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  • 1985-1989  (102)
  • 1986  (102)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (102)
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0924-5499
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The GeoJournal library
    DDC: 550
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cham, Switzerland : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ. | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1985 -
    ISSN: 1572-4395
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law and philosophy library
    Former Title: L & PL
    Former Title: LAPS
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Associated volumes
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- 1. The Heraclitean-Eleatic Clash -- 2. Paradoxes of Being -- 3. Einstein and Epicurus -- 4. The Rationalism of the Renaissance -- 5. Descartes -- 6. Spinoza and Einstein -- 7. The Genesis of Classical Science and the Problem of Nonidentity -- 8. Dynamism and the Critique of Stationary Being -- II -- 9. Heterogeneous Being -- 10. Existence and Actuality -- 11. Understanding and Reason in Nineteenth- and Twentieth- Century Science -- 12. Nothing and the Vacuum -- Afterword -- Afterword -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boris Kuznetsov was a scientist among humanists, a philosopher among scientists, a historian for those who look to the future, an optimist in an age of sadness. He was steeped in classical European culture, from earliest times to the latest avant-garde, and he roamed through the ages, an inveterate time-traveller, chatting and arguing with Aristotle and Descartes, Heine and Dante, among many others. Kuznetsov was also, in his intelligent and thoughtful way, a Marxist scholar and a practical engineer, a patriotic Russian Jew of the first sixty years of the Soviet Union. Above all he meditated upon the revolutionary developments of the natural sciences, throughout history to be sure but particularly in his own time, the time of what he called 'non-classical science', and of his beloved and noblest hero, Albert Einstein. Kuznetsov was born in Dnepropetrovsk on October 5, 1903 (then Yekaterinoslav). By early years he had begun to teach, first in 1921 at an institute of mining engineering and then at other technological institutions. By 1933 he had received a scientific post within the Academy of Science of the U. S. S. R. , and then at the end of the Second World War he joined several colleagues at the new Institute of the History of Science and Technology. For more than 40 years he worked there until his death two years ago.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789400952034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (531p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume III -- III.1. Partial Logic -- III.2. Many-valued Logic -- III.3. Relevance Logic and Entailment -- III.4. Intuitionistic Logic -- III.5. Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuitionistic Logic -- III.6. Free Logics -- III.7. Quantum Logic -- III.8. Proof Theory and Meaning -- Name Index -- Table of Contents to Volumes I, II, and IV.
    Abstract: This volume presents a number of systems of logic which can be considered as alternatives to classical logic. The notion of what counts as an alternative is a somewhat problematic one. There are extreme views on the matter of what is the 'correct' logical system and whether one logical system (e. g. classical logic) can represent (or contain) all the others. The choice of the systems presented in this volume was guided by the following criteria for including a logic as an alternative: (i) the departure from classical logic in accepting or rejecting certain theorems of classical logic following intuitions arising from significant application areas and/or from human reasoning; (ii) the alternative logic is well-established and well-understood mathematically and is widely applied in other disciplines such as mathematics, physics, computer science, philosophy, psychology, or linguistics. A number of other alternatives had to be omitted for the present volume (e. g. recent attempts to formulate so-called 'non-monotonic' reason­ ing systems). Perhaps these can be included in future extensions of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Chapter 1 deals with partial logics, that is, systems where sentences do not always have to be either true or false, and where terms do not always have to denote. These systems are thus, in general, geared towards reasoning in partially specified models. Logics of this type have arisen mainly from philo­ sophical and linguistic considerations; various applications in theoretical computer science have also been envisaged.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401572590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Affective Characteristics: Their Conceptual Definitions -- 2 Constructing Affective Instruments -- 3 Scaling Affective Characteristics -- 4 The Validity of Affective Instruments -- 5 The Reliability of Affective Instruments -- 6 A Review of the Steps for Developing an Affective Instrument -- References -- Appendixes A. Semantic Differential: Me As a Counselor -- B. Occupational Values Inventory: Normative Form 191 Occupational Values Inventory: Ipsative Form -- Author Index.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401729666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401722131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 120 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: The algebra of matrices -- Two: Some applications of matrices -- Three: Systems of linear equations -- Four: Invertible matrices -- Five: Vector spaces -- Six: Linear mappings -- Seven: The matrix connection -- Eight: Determinants -- Nine: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
    Abstract: H, as it is often said, mathematics is the queen of science then algebra is surely the jewel in her crown. In the course of its vast development over the last half-century, algebra has emerged as the subject in which one can observe pure mathe­ matical reasoning at its best. Its elegance is matched only by the ever-increasing number of its applications to an extraordinarily wide range of topics in areas other than 'pure' mathematics. Here our objective is to present, in the form of a series of five concise volumes, the fundamentals of the subject. Broadly speaking, we have covered in all the now traditional syllabus that is found in first and second year university courses, as well as some third year material. Further study would be at the level of 'honours options'. The reasoning that lies behind this modular presentation is simple, namely to allow the student (be he a mathematician or not) to read the subject in a way that is more appropriate to the length, content, and extent, of the various courses he has to take. Although we have taken great pains to include a wide selec­ tion of illustrative examples, we have not included any exer­ cises. For a suitable companion collection of worked examples, we would refer the reader to our series Algebra through practice (Cambridge University Press), the first five books of which are appropriate to the material covered here.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 5
    Keywords: Humanities
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401178907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Actual Guides in Electronic Engineering 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Structure of the book -- Understanding fields -- 2 Electrical conduction and currents -- Current and charge -- Conduction equations -- Current as an example of flux -- Models of electrical conduction -- Resistive circuit components -- 3 Potential and the electric field -- Potential (voltage) in a circuit -- Electric field -- Conduction and charge mobility -- Potential and field in space -- Acceleration of charged particles in an electric field -- 4 Charge and electric flux -- Capacitance -- Electric flux and permittivity -- Calculations in electrostatics -- 5 Electric fields in materials -- Polarization and dielectrics -- Electrostatic force and energy -- Capacitor design -- Further applications -- 6 Magnetic flux and circuits -- Electromagnetic induction -- Magnetomotive force, flux and reluctance -- Magnetic circuits -- 7 Magnetic vectors -- Vector B and flux -- Directional rules and Lenz’ law -- Magnetic scalar potential and vector H -- Predicting magnetic fields -- 8 Inductance and magnetic materials -- Self and mutual inductance -- Air-cored inductors -- Calculations in magnetism -- Magnetization -- Electromagnetic machinery -- Some applications -- 9 Magnetic energy and force -- Magnetic energy -- Reluctance force -- Permanent magnets -- Force from the motor effect -- 10 Electromagnetism and charged particles -- The Lorentz force -- The Hall effect -- Applications of the Hall effect -- Electron streams -- Acceleration of electrons -- Deflection and focusing of electron streams -- Some applications of electron streams -- 11 The electromagnetic field -- The time needed to establish a current -- Electromagnetic waves -- Electromagnetism and relativity -- Final comments -- The fundamental rules of electromagnetism -- Appendix: A brief note on integration -- Answers to problems.
    Abstract: I have tried in this book to introduce the basic concepts of electromagnetic field theory at a level suitable for students entering degree or higher diploma courses in electronics or subjects allied to it. Examples and applications have been drawn from areas such as instrumentation rather than machinery, as this was felt to be more apt for the majority of such readers. Some students may have been following courses with a strong bias towards prac­ tical electronics and perhaps not advanced their understanding of the physics of electric and magnetic fields greatly since '0' level or its equivalent. The book there­ fore does not assume that 'A' level physics has been studied. Students of BTEC courses or 'A' level subjects such as technology might also find the material useful. At the other extreme, students who have achieved well on an 'A' level course will, it is hoped, find stimulating material in the applications discussed and in the marginal notes, which suggest further reading or comment on the deeper implica­ tions of the work.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Retrospect on the Verb ‘To Be’ and the Concept of Being -- Identity and Predication in Plato -- Aristotle and Existence -- The Varieties of Being in Aristotle -- The Chimera’s Diary -- Peter Abelard’s Investigations into the Meaning and Functions of the Speech Sign ‘Est’ -- The Logic of Being in Thomas Aquinas -- Being qua Being in Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus -- On Descartes’s Argument for Dualism and the Distinction Between Different Kinds of Beings -- Kant on Existence, Predication, and the Ontological Argument -- On Frege’s Concept of Being -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The last twenty years have seen remarkable developments in our understanding of how the ancient Greek thinkers handled the general concept of being and its several varieties. The most general examination of the meaning of the Greek verb 'esti'/'einai'/'on' both in common usage and in the philosophical literature has been presented by Charles H. Kahn, most extensively in his 1973 book The Verb 'Be' in Ancient Greek. These discussions are summarized in Kahn's contribution to this volume. By and large, they show that conceptual schemes by means of which philosophers have recently approached Greek thought have not been very well suited to the way the concept of being was actually used by the ancients. For one thing, being in the sense of existence played a very small role in Greek thinking according to Kahn. Even more importantly, Kahn has argued that Frege and Russell's thesis that verbs for being, such as 'esti', are multiply ambiguous is ill suited for the purpose of appreciating the actual conceptual assumptions of the Greek thinkers. Frege and Russell claimed that a verb like 'is' or'esti' is ambiguous between the 'is' of identity, the 'is' of existence, the copulative 'is', and the generic 'is' (the 'is' of class-inclusion). At least a couple of generations of scholars have relied on this thesis and fre­ quently criticized sundry ancients for confusing these different senses of 'esti' with each other.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789400944862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 114
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 114
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, medieval ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: I. Philosophical Issues in Maimonides -- The Philosophical Purport of Maimonides’ Halachic Works and the Purport of The Guide of the Perplexed -- Rationality and Revelation in Maimonides’ Thought -- Maimonides’ True Belief Concerning God -- Remarks on Maimonides’ Epistemology -- Aristotle on Eternity: Does Maimonides Have a Reply? -- The Creation of the World and Maimonides’ Interpretation of Gen i-v -- Sitre ‘Arayot in Maimonides’ Thought -- The Idea of a Hoq in Maimonides’ Explanation of the Law -- Ethics and Meta-Ethics, Aesthetics and Meta-Aesthetics in Maimonides -- II. The Greco-Arabic Philosophical Context -- Islamic and Greek Influences on Maimonides’ Philosophy -- Maimonides on Causality -- Songe et prophétie chez Maïmonide et dans la tradition philosophique qui l’inspira -- Prophecy in al-Farabi and Maimonides -- Aspects of Ibn Bajja’s Theory of Apprehension -- Maimonides and Averroes on the First Mover -- III. Maimonides’ Ideas: Attitudes and Interpretations -- Maimonides and Latin Scholasticism -- Are the Founders of Religions Impostors? -- Leo Strauss et Maïmonide -- God’s Transcendence and its Schematization.
    Abstract: In the year 1985, presumed to mark the 850th anniversary of Maimonides' birth, the Sixth Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter was dedicated to Maim­ onides as philosopher. We did not enter into the other aspects of his work, rabbinical, legal, medical, etc., except in so far as the relation between his philosophy and his work in halakha (Jewish law) is itself a philosophical question. That no one is quite certain about Maimonides' date of birth is symbolic of the state of his philosophy as well. Maimonides' thought poses various enigmas, lends itself to contradictory interpretations and gives rise today, as it did in the Middle Ages, to sustained controversies. Some of the contribu­ tions to the present volume deal with these and cognate topics. Others deal with certain aspects of the philosophical tradition in which Maimonides was rooted, with some traits peculiar to the Islamic society in the midst of which he lived, and with his influence on Christian scholasticism. Maimonides' thought had many facets, and for this and other reasons the question as to his place and stature in the history of philosophy admits of no simple answer. In this volume an attempt has been made to draw atten­ tion to some of these complexities.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Finance ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Finance, Public. ; Public health. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I / Medical Economics and Ethics: Some Theoretical Considerations -- Economics and the Allocation of Resources to Improve Health -- Economic Cost and Moral Value -- II / Costs and Benefits in Medicine: Some Philosophical Views -- Computing the Quality of Life -- CBA, Utilitarianism, and Reliance Upon Intuitions -- Prior Consent and Valuing Life -- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Monetary Value, and Medical Decision -- III / Economics and Ethics in Health Policy -- Intervention Against Genetic Disease: Economic and Ethical Considerations -- Ethical Reflections in Genetic Screening: A Reply to Swint and Kaback -- Rationing Medical Care: Processes for Defining Adequacy -- Comments on “Rationing Medical Care: Processes for Defining Adequacy” -- Rationing and Publicity -- Comments on “Rationing and Publicity” -- IV / Controlling Costs/Maximizing Profit: The Role of Providers -- Physicians and Cost Control -- Shifting Priorities and Values: A Challenge to the Hospital’s Mission -- Shifting the Priorities and Values: A Commentary on Hiller and Gorsky -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Medicine, morals and money have, for centuries, lived in uneasy cohabitation. Dwelling in the social institution of care of the sick, each needs the other, yet each is embarrassed to admit the other's presence. Morality, in particular, suffers embarrassment, for it is often required to explain how money and medicine are not inimical. Throughout the history of Western medicine, morality's explanations have been con­ sistently ambiguous. Pla.o held that the physician must cultivate the art of getting paid as well as the art of healing, for even if the goal of medicine is healing and not making money, the self-interest of the craftsman is satisfied thereby [4]. Centuries later, a medieval medical moralist, Henri de Mandeville, said: "The chief object of the patient ... is to get cured ... the object of the surgeon, on the other hand, is to obtain his money ... ([5], p. 16). This incompatibility, while general, is not universal. Throughout history, medical practitioners have resolved the problem - either in conscience or to their satisfaction. Some physicians have been so reluctant to make a profit from the ills of those whom they treated that they preferred to live in poverty. Samuel Johnson described his friend, Dr. Robert Levet, a Practiser of Physic: No summons mock'd by chill delay, No petty gain disdain'd by pride; The modest wants of ev'ry day The toil of ev'ry day supplied [3].
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 546 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Pollution Monitoring Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Water and Man -- 1.1 Historical Setting -- 1.2 Management of the Water Cycle -- 2 Freshwater Ecosystems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classification of Organisms -- 2.3 Food Chains and Trophic Pyramids -- 2.4 Distribution of Species -- 2.5 Ecological Balance -- 2.6 Community Structure -- 2.7 Still and Flowing Waters -- 2.8 Biological Productivity -- 3 Biological Indicators -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Selection of Indicators -- 3.3 Individuals and Populations as Indicators -- 3.4 Community Structure as an Indicator -- 3.5 Functional Changes in Communities -- 3.6 Bioaccumulative Indicators -- 4 Environmental Stress -- 4.1 Natural environmental stresses -- 4.2 Imposed Environmental Stresses -- 4.3 Environmental Manipulation -- 4.4 Combined Stresses -- 5 Effects of Physical Disturbances -- 5.1 Effects of Suspended Solids -- 5.2 Effects of the Addition of Heat -- 5.3 Effects of Changes in pH -- 6 The Effects of Organic Enrichment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General Effects of Organic Discharges -- 6.3 Physical and Chemical Changes -- 6.4 Biological Changes -- 6.5 Field Studies of Organic Pollution -- 7 Effects of Toxic Materials -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Physiological Responses to Poisons -- 7.3 Terminology and Criteria -- 7.4 Factors Which Affect Toxicity -- 7.5 Predicting the Toxicity of Combinations of Poisons -- 7.6 Inorganic Poisons -- 7.7 Organic Poisons -- 7.8 Heavy Metals -- 7.9 Pesticides -- 7.10 Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- 8 Laboratory Evaluation of Pollutants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental and Laboratory Investigations -- 9 Field Assessments of Environmental Quality -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sampling Methods -- 9.3 Sampling Strategies and Programmes -- 9.4 Biotic Indices and Data Analysis -- 10 Biological Surveillance in Environmental Management -- 10.1 Aquatic Resource Management -- 10.2 Basin Management Concepts -- 10.3 Application and Implementation of Uniform Standards -- 10.4 Environmental Impact Statements and Conservation -- 10.5 Future Developments -- Appendices -- 1 Trent Biotic Index -- 2 Chandler Biotic Score -- 3 Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) — Score -- ReferenceS.
