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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (7)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (7)
  • Computer Science  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401786454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 186 p. 22 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Lu, Xiaofei Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis
    RVK:
    Keywords: Translators (Computer programs) ; Applied linguistics ; Linguistics ; Korpus ; Computerlinguistik
    Abstract: In the past few decades the use of increasingly large text corpora has grown rapidly in language and linguistics research. This was enabled by remarkable strides in natural language processing (NLP) technology, technology that enables computers to automatically and efficiently process, annotate and analyze large amounts of spoken and written text in linguistically and/or pragmatically meaningful ways. It has become more desirable than ever before for language and linguistics researchers who use corpora in their research to gain an adequate understanding of the relevant NLP technology to take full advantage of its capabilities. This volume provides language and linguistics researchers with an accessible introduction to the state-of-the-art NLP technology that facilitates automatic annotation and analysis of large text corpora at both shallow and deep linguistic levels. The book covers a wide range of computational tools for lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discourse analysis, together with detailed instructions on how to obtain, install and use each tool in different operating systems and platforms. The book illustrates how NLP technology has been applied in recent corpus-based language studies and suggests effective ways to better integrate such technology in future corpus linguistics research. This book provides language and linguistics researchers with a valuable reference for corpus annotation and analysis.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400765641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 200 p. 22 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Law, Governance and Technology Series 10
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pagallo, Ugo The laws of robots
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Law ; Law ; Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers Law and legislation ; Civil law ; Criminal Law ; Computer ; Privatrecht ; Strafrecht ; Roboter ; Recht
    Abstract: This book explores how the design, construction, and use of robotics technology may affect today’s legal systems and, more particularly, matters of responsibility and agency in criminal law, contractual obligations, and torts. By distinguishing between the behaviour of robots as tools of human interaction, and robots as proper agents in the legal arena, jurists will have to address a new generation of “hard cases.” General disagreement may concern immunity in criminal law (e.g., the employment of robot soldiers in battle), personal accountability for certain robots in contracts (e.g., robo-traders), much as clauses of strict liability and negligence-based responsibility in extra-contractual obligations (e.g., service robots in tort law). Since robots are here to stay, the aim of the law should be to wisely govern our mutual relationships
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: On Law, Philosophy and Technology; 2.1 The Philosophy of Law and Robots; 2.1.1 The Law in Literature; 2.1.2 Sources, Concepts, and Legal Reasoning; 2.1.3 The Levels of Abstraction; 2.2 The Principle of Responsibility; 2.2.1 Immunity; 2.2.2 Strict Liability; 2.2.3 Personal Fault; 2.2.4 Responsibility for a Robot; 2.3 Agency and Accountability of Artificial Agents; 2.3.1 A Moral Threshold; 2.3.2 Agents Before the Law; 2.4 Who Pays?; Chapter 3: Crimes; 3.1 Sci-Fi Scenarios
