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  • KOBV  (68)
  • 1985-1989  (68)
  • Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press  (68)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511598890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 183 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet studies 67
    DDC: 305.5/2/094765
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1966-1986 ; Politische Elite ; Belarus
    Abstract: Control of office has long been regarded as the key element in understanding power and policy in the Soviet system. What, however, accounts for the control of office and how are individuals recruited into positions of power and responsibility? In An Algebra of Soviet Power, Michael Urban adopts a fresh approach and introduces into the field of political elite studies the sociological technique of vacancy chain analysis. This treats the movements of actors as sequences of complex inter-relations that are structured by the properties and powers of the personnel system rather than by the consequences of individual intentions or characteristics. This algebraic method is applied to a large body of career data of officials from the Soviet Republic of Belorussia for the period 1966–86. The author documents how, despite the formal systems of nomenklatura - central control over personnel placement - the flow of individuals through the hierarchy of offices in Belorussia has not been influenced by any coordinating policy issuing from Moscow or Minsk. Instead regionalism has played an important, and patronage the decisive, role in the system.
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  • 2
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511525599
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 223 pages)
    DDC: 304.2/01
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    Keywords: Ökologische Philosophie ; Humanökologie
    Abstract: The basic thesis of the work is that environmental problems are only to be solved by people - people who will be required to make value judgements in conflicts that go beyond narrowly conceived human concerns. Thus people require not only an ethical system, but a way of conceiving the world and themselves such that the intrinsic value of life and nature is obvious, a system based on 'deep ecological principles'. The book encourages readers to identify their own series of such parameters - their own ecosophies. Ecology, Comunity and Lifestyle will appeal to philosophers, specialists working on environmental issues, and the more general reader who is interested in learning some of the foundational ideas of the rapidly expanding field of environmental philosophy.
    Note: This work contains translations of some parts of the fifth edition of Økologi, samfunn, og livsstil , Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
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  • 3
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511522772
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 449 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 7
    DDC: 306/.09421
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    Abstract: The enormous growth of London during the early modern period brought with it major social problems, yet, as Steve Rappaport demonstrates in this innovative study, Tudor London was essentially a stable society, subject to stress but never seriously threatened by widespread popular unrest or other forms of instability. Professor Rappaport looks once again at the nature, causes, and effects of the principal threats to the capital's stability in the sixteenth century - the threefold increase in population, the economic impact of such demographic expansion, the substantial rise in prices and the inequitable distribution of wealth and power - and concludes that historians have hitherto exaggerated the severity of such problems and over-simplified their effects. Professor Rappaport's researches suggest that the institutional superstructure of the capital was more adaptable, its small social organisations more resilient, and opportunities for social mobility far greater than many historians have acknowledged. Worlds Within Worlds combines sophisticated quantitative analysis with vivid empirical detail, and mounts a major challenge to much current thinking about urban life in early modern Britain.
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  • 4
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511558023
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 266 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 66
    DDC: 946/.6
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Basken ; Baskenland ; Elgeta
    Abstract: Set against the historical background of Spain's unification as a modern state, this book is a study of a complex, frequently violent, political phenomenon - Basque nationalism - which after ninety years continues to constitute a major challenge to Spain's established political order. It examines the origins of Basque nationalism in the Basque industrial heartland of Bilbao in the 1890s and analyses its development up to 1980 when the Basque country finally achieved home rule. In particular, the book shows how Basque nationalism operated upon the residents of the Basque country, divided by culture, loyalties, divergent economic and political aspirations and history, to create a new and exclusive political entity - the Basque nation. The main fieldwork was conducted during the two years surrounding the death of General Franco in 1975, a period of exceptional violence in the Basque country that marked Spain's transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one. Using a theoretical approach, the book provides an empirical analysis of one of Spain's most intractable political problems during a decisive period of Spanish history.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
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  • 5
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511624995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 311 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in rationality and social change
    DDC: 305
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    Abstract: The question Jon Elster addresses in this challenging book is what binds societies together and prevents them from disintegrating into chaos and war. He analyses two concepts of social order: stable, predictable patterns of behaviour, and co-operative behaviour. The book examines various aspects of collective action and bargaining from the perspective of rational-choice theory and the theory of social norms. It is a fundamental assumption of the book that social norms provide an important kind of motivation for action that is irreducible to rationality. The book represents a major statement by Elster, which will be of particular interest to political scientists, political philosophers, sociologists, and economists.
