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  • Cham : Imprint: Springer  (52)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Statistics Only Made of Data? : Know-how and Presupposition from the 17th and 19th Centuries (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031512544
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 169 p. 20 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Methodos Series, Methodological Prospects in the Social Sciences 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences. ; Sampling (Statistics). ; Statistics . ; History. ; Science ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Foreword: The Peculiar Meanings of Data -- Chapter 1: Considering Data: Critique and Method -- Chapter 2: Data Arithmetic, Ratios and Mechanical Reasoning in the 17th Century -- Chapter 3: Analytical Probability, Averages and Data Distributions in the 19th Century -- Chapter 4: Idols, Paradigms and Specters in Data Sciences -- List of illustations.-List of references.-General index.
    Abstract: This book examines several epistemological regimes in studies of numerical data over the last four centuries. It distinguishes these regimes and mobilises questions present in the philosophy of science, sociology and historical works throughout the 20th century. Attention is given to the skills of scholars and their methods, their assumptions, and the socio-historical conditions that made calculations and their interpretations possible. In doing so, questions posed as early as Émile Durkheim’s and Ernst Cassirer’s ones are revisited and the concept of symbolic form is put to the test in this particular survey, conducted over long period of time. Although distinct from a methodological and epistemological point of view, today these regimes may be found together in the toolbox of statisticians and those who comment on their conclusions. As such, the book is addressed to social scientists and historians and all those who are interested in numerical productions. This book is a translation of an original French edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-51254-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elusive Phenomena, Unwieldy Things : Historical Perspectives on Experimental Control (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031529542
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 307 p. 26 illus., 7 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 71
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    Keywords: Science ; Philosophy ; Analytical chemistry. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction: Practices, Strategies, and Methodologies of Experimental Control in Historical Perspective (Jutta Schickore) -- Chapter 2. Christoph Scheiner’s The Eye, that is, The Foundation of Optics (1619): The Role of Contrived Experience at the Intersection of Psychology and Mathematics (Tawrin Baker) -- Chapter 3. One Myrtle Proves Nothing: Repeated Comparative Experiments and the Growing Awareness of the Difficulty of Conducting Conclusive Experiments (Caterina Schürch) -- Chapter 4. Controlling Induction: Practices and Reflections in Brewster’s Optical Studies (Friedrich Steinle) -- Chapter 5. Carl Stumpf and Control Groups (Julia Kursell) -- Chapter 6. A “Careful Examination of All Kind of Phenomena”: Methodology and Psychical Research at the End of the Nineteenth Century (Claudia Cristalli) -- Chapter 7. Controlling Nature in the Lab and Beyond: Methodological Predicaments in Nineteenth-Century Botany (Kärin Nickelsen) -- Chapter 8. Controlling the Unobservable: Experimental Strategies and Hypotheses in Discovering the Causal Origin of Brownian Movement (Klodian Coko) -- Chapter 9. From the Determination of the Ohm to the Discovery of Argon: Lord Rayleigh's Strategies of Experimental Control (Vasiliki Christopoulou and Theodore Arabatzis) -- Chapter 10. Controlling Away the Phenomenon: Maze Research and the Nature of Learning (Evan Arnet) -- Chapter 11. Controlling Animals: Carl von Heß, Karl von Frisch and the Study of Color Vision in Fish (Christoph Hoffmann).
    Abstract: This open access book provides a historical treatment of scientific control in experimentation in the longue durée. The introduction distinguishes four related strands in the history of experimental control: the development of practices to stabilize experimental conditions; the career of the comparative design; the unfolding of methodological discussions about control practices and designs; and the history of the term “control”. Each chapter brings these distinctions to bear on specific historical episodes. The focus is on experiments with complex, elusive phenomena such as perception and learning, irregular movements, and unobservable elements. Such experiments bring control issues to the fore because they are difficult to design and stabilize and often controversial. Together, the chapters show that the local context shapes what exactly is controlled, how control can be accomplished, and how controls are justified. They also show that control strategies and methodological ideas often remain stable for a long time and change only gradually. This book, as well as the volume on analysis and synthesis in experimentation by the same editors, contains contributions by an array of experts from multiple disciplines, making it suitable for historians and philosophers of science and students alike.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dispositional Reality : A Novel Approach to Power Ontology and Metaphysics (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031526251
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 246 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 482
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    Keywords: Metaphysics. ; Ontology. ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Reality -- 3. Appearance -- 4. Dispositional Reality -- 5. In favour of Dispositional Reality -- 6. The extent of Dispositional Reality -- 7. Explaining with dispositions -- 8. Meta-explanatory questions -- 9. The future of Dispositional Reality.
    Abstract: Dispositionalism, perhaps the most popular variant of non-Humean metaphysics, submits that dispositions, powers, or capacities, are part of the furniture of the world. In this book I advance an original approach to dispositionalism revolving around the notion of Dispositional Reality; the novelty lies in the fact that the account, unlike most alternatives on the market, does not require the reification of objects, facts, properties, nor their dispositional essences – and is in fact compatible with a far more deflationary approach to dispositions, while still being true to the non-Humean spirit of the proposal. This power metaphysics without powers allows one to dispel several puzzles in recent literature, or recast them under a new light. Albeit with its own peculiarities, this proposal constitutes a variant of explanatory dispositionalism, according to which realism about dispositions ought not to be understood as an ontological inflation, but as an explanatory inversion within the nomic and modal family. Some of these explanations are hereby attempted, and a study of various types of non-causal explanation will be provided.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-52625-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human Minds and Cultures (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031564482
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 196 p. 3 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy of mind. ; Culture ; Science
    Abstract: Preface -- Dedication -- Chapter 1. Introduction (Sanjit Chakraborty) -- Chapter 2. Thoughts on Morality and Culture (Jan Narveson) -- Chapter 3. Values and Cultures (Harry J Gensler) -- Chapter 4. Clashes of Culture (Michael Smith) -- Chapter 5. Hatred – Why Do Such Nice People Do Such Awful Things? (Michael Ruse) -- Chapter 6. Neoliberalism, Globalization and Discrimination in the 21st Century: Issues, Challenges and Limitations of Habermas’ Reason-based Theory of Liberal Democracy in Current Times (Deborah Poff) -- Chapter 7. Legal Emotions: Why Affect Matters for Law (Antara Halder) -- Chapter 8. The Epistemic Argument for Hedonism (Neil Sinhababu) -- Chapter 9. The Interpreting Mind and Meaning-Formation: A Relational Critique of Lyotard … and Ricœur (Gerald Cipriani) -- Chapter 10. Recurring Dilemmas on Other Minds (Sanjit Chakraborty).
    Abstract: This book puts forward a harmonious analysis of similarities and differences between two concepts—human minds and cultures—and strives for a multicultural spectrum of philosophical explorations that could assist them in pondering the striking pursuit of envisaging human minds and cultures as an essential appraisal of philosophy and the social sciences. The book hinges on a theoretical understanding of the indispensable liaison between the dichotomy of minds and objectivity residing in semantic-ontological conjectures. The ethnographic sense of cultures confines the scope of cultural scientism, an evolutionary paradigm on the functionalist turn, where one could enthral the cultural phenomenon from the contentment of the conflict of scientific quandaries. Hence, cultural relativism concedes that cultures have some descriptive contents, like customs, beliefs, moral codes, other minds, etc., that are followed by an individual or a group of people. However, the notion of societal semiotics embarks on the ‘semiotic conception of culture’ that deploys modernity and values centred on ethical conjectures. Human Minds and Cultures conspicuously attune the cultural edifice of moral minds and cope with the enduring prospects of ethics, genders, laws, and socio-political affairs. Essential reading for anyone with a sparkling interest in human minds and cultures.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-56448-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Automated to Autonomous Driving : A Transnational Research History on Pioneers, Artifacts and Technological Change (1950-2000) (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031498817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 307 p. 73 illus., 43 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 70
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science ; Robotics. ; Automotive engineering. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Computer vision.
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. History of the research on vehicle automation in the United States -- Chapter 3. History of the research on vehicle automation in Japan -- Chapter 4. History of the research on vehicle automation in Europe -- Chapter 5. Findings of the inquiry -- Chapter 6. Timeline with firsts, milestones and shifts -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents the most important milestones of the research on automated and autonomous driving in the United States, Japan and Europe throughout five decades (1950-2000). Drawing on sources from the automotive industry, electrical engineering, the robotics and AI-domain and military institutions, it retraces the transition from the guidance-cable approach to vehicle-based sensor and vision systems. Giving a detailed overview of the technical concepts, artefacts, research vehicles and robots, the book presents the transnational engineering efforts that started long before Silicon Valley entered the field. In addition, the book also uniquely details the role of the military in the domain of vehicle automation. This all ensures the book is of great interest to historians of technology, practitioners in engineering disciplines, scholars working in mobility studies, journalists, and political decision makers.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-49881-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Humean Bodies and their Consequences (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031507991
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 189 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Jerusalem Studies in Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I: Interpretation -- Chapter 1. Interpreting Hume on Bodies -- Chapter 2. Arguments in Support of the Idealist Interpretation -- Chapter 3. Meeting Objections to the Idealist Interpretation -- Part II: Metaphysical Consequences of the Idealist Interpretation -- Chapter 4. Consequences of the Idealist Interpretation for the Unity of Space -- Chapter 5: Consequences of the Idealist Interpretation for Causation -- Part III: Consequences of the Idealist Interpretation for Hume’s Science of Man -- Chapter 6. Spatial and Causal Thoughts from an Idealist Point of View -- Part IV: Consequences of the Idealist Interpretation for Hume’s Methodology -- Chapter 7. The Idealist Interpretation Renders Hume More of an Empiricist.
    Abstract: This book defends the very contentious Idealist interpretation of Hume on external objects, and draws from it far-reaching metaphysical and epistemological consequences for Hume’s philosophy. Its interest is both interpretive and analytic. The content Hume ascribes to the belief in “bodies” is susceptible to more than one reading, and has not been systematically considered. Upholding the Idealistic interpretation is interesting in its own right, but also yields several important conclusions about the spatiality of objects, causation, Hume’s “science of man” and his epistemology. For instance, it argues that the Idealist reading means that there are no cross-temporal spatial relationships, and that the (more prevalent) Materialist reading takes Hume further away from methodological empiricism than does the Idealist counterpart, and may render his practice less in conformity with his official methodology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50799-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scientific Realism and Laws of Nature: A Metaphysics of Causal Powers (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031542275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 211 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 483
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ontology.
    Abstract: Foreword -- Introduction -- 1. What is a scientific theory? -- 2. Scientific realism: what is at stake? -- 3. Scientific realism: a defence -- 4. The categorical conceptions of laws -- 5. A dualist metaphysics of nature -- General conclusion -- References -- Name index -- Subject index.
    Abstract: This book addresses central issues in the philosophy and metaphysics of science, namely the nature of scientific theories, their partial truth, and the necessity of scientific laws within a moderate realist and empiricist perspective. Accordingly, good arguments in favour of the existence of unobservable entities postulated by our best theories, such as electrons, must be inductively grounded on perceptual experience and not their explanatory power as most defenders of scientific realism claim. Similarly, belief in the reality of dispositions such as causal powers which ground the natural necessity of scientific laws must be based on experience. Hence, this book offers a synthetic presentation of an original metaphysics of science, namely a metaphysics of properties, both categorical and dispositional, while at the same time opposing strong versions of necessitarism according to which laws are true in all possible worlds. The main theses and arguments are clearly presented in a non-technical way. Thus, on top of being of interest to the specialists of the topics discussed, it is also useful as a textbook in courses for third year and more advanced university students.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54227-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    New Mechanism : Explanation, Emergence and Reduction (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031469176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 272 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 35
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    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Machine learning.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. A framework for mapping mechanistic perspectives (João Cordovil, Gil Santos, Davide Vecchi ) -- Chapter 2. Different Types of Mechanistic Explanation and Their Ontological Implications (Beate Krickel ) -- Chapter 3. The Metabolic Theory of Ecology as a Mechanistic Approach (Gonçalo Martins) -- Chapter 4. Causing and composing evolution: lessons from evo-devo mechanisms (Cristina Villegas) -- Chapter 5. Organisms need mechanisms; Mechanisms need organisms (William Bechtel and Leonardo Bich) -- Chapter 6. Searching for protein folding mechanisms: on the insoluble contrast between thermodynamic and kinetic explanatory approaches (Gabriel Vallejos and Davide Vecchi) -- Chapter 7. Mechanisms in Chemistry (Robin Findlay Hendry) -- Chapter 8. A commentary on Robin Hendry’s views on molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding (Eric Scerri) -- Chapter 9. Fundamental Physics and (New-)Mechanistic Ontologies (João L. Cordovil) -- Chapter 10. Mechanistic Explanations in Physics: History, Scope, and Limits (Brigitte Falkenburg) -- Chapter 11. The Mechanisms of Emergence (Stuart Glennan) -- Chapter 12. Emergence, Downward Causation and Interlevel Integrative Explanations (Gil Santos) -- Index. .