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 The States of Mind and Criminal Acts3.3 Robots and Just Wars; 3.3.1 What Robots Might Change; 3.3.2 Just Causes of War; 3.3.3 Conditions of Just Wars; 3.3.4 Proportionality; 3.4 The Phenomenology of Picciotto Roboto; 3.4.1 Picciotto by Design; 3.4.2 Crimes of Intent; 3.4.3 Crimes of Negligence; 3.5 A Failure of Causation?; Chapter 4: Contracts; 4.1 Pacts, Clauses and Risk; 4.2 The Artificial Doctor; 4.2.1 Parties, Counterparties and Third Parties; 4.2.2 Producers, Users and Patients; 4.3 Robo-Traders; 4.3.1 Artificial Greediness; 4.3.2 The Robot and the Principal
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3.3 A New Agent in Town4.4 Modern Robots, Ancient Slaves; 4.4.1 The Digital Peculium; 4.5 The UV Revolution; 4.5.1 AI Chauffeurs and Intelligent Car Sharing; 4.5.2 Unjust Damages; Chapter 5: Torts; 5.1 Bad Intentions; 5.2 Children, Pets and Negligence; 5.2.1 American Parents; 5.2.2 Italian Parents; 5.3 AI Employees and Strict Liability Rules; 5.3.1 The Digital Peculium Revisited; 5.4 Burdens of Proof; 5.4.1 The Precautionary Principle; 5.4.2 Robotic Openness; Chapter 6: Law as Meta-technology; 6.1 Robots as Legal Persons; 6.1.1 The Front of Robotic Liberation; 6.1.2 The Pragmatic Stance
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.2 Robots as Strict Agents6.3 Sources of Good and Evil; 6.4 Levels of Complexity; 6.4.1 Technologies of Social Control; 6.4.2 The Political Requirement; Conclusions; References
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Associated volumes
    ISBN: 9789400755833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 645 p. 133 illus) , digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2013 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Law, Governance and Technology Series 8
    Parallel Title: Print version Agreement Technologies
    DDC: 006.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences Data processing ; Datenverarbeitung ; Künstliche Intelligenz
    Abstract: More and more transactions, whether in business or related to leisure activities, are mediated automatically by computers and computer networks, and this trend is having a significant impact on the conception and design of new computer applications. The next generation of these applications will be based on software agents to which increasingly complex tasks can be delegated, and which interact with each other in sophisticated ways so as to forge agreements in the interest of their human users. The wide variety of technologies supporting this vision is the subject of this volume. It summarises the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action project on Agreement Technologies (AT), during which approximately 200 researchers from 25 European countries, along with eight institutions from non-COST countries, cooperated as part of a number of working groups. The book is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of Agreement Technologies, written and coordinated by the leading researchers in the field. The results set out here are due for wide dissemination beyond the computing sector, involving law and social science as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. I. Foundations -- pt. II. Semantics in agreement technologies -- pt. III. Norms -- pt. IV. Organisations and institutions -- pt. V. Argumentation and negotiation -- pt. VI. Trust and reputation -- pt. VII. Applications.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I Foundations -- 1 Agreement Technologies: A Computing perspective; Sascha Ossowski, Carles Sierra and Vicente Botti -- 2 Agreement and Relational Justice: A Perspective from Philosophy and Sociology of Law; Pompeu Casanovas -- 3 Agreements as the Grease (not the Glue) of Society: A Cognitive and Social Science Perspective; Fabio Paglieri -- Part II Semantics in Agreement Technologies -- 4 Agreement Technologies and the Semantic Web; Axel Polleres -- 5 Logical formalisms for Agreement Technologies; Antoine Zimmermann -- 6 Reconciling heterogeneous knowledge with ontology matching; Cássia Trojahn and George Vouros -- 7 Semantics in Multi-Agent Systems; Nicoletta Fornara, Gordan Ježi´c, Mario Kušek, Ignac Lovrek, Vedran Podobnik, Krunoslav Tržec -- 8 SemanticWeb Services in Agreement Technologies; Zijie Cong and Alberto Fernández -- 9 Using ontologies to manage resources in Grid computing-practical aspects; Michał