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  • 6
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511523533
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 325 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 8
    DDC: 304.6/09494/7
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    Abstract: This book follows the social, economic and demographic transformations of the Alpine area from the late Middle Ages. Its aim is to reassess the image of the upland community which emerges from the work of historians, geographers and social anthropologists. The book therefore deals at length with such problems as the causes and consequences of emigration and patterns of marriage and inheritance in favouring or hampering the adjustments of local populations to changing economic or ecological circumstances, and tackles the vexed question of the relative importance of cultural and environmental factors in shaping family forms and community structures. Although its foundation lies in a long period of anthropological fieldwork conducted in an Alpine community, Upland Communities relies on the methods and conceptual tools of historical demography. Combined with a long-term historical perspective, its broad comparative approach unveils an unexpected diversity in regional and spatial demographic patterns and questions a number of deep-rooted but ultimately misleading notions concerning mountain society and its alleged backwardness in the past.
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  • 7
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511570889
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 387 pages)
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 301/.01
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    Keywords: Einführung
    Abstract: This book sets out a generative structuralist conception of general theoretical sociology; its philosophy, its problems, and its methods. The field is defined as a comprehensive research tradition with many intersecting subtraditions that share conceptual components. The focus is on formalization and unification as processes that can help advance the state of theory today. An integrative philosophy of the field is set out in terms of a process worldview, with a focus on generativity in explanation and a conception of the structure of theories as hierarchical meaning control systems. This philosophy is implemented in two phases. In the first phase, Professor Fararo defines the core problems of theoretical sociology in the context of setting out and illustrating the logic of a nonlinear dynamical social systems framework. A critical analysis of the outcome of this phase then leads, in the second phase, to formal treatments of action principles and structural analysis. A variety of traditions are drawn upon to treat theoretical problems of order and integration, as well as to examine searchingly problems of formalization and unification in theoritical sociology.
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  • 8
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621659
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 276 pages)
    DDC: 306/.3
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    Keywords: Geld ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume deals with the way in which money is symbolically represented in a range of different cultures, from South and South-east Asia, Africa and South America. It is also concerned with the moral evaluation of monetary and commercial exchanges as against exchanges of other kinds. The essays cast radical doubt on many Western assumptions about money: that it is the acid which corrodes community, depersonalises human relationships, and reduces differences of quality to those of mere quantity; that it is the instrument of man's freedom, and so on. Rather than supporting the proposition that money produces easily specifiable changes in world view, the emphasis here is on the way in which existing world views and economic systems give rise to particular ways of representing money. But this highly relativistic conclusion is qualified once we shift the focus from money to the system of exchange as a whole. One rather general pattern that then begins to emerge is of two separate but related transactional orders, the majority of systems making some ideological space for relatively impersonal, competitive and individual acquisitive activity. This implies that even in a non-monetary economy these features are likely to exist within a certain sphere of activity, and that it is therefore misleading to attribute them to money. By so doing, a contrast within cultures is turned into a contrast between cultures, thereby reinforcing the notion that money itself has the power to transform the nature of social relationships.
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  • 9
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    Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9789814380362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 245 pages)
    DDC: 306.6/943377/09593
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    Abstract: The fundamental premise of this study is that the Buddhist sangha and Buddhist teachings play a key symbolic role in legitimating the exercise of secular power in Thailand. The author argues that a clear appreciation of the political legitimatory function of Buddhism provides the key to understanding the major theoretical and administrative changes that have taken place within Thai Buddhism in this century.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 24 Nov 2015)
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  • 10
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511521218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 145 pages)
    Series Statement: New directions in archaeology
    DDC: 306/.3
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    Keywords: Lebensmittelversorgung ; Vorratswirtschaft ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Konferenzschrift 1984 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1984 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Bad Year Economics explores the role of risk and uncertainty in human economics within an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural framework. Drawing on archaeology, anthropology, and ancient and modern history, the contributors range widely in time and space across hunting, farming and pastoralism, across ancient states, empires, and modern nation states. The aim, however, is a common one: to analyse in each case the structure of variability - particularly with regard to food supply - and review the range of responses offered by individual human communities. These responses commonly exploit various forms of mobility, economic diversification, storage, and exchange to deploy local or temporary abundance as a defence against shortage. Different levels of response are used at different levels of risk. Their success is fundamental to human survival and their adoption has important ramifications throughout cultural behaviour.