    Abstract: The preface of a book often provides a convenient place in which the author can tender his apologies for any inadequacies and affords him the facility to excuse himself by reminding the reader that his art is long but life, or at least the portion of it in which he has the opportunity for writing books, is short. I, too, am deeply conscious that I have undertaken a task which I could not hope to complete to my own satisfaction but I offer, in self­ defence, the observation that, inadequate though it is, there is no other book extant, so far as I am aware, which provides the information contained herein within the covers of a single volume. Often during the last decade, in discharging my responsibilities for the environmental aspects of the water authority's operations and works, I should have been deeply grateful to have had access to a compendium such as this. The lack of a convenient source of data made me aware of the need which I have attempted to fill and in doing so I have drawn on my experiences of the kinds of problem which are presented to biologists in the water industry. The maxim 'half a loaf is better than none' seems particularly apt in this context.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of the Greater Philadelphia Philosophy Consortium 1
    Series Statement: Greater Philadelphia Philosophy Consortium 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Why Studies of Human Capacities Modeled on Ideal Natural Science Can Never Achieve Their Goal -- Narrative versus Analysis in History -- Heidegger’s Philosophy of Science: The Two Essences of Science -- II -- The Intelligibility of Action -- How to Interpret Actions -- Mind as a Social Formation -- III -- Intentionality and Rationality -- The Rationality of Science -- Philosophy, Swarthmore CollegeHeuristics for Scientific and Literary Creativity: The Role of Models, Analogies, and Metaphors -- IV -- Art and Its Mythologies: A Relativist View -- On Relativity, Relativism, and Social Theory -- Rationality and Realism -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The Greater Philadelphia Philosophy Consortium was launched in the early eighties. It began during a particularly lean period in the American economy. But its success is linked as much to the need to be in touch with the rapidly changing currents of the philosophical climate as with the need to insure an adequately stocked professional community in the Philadelphia area faced, perhaps permanently, with the threat of increasing attrition. The member schools of the Consortium now include Bryn Mawr College, the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, and Villanova University, that is, the schools of the area that offer advanced degrees in philosophy. The philosophy faculties of these schools form the core of the Consortium, which offers graduate students the instructional and library facilities of each member school. The Consortium is also supported by the associated faculties of other regional schools that do not offer advanced degrees - notably, those at Drexel University, Haverford College, La Salle University, and Swarthmore College - both philosophers and members of other departments as well as interested and professionally qualified persons from the entire region. The affiliated and core professionals now number several hundreds, and the Consortium's various ventures have been received most enthusiastically by the academic community. At this moment, the Consortium is planning its fifth year of what it calls the Conferences on the Philosophy of the Human Studies.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Background and the central problem -- 1. Human knowledge and the knowable world -- 2. Freedom: The chief condition of morality -- 3. Types of moral theories -- 4. Ends and principles: Inconsistencies? -- II: Ends and the good will -- 1. Conditioned goods and the unconditioned good -- 2. Prima facie goods and the absolute good -- 3. The uniqueness of a good will -- 4. The irrelvance of ends -- 5. A note on respect for the moral law -- III: Maxims -- 1. Three kinds of maxims: Incentival, actional, and dispositional -- 2. Alternative accounts of Kantian Maxims -- 3. Preliminary elucidation of actional maxims -- 4. What maxims (and the adoption of maxims) are not -- 5. On formulating maxims -- IV: Universality and the categorical imperative -- 1. The general nature of imperatives -- 2. The principle of universality of nature -- 3. Suicide and lying promises -- 4. Neglect of talents and refusal to help others -- V: Ends and moral obligation -- 1. The problem of objecitve ends -- 2. Man as the objective end-in-itself -- 3. The alleged inconsistency -- 4. End which are duties -- 5. The highest good -- VI: The principle of humanity -- 1. Initial remarks -- 2. Treatment of others as means -- 3. Humanity in others as a positive end in itself: The duty of love for others -- 4. Respect for humanity in one’s own person: Duties to oneself -- VII: Autonomy of the Will -- 1. The principle of autonomy of the will as a moral criterion -- 2. Autonomy and the possibility of morals -- 3. The kingdom of ends -- 4. Responsibility for wrong acts and accountability for moral evil -- VIII: Duties, rights, and ends in the political order -- 1. The alleged right to revolt -- 2. Kant’s paradoxical stand on revolution -- 3. The alleged right to lie from benevolence -- 4. The end of nature in human history -- IX: Happiness and law-morality -- 1. Morality and happiness -- 2. Law-morality and atheism -- 3. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) stands among the greatest thinkers of the Western world. There is hardly an area of thought, at least of philosophical thought, to which he did not make significant and lasting contributions. Particularly noteworthy are his writings on the foundations and limits of human knowledge, the bidimensional nature of perceptual or "natural" objects (including human beings), the basic principles and ends of morality, the character of a just society and of a world at peace, the movement and direction of human history, the nature of beauty, the end or purpose of all creation, the proper education of young people, the true conception of religion, and on and on. Though Kant was a life-long resident of Konigsberg, Prussia - child, student, tutor, and then professor of philosophy (and other subjects) - his thought ranged over nearly all the world and even beyond. Reports reveal that he (a bachelor) was an amiable man, highly respected by his students and colleagues, and even loved by his several close friends. He was apparently a man of integrity, both in his personal relations and in his pursuit of knowledge and truth. Despite his somewhat pessimistic attitude toward the moral progress of mankind - judging from past history and contemporary events - he never wavered from a deep-seated faith in the goodness of the human heart, in man's "splendid disposition toward the good.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789400947900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 36
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Statistics ; Econometrics ; Mathematics. ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: Approximation of Linear Systems -- Some Reflections on the Modelling of Time Series -- Model Selection and Forecasting: A Semi-Automatic Approach -- Smoothness in Regression: Asymptotic Considerations -- A Fast Graphical Goodness of Fit Test for Time Series Models -- Outliers in Time Series -- Predicting Demands in a Multi-Item Environment -- On the Efficiency of a Strongly Consistent Estimator in ARMA Models -- Recent Results for Time Series in M Dimensions -- Time Series Valued Experimental Designs: One-Way Analysis of Variance with Autocorrelated Errors -- Monthly versus Annual Revisions of Concurrent Seasonally Adjusted Series -- A Walsh-Fourier Approach to the Analysis of Binary Time Series -- Excitation of Geophysical Systems with Fractal Flicker Noise -- On Some ECF Procedures for Testing Independence -- Are Economic Variables Really Integrated of Order One? -- Fractional Matrix Calculus and the Distribution of Multivariate Tests -- On Robustness of Tests of Linear Restrictions in Regression Models with Elliptical Error Distributions -- Nonparametric Inference In Econometrics: New Applications -- Confidence Intervals for Ridge Regression Parameters -- Asymptotic Properties of Single Equation Errors in Variables Estimators in Rational Expectations Models -- Linear Wald Methods for Inference on Covariances and Weak Exogeneity Tests in Structural Equations -- The Finite Sample Moments of OLS in Dynamic Models When Disturbances are Small -- The Approximate Moments of the 3SLS Reduced Form Estimator and a MELO Combination of OLS-3SLS for Prediction -- Bootstrapping and Forecast Uncertainty: A Monte Carlo Analysis -- Use of the Mean Squared Errors of Forecasts in Testing for Structural Shift: A Comparison with the Chow Test for an Undersized Case.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789400946262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 48
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I. Basic Characteristics of Socialist Economic Organizations -- 1 Organizational and Economic Principles of Socialist Public Production Management -- 2 Management of the National Economy: Organizational Structure -- II. Organizational System: Principles and Methods of Design -- 3 The Management Staff and Rationalization of an Enterprise -- 4 Design of Management Organizational Structure: Processes and Techniques -- III. The Development of Management Organization Structure -- 5 The Management Organization Structure of a Large-Scale Industrial Complex: the KAMAZ Case -- 6 Matrix Organization for Technological Innovation Management: the Case of UralElectroTyazhMash (UETM) -- 7 The Management System of the Goal-Oriented Environmental Protection Program in the Latvian SSR -- References.
    Abstract: This book is the result of extensive studies by the authors in the fields of research in. and analysis and design of. the system of management of production organizations under a socialist econ­ omy. The management of the national economy in the USSR is developed on a planned basis. This work is part of the general state-sponsored strategy of economic development which is dis­ cussed and laid down by the Congresses of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) and is then translated into concrete decisions of the government and other bodies of economic and regional management. The general policies on management improvement are closely scrutinized by these bodies. the leaders of the Party and the State. and the Soviet press. In the recent years this work has acquired special importance. The party and economic management of all levels. scientists. and experts are faced with the task of introducing. in a short period of time. radical changes in the plan­ ning and operating. creating thereby a holistic management sys­ tem based on scientific recommendations and effective practical experience.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789400947948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 38
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Statistics ; Epidemiology ; Probabilities. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: Regression Methods and the Exploration of Large Medical Data Bases -- Recursive Partition: A Versatile Method for Exploratory Data Analysis in Biostatistics -- Statistical Ramifications of Linear Analogue Scales in Assessing the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients -- Tests for Trend in Binomial Proportions with Historical Controls: A Proposed Two-Stage Procedure -- Point Estimation of the Odds Ratio in Sparse 2 × 2 Contingency Tables -- Development of Formulas for the Bias and Mean Square Error of the Logit Estimator -- Estimation of a Common Odds Ratio -- The Effect of Clustering on the Analysis of Sets of 2 × 2 Contingency Tables -- Goodness-of-Fit Issues in Toxicological Experiments Involving Litters of Varying Size -- Derivation of Large Sample Efficiency of Multinomial Logistic Regression Compared to Multiple Group Discriminant Analysis -- Estimation Under the Correlated Logistic Model -- Inferences about Interclass and Intraclass Correlations from Familial Data -- Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Quantal Response Bioassay -- Estimation Methods for Symmetric Parabolic Bioassays -- Some Chance Mechanisms Generating the Generalized Poisson Probability Models -- Uses, Limitations, and Requirements of Multivariate Analyses for Intercropping Experiments.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments ofStatistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes inthe use ofthis system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401096249
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees 113
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Notes -- Historical Background -- University and Fraternity (Burschenschaft) -- Hegel’s position and reaction -- Hegel’s targets -- Notes -- Schematic Rendition of the Preface -- Notes -- Commentary on the Preface -- Paragraph 1–2 (p. III–IV) -- Paragraph 3 (p. IV–V) -- Paragraph 4 (p. VI–VII) -- Paragraph 5 (p. VII) -- Paragraph 6 (p. VII–VIII) -- Paragraph 7 (p. VIII–X) -- Paragraph 8 (p. X–XIII) -- Paragraph 9 (p. XIII–XIV) -- Paragraph 10 (p. XIV–XVI) -- Paragraph 11 (p. XVI–XVIII) -- Paragraph 12 (p. XVIII–XIX) -- Paragraph 13 (p. XIX–XXI) -- Paragraph 14 (p. XXI) -- Paragraph 15 (p. XXI–XXII) -- Paragraph 16 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 17 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 18 (p. XXII–XXIII) -- Paragraph 19 (p. XXIII–XXIV) -- Paragraph 20 (p. XXIV) -- Notes.
    Abstract: There is a didactical as well as a philosophical importance to providing a commentary on the Preface to Hegel's handbook on the philosophy of right. Considering the fact that the text brings us the thought of a great and difficult philosopher in a non-rigorous, "exoteric" way, it is well suited to the task of introducing students to the world of think­ ing. It is, however, too difficult to do this without being supplemented by some explanation. Analysis and hints for further study are necessi­ tated here by both the interweaving of political and philosophical viewpoints and the philosophical presuppositions with which this Preface is full. The philosophical importance of a commentary on Hegel's text can be found partially in the incessant quotation of the Preface in the literature on Hegel's philosophy to justify very different and contra­ dictory interpretations. As long as the specialists do not agree about the meaning of the Preface to the Philosophy of Right, anyone trying to explain it cannot avoid the task of making his or her own contribu­ tion to the philosophical debate concerning the nature and content of Hegel's work.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789400947887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 35
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Statistics ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Probability and the Future of Statistics -- A Neyman-Pearson-Wald View of Fiducial Probability -- Statistical Principles and Tangent Models -- Data Based Choice of an Ancillary Statistic -- Bernoulli Pairs with Invariant Reversals: An Example of Partial Likelihood -- A Decision-Likelihood Solution to the Problem of Comparing Two Simple Hypotheses -- Statistical Inference for the Overlap Hypothesis -- Bayesian Method of Detecting Change Point in Regression and Growth Curve Models -- How Much Improvement Can a Shrinkage Estimator Give? -- On Shrinkage and Preliminary Test M-Estimation in a Parallelism Problem -- An Algorithm for Concave Regression -- On the Prediction of the Difference Between Responses from Two Linear Models -- On Ultrastructural Relationships Models -- Testing for the Nullity of the Multiple Correlation Coefficient with Incomplete Multivariate Data -- Missing Value Problems in Multiple Linear Regression with Two Independent Variables -- A Bound for the Tail Area of the t Distribution for Samples from a Symmetrically Truncated Normal Population -- Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Stochastically Ordered Multinomial Populations with Fixed and Random Zeros -- On the Definition of Asymptotic Expectation -- Robust Techniques for Quantifying Categorical Data -- The Basic Bayesian Blunder -- Dynamic Coherence -- Sketch of the Theory of Nomic Probability -- Entropy and Uncertainty.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400940857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 441 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Analysis of membrane protein composition by gel electrophoresis -- 2 Analysis of membrane protein composition by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis -- 3 Solubilization and purification of membrane proteins -- 4 Reconstitution of membrane proteins into vesicular membranes -- 5 Functional reconstitution of membrane proteins in planar lipid bilayer membranes -- 6 Topography of membrane proteins — determination of regions exposed to the aqueous phase -- 7 Topology of membrane proteins — determination of regions exposed to the lipid bilayer -- 8 Immunochemical analysis of membrane proteins -- 9 Sequence analysis of membrane proteins -- 10 Freeze-fracture and freeze-etch electron microscopy of membrane proteins -- 11 Three-dimensional structure of membrane proteins -- 12 Lateral motion of membrane proteins -- 13 Rotational diffusion of membrane proteins.
    Abstract: A preface should justify the existence of the book it precedes and this is invariably done in scientific texts by reference to the explosive growth of the field since the last such volume appeared. In molecular biology, most fields can be justifiably described as growing explosively, as should be the case for a young and vigorous science, but the study of membrane proteins stands out as one which has taken giant strides in the last few years. Ignorance of the structure and function of membrane proteins at the molecular level was certainly not due to lack of interest but rather was a result of lack of appropriate techniques. It has above all been the development of new experimental methods which has wrenched membrane biochemistry out of what Anthony Martonosi fetchingly called its 'romantic phase' (Le. lots of ideas and few facts), into an era when the determination of membrane protein structure and mechanism is a reasonable goal. Membrane proteins are generally classified as peripheral or integral. Peripheral proteins are relatively easily dissociated from membranes by mild treatments whence their study is essentially no different to that of soluble proteins. This book therefore concentrates on integral proteins which are strongly bound to the membrane by hydrophobic interactions with lipids. A crucial step in their study is of necessity the d~velopment of methods of solubilization and purification under non-denaturing conditions.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees 106
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 106
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: 1. The Philosophic Background to Hume’s Dialogues -- Hume’s Views on Reasoning -- Scepticism -- Natural Beliefs -- 2. Introduction and Part I of Hume’s Dialogues -- I: Preliminary Discussion: Can There Be a Natural Theology? -- 3. Hume’s Dialogues: Part II -- The Argument from Design is Presented -- The Two Versions of the Argument from Design -- Philo’s Initial Criticisms of the Argument from Design -- 4. Hume’s Dialogues: Part III -- Cleanthes’ Illustrative Analogies -- The Articulate Voice Illustration -- The Living Vegetable Library Illustration -- 5. Hume’s Dialogues: Part IV -- The First ‘Inconvenience’ of Anthropomorphism -- 6. Hume’s Dialogues: Part V -- More ‘Inconveniences’ of Cleanthes’ Anthropomorphism -- 7. Hume’s Dialogues: Parts VI–VIII -- Competing Cosmogonies -- 8. Hume’s Dialogues: Part XII -- Mitigated Scepticism and Natural Theology -- The General Thesis Restated -- Philo’s Mitigated Scepticism -- Correcting the ‘Undistinguished’ Pyrrhonian Doubts through ‘Common Sense’ -- Correcting the ‘Undistinguished’ Pyrrhonian Doubts through ‘Reflection’.
    Abstract: In the pages that follow, an attempt is made to examine those sections of the Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion which deal with the Argument from Design - the argument which purports to prove that certain observed similarities between the design of the world and machines of human contrivance countenance reasoning by analogy to the conclusion that the cause of the design of the world resembles human intelligence. The sections which deal with the Argument from Design, and with which I am therefore concerned, are Parts I through VIII and Part XII. I argue that a clue to Hume's discussion of the Argument from Design is to be found in Section XII of the first Enquiry, in which Hume presents his most thorough analysis of philosophic dogmatism and scepticism. The Dialogues, as will be shown, follows precisely Hume's recommendations in this Section for bringing the dogmatist to the position which Hume himself endorses - 'mitigated scepticism. ' It is, then, the position of the mitigated sceptic which is elaborated in Part XII of the Dialogues. The belief in an intelligent designer of the world is shown to be akin to certain other beliefs discussed by Hume - causality, physical objects, a continuing self - which are usually referred to in the literature as 'natural beliefs. ' The mitigated sceptic's defense of the unknowability of the divine nature is seen to be in accordance with Hume's view that whatever is believed naturally cannot be known or understood.
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Indians—Languages.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1. Choctaw verb agreement -- 2. Other problems in Choctaw -- 3. Results of the study -- 2: Two Classes of Intransitive Predicates -- 1. Properties of Choctaw subjects -- 2. The two classes of intransitives and the Unaccusative Hypothesis -- 3. Final 1hood of unaccusative subjects -- 4. The role of the Unaccusative Hypothesis -- 5. Summary -- 3: Dative Beneficiaries and Dative Possessors -- 1. Dative beneficiaries -- 2. Dative possessors -- 3. Summary -- 4: The Double Accusative Construction -- 1. The structure of the subject -- 2. The Antipassive structure -- 3. The configuration of the initial 2 -- 4. Possessor Ascension and the Antipassive structure -- 5. Conclusions -- 5: Dative Subjects -- 1. Characterization of the dative subject -- 2. Characterizing the object -- 3. The failure of an alternative analysis -- 4. Conclusion -- 6: Dative Direct Objects -- 1. The dative direct object -- 2. Accusative subject/dative direct object clauses -- 3. Inversion and 2–3 Retreat -- 4. Demotions in Universal Grammar -- 7: A Proposal for Verb Agreement -- 1. An account of Choctaw verb agreement -- 2. Disjunctive application of agreement rules -- 3. Summary -- Appendix: Switch-reference and disjunctive rule application -- 8: The Interaction of Agreement and Case -- 1. Transparency of agreement and case -- 2. Agreement as a lexical property -- 3. A proposal for agreement and case -- 4. Conclusion -- References.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Content -- I. Aporetic Character of the Aesthetic Experience -- One: The Idea of Aesthetic Experience -- Two: A Critique of Aesthetics -- Three: The Actualities of Non-Aesthetic Experience -- Four: Can We Speak of ‘Aesthetic Experience’? -- II. Having an Aesthetic Experience -- Five: Experiencing Aesthetically, Aesthetic Experience, and Experience in Aesthetics -- Six: The Deweyan View of Experience -- Seven: Experience and Theory in Aesthetics -- Eight: The Aesthetic Experience: An Exploration -- III. Nature of the Aesthetic Experience -- Nine: What Makes an Experience Aesthetic? -- Ten: Controversy About Aesthetic Attitude: Does Aesthetic Attitude Condition Aesthetic Experience? -- Eleven: Mode of Existence of Aesthetic Qualities.
