) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (2) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Four: Security Aspects of Science and Technology in the Ussr -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (1) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (2) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Five: Economics — Overall -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (1) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (2) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Six: Economics — Military-Industrial -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (1) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (2) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Seven: Current Soviet Military Doctrine -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (1) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (2) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Eight: Soviet Military Strategy in the Emerging Post-Nuclear Era -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (1) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (2) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (3) -- Summary of discussion.
    Abstract: LORD CARRINGTON Secretary General, North Atla/ltic Treaty Orga/lisation In providing a foreword to this volume, I have to declare an interest. I was, and am still, an enthusiastic advocate of the idea of having a resident Sovietologist at NATO headquarters, Indeed, I wondered how the work of the organisation had been done for so long without the benefit of a resident expert on a subject of such crucial interest. I was therefore delighted when an American academic of high reputation, Murray Feshbach, joined us as our first Sovietologist. I was also encouraged that he decided to organise last November a Workshop in which NATO staff could take part and which would attract prestigious participants from all the countries of this alliance, I saw for myself the high level of interest created by the Workshop, and judge it to have a very considerable success, I hope there will be other similar events in the future, There is no doubt that, in the light of the series of developments and changes launched over recent months by Mr.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Soviet Foreign Policy under GorbachevComments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (1) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (2) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Two: Domestic Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (1) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (2) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Three: Arms Control under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (1) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (2) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Four: Security Aspects of Science and Technology in the Ussr -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (1) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (2) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Five: Economics - Overall -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (1) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (2) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Six: Economics - Military-Industrial -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (1) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (2) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Seven: Current Soviet Military Doctrine -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (1) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (2) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Eight: Soviet Military Strategy in the Emerging Post-Nuclear Era -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (1) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (2) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (3) -- Summary of discussion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3643-0
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  • 97
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    Fundamentals of Palaeobotany (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Preservation types and techniques of study of fossil plants -- 2. Principles of typology and of nomenclature of fossil plants -- Parataxa and eutaxa -- Taxa and characters -- Peculiarity of the taxonomy and nomenclature of fossil plants -- The binary (dual) system of fossil plants -- The reasons for the inflation of generic names -- The species problem in palaeobotany -- The polytypic concept of the species -- Assemblage-genera and assemblage-species -- The cladistic methods -- 3. Fossil plants systematics -- I. Prokaryotes -- II. Eukaryotes -- Higher Plants -- 4. Palaeopalynology -- Certain conceptions and terms -- Taxonomy of dispersed miospores -- Correlations between miospore parataxa and eutaxa -- Morphological evolution of miospores -- Dispersed megaspores -- 5. Epidermal-cuticular studies -- Pertinent characters used in ECS -- Systematic significance of the characters -- Evolution of the epidermal-cuticular characters -- Classification of dispersed cuticles -- 6. Plant palaeoecology -- 7. Palaeofloristics -- History of floras -- The rise of land vegetation -- Silurian-Devonian floras -- Carboniferous and Permian floras -- Transition from Palaeophyte to Mesophyte -- Triassic floras -- Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous floras -- Transition from Mesophyte to Cenophyte. Upper Cretaceous floras -- Cainozoic floras (by M. A. Akhmetyev) -- Salient features of the Cainozoic palaeofloristics. Major phytochoria -- Major features of florogeny -- 8. Relationship between palaeobotany and other fields of natural history -- Stratigraphy -- Lithology -- Palaeoclimatology -- Tectonics and plate movement -- Palaeobotany and the theory of evolution -- Palaeobotany and plant morphology -- References.