    Abstract: This open access book addresses the epistemological and ontological significance as well as the scope of new mechanism. In particular, this book addresses the issues of what is "new" about new mechanism, the epistemological and ontological reasons underlying the adoption of mechanistic instead of other modelling strategies as well as the possibility of mechanistic explanation to accommodate a non-trivial notion of emergence. Arguably, new mechanism has been particularly successful in making sense of scientific practice in the molecular life sciences. But what about other sciences? This book enlarges the context of analysis, addressing the issue of the putative compatibility between the current ways of conceiving new mechanism and actual scientific practices in quantum physics, chemistry, biochemistry, developmental biology and the cognitive sciences.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-46917-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Homage to Evangelista Torricelli’s Opera Geometrica 1644–2024 : Text, Transcription, Commentaries and Selected Essays as New Historical Insights (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031069635
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 1113 p. 553 illus., 507 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 55
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    Keywords: History. ; Science ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I: The Papers -- Chapter 1. A new Cycloid Narrative centered on Torricelli and Roberval to Understand the Diverse Ways of the Mathematical Revolution (Jean Dhombres) -- Chapter 2. Historical and Methodological Details on the De motu gravium naturaliter descendentium in Torricelli’s Opera Gometrica (1644) (Raffaele Pisano and Paolo Bussotti) -- Chapter 3. Torricelli’s proof of Galileo’s Assumption on the Velocity Acquired at the End of a Free Fall (Patricia Radelet–de Grave) -- Chapter 4. Why Publish a Book of Geometry in Seventeenth-Century Europe? Science, Status, and Print Culture in Evangelista Torricelli’s Opera Geometrica (1644) (John B. Shank) -- Chapter 5. Encounters with the Infinite: From Torricelli to Gödel (Martin Davis) -- Part II: A Critical Transcription & Translation of The Opera Geometrica, 1644 -- Chapter 6. Introduction to a Critical Transcription -- Chapter 7. Image-Text & Transcription -- Part III: Epilogue -- Chapter 8. Epilogue [by…………] Chapter 9. Torricelli: Historical Source Introductory -- Index. .
    Abstract: Evangelista Torricelli exemplifies the use the moderns made of the ancients' mathematical methods. Celebrating Evangelista Torricelli's monumental Opera geometrica, this book marks 380 years since its publication (1644-2024). This homage to Torricelli introduces the magnificent major work in Mechanics and Mathematics of a brilliant Archimedean–and–Galilean scientist to modern readers. Opera geometrica deals with Motion & Mechanics and Geometry & Infinitesimals. In quibus Archimedis doctrina Torricelli also presents his mechanical principle of equilibrium – the foundation of the modern Principle of Virtual Work/Static. This outstanding source and research book spotlights the relevance and originality of Torricelli’s Mechanics, and is the first and most profound analysis of the Opera geometrica to date. The historical study is achieved in extensive Introduction, 5 Essays and an accurate Transcription of Opera geometrica with parallel side–by–side text, including substantive explicative notes. The book is an accessible avenue to understanding this work by leading authorities who offer much-needed insights into the relationship Physics–Mathematics, Mechanics and Fundamentals. It appeals to historians, epistemologists and scientists.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06963-5
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  • 10
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    Lamarckism and the Emergence of 'Scientific' Social Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031527562
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVIII, 320 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 36
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    Keywords: Biology ; Europe ; Science ; Evolution (Biology).
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Jean Baptiste Lamarck: La marche de la nature -- Chapter 2. Herbert Spencer: The tripartite model -- Chapter 3. Interlude: The cluster of plasticity and the impact of its transfer -- Chapter 4. John Hughlings Jackson: A clinical scientist -- Chapter 5. Théodule Armand Ribot: ‘Scientific psychology’ in France -- Chapter 6. Interlude: ‘Hierarchy’ in nineteenth century Spencerian Lamarckism / neo-Lamarckism and its transfer -- Chapter 7. David Émile Durkheim: Founding ‘scientific sociology’ -- Chapter 8. Sigmund Freud, a neo-Lamarckist – Short Coda -- Chapter 9. Interlude: ‘Collectivity’ in the nineteenth century between the biological and the social -- Concluding reflection -- Appendix: Concise biographical portraits -- Notes -- Index.
    Abstract: The book presents an original synthesizing framework on the relations between ‘the biological’ and ‘the social’. Within these relations, the late nineteenth-century emergence of social sciences aspiring to be constituted as autonomous, as 'scientific' disciplines, is described, analyzed and explained. Through this framework, the author points to conceptual and constructive commonalities conjoining significant founding figures – Lamarck, Spencer, Hughlings Jackson, Ribot, Durkheim, Freud – who were not grouped nor analyzed in this manner before. Thus, the book offers a rather unique synthesis of the interactions of the social, the mental, and the evolutionary biological – Spencerian Lamarckism and/or Neo-Lamarckism – crystallizing into novel fields. It adds substantially to the understanding of the complexities of evolutionary debates during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It will attract the attention of a wide spectrum of specialists, academics, and postgraduates in European history of the nineteenth century, history and philosophy of science, and history of biology and of the social sciences, including psychology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-52756-2
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  • 11
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    Descartes on Mathematics, Method and Motion : On the Role of Cartesian Physics in the Scientific Revolution (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031570612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 76 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Physics ; Philosophy ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Schuster’s interpretation of Descartes in Descartes Agonistes -- Chapter 2. Who was Descartes? -- Chapter 3. What is mathesis universalis? -- Chapter 4. What is method? -- Chapter 5. What is mathematical physics? -- Chapter 6. Arguments showing that Descartes’ physics was mathematical -- Chapter 7. Conclusion.
    Abstract: .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57061-2
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  • 12
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    Towards responsible plant data linkage : data challenges for agricultural research and development (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031132766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 317 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Artificial intelligence—Data processing. ; Botany. ; Science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Introduction: Towards responsible plant data linkage -- Part I: Experiences from the Trenches -- Between Subsistence and Agronomy: Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) on Famine Foods -- Managing Data in Crop Breeding: A Hundred Year Challenge -- Data, Duplication, and the Decentralisation of Crop Collections -- Data Management in a Multi-Disciplinary African RTB Crop Breeding Program -- Part II: Technical Challenges of Data Linkage -- Challenges to Data Linkage in Plants: Two Parables from the Pea -- From Farm to FAIR: The Trials of Linking and Sharing Wheat Research Data -- Plant Scientific Data Integration, From Building Community Standards to Defining a Consistent Data Lifecycle -- Part III: Governance Challenges of Data Linkage Spinning the Agricultural Data Web -- Creating a Digital Marketplace for Agrobiodiversity and Plant Genetic Sequence Data: Legal and Ethical Considerations of an AI and Blackchain Based Solution -- Digital Sequence Information and Genetic Resources: Global Policy Meets Interoperability -- Collaboration in Crop Diversity Management: A Pragmatist Approach to Data Sharing -- Part IV: Social Challenges of Data Linkage -- The Research Data Alliance Interest Group on Agricultural Data: Supporting a Global Community of Practice -- Ethical and Legal Considerations in Smart Farming: A Farmer’s Perspective -- Responsibility Beyond Ethics and Infrastructures: Conceptual and Normative Considerations for Plant Data Linkage and Agriculture.
    Abstract: This open access book provides the first systematic overview of existing challenges and opportunities for responsible data linkage, and a cutting-edge assessment of which steps need to be taken to ensure that plant data are ethically shared and used for the benefit of ensuring global food security – one of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The volume focuses on the contemporary contours of such challenges through sustained engagement with current and historical initiatives and discussion of best practices and prospective future directions for ensuring responsible plant data linkage. The volume is divided into four sections that include case studies of plant data use and linkage in the context of particular research projects, breeding programs, and historical research. It address technical challenges of data linkage in developing key tools, standards and infrastructures, and examines governance challenges of data linkage in relation to socioeconomic and environmental research and data collection. Finally, the last section addresses issues raised by new data production and linkage methods for the inclusion of agriculture’s diverse stakeholders. This book brings together leading experts in data curation, data governance and data studies from a variety of fields, including data science, plant science, agricultural research, science policy, data ethics and the philosophy, history and social studies of plant science.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6
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  • 13
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    Portuguese Philosophy of Technology : Legacies and contemporary work from the Portuguese-Speaking Community (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031146305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 336 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Social aspects. ; Technology. ; History. ; Technology. ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Pathways in the Philosophy of Technology in the Portuguese-Speaking Community -- Part I Modern Technology and Aporias of Progress -- 2. António Sérgio: Critical Rationalism and Technology -- 3. The God of Artefacts: Vico’s Principle and Technology -- 4. Technique, Readiness-to-Hand and Development -- 5. Three Essays on Technique, the Artificial and the New Human -- 6. Technology and the Lifeworld in Miguel Baptista Pereira -- 7. Amílcar Cabral: Technology, Agriculture and Colonialism -- Part II Technology, Risk and Values -- 8. Riscophrenia: The Risk Fallacy and the Repression of Uncertainty -- 9. Four Visions of Technology -- 10. The Specificity of Technological Knowledge -- 11. Lost in Translation: Ethics and Engineering Practice -- 12. Critique of the Western Technological Hegemony and Neo-Animism in Ruy Duarte de Carvalho -- Part III Technoscene and Postmodern World -- 13. Mediatization: From Gutenberg to Unlimited Media and Datafication -- 14. The Virtualization of the Archive -- 15. Law-Technology Lag or ‘Law as Technology’ in the Big Data Age -- 16. Ontotechnologies of the Body: Technoperformativity and Processes of Subjectivation -- 17. Solidary Technoscience: A Concept for the Philosophy of Technology -- 18. Commercially-Oriented Technoscience and the Need for Multi-Strategic Research.
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of essays of a philosophical nature on the subject of technology, introducing authors from the Portuguese-speaking community, namely from Portugal itself, Africa and Brazil. Their contributions detail a unique perspective on technology, placing this important topic within the historical, ideological and social contexts of their countries, all of which share a common language. The shared history of these countries and the cultural and economic specificities of each one have stimulated singular insights into these thinkers’ reflections. The essays are thematically diverse. Among the topics covered are technogenic knowledge, visions of technology, risks and uncertainties, mediatization, digitalization, and datafication, engineering practice and ethics, alternative technoscientific strategies, ontotechnologies of the body, virtual and archive. The contributions also explore other themes that are more closely related to the semi-peripheral world, such as technological dependence and the incorporation of Western technology into the social structure of ancestral communities. This book appeals to students and researchers and provides a voice to authors whose work are not usually available in English-language publications. It serves as an ideal guide for all those who seek rigorous and geographically widespread knowledge regarding thinking on technology in several Portuguese-speaking countries.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14630-5
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  • 14
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    Perspectives on Kuhn : Contemporary Approaches to the Philosophy of Thomas Kuhn (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031163715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 187 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science ; Science ; Language and languages ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1. Kuhn, Coherentism and Perception (Howard Sankey) -- Chapter 2. Sankey on Kuhn and Epistemological Coherentism: a Commentary (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 3. A Defense of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions (K. Brad Wray) -- Chapter 4. A Vindication of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions: a Comment to K. Brad Wray (Pablo Melogno) -- Chapter 5. Kuhn’s Reconstruction of Structure: The Theoretical Background (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 6. A Role for Cognitive Agents from a Kuhnian point of view: a Comment to Juan Vicente Mayoral (Pío García) -- Chapter 7. Incommensurability and Metaincommensurability. Kind change, world change and indirect refutation (Eric Oberheim) -- Chapter 8. The Landscape of a Metaphysical Battlefield: a Comment to Eric Oberheim (Leandro Giri) -- Chapter 9. The Plausibility of Thomas Kuhn’s Metaphysics (Paul Hoyningen-Huene) -- Chapter 10. Seeing, Talking and Behaving... Ways of Inhabiting the World: a Comment to Paul Hoyningen-Huene (Hernán Miguel) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents essays and commentaries that continue on Thomas Kuhn’s work from where he left off at the time of his death. Contrary to other books, this volume picks up the gauntlet to develop, from a contemporary perspective, some points that can be improved in the light of recent findings and conceptualizations in metatheory. Thus, this work pays a visit to the classical Kuhnian landscapes, but rather proposing interpretations, it takes them as the starting point to go further. One hundred years after the Kuhn's birth, the editors and authors rekindle the passion and interest that have always surrounded the work of the great Boston philosopher and historian.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16371-5
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  • 15
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    Professional Ethics for Research and Development Activities (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031254840
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 316 p. 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Moral and ethical aspects. ; Technology—Moral and ethical aspects. ; Science ; Technology
    Abstract: Special Nomenclature Used in This Book -- Part I Professional Ethics for Researchers and Society’s Expectations Towards Researchers -- 1. The Ethical Basis for Research Activities -- 2. National and International Measures to Promote Ethically Responsible Research -- 3.The Allocation of Ethical Responsibility for Research -- 4. The Research Organization’s Measures to Ensure Responsible Research Practice -- Part II. Morality and Responsible Practice in Daily Research Work -- 5.The Researcher in the Workplace – Employee Morale -- 6. Choice of Research Topic – a Question of Taking Societal Responsibility -- 7. The Ideals of Neutrality, Impartiality and Independence -- 8. Writing of Project Plans and Applications -- 9. Commissioned Research and Other Assignments for External Clients -- 10. Other Forms of Research Collaboration Between the Research Community and Society -- 11. Research and Other Activities Based on Sponsorships and Donations -- 12. Ethical Issues During the Research Project -- 13. Research Involving Humans -- 14.Research in and on Other Cultures -- 15. Research Involving Animals -- 16. Professional Writing -- 17. Authors’ Legal Rights -- 18. Commercialization of R&D Results from Research Institutions -- 19. Membership of Boards, Councils and Committees -- 20. The Researcher in the Public Arena -- Part III Violations of Research Ethics Norms – Extent, Handling and Reactions -- 21. Extent of Violations of Research Ethics Norms -- 22. Various Forms of Irresponsible Research Practice -- 23. Handling of Violations of Research Ethics Norms -- 24. Reactions to Researchers Who Violate Research Ethics Norms -- 25. Possibilities for Reinstatement.