    Abstract: The majority of aestheticians have focused their attention during the past three decades on the identity, or essential nature, of art: can 'art' be defined? What makes an object a work of art? Under what conditions can we characterize in a classificatory sense an object as an art work? The debate, and at times controversy, over these questions proved to be constructive, intellectually stimulating, and in many cases suggestive of new ideas. I hope this debate continues in its momentum and creative outcome. The time is, however, ripe to direct our attention to another important, yet neglected, concept - viz. , 'aesthetic experience' - which occupies a prominent place in the philosohpy of art. We do not only create art; we also enjoy, i. e. , experience, and evaluate it. How can we theorize about the nature of art in general and the art work in particular, and about what makes an object a good work of art, if we do not experience it? For example, how can we identify an object as an art work and distinguish it from other types of objects unless we first perceive it, that is in a critical, educated manner? Again, how can we judge a work as good, elegant, melodramatic, or beautiful unless we first perceive it and recognize its artistic aspect? It seems to me that experiencing art works is a necessary condition for any reasonable theory on the nature of art and artistic criticism.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401170154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical / Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Diodes and Power Transistors -- 3. Thyristors -- 4. Important Circuit and Component Concepts -- 5. Transistor Switching Regulators -- 6. Transistor Inverters -- 7. Phase — Controlled Rectifiers and Line — Commutated Inverters -- 8. Cycloconverters -- 9. AC Phase Control -- 10. Thyristor Choppers -- 11. Self — Commutated Thyristor Inverters -- Appendix I — Semiconductor Parameters -- Appendix II — D62T Transistor -- Appendix III — Application Data — Power Switching Transistor D60T -- Appendix IV — GE C434/C435 SCR.
    Abstract: Semiconductors have been used widely in signal-level or "brain" applications. Since their invention in 1948, transistors have revolutionized the electronics industry in computers, information processing, and communications. Now, however, semiconductors are being used more and more where consid­ erable "brawn" is required. Devices such as high-power bipolar junction tran­ sistors and power field-effect transistors, as well as SCRs, TRlACs, GTOs, and other semiconductor switching devices that use a p-n-p-n regenerative effect to achieve bistable action, are expanding the power-handling horizons of semicon­ ductors and finding increasing application in a wide range of products including regulated power supplies, lamp dimmers, motor drives, pulse modulators, and heat controls. HVDC and electric-vehicle propulsion are two additional areas of application which may have a very significant long range impact on the tech­ nology. The impact of solid-state devices capable of handling appreciable power levels has yet to be fully realized. Since it first became available in late 1957, the SCR or silicon-controlled rec­ tifier (also called the reverse blocking triode thyristor) has become the most popular member of the thyristor family. At present, SCRs are available from a large number of manufacturers in this country and abroad. SCR ratings range from less than one ampere to over three thousand amperes with voltage ratings in excess of three thousand volts.
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 273 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One Metaphysics: Comparison with Leibniz and Locke -- The Phenomenalisms of Leibniz and Berkeley -- Something-I-Know-Not-What: Berkeley on Locke on Substance -- Two Thought And Reference: I. Abstract Ideas -- Berkeley’s Anti-Abstractionism -- Berkeley’s Objection to Abstract Ideas and Unconceived Objects -- Three Thought And Reference: II. Imagination and Archetypes -- Berkeley’s Imagination -- Berkeley on “Archetype” -- Four Epistemology: God and Matter -- Divine Ideas and Berkeley’s Proofs of God’s Existence -- Berkeley’s Divine Language Argument -- Berkeley and Epistemology -- Five Perception: Visuals and Immediate Perception -- On the Status of Visuals in Berkeley’s New Theory of Vision -- Berkeley and Immediate Perception -- Six Historical Scholarship: Interpretation and Reception -- A New Approach to Berkeley’s Philosophical Notebooks -- On the Early Reception of Berkeley in Germany -- Index of Personal Names.
    Abstract: A tercentenary conference of March, 1985, drew to Newport, Rhode Island, nearly all the most distinguished Berkeley scholars now active. The conference was organized by the International Berkeley Society, with the support of several institutions and many people (whose help is acknowl­ edged below). This volume represents a selection of the lead papers deliv­ ered at that conference, most now revised. The Cartesian marriage of Mind and Body has proved an uneasy union. Each side has claimed supremacy and usurped the rights of the other. In anglophone philosophy Body has lately had it all pretty much its own way, most dramatically in the Disappearance Theory of Mind, whose varieties vary in appeal and sophistication, but uniformly shock sensibili­ ties. Only recently has Mind reasserted itself, yet the voices of support are already a swelling chorus. "Welcome," Berkeley would respond, since " ... all the choir of heaven and furniture of the earth ... have not a subsis­ tence without a mind ... " (Principles, sect. 6). In fairness, Berkeley does playa Disappearance trick of his own - with Matter now into the hat. But his act is far subtler than any brute denial of the obvious, and seeks rather to explain than bluntly to reject. Perhaps we are today better prepared to appreciate his insights.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400946743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 183
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Introduction: Chaim Perelman’s Address at the Ohio State University -- I: Argument -- The Changing Strategies of Argumentation from Ancient to Modern Times -- Implications of Perelman’s Theory of Argumentation for Theory of Persuasion -- Arguing: The Art of Being Human -- An Axiological Analysis of Chaim Perelman’s Theory of Practical Reasoning -- Judging the Quality of Audiences and Narrative Rationality -- Mecum meditari: Demolishing Doubt, Building a Prayer -- Problematology and Rhetoric -- II: Justice -- Justice and Justification in the New Rhetoric -- The Rational and the Reasonable: Dialectic or Parallel Systems? -- Pragmatic Justification and Perelman’s Philosophical Rhetoric -- The Evolution of Judicial Justification: Perelman’s Concept of the Rational and the Reasonable -- Perelman and the Philosophy of Law -- III: Social Application -- Reason and Rhetorical Practice: The Inventional Agenda of Chaim Perelman -- The Universal Audience Revisited -- The Contemporary Emergence of the Jurisprudential Model: Perelman in the Information Age -- Perelman on Justice and Political Institutions -- Social Ontology and Responsive Law -- The Teflon President: The Relevance of Chaim Perelman’s Formulations for the Study of Political Communication -- The Concrete-Universal: A Social Science Foundation for the New Rhetoric -- About the Contributors -- About the Editors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This anthology of original essays has been nearly .two and one-half years in the making, and reflects the generous effort of many persons. To begin with, we thank the contributors to the volume, who not only cooperated with regards to their own works, but who also provided valuable advice concerning the over-all volume. One of the contributors was outstanding in his assistance and warrants special mention: we thank Professor Michel Meyer, for his encouragement, counsel, and dedication to see this project to comple­ tion. We would also like to thank Professor Jaakko Hintikka for his encouragement and Mrs. Kuipers of Reidel for her patience and under­ standing along the way. A project such as this could never have been completed without the unique assistance of members of the Department of Communication, Ohio State University: Ms. Kimberly Pasi and Mr. Charles Mawhirtcr. Also, special thanks are due to our graduate research assistant Ms. Susan Jasko, for her proofreading and bibliographic work. The pressures of developing a Festschrift are considerable and could not have been met without the cooperation and enthusiasm of Mrs. Perelman, especially in allowing us to publish Professor Perelman's address to Ohio State University as our introduction.
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  • 46
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945708
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 35
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: One/Absolute Moral Obligation -- 1. Utilitarian Foundations -- 2. A Theory of Moral Obligation -- 3. Moral Objections to MO -- Two/Iffy Oughts -- 4. Basic Iffy Oughts -- 5 Hypothetical Imperatives -- 6. Defeasible Commitment and Prima Facie Obligation -- Three/Extensions -- 7. Individual Obligation and Group Welfare -- 8. What Ought to be -- 9. Conflicts of Obligation -- 10. Conclusions -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Several years ago I came across a marvelous little paper in which Hector-Neri Castaneda shows that standard versions of act utilitarian­ l ism are formally incoherent. I was intrigued by his argument. It had long seemed to me that I had a firm grasp on act utilitarianism. Indeed, it had often seemed to me that it was the clearest and most attractive of normative theories. Yet here was a simple and relatively uncontrover­ sial argument that showed, with only some trivial assumptions, that the doctrine is virtually unintelligible. The gist of Castaneda's argument is this: suppose we understand act utilitarianism to be the view that an act is obligatory if and only if its utility exceeds that of each alternative. Suppose it is obligatory for a certain person to perform an act with two parts - we can call it 'A & B'. Then, obviously enough, it is also obligatory for this person to perform the parts, A and B. If act utilitarianism were true, we appar­ ently could infer that the utility of A & B is higher than that of A, and higher than that of B (because A & B is obligatory, and the other acts are alternatives to A & B).
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. The Point of Departure -- 2. A Scientific Approach to the Contents of Legal Norms -- 3. The Concept of Legal Dogmatics — A More Precise Formulation -- 4. The Angle of Approach and the Basic Problems -- II: The Ontology of Law -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. The Ontology of Interpretation in Legal Dogmatics -- 3. The Validity of a Legal Norm -- III: The Methodology of Interpretation in Legal Dogmatics -- 1. Basic Concepts -- 2. A General Characterization of Interpretation and Interpretation Theory -- 3. The Sources of Law and the Directives of Legal Interpretation -- 4. Justification of the Interpretative Standpoint: Structural Analysis -- IV: The Acceptability of an Interpretative Statement -- 1. The Principle of the One Right Answer -- 2. Acceptability and Rationality -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Abbreviations.
    Abstract: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work avail­ able to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on full-length scholarly monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowned scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field. Insights into law and legal institutions can come from diverse disciplines on a wide range of topics. Among the relevant disciplines or perspectives con­ tributing to legal philosophy, besides law and philosophy, are anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology. Among the topics included in legal philosophy are theories of law; the concepts of law and legal institutions; legal reasoning and adjudication; epistemological issues of evidence and pro­ cedure; law and justice, economics, politics, or morality; legal ethics; and theories oflegal fields such as criminal law, contracts, and property.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400946385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: 1. Linguistic Theory and Syntactic Development -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Parameterized Theory of UG -- 3. An Overview -- 4. The Theory of Grammar -- Notes -- 2. The Null Subject Phenomenon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Structure of INFL -- 3. Null Subjects and the Identity of AG -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- 3. The AG/PRO Parameter in Early Grammars -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Null Subjects in Early Language -- 3. The Early Grammar of English (G1) -- 4. The Restructuring of G1 -- 5. Summary -- Notes -- 4. Some Comparative Data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Early Grammars of English and Italian: A Comparison -- 3. Early German -- Notes -- 5. Discontinuous Models of Linguistic Development -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantically-Based Child Grammars -- 3. Semantically-Based Grammars: Some Empirical Inadequacies -- Notes -- 6. Further Issues in Acquisition Theory -- 1. Summary -- 2. The Initial State -- 3. Instantaneous vs. Non-Instantaneous Acquisition 168 Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is perhaps the most stunning available demonstration of the explanatory power of the parametric approach to linguistic theory. It is akin, not to a deductive proof, but to the discovery of a footprint in a far-off place which leaves an archeologist elated. The book is full of intricate reasoning, but the stunning aspect is that the reasoning moves between not only complex syntax and diverse languages, but it makes predictions about what two-year-old children will assume about the jumble of linguistic input that confronts them. Those predictions, Hyams shows, are supported by a discriminating analysis of acquisition data in English and Italian. Let us examine the linguistic context for a moment before we discuss her theory. The ultimate issue in linguistic theory is the explanation of how a child can acquire any human language. To capture this fact we must posit an innate mechanism which meets two opposite constraints: it must be broad enough to account for the diversity of human language, and narrow enough so that the child does not make irrelevant hypotheses about his own language, particularly ones from which there is no recovery. That is, a child must not posit a grammar which permits all of the sentences of a language as well as other sentences which are not in the language. In a word, the child must not create a language in which one cannot make adult discriminations between grammatical and ungrammatical.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789400946224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Author’s Preface to the First Edition -- Author’s Preface to the Second Edition (Excerpt) -- I. Historical Survey of the Development of Thermometry -- II. Critical Discussion of the Conception of Temperature -- III. On the Determination of High Temperatures -- IV. Names and Numbers -- V. The Continuum -- VI. Historical Survey of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VII. The Development of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VIII. Historical Survey of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- IX. Review of the Development of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- X. Historical Survey of the Development of Calorimetry -- XI. Criticism of Calorimetric Conceptions -- XII. The Calorimetric Properties of Gases -- XIII. The Development of Thermodynamics. Carnot’s Principle -- XIV. The Development of Thermodynamics. The Principle of Mayer and Joule. The Principle of Energy -- XV. The Development of Thermodynamics. Unifying the Principles -- XVI. Concise Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics -- XVII. The Absolute (Thermodynamic) Scale of Temperature -- XVIII. Critical Review of the Development of Thermodynamics. The Sources of the Principle of Energy -- XIX. Extension of the Theorem of Carnot and Clausius. The Conformity and the Differences of Energies. The Limits of the Principle of Energy -- XX. The Borderland between Physics and Chemistry -- XXI. The Relation of Physical and Chemical Processes -- XXII. The Opposition between Mechanical and Phenomenological Physics -- XXIII. The Evolution of Science -- XXIV. The Sense of the Marvellous -- XXV. Transformation and Adaptation in Scientific Thought -- XXVI. The Economy of Science -- XXVII. Comparison as a Scientific Principle -- XXVIII. Language -- XXIX. The Concept -- XXX. The Concept of Substance -- XXXI. Causality and Explanation -- XXXII. Revision of Scientific Views Caused by Chance Circumstances -- XXXIII. The Paths of Investigation -- XXXIV. The Aim of Investigation -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious. " II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789401174206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- Purpose and Organization of This Book -- Description of Programs Upon Which This Book is Based -- Relevance of the Examples Used in This Book to Other Programs -- Section I: Proposal Review Guidelines and Instruments -- 2: Strategies for Eliciting High-Quality Proposals -- 3: Preparing for the Proposal Review -- 4: Conducting the Proposal Review Process and Presenting the Results -- Section II: Onsite Evaluation Guidelines and Procedures -- 5: Uses and Functions of Onsite Evaluations -- 6: Considerations and Activities Preceding the Onsite Visit -- 7: Conducting, Reporting and Evaluating Onsite Evaluation Activities -- Section III: Technical Assistance for Funded Projects -- 8: Organizing a Technical Assistance System -- 9: Providing Technical Assistance -- Section IV: Establishing Evaluation Agreements and Contracts -- 10: Basic Considerations in Establishing Evaluation Contracts and Agreements -- 11: Negotiating and Monitoring Evaluation Contracts and Agreements -- References.
    Abstract: During the past two decades, evaluation has come to play an increasingly important role in the operation of educational and social programs by national, state, and local agencies. Mandates by federal funding agencies that programs they sponsored be evaluated gave impetus to use of evaluation. Realization that evaluation plays a pivotal role in assuring program quality and effectiveness has maintained the use of evaluation even where mandates have been relaxed. With increased use --indeed institutionalization --of evaluation in many community, state, and national agencies, evaluation has matured as a profession, and new evaluation approaches have been developed to aid in program planning, implementation, monitoring, and improvement. Much has been written about various philosophical and theoretical orientations to evaluation, its relationship to program management, appropriate roles evaluation might play, new and sometimes esoteric evaluation methods, and particular evaluation techniques. Useful as these writings are, relatively little has been written about simple but enormously important activities which comprise much of the day-to-day work of the program evaluator. This book is focused on some of these more practical aspects that largely determine the extent to which evaluation will prove helpful.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789400947962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 39
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Statistics ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: Connections Between Graduation and Forecasting -- Isotonic Bayesian Graduation with an Additive Prior -- Bootstrapping a Graduation -- Actuarial Applications of Utility Functions -- A Class of Ruin Problems -- Comparing Risks -- Inference in the Hierarchical Credibility Model -- Models of Claim Frequency -- Analyzing Casualty Insurance Claim Counts -- Immunization-The Matching of Assets and Liabilities -- Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Stochastic Processes Applied to Immunization -- A Note on Variable Interest Rate Loans -- Linearity and Gaussianity of Interest Rate Data: An Empirical Time Series Test -- Perspectives on Mortgage Default Insurance -- Time Series Analysis of Mortgage Rate Insurance -- Underwriting Traders of Financial Futures -- Mergers of Life Companies and the Blurring Zof Boundaries Among Financial Institutions-Effects on the Actuarial Profession -- Commentary on Rudd’s Talk -- The Search for New Forms of Life.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 33
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Passivity and Activity in Intentional Action -- Three: Intending, Judging, and the Cognitive Model -- Four: Further and Future Intentions -- Five: Expressions of Intention -- Six: Intentions: The Structures -- Seven: Intentions: The Contents -- Eight: Dynamics of Intentional Action -- Nine: Agency and Psychological Causation -- Ten: Questions and Some Answers -- Eleven: Activity and Development -- Twelve: Overview -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The powers of seeing, hearing, re­ membering, distinguishing, judging, reason­ ing, are speculative powers; the power of ex­ ecuting any work of art or labour is active power. Thomas Reid I Some causal efficacy is due to persons. And, some of the causal efficacy due to persons is imparted by, not merely to, them. Further, some of the causal efficacy due to persons and imparted by them is imparted by and not merely to their physical, active bodies. Otherwise there is no agency. I will assume, with everyone at the outset, that the world contains agency of the kind found in some of a person's comings and goings, movings and changing of things. Agency is exhibited in more and in less sophisticated forms, that is, in any sophisticated, artful activity and in less complex, non-articulate physical activities. In both there appears to be more than mere causal efficacy imparted to the environment by a person. In sophisticated agen­ cy activities are organized, guided, purposive and purposeful comings and goings, movings and changes. And purpose is not absent in less soph­ isticated purposive activities of active creatures. So I shall argue in what follows. Now is the time for introducing the themes, topics, and issues to be considered, and the plan and purpose in them.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400943605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Nietzsche and the Method of Philosophy -- Nietzsche on Philosophy, Interpretation, and Truth -- Nietzsche, Hume, and the Genealogical Method -- Nietzsche and the Project of Bringing Philosophy to an End -- Nietzsche and Contemporary Hermeneutics -- II. Varieties of Nietzsche’s Affirmation -- A More Severe Morality: Nietzsche’s Affirmative Ethics -- Will to Knowledge, Will to Ignorance, and Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil -- The Socratic Nietzsche -- Nietzsche’s Concept of Education -- Nietzsche’s Style of Affirmation: The Metaphors of Genealogy -- Nietzsche: Psychology vs. Philosophy, and Freedom -- Nietzsche’s Enticing Psychology of Power -- III. Nietzschean Affinities and Confrontations -- Nietzsche and Spinoza: amor fati and amor dei -- Nietzsche und Heine. Kritik des christlichen Gottesbegriffs -- Nietzsche—Wagner im Sommer 1878.