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  • 11
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511898297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 208 pages)
    DDC: 301/.092
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: The most influential sociologist to have emerged in the United States, Talcott Parsons developed a distinctive theoretical synthesis which drew on Weber, Smobart, Durkheim and Marx. He was the moving spirit behind the interdisciplinary Department of Social Relations at Harvard, and he became a central figure in the development of the social sciences in post-war America. Interest in his theories is now reviving, after a period of neglect, and Bruce C. Wearne's study will help a generation of scholars to reassess his work. Drawing on unpublished papers, Wearne describes Parson's religious background and his education and traces the impact of German and other social theory on his development as a scholar. The book concludes with a thorough and fresh reading of his classic work, The Social System.
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  • 12
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781139084864
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 296 pages)
    DDC: 306.8/099
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    Keywords: Frau ; Akkulturation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Familie ; Familiensoziologie ; Pazifischer Raum ; Ozeanien ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: The combined forces of mission evangelism and colonial intervention have transformed the everyday family life of Pacific peoples. The dramatic changes that affected the political and economic autonomy of indigenous people in the region also had significant effects on domestic life. This book, originally published in 1989, examines the ways in which this happened. Using the insights of history and anthropology, chapters cover a wide range of geographical range, extending from Hawaii to Australia. The authors examine changes in medicine and health, religious beliefs, architecture and settlement, and the restructuring of the domestic realm. The book raises issues of concern to a wide range of interests: the peoples and history of the Pacific, the broader questions of colonialism and missionary endeavour, and the changing structure of the family.
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  • 13
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511528842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 357 pages)
    DDC: 303.48/3
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1815-1914 ; Sozialgeschichte 1815-1914 ; Ingenieur ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: New Profession, Old Order explores the creative tension between modern technology and preindustrial Germany. It offers an explanation of why the engineering profession is so successful in transforming the physical world, did not achieve the professional power, cohesion, and prestige that its technological accomplishments would seem to have warranted. On the one hand, engineers were agents of modern instrumental rationality, specialization, practical knowledge, and entrepreneurial capitalism - forces antiasthetical to the quasi-aristocratic world of Bildung and bureaucracy that was the life blood of the preindustrial social hierarchy. On the other hand, it was this latter universe in which engineers had to survive and by whose standards they were judged for membership in the educated middle class or for access to prestigious careers. The result was an orientation that combined the old and the new in ways that were at once uniquely German and paradigmatic for modern industrial society.
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  • 14
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511599354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 209 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in historical geography 14
    DDC: 306.34
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1918-1988 ; Bauernverband ; Landwirtschaftsgenossenschaft ; Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Frankreich
    Abstract: This book examines the social history and historical geography of the most important agricultural pressure groups in France since about 1918. Some were practical and pragmatic groups (co-operatives, banks and mutual-aid associations), others were inspired by right- or left-wing political movements (the Peasant Corporation under Vichy), yet others were sponsored by the Catholic Church (the Young Christian Farmers). Whatever their origins, all were important in shaping the evolution of French farming this century. The transformation of an isolated, autarkic peasantry into highly efficient agricultural producers, the role of the state in influencing agricultural modernization and the place of the European community in French political and agricultural life have been affected by an increasingly complex and interlinked network of organizations that are the subject of this book. Their history and geography are revealing indicators of the social, cultural and economic evolution of rural France and, by combining an historical approach with a consideration of their contemporary role, the book serves to elucidate their role in shaping the countryside of the future.
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  • 15
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511759901
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 303 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Latin American studies 67
    DDC: 304.6/0981
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    Keywords: Soziale Ungleichheit ; Sterblichkeit ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Einkommensverteilung ; Brasilien
    Abstract: This book examines how transformations in Brazil's social, economic and political organization affect the demographic behaviour of people who live in different parts of the country and who occupy different positions in the social system. The authors review the history of unequal development and document the concentration of income and land ownership. Using data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, they show how the Brazilian style of economic growth unequally affected different population subgroups. Mortality estimates for white and non-white people measure the consequences of racial inequality on the life chances of children. Other chapters investigate rural out-migration, the impact of Amazon colonization schemes on rural poverty, and the implications of differential rates of population growth among rich and poor households for future patterns of inequality and underemployment. The overall perspective places the concept of inequality at the centre of the study of demographic and structural change.