    Abstract: This book provides a thorough introduction to research ethics and ethically responsible research practice in a research organization. It is relevant for all research areas. Morality, however, is not something one can just “learn”. Therefore, the book is written with a different basic tone than regular textbooks, so that it makes the reader aware of how morality plays a role in the various daily tasks one has in a research organization. The book conveys knowledge and experience material about the society’s and the research community’s view of how different ethical issues should be solved. From this, the reader will acquire the basic ethical principles they need to know and understand and be aware of, in order to be qualified in an ethical context as employees of a research organization, and to be able to deal with common ethical issues associated with research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25484-0
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  • 16
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    Neural Machines: A Defense of Non-Representationalism in Cognitive Neuroscience (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031267468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 198 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Neurosciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1. Mechanisms -- Chapter 1. The New Mechanistic Theory of Explanation: a primer -- Chapter 2. Mechanistic explanatory texts -- Part 2. Representations -- Chapter 3. Representations and mechanisms do not mix -- Chapter 4. Indicator contents -- Chapter 5. Structural contents -- Chapter 6. Teleosemantics -- Part 3. Objections -- Chapter 7. The dual-explananda defence -- Chapter 8. The Pragmatic Necessity defence -- Part 4. Applications -- Chapter 9. Applications and future directions -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: In this book, Matej Kohar demonstrates how the new mechanistic account of explanation can be used to support a non-representationalist view of explanations in cognitive neuroscience, and therefore can bring new conceptual tools to the non-representationalist arsenal. Kohar focuses on the explanatory relevance of representational content in constitutive mechanistic explanations typical in cognitive neuroscience. The work significantly contributes to two areas of literature: 1) the debate between representationalism and non-representationalism, and 2) the literature on mechanistic explanation. Kohar begins with an introduction to the mechanistic theory of explanation, focusing on the analysis of mechanistic constitution as the basis of explanatory relevance in constitutive mechanistic explanation. He argues that any viable analysis of representational contents implies that content is not constitutively relevant to cognitive phenomena. The author also addresses objections against his argument and concludes with an examination of the consequences of his account for both traditional cognitive neuroscience and non-representationalist alternatives. This book is of interest to readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science and neuroscience.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26746-8
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  • 17
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    Synthetic Biology and the Question of Public Participation : Governance and Ethics in Dealing with Emerging Technologies (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031160042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(V, 62 p. 5 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Science ; Political science.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Imagined Futures: Trust and Justice in SB Governance -- Governance and Participation in Policy Reports of Synthetic Biology (Literature Review) -- Approaches in Defining Governance, Challenges and Benefits -- Designing Governance Frameworks -- Governance of Synthetic Biology -- Governance and Public Participation -- Objectives -- Focus Areas Participation -- Communication -- Representation.-Evaluation -- Focus Areas Governance -- Resources -- Training -- Data Management -- Responsibility -- Case Study: COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- Conclusion -- Recommendations.
    Abstract: The book considers the relationship between governance and participation, and the ways participation has been understood, framed and applied in the context of synthetic biology (SB) governance approaches. Based on fundamental questions about the scope, purpose, and responsibilities assigned to public participation activities, the authors conducted an literature review of policy reports and articles on SB governance. Against this basis the authors identify key characteristics of synthetic biology, such as the complex interplay of research, engineering and IT expertise in the field, as well as the challenges these characteristics pose in designing governance frameworks. Drawing on insights from the literature on governance and public participation in political science and public policy, the authors contest calls for “earlier” and “more” participation on the basis that such calls fail to consider the necessary structural adjustments and resources needed for such endeavors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16004-2
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  • 18
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    Evolutionary Thinking Across Disciplines : Problems and Perspectives in Generalized Darwinism (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031333583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 528 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 478
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Biology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Generalizing Darwinism as a Topic for Multidisciplinary Debate -- Part I: How Can Disciplines Benefit from, or Contribute to, Evolutionary Frameworks?. 2. Is a Non-Evolutionary Psychology Possible? -- 3. Evolutionary Economics and the Theory of Cultural Evolution -- 4. Repetition Without Replication: Notes Towards a Theory of Cultural Adaptation -- 5. The Epistemological and Ideological Stakes of Literary Darwinism -- 6. Evolutionary Aspects of Language Change -- 7. A Community Science Model for Inter-Disciplinary Evolution Education and School Improvement -- 8. Teaching for the Interdisciplinary Understanding of Evolutionary Concepts -- Part II: Generalizations of Evolutionary Theory: Common Principles or Explanatory Structures?. 9. From Games to Graphs. Evolving Networks in Cultural Evolution -- 10. Metaphysics of Evolution: Ontology and Justification of Generalized Evolution Theory -- 11. Human Social Evolution via Four Coevolutionary Levels -- Part III: Why Should We Be Skeptical of Generalizations of Darwinism?. 12. Is Natural Selection Physical? -- 13. The Risks of Evolutionary Explanation -- 14. Evolution and Ecology of Organizations and Markets -- 15. Pluralism and Epistemic Goals: Why the Social Sciences Will (Probably) not be Synthesised by Evolutionary Theory -- 16. Equations at an Exhibition: on the Cultural Price Equation -- 17. Unlike Agents: The Role of Correlation in Economics and Biology -- Part IV: How Can Evolutionary Approaches or the Target Field be Amended?. 18. From the Modern Synthesis to the Inclusive Evolutionary Synthesis: An Einsteinian Revolution in Evolution -- 19. Darwinian/Hennigian Systematics and Evo-Devo: the Missed Rendez-vous -- 20. The Generalized Selective Environment -- 21. Adding Agency to Tinbergen’s Four Questions -- 22. Cultural Evolution Research Needs to Include Human Behavioural Ecology.
    Abstract: This volume aims to clarify the epistemic potential of applying evolutionary thinking outside biology, and provides a survey of the current state of the art in research on relevant topics in the life sciences, the philosophy of science, and the various areas of evolutionary research outside the life sciences. By bringing together chapters by evolutionary biologists, systematic biologists, philosophers of biology, philosophers of social science, complex systems modelers, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, linguists, historians, and educators, the volume examines evolutionary thinking within and outside the life sciences from a multidisciplinary perspective. While the chapters written by biologists and philosophers of science address theoretical aspects of the guiding questions and aims of the volume, the chapters written by researchers from the other areas approach them from the perspective of applying evolutionary thinking to non-biological phenomena. Taken together, the chapters in this volume do not only show how evolutionary thinking can be fruitfully applied in various areas of investigation, but also highlight numerous open problems, unanswered questions, and issues on which more clarity is needed. As such, the volume can serve as a starting point for future research on the application of evolutionary thinking across disciplines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33358-3
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  • 19
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    Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada : Key Multidisciplinary Perspectives (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031300028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 515 p. 10 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The International Library of Bioethics 104
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1: MAID in Law and Regulations -- Chapter 1. Radical Autonomy in Supreme Court of Canada Jurisprudence (Dylan McGuinty) -- Chapter 2. Carter v Canada: Exploring the Ebb and Flow of “Competing” Societal Values (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 3. From a Court Judgment to Federal Law (Travis Dumsday) -- Chapter 4. “We Should Not Lightly Assume”: A Review of Legislative, Regulatory and Jurisprudential Developments of MAID Safeguards (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 5. F“Reasonably Foreseeable Natural Death” Requirement in Bill C-7, and Expressivist Harm (Jonas-Sébastien Beaudry) -- Part 2: Operational Issues in the MAID program -- Chapter 6. Medical Assistance in Dying Step-by-Step: Processes and Challenges (Alireza Bagheri) -- Chapter 7. Monitoring of MAID: Deficits of Transparency and Accountability (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 8. CFederal Annual Reports on MAID: Informative but Incomplete Picture (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 9. Organ Donation after Medical Assistance in Dying (Ryan Tonkens) -- Chapter 10. Medical Practice in Presence of MAID (Amy Hendricks) -- Part 3: Palliative Care and MAID -- Chapter 11. Palliative Care: Captive and Casualty of Carter v Canada? (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 12. Palliative Care and Medical Assistance in Dying (Leonie Herx) -- Chapter 13. Suffering as a Criterion for Medical Assistance in Dying (John F. Scott) -- Chapter 14. The Assessment and Relief of Suffering in the Shadow of MAID (John F. Scott) -- Part 4:Mental Disorders and MAID -- Chapter 15. Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and Suicide: A community perspective (Mara Grunau) -- Chapter 16. Unbalanced: Mental Illness, MAID, and Medico-Legal Principles (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 17. MAID for Persons with Mental Illness as a Sole Eligibility Criterion (Sephora Tang) -- Chapter 18. MAID for Mental Illness: What Exactly is Being Consented To? (John Maher) -- Part 5: Disability Perspectives, Human Rights and MAID -- Chapter 19. MAID to Die by Medical and Systemic Ableism (Heidi Janz) -- Chapter 20. Assisted Life Before Assisted Death: Disability Discomfort Regarding MAID (Tim Stainton) -- Chapter 21. Implementing Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: Implications for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (William F. Sullivan) -- Chapter 22. The Psychosocial Aspects of Adapting to Traumatic Non-Life-Threatening Disability (Irmo Marini) -- Chapter 23. Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying Law and the Rights to Life and Equality at International Law (Roberto Lattanzio) -- Part 6: Social and Cultural Issues of the MAID Programme -- Chapter 24. Examining Indigenous Perspectives on Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) (Dwight Newman) -- Chapter 25. Patient Physician Relationship and MAID: Trust and Autonomy (Louisa Pedri) -- Chapter 26. The Importance of Conscience as an Independent Freedom (Derek Ross) -- Chapter 27. Freedom of Conscience and Medical Assistance in Dying – Clinical Perspective (Simon Czajkowski) -- Chapter 28. Spirit at the Gateway: Religious Reflections on Medical Assistance in Dying (Christine Jamieson) -- Chapter 29. MAID Practice and Impact (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 30. MAID: Pasts, Present and Futures (Tom Koch) -- Part 7: Overview and Conclusions -- Chapter 31. Overview and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book, written both for a Canadian and an international readership, provides a multidisciplinary review of the framework and performance of the Canadian Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) program. In the first five years (2015-2021) of operation, this program delivered voluntary euthanasia and assistance in suicide to over 30,000 Canadian residents, presently representing a 30% annual growth. Looking back on these first five years, the 30 Canadian scholars and clinicians contributing to this volume raise important issues and attempt to answer key questions that have arisen in regards to its operation and its stated objectives. This volume strikes the most appropriate balance between the autonomy of persons who seek medical assistance, versus the interests and protection of vulnerable persons. Finally, the book makes suggestions on how the program can presently be improved. It identifies gaps in knowledge about MAID’s operational program and its impact on individuals, families and society in order to stimulate the necessary research that is essential to the evolution of a healthy and well-balanced program. As a first, comprehensive examination of medically assisted deaths in Canada, this publication will be of great value to lay, professional, academic, political audiences both domestically and internationally, especially in jurisdictions that are examining their options of permitting assisted deaths.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30002-8
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  • 20
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    Electrical Conquest : New Approaches to the History of Electrification (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031445910
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 280 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 67
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Electrical conquest
    Keywords: Science ; Technology ; Power electronics. ; Electric power distribution. ; Electric machinery.
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. A Model for Heterogeneous Energy Transitions -- Chapter 3. Surveying the Landscape: The Oil Industry and Alternative Energy in the 1970s -- Chapter 4. We Have No Niagara”: Electrifying the “Britain of the South -- Chapter 5. Formation and Transformations of the Cuban Electric Company/Unión Eléctrica, 1920s-1980s -- Chapter 6. Between Material Dependencies, Natural Commons and Politics of Electrical Transitions: The State as Networks of Power in Greece, 1940-2010 -- Chapter 7. Large-scale Renewables and Infrastructure Gatekeepers: How Local Actors Shaped the Texas Competitive Renewable Energy Zones (CREZ) Initiative -- Chapter 8. Co-ops Against Castroism: USAID and the Electrification of the Global Countryside -- Chapter 9. Vehicle-to-Grid, Regulated Deregulation, and the Energy Conversion Imaginary. .
    Abstract: This book, drawing on fresh scholarship, investigates electrification in new places and across different time periods. While much of our understanding of electrification as a historical process is based on the seminal work done by Thomas P. Hughes in Networks of Power (1983), the scholars in this volume expand and revise Hughes’ systems approach to suggest that electrification is a heterogeneous and contingent process. Moreover, the contributors suggest that the conquest of the world by electricity remains incomplete despite more than a century elapsing. Above all, though, this book provides context for thinking about what lies ahead as humans continue their conquest of the earth through electricity. As we become increasingly dependent on electricity to power our lights, heat and cool our homes, turn the wheels of industry, and keep our information systems humming, so we are ever more vulnerable when the grid runs into trouble. Chapter "Surveying the Landscape: The Oil Industry and Alternative Energy in the 1970s" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44591-0
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  • 21
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    Scientific visual representations in history (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031113178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 360 p. 112 illus., 106 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific visual representations in history
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    AK 39900
    Keywords: Science—History. ; History—Philosophy. ; Art—History. ; Science ; History ; Art ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Grafische Darstellung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Part I: Transmission -- Chapter 1. Visual Culture Of University Knowledge: The Lecture Notebooks From Louvain And Douai (17th-18th Centuries)(Gwendoline De Mûelenaere - University Of Louvain, Belgium) -- Chapter 2. The Illustrated Printed Page As A Tool For Thinking And Transmitting Knowledge. The Case Of Renaissance Astronomical Books(Isabelle Pantin) -- Chapter 3. Representing Experience In The Early Royal Society. The Case Of Robert Hooke?S Micrographia (1665)(Salvatore Ricciardo - University Of Bergamo, Italy) -- Chapter 4. Vision On Vision: Early Modern Scientific Images On Cosmology Explored By Means Of Second Order Images(Matteo Valleriani, Florian Kräutli) -- Part II: Transformation -- Chapter 5. Theorizing Technology: Theōria, Diagram, And Artifact In Hero Of Alexandria(Courtney Roby) -- Chapter 6. Artistic 'Libido' And Scientific Truth In 16th Century Woodcut Illustrations(Magdalena Bushart) -- Chapter 7. Capturing, Modeling, Overviewing And Making Credible: The Functions Of Visual At The Accademia Del Cimento(Giulia Giannini) -- Chapter 8. The Transformations Of Physico-Mathematical Visual Thinking: From Descartes To Quantum Physics(Enrico Giannetto) -- Part III: Exploration -- Chapter 9. Transporting Asian And Australasian Nature To Europe: Photographs From The Voyage Of HMS. Challenger 1872–1876(Stephanie Hood) -- Chapter 10. Visualising Biodata In The Laboratory. Image-Makers, Practices And Reinvention In Magnetic Resonance Technology(Silvia Casini) -- Chapter 11. Arguing From Appearance: The Numerical Reconstruction Of Galactic Tails And Bridges(Matthias Schemmel) -- Chapter 12. Ethnoscience And Spatial Representations Of Climate Change(Elena Bougleux).