    Abstract: The full century that has elapsed since Nietzsche was at the height of his work did not obliterate his impact. In many ways he is still a contemporary philosopher, even in that sense of 'contemporary' which points to the future. We may have outgrown his style (always, however, admirable and exciting to read), his sense of drama, his creative exaggeration, his sometimes flamboy­ ant posture of a rebel wavering between the heroic and the puerile. Yet Nietzsche's critique of transcendental values and, especially, his attack on the inherited conceptions of rationality remain pertinent and continue to pro­ voke anew cultural critique or dissent. Today Nietzsche is no longer discussed apologetically, nor is his radicalism shunned or suppressed. That his work remains the object of extremely diverse readings is befitting a philosopher who replaced the concept of truth with that of interpretation. It is, indeed, around the concept of interpretation that much of the rem:wed interest in Nietzsche seems to center today. Special emphasis is being laid on his manner of doing philosophy, and his views on interpretation and the genealogical method are often re-read in the context of contemporary hermeneutics and "deconstructionist" positions.
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401707152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 205 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Psychological Methods of Observing Consciousness -- II—The Relation between Consciousness and Physiology -- III—The Ego as Continuity of Conscious Functions -- IV—Conscious Structures -- V—The Directed Attention Progression.
    Abstract: The object of this study is to find a coherent theoretical approach to three problems which appear to interrelate in complex ways: (1) What is the ontological status of consciousness? (2) How can there be 'un­ conscious,' 'prereflective' or 'self-alienated' consciousness? And (3) Is there a 'self' or 'ego' formed by means of the interrelation of more elementary states of consciousness? The motivation for combining such a diversity of difficult questions is that we often learn more by looking at interrelations of problems than we could by viewing them only in isola­ tion. The three questions posed here have emerged as especially prob­ lematic in the context of twentieth century philosophy. 1. The question of the ontological status of consciousness The question 'What is consciousness?' is one of the most perplexing in philosophy-so perplexing that many have been motivated to proceed as though consciousness did not exist. If William James was speaking rhetorically when he said "Consciousness does not exist," 1 many behaviorists of the recent past were not. 2 James meant only to imply that consciousness is not an independently existing soul-substance, along­ side physical substances. He did not mean that we do not really 'have' consciousness, and he did not provide final resolution for the problem of the causal interrelations between consciousness and the physical realm (e. g. , our bodies). Many recent philosophers and psychologists, however, try to proceed as though these problems did not exist.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 238 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 7
    Series Statement: Profiles 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Self-Profile -- Chisholm on Intentionality, Thought, and Reference -- States of Affairs -- The Objects of Perception -- Chisholm on Certainty -- Chisholm’s Theory of Action -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Roderick Chisholm -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc. ) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library oj Living Phi/osophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of wh at happens in the profession. PRO­ FILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of signifi­ cant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to­ date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401734615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 92
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I / The Earlier Conversation -- One / Two Generations -- Two / Beyond the Enlightenment: Comte and the New Problem of Social Science -- Three / Mill and the ‘Ascent To Causes’ -- Four / Quetelet: Rates and Their Explanation -- Five / The Interregnum -- II / Durkheim as a Methodolog’ist -- Six / Realism, Teleology, and Action -- Seven / Collective Forces, Causation, and Probability -- Eight / Durkheim’s Individual -- III / Weber On Action -- Nine / Objective Possibility and Adequate Cause -- Ten / Rationality and Action -- Eleven / Large-Scale Explanations: Aggregation and Interpretation -- Epilog / The End of the Ascent -- Notes.
    Abstract: Stephen Turner has explored the ongms of social science in this pioneering study of two nineteenth century themes: the search for laws of human social behavior, and the accumulation and analysis of the facts of such behavior through statistical inquiry. The disputes were vigorously argued; they were over questions of method, criteria of explanation, interpretations of probability, understandings of causation as such and of historical causation in particular, and time and again over the ways of using a natural science model. From his careful elucidation of John Stuart Mill's proposals for the methodology of the social sciences on to his original analysis of the methodological claims and practices of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, Turner has beautifully traced the conflict between statistical sociology and a science offactual description on the one side, and causal laws and a science of nomological explanation on the other. We see the works of Comte and Quetelet, the critical observations of Herschel, Buckle, Venn and Whewell, and the tough scepticism of Pearson, all of these as essential to the works of the classical founders of sociology. With Durkheim's essay on Suicide and Weber's monograph on The Protestant Ethic, Turner provides both philosophical analysis to demonstrate the continuing puzzles over cause and probability and also a perceptive and wry account of just how the puzzles of our late twentieth century are of a piece with theirs. The terms are still familiar: reasons vs.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400945128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in FUDPUCKER, WM. E. ARE COMPUTERS REALLY ALL THAT IMPORTANT? 1987
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 90
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 90
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Information Technology and Computers as Themes in the Philosophy of Technology -- I/The Metaphysical and Epistemological Character of Information -- Information Measurement and Information Technology: A Myth of the Twentieth Century -- Information Technologies as Vehicles of Evolution -- The Theory-ladenness of Information -- Information Does Not Make Sense — Or: The Relevance Gap in Information Technology and Its Social Dangers -- “Information” in Epistemological and Ontological Perspective -- II/Philosophical Analyses of the Interactions Between Human Beings and Computers -- Bio-Social Cybernetic Determination - or Responsible Freedom? -- Minds, Machines and Meaning -- From Socrates to Expert Systems: The Limits of Calculative Rationality -- Machine Perception -- Men and Machines: The Computational Metaphor -- Information, Artificial Intelligence, and the Praxical -- III/Ethical and Political Issues Associated with Information Technology and Computers -- Philosophical Reflections on the Microelectronic Revolution -- Microelectronics and Workers’Rights -- Information Technology and the Technological System -- The Computer as a Diagnostic Tool in Medicine -- Socio-Philosophical Notes on the Implications of the Computer Revolution -- Information Technology and the Problem of Incontinence -- Privacy as an Ethical Problem in the Computer Society -- Myth Information: Romantic Politics in the Computer Revolution -- Who Is to Blame for Data Pollution? On Individual Moral Responsibility with Information Technology -- Select Annotated Bibliography on Philosophical Studies of Information Technology and Computers -- 1. Bibliographies -- 2. Historical Studies -- 3. Technical Studies -- 4. General Bibliography -- 5. Author Index -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Until recently, the philosophy and history of science proceeded in a separate way from the philosophy and history of technology, and indeed with respect to both science and technology, philosophical and historical inquiries were also following their separate ways. Now we see in the past quarter-century how the philosophy of science has been profoundly in­ fluenced by historical studies of the sciences, and no longer concerned so single-mindedly with the analysis of theory and explanation, with the re­ lation between hypotheses and experimental observation. Now also we see the traditional historical studies of technology supplemented by phi­ losophical questions, and no longer so plainly focussed upon contexts of application, on invention and practical engineering, and on the mutually stimulating relations between technology and society. Further, alas, the neat division of intellectual labor, those clearly drawn distinctions be­ tween science and technology, between the theoretical and the applied, between discovery and justification, between internalist and externalist approaches . . . all, all have become muddled! Partly, this is due to internal revolutions within the philosophy and his­ tory of science (the first result being recognition of their mutual rele­ vance). Partly, however, this state of 'muddle' is due to external factors: science, at the least in the last half-century, has become so intimately connected with technology, and technological developments have cre­ ated so many new fields of scientific (and philosophical) inquiry that any critical reflection on scientific and technological endeavors must hence­ forth take their interaction into account.
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400944367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- The decline of Christianity as the key factor producing altered views of human nature; discussion of other views and delimitation of the scope of the coverage. -- 2: Unreason and Self-Destruction -- Augustine’s pessimistic view of human nature and its influence, particularly on the reformation of the sixteenth century. -- 3: Reason and Self-Interest -- The more optimistic view of some scholastic philosophers and its development by metaphysical rationalism, British empiricism and Kant. -- 4: The Origins of Modernism -- Origins of the idea of the unconscious and of a philosophy based on consciousness; coverage of some writers who directly influenced the writings of Nietzsche, Freud, Heidegger and Sartre. -- 5: Nietzsche and Jaspers -- Nietzsche’s emphasis on the overcoming of lower nature and the ruthlessness of creation; his use by Jaspers and others. -- 6: Freud and his Followers -- Freud’s invention of psychoanalysis, his use of deep interpretation and extension of the stoic attitude; his influence on Reich, Marcuse, Fromm and Lacan. -- 7: Heidegger and Modern Metaphysics -- Heidegger’s use of a metaphysics of consciousness and his neglect of lower nature; the extension of his ideas by Sartre, Merleau-Ponty and Baudrillard. -- 8: Conclusions -- Against excessive reliance on methodology; critique of post-structuralism; review of seven issues relating to human nature.
    Abstract: General Argument My aim is to survey some of the most influential philosophical writers on human nature from the time that Augustine codified Christian belief to the present. During this period philosophical opinions about human nature underwent a transformation from the God-centered views of Augustine and the scholastics to the human-centered ideas of Nietzsche, Freud and Sartre. While one aim has simply been to provide a handy survey, I do have three polemical purposes. One is to oppose the notion that the modernism of more recent writers was produced by methodological innovations. According to both Freud and Sartre, as well as other key figures like Lacan and Heidegger, their views were the product of new methods of investigating human nature, namely those of psychoanalysis and the phenomenological reduction. Psych,oanalysis claimed to use the interpretation of both dreams and the relationship between analyst and patient to penetrate the unconscious. Phenomenology has claimed that trained philosophers are able to obtain a privilege;d view of consciousness by a special act of thought called the phenomenological reduction which enables them to view consciousness without preconceptions. On many issues my sympathies are with Nietzsche rather than with Freud or phenomenology. This is also the case regarding methodology. Nietzsche saw quite clearly that the possibility of popularising the views he himself held came from the decline of ChristianitY. My rejection of exclusive reliance upon the methodologies of psychoanalysis and phenomenology is based on two lines of argument.
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 7
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    Keywords: History ; Emigration and immigration.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Colonialism and Migration: an Overview -- II: European Indentured Migration to the New World -- 2. The Absence of White Contract Labour in Spanish America during the Colonial Period -- 3. Markets for Migrants: English Indentured Servitude and Emigration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- 4. The Servant Migration to New Netherland, 1624–1664 -- 5. French Indentured Servants for America, 1500–1800 -- 6. The Migration of German Redemptioners to North America, 1720–1820 -- III: Indentured Migration after Slavery -- 7. The Recruitment of African Indentured Labourers for European Colonies in the Nineteenth Century -- 8. Plantation Society and Indentured Labour: the Jamaican Case, 1834–1865 -- 9. The Meek Hindu: The Recruitment of Indian Labourers for Service Overseas, 1870–1916 -- 10. Engagees and Coolies on Réunion Island: Slavery’s Masks and Freedom’s Constraints -- 11. Colonialism and Indentured Labour Migration in the Western Pacific, 1840–1915 -- IV: A Comparison: Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery -- 12. Servants to Slaves to Servants: Contract Labour and European Expansion -- Notes on the Contributors.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400945661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 95
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 95
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia -- Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia: A Comment -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: Skepticism, Science and Millenarianism -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: A Comment -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism: A Comment -- Practical Reasoning -- Practical Reasoning — The Bottom Line: A Comment -- Medicine and the Boer War: Social and Political Consequences -- Medicine and the Boer War: A Comment -- Koch’s Bacillus: Was There a Technological Fix? -- Koch’s Bacillus: A Comment -- Can Genetics Explain Development? -- Eddington Centennial Symposium -- Opening Remarks -- The Nature of the Physical World Revisited -- Eddington and the Large Numbers -- The Fine-Structure Constant: From Eddington’s Time to Our Own -- Eddington and Einstein.
    Abstract: This is the second volume of Proceedings of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science. At the time that this preface is being written, the fourth annual series of lectures within the framework of the Israel Colloquium is already behind us and the fifth is underway. The Israel Colloquium thus has now not only a future to look forward to but also a past which is a source ,of pride and pleasure for those who take part in this venture. The Israel Colloquium has, I believe, struck roots in the Israeli scientific and intellectual life, while drawing on the ever-increasing readiness of the international scientific and intellectual community for continuous support. As in the first volume, here too the papers presented, taken together, attempt a threefold representation of science and of the scientific activity: the historical, the social, and the systematic. A novel focal point in this volume is the treatment of some case studies illuminating historical, social, and philosophical aspects of medicine. Another center of gravity here is the Eddington Centennial Symposium which was a main event in the Collo­ quium activity of the 1982-83 series. This is a fitting place for me to report with sorrow the untimely death in the summer of 1984 of Solly G. Cohen, one of Israel's leading scientists, who is among the contributors to this volume.
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400946583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 30
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: One: Truth and Closeness to Truth -- 1.1 The problem of truthlikeness -- 1.2 Explications and intuitions -- 1.3 Some adequacy conditions -- Notes -- Two: Popper on Truthlikeness -- 2.1 Truthlikeness in Popper’s methodology -- 2.2 Truthlikeness by truth content and falsity content -- 2.3 Measuring truth content and falsity content -- Notes -- Three: Distance in Logical Space -- 3.1 Conceptual frameworks and possible worlds -- 3.2 Distance between propositions -- 3.3 Measuring the symmetric difference -- 3.4 Truthlikeness for a propositional framework -- 3.5 Truthlikeness by similarity spheres -- Notes -- Four: Truthlikeness by Distributive Normal Forms -- 4.1 Languages and pictures -- 4.2 Worlds and interpretations -- 4.3 Constituents in a first-order language -- 4.4 The symmetric difference on constituents -- 4.5 The propositional measure extended -- Notes -- Five: Beyond First-Order Truthlikeness -- 5.1 Questions, answers, and propositional distance again -- 5.2 Infinitely deep theories and ultimate questions -- 5.3 Higher-order frameworks -- 5.4 Verisimilitude and legisimilitude -- Notes -- Six: Truthlikeness and Translation -- 6.1 Invariance under translation -- 6.2 The identity of states of affairs -- 6.3 Coactualisation and structure -- 6.4 Two criticisms of the structure argument -- 6.5 Numerical accuracy, confirmation and disconfirmation -- 6.6 Privileged properties -- Notes -- Seven: Truthlikeness, Content, and Utility -- 7.1 The content condition -- 7.2 The attractions of brute strength -- 7.3 Epistemic utilities -- 7.4 Accuracy and action: a conjecture -- Notes -- 8.1 First-order languages and their interpretations -- 8.2 Higher-order languages -- 8.3 Examples J and K formalized -- 8.4 First-order normal forms -- 8.5 Permutative normal forms -- 8.6 The distance between constituents -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The concept of likeness to truth, like that of truth itself, is fundamental to a realist conception of inquiry. To demonstrate this we need only make two rather modest aim of an inquiry, as an inquiry, is realist assumptions: the truth doctrine (that the the truth of some matter) and the progress doctrine (that one false theory may realise this aim better than another). Together these yield the conclusion that a false theory may be more truthlike, or closer to the truth, than another. It is the aim of this book to give a rigorous philosophical analysis of the concept of likeness to truth, and to examine the consequences, some of them no doubt surprising to those who have been unduly impressed by the (admittedly important) true/false dichotomy. Truthlikeness is not only a requirement of a particular philosophical outlook, it is as deeply embedded in common sense as the concept of truth. Everyone seems to be capable of grading various propositions, in different (hypothetical) situations, according to their closeness to the truth in those situations. And (if my experience is anything to go by) there is remarkable unanimity on these pretheoretical judge­ ments. This is not proof that there is a single coherent concept underlying these judgements. The whole point of engaging in philosophical analysis is to make this claim plausible.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789400944541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Can the Dichotomy of Fact and Value Be Maintained? Introductory Survey -- Dubious Doubts -- Is and Ought -- Fact and Value in History -- Historical Discourse as Fact-Bound Fiction -- Scientific Practice and Responsibility -- Normative and Evaluative Aspects of Philosophical Propositions -- Phenomenology and the Non-Theoretical Paul Ricoeur -- Life; A Story in Search of a Narrator -- On the Relation of Art and Philosophy -- Mimesis and Expression; A Comparative Study in Aesthetics -- Knowledge and Action; Facts and Values in Neo-Confucianism -- Facts and Values; An Islamic Approach -- Unity and Value in African Thought -- The Concept of Dharma -- Values as Facts: A Hindu Perspective -- A Dynamic Anthropology in a Decisive Epoch -- Notes on contributors -- Abstracts.
    Abstract: The answer to philosophical questions will often depend on the position one takes regarding the fact-value problem. It is, therefore, not surprising that, in the tradition of western philosophy, the past 200 years or so record an animated discussion of it. In the present collection the debate is continued by representatives of various "schools" in contemporary western thought. A number of philosophers from non-western cultures, too, enter into it. The contributions do not all reflect on the same theme, nor do they use the same approach. Essays written by philosophers sympathetic to the analytical tradition are followed by reflections on the part of those inspired by phe­ nomenology. A third group of contributions is by non-western thinkers, who are more likely to approach the problem in terms of culture. Their engage­ ment with the issue clearly shows, among other things, that it is almost exclusively in the western tradition that the fact-value distinction is often understood as an outright dichotomy. The occasion for the publication of this collection is Dr. Cornelis Anthonie van Peursen's retirement as Professor of Philosophy. This year he leaves the Free University, Amsterdam; until 1982 he was professor at the University of Leyden as well. In the Netherlands and beyond he has become known for his concern with constructive comparison of diverging philosophical trends and the cross-cultural fertilization of thought. Characteristic of his career are his efforts to render the results of academic philosophizing understand­ able to a broader audience.