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  • 16
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511571237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 351 pages)
    Series Statement: Environment and behavior series
    DDC: 304.2
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    Keywords: Territorialverhalten ; Umweltpsychologie ; Mensch ; Kleingruppe ; Individuum ; Einführung ; Einführung
    Abstract: 'Territorial functioning' refers to an interlocked system of sentiments, cognitions, and behaviors that are highly place-specific, and socially and culturally determined and maintaining. In this book, Ralph Taylor explores the consequences of human territorial functioning for individuals, small groups, and the ecological systems in which they operate. His exploration is illuminated by his evolutionary perspective, and grounded in empirical studies by social scientists and in theoretical work on the evolution of social and spatial behaviors. He systematically reviews the related research and theory, and indicates the importance of territorial functioning to current social and environmental problems. Contrary to popular wisdom, he argues that territorial functioning is relevant only to limited locations, such as street blocks, and not to neighborhoods or nation states, and that it reduces conflicts and helps maintain settings and groups. His theoretically focused examination of all that has been discovered about human territorial functioning will interest a wide variety of environmental psychologists and designers, urban sociologists, social psychologists, planners, and ethologists, and their students.
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  • 17
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511558153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 205 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 65
    DDC: 306.8/3/097292
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte ; Verwandtschaft ; Familie ; Soziale Klasse ; Jamaika ; Westindien ; Guyana
    Abstract: Is a family system that permits freedom to enter, dissolve, and re-enter sexual unions, that tolerates high illegitimacy rates, and allows a large proportion of households to be headed by women, viable, natural and healthy? This is an appropriate question to ask of many modern industrial societies in the 1980s. Yet a system with just those factors has been in place in the West Indies for 150 years. In this book, Raymond T. Smith explores the extensive family and kinship ties of West Indians in Jamaica and Guyana, and in so doing dispels many of the myths that exist about West Indian family life.
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  • 18
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511663949
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 259 pages)
    Series Statement: Human development in cultural and historical contexts
    DDC: 303.3/2
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    Keywords: Psychosoziale Entwicklung ; Persönlichkeitsentwicklung ; Kinderpsychologie ; Entwicklungspsychologie ; Milieu ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Social changes, including women's entry into the labour force and higher rates of divorce and remarriage, dramatically altered family life and raised complex questions about how individuals develop in the ever changing contexts of family, community and society. The goal of this 1989 volume is to enhance our understanding of human development in an evolving social context. Featuring contributions by eminent scholars in developmental, clinical and personality psychology, behavioural genetics and sociology, Persons in Context: Developmental Processes presents advances in theory and research on two central topics: how environments influence individuals in the course of development and how individuals select and shape the very environments that influence their development. The volume assembles a theoretically convergent body of research on how individuals and environments are linked in the course of development, including studies of genetics - environment relations, social interns, social interchanges in family systems, and linkages between the family and other major settings, such as peer groups, communities, and the larger social structure.
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  • 19
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511628115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 176 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Middle East library 16
    DDC: 305.4/0917/4927
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    Keywords: Frau ; Beruf ; Islam ; Berufstätigkeit ; Gleichberechtigung ; Öffentliche Meinung ; Arabische Staaten
    Abstract: Womanpower unveils the lively but little-reported debate on women's position in the modern Arab world. It paints a picture drawn from individual stories as well as from national development programmes and attempts to explain why the process of social change in the region has been slow and uneven by linking it to political and economic developments. By illustrating particular themes - personal status laws, development policies, political rights - with examples from specific countries, Nadia Hijab builds up an informative overview of the Arab world today. The title sums up the two-pronged approach: the process of integrating women into the modern work-force and of empowering them to enjoy equal rights and opportunities. The book argues that those seeking equal rights for Arab women cannot isolate this aim from the search to liberate Arab potential and resources and for democratic political systems. The Arab world is a region in search of an identity. The book discusses the differing views of liberals and conservatives, most of whom are concerned that Arab identity be developed in an indigenous context rather than by slavish imitation.
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511598630
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 pages)
    Uniform Title: Works.