    Abstract: This book explores continuity and ruptures in the historical use of visual representations in science and related disciplines such as art history and anthropology. The book also considers more recent developments that attest to the unprecedented importance of scientific visualizations, such as video recordings, animations, simulations, graphs, and enhanced realities. The volume collects historical reflections concerned with the use of visual material, visualization, and vision in science from a historical perspective, ranging across multiple cultures from antiquity until present day. The focus is on visual representations such as drawings, prints, tables, mathematical symbols, photos, data visualizations, mapping processes, and (on a meta-level) visualizations of data extracted from historical sources to visually support the historical research itself. Continuity and ruptures between the past and present use of visual material are presented against the backdrop of the epistemic functions of visual material in science. The function of visual material is defined according to three major epistemic categories: exploration, transformation, and transmission of knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11317-8
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  • 22
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    Collected Wisdom of the Early Modern Scholar : Essays in Honor of Mordechai Feingold (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031097225
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 390 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Collected wisdom of the early modern scholar
    RVK:
    AK 13000
    Keywords: Science—History. ; History. ; Arts. ; Literature. ; Science ; Festschrift ; Wissenschaft ; Geschichte 1500-1700
    Abstract: Chapter1 Introduction -- Part I History of Universities -- Part II Intellectual History -- Part III Newton -- Part IV Royal Society Luminaries -- Publications of Mordechai Feingold -- index. .
    Abstract: This book brings together leading scholars in the history of science, history of universities, intellectual history, and the history of the Royal Society, to honor Professor Mordechai Feingold. The essays collected here reflect the impact Feingold's scholarship has had on a range of fields and address several topics, including: the dynamic pedagogical techniques employed in early modern universities, networks of communication through which scientific knowledge was shared, experimental techniques and knowledge production, the life and times of Isaac Newton, Newton's reception, and the scientific culture of the Royal Society. Modeling the interdisciplinary approaches championed by Feingold as well as the essential role of archival studies, the volume attests to the enduring value of his scholarship and sets a benchmark for future work in the history of science and its allied fields.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09722-5
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  • 23
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    Theory and Practice in the Interdisciplinary Production and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge : ID in the XXI Century (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031204050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 309 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework -- 1. The Fundamental Cognitive Destiny of Interdisciplinarity (Olga Pombo) -- 2. Disentangling Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: the Beauty of Differing Definitions (Bianca Vienni Baptista) -- 3. Back to the Discipline: for a Future Interdisciplinarity (Romain Sauzet) -- 4. Super-Contemporaneity (The Regime of Creation Beyond Transdisciplinary Innovation) (Vincent Bontems) -- Part 2. Practices of Interdisciplinarity -- 5. Interactions Towards Interdisciplinarity at School: the Case of a Physics Teacher at a Public Teacher Education High School (Giselle Faur de Castro Catarino, Glória Regina Pessoa Campello Queiroz, André Luís de Moura Pessôa) -- 6. Interdisciplinarity in the View of Researchers in the Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Programme in Human Rights at the Federal Universitiy of Goiás (PPGIDH-UFG): a Case Study (Cerise de Castro Campos, Helena Esser dos Reis, Mauro Machado do Prado, Rosani Moreira Leitão) -- 7. Interdisciplinary Practice in Education (Helder Coelho) -- 8. How MSH Design Interdisciplinarity: Testimony of an Active Director (Nicolas Thély) -- 9. Interdisciplinarity in Cognitive Science and the Nature of Cognition (Klaus Gärtner and Robert W. Clowes) -- 10. The Utopia of Interdisciplinarity: A View from Economics (Vítor Neves) -- 11. The Crowd – A Boundary Object in Social Sciences (Jorge Correia Jesuíno) -- 12. Role of IT Solution Design in Food Labelling. Ethics, Communication and Interdisciplinarity on the Test Bench (Roberta Pizzi and Giovanni Scarafile) -- 13. Signs of Interdisciplinarity in the Second Half of the XX Century and Prospects for the XXI Century (Olga Pombo).
    Abstract: This book addresses the urgent need for a large and systematic analysis of current interdisciplinary (ID) research and practice. It demonstrates how ID is essentially a cognitive phenomenon, something different from the frivolous and inconsequential attempt of trying to overcome the disciplinary competencies and exigencies. By ID, the authors show that it is a manifestation of the transversal rationality that underlies current scientific activity. It is the very progress of specialized disciplines that requires interdisciplinary new research practices and new forms of articulation between domains, something that has a strong impact on the traditional disciplinary structure of scientific and educational institutions. Divided into two parts, the book presents a conceptual framework as well as several case studies on ID practices. The book aims at covering three main themes. It contributes to the stabilization of ID meaning and characterizes the main ID theorizations which have been proposed until now. It builds an innovative and broad understanding of the several ID determinations as an essentially cognitive phenomenon and of its institutional implications at the level of disciplinary structures and curricular organization. Finally, it distinguishes and maps the diversity of ID procedures and practices which are being used and tested by contemporary scientific and educational institutions. This book is addressed to philosophers, scientists and every one interested in science production and reproduction, including science teaching.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20405-0
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    Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle : 100 Years After the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031077890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 615 p. 23 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International Conference "Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle - After 100 Years" (2021 : Online) Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle
    RVK:
    CI 5017
    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Philosophy ; Language and languages ; Science ; Konferenzschrift 2021 ; Wittgenstein, Ludwig 1889-1951 ; Wiener Kreis
    Abstract: Part I. Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle - After 100 Years -- Chapter 1. Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle – The Vienna Circle and Wittgenstein. A Critical Reconsideration (Friedrich Stadler) -- Part II. Wittgenstein and his Tractatus logico-philosophicus -- Chapter 2. In Search of the Redeeming Word: Wittgenstein’s Private Notebooks 1914-1916 and the Making of the Tractatus (Marjorie Perloff) -- Chapter 3. Tractatus in Context. Some Highlights (James C. Klagge) -- Chapter 4. Facts, Possibilities, and the World. Three lessons from the Tractatus (Hans Sluga) -- Chapter 5. A Meta-Biography of the Wittgensteins: Das Familiengedächtnis (Nicole Immler) -- Part III. Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- Chapter 6. Wittgenstein and the Variety of Vienna Circles (Thomas Uebel) -- Chapter 7. After the Tractatus. Schlick and Wittgenstein on Ethics (Massimo Ferrari) -- Chapter 8. Plagiarism!: Wittgenstein Against Carnap (Richard Creath) -- Chapter 9. Truth in Early Wittgenstein and Gödel (Juliet Floyd) -- Chapter 10. Wittgenstein, Ramsey and the Vienna Circle. The Un-Understandable Manuscript (Cheryl Misak) -- Chapter 11. Wittgenstein and the External World Programme (Michael Potter) -- Chapter 12. Wittgenstein und Waismann über Sprachspiele (Joachim Schulte) -- Chapter 13. The ‘Diktat für Schlick‘: Authorship and Computational Stylometry Revisited (Michael Oakes) -- Part IV. Report and Documentation -- Chapter 14. Wittgensteins virtuelle Präsenz im Wiener Kreis 1931-35 / Wittgenstein’s Virtual Presence in the Vienna Circle, 1931-35 (Juha Manninen) -- Chapter 15. Waismanns Wiener Zeit. Ein historisch-philosophischer Bericht (Philipp Leon Bauer) -- Chapter 16. Wittgenstein und Rothschild – Die zwei bekanntesten und reichsten Familien der Habsburgermonarchie (Roman Sandgruber) -- Part V. General Part -- Chapter 17. Bringing Happiness. Otto Neurath and the Debates on War Economy, Socialization and Social Economy (Günther Sandner) -- Part VI. Reviews -- Chapter 18. Review Essay: Erwin Dekker, Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994) and the Rise of Economic Expertise, Cambridge University Press 2021 (Alexander Linsbichler) -- Chapter 19. Review: A. W. Carus, Michael Friedman, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson, and Sven Schlotter (Eds.), Rudolf Carnap: Early Writings. The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, Volume 1, Oxford University Press 2019 (Lois Marie Rendl).
    Abstract: This book offers a critical update of current Wittgenstein research on the Tractatus logico-philosophicus (TLP) and its relation to the Vienna Circle. The contributions are written by renowned Wittgenstein scholars, on the occasion of the "Wittgenstein Years" 1921/1922 with a special focus on its origin, reception, and interpretation then and now. The main topic is the mutual relation between Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle (esp. Schlick, Waismann, Carnap, Gödel), but also Russell and Ramsey. In addition, included in this volume are new studies on Wittgenstein's life and work, on the philosophy of the TLP, and on the Wittgenstein family in philosophical and historical context. Furthermore, unpublished documents on Wittgenstein and Waismann from the archives are provided in form of edited and commented primary sources. As per the book series' usual format, a general part of this Yearbook covers a study on Neurath's economy as well as reviews of related publications.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07789-0
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Knowledge, Mind and Reality: An Introduction by Early Twentieth-Century American Women Philosophers (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031244377
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 344 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; United States—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science ; Philosophy ; United States
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Nature of philosophy -- Chapter 2. Knowledge: reason and experience -- Chapter 3. Science and objectivity -- Chapter 4. The physical and the material -- Chapter 5. Individuals and time -- Chapter 6. Freedom and time.
    Abstract: This book is the first volume featuring the work of American women philosophers in the first half of the twentieth century. It provides selected papers authored by Mary Whiton Calkins, Grace Andrus de Laguna, Grace Neal Dolson, Marjorie Glicksman Grene, Marjorie Silliman Harris, Thelma Zemo Lavine, Marie Collins Swabey, Ellen Bliss Talbot, Dorothy Walsh and Margaret Floy Washburn. The book also provides the historical and philosophical background to their work. The papers focus on the nature of philosophy, knowledge, the philosophy of science, the mind-matter nexus, the nature of time, and the question of freedom and the individual. The material is suitable for scholars, researchers and advanced philosophy students interested in (history of) philosophy; theories of knowledge; philosophy of science; mind, and reality.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24437-7
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    Realism, Value, and Transcendental Arguments between Neopragmatism and Analytic Philosophy (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031280429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 202 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Pragmatism. ; Metaphysics. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: On the Viennese Background of Harvard Neopragmatism: Logical Empiricism between Pragmatism and Neopragmatism -- Chapter 3: Brandom on Pragmatism -- Chapter 4: Pragmatic Realism, Idealism, and Pluralism: A Rescherian Balance? -- Chapter 5: “Languaged” World, “Worlded” Language: On Margolis’s Pragmatic Integration of Realism and Idealism -- Chapter 6: The Will to Believe, Epistemic Virtue, and Holistic Transcendental Pragmatism -- Chapter 7: Toward a Pragmatist Metaphysics of the Fact-Value Entanglement: Emergence or Continuity? -- Chapter 8: Finnish Versions of Pragmatist Humanism: Eino Kaila and Georg Henrik von Wright as Quasi-Pragmatists -- Chapter 9: A New Look at Wittgenstein and Pragmatism.
    Abstract: The essays collected in this volume and authored by Sami Pihlström emphasize that our relation to the world we live in and seek to represent and get to know better through our practices of conceptualization and inquiry is irreducibly valuational. There is no way of even approaching, let alone resolving, the philosophical issue of realism without drawing due attention to the ways in which human values are inextricably entangled with even the most purely “factual” projects of inquiry we engage in. This entanglement of the factual and the normative is, as explicitly argued in Chapter 7 but implicitly suggested in all the other chapters as well, both pragmatic (practice-embedded and practice-involving) and transcendental (operating at the level of the necessary conditions for the possibility of our representing and cognizing the world in general). The author claims we need to carefully examine the complex relations of realism, value, and transcendental arguments at the intersection of pragmatism and analytic philosophy. This book does so by offering case-studies of various important neopragmatists and philosophers close to the pragmatist tradition, including Hilary Putnam, Nicholas Rescher, Joseph Margolis, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. It appeals to scholars and advanced graduate students focusing on pragmatism and analytic philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28042-9
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    Sanctorius Sanctorius and the origins of health measurement (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031301186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 327 pages) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hollerbach, Teresa Juliane Sanctorius Sanctorius and the origins of health measurement
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Technology. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Science ; Medicine
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Preface (Dr. Matteo Valleriani) -- Introduction -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations and Short Titles -- Chapter 1. Sanctorius Sanctorius—Between Koper and Venice -- Chapter 2. Sanctorius’s Galenism -- Chapter 3. Sanctorius’s Work in its Practical Context -- Chapter 4. Quantification in Galenic Medicine -- Chapter 5. Quantification and Certainty -- Chapter 6. The Measuring Instruments -- Chapter 7. Sanctorius Revisited -- List of Appendices.