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  • 63
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    ISBN: 9789400945142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 91
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 91
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Spinoza and Seventeenth Century Science -- Spinoza in the Century of Science -- Spinoza and Cartesian Mechanics (translated by Debra Nails and Pascal Gallez) -- Spinoza and the Rise of Modern Science in the Netherlands -- II. Spinoza: Scientist -- Spinoza: Scientist and Theorist of Scientific Method -- Spinoza and Euclidean Arithmetic: The Example of the Fourth Proportional (translated by David Lachterman) -- III. Spinoza and the Human Sciences: Politics and Hermeneutics -- Towards a Canonic Version of Classical Political Theory -- Some New Light on the Roots of Spinoza’s Science of Bible Study -- IV. Scientific-Metaphysical Reflections -- Self-Knowledge as Self-Preservation? -- Spinoza’s Version of the Eternity of -- V. Spinoza and Twentieth Century Science -- Parallelism and Complementarity: The Psycho-Physical Problem in Spinoza and in the Succession of Niels Bohr -- Res Extensa and the Space-Time Continuum -- Einstein and Spinoza (translated by Michel Paty and Robert S. Cohen) -- VI. Bibliography -- Annotated Bibliography of Spinoza and the the Mind Sciences -- Index Locorum -- General Index.
    Abstract: Prefatory Explanation It must be remarked at once that I am 'editor' of this volume only in that I had the honor of presiding at the symposium on Spinoza and the Sciences at which a number of these papers were presented (exceptions are those by Hans Jonas, Richard Popkin, Joe VanZandt and our four European contributors), in that I have given some editorial advice on details of some of the papers, including translations, and finally, in that my name appears on the cover. The choice of speakers, and of addi­ tional contributors, is entirely due to Robert Cohen and Debra Nails; and nearly all the burden of readying the manuscript for the press has been borne by the latter. In the introduction to another anthology on Spinoza I opened my remarks by quoting a statement of Sir Stuart Hampshire about inter­ pretations of Spinoza's chief work: All these masks have been fitted on him and each of them does to some extent fit. But they remain masks, not the living face. They do not show the moving tensions and unresolved conflicts in Spinoza's Ethics. (Hampshire, 1973, p. 297) The double theme of 'moving tensions' and 'unresolved conflicts' seems even more appropriate to the present volume. What is Spinoza's rela­ tion to the sciences? The answers are many, and they criss-cross one another in a number of complicated ways.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 34
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Justification and the Regress Problem -- 1. Justification and Truth -- 2. Justification and Probability -- 3. Justification and Knowledge -- 4. The Epistemic Regress Problem -- II: Epistemic Contextualism: Justification Via the Unjustified -- 1. Contextualism and Scientific Justification -- 2. Contextualism Without a Scientific Community -- 3. Contextualism and Skepticism -- 4. The Inadequacy of Contextualism -- III: Epistemic Coherentism: “Circles” of Justification -- 1. Negative Coherentism -- 2. Positive Coherentism -- 3. The Inadequacy of Coherentism -- IV. Epistemic Foundationalism (I): Infinite Regresses, Externalism, and Reliabilism -- 1. Infinite Regresses of Justification -- 2. Epistemic Foundationalism -- 3. Concluding Remarks -- V: Epistemic Foundationalism (II): Epistemic Intuitionism -- 1. Intuitionism and Immediate Justification -- 2. Justifying Nonfoundational Observation Beliefs -- 3. General Summary and Conclusion -- VI. Epilogue: The epistemic and the Rational -- 1. Rational Conflicts -- 2. Three Kinds of Rationality -- 3. All-Things-Considered Rationality -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Broadly speaking, this is a book about truth and the criteria thereof. Thus it is, in a sense, a book about justification and rationality. But it does not purport to be about the notion of justification or the notion of rationality. For the assumption that there is just one notion of justification, or just one notion of rationality, is, as the book explains, very misleading. Justification and rationality come in various kinds. And to that extent, at least, we should recognize a variety of notions of justification and rationality. This, at any rate, is one of the morals of Chapter VI. This book, in Chapters I-V, is mainly concerned with the kind of justification and rationality characteristic of a truth-seeker, specifically a seeker of truth about the world impinging upon the senses: the so-called empirical world. Hence the book's title. But since the prominent contemporary approaches to empirical justification are many and varied, so also are the epistemological issues taken up in the following chapters. For instance, there will be questions about so-called coherence and its role, if any, in empirical justification. And there will be questions about social consensus (whatever it is) and its significance, or the lack thereof, to empirical justification. Furthermore, the perennial question of whether, and if so how, empirical knowledge has so-called founda­ tions will be given special attention.
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  • 65
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    ISBN: 9789400944985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 87
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 87
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. -- Microbiology and Philosophy of Science, Lwów and the German Holocaust: Stations of a Life — Ludwik Fleck 1896–1961 -- II. Ludwik Fleck’s Papers on the Philosophy of Science -- 2.1. Some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking [1927] -- 2.2. On the Crisis of ‘Reality’ [1929] -- 2.3. Scientific Observation and Perception in General [1935] -- 2.4. The Problem of Epistemology [1936] -- 2.5. Problems of the Science of Science [ 1946] -- 2.6. To Look, To See, To Know [1947] -- 2.7. Crisis in Science [unpublished, 1960] -- III. On Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Knowledge and Science -- 3.1. The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath -- 3.2. Polish Philosophy in the Inter-War Period and Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought-Styles and Thought-Collectives -- 3.3. Ludwik Fleck and Polish Philosophy -- 3.4. Lwów as a Cultural and Intellectual Background of the Genesis of Fleck’s Ideas -- 3.5. Ludwik Fleck and the Influence of the Philosophy of Lwów -- 3.6. Ludwik Fleck and the Historical Interpretation of Science -- 3.7. Fleck’s Contribution to Epistemology -- 3.8. Is There a Distinction Between External and Internal Sociology of Science? (Commentary on a Paper of John Ziman) -- 3.9. On Ludwik Fleck’s Use of Social Categories in Knowledge -- 3.10. History of Science and Its Sociological Reconstructions -- 3.11. Some Determinants of Cognitive Style in Science -- 3.12. Some Comments on Fleck’s Interpretation of the Bordet-Wassermann Reaction in View of Present Biochemical Knowledge -- 3.13. Fleck’s Style -- 3.14. The Epistemology of the Science of an Epistemologist of the Sciences: Ludwik Fleck’s Professional Outlook and its Relationships to his Philosophical Works -- IV. -- Bibliography Of Ludwik Fleck -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Within the last ten years, the interest of historians and philosophers of science in the epistemological writings of the Polish medical microbiologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), who had up to then been almost completely unknown, has advanced with great strides. His main writings on epistemological questions were published in the mid-1930's, but they remained almost unnoticed. Today, however, one may rightly call Fleck a 'classical' figure both of episte­ mology and of the historical sociology of science, one whose works are comparable with Popper's Logic of Scientific Discovery or Merton's pioneer­ ing study of the relations among economics, Puritanism, and natural science, both also originally published in the mid-1930's. The story of this book of 'materials on Ludwik Fleck' is also the story of the reception of Ludwik Fleck. In this volume, some essential materials which have been produced by that reception have been gathered together. We will sketch both the reception and the materials.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789400946163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 47
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Rationality and Uncertainty in Decision Theory -- Rationality and Uncertainty -- Practical Certainty and the Acceptance of Empirical Statements -- A New Basis for Decision Theory -- Some Questions about Bayesian Decision Theory -- Regret, Recrimination and Rationality -- II. Utility and Uncertainty -- Determination of Cardinal Utility According to an Intrinsic Invariant Model -- The Present State of Utility Theory -- A Characterization of Decision Matrices that Yield Instrumental Expected Utility -- Associative Means and Utility Theory -- On Utility Functions in a Financial Context -- The Generalized Means Model (GMM) for Non-Deterministic Decision Making -- Individual Cardinal Utility, Interpersonal Comparisons, and Social Choice -- Surviving Implications of Expected Utility Theory -- Consistency and Expected Utility Theory -- Aggregate Revealed Preferences and Random Utility Theory -- Concave Additively Decomposable Representing Functions and Risk Aversion -- III. Information and Utility -- Concepts of Information Based on Utility -- Information Utility — Statistical and Semantical Features -- IV. Risk Propensity and Decision -- Assessing Risk Propensity -- What Naive Decision Makers can Tell Us About Risk -- A Measure of Risk Aversion in Terms of Preferences -- State-Dependent Utility and Risk Aversion -- V. Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- The Impact of Uncertainty on the Optimal Decision of Risk Neutral Firms -- Strategic Planning Models and Risk Management.
    Abstract: The Second International Conference on Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory was held in Venice, June 1984. This volume presents some of the papers delivered at FUR-84. (The First International Conference, FUR-82, was held in Oslo and some of the papers presented on that occasion were published by Reidel in the volume Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory with Applications, edited by Bernt P. Stigum and Fred Wenst~p). The theory of choice under uncertainty involves a vast range of controversial issues in many fields like economics, philosophy, psychology, mathematics and statistics. The idea of discussing these problems in international conferences has been successful: two conferences have been held and others will follow. The climate of the debate has changed in the meantime, partly as a result of these conferences. It is no more only a question of attacking or defending the neo-Bernoullian assumptions, but also of proposing wider generalizations and including new elements in the analysis of the decision process. For instance Amartya Sen - comparing the two current notions of rationality, internal consistency and self-interest pursuit introduces the concept of reasoning and considers the irrationality which may result from the failure of a positive correspondence between reasoning and choice or from a limited capacity of reasoning. Rationality is also considered with respect to the controversial axiom of strong independence. John C. Harsanyi introduces the concept of practical certainty, i. e.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400943438
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 107
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 107
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Religion. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I. From the City of Joan of Arc to the United Provinces of William III and the grand pensionary Heinsius -- 1. The Basnages of Rouen: Huguenot avocats in the Parlement of Normandy and pastors of the French Reformed Church -- 2. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in Rouen -- 3. Refuge in Holland: Ministry in the Walloon Church of Rotterdam and the Republic of Letters in the time of Pierre Bayle, 1685–1709 -- 4. Refuge in Holland: Ministry in the Walloon Church of The Hague and Protestant diplomacy, 1710-23 -- II. Dimensions of the Huguenot intellectual of the ‘Diaspora’ -- 5. First modern historian of the Jews: Rational criticism versus Xenophobia and the Wall of Silence -- 6. Critic of Bossuet and historian of the Protestant churches: The position of dissenters in an absolute monarchy -- 7. Religious controversialist and the issues of Unigenitus, Jansenism, and Gallicanism -- 8. Contributor to the Histoire des Ouvrages des Savans: Journalism in the service of the Republic of Letters -- 9. States’ historian of the Dutch first Stadholderless period and the Republic under William III -- 10. The progress of history from barbarism to civilization: Social change in duelling and chivalric orders -- 11. Toward a redefinition of Calvinist theology and Society? The problem of religious toleration and freedom of conscience -- Conclusion: The role of the Baylean moderate party in the Second Huguenot Refuge -- Select bibliography: -- 1. Bibliographies and guides to materials -- 2. Original manuscripts: Unprinted -- 3. Original manuscripts: Printed -- 4. Contempory works of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries -- 5. Later works.
    Abstract: The Character of Seventeenth-Century French Protestantism and the Place of the Huguenot Refuge following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes Thirty-seven years ago the late Emile-G. Leonard regretted that there were so few historical studies of seventeenth-century French Protestantism and no general 1 historical synthesis for the period as a whole. At the time Leonard's observation was accurate. Seventeenth-century French Protestantism traditionally remained a questionable and problematical subject for historians. All too frequently historians neglected it in favor of emphasizing its origins in the second-half of the sixteenth century and its renascence since the French Revolution. When the rare historian broke his silence and considered French Protestantism in the seventeenth-century, was meager and generally ambivalent or negative. The historiographer his treatment of seventeenth-century French Protestantism could only cite the outstanding works of Jean Pannier and Orentin Douen, which taken together emphasized the new pre­ eminence of Parisian Protestantism in the seventeenth century, and the genuine works of synthesis by John Vienot and Matthieu Lelievre, which again had to be placed side by side in order to complete coverage of the whole of the seventeenth 2 century. The only true intellectual history of seventeenth-century French Protestantism was the study by Albert Monod, which, however, dealt with the second-half of the century and, then, only in the broad context of both Protestant 3 and Catholic thought responding to the challenge of modern rationalism.
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9789400943681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Political science. ; Emigration and immigration.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- II: Jewish refugees and the relief organisations -- 1. The Netherlands: Government and society in 1933 -- 2. Jewish emigration from Germany -- 3. Jewish refugees and the Netherlands 1933–40 -- 4. The establishment of Jewish relief organisations -- 5. The work of the Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen -- III: The Dutch government and the refugee problem -- 1. Immigration law and its enforcement before 1933 -- 2. Government attitudes and admissions policy in 1933 -- 3. Attempts at restriction 1934–1937 -- 4. Stricter controls 1937–1938 -- 5. The November pogrom -- 6. 1939: The refugee camps -- 7. International considerations -- IV: The organisation of relief for political refugees -- 1. Emigration of political refugees to the Netherlands -- 2. The German Socialist Party (SPD) -- 3. The German Communist Party (KPD) -- 4. Other left-wing groups -- 5. Conclusion -- V: The government and the political refugees -- 1. The Dutch government and the political refugees -- 2. Political representation of refugees in the Netherlands -- 3. German action against emigre and refugee groups -- 4. Left-wing refugees and NSDAP activists -- 5. Conclusion -- VI: Conclusion -- Notes.
    Abstract: My interest in the 'refugee question' of the 1930s stemmed initially from time spent as an undergraduate at Manchester University, an interest which has been expanded, via a doctoral thesis, to the writing of this book. In wri­ ting about the German and Austrian refugees who fled to the Netherlands before the country was occupied in May 1940, the main aim has been to re­ turn the 'refugee question' of the 1930s into its pre-war context,a context from which it has often been dragged to provide an introduction to the events of the war period and the policies carried out by the Germans in oc­ cupied Europe. A study of the Netherlands provides the opportunity to look at refugees as a whole, not just as Jews, social democrats or communists, and also to examine the reaction and response of an European government to what was essentially a unique problem. I take great pleasure in recording my gratitude to the many people who have helped me in the course of my work. To the Dutch Ministerie van On­ derwijs en Wetenschappen and the Twenty-Seven Foundation for grants which enabled me to spend time in the Netherlands completing the research for this project, and to the British Acadamy for their financial assistance with publication costs. The research for this book took me to many libraries and archives in a number of countries.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400945609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Galileo that Feyerabend Missed: An Improved Case Against Method -- Cartesian Method as Mythic Speech: A Diachronic and Structural Analysis -- Steady as a Rock: Methodology and Moving Continents -- Methodology as a Normative Conceptual Problem: The Case of the Indian ‘Warped Zipper’ Model of DNA -- Inside the Cell: Genetic Methodology and the Case of the Cytoplasm -- The Order of Ideas: Condillac’s Method of Analysis as a Political Instrument in the French Revolution -- Method and the ‘Micropolitics’ of Science: The Early Years of the Geological and Astronomical Societies of London -- Scientific Method and the Rhetoric of Science in Britain, 1830–1917 -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9789400945500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Phonology ; African Languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: one: Introduction -- 1. Lexical Phonology -- 2. Tiered Phonology -- 3. Tone and Lexical Phonology -- Two: The Relevance of Downstep for a Phonetic Component -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some General Properties of Downstep -- 3. The Overall Model -- 4. Downstep in Tiv: Evidence for Floating L-tones -- 5. Downstep in Dschang: More Evidence for Floating Tones -- 6. Post-lexical vs. Phonetic Rules -- Notes -- Three: Morphological Encoding and the Association Conventions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Cycle -- 3. Association Conventions -- 4. Morphological Encoding — Alternative Approaches -- Four: Underspecification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Default Rules -- 3. Yala Ikom Reduplication -- 4. Yoruba -- 5. Values for Default Rules -- 6. Constraints on Underspecification -- 7. Ordering of Default Rules -- 8. Referring to Free Skeletal Positions -- 9. Core Values vs. Autosegments -- 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Accent -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Diacritics -- 3. Melodies -- 4. Tonga -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Rule Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Prelinking -- 3. Extratonality: the Case of Margi -- 4. Polarity -- 5. Assignment of Rules to Components -- Notes -- References -- Index of Languages -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation that was submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Although much of the analysis and argumentation of the dissertation has survived rewriting, the organization has been considerably changed. To Paul Kiparsky and Morris Halle, lowe a major debt. Not only has it been a great privilege to work on phonology with both of them, but it is hard to imagine what this piece of research would have looked like without them. (They, of course, may well imagine a number of appropriate ways in which the work could be different had I not been involved .... ) In addition, special thanks are due to Ken Hale, the third member of my thesis committee. Our discussions of a variety of topics (including tone) helped me to keep a broader outlook on language than might have otherwise been the result of concentrating on a thesis topic.
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9789400945722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Scandinavian languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Germanic languages.