    Abstract: There have been at least ten English-language textbooks of palaeobotany since D. H. Scott published the first edition of Studies inFossilBotany in 1900. Most have been written by scientists who were primarily botanists by training, and were aimed largely at a readership familiar with living plants. They tended to follow a general pattern of an introductory chapter on preservation of plants as fossils, followed by a systematic treatment, group by group. Only Seward in his Plant Life Through the Ages departed from this pattern in presenting a chronological sequence. In the present book, Meyen breaks with?is tradition. Although having a basically biological approach, he reaches out into all aspects of the history of plant life and the wider implication of its study. Only half of the present work deals sequentially with fossil plant groups, treated systematically. The remainder then explores those topics which most other textbooks have incidentally??e generally either ignored or have only mentioned rather problems of naming and classifying fragmentary plant fossils, their ecology; biogeography and palaeoclimatic significance and the contribution that?ey have made to the understanding of living plant morphology, and of the process of evolution.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Preservation types and techniques of study of fossil plants2. Principles of typology and of nomenclature of fossil plants -- Parataxa and eutaxa -- Taxa and characters -- Peculiarity of the taxonomy and nomenclature of fossil plants -- The binary (dual) system of fossil plants -- The reasons for the inflation of generic names -- The species problem in palaeobotany -- The polytypic concept of the species -- Assemblage-genera and assemblage-species -- The cladistic methods -- 3. Fossil plants systematics -- I. Prokaryotes -- II. Eukaryotes -- Higher Plants -- 4. Palaeopalynology -- Certain conceptions and terms -- Taxonomy of dispersed miospores -- Correlations between miospore parataxa and eutaxa -- Morphological evolution of miospores -- Dispersed megaspores -- 5. Epidermal-cuticular studies -- Pertinent characters used in ECS -- Systematic significance of the characters -- Evolution of the epidermal-cuticular characters -- Classification of dispersed cuticles -- 6. Plant palaeoecology -- 7. Palaeofloristics -- History of floras -- The rise of land vegetation -- Silurian-Devonian floras -- Carboniferous and Permian floras -- Transition from Palaeophyte to Mesophyte -- Triassic floras -- Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous floras -- Transition from Mesophyte to Cenophyte. Upper Cretaceous floras -- Cainozoic floras (by M. A. Akhmetyev) -- Salient features of the Cainozoic palaeofloristics. Major phytochoria -- Major features of florogeny -- 8. Relationship between palaeobotany and other fields of natural history -- Stratigraphy -- Lithology -- Palaeoclimatology -- Tectonics and plate movement -- Palaeobotany and the theory of evolution -- Palaeobotany and plant morphology -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3151-0
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  • 98
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    Chemoreceptors in Respiratory Control (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401511551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Hypoxia-Induced Intermitochondrial Junctions in the Rabbit Carotid-Body: An Ultrastructural and Experimental Study -- Ultrastructural Studies of the Cat Carotid Body Perfused for Short Periods with Physiological Saline Solutions -- Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Laryngeal Nerve Paraganglia -- Central Terminations of Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Afferents -- Vascular Geometry of Arterial Chemoreceptors: Learning about the Carotid Body by Studying Paraganglia of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve -- Altered Function of Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors in Prolonged Hyperoxia -- Glycolysis as a Link for Chemoreception? -- Spectrophotometric Studies on Carotid Body Tissue -- ATP Content in the Cat Carotid Body under Different Experimental Conditions. Support for the Metabolic Hypothesis -- Pathways for Calcium Entry into Type I Cells: Significance for the Secretory Response -- Effects of Cyanide and Acetylcholine on Extracellular K+ and Ca++ Activities in the Cat Carotid Body -- Application of the Chemiluminescent Method to Carotid Body for Detecting Choline and Acetylcholine -- Monoamine Content and Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body -- A Comparative Study of the Metabolism of Catecholamines in the Rabbit and Cat Carotid Body -- Release of Catecholamines by Electrical Stimulation of the Cat Carotid Sinus Nerve in Vitro -- Dopamine and 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Concentrations in Rat Carotid Body: The Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Hyperoxia from Birth -- Prolonged Hyperoxia and Oligomycin have Similar Effects on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors -- In Vitro Carotid Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia after Reserpinization or AMPT-Treatment in the Rabbit and in the Cat -- Regulation of Neuropeptide Levels in Sensory Receptors and Autonomic Ganglia -- Origin of Respiratory Oscillations in Chemoreceptor Discharge -- Afferent Activity in the Sinus Nerve of the Rabbit after Regeneration -- The Role of the Carotid Body in Acclimatization to Hypoxia -- The Role of the Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Cardiovascular Responses of the Cat to Acute Systemic Hypoxia -- The Effect of Premature Delivery on Chemoreceptor Sensitivity in the Lamb -- Studies of Chemoreceptor Resetting after Hyperoxic Ventilation of the Fetus in Utero -- The Chemoreception of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia: Further Evidence for a Dual Sensing Mechanism -- Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Response to Transient Arterial Occlusion -- The Carotid Bodies in Coarctation of the Aorta -- The Carotid Bodies in a Case of Ventricular Septal Defect -- Histological Changes Associated with Ageing of the Human Carotid Body -- Slow Ventilatory Dynamics in Hypoxic Patients with Obstructive Airways Disease -- Propranolol Treatment Inhibits the Carotid Body Vascular Changes Evoked by Long-Term Hypoxia -- Acetylcholine- and Dopamine-Induced Excitation of Cultured Newborn Rabbit Nodose Ganglion Neurons: Effects of Co-Culture with Carotid Body Fragments -- Pharmacological Studies on Opioid Receptors in the Cat Carotid Body -- Chemoexcitation Evoked by Adenosine: Pharmacological Characterisation of the Receptor -- Adenosine Modulation of Respiration Mediated by Carotid Body Chemoreceptors -- Interference by Domperidone on Chemosensory and Ventilatory Responses to Dopamine -- The Double Reflexogenic Action of Lobeline, Acetylcholine and Cyanides on the Carotid Body, Influence of Phentolamine and Sulpiride -- Power Spectral Analysis of Chemoreceptor Discharges During Asphyxia and after Administration of Almitrine Bismesylate -- Peripheral Chemoreceptor Stimulation and Pulmonary Circulation in the Rat -- Almitrine Anatagonizes the Depressant Effect of the Morphinomimetic Agent, Fentanyl on Bulbar Respiratory Neurons -- Effects of Chronic Hypoxia on Chemoreceptor Function in the Newborn -- Reduction in Dopaminergic Activity in the Rat Carotid Body after Acute or Chronic Almitrine -- Carotid Body Responses to Administration of Almitrine Bismesylate -- Kinetics of Almitrine Bismesylate and its Metabolites in the Carotid Body and Other Tissues of the Rat.
    Abstract: List of Participants 1 Hypoxia-Induced Intermitochondrial Junctions in the Rabbit Carotid-Body : An Ultrastructural and Experimental Study. A. VERNA. N. TALIB and A. BARETS. 11 Ultrastructural Studies of the Cat Carotid Body Perfused for Short Periods with Physiological Saline Solutions. R.G. O'REGAN. M. KENNEDY. D. COTTELL and S. FEELY. Morphological and Biochemical 19 Characteristics of the Laryngeal Nerve paraganglia. A. DAHLQVIST. S. HELLSTROM. B. CARLSOO. J.M. PEGUIGNOT and S. DOMEIJ. 29 Central Terminations of Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Afferents. D. JORDAN. S. DONOGHUE. R.B. FELDER and K.M. SPYER. 39 Vascular Geometry of Arterial Chemoreceptors: Learning about the Caritud Body by Studying paraganglia of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve D. M. McDONALD and AMY HASKELL. Altered Function of Cat Carotid Body 50 Chemoreceptors in Prolonged Hyperoxia. S. LAHIRI. E. MULLIGAN. A. MORASHI. S. ADNRONIKOU and M. SHIRAHATA. 59 Glycolysis as a Link for Chemoreception? MARCO A. DELPIANO. Spectrophotometric Studies on Carotid 69 Body Tissue. H. ACKER. C. EYZAGUIRRE. ATP Content in the Cat Carotid Body 78 under Different Experimental Conditions. Support for the Metabolic Hypothesis. A. onESO. L. AL~ffiRAZ and C. GONZALEZ. 91 pathways for Calcium Entry into Type I Cells: Significance for the Secretory Response. A. OBESO. S. FIDONE and C. GONZALEZ. Effects of Cyanide and Acetylcholine on 99 Extracellular K+ and Ca++ Activities in the Cat Carotid Body. R.G. O'REGAN and H. ACKER. Application of the Chemiluminescent 108 Method to Carotid Body for Detecting Choline and Acetylcholine. ARCADI GUAL and JORDI HARSAL.