Drozdowicz, Maria Ganzha, Katarzyna Wasielewska, MarcinPaprzycki and Paweł Szmeja -- Part III Norms -- 10 Deontic logic; Jan Broersen, Dov Gabbay, Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini, John-Jules Meyer, Xavier Parent and Leendert van der Torre -- 11 (Social) Norms and Agent-Based Simulation; Giulia Andrighetto, Stephen Cranefield, Rosaria Conte, Martin Purvis, Maryam Purvis, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Daniel Villatoro -- 12 Norms in Game Theory; Davide Grossi, Luca Tummolini and Paolo Turrini -- 13 AI and Law; Giovanni Sartor and Antonino Rotolo -- 14 Normative Agents; Michael Luck, Samhar Mahmoud, Felipe Meneguzzi, Martin Kollingbaum, Timothy J. Norman, Natalia Criado and Moser SilvaFagundes -- 15 Norms and Trust; Rino Falcone, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Andrew Jones and Eugénio Oliveira -- 16 Norms and Argumentation; Nir Oren, Antonino Rotolo, Leendert van der Torre and Serena Villata -- Part IV Organisations and Institutions -- 17 Describing agent organisations; Estefanía Argente, Olivier Boissier, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Kristi Kirikal and Kuldar Taveter -- 18 Modelling Agent Institutions; Nicoletta Fornara, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Pablo Noriega, Eugénio Oliveira and Charalampos Tampitsikas -- 19 Organisational Reasoning Agents; Olivier Boissier and M. Birna van Riemsdijk -- 20 Adaptive Agent Organisations; Estefanía Argente, Holger Billhardt, Carlos Cuesta, Sergio Esparcia, Jana Görmer, Ramón Hermoso, Kristi Kirikal, Marin Lujak, José-Santiago Pérez-Sotelo and Kuldar Taveter --  Part V Argumentation and Negotiation -- 21 The Added Value of Argumentation; Sanjay Modgil, Francesca Toni, Floris Bex, Ivan Bratko, Carlos I. Chesñevar, Wolfgang Dvoˇrák, Marcelo A. Falappa, Xiuyi Fan, Sarah Alice Gaggl, Alejandro J. García, María P. González, Thomas F. Gordon, João Leite, Martin Možina, Chris Reed, Guillermo R. Simari, Stefan Szeider, Paolo Torroni and Stefan Woltran --  22 Trends in Multiagent Negotiation: from Bilateral Bargaining to Consensus Policies; Enrique de la Hoz, Miguel A. López-Carmona and Iván Marsá-Maestre -- Part VI Trust and Reputation -- 23 A Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Trust; Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugénio Oliveira -- 24 Qualitative Assessment Dynamics - QAD; Denis Trˇcek -- 25 Argumentation and Trust; Andrew Koster, Jordi Sabater-Mir and Marco Schorlemmer -- 26 Ontology, Semantics and Reputation; Andrew Koster and Jeff Z. Pan -- 27 Attacks and Vulnerabilities of Trust and Reputation Models; Jose M. Such -- 28 Reputation and Organisations; Olivier Boissier, Jomi Fred Hübner and Laurent Vercouter -- 29 Building Relationships with Trust; Carles Sierra and John Debenham -- Part VII Applications -- 30 Arguing to Support Customers: the Call Centre Study Case; Stella Heras, Jaume Jordán, Vicente Botti and Vicente Julián -- 31 Agreement Technologies for Supporting the Planning and Execution of Transports; Paul Davidsson, Marie Gustafsson Friberger, Johan Holmgren, Andreas Jacobsson and Jan A. Persson -- 32 ANTE: Agreement Negotiation in Normative and Trust-enabled Environments; Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, António J. M. Castro and Eugénio Oliveira -- 33 mWater, a Case Study for Modeling Virtual Markets; Antonio Garrido, Adriana Giret, Vicente Botti and Pablo Noriega -- 34 v-mWater: an e-Government Application for Water Rights Agreements; Pablo Almajano, Tomas Trescak, Marc Esteva, Inmaculada Rodríguez and Maite López-Sánchez -- 35 Coordinating Emergency Medical Assistance; Marin Lujak and Holger Billhardt -- 36 An environment to build and track agent-based business collaborations; Toni Penya-Alba, Boris Mikhaylov, Marc Pujol-González, Bruno Rosell, Jesús Cerquides, Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar, Marc Esteva, Àngela Fàbregues, Jordi Madrenas, Carles Sierra, Carlos Carrascosa, Vicente Julián, Mario Rodrigo and Matteo Vasirani -- 37 A Virtual Selling Agent which is Persuasive and Adaptive; Fabien Delecroix, Maxime Morge and Jean-Christophe Routier -- A Editors’ Short Bios. .