    Abstract: Swedish and the Head-Feature Convention -- Clause-Bounded Reflexives in Modern Icelandic -- The Typology of Anaphoric Dependencies: Icelandic (and Other) Reflexives -- Some Comments on Reflexivization in Icelandic -- On Anaphora and Predication in Norwegian -- The Double Object Construction in Danish -- Som and the Binding Theory -- COMP, INFL, and Germanic Word Order -- On Auxiliaries, AUX and VPs in Icelandic -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The present collection of papers grew out of a Workshop on Scandinavian Syntax and Theory of Grammar, held in Trondheim in 1982. Five of the contributions - those by Maling, Herslund, Cooper, Platzack and Thniinsson - are developments of papers read at this workshop, and all of the contributions reflect (and have partly inspired) the strong momentum which this area of research has gained over the last few years. It is our hope that the collection will be useful for those who want to familiarize themselves with this research, as well as for those actively engaged in it. We are grateful to the authors for their collaboration in getting the volume together, and to Frank Heny and the Reidel staff (Martin Scrivener, editor, in particular) for their help, encouragement and patience through the various phases of the production of this book. Very many thanks also to our anonymous referees, and to Elisabet Engdahl for help and advice. KIRST! KOCH CHRISTENSEN LARS HELLAN vii LARS HELLAN AND KIRSTI KOCH CHRISTENSEN INTRODUCTION O. INTRODUCTION A natural theoretical perspective for a language-family-oriented anthology like the present one is that of COMPARATIVE RESEARCH. This is not to say that the papers of this volume are all focused on comparative issues (in fact, most of them are not), but rather that the language family from which most of the data are drawn lends itself naturally to comparative studies.
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9789400945340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 6
    Series Statement: Profiles 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Casta?eda’s Ontology -- Mind and Guise: Castaneda’s Philosophy of Mind in the World Order -- Castaneda’s Philosophy of Language -- Castaneda’s Theory of Knowing -- Thinking-to-Be and Thinking-to-Do: Some Remarks on Casta?eda on Believing and Intending -- Good Samaritans and Castaneda’s System of Deontic Logic -- Casta?eda’s Theory of Deontic Meaning and Truth -- Casta?eda Theory of Morality -- Casta?eda on Plato, Leibniz, and Kant -- Replies -- Three -- Philosophical Bibliography of Hector-Neri Casta?Eda -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the logic. results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schipp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussion will also be included.
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945746
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 96
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 96
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: I: On the Paradigm of Language: Positivism and Hermeneutics as Theories of Objectivation -- II: On the Paradigm of Production: Marxian Materialism and the Problem of the Constitution of the Social World -- 1. On the Meaning of Marx’s Materialism -- 2. Consumption as an Intrinsic Moment of Productive Activity -- 3. Reification and the Antinomies of Its Overcoming -- 4. Production Versus Communication: Paradigm-Change in Radical Theory -- 5. On the Possibility of Critical Theory -- Appendix I: Four Forms of Critical Theory — Some Theses on Marx’s Development -- Appendix II: Marx and the Problem of Technology -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In Language and Production, Gyorgy Markus presents us with a pro­ found critique of contemporary social theory: of the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences; of the philosophy of language; of hermeneutics and critical theory; and finally, of Marx and of Marxisms. The sweep of Markus' project is complemented by the extraordinary detail of his analysis and the elaborately developed argument which gives the work its clear logical structure: it is a dialectical work. Markus begins with a critique of the paradigm of language and of that scientific ra­ tionality modeled on language, as frameworks for the understanding of social reality, and for a rational 'science of society' . After revealing what he takes to be the essential failure of that paradigm in its positivist ver­ sion (in the work of Sir Karl Popper, who, he argues, remains within the positivist framework despite his differences with other positivists) - Markus examines the alternative interpretations of that paradigm in the hermeneutic tradition from Dilthey through Heidegger and Gadamer, and then in the structural anthropology of Claude Levi-Strauss and in the philosophy of language of Ludwig Wittgenstein. In all of these approaches, Markus sees a systematic flaw in the at­ tempt to frame human action as one or another form of linguistic prac­ tice, or even to read human self-constitution as essentially linguistic.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I/Constraints on Denotations -- 1 / Determiners -- 2 / Quantifiers -- 3 / All Categories -- 4 / Conditionals -- 5 / Tense and Modality -- 6 / Natural Logic -- II/Dynamics of Interpretation -- 7 / Categorial Grammar -- 8 / Semantic Automata -- III/Methodology of Semantics -- 9 / Logical Semantics as an Empirical Science -- 10/ The Logic of Semantics -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Recent developments in the semantics of natural language seem to lead to a genuine synthesis of ideas from linguistics and logic, producing novel concepts and questions of interest to both parent disciplines. This book is a collection of essays on such new topics, which have arisen over the past few years. Taking a broad view, developments in formal semantics over the past decade can be seen as follows. At the beginning stands Montague's pioneering work, showing how a rigorous semantics can be given for complete fragments of natural language by creating a suitable fit between syntactic categories and semantic types. This very enterprise already dispelled entrenched prejudices concerning the separation of linguistics and logic. Having seen the light, however, there is no reason at all to stick to the letter of Montague's proposals, which are often debatable. Subsequently, then, many improvements have been made upon virtually every aspect of the enterprise. More sophisticated grammars have been inserted (lately, lexical-functional grammar and generalized phrase structure grammar), more sensitive model structures have been developed (lately, 'partial' rather than 'total' in their com­ position), and even the mechanism of interpretation itself may be fine-tuned more delicately, using various forms of 'representations' mediating between linguistic items and semantic reality. In addition to all these refinements of the semantic format, descriptive coverage has extended considerably.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737074
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 509 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Environmental Law.
    Abstract: I. Articles -- Maritime Law: An Approach to the Concept -- A Lawyer’s View of Arbitration Proceedings and Composition of the Arbitration Panel -- The UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978, Hamburg Rules, its Future and the Demands of Developing Countries -- Compensation in the Light of the 1984 Protocols to Revise the 1969 CLC and the 1971 Fund Conventions -- Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Italy under the NY Convention of 1958 -- Disputes concerning Lay Days -- II. Comparative Law -- Argentina, Recent Case Law and Relevant Seminars in Argentina -- Belgium, Recent Trends in the Decisions of the Antwerp Court of Appeals concerning Maritime Law (1975–1985) -- Canada, Annual Summary 1983–84 (Canadian Admiralty Decisions) -- Denmark, New Developments of Maritime Law in DK during 1982, 1983 and 1984 -- Democratic Republic of Germany, GDR Legislation and Publications in the Sphere of Maritime Law 1984 -- Federal Republic of Germany, Recent Development of Maritime Law in the Federal Republic of Germany -- France, Highlights in French Maritime Law: Legislation and Jurisprudence in 1984 -- Greece, Developments in Greek Maritime Law: Legislation, Cases and Bibliography 1983–1984 -- Israel, Recent Developments in Air Law and Maritime Law in Israel (1984) -- Italy, Survey on Italian Maritime Law — 1984 -- Japan, Maritime Law in Japan during 1981–1983 -- Netherlands, Legislation, Case and Bibliography in Dutch Maritime Law (1982, 1983 and 1984) -- Norway, Norwegian Legislation, Case Law, and Bibliography for Maritime law in 1982–83 -- Poland, Review of Polish Court Decisions and Maritime Publications -- Spain, Legislation, Case Law and Bibliography of Spanish Maritime Law in 1984 -- Sweden, Recent Developments in the Swedish Maritime Law, 1984 -- United Kingdom, A Brief Review of Developments in the Law of Shipping of the UK 1983–84 -- United States, New Developments in USA Maritime Law 1984 -- Venezuela, Panorama of the Maritime Law in Venezuela during 1984 -- III. International Maritime Organizations -- UNCTAD: The Work of UNCTAD in Shipping Legislation -- UNCITRAL: The Work of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law -- IMO: Activities of the International Maritime Organization during 1984 -- OECD: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and Maritime Transport (1984) -- IMC: Activities of the International Maritime Committee in 1984 -- BIMCO: Activities of the Baltic and International Maritime Conferences -- UNIDROIT: The Activity of Unidroit in 1982 and 1983 -- ISF: Activities of the International Shipping Federation 1983/84 -- INTERTANKO: International Maritime Organization 1984 Protocols on Oil Pollution Liability -- FIATA: Activities of the International Federation of Associations of Forwarding Agents (FIATA), during 1984 -- IV. Case Law -- International Case Law Highlights -- V Commercial and Maritime Events -- VI. Documentation -- Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, Revision 1983 -- Inter-Club New York Produce Exchange Agreement, 1984 -- UNCTAD Resolution on Maritime Fraud (Geneva, 1984) -- VII. Bibliography -- Books -- Book Reviews -- Book Notices -- Titles Received -- Journals -- Reference of Articles published in: ‘Anuario de Derecho Maritimo’ (vol. III: 1984); ‘Assicurazioni’ (1984); ‘CMI News Letter’ (1984); ‘European Transport Law’ (vol. XIX, 1984); ‘Il Diritto Marittimo’ (vol. LXXXVI, 1984); ‘Journal of Business Law’ (1984); ‘Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce’ (1984); ‘Le Droit Maritime Français’ (1984); ‘Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly’ (1984) -- VIII. Index -- Table of Cases -- Ships’ Names.
    Abstract: I. The importance of legal questions related to the sea is obvious to everyone. It is hardly surprising that the subjects that make up international current events illustrate the leading role played by maritime affairs. Indeed, it is no coincidence that three quarters of the earth's surface is covered by oceans. Territorial seas, exclusive economic zones, exploitation of the seabed, fishing, transport, insurance, collision, and pollution raise many unresolved questions. On the other hand, the contrast of this importance with the modest attention that existing periodical publications merit must be underscored. Without undervaluing these publications, there has been a need for some time to create a vehicle of common expression, based on three central tenets: interdisciplinary framework, tendency towards uniform law, and both a theoretical and practical approach. a. A framework of interdisciplinary nature seems to be relevant as it is desirable to overcome the artificial separation between public and private law.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401197083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Aspects of Robotics -- USA perspectives on the integration of robots into the factory of the future -- Research and development programmes in computer-integrated manufacturing in Europe -- Robotics research and development in 1985: a Japanese perspective -- Tactile sensors for robots: a review -- New manufacturing concepts — the plant engineer’s perspective -- Robotics — some wider implications -- 2: Current Developments: Overviews and National Funding Programmes -- 3: World Directory of Robotics Research and Development Activities -- 4: World Index of Research and Development Centres -- 5: World Index of Robotics Researchers -- 6: Subject Index to Research Activities -- 7: Further Information.
    Abstract: How quickly the technological 'flavour of the month' changes. At the beginning of the 1980's many saw 'robotics' as being something of a pana­ cea for those problems in the manufacturing industries which had been exacerbated by the world recession. Those working at the time in the field of robotics stressed that robots themselves were only part of the solution. Yet in many quarters the 'hype' for the new technology apparently knew few bounds, resulting, inexorably, in many industries painfully discover­ ing for themselves a new realism, closely followed by disillusionment. In its wider sense the term 'robotics' covers an extremely broad spec­ trum of technologies ranging from extremely flexible, highly sensory and integrated systems capable of handling a very diverse product range, through to comparatively inflexible, high volume systems which can merely handle slightly different variations of the same basic product. As a result of the one 'buzzword' referring to such a variety of actual system­ types, the disillusionment which started to become apparent during the early 1980's acted as something of a double edged sword. A given com­ pany might consider a particular robotics-based technological solution to its production problems, find that it was unsuitable, and so renounce all robotics approaches as inappropriate. Yet just because one position on that spectrum of technological solutions was unsuitable for the company should not have led them to assume that there was no other robotics solu­ tion that was appropriate.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789401577274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 229 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: The Norm as Thought and as Reality -- Law as Institutional Fact -- Facts and Fact-Descriptions -- On Analytical Jurisprudence -- Beyond Positivism and Natural Law -- Law, Morality and Positivism -- The Analytico-Dialectical Theory of Justice: A Sketch of an Action-Theoretical and Non-Cognitivist Theory of Justice -- Institutional Morality and the Constitution -- The Limits of Rationality in Legal Reasoning -- The Conditio Humana and the Ideal of Justice.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400944107
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (900 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 2
    Series Statement: Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Arts.
    Abstract: Since the second half of the last century art historians, realizing that the image of Rembrandt’s work had become blurred with time, have attempted to redefine the artist’s significance both as a source of inspiration to other artists and as a great artist in his own right. In order to carry on the work started by previous generations, a group of leading Dutch art historians from the university and museum world joined forces in the late 1960s in order to study afresh the paintings usually ascribed to the artist. The researchers came together in the Rembrandt Research Project which was established to provide the art world with a new standard reference work which would serve the community of art historians for the nearby and long future. They examined the originals of all works attributed to Rembrandt taking full advantage of today’s sophisticated techniques including radiography, neutron activation autoradiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis - thereby gaining valuable insight into the genesis and condition of the paintings. The result of this meticulous research is laid down chronologically in the following Volumes: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume I, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden(1629-1631), published in 1982. THIS VOLUME: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume II, covering his first years in Amsterdam (1631-1634), published in 1986. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume III, goes into his later years of reputation (1635-1642), published in 1990. Each Volume consists of a number of Introductory Chapters as well as the full Catalogue of all paintings from the given time period attributed to Rembrandt. In this catalogue each painting is discussed and examined in a detailed way, comprising a descriptive, an interpretative and a documentary section. For the authenticity evaluation of the paintings three different categories are used to divide the works in: A. Paintings by Rembrandt, B. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be positively either accepted or rejected, and C. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be accepted. This volume (Volume II) contains 900 pages, starting of with five introductory chapters and discussing 101 paintings. In clear and accessible explanatory text all different paintings are discussed, larded with immaculate images of each painting. Details are shown where possible, as well as the results of modern day technical imaging
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789400946460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: The Development of Marx’ Doctrine of Nature and Essence (1841–1845) -- I. Metaphysics and Essence -- II. Doctrine of Nature and Essence -- III. Method -- IV. Epistemology -- Two: The Method and Epistemology of Marx’ Materialist View of the World (1845–1856) -- I. Abandonment of the Doctrine of Essence -- II. Historical Materialism and Method -- III. Historical Materialism and Epistemology -- Three: Marx’ Dialectical Method (1857–1883) -- I. Dialectical Method -- II. Dialectical Method and Hegel -- III. Dialectical Method and Historical Materialism -- IV. Laws and Prediction -- V. Dialectical Method and Epistemology -- VI. Dialectical Method and a New Concept of Essence -- VII. Dialectical Method and the Later Writings -- VIII. Withering Way of Social Science -- IX. Science and Metaphysics -- Four: Engels and Dialectics -- I. Historical Materialism and Determinism -- II. Dialectical Method -- III. Epistemology -- IV. Dialectic of Nature -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Notes.