    DDC: 306/.2
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    Keywords: Kollektivismus ; Korporativer Staat ; Europa ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: It has become something of an orthodoxy of contemporary sociology that modern democratic industrial societies are essentially alike, and that they are confronted by uniform challenges, whether industrial (strikes and demonstrations), social (the 'crisis of the welfare state'), or political. In this important collection of studies Professor Birnbaum asserts, however, that the very existence of differentiation, challenge such a hypothesis. Linking historical and sociological investigation, Birnbaum argues that it is only through divergent state-formation that regional and national state variations in, for example, industrial conflict, policing or ideological configuration can be explained. His analysis of the influence of each type of state upon the development of various collective action and mobilisation processes establishes the crucial importance of the state as a quasi-independent variable.
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  • 21
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511720772
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 299 pages)
    DDC: 304.2/0966
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    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Desertifikation ; Westafrika
    Abstract: This book embodies the results of thirteen years of research in drought-prone rural areas in the semi-arid zone of northern Nigeria. It describes the patterns of adaptive behaviour observed among Hausa, Ful'be and Manga communities in response to recurrent drought in the 1970s and 1980s. The question of desertification is explored in an area where the visible evidence of moving sand dunes is dramatic blame are examined in relation to the field evidence. A critique is offered of deterministic theories and authoritarian solutions. Professor Mortimore demonstrates a parallel between the observable resilience of semi-arid ecosystems and the adaptive strategies of the human communities that inhabit them and suggests policy directions for strengthening that resilience.
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  • 22
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511523359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 350 pages)
    DDC: 305.2/3/0944
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1800-1900 ; Geschichte ; Gesetzgebung ; Kind ; Kinderarbeit ; Frankreich
    Abstract: The central theme of this book is the changing experience of childhood among the peasants and working classes of nineteenth-century France. Manual work and informal methods of education in the local community became less prominent at this stage of life, whilst the primary school loomed increasingly large. The first section of the book considers childhood in rural society; the second examines the impact of industrial development on the lives of working-class children; and the third traces the child labour legislation of 1841 and 1874. The purposes of the work are to understand why the practice of child labour, considered entirely acceptable in the early nineteenth century, became an issue for reform from the 1830s, and also to assess the strategies adopted by the French State for curbing abuses. Its significance lies in its original synthesis of material on child labour, apprenticeship and education, drawing on a broad range of primary sources as well as the existing literature in related fields of study.
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  • 23
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511897108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 253 pages)
    DDC: 305.6/2/042
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    Keywords: Katholische Kirche ; Sozialgeschichte 1945-1986 ; Geschichte 1900-1987 ; Katholik ; Gesellschaft ; Katholizismus ; England ; Großbritannien ; Wales
    Abstract: This book is about change in the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales. It argues that in the post-war years of economic growth and expanded educational opportunities, Catholics born in Great Britain achieved rates of upward social mobility comparable to those of the general population. In so doing there arose a 'new Catholic middle class', likely to be crucial for the future of Roman Catholicism in England and Wales. However, since one quarter of English Catholics were first-generation immigrants who had experienced some downward mobility, it could not be said that English Catholics generally had experienced a 'mobility momentum' relative to the rest of the population. Apart from the effects of social change, post-war Catholicism was also transformed as a result of the religious reforms legitimated by the Second Vatican Council in the early 1960s. The net effect of these social and religious forces on English Catholicism was the dissolution of the boundaries which had formerly defended a 'fortress' church in a hostile world. The book identifies this, inter alia, in the widespread heterodoxy of belief and practice, and in the decline of marital endogamy and communal involvement.
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511520709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 239 pages)
    DDC: 306/.6/0973
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1890-1986 ; Sozialgeschichte 1890-1906 ; Stadt ; Religionsgemeinschaft ; Religion ; Sozialer Wandel ; USA ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Floods of immigration and rapid industrialization and urbanization in America at the turn of the century set in motion the transformation of many long-established institutions. This book examines specific ways in which cultural changes affected the structure of the religious establishment. Statistical models are applied to United States Census data from 1890 and 1906 on city and church populations, revealing connections between the growth of cities, the increase in literacy, and the formation of ethnic subcommunities that led to a new level of religious diversity. The author analyses evidence of growing competition among churches and of a level of individual commitment to congregations, demonstrating that the patterns of religious community established at the turn of the century provided the basis for the current denominational system. The author further analyses the relationship of religious diversity to urban secularization, as well as its role as a catalyst to sectarian conflict. In offering a quantitative assessment of issues central to the history of American religion, this book is a significant contribution to the study of religion in America.