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781402066627
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (319 Seiten)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology 1
    Series Statement: The international library of ethics, law and technology
    RVK:
    Keywords: Computer science ; Information systems ; Computers Law and legislation ; Economics
    Abstract: Aims to warn policy-makers, industry, academia, civil society organisations, the media and the public about the threats and vulnerabilities facing our privacy, identity, trust, security and inclusion in the rapidly approaching world of ambient intelligence (AmI)
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introduction; The brave new world of ambient intelligence; Dark scenarios; Threats and vulnerabilities; Safeguards; Recommendations for stakeholders; Conclusions; Back Matter;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-286) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781402043901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Advances in Group Decision and Negotiation 2
    DDC: 303.69
    RVK:
    Keywords: Political Science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konfliktlösung ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Friedenssichernde Maßnahme
    Abstract: Sadly enough, war, conflicts and terrorism appear to stay with us in the 21st century. But what is our outlook on new methods for preventing and ending them? Present-day hard- and software enables the development of large crisis, conflict, and conflict management databases with many variables, sometimes with automated updates, statistical analyses of a high complexity, elaborate simulation models, and even interactive uses of these databases. In this book, these methods are presented, further developed, and applied in relation to the main issue: the resolution and prevention of intra- and international conflicts. Conflicts are a worldwide phenomenon. Therefore, internationally leading researchers from the USA, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland have contributed.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Conflict Resolution by Democracies and Dictatorships: Are Democracies Better in Resolving Conflicts?; Trade Liberalization and Political Instability in Developing Countries; Computer Assisted Early Warning - the FAST Example; Country Indicators for Foreign Policy Developing an Indicators-Based User Friendly Risk Assessment and Early Warning Capability; The Confman.2002 Data Set Developing Cases and Indices of Conflict Management to Predict Conflict Resolution; Events, Patterns, and Analysis Forecasting International Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
    Description / Table of Contents: Forecasting Conflict in the Balkans using Hidden Markov ModelsNeural Computation for International Conflict Management; Modeling International Negotiation Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches; Machine Learning Methods for Better Understanding, Resolving, and Preventing International Conflicts; Information, Power, and War; Modeling Effects of Emotion and Personality on Political Decision-Making; New Methods for Conflict Data; Peacemaker 2020 A System for Global Conflict Analysis and Resolution; A Work of Fiction and A Research Challenge
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781402026379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 25
    RVK:
    Keywords: Applied Linguistics ; Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Sprachverarbeitung ; Phonetik
    Abstract: Continued progress in Speech Technology in the face of ever-increasing demands on the performance levels of applications is a challenge to the whole speech and language science community. Robust recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech in varied environments, good comprehensibility and naturalness of expressive speech synthesis are goals that cannot be achieved without a change of paradigm. This book argues for interdisciplinary communication and cooperation in problem-solving in general, and discusses the interaction between speech and language engineering and phonetics in particular. With a number of reports on innovative speech technology research as well as more theoretical discussions, it addresses the practical, scientific and sometimes the philosophical problems that stand in the way of cross-disciplinary collaboration and illuminates some of the many possible ways forward. Audience: Researchers and professionals in speech technology and computational linguists.
    Description / Table of Contents: Phonetic Knowledge in Speech Technology; Can Phonetic Knowledge be Used to Improve the Performance of Speech Recognisers and Synthesisers?; Prosodic Models, Automatic Speech Understanding, and Speech Synthesis: Towards the Common Ground?; Phonetic Time Maps; Introducing Phonetically Motivated, Heterogeneous Information into Automatic Speech Recognition; Introducing Contextual Transcription Rules in Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition; From Here to Utility; Pronunciation Modeling; Phonetic Knowledge in Text-to-Speech Synthesis; Is Phonetic Knowledge of Any Use for Speech Technology?
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Applied Logic Series 33
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Roboter ; Programmierung ; Prädikatenlogik ; Stufe 1
    Abstract: "The book provides an in-depth and uniform treatment of a mathematical model for reasoning robotic agents. The book also contains an introduction to a programming method and system based on this model. The mathematical model, known as the ""Fluent Calculus'', describes how to use classical first-order logic to set up symbolic models of dynamic worlds and to represent knowledge of actions and their effects. Robotic agents use this knowledge and their reasoning facilities to make decisions when following high-level, long-term strategies. The book covers the issues of reasoning about sensor input, acting under incomplete knowledge and uncertainty, planning, intelligent troubleshooting, and many other topics. The mathematical model is supplemented by a programming method which allows readers to design their own reasoning robotic agents. The usage of this method, called ""FLUX'', is illustrated by many example programs. The book includes the details of an implementation of FLUX using the standard programming language PROLOG, which allows readers to re-implement or to modify and extend the generic system. The design of autonomous agents, including robots, is one of the most exciting and challenging goals of Artificial Intelligence. Reasoning robotic agents constitute a link between knowledge representation and reasoning on the one hand, and agent programming and robot control on the other. The book provides a uniform mathematical model for the problem-driven, top-down design of rational agents, which use reasoning for decision making, planning, and troubleshooting. The implementation of the mathematical model by a general PROLOG program allows readers to practice the design of reasoning robotic agents. Since all implementation details are given, the generic system can be easily modified and extended."
    Description / Table of Contents: Special Fluent Calculus; Special FLUX; General Fluent Calculus; General FLUX; Knowledge Programming; Planning; Nondeterminism; Imprecision*; Indirect Effects: Ramification Problem*; Troubleshooting: Qualification Problem; Robotics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [313]-323) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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