    Abstract: In recent writings on Marx one finds an increasing interest in his humanism. This phenomenon began in the third decade of our century as a reaction against the mechanistic and stereotyped image of Marx 1 characteristic of the Second International and of Stalinism. Lukacs, in History and Class Consciousness (1923), was one of the first to discover this new Marx, and he did so even before the most important 2 of the humanistic writings of the young Marx had been discovered. With the publication ofthese writings in 1932 - namely, the Economic 3 and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 - this new outlook was given enormous impetus. In these Manuscripts, Marx makes the human being the creator and the goal of alI reality. The objectification of the human essence through labor transforms both society and nature. Labor transforms its wor1d into a place which mirrors, unfolds, and confirms the human being. This humanism is a complex and many-faceted issue. In this book we will be concerned only with a certain part of it, i.e., the epistemology, method, and doctrine of nature which it involves. Other aspects of it - Marx' concept of alienation and his theory of labor and the state -have 4 been dealt with elsewhere.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 184
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Research Programmes and Criteria for Cognitive Success: Some Views from Recent Philosophy of Science -- 1. Popper’s view on scientific progress -- 2. What counts as a proper prediction? -- 3. Lakatos’s view on scientific development: research programmes -- 4. Criteria for a successful research programme -- 5. Guide to the next chapters -- II. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment: The Birth of a New Research Programme -- 1. The prehistory of the nmr experiment -- 2. The nmr experiment and its underlying theory -- 3. Global significance of the nmr experiment: the birth of a new research programme -- 4. Local significance of the first nmr experiments: disconfirming the prevailing theory of the nmr phenomenon -- 5. Gorter’s bad luck, or why he did not win a Nobel prize -- III. Lakatos’s Theory and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Conceptual Adequacy of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The descriptive claims connected with Lakatos’s theory of scientific development -- 2. The nmr programme and the conceptual adequacy of Lakatos’s theory -- 3. A first modification of Lakatos’s theory -- IV. The Development of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Explanatory Failure of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The BPP theory of nuclear magnetic relaxation; its Lakatosian merits; and some methodological problems encountered in establishing such merits -- 2. Line shapes in solids -- 3. Nmr phenomena in metals -- 4. The chemical shift -- 5. A shift in liquids due to paramagnetic ions -- 6. The hyper fine splitting -- 7. Remarks on later developments of the nmr programme -- 8. Conclusions -- V. Theories from the Nmr Programme as Theories of Measurement: Resolving the Anomaly -- 1. Nmr theories as theories of measurement -- 2. The phenomena being observed in applying theories of nmr belong to other domains -- 3. The dependence of the nmr programme on extrinsic success -- VI. The Structure of Theory Development: The Nmr Programme Seen from the Structuralist Perspective -- 1. The structuralist perspective on “normal science” -- 2. The theory net representing the nmr programme -- 3. The nature of the elaboration relation 190 -- 4. Elucidation of the “conceptual” terms of Lakatos’s theory -- VII. Intrinsic Success and Extrinsic Success of Research Programmes; A Model of Scientific Development Unifying the Approaches of Lakatos and the Starnberg School -- 1. External influentiability according to the Starnberg school; two successive models -- 2. The limitations of Lakatos’s model and of the Starnberg finalization model -- 3. Intrinsic success and extrinsic success of research programmes -- 4. Links with the views of the physicists: Weisskopf, Casimir, Weinberg -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: From the nineteen sixties onwards a branch of philosophy of science has come to development, called history-oriented philosophy of science. This development constitutes a reaction on the then prevailing logical empiricist conception of scientific knowledge. The latter was increasingly seen as suffering from insurmountable internal problems, like e. g. the problems with the particular "observational-theoretical distinction" on which it drew. In addition the logical empiricists' general approach was increasingly criticized for two external shortcomings. Firstly, the examples of scientific knowledge that the logical empiricists were focusing on were con­ sidered as too simplistic to be informative on the nature of real life science. Secondly, it was felt that the attention of these philosophers of science was restricted to the static aspects of scientific knowledge, while neglecting its developmental aspects. History-oriented philosophy of science has taken up the challenge implicit in the latter two criticisms, i. e. to develop accounts of science that would be more adequate for understanding the development 1 of real life science. One of the more successful products of this branch of philosophy of science is Lakatos's theory of scientific development, sometimes called the "methodology of scientific research programmes". This theory conceives science as consisting of so called research program­ mes developing in time, and competing with each other over the issue which one generates the best explan~tions of the phenomena that they address.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789400963931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (355p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: Kant as Physician of the Soul -- Spiritual Medicine: Placebo and Prevention -- Data and Regulation -- The Anomaly of the Supersensible -- The Limits of Knowledge -- The Leibnizian Background -- Kant and DGM -- A Summary of Things to Come -- I/Metaphysical Explanation in Leibniz: The Monads -- The Monadology -- Perception and Perspective -- Results to be Noted -- The Received View of the Origins of the Monadology -- Stress Yield Points and Pain Thresholds -- A New Reading of Leibniz -- The Monads Again -- Leibniz’ Gnostic Background -- The Transition to DGM -- Some High Stress Yield Points of Leibniz -- From the Monads to Kant -- II/Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- The Methodological Angel -- Angelic Explanation -- Galileo and Plato -- The God’s-eye View -- Empirical Adequacy -- Mechanical Methodism -- Angelic Alchemy -- Angelic Logic -- A Metaphysical Problem -- A Speculative Postscript -- III/Kant, ESP, and the Inaugural Dissertation -- Kant’s Departure from Leibniz: First Stage -- Kant’s Interest in the Paranormal -- Departure from Leibniz: Second Stage -- Swedenborg, the Ghostseer -- Why did Kant Write Träume? -- Broad’s Sociological Explanation -- The Question of Anonymity -- The Second Letter to Mendelssohn -- Can Spirits be Located? -- Spiritualism in the Lectures on Metaphysics -- Supersensibility and the Inaugural Dissertation -- The Corpus Mysticum -- Sceptical Conclusions -- Afternote to This Chapter -- Appendix to Chapter III/A Translation of thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (Sect. 4) -- IV/Soemmering and Euler: Space and the Soul -- Space and the Paralogisms -- Sömmering and the sensorium commune -- Euler and the corpus callosum -- Transition to the Critical Philosophy -- V/Kant: Space and the Soul -- Kant’s Space -- The Soul Paralogized -- The Presumed Idealism/Realism Tension in Kant -- VI/Rules, Images and Constructions: Kant’s Constructive Idealism -- Prelminaries -- Kant’s Schemata as Semantical Rules -- An Example of Schematization -- Schemata and the Schwärmerei -- Schemata and Dreams -- Kant’s Constructivist Theory of Mathematics: Intuition and Sensation -- Appearances as Apparitional Contents -- Terminology Summarized -- The Epistemic Rôle of Sensations -- Construction and A Priori Intuition -- Defining and Inventing Concepts -- Application and Objectification -- Construction in Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: an Example -- Rules and Examples -- Again: the Question of Applicability -- VII/Kant’s DGM: Two Fundamental Principles of Methodology -- A World Without the Angels -- The Needs and Demands of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Noumenal -- The Regulative Employment of Ideas of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Regulative -- VIII/Kant’s DGM: Hypotheses in Science -- Double Government and Other Methodologies -- Methods as Part of the Empirical Content of Science -- Methodology: the Hypothetical and the Possible -- Methodology: Hypothesis and Explanation -- Hypothesis and Explanation -- Nature and Lawlikeness -- Points of Logic -- Hypotheses and DGM -- The Question of Ontology -- IX/Kant’s DGM: The Restoration of Teleology -- Remembering Leibniz -- The Solution of the Third Antinomy -- Two Concepts of Freedom -- Twists in a Famous Argument -- Two Unpromising Alternatives -- Again: the Epistemological Turn -- The Problem of the Thing-in-Itself in General Form -- Lewis White Beck’s ‘only way out of the dilemma’ -- Understanding and Understandability -- Teleology and the Supersensible Substrate -- The Mechanism/Teleology Antinomy -- Leibniz and Kant: the Double Government Methodology -- Central Nervous System/Philosophers as Dieticians of the Mind -- Kant’s Interest in Psychopathology -- Diseases of the Head -- The Schwärmerei in Religion -- Kant’s Late Nosology of Mental Diseases -- Kant’s Dietetic of the Mind -- A Gerontological Dietetic of the Mind -- The Point of All of This.
    Abstract: This is a book about dreaming and knowing, and about thinking that one can ascertain the difference. It is a book about the Bernards of the world who would have us believe that there is a humanly uncreated world existing en Boi that freely dis­ closes its forever fixed ontology, even though they too must accept that -many of the worlds we make as we try to under­ stand ourselves are counterfeit. It is a book about the real estate of the human mind. The book is about Leibniz and Kant, and about methods of science. It is also about what is now called pseudo-science. It tries to show how Kant struggled to mark the limits of the humanly knowable, and how thi s strug­ gle involved him in trying to answer questions of importance then and now. Some are philosophers' questions: the epistemo­ logical status of mathematics, the role of space and time in knowing, the nature of the conceptual constraints on our ef­ forts to hypothesize the possible. Some are questions of per­ ennial human interest: Can spirits exist? How is the soul re­ lated to the body? How can we legitimately talk about God, if at all? Finally, Kant teaches that these are all questions bearing on our entitlements in claiming to know. Leibniz fashioned a way of talking about nature and super­ nature that I call the Double Government Methodology.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789400945005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 88
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 88
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems and Methods of Analysis -- 2. Science and Philosophy; Newton and Leibniz -- 3. ‘Absolute’ and ‘Relative’ Space -- 4. Newton’s Theory of Space and the Space Theory of Newtonianism -- 5. The Leibniz-Newton Discussion and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence -- One/Element and System in Classical Mechanics -- I. Newton’s Justification of the Theory of Absolute Space -- II. Leibniz’s Foundations of Dynamics -- III. The Discussion Between Leibniz and Newton on the Concept of Science -- Two/Element and System in Modern Philosophy -- IV. The Concept of Element in 17th Century Natural Philosophy -- V. The Concept of Element in the Systematic Philosophy of Hobbes -- VI. The Concept of Element in 18th Century Social Philosophy -- VII. The Relationship Between Natural and Social Philosophy in the Work of Newton, Rousseau, and Smith -- Three/On the Social History of the Bourgeois Concept of the Individual -- VIII. England Before the Revolution -- IX. The Antifeudal Social Philosophy of Hobbes -- X. The Rise of Civil Society in England -- XI. Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society -- XII. Civil Society and Analytic-Synthetic Method -- Four/Atom and Individual -- XIII. The Bourgeois Individual and the Essential Properties of a Particle in Newton’s Thought -- XIV. Element and System in the Philosophy of Leibniz -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- List of Abbreviations -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In this stimulating investigation, Gideon Freudenthal has linked social history with the history of science by formulating an interesting proposal: that the supposed influence of social theory may be seen as actual through its co­ herence with the process of formation of physical concepts. The reinterpre­ tation of the development of science in the seventeenth century, now widely influential, receives at Freudenthal's hand its most persuasive statement, most significantly because of his attention to the theoretical form which is charac­ teristic. of classical Newtonian mechanics. He pursues the sources of the parallels that may be noted between that mechanics and the dominant philosophical systems and social theories of the time; and in a fascinating development Freudenthal shows how a quite precise method - as he descriptively labels it, the 'analytic-synthetic method' - which underlay the Newtonian form of theoretical argument, was due to certain interpretive premisses concerning particle mechanics. If he is right, these depend upon a particular stage of con­ ceptual achievement in the theories of both society and nature; further, that the conceptual was generalized philosophically; but, strikingly, Freudenthal shows that this concept-formation itself was linked to the specific social relations of the times of Newton and Hobbes.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400943391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- Introduction: Gnosis and the scope of philosophizing in Ved?nta -- That which philosophy and philosophizing are about and the thought which pertains to it -- I. Thought as approached from human consciousness as the ground -- II. Thought as approached from the correspondence of being to being as the ground -- III. Thought as approached from gnosis as the ground -- I: Gnosis and philosophical thought in the ?g Veda -- The text of the ?g Veda -- The Veda and the Vedas; the Veda meaning idea -- ?g Vedic Mantras -- V?k and the Vedic telling -- The continuing currency of thought through concrete speculation -- II: Gnosis and philosophical thought in the Upanisads -- The texts of the Upani?ads -- The meaning of the word upani?ad -- The Upani?ads as the culmination of Vedic Relation -- The Centrality of Brahman/?tman in the Upanisads -- Description of Brahman/?tman -- Gnosis and thought -- III: Gnosis and philosophical thought in the Bhagavadg?t? -- Commentary on the Bhagavadg?t? -- The G?t? and Brahma-vidy? -- The philosophy of the G?t?: the fundamental outlook -- The teaching about the two observances expanded into a comprehensive horizon -- The conclusion -- IV: Gnosis and philosophical thought in the Brahma S?tra -- The arrangement of the text -- The circle of gnosis philosophy -- A preliminary statement based on the first four S?tras -- Cause the primordial question -- The unfolding of the system in the main body of the Bh?sya -- Notes and additional references.
    Abstract: It would probably be generally admitted that Vedanta is the apex of the Indian (or Eastern) religious philosophies. Yet today it com­ mands so little attention, in part, no doubt, because the modem mood in scholarship refuses anchoring and centering of thought. The present work seeks to address modem thought though not in the modem mood. It is nevertheless motivated by the belief that there are times when the timeless is most timely. It is possible that the sources of a tradition such as Vedanta, if approached propefIy, will yield somethIng which can be brought within the ambience of the contemporary philosophical quest, at least of its still largely unmanifest undercurrents. The present work is intended to be an act, imperfect as it is, in that direction. That marks the difference of this project, called Gnosis and the Question of Thought in Vedanta, from customary studies in Indol­ ogy. The term "gnosis" as employed in this context is a translation of its cognate Sanskrit term jfiana, the latter, however, having a much wider range of meaning than the former, especially in view of the latter's appropriation for a specific usage by the Gnostic traditions of both the East and the West. In the general expression of Vedanta too the Gnostic understanding ofjfiana has undoubtedly persisted especially in the so-called jfiana-marga, or "way of gnosis", made popular from early medieval times on.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789400945241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 1
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Economics
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789400946989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 2
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Economics
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400945524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 181
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Logic. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- General Introduction -- Putting Frege in Perspective -- II Semantics and Epistemology -- Frege and Vagueness -- Semantic Content and Cognitive Sense -- Objectivity and Objecthood: Frege’s Metaphysics of Judgment -- Frege on Truth -- Frege on Existence -- III Logical Theory -- Frege’s Proof of Referentiality -- Frege, Russell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction -- Frege’s Technical Concepts: Some Recent Developments -- IV Philosophy of Mathematics -- Frege, Dedekind, and the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Continuity and Change in Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics -- Grundgesetze, Section 10 -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: cake, even though it is typically given the pride of place in expositions in Frege's semantics. As a part of this attempted reversal of emphasis, Jaakko Hintikka has also called attention to the role Frege played in convincing almost everyone that verbs for being had to be treated as multiply ambiguous between the "is" of identity, the "is" of predication, the "is" of existence, and the "is" of class-inclusion - a view that had been embraced by few major figures (if any) before Frege, with the exception of John Stuart Mill and Augustus De Morgan. Hintikka has gone on to challenge this ambiguity thesis. At the same time, Frege's role in the genesis of another major twentieth-century philosophical movement, the phenomenological one, has become an important issue. Even the translation of Frege's key term "Bedeutung" as "reference" has become controversial. The interpretation of Frege is thus thrown largely back in the melting pot. In editing this volume, we have not tried to publish the last word on Frege. Even though we may harbor such ambitions ourselves, they are not what has led to the present editorial enterprise. What we have tried to do is to bring together some of the best ongoing work on Frege. Even though the ultimate judgment on our success lies with out readers, we want to register our satisfaction with all the contributions.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789400946668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: 1. The Historical Background -- 2. Bhart?hari on Individuals and Universals -- Translations from the J?tisamudde?a -- 3. Dign?ga against Bhart?hari -- Translations from the Pram?nasamuccaya, Chapter 5 -- 4. Dign?ga -- Translations from Pram?nasamuccaya, Chapter 2.8–11 -- Translations from Slokav?rttika 5.4. 34–47 -- Translations from Pram?nasamuccaya 2.30–36 -- 5. Dharmak?rti -- Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The Viikyapadiya of Bhartrhari and the Pramii1Jasamuccaya of Dignaga • are seminal texts in the history of ancient Indian philosophy. One text deals with grammar, the other with logic, both are the work of committed metaphysicians. Written within a span of less than a hundred years, between the fifth and the sixth centuries A.D., these texts have generally been treated separately, as representing independent schools of thought. This essay attempts to interpret these texts jointly, as a dialogue between a grammarian and a logician. This way of approaching these texts highlights unexpected facets of Bhartrhari's and Dignaga's theories of language and is intended to identify the individual achievements of each. Above all, this treatment is an exercise in writing the intellectual history of a period in time, rather than a history of a school of philosophy. The prevailing view of Bhartrhari holds that his linguistic techniques are not intrinsic to his metaphysics. The conclusions reached in the present essay are that Bhartrhari's metaphysics underlie his linguistic techniques and articulate their presuppositions. The prevailing view of Dignaga maintains that for him language deals with illusory entities and must falsify what is real. The conclusions reached in the present essay are that Dignaga's logical rules are designed to ensure that in using language one is not committed to a belief in fictional entities. My debt to modern scholarship in the field is considerable.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789400947863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 34
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Statistics ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Probabilities. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: V. M. Joshi and the Markov Oscillation Problem -- Probabilistic Models of the Photographic Process -- A Stochastic Model for the Effect of Incident Light Intensity on CO2 Uptake in Leaves -- An Application of Some Curve-Crossing Results for Stationary Stochastic Processes to Stochastic Modelling of Metal Fatigue -- Limit Theorems Arising in Soil Erosion Modelling -- Fitting Cosines: Some Procedures and Some Physical Examples -- The Convergence of the Solution of a Boltzmann Type Equation Related to Quantum Mechanics -- Some Recent Work in Epidemic Models -- Transience in a Queueing System with a Finite Number of Locally Interacting Servers -- Central Limit Theorems for Cluster Point Processes -- Asymptotic Theory of Estimation in Nonlinear Regression -- Likelihood Asymptotics for the Discrimination Problem -- On Fréchet Bounds of Bivariate Distributions -- Strong Limit Theorems for Sums of Random Variables Defined on a Finite Markov Chain -- On Admissibility and Uniform Admissibility in Finite Population Sampling -- Overlooked Correlation in Finite Population Inference -- Ideas from the Foundations of Sampling Applied to the One-Way Layout -- Analytic Uses of Survey Data: A Review -- Estimators of the Factor Model for Survey Data -- Some Experiences in Computing Estimates and Their Variances Using Data from Complex Survey Designs -- Estimation of the Characteristics of Rare Animals Based on Inverse Sampling at the Second Occasion -- Identifying Rational Opinion-Formation with the Overlapping Information Model.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "carnera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789400947924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 37
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Hydraulic engineering ; Statistics ; Civil engineering ; Geology.
    Abstract: A Markov Model for Sedimentation: Fundamental Issues and Insights -- The Use and Abuse of Multivariate Time Series Models in Hydrology -- Autoregressive Empirical Modelling of Multiple Precipitation Time Series -- Simulation of Monthly Hydrological Time Series -- A Stochastic Modelling of Tidal Current Measurements -- Solutions to Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations in Catchment Modelling -- Stochastic Partial Differential Equations in Hydrology -- On the Outputs of the Stochasticized Nash-Dooge Linear Reservoir Cascade -- Nearest Neighbor Methods for Time Series, with Application to Rainfall/Runoff Prediction -- Application of Nonparametric Density Estimation to Computation of Flood Magnitude/Frequency -- Tests for the Extreme-Value and Weibull Distributions: Some Recent Developments -- Statistical Approach to Floods.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank alI of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie BeU, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tamowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, J ackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789400945043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 371 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: 1. Social Norms and External Evaluation -- 2. Mathematics as a School Subject -- 3. Teachers’ Cognitive Activities -- 4. Textual Analysis -- 5. What Is a Text? -- 6. Observing Students at Work -- 7. Task and Activity -- 8. Classroom Organisation and Dynamics.