    Abstract: This open access book offers new insights into the Venetian physician Sanctorius Sanctorius (1561–1636) and into the origins of quantification in medicine. At the turn of the seventeenth century, Sanctorius developed instruments to measure and quantify physiological change. As trivial as the quantitative assessment of health issues might seem to us today – in times of fitness trackers and smart watches – it was highly innovative at that time. With his instruments, Sanctorius introduced quantitative research into the field of physiology. Historical accounts of Sanctorius and his work tend to tell the story of a genius who, almost out of the blue, invented a new medical science, based on measurement and quantification, that profoundly influenced modernity. Abandoning the “genius narrative,” this book examines Sanctorius and his work in the broader perspective of processes of knowledge transformation in early modern medicine. It is the first systematic study to include the entire range of the physician’s intellectual and practical activities. Adopting a material culture perspective, the research draws on the contemporary reconstruction of Sanctorius’s most famous instrument: the Sanctorian weighing chair. And here it departs from past studies that focus mainly on Sanctorius’s thinking rather than on his making and doing. The book also re-evaluates Sanctorius’s role in the wider process of the early transformation of medical culture in the early modern period, a process that ultimately led to the abandonment of Galenic medicine and to the introduction of a new medical science, based on the use of quantification and measurement in medical research. The book is therefore an important contribution to the history of medicine and historical epistemology aimed at historians of science and philosophy.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30118-6
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Cover
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    Materializing the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics : Instruments and the First Bell Tests (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031297977
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 73 p. 16 illus., 2 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science ; Physics
    Abstract: Introduction -- Bell's Inequality Experiments -- Sources of Entangled Photons -- Analyzers -- Detection Sets -- Twinning the Threads -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book offers a history of the instrumentation used to materialize the early thought experiments devised in the Einstein-Bohr disputes over the foundations of quantum mechanics. It shows how the second world war and cold war fostered the development of materials, instruments, and systems that made it possible to create, manipulate, and detect single quantum systems, thus creating the material conditions for experiments in foundations of quantum mechanics and for a broad spectrum of experimental inquiries on the structure and properties of matter which underlay the creation of new research fields such as quantum optics, quantum information, and atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Discussing research and development performed in diverse contexts, this book reveals how physicists carried instruments, and the knowledge they embodied, through disciplinary and geographic frontiers to probe entanglement, a most intriguing feature of the quantum world.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29797-7
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    Deus Est Caritas: The Voice of Gabriele Biondo on Personal Justification and Church Reform (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031363399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 358 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 245
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Philosophy. ; Science ; Religion
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Religious Crisis and the Debate between Divine Love and Justice -- 2. The Life and the Works of Gabriele Biondo -- 3. Philology, Auctoritates, and Source -- 4. Falling out of Love with God: A Spiral Descent into Self-Annihilation -- 5. The Grace of God: The Path of Divine Justification and Personal Redemption through Obedience and Spogliamento -- 6. Extra ecclesiam nulla salus: Salvation within the Ecclesiastical Sphere -- 7. Conclusions -- Bibliography.
    Abstract: The book examines the life and the writings of Gabriele Biondo, a secular priest who lived in the little town of Modigliana between the second half of the fifteenth century and the first decades of the sixteenth century. Through a careful examination of his writings and the sources he used, this book allows the reader to obtain a more precise understanding of Biondo, his background, his life, his movements, the difficulties that he encountered (mainly with the ecclesiastical authorities and the other members of the clergy, but also with civic leaders), and the main events of his life. Additionally, Biondo was the leader of a minor following formed by nuns, secular women, and laymen. Therefore, this book illustrates Biondo’s pastoral activity, the ideas and principles that supported his actions, and the objectives he was pursuing. Given these various objectives, this book is of interest to those scholars and academics interested in the religious tensions that swept through Europe in the years immediately preceding the Protestant Reformation and who, consequently, seek to investigate Biondo’s personal and complex answer to these tensions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36339-9
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    Simulating Science : Computer Simulations as Scientific Instruments (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031386473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 164 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 479
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Computer science.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction: Instruments of Futures Past -- Chapter 2. Computer Simulations in Science -- Chapter 3. The rise of a dichotomy -- Chapter 4. The via negativa: Computer Simulations as distinct -- Chapter 5. Technical Artifacts, Instruments and a Working Definition for Computer Simulations.-Chapter 6. Hybrid all the way down -- Chapter 7. Implications of the instruments view of computer simulation -- Chapter 8. Conclusion -- Index.
    Abstract: This book provides a philosophical framework to understand computer simulations as scientific instruments. This is in sharp contrast to existing philosophical approaches on the subject, which have historically understood computer simulations as either formal abstractions or as broadly construed empirical practices. In order to make its case, the volume contains a thorough examination of conventional philosophical approaches as well as their respective limitations. Yet, also, unlike other accounts of computer simulations from the perspective of the philosophy of science, this book incorporates insights from the philosophy of technology and the history of science. Hence, the book offers philosophers of science, technologists and other researchers interested in the topic, a thorough overview of the philosophical issues regarding the design, development and deployment of computer simulations in science and science-based policy making.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38647-3
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    From Stardust to First Cells : The Origin and Evolution of Early Life (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031233975
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 272 p. 82 illus., 69 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Physical geography. ; Paleontology . ; Earth sciences. ; Cosmology. ; Evolution (Biology).
    Abstract: Prologue -- Defining life -- Origin of life: a model of hierarchical complexity -- Cosmic connections -- cradle of life -- Bioenergetics and primitive metabolism -- Chemical stage -- Lipid membrane: encapsulating life -- The RNA world—reality or dogma? The age of information -- A code script for life -- The advent of proteins -- The virus world in deep time -- DNA takes over -- First life -- Life beyond earth -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: This book presents a groundbreaking hypothesis to answer one of the greatest scientific mysteries: How did life begin? Like a detective piecing together seemingly disparate bits of evidence, Dr. Sankar Chatterjee combines the most recent discoveries in cosmology, geology, chemistry, information systems, and biology, weaving a vast tapestry from the threads of current research. Dr. Chatterjee convincingly argues that the odyssey of life first began when the fundamental building blocks were brought to Earth by meteorites. These cosmic compounds concentrated and simmered like a soup in hydrothermal crater-caldrons. Through a system of subterranean vent networks, a biosynthetic-rich variety of organic compounds mixed and matched into a recipe of rich biomolecules guided by prebiotic information systems. Through symbiosis, these complex biopolymers gradually assemble into membrane-bound protocells. At each stage of this evolutionary progression, through natural selection, they refined with increasing stability and complexity, ultimately leading to the emergence of the first cells about four billion years ago. In this book, Dr. Chatterjee tells this story in rigorous detail in language that is both accessible and engaging.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23397-5
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    Universal aspects of scientific practice: commitment, methodology, and technique (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031416996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 103 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Physics
    Abstract: Introduction -- Case studies -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book provides a unique contribution to philosophy of science from the perspective of the practice of science. It focuses on processes that generate scientific knowledge and seeks general and universal features that characterize scientific practice; features that are inherent to the practice of science. Science is an activity, and the scientist is an agent who pursues some practice, which in one way or another engages evidence. In science, claims to knowledge are typically supported by argument that engages evidence at some point in explanation, in prediction, or indeed in any mode of presenting data and its interpretation. Thus, the practice of science includes at least three elements so that an argument can be formulated: presuppositions, modes of inference, and consequences that relate to evidence. The authors discuss in detail eight cases in chronological order with which they illustrate how commitment, methodology, and technique come into play in the practice of an individual physicist or a group of researchers in the physical sciences. Each case highlights aspects of the roles these categories play in scientific practice, where the goal is to generate and extend scientific knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41699-6
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    Knowledge, Literacy, and Elementary Education in the Old Babylonian Period (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031452260
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 145 p. 58 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: Introduction -- At the Eduba -- The Old Babylonian Shift -- Variety and uniformity -- Stabilizing knowledge -- Outside the Eduba -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book examines education as a means to explore knowledge and literacy in the Old Babylonian period. It further employs a new method to research these topics. Contrary to numerous existing studies on the subject, the author examines elementary education globally, that is, in pursuit of Old Babylonian education in its entirety. Typically, education is examined in a piecemeal fashion. It's as if education centered on lexicography alone or mathematics alone. This work encompasses a view about educational content and knowledge systems, as opposed to only specific aspects or branches of them. In doing so, a characterization of institution and society is made possible allowing the work to open new general perspectives on Mesopotamian knowledge, literacy, and education.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45226-0
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    Humanity In-Between and Beyond (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031279454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 218 p. 51 illus., 44 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Integrated Science 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Biology—Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Science—Social aspects. ; Bioethics. ; Medicine and the humanities. ; Biology ; Medicine ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1 A New Way of Coming-To-Be -- Chapter 2 Biodigital Being(s): Praxis Body Futures -- Chapter 3 Avatar Therapy and Clinical Care in Psychiatry: Underlying Assumptions, Epistemic Challenges, and Ethical Issues -- Chapter 4 Humanity’s In-Betweenness: Towards a Prehistory of Cyborg Life -- Chapter 5 “The Universe of the Person is the Universe of Man?”: Expanding the Schelerian Concepts of Philosophical Anthropology and Personhood into the 21st Century -- Chapter 6 Posthumanizing Relaxation in Science-Fiction ASMR -- Chapter 7 Human and Non-Human Persons in Not Inhuman Civilization -- Chapter 8 The eXtended Uni/Meta/Verse (XV) and the Liminal Spacesof Body, Ownership, and Control -- Chapter 9 Sophia: Potentials and Challenges of a Modern Cyborg -- Chapter 10 From Natural Humans to Artificial Humans and Back Again: An Integrative Neuroscience-AI Perspective on Confluence -- Chapter 11 The Transhuman Unbounded Existence: AI, Nanorobots, and Computational Simulation.
    Abstract: This volume discusses the definitional problems and conceptual strategies involved in defining the human. By crossing the boundaries of disciplines and themes, it offers a transdisciplinary platform for exploring the new ideas of the human and adjusting to the dynamic in which we are plunged. The emerging cyborgs and transhumans call for an urgent reconsideration of humans as individuals and collectives. The identity of the human in the 21st century eludes definitions underpinned by simplifying and simplified dichotomies. Affecting all the spheres of life, the discoveries and achievements of recent decades have challenged the bipolar categorizations of human/nonhuman and human/machine, real/virtual and thus opened the door to transdisciplinary considerations. Ours is a new world where the boundaries of normality and abnormality, a legacy of the long history of philosophy, medicine, and science need dismantling. We are now on our way to re-examine, re-understand, and re-describe what normal-abnormal, human-nonhuman, and I-we-they mean. We find ourselves facing what resembles the liminal stage of a global ritual, a stage of being in-between—between the old anthropocentric order and a new position of blurred boundaries. The volume addresses philosophical, bioethical, sociological, and cognitive approaches developed to transcend the binaries of human-nonhuman, natural-artificial, individual-collective, and real-virtual. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27945-4
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    Chaim L. Pekeris and the Art of Applying Mathematics with WEIZAC, 1955–1963 (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031271250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 123 p. 16 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Computers—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Technological innovations. ; Computers ; Science ; Technology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Pekeris, Computing and Applied Mathematics -- 2. Numerical Analysis in the Age of Electronic Computing -- 3. Integral Equations -- 4. Oscillations of the Earth -- 5. Ground State of Helium -- 6. Additional Research with Weizac -- 7. Concluding Remarks – Mathematics at Wis, Applied and Pure -- 8. References.
    Abstract: This book describes the groundbreaking work of Chaim Leib Pekeris and his collaborators. Between 1955 and 1963 they used the first electronic computer built in Israel, the Weizmann Automatic Computer (WEIZAC), to develop powerful numerical methods that helped achieve new and accurate solutions of the Boltzmann equation, calculate energy levels of the helium atom, produce detailed geophysical and seismological models derived from the study of the free oscillations of the earth, and refine models used to predict meteorological phenomena and global oceanic tides. This book provides a unique account of the pioneering work of Chaim L. Pekeris in applied mathematics and explains in detail the background to the rise of the Weizmann Institute as a world-class center of scientific excellence. This hitherto untold story is of great interest to historians of twentieth-century science with special emphasis on the application of computer-assisted numerical methods in various branches of mathematical physics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27125-0
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  • 36
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    Philosophy, History and Biology: Essays in Honour of Jean Gayon (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031281570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 329 p. 15 illus., 10 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction (P.-O. Méthot, F. Merlin, P. Huneman) -- Part I: Historical Epistemology and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 1. “From Historical Epistemology to Philosophy of Biology” (Pierre-Olivier Méthot) -- Chapter 2. “Jean Gayon and the Historical Perspective in Philosophy of Biology” (François Duchesneau) -- Chapter 3. “Taking Historical Epistemology to the International Scene” (Anastasios Brenner) -- Chapter 4. “Jean Gayon, History and Philosophy of Biology: A New Synthesis” (Thomas Pradeu) -- Chapter 5. "Title TBA" (Victor Petit) -- Part II: History of Evolutionary Theory and Genetics -- Chapter 6. “Jean Gayon and the History of French Genetics” (Richard Burian) -- Chapter 7. “Population Genetics and the Evolutionary Synthesis: Remarks on the Contribution of Jean Gayon” (David Depew) -- Chapter 8. “Local Traditions and the Death of Diffusion: Jean Gayon’s Contribution to Contemporary Narratives of ‘the Molecular Vision of Life’” (Edna Suarez) -- Chapter 9. “Jean Gayon on Alfred R. Wallace’s Contribution to Evolutionary Theory” (Jon Hodge) -- Part III: Case-studies in History and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 10. “Locating the Human in the Biological World: A Way into the Species Problem” (Phil Sloan). Chapter 11. “Lamarck: Philosopher of Nature” (Stéphane Tirard) -- Chapter 12. “A Critique of Jean Gayon’s Critiques of Cultural Evolution” (Jorge Martinez) -- Chapter 13. “Between Science and Ideology: The Case of Clemence Royer” (Gérard Chazal) -- Chapter 14. “Mill on Design and Natural Selection” (Denis Forest) -- Chapter 15. “Eighteenth-Century uses of Vitalism in constructing Biology” (Charles T. Wolfe) -- Part IV: Personal Reminiscences -- Chapter 16. “Practicing Evolutionary Biology with Jean Gayon” (Philippe Huneman) -- Chapter 17. “Historical Epistemology and Analytic Philosophy: The Path of a Singular Synthesis. Testimony of a Former Doctoral Student” (Élodie Giroux) -- Chapter 18. “Title TBA” (Staffan Müller-Wille) -- Chapter 19. “Jean Gayon: In Memoriam” (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger).