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  • 25
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753060
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 157 pages)
    Series Statement: Atelier d'anthropologie sociale
    Uniform Title: Roi nyamwezi, la droite et la gauche.
    DDC: 306/.012
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    Abstract: The deep structure of symbolism in religious and ritual activities has hitherto mostly been studied from perspectives deriving from classical and contemporary Western thought, which values symmetry, non-contradiction, equality of terms and the rationality of linear discourse and classification systems have therefore come to be defined in binary terms (right/left, male/female, black/white). In this book, Serge Tcherkezoff presents a new perspective on the study of ritual classification. On the basis of a detailed ethnography of the rituals of the Nyamwezi of Tanzania, Tcherkezoff argues for an analysis which recognised contradictions and asymmetry within ritual systems. Following Dumont, he shows that societies are characterised by a hierarchal structure of values, in which each individual element has a meaning only through its position within the whole, thereby replacing the rigid classical structuralist dichotomy with a rich multidimensional approach.
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  • 26
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511607707
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 99 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 64
    DDC: 306/.0899912
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    Keywords: Fallstudiensammlung ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Abstract: All culture, particularly that of non-literate traditions, is constantly being recreated, and in the process also undergoes changes. In this book, Fredrik Barth examines the changes that have taken place in the secret cosmological lore transmitted in male initiation ceremonies among the Mountain Ok of Inner New Guinea, and offers a new way of explaining how cultural change occurs. Professor Barth focuses in particular on accounting for the local variations in cosmological traditions that exist among the Ok people, who otherwise share similar material and ecological conditions, and similar languages. Rejecting existing anthropological theory as inadequate for explaining this, Professor Barth constructs a new model of the mechanisms of change, based on his close empirical observation of the processes of cultural transmission. This model emphasises the role of individual creativity in cultural reproduction and change, and maintains that cosmologies can be adequately understood only if they are regarded as knowledge in the process of communication, embedded in social organization, rather than as fixed bodies of belief. From the model he derives various theoretically grounded hypotheses regarding the probable courses of change that would be generated by such mechanisms. He then goes on to show that these hypotheses fit the actual patterns of variation that are found among the Ok.
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  • 27
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511560361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 329 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 5
    DDC: 306/.09421
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: This book is a pioneering social and economic study of a London suburban parish in the seventeenth century, which sheds new light on the important but relatively neglected topic of London's social history. Chapters on demography, social and occupational structure, topography, population turnover and residential mobility, and neighbourly relations, lead to a discussion of the involvement of the inhabitants of the district in local government and church ceremonial. Throughout, social and economic features of the neighbourhood are compared to those found elsewhere in London, and in other towns and cities, in early modern England. The book will therefore be of interest to all concerned with the behaviour of the town dweller in the past, and will serve as a springboard for further historical studies of urban society.
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  • 28
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    Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9789814345545
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 pages)
    DDC: 305.5/63
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: This study of the so-called "Green Revolution" in the rice bowl region of Malaysia aims to provide an interpretation of recent changes in the Malaysian agrarian structure, and to make an analytical and theoretical contribution to the long-standing intellectual debate on the "agrarian question". By joining the micro-world of household social structure and economy to the macro-world of changes in production relations, it traces out a specific trajectory of agrarian development in Malaysia.
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  • 29
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781139167963
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 304 pages)
    DDC: 306/.0941
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1775-1830 ; Geschichte 1775-1830 ; Gesellschaftskritik ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: The years of the first industrial revolution saw a remarkable flowering of radical social criticism in Britain. This is a study of the ideas that emerged then and of the social and intellectual conditions from which they developed. Dr Stafford begins in Part I by presenting what will be seen as a very valuable general account of the historical and cultural setting, showing how the language of social debate had been affected by intellectual developments and the increasingly rapid transformations of society. Then in Part II he discusses ten major critics of British society, from Thomas Spence to William Cobbett, who represent a wide range of political opinion from anarchism to Tory radicalism. Dr. Stafford takes a key text by each author, sets out its argument, and analyzes it both critically and historically, showing the particular influences that shaped it and revealing the ways in which the social thought of the time resembles or diverges from our own. This book will help to recover from unwarranted neglect this important tradition of writing that did much to form subsequent thinking about society. It will make a valuable contribution to the study of the literature and the social and intellectual history of the period.