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hypoxia-Induced Intermitochondrial Junctions in the Rabbit Carotid-Body: An Ultrastructural and Experimental StudyUltrastructural Studies of the Cat Carotid Body Perfused for Short Periods with Physiological Saline Solutions -- Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Laryngeal Nerve Paraganglia -- Central Terminations of Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Afferents -- Vascular Geometry of Arterial Chemoreceptors: Learning about the Carotid Body by Studying Paraganglia of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve -- Altered Function of Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors in Prolonged Hyperoxia -- Glycolysis as a Link for Chemoreception? -- Spectrophotometric Studies on Carotid Body Tissue -- ATP Content in the Cat Carotid Body under Different Experimental Conditions. Support for the Metabolic Hypothesis -- Pathways for Calcium Entry into Type I Cells: Significance for the Secretory Response -- Effects of Cyanide and Acetylcholine on Extracellular K+ and Ca++ Activities in the Cat Carotid Body -- Application of the Chemiluminescent Method to Carotid Body for Detecting Choline and Acetylcholine -- Monoamine Content and Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body -- A Comparative Study of the Metabolism of Catecholamines in the Rabbit and Cat Carotid Body -- Release of Catecholamines by Electrical Stimulation of the Cat Carotid Sinus Nerve in Vitro -- Dopamine and 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Concentrations in Rat Carotid Body: The Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Hyperoxia from Birth -- Prolonged Hyperoxia and Oligomycin have Similar Effects on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors -- In Vitro Carotid Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia after Reserpinization or AMPT-Treatment in the Rabbit and in the Cat -- Regulation of Neuropeptide Levels in Sensory Receptors and Autonomic Ganglia -- Origin of Respiratory Oscillations in Chemoreceptor Discharge -- Afferent Activity in the Sinus Nerve of the Rabbit after Regeneration -- The Role of the Carotid Body in Acclimatization to Hypoxia -- The Role of the Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Cardiovascular Responses of the Cat to Acute Systemic Hypoxia -- The Effect of Premature Delivery on Chemoreceptor Sensitivity in the Lamb -- Studies of Chemoreceptor Resetting after Hyperoxic Ventilation of the Fetus in Utero -- The Chemoreception of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia: Further Evidence for a Dual Sensing Mechanism -- Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Response to Transient Arterial Occlusion -- The Carotid Bodies in Coarctation of the Aorta -- The Carotid Bodies in a Case of Ventricular Septal Defect -- Histological Changes Associated with Ageing of the Human Carotid Body -- Slow Ventilatory Dynamics in Hypoxic Patients with Obstructive Airways Disease -- Propranolol Treatment Inhibits the Carotid Body Vascular Changes Evoked by Long-Term Hypoxia -- Acetylcholine- and Dopamine-Induced Excitation of Cultured Newborn Rabbit Nodose Ganglion Neurons: Effects of Co-Culture with Carotid Body Fragments -- Pharmacological Studies on Opioid Receptors in the Cat Carotid Body -- Chemoexcitation Evoked by Adenosine: Pharmacological Characterisation of the Receptor -- Adenosine Modulation of Respiration Mediated by Carotid Body Chemoreceptors -- Interference by Domperidone on Chemosensory and Ventilatory Responses to Dopamine -- The Double Reflexogenic Action of Lobeline, Acetylcholine and Cyanides on the Carotid Body, Influence of Phentolamine and Sulpiride -- Power Spectral Analysis of Chemoreceptor Discharges During Asphyxia and after Administration of Almitrine Bismesylate -- Peripheral Chemoreceptor Stimulation and Pulmonary Circulation in the Rat -- Almitrine Anatagonizes the Depressant Effect of the Morphinomimetic Agent, Fentanyl on Bulbar Respiratory Neurons -- Effects of Chronic Hypoxia on Chemoreceptor Function in the Newborn -- Reduction in Dopaminergic Activity in the Rat Carotid Body after Acute or Chronic Almitrine -- Carotid Body Responses to Administration of Almitrine Bismesylate -- Kinetics of Almitrine Bismesylate and its Metabolites in the Carotid Body and Other Tissues of the Rat.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1155-1
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  • 99
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    Online Resource
    Sea Surface Studies : A Global View (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401511469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: First Principles and the Scope of Sea-surface Studies -- 1. Introduction: First Principles and the Scope of Sea-surface Studies -- One: Sea-Surface (Sea-level) Changes: What Are They? -- 2. Ocean Volume Change and the History of Sea Water -- 3. Mechanisms of Relative Sea-level Change and the Geophysical Responses to Ice-Water Loading -- 4. Glaciation and Sea Level: A Case Study -- 5. Tectonic Processes and their Impact on the Recording of Relative Sea-level Changes -- Two: The Evidence and Interpretation of Sea-Surface (Sea-level) Movements -- 6. Dating and Associated Methodological Problems in the Study of Quaternary Sea-level Changes -- 7. Global Analysis and Correlation of Sea-level Data -- Three: The State of