    Abstract: This book builds on recent scholarship highlighted in the edited collections, Philosophie, histoire, biologie: mélanges offerts à Jean Gayon (Merlin & Huneman, 2018) and Knowledge of Life Today (Gayon & Petit 2018/2019). While honoring the career and the thought of Jean Gayon (1949-2018), this book showcases the continued relevance of Gayon’s interdisciplinary work and illustrates his central place in the community of historians and philosophers of the life sciences. Chapters in this book address Jean Gayon’s intellectual trajectory from historical epistemology to the philosophy of biology, the nature and scope of his philosophical approach to the history of science, and his unique contributions to the history and epistemology of biological concepts and theories. Drawing on published and unpublished sources, the book explores some of Gayon’s most significant contributions to the philosophy, history, and social studies of biology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28157-0
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  • 37
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    Logical Empiricism and Naturalism : Neurath and Carnap’s Metatheory of Science (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031293283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 216 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Introduction -- 1. Naturalism and the Vienna Circle -- 2. Neurath’s Epistemology of Science -- 3. Neurath’s Conception of Protocol Statements -- 4. Carnapian Explication -- 5. Quine, Carnap, and Analyticity -- 6. Challenges to the Bipartite Metatheory Interpretation -- 7. Bipartite Metatheory in Application.
    Abstract: This text provides an extensive exploration of the relationship between the thought of Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, providing a new argument for the complementarity of their mature philosophies as part of a collaborative metatheory of science. In arguing that both Neurath and Carnap must be interpreted as proponents of epistemological naturalism, and that their naturalisms rest on shared philosophical ground, it is also demonstrated that the boundaries and possibilities for epistemological naturalism are not as restrictive as Quinean orthodoxy has previously suggested. Both building on and challenging the scholarship of the past four decades, this naturalist reading of Carnap also provides a new interpretation of Carnap’s conception of analyticity, allowing for a refutation of the Quinean argument for the incompatibility of naturalism and the analytic/synthetic distinction. In doing so, the relevance and potential importance of their scientific meta-theory for contemporary questions in the philosophy of science is demonstrated. This text appeals to students and researchers working on Logical Empiricism, Quine, the history of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy of science, as well as proponents of naturalized epistemology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29328-3
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  • 38
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    Current Debates in Philosophy of Science : In Honor of Roberto Torretti (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031323751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 456 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 477
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Physics
    Abstract: 1. Editor’s Introduction: Celebrating Roberto Torretti (Cristián Soto) -- 2. Roberto Torretti’s Philosophy of Science (Cristián Soto) -- 3. Du Châtelet on Absolute and Relative Motion (Katherine Brading and Qiu Lin) -- 4. Effective Field Theories: A Case Study for Torretti’s Perspective on Kantian Objectivity (Thomas Ryckman) -- 5. A Kantian-Rooted Pluralist Realism for Science (Olimpia Lombardi) -- 6. Mathematical Fictionalism Revisited (Otávio Bueno) -- 7. Functionalism as a Species of Reduction (Jeremy Butterfield and Henrique Gomes) -- 8. Intertheoretic Reduction in Physics beyond the Nagelian Model (Patricia Palacios) -- 9. Inductive Inferences on Galactic Redshift, Understood Materially (John D. Norton) -- 10. When Does a Boltzmannian Equilibrium Exist? (Charlotte Werndl and Roman Frigg) -- 11. Boltzmannian Non-Equilibrium and Local Variables (Roman Frigg and Charlotte Werndl) -- 12. Scientific Understanding in Astronomical Models from Eudoxus to Kepler (Pablo Acuña) -- 13. Reinterpreting Crucial Experiments (Alejandro Cassini) -- 14. Non-Reflexive Logics and Their Metaphysics. A Critical Appraisal (Jonas R. B. Arenhart) -- 15. Typicality of Dynamics and Laws of Nature (Aldo Filomeno) -- 16. The Case of Phonons: Explanatory or Ontological Priority (Hernán Lucas Accorinti, Sebastian Fortin, Manuel Herrera, and Jesús Jaimes Appendix: Publications by Roberto Torretti).
    Abstract: This volume collects previously unpublished contributions to the philosophy of science. What brings them together is a twofold goal: first and foremost, celebrating the name of Roberto Torretti, whose works in this and other areas have had –and continue to have– a significant impact on the international philosophy of science community; and second, the desire of advancing novel perspectives on various issues in the philosophy of science broadly construed. Roberto Torretti has made substantial contributions to current debates in the history and philosophy of science, the general philosophy of science, and the philosophy of physics and geometry. Among his landmark contributions, we find his investigations in the history and philosophy of geometry, as well as his systematic studies of Einstein's relativity theory. This volume convenes leading philosophers and early-career scholars compiling a fine collection of chapters addressing recent debates on Kantian philosophy of science, the general philosophy of science, and the history and philosophy of physics and mathematics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32375-1
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  • 39
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    Non-Reflexive Logics, Non-Individuals, and the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics : Essays in Honour of the Philosophy of Décio Krause (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031318405
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 330 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 476
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Metaphysics. ; Logic. ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Décio Krause, quantum mechanics, non individuality, and this volume (Jonas R. Becker Arenhart and Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo) -- 2. The pragmatics of quantum individuality (Dennis Dieks) -- 3. Quasi-structural realism (Steven French) -- 4. The roads to non-individuals (and how not to read their maps) (Jonas R. Becker Arenhart and Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo) -- 5. Particles? What do we mean by a particle? (Graciela Domenech) -- 6. A phenomenology of identity: about quantum (non-)particles (Michel Bitbol) -- 7. The perils of cardinality primitivism (Otávio Bueno) -- 8. Open problems in the development of a quantum mereology and their ontological implications (Federico Holik and Juan Pablo Jorge) -- 9. Indistinguishability in homodyne photo-detections (J. Acacio de Barros) -- 10. On the consistency of quasi-set theory (Adonai S. Sant’Anna) -- 11. About the ontological nature of quantum systems (Olimpia Lombardi) -- 12. The several measurement problems and the reality problem of quantum mechanics (F. A. Muller) -- 13. Measuring quantum superpositions (Or: “It is only the theory which decides what can be observed”) (Christian de Ronde) -- 14. A quantum approach to pattern recognition (Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini, and Giuseppe Sergioli) -- 15. On axiomatic formulations of the efficient market hypothesis (Newton C. A. da Costa, Francisco A. Doria, and G. Gallipolo).
    Abstract: This book discusses the philosophical work of Décio Krause. Non-individuality, as a new metaphysical category, was thought to be strongly supported by quantum mechanics. No one did more to promote this idea than the Brazilian philosopher Décio Krause, whose works on the metaphysics and logic of non-individuality are now widely regarded as part of the consolidated literature on the subject. This volume brings together chapters elaborating on the ideas put forward and defended by Krause, developing them in many different directions, commenting on aspects not completely developed so far, and, more importantly, critically addressing their current formulations and defenses by Krause himself. Given that Krause’s ideas do connect directly and indirectly with a wide array of subjects, such as the philosophy of quantum mechanics, more broadly understood, the philosophy of logic and logical philosophy, non-classical logics, metaphysics, and ontology, this volume contains important material for the research on logic and foundations of science, broadly understood. All the invited contributors have already worked with the ideas developed by Décio (some of them still work with them), being also distinct authors and extremely relevant in their areas of expertise. The volume is aimed at philosophers, including those of physics and quantum mechanics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31840-5
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  • 40
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    Handbook for the Historiography of Science (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031275104
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(12 illus., 7 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Historiographies of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Historiography. ; History ; Science
    Abstract: This book aims to perform a critical and broad assessment of the historiography of science produced from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. It presents its main authors, concepts, ideas, conceptions, and schools. It also analyzes the historical circumstances of the rise of the discipline history of science and the relations of the historiography of science with related areas. These chapters do not understand the historiography of science as a mere description or record of the history of science. Instead, they understand the historiography of science from the epistemological criteria and choices that guided the writing of the history of science in its different contexts. In other words, more than describing the record of the various possibilities of historiographical approaches to science, the chapters carry out an epistemological reflection to assess the bases, possibilities, scope, and limits of different historiographical conceptions, authors, and traditions that have established the writing of the history of science. This book can be conceived as a reference work not only for professional historians and philosophers but also for academics from different backgrounds who are initiating themselves in the universe of history and philosophy of science, be they scientists from different fields or young researchers from different backgrounds who want to start studying the history and philosophy of science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27510-4
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  • 41
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    The Many-Sidedness of George Minchin Minchin : Educator, Satirist, and Early Pioneer of Television (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031402432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 286 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 248
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Intellectual life ; Science ; History.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Eminent in the World: introduction and motivation -- Chapter 2. Minchin Minchin: Early Years And University in Ireland -- Chapter 3. Is the Monkey Smooth? A Career at Coopers Hill -- Chapter 4. An Honorary Maxwellian: Colleagues and Electromagnetic Theory -- Chapter 5. Ne Plus Ultra: Textbooks and Writing -- Chapter 6. Geometry Versus Euclid: Reforming the Teaching of Mathematics -- Chapter 7. Journeys to Al Fard and Other Exotic Destinations: Satires and Poems -- Chapter 8. Telephotographs: Photocells and Photo-batteries, 1880 – 1891 -- Chapter 9. Distant Scintillating Star: Starlight, X-rays, and Television, 1891 – 1908 -- Chapter 10. Balak, the Son of Zippor: Impulsion Cells and Wireless Telegraphy -- Chapter 11. Through Nature to eternity Final Years and Reflections.
    Abstract: This book is the first complete biography of George Minchin Minchin (1845–1914), professor of applied mathematics at the Royal Indian Engineering College. Minchin’s extraordinary range of accomplishments offers a unique inside view of the major technological and educational developments of late nineteenth century Britain. The scientific community’s excitement during the early days of electromagnetic theory, wireless telegraphy, and x-rays are revealed by Minchin’s letters to eminent friends (notably the Maxwellians, Oliver Lodge and George Francis Fitzgerald). This book also traces Minchin’s little-known pioneering work on photoelectricity, which led to the first electrical measurements of starlight and laid the foundations for solar cells and television. Minchin’s mathematical textbooks were praised for their lucidity, and his advanced pedagogical thinking underpinned his lifelong work on reforming science education. He explained scientific concepts for a general audience using science fiction poetry and critiqued contemporary society in sharp and humorous satires. These works provide fresh perspectives on the place of science in Victorian society. This book is for anyone fascinated by the late nineteenth century revolution in electrical technologies.This is also a valuable read for historians of science, and for those interested in technical education, and science and society in Victorian Britain.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40243-2
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  • 42
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    Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin" : The Emerging Context of Evolutionary Thinking (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031401657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 423 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Ontology.
    Abstract: Part I. Learning and Practicing Natural Philosophy in a World with Changing Species Ideas -- Part II. Elaborating a Theory of Species Transmutation -- Part IIPreface: From Biology to Darwin -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Why Learn Evolution from Darwin -- PART I Transformation of Species, from the beginning -- Debates About Life's Origin and Adaptive Powers in the Early Nineteenth-Century -- The Darwinian not Too Strictly Balanced Arrangement Between Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire -- 04 An Amazing Journey: Darwin and the Fuegians -- Part II. Constructing a Theory -- Darwin's First Writings: From the Beagle Voyage to his Transmutation Notebooks (1837-1839) and Essay (1844) -- The Development of Darwin's Theory: From Natural Theology to Natural Selection -- "Great as immensity, deep as eternity:" What Could the Grandeur of Life Say About God's Existence, according to Darwin? -- Mr. Darwin's Beloved Barnacles: Using Cirripedes to Understand Evolution in Origin of Species -- Wallace, Darwin, and the Relationship Between Species and Varieties (1858) -- There Have Been Few Such Naturalists Before, But Still...: Darwin's Public Account of Predecessors -- You Too Can Find “Grandeur in this View of Life”: A Linguistic Remedy for Resisting the Desire to Abandon Darwin’s Origin of Species -- PART III Spreading the New Theory to the World -- How Breeders Work Their Magic -- Darwin's Ideas on Variation Under the Lens of Current Evolutionary Genetics -- The Two Faces of Natural Selection -- The Newton of the Blade of Grass -- How "Random" is Evolutionary Change? -- The Initial Difficulties of Darwin's Theory -- Darwin and the Instinct: Why Study Collective Behaviors Performed Without Knowledge of its Purposes? -- Darwin for and Against Hybridism (OE08 Hybridism) -- From Old Objections to Novel Explanations: Darwin on the Fossil Record -- "Seed! Seed! Seed!": Geographical Distribution in On the Origin of Species -- The Meaning of Classification, Morphology, Embryology, and Rudimentary Organs to the Theory of Descent with Modifications -- 23 The Good Old Habit of Summarizing the Main Ideas -- Part IV. Epilogue: What Came Next was Extraordinary -- 24 Continuities and Ruptures: Comparing Darwin's On the Origin of Species and the Modern Synthesis -- 25 From the Modern Synthesis to the Other (Extended, Super, Postmodern…) Syntheses.I. Launching a Theory into the World -- Part IV. Epilogue: What Next?.