    Abstract: BACOMET cannot be evaluated solely on the basis of its publications. It is important then that the reader, with only this volume on which to judge both the BACOMET activities and its major outcome to date, should know some­ thing of what preceded this book's publication. For it is the story of how a group of educators, mainly tutors of student-teachers of mathematics, com­ mitted themselves to a continuing period of work and self-education. The concept of BACOMET developed during a series of meetings held in 1978-79 between the three editors, Bent Christiansen, Geoffrey Howson and Michael Otte, at which we expressed our concern about the contributions from mathematics education as a discipline to teacher education, both as we observed it and as we participated in it. The short time which was at the teacher-educator's disposal, allied to the limited knowledge and experience of the students on which one had to build, raised puzzling problems concerning priorities and emphases. The recognition that these problems were shared by educators from many different countries was matched by the fact that it would be fruitless to attempt to search for an internationally (or even nationally) acceptable solution to our problems. Different contexts and traditions rule this out.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: A Theoretical Base -- Reflections on Anaphora -- Center and Periphery in the Grammar of Anaphora -- Fundamental Issues in the Theory of Binding -- B First Language Acquisition: Experimental Studies -- 1. Null (Bound) Anaphora -- How Children Acquire Bound Variables -- 2. Pronoun (Free) Anaphora -- The 3-D Study: Effects of Depth, Distance and Directionality on Children’s Acquisition of Anaphora -- 3. Distinguishing Bound and Free Anaphora -- A Comparison of Null and Pronoun Anaphora in First Language Acquisition -- 4. Control -- Syntactic and Lexical Constraints on the Acquisition of Control in Complement Sentences -- C Commentary -- Crossover Between Acquisition Research and Government and Binding Theory: Comments on the Paper by Tom Roeper -- Blocked Forwards Coreference: Theoretical Implications of the Acquisition Data -- List Of Contributors -- Table of Contents for Volume II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is addressed to a central area' of current linguistics and psycholinguistics: anaphora. It is a collection of independent studies by individuals who are currently working, on probleJ,IlS in this area. The book includes two independent volumes. The major focus of these volumes is a psycholinguistic problem: the first language acquisition of anaphora. The volumes are intended to provide a basic reference source for the study of this one central, critical area of language competence. They combine results from the interdisciplinary study this area has attracted in recent years. Each of the studies collected here is intended to be readable indepen­ dently of the others. Thus a theoretical linguist or psycholinguist may each use this book only in part. Two basic assumptions underlie this collection of studies. (1) Signifi­ cant psycholinguistic study of the problem of first language acquisition requires a basis in linguistic theory. We look to linguistic theory (a) for the formulation of testable hypotheses which are coherent with a general theoretical model of language competence, and which, by empirical confirmation or disconfirmation, will have consequences which can be integra~ed in a general theory of language and of mind. This is because we pursue explanation ~f the problem of firs~ language acquisition, not merely description. (b) We also look to linguistic theory for precision in the description of language stimuli and language behavior in empirical studies. This is in order to promote replicability and interpretability of empirical results: .
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789400942295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Critical Inquiry for School Renewal: Liberating Theory and Practice -- 2 A Critical Perspective on Administration and Organization in Education -- 3 An Alternative and Critical Perspective for Clinical Supervision in Schools -- 4 Reformulating the Evaluation Process -- Reflections -- 5 On Critical Theory and Educational Practice -- 6 Teaching as Reflective Practice -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Major "paradigm shifts"-replacing one "world view" with another­ regarding what constitutes appropriate knowledge do not happen over­ night. Centuries usually intervene in the process. Even minor shifts­ admitting alternative world views into the domain of legitimate knowledge­ producing theory and practice-require decades of controversy, especially, it seems to us, in the field of education. It has only been in the last 20 years or so that the educational research community has begun to accept the "scientific" credibility of the qualitative approaches to inquiry such as participant observation, case study, ethnogra­ phy, and the like. In fact, these methods, with their long and distinguished philosophical traditions in phenomenology, have really only come into their own within the last decade. The critical perspective on generating and evaluating knowledge and practice-what this book is mostly about-is in many ways a radical depar­ ture from both the more traditional quantitative and qualitative perspec­ tives. The traditional approaches, in fact, are far more similar to one another than they are to the critical perspective. This is the case, in our view, for one crucial reason: Both the more quantitative, empirical-analytic and qualitative, interpretive traditions share a fundamental epistemological commitment: they both eschew ideology and human interests as explicit components in their paradigms of inquiry. Ideology and human interests, however, are the "bread and butter" of a critical approach to inquiry.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400945968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Tractatus Brevis -- First Principles of the Metaphysics of Life Charting the Human Condition: Man’s Creative Act and the Origin of Rationalities -- I The Network and Tentacles of Individual Existence -- Man as the Junction of Yin-Yang Relationships and Cosmic Heart: A Phenomeno- logical Interpretation of Some Chinese Ancient Texts about Human Nature -- Mastery in Eternal Recurrence -- The Development of the Sciences in Relation to Human Life: Existence Irreducible to Scientific Vision -- The Problem of the Autonomy of Human Existence in Heidegger’s Later Philosophy -- II Nature, Spirit, Soul -- De la nature à l’esprit par l’expérience humaine -- The Philosophy of Kant and a Theory of Subjectivity -- Human Nature and Mind in Martin Heidegger -- The Nature-Being Principle: A Consideration from Chu Hsi -- III The Spatio-Temporal Arteries of Individual Existence -- Du corps à la chair: Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Toward a Genetic Phenomenology of Space Through a Critical Approach to Piaget -- Temps et finitude chez Husserl -- Man and History -- IV Some Further Perspectives Upon the Human Condition -- From Phenomenology to an Axio- Centric Ontology of the Human Condition -- The Human Condition: A Perspectival View -- “Thinking” in a World of Appearances: Hannah Arendt between Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger -- The Hero as the Spiritual Legacy of His Culture: Wen T’ien-Hsiang and His Admirers -- The Piety of Thinking: Heidegger’s Pathway to Comparative Philosophy -- The Modern Age as a Transitional Period: An Essay on Metaphenomenology -- Closure -- The Interdisciplinary Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition: A Dialogue between Chinese and Occidental Philosophy in Meeting the Challenge of Our Times -- Index of Names.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400942271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I Background -- 1 Educational Research and Educational Systems -- 2 The Pittsburgh Experience -- II Generalizations About Decision-Oriented Educational Research -- 3 Client Orientation -- 4 The Importance of Being Methodologically Eclectic -- 5 Monitoring Indicators and Tailoring Practice -- 6 Computer-Based Information Systems -- 7 Program Documentation -- 8 Understanding Achievement Test Results -- 9 Utilization and the Role of the Dissemination Process -- 10 Summary, Conclusions, and Implications -- III The Case Histories -- Case History 1 Elementary School Achievement Study -- Case History 2 Achievement Implications of Grade Reorganization -- Case History 3 Evaluation of Project Pass -- Case History 4 A District-Wide Needs Assessment -- Case History 5 Documenting the Development of a School Improvement Program -- Case History 6 Title I Program for Secondary Students -- Case History 7 Middle-School Needs Assessment -- Case History 8 Computer-Based Information Systems -- Case History 9 Documenting the Development of a Secondary Teacher Center -- Case History 10 The Use of Achievement Test Results in Personnel Evaluation -- Case History 11 Selection of a New Reading Program -- References.
    Abstract: Decision-Oriented Educational Research considers a form of educational research that is designed to be directly relevant to the current information requirements of those who are shaping educational policy or managing edu­ cational systems. It was written for those who plan to conduct such research, as well as for policy makers and educational administrators who might have such research conducted for them. The book is divided into three main parts. Part I is background. Chapter 1 describes some of the basic themes that are woven throughout subsequent chapters on decision-oriented research. These themes include the impor­ tance of taking a systems view of educational research; of understanding the nature of decision and policy processes and how these influence system re­ search; of integrating research activities into the larger system's processes; of the role of management in the research process; of researchers and managers sharing a sense of educational purposes; and of emphasizing system improvement as a basic goal of research process. Chapter 2 is a discussion of the background of the research activities that form the bases of this book. Our collaboration with the Pittsburgh public school system is described, as are the methods and structure we used to build the case histories of our work with the district. Part II, encompassing chapters 3 through 9, addresses basic generaliza­ tions about decision-oriented educational research that we have derived from our experiences.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789400947245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 10
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: I The Design of Knowledge Society -- The Growing Impact of Scientific Knowledge on Social Relations -- Finite Human Capacities and the Pattern of Social Stratification in a Knowledge Society -- II The Social Role of Men of Knowledge -- Demarcation as a Strategy of Exclusion: Philosophers and Sophists -- Scientists Protect Their Cognitive Authority: The Status Degradation Ceremony of Sir Cyril Burt -- The Reproduction of Objective Knowledge: Common Sense Reasoning in Medical Decision Making -- III Processes of Scientification -- The Scientification of Police Work -- The Scientification of Architecture -- Knowledge Form and Scientific Community: Early Experimental Biology and the Marine Biological Laboratory.
    Abstract: The original essays collected here under the general title of The Knowledge Society were first commissioned for a conference held in the late fall of 1984 at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, West Germany. The conference in Darmstadt saw a larger number of contribu­ tions presented than could be accommodated in this edition of the Sociol­ ogy of the Sciences Yearbook. However, all contributions were important and affected those published in this collection. We are therefore grateful to all participants of the Darmstadt conference for their presentations and for their intense, useful as well as thoughtful discussion of all papers. Those chosen for publication in the Yearbook and those undoubtedly to be published elsewhere have all benefitted considerably from our discussions in Darmstadt which also included a number of the members of the edito­ rial board of the Yearbook. In addition, we are pleased that the authors were able to read and comment further on each other's papers prior to publication. As is the case in every endeavor of this kind, we have incurred many debts and are only able to acknowledge these at this point publicly while expressing our sincere thanks and appreciation for all the intellectual sup­ port and the considerable labor invested by a number of persons in the realization of the collection.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789400942219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 An Overview and Some Foundations -- 2 The Evaluate-Your-Instruction Process -- 3 The Evaluation of Productivity, Quality, and Quality-with-Equity in Education -- 4 The Learning Event: A High School’s Math Program for the College Bound -- 5 The Learning Event: the Reading Comprehension Program in a K-8 Elementary School -- 6 An Objectives-Driven Example: Certain Language Arts Basic Skills -- 7 A Cross-Cutting, Interdisciplinary Learning Event: The Character Development of the Students in a K-12 District -- 8 Testing Issues Germane to Evaluating Your Instruction -- 9 Instructional Monitoring with Maximum Performance Tests -- 10 Self-Report and Typical Performance Measures -- References -- Appendix A Mathematics Basic Skills Objective List -- Appendix B Objectives for Capitalization, Punctuation, Grammar Terms, and Grammar Usage.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400945388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Human Person and the Human Sciences -- The Moral Sense and the Human Person within the Fabric of Communal Life -- Psychiatry in Quest after Orientation -- The Moral Sense and Health Care -- On a Sociocultural Conception of Health and Disease -- The Education of a Medical Student -- II The Moral Sense in Psychiatry: the Switch From the Isolating Approach to that of “Transacting” with the other -- The Moral Sense and the Invisible Object -- The Genesis of a Purposeful Self -- The Unfolding of“Benevolent Sentiment” as the Basis of Psychotherapy -- Clinical Phenomenology as the“De- mythologising” of Psychiatry: The Movement toward the Other -- Theoretical Foundations of Psychiatry: The (K)not of Being as a (W)hole -- III Circuits of Communication -- A Phenomenological Approach to Language Acquisition and Autism in Terms of a Motor Unconscious -- Process Ethics and the Political Question -- IV Psychic Circuits of Sensibility and Morally Significant Spontaneities -- Natural Spontaneities and Morality in Confucian Philosophy -- Pathei Mathos — The Knowledge of Suffering -- Le visible et le tangible comme paradigmes du savoir -- V The Life-World and The Specifically Moral Significance of the Communal/Social World -- The Constitution of the Human Community: Value Experience in the Thought of Edmund Husserl; an Axiological Approach to Ethics -- Inter subjectivity and the Value of the Other -- Phenomenological Conceptions of the Life-World -- Controversies about Humanism in Sociology -- The Function of Norms in Social Existence -- Chinese Values: A Sociologist’s View -- The Moral A Priori and the Diversity of Cultures -- Index of Names.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789400943667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Ulama, Sufis and Colonial Rule in North India and Indonesia -- Islam in Southern India: ‘Purist’ or ‘Syncretic’? -- Aristocracies under Colonial Rule: North India and Java -- Administrative Tradition and the Dilemma of Colonial Rule: An Example of the Early 1830s -- Two Colonial Revolts: The Java War, 1825–30, and the Indian ‘Mutiny’ of 1857–59 -- The Cultivation System and its Impact on the Dutch Colonial Economy and the Indigenous Society in Nineteenth-Century Java -- Famine and Food Supply in Java 1830–1914 -- State and Adat -- The Taxation of Agriculture in British India and Dutch Indonesia.
    Abstract: by C. A. Bayly and D. H. A. Kolff The papers published in this volume were originally presented at two meetings of the Cambridg~-Leiden group for the comparative study of colonial India and Indonesia he1d in June 1979 and September 1982. These meetings were jointly sponsored by the Centre for the History of European Expansion at Leiden and the Centre for South Asian Studies at Cambridge. The Cambridge Centre had been restricted to the study of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma and Nepal but had recently incorporated Southeast Asia into its area of interest; the Leiden Centre, which had encouraged comparative study from the beginning, necessarily found itself concentrating attention on Indonesias as the most important region of the former Dutch colonial empire. The meetings were intended to be exploratory, as much to alert the participants to work being done in the respective countries and to their different types of academic discourse as to compare 'India' and 'Indonesia'. Nor were the meetings intended to be exclusive. Scholars from several British and Netherlands Universities were involved from the beginning. More recently a wider series of conferences has been inaugurated. This brings scholars in India and Indonesia into a project wich seeks to develop the comparisons between the * two colonial societies on a more systematic basis.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789401164863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: World Industry Studies 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Technology and its Diffusion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 CNC lathe technology -- 2.3 Choice of technique in turning -- 2.4 The factor-saving bias of CNC lathes -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Growth and Market Structure in the International CNC Lathe Industry -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A theoretical framework for analysing the industry -- 3.3 The Japanese expansion in the CNC lathe industry -- 3.4 The European response -- 3.5 A note on the US producers -- 3.6 Concluding remarks on the strategies pursued by firms based in the OECD -- Notes -- 4 Barriers to entry into the Overall Cost Leadership Strategy -- 4.1 Research and Development -- 4.2 Procurement of components -- 4.3 Manufacturing -- 4.4 Marketing and after-sales services -- 4.5 An attempt to specify the minimum efficient scale of production -- Notes -- 5 The position of the NICs within the CNC Lathe Industry -- 5.1 The position of eight NIC-based firms within the low-performance strategy -- Notes -- 6 The Case of Argentina -- 6.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 6.2 The Argentinian machine tool industry -- 6.3 Government policy -- 6.4 The diffusion of CNC lathes in Argentina -- 6.5 The firm producing CNC lathes -- 6.6 Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- 7 The Case of Taiwan -- 7.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 7.2 The Taiwanese machine tool industry -- 7.3 Government policy -- 7.4 The diffusion of CNC lathes in Taiwan -- 7.5 The firms producing CNC lathes -- 7.6 Government policy in the machine tool field -- 7.7 Evaluating the explicit governmental policy -- 7.8 Summary and conclusions -- Note -- 8 The Case of Korea -- 8.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 8.2 The Korean machine tool industry -- 8.3 Government policy -- 8.4 The Korean market for CNC lathes -- 8.5 The firms producing CNC lathes -- 8.6 Evaluating governmental policy -- 8.7 Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- 9 Government Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Survey of the main arguments -- 9.3 Government policy and industry performance in Argentina, Korea and Taiwan -- 9.4 Industry performance and implications for government policy in small developed countries -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Notes -- 10 Summary -- 10.1 The diffusion of CNC lathes -- 10.2 The international CNC lathe producing industry -- 10.3 The NIC experience -- 10.4 Government policies -- References.
    Abstract: There is a rapidly expanding literature on the economics of the so­ called 'new technologies' - especially on those using microelectronic systems. Dr. Jacobsson's book deals with microelectronics-based innovation in machine tools: with the production and use of computer numerically controlled machine tools in the world economy and especially in the Third World. Jacobsson is mainly interested in the implications which CNC machine tools may be expected to have for users and producers in the Newly Industrialising Countries. He approaches this as a problem in applied economics and the book will have a primary interest for those economists whose concern is with the problems of industrialisation in developing countries. It will be parti­ cularly valuable to those who are preoccupied with the role of local capital goods manufacture and with the technological preconditions for this kind of production. Jacobsson is able to give detailed and specific arguments on these matters as far as CNC machine tools are concerned. In my view, the book has a considerably wider interest and relevance than its specification may at first sight suggest. Jacobsson's achieve­ ment is not just that he has provided valuable and convincing quantita­ tive arguments about policy in setting up production of CNC machine tools. In addition, he has set a new and much needed methodological standard for analysis of the impacts of 'new technologies' on the international economy.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: The Nature of Scientific Integration -- I: The Coming Together of Biochemistry -- Intermediary Metabolism in the Early Twentieth Century -- Biochemistry: A Cross-Disciplinary Endeavor That Discovered A Distinctive Domain -- Editor’s Commentary -- II: Dobzhansky’s Contribution to the Evolutionary Synthesis -- Relations Among Fields in the Evolutionary Synthesis -- The Synthesis and the Synthetic Theory -- Editor’s Commentary -- III: Incorporating Developmental Biology into The Evolutionary Synthesis -- Can Embryologists Contribute to an Understandin gof Evolutionary Mechanisms? -- A Framework to Think About Evolving Genetic Regulatory Systems -- Developmental Constraints, Generative Entrenchment, and the Innate-Acquired Distinction -- On Integrating the Study of Evolution and of Development -- Editor’s Commentary -- IV: Extending Cognitive Science -- The Evolution of Communicative Capacities -- Language, Thought, and Communication -- Editor’s Commentary -- V: Infusing Cognitive Approaches into Animal Ethology -- Behavior Implies Cognition -- Intelligence: From Genes to Genius in the Quest for Control -- Cognitive Explanations and Cognitive Ethology -- Editor’s Commentary.
    Abstract: Interdisciplinary research has been a popular idea with many people in the last 20 years. Academic administrators have admonished their faculty to become more interdisciplinary. Students often request the chance to pursue an interdisciplinary degree. While the issue of managing interdisciplinary projects has received a fair amount of attention by those interested in science management, interdisciplinary research has received little attention from historians, philosophers or sociologists of science or from scientists themselves. Yet, there l;lre a number of cases within the life sciences where researchers have been actively engaged in endeavors that take them across disciplinary boundaries. These are ripe for investigation by those interested in the process of science. To provide an in-depth study of some historical or contemporary cases of cross­ disciplinary research activity in the life sciences, a conference was held at Georgia State University in May, 1984. This conference was supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (U. S. A. ) through their research conference program. Over a three-day period historians, philosophers, and researchers who were actively engaged in various of the life sciences discussed specific examples of interdisciplinary research and tried to analyze what was needed for successful crossing of disciplinary boundaries. After the conference, each of the participants revised their original presentations, partly in light of the discussion at the conference. The papers in this volume are the fruits of that endeavor.
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