Current Knowledge: Regional and Global Views -- 8a. Pre-Quaternary Long-Term Changes in Sea Level -- 8b. Quaternary Sea-level Changes: Northern Hemisphere Data -- 9. Quaternary Sea-level Changes: Southern Hemisphere Data -- 10. Sea-level Changes During the Holocene: The North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans -- 11. Sea-level Changes During the Holocene: The Northwest Pacific -- 12. Holocene Sea-level Changes in Australasia and the Southern Pacific -- The Impact and Application of Sea-surface Changes: An Introduction to Parts Four and Five -- The Impact and Application of Sea-surface Changes: An Introduction to Parts Four and Five -- Four: The Coastline: Processes, Planning and Management -- 13. Coastal Processes: The Coastal Response to Sea-level Variation -- 14. Man’s Response to Sea-level Change -- 15. The Greenhouse Effect, Rising Sea Level and Society’s Response -- Five: Sea-surface (Sea-level) Changes: Some Wider Implications -- 16. Hydrocarbon Exploration and Biostratigraphy: The Application of Sea-level Studies -- 17. Placer Deposits of the Nearshore and Coastal Zones: The Role of Littoral Processes and Sea-level Changes in their Formation -- 18. Sea-surface Variations and Energy: Tidal and Wave Power -- Six: Conclusions -- 19. Sea-surface Changes: Where Do We Go From Here? -- Appendix I -- Appendix II.
    Abstract: The oceans are vast with t,¥o-thirds of our planet being covered by a thick layer of water, the depth of which can be likened to flying above the earth's surface at an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,800 m). Good to play in, essential for life but deadly to breathe, water is important to all organisms on the planet, and the oceans form its major reservoir containing approximately 97 per cent of all freely available surface water. In spite of this obvious importance mankind has still much to learn about this ocean environment. Study of the oceans has grown enormously since the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century voyages of scientific discovery, expanding greatly in the period post 1945. One of the subjects that has blossomed in this period has been the study of the ocean's surface, and in particular the study of sea­ level and related sea-surface changes. Indeed this topic may even be termed 'popular', as reflected in the growing number of general geo­ morphology, physical geology and oceanography texts which now give space to the subject.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: First Principles and the Scope of Sea-surface Studies1. Introduction: First Principles and the Scope of Sea-surface Studies -- One: Sea-Surface (Sea-level) Changes: What Are They? -- 2. Ocean Volume Change and the History of Sea Water -- 3. Mechanisms of Relative Sea-level Change and the Geophysical Responses to Ice-Water Loading -- 4. Glaciation and Sea Level: A Case Study -- 5. Tectonic Processes and their Impact on the Recording of Relative Sea-level Changes -- Two: The Evidence and Interpretation of Sea-Surface (Sea-level) Movements -- 6. Dating and Associated Methodological Problems in the Study of Quaternary Sea-level Changes -- 7. Global Analysis and Correlation of Sea-level Data -- Three: The State of Current Knowledge: Regional and Global Views -- 8a. Pre-Quaternary Long-Term Changes in Sea Level -- 8b. Quaternary Sea-level Changes: Northern Hemisphere Data -- 9. Quaternary Sea-level Changes: Southern Hemisphere Data -- 10. Sea-level Changes During the Holocene: The North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans -- 11. Sea-level Changes During the Holocene: The Northwest Pacific -- 12. Holocene Sea-level Changes in Australasia and the Southern Pacific -- The Impact and Application of Sea-surface Changes: An Introduction to Parts Four and Five -- The Impact and Application of Sea-surface Changes: An Introduction to Parts Four and Five -- Four: The Coastline: Processes, Planning and Management -- 13. Coastal Processes: The Coastal Response to Sea-level Variation -- 14. Man’s Response to Sea-level Change -- 15. The Greenhouse Effect, Rising Sea Level and Society’s Response -- Five: Sea-surface (Sea-level) Changes: Some Wider Implications -- 16. Hydrocarbon Exploration and Biostratigraphy: The Application of Sea-level Studies -- 17. Placer Deposits of the Nearshore and Coastal Zones: The Role of Littoral Processes and Sea-level Changes in their Formation -- 18. Sea-surface Variations and Energy: Tidal and Wave Power -- Six: Conclusions -- 19. Sea-surface Changes: Where Do We Go From Here? -- Appendix I -- Appendix II.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1146-9
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401771443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 707 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7144-3
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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