    Abstract: This book aims to encourage the reading of "On the Origin of Species" and to include it in the teaching of evolution. With a comprehensive overview of the development of Darwin's theory, the volume provides relevant aspects of Darwin's life and work in connection with the broader context of his time. The historical and philosophical analysis, mirrored in the socio-cultural scope, enables the diachronic reading of the text. It is built on various sources of historians and philosophers of science and sheds fresh light on them. Its uniqueness is the broad structure that covers four parts: the pre-Darwinian concepts of species changes; some key elements of Darwin's pursuit of the causes of evolution, from his voyage on Beagle to the publication of his groundbreaking work; chapter-by-chapter analysis of the "Origin"; and subsequent developments in evolutionary thought. This book is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, scholars in history, philosophy, and sociology of science and science education, as well as the general public.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40165-7
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  • 43
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    Theory, Evidence, Data: Themes from George E. Smith (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031410413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXIV, 379 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 343
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Smith, Smith and Seth, and Newton on “Taking to be True” (Jody Azzouni) -- 2. ‘To Witness Facts with the Eyes of Reason’: Herschel on Physical Astronomy and the Method of Residual Phenomena (Teru Miyake) -- 3. Newton on the Relativity of Motion and the Method of Mathematical Physics (Robert DiSalle) -- 4. Henry Cavendish and the Density of the Earth (Allan Franklin) -- 5. Does the Present Overdetermine the Past? (Craig W. Fox) -- 6. Newton’s Example of the Two Globes (Monica Solomon) -- 7. On Metaphysics and Method in Newton (Howard Stein) -- 8. Working Hypotheses, Mathematical Representation, and the Logic of Theory-Mediation (Zvi Biener, Mary Domski) -- 9. Newton’s Principia and Philosophical Mechanics (Katherine Brading) -- 10. Newton on Quadratures: a Brief Outline (Niccolò Guicciardini) -- 11. A tale of Two Forces: Metaphysics and its Avoidance in Newton’s Principia (Andrew Janiak) -- 12. Theory-Mediated Measurement and Newtonian Methodology (Michael Friedman) -- 13. Immediacy of Attraction and Equality of Interaction in Kant’s ‘Dynamics’ (Katherine Dunlop) -- 14. Remarks on J. L. Lagrange’s Méchanique Analitique (Sandro Caparrini) -- 15. Ptolemy’s Scientific Cosmology (N.M. Swerdlow) -- 16. Revisiting Accepted Science: the Indispensability of the History of Science (George E. Smith).
    Abstract: This book builds on the path-breaking work of George E. Smith and further explores the notions of evidence and confirmation in the exact sciences from two perspectives: conceptual and historical. Contributions in this volume investigate the philosophical presuppositions, explanatory scope, and historical precursors of evidence in mathematical physics and related disciplines. The papers are written by and of interest to philosophers and historians of science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41041-3
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  • 44
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    Critical Minerals, the Climate Crisis and the Tech Imperium (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031255779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 210 p. 21 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 65
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Human ecology—Study and teaching. ; Political planning. ; International relations. ; Political science. ; Human ecology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Foreword (Morgan Bazilian and Dolf Gielen) -- Introduction (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Section I -- Chapter 1. Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net zero futures and the tech imperium (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Chapter 2. Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of U.S.-China Relations (Xiaoyu Pu) -- Chapter 3. Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals (Kristin Vekasi) -- Section II -- Chapter 4. Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles (Roderick Eggert) -- Chapter 5. Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches (Constantine Karayannopoulos and Vasileios Tsianos) -- Chapter 6. The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain. (Chris Berry) -- Chapter 7. Raw material demands for the Green Transition. Risks, opportunities, and required actions to meet the 2030 climate targets. (Roland Gauß, Carsten Gellermann, Alexander Maurer) -- Section III -- Chapter 8. Social and environmental impacts of rare earth mining and processing: Scoping and preliminary assessment (Julie Michelle Klinger) -- Chapter 9. The Social Conundrum of Eco-centric Activism against Oceanic Minerals (Saleem Ali) -- Chapter 10. The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-term Environmental and Social Value Strategies (Owen Pell) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book examines the latest manifestations of resource competition. The energy transition and the digitalization of the global economy are both accelerating even as geopolitics driven by Sino-American hyper-competition become increasingly contentious. The volume brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, policy makers, institutional stakeholders, and industry experts to analyze not only the transition itself, but also the implications that the need for uninterrupted access to unprecedented levels of raw materials generates. By framing the challenges ahead for global society, governance, industry, international power politics, and the environment, the book asks hard questions about the choices that need to be made to reach net zero by mid-century. Moreover, it sheds light on different facets of the growing risks to what have been global interdependent supply chains in a way that is nuanced, balanced, and practical, thus pushing back on some of the most sensational headlines that breed confusion and may lead policymakers to make more narrow and less effective decisions. The volume is an outcome of “Rich Rocks, the Climate Crisis and the Tech-imperium” a Summer Institute at Caltech and the Huntington that took place in July 2021.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25577-9
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  • 45
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    Sky and Earth : Travelling with Dante Alighieri and Marco Polo (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031186110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 208 p. 17 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Physics—History. ; Literature, Medieval. ; Creative nonfiction. ; Science ; Physics
    Abstract: Prologue -- The Merchant and the Poet -- Ordinary Geniuses and Sorcerers -- The Gigantic Crystal -- The Enigma of the Lost Manuscript -- The Disease of Writing -- In the Darkness of Hell -- The Hill of Purgatory -- The Light of Heaven -- The Troubles of Botticelli -- A Non-Existent Book -- Diplomatic Missions -- The Art of Traveling -- The Endless Quarrels -- Venice and Florence -- The Opening of the Thirteenth Century -- The World Seen from Rialto. An Extraordinary Republic -- The Horses of San Marco -- The Art of Wool -- At the Roots of Hatred -- International Intrigue -- "How Other People's Bread Tastes Like Salt".
    Abstract: 700 years after Dante Alighieri's death, this book intertwines the voice of the great poet with that of an exceptional contemporary, Marco Polo, who was equally curious about the geography of both earthly and celestial worlds. If Polo was the “ordinary genius” of the XIII century, the designation of “sorcerer genius” must go to Alighieri, the man with encyclopedic wisdom, at ease with his era’s philosophy, theology, and science. The sorcerer genius—well versed in this world—must create their own, which he did with The Divine Comedy. On the other hand, The Travels of Marco Polo, the greatest classic in travel literature, offers wonder and provides delight. This book combines the unforgettable characters of both books, the darkness of the infernal landscapes with the immensity of the Asian deserts, the richness of the Mongol empire with the glamor of medieval philosophy, the aspirations and dreams of two great explorers with knowledge of the science of their time, as well as the ever-eternal cosmology. This is an accessible and entertaining book for high school students, scholars of scientific history and the history of ideas, and curious readers who want to know more about Dante and Marco Polo and their unquenchable thirst for knowledge. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-18611-0
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  • 46
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    Philosophy of Astrophysics : Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031266188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 332 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 472
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Molecules—Models. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Astronomy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Molecules ; Science ; Astronomy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction (Vera Matarese, Siska De Baerdemaeker, and Nora Mills Boyd) -- Part I: Theory, Observation, and the Relation Between Them. 2. Laboratory Astrophysics: Lessons for Epistemology of Astrophysics (Nora Mills Boyd) -- 3. A Crack in the Track of the Hubble Constant (Marie Gueguen) -- 4. Theory Testing in Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics (Jamee Elder) -- 5. Hybrid Enrichment of Theory and Observation in Next-Generation Stellar Population Synthesis (Lydia Patton) -- 6. Doing More with Less: Dark Matter & Modified Gravity (Niels C. M. Martens and Martin King) -- Part II: Models and Simulations. 7. Stellar Structure Models Revisited: Evidence and Data in Asteroseismology (Mauricio Suárez) -- 8. Idealizations in Astrophysical Computer Simulations (Melissa Jacquart and Regy-Null R. Arcadia) -- 9. Simulation Verification in Practice (Kevin Kadowaki) -- 10. (What) Do We Learn from Code Comparisons? A Case Study of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Implementations (Helen Meskhidze) -- 11. Simulation and Experiment Revisited: Temporal Data in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Shannon Sylvie Abelson) -- 12. What’s In a Survey? Simulation-Induced Selection Effects in Astronomy (Sarah C. Gallagher and Christopher Smeenk) -- Part III: Black Holes. 13. On the Epistemology of Observational Black Hole Astrophysics (Juliusz Doboszewski and Dennis Lehmkuhl) -- 14. Black Holes and Analogy (Alex Mathie) -- 15. Extragalactic Reality Revisited: Astrophysics and Entity Realism (Simon Allzén) -- Part IV: Concluding Thoughts. 16. Reflections by a Theoretical Astrophysicist (Kevin Heng) -- 17. Annotated Bibliography (Cameron C. Yetman).
    Abstract: This is an open access book. This book, the first edited collection of its kind, explores the recent emergence of philosophical research in astrophysics. It assembles a variety of original essays from scholars who are currently shaping this field, and it combines insightful overviews of the current state of play with novel, significant contributions. It therefore provides an ideal source for understanding the current debates in philosophy of astrophysics, and it offers new ideas for future cutting-edge research. The selection of essays offered in this book addresses methodological and metaphysical questions that target a wide range of topics, including dark matter, black holes, astrophysical observations and modelling. The book serves as the first standard resource in philosophy of astrophysics for all scholars who work in the field and want to expand or deepen their knowledge, but it also provides an accessible guide for all those philosophers and scientists who are interested in getting a first, basic understanding of the main issues in philosophy of astrophysics.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26618-8
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 47
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    Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant : Philosophy and Science in the Eighteenth Century (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031343407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 390 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 341
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant
    Keywords: 18. Jahrhundert (1700 bis 1799 n. Chr.) ; c 1700 to c 1800 ; Philosophy. ; History. ; Science ; Philosophy ; Geschichtsschreibung, Historiographie ; HISTORY / Historiography ; Historiography ; History of ideas ; Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900 ; PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / General ; PHILOSOPHY / Metaphysics ; Philosophie: Metaphysik und Ontologie ; Philosophische Traditionen und Denkschulen ; Philosophy ; Philosophy of science ; Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; SCIENCE / Philosophy & Social Aspects ; Wissenschaftsphilosophieund -theorie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Newton, Isaac 1643-1727 ; Naturwissenschaften ; Metaphysik ; Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1700-1800
    Abstract: Introduction -- 1. Disciplinary Transformations in the Age of Newton: The Case of Metaphysics (Alan Gabbey) -- 2. Leibniz’ Concept of Possible Worlds and the Analysis of Motion in Eighteenth-Century Physics (Hartmut Hecht) -- 3. The Limits of Intelligibility: The Status of Physical Sciences in d’Alemberts Philosophy (François De Gandt) -- 4. “In Nature as in Geometry”: Du Châtelet and the Post-Newtonian Debate on the Physical Significance of Mathematical Objects (Aaron Wells) -- 5. Order of Nature and Order of Science (Helmut Pulte) -- 6. Samuel Clarke’s Annotations in Jacques Rohault’s Traité de Physique, and How They Contributed to Popularising Newton’s Physics (Volkmar Schüller) -- 7. "Feigning Hypotheses”: non-Newtonian Approaches to Gravitation - Euler and Le Sage (Maria de Paz) -- 8. Kant on Extension and Force: Critical Appropriations of Leibniz and Newton (Eric Watkins) -- 9. Enlightenment Scotland’s Philosophico-Chemical Physics (David Wilson ) -- 10. Materialistic Theories of Mind and Brain (Ann Thomson ) -- 11. Kant’s Second Paralogism in Context: The Critique of Pure Reason on Whether Matter Can Think (Falk Wunderlich ) -- 12. Cosmological Constellations: Varieties of Cosmology Available to Kant in 1755 (Stephen Howard) -- 13. Natural or Artificial Systems? The Eighteenth-Century Controversy on Classification and its Philosophical Contexts (Wolfgang Lefèvre ) -- 14. Beyond Newton, Leibniz, and Kant: Constrained Motion and New Conceptual Foundations, 1740-1800 (Marius Stan) -- Appendix 1.Newton’s scholia from David Gregory’s Estate on the Propositions IV trough IX Book III of his Principia -- Appendix 2. The Concepts of Immanuel Kant’s Natural Philosophy (1747-1780): A Database Rendering their Explicit and Implicit Networks.
    Abstract: This extended new edition offers a multifaceted insight into a period of intellectual history in the West in which the balance between speculative theories and experiential science was reset. As is well known, the interrelationship between philosophy and science underwent a profound change in the early modern period, in the course of which the sciences freed themselves from the conceptual framework of traditional metaphysics. The contributions of the volume focus on the eighteenth century, the critical and quite contradictory final phase of this process. The volume distinguishes itself by tracing this transition process not only in the obvious case of the new mechanics - Newtonianism and analytic mechanics - but also by addressing new speculative philosophies of nature - early modern atomism or imponderable physics - and new metaphysical controversies such as the body-mind problem (Can matter think?) as well as developments in special scientific fields such as cosmology/astronomy and natural history. The volume is written by historians of philosophy and the sciences of the early modern period and is intended primarily for specialists and students in these fields of knowledge. However, it is certainly also interesting and useful for cultural historians working on this period.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34340-7
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  • 48
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    Johannes von Kries: Principles of the Probability Calculus : A Logical Investigation (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031365065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXIII, 250 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. The Meaning of Probability Statements -- 2. The Establishment of Equally Warranted Premises -- 3. The Theory of Games of Chance -- 4. The Special Theory of Probability -- 5. Varieties of Numeric Probability -- 6. Establishing and Justifying Statements about Probability -- 7. On the Significance of the Range Principle, and the Probability Calculus -- 8. Application of the Probability Calculus in Theoretical Physics -- 9. More Applications of the Probability Calculus -- 10. On the History of Probability Theory -- 11. On the Theory of Probability -- 12. Conventions of Measurement in Psychophysics.
    Abstract: This book provides an English translation of the work Principles of the Probability Calculus published in 1886 by Johannes von Kries, which discusses the range theory of probability. It offers a novel account of the foundations of probability, an account which was familiar to Keynes, Kneale, Weber, Reichenbach, and von Mises. This account dispenses with the principle of indifference in probability, and it introduces the method of arbitrary functions. Confusions in the history of probability are pinpointed, and a novel theory is developed in which probability is neither entirely subjective nor objective. The book develops what is known as the range theory or Spielraum theory in detail, in a narrative way using few formulas. Von Kries applies range theory to Boltzmann’s theory of the statistical behaviour of gases, and to several applications in medical statistics. Many uses of probability are found wanting; very often they are found not to admit any expression of probability in numbers at all. The book will be of first interest to philosophers of science and historians interested in the foundations of probability. It is also of general interest to anyone who applies statistics everyday in such fields as econometrics, psychology, or medicine.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36506-5
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  • 49
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    Exploring the Contributions of Women in the History of Philosophy, Science, and Literature, Throughout Time (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031396304
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 198 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Science ; Science ; Women
    Abstract: Women and Science in Antiquity: An Overview of an Underestimated Driving Force -- Sappho’s (630-570) Poetics and the Science of her Time -- New Sappho” as a Philosopher of Time? -- : Diversifying History and Philosophy of Physics: How to Integrate Women into Teaching Practices -- Contributions of Women Philosophers to A Naturalist Account of Living Beings -- A Forgotten Name in Natural History: Maria Sibylla Merian -- Space and time: mathematical and moral thoughts in Sophie Germain and Blaise Pascal -- Unknown 19th Century Southern Philosopher: An Introduction to Sarah Dorsey -- Stebbing and Russell on Bergson: Early Analytics on Continental Thought -- Alfred and Evelyn: A comparison of Alfred N. Whitehead’s and Evelyn Fox Keller’s Philosophy of science -- Reclaiming our Health: Greek feminist birth control movements as a form of women’s engagement with science. .
    Abstract: This book explores contributions by some of the most influential women in the history of philosophy, science, and literature. Ranging from Sappho and Sophie Germain to Stebbing and Evelyn Fox Keller, this work ultimately demonstrates the impact these non-canonical, sometimes unknown or hidden, sources had, or may have had, on the recognized male leaders in their fields, from Aristotle to Pascal, Kant, Whitehead, and Russell. Chapters reflect philosophical pluralism, both analytic and continental themes, and cover figures reaching across the entire history of ideas in the West, from pre-historic times to the twentieth century. Anyone interested in coming to know or in preparing to teach women in the history of philosophy, science, and literature will appreciate this collection and its myriad insights into the still unrecognized voices of non-canonical sources across these disciplines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39630-4
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  • 50
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    Situated Cognition Research : Methodological Foundations (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031397448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 310 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy of mind. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction by the Editors -- Category I – Philosophy of Science. Chapter 2. A Provisional Guide to a 4E Methodology; Mark-Oliver Casper -- Chapter 3. Explanatory Diversity and Embodied Cognitive Science: Reflexivity motivates Pluralism; Guilherme Sanches de Olivera -- Chapter 4. Putting the Brain (Back) at Its Own Place: Forms of Life and Normative Practices; Pierre Steiner -- Chapter 5. Ecological Psychology, Enaction, and the Quest for a Radical Embodied Cognitive Science; Manuel Heras-Escribano -- Category II – Ontology of the Mind -- Chapter 6. The Location of Cognition – Three Notions of Constitution and the Need for Pragmatic Norms; Beate Krickel -- Chapter 7. Dissolving the Causal-Constitutive Fallacy: Diachronic Constitution and the Metaphysics of (Extended) Cognition; Julian Kiverstein & Michael Kirchhoff -- Chapter 8. Predictive Processing and Extended Consciousness: Why the Machinery of Consciousness Is (Probably) Still in the Head and the DEUTS Argument Won’t Let It Leak Outside; Marco Facchin -- Category III – Applications -- Chapter 9. The Phenomenon of Context in Affordance Perception: Empirical Evidence and Phenomenological Considerations; Giuseppe Flavio Artese -- Chapter 10. Chronic Pain, Enactivism, and the Challenges of Integration; Sabrina Coninx & Peter Stilwell.
    Abstract: This volume assembles supporters and critics of situated cognition research to evaluate the intricacies, prerequisites, possibilities, and scope of a 4E methodology. The contributions are divided into three categories. The first category entails papers dealing with a 4E methodology from the perspective of epistemology and philosophy of science. It discusses whether to support explanatory pluralism or explanatory unification and focuses on possible compromises between ecological psychology and enactivism. The second category addresses ontological questions regarding the synchronic and diachronic constitution of cognitive phenomena, the localization of cognitive processes, and the theoretical issue of mutual manipulability. The third category analyzes how the theoretical and practical commitments of 4E approaches lead to empirically supported investigations of different phenomena, such as research on affordances and (chronic) pain. The book renews attention to the possible adverse consequences coming along with methodical fragmentation, as found among 4E positions. It provides an overdue first step towards a systematic and positive answer to methodological concerns in situated cognition research. Without this and further steps in the future, the growth of 4E´s significance for the scientific study of the mind might stall or even decrease. With such steps, situated cognition research could realize its frequently highlighted but so far not comprehensively accessed potential to change radically the modalities of how cognitive phenomena are studied. This volume is of interest to scholars of the philosophy of mind.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39744-8
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  • 51
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    Logic, Epistemology, and Scientific Theories - From Peano to the Vienna Circle (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031421907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 336 p. 5 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science ; Philosophy ; Science ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Part I Logic, Epistemology, and Scientific Theories. From Peano to the Vienna Circle -- 1. Introduction: Symbolic Logic and Scientific Philosophy -- 2. Peano’s Geometry: From Empirical Foundations to Abstract Development -- 3. Altered States. Borel and the Probabilistic Approach to Reality -- 4. "Poincaré: the Philosopher" by Léon Brunschvicg. A Perspective -- 5. Leibniz and the Vienna Circle -- 6. Schlick, Weyl, Husserl: On Scientific Philosophy -- 7. Federigo Enriques and the Philosophical Background to the Discussion of Implicit Definitions -- 8. Schlick and Carnap on Definitions -- 9. Russell and Carnap or Bourbaki? Two Ways Towards Structures -- 10. Carnap and Gödel, Again -- Part II General Part -- 11. Returns of Modality: Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and Arthur Pap -- 12. Is Wittgenstein Still an Analytic Philosopher? -- 13. Frank on Special Relativity: 1908-1912 -- Part III Reviews -- 14. Review Essay: Mark Textor, The Disappearance of the Soul and the Turn against Metaphysics. Austrian Philosophy 1874–1918 -- 15. Review Essay: Rudolf Carnap, Tagebücher, Band 1 und 2, Meiner Verlag 2021 -- 16. Review: Adam Tuboly, The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic.
    Abstract: This book provides a collection of chapters on the development of scientific philosophy and symbolic logic in the early twentieth century. The turn of the last century was a key transitional period for the development of symbolic logic and scientific philosophy. The Peano school, the editorial board of the Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, and the members of the Vienna Circle are generally mentioned as champions of this transformation of the role of logic in mathematics and in the sciences. The scholarship contained provides a rich historical and philosophical understanding of these groups and research areas. Specifically, the contributions focus on a detailed investigation of the relation between structuralism and modern mathematics. In addition, this book provides a closer understanding of the relation between symbolic logic and previous traditions such as syllogistics. This volume also informs the reader on the relation between logic, the history and didactics in the Peano School. This edition appeals to students and researchers working in the history of philosophy and of logic, philosophy of science, as well as to researchers on the Vienna Circle and the Peano School.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42190-7
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  • 52
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    Technology assessment in a globalized world : facing the challenges of transnational technology governance (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031106170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 271 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Social aspects. ; Political science. ; Globalization. ; Science ; Globalisierung ; Technikbewertung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Auswirkung ; Institutionalisierung ; Global Governance ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Erde
    Abstract: This open access book explores the relevance of the concept of technology assessment (TA) on an international and global level. Technologies play a key role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, population aging, digitization, and health. At the same time, their use increases the need for coordinated action and governance at the global level in the field of science, technology and innovation (STI). Featuring case studies on STI fields such as energy, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and health technology, as well as TA activities at the national and international levels, this book reflects on the challenges and opportunities of global technology governance. It also provides an in-depth discussion of current governmental STI cultures and systems, societal expectations, and the policy priorities needed to achieve coordinated and effective STI intervention in policymaking and public debate at the global level. Lastly, the book promotes the establishment of a forum for a truly global dialogue of TA practitioners, fostering the articulation of their needs, knowledge and perspectives.
    Note: Open Access , Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise , Introduction : technology assessment beyond national boundaries , Tracing technology assessment internationally—TA activities in 12 countries across the globe , Technology assessment in a multilateral science, technology and innovation system , Globalisation as reflexive modernisation—implications for S&T governance , Technology assessment and public spheres in the context of globalization : a blueprint for the future , Technology assessment in developing countries : the case of India—examples of governmental and informal TA , Climate change—does the IPCC model provide the foundation for a potential global technology assessment framework? , Challenges of global technology assessment in biotechnology—bringing clarity and better understanding in fragmented global governance , Artificial intelligence—a new knowledge and decision-making paradigm? , Global systems resilience and pandemic disease—a challenge for S&T governance , The shape of global technology assessment , Appendix : technology assessment activities in Australia, Brazil, Central Europe, Chile, China, India, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, and the USA
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-10617-0
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Soft Errors (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (439 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Soft errors are a multifaceted issue at the crossroads of applied physics and engineering sciences. Soft errors are by nature multiscale and multiphysics problems that combine not only nuclear and semiconductor physics, material sciences, circuit design, and chip architecture and operation, but also cosmic-ray physics, natural radioactivity issues, particle detection, and related instrumentation. Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits addresses the problem of soft errors in digital integrated circuits subjected to the terrestrial natural radiation environment-one of the most important primary limits for modern digital electronic reliability. Covering the fundamentals of soft errors as well as engineering considerations and technological aspects, this robust text: Discusses the basics of the natural radiation environment, particle interactions with matter, and soft-error mechanisms Details instrumentation developments in the fields of environment characterization, particle detection, and real-time and accelerated tests Describes the latest computational developments, modeling, and simulation strategies for the soft error-rate estimation in digital circuits Explores trends for future technological nodes and emerging devices Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits presents the state of the art of this complex subject, providing comprehensive knowledge of the complete chain of the physics of soft errors. The book makes an ideal text for introductory graduate-level courses, offers academic researchers a specialized overview, and serves as a practical guide for semiconductor industry engineers or application engineers.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 25, 2015) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    The Science of Defoaming (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (598 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In the 20 years since the publication of the author's multi-contributor volume on defoaming, a vast amount of new work has been published and many new insights have been revealed. A cohesive, single-authored book, The Science of Defoaming: Theory, Experiment and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of the topic. It describes the mode of action of antifoams, presenting the relevant theory and the supporting experimental evidence. Beginning with an introductory chapter that discusses the intrinsic properties of foam, the book then describes experimental methods for measuring foam properties important for studying antifoam action and techniques used in establishing the mode of action of antifoams. Since most commercially effective antifoams are oil based, a chapter is devoted to the entry and spreading behavior of oils and the role of thin film forces in determining that behavior. The book reviews the mode of action of antifoams, including theories of antifoam mechanisms and the role of bridging foam films by particles and oil drops. It also addresses issues related to the effect of antifoam concentration on foam formation by air entrainment and the process of deactivation of mixed oil-particle antifoams during dispersal and foam generation. For applications where chemical antifoam use is unacceptable, the text examines mechanical means of defoaming, such as the use of rotary devices and ultrasound. The final chapters consider the application of defoaming in radically different contexts including waterborne latex paints and varnishes, machine washing of textiles, gas-oil separation in crude oil production, and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Focusing on the basic science of defoaming, this book presents a balanced view, which also addresses the challenges that may arise for these specific defoaming applications.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 9, 2013) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Advanced Biophotonics (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (733 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Despite a number of books on biophotonics imaging for medical diagnostics and therapy, the field still lacks a comprehensive imaging book that describes state-of-the-art biophotonics imaging approaches intensively developed in recent years. Addressing this shortfall, Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning presents contemporary methods and applications of biophotonics imaging. Gathering research otherwise scattered in numerous physical, chemical, biophysical, and biomedical journals, the book helps researchers, bioengineers, and medical doctors understand major recent bioimaging technologies and the underlying biophotonics science. Well-known international experts explore a variety of "hot" biomedical optics and biophotonics problems, including the use of photoacoustic imaging to investigate the molecular and cellular processes in living systems. The book also covers Monte Carlo modeling, tissue optics and tissue optical clearing, nonlinear optical microscopy, various aspects of optical coherence tomography, multimodal tomography, adaptive optics, and signal imaging. With 58 color images, this book represents a valuable contribution to the biomedical and biophotonics literature. Designed for researchers and practitioners in biophotonics, the book is also a useful resource for scientists in laser physics and technology, fiber optics, spectroscopy, materials science, biology, and medicine as well as students studying biomedical physics and engineering, biomedical optics, and biophotonics.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 23, 2013) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781439895818/?ar
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  • 56
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    Project Development in the Solar Industry (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (250 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book provides an extensive overview of utility scale solar project development and the various tasks required to bring large solar power plants from plans to realities. The various topics have been organized and presented in a way to clearly define important development fundamentals including basic business and legal considerations. The reader is also guided through the more complex aspects of renewable energy development such as how to choose the ideal project site. Further, while the book is appropriate for a cover to cover read-through it is also designed to be an excellent go-to reference, a HANDBOOK FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT. Edited by: Albie Fong and Jesse Tippett with contributions from: Arturo Alvarez, Jeffery Atkin, William DuFour III, Perry Fontana, William Hugron, Jason Keller, Tyler M. Kropf, Michael Mendelsohn, Brett Prior, Scott Reynolds, Pilar Rodriguez-Ibáñez, Katherine Ryzhaya Poster and Alfonso Tovar ELECTRONIC ENHANCEMENTS The book’s companion website http://www.solarbookteam.com provides contact information for all authors to the book and access to the key resources highlighted in the text. This tailored media platform provides supplemental and exclusive information that is up-to-date with the present state of the solar industry.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 5, 2012) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9780415621083/?ar
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