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  • 30
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511629488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 pages)
    DDC: 306.7/094
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Erotische Literatur ; Abweichendes Sexualverhalten ; Sexualverhalten ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: The essays in this 1988 volume address sexual phenomena in eighteenth-century Europe that were for one reason or another outside the legal or sanctified systems of acceptability: most notably, unwed heterosexual domesticity, masturbation, prostitution, libertinism, homosexuality, and pornography. The contributors, drawn from England, France, Italy, Holland, and the United States, illustrate the range of unauthorized sexual expression during the Enlightenment. The essays take an important first step toward integrating sexuality into our general understanding of eighteenth-century culture.
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  • 31
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511664182
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 423 pages)
    DDC: 306/.0947
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    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Politics, work, and daily life in the USSR is designed to illustrate how the Soviet social system really works and how the Soviet people cope with it. This study is based on the first comprehensive survey of life in the USSR since the Harvard Project over thiry-three years ago. The essays contained analyze the variations in attitude and behaviour reflected in the findings of the Soviet Interview Project, a five-year investigation of contemporary daily life in the USSR. The survey involved interviewing thousands of recent emigrants from the USSR to the United States as a means of learning about their former day-to-day lives. Some aspects of this survey dealt with areas the Soviets themselves had never investigated, so the data were not, and indeed still are not, available even in unpublished Soviet sources. This study of a large volume of firsthand observations is extremely valuable to anyone interested in the inner workings and behavioural dynamics of the contemporary Soviet social system.
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  • 32
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511607769
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 260 pages)
    DDC: 306
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    Abstract: Despite having emerged in the heyday of a dominant Europe, of which Ancient Greece is the hallowed spiritual and intellectual ancestor, anthropology has paradoxically shown relatively little interest in contemporary Greek culture. In this innovative and ambitious book, Michael Herzfeld moves Greek Ethnography from the margins to the centre of anthropological theory, revealing the theoretical insights that can be gained by so doing. He shows that the ideology that originally led to the creation of anthropology also played a large part in the growth of the modern Greek nation-state, and that Greek ethnography can therefore serve as a mirror for an ethnography of anthropology itself. He further demonstrates the role that scholarly fields, including anthropology, have played in the construction of contemporary Greek culture and Greek identity.
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  • 33
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621864
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 328 pages)
    Series Statement: Themes in the social sciences
    Uniform Title: Sociologie de la famille.
    DDC: 306.8/5
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    Abstract: This historical anthropology of the family represents a new departure in family studies. Over the past ten years or so, the social scientific sociological analysis of the family has undergone a change, and has been obliged to reconsider its traditional view that industrialisation triggered a shift within society from the 'large family', which fulfilled all social functions from socialising the children to caring for the sick and the old, to the modern nuclear family, which was regarded solely as being the locus for emotional relationships. Historians have shown that in the past there was in fact a great variety of different family structures within a wide range of varying demographic, economic and cultural frameworks, distinctive for each society. At the same time, the interaction between sociology and social anthropology has led to a clearer conceptual analysis of that vague, polysemic term 'family'; and notions of dwelling-place, descent, marriage, the relative roles of husband and wife and parent-child relations, as well as the more general relations between generations, have in a variety of past and present social contexts been taken apart and analysed. In this book, Martine Segalen reviews and synthesises a rich wealth of often little-known European and North American historical and social anthropological material on the family. This results in a reversal of the frequently held view of the family as an institution in decline, showing it instead to be both dynamic and resistant.
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  • 34
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511521119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 237 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 58
    DDC: 306/.089963
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    Keywords: Tsonga ; Sozialordnung ; Familiensoziologie ; Sambia
    Abstract: The theme of this book is the analysis of the changes that have occurred in the kinship patterns of the Toka of South Zambia as a result of a shift in their form of production from hoe agriculture to ox-drawn ploughing. Dr Holy uses the rich, detailed ethnography that he provides about these changes to confront several theoretical issues of current anthropological interest, as well as to examine the basic methodological problems of anthropological enquiry. Emphasizing the distinction between the conceptual and cognitive world of the actors, and the transactions and events in which they engage, he argues that anthropological explanation has to account not only for structure, but also for the purposeful interaction between actors that generates that structure.
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  • 35
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 214 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 61
    DDC: 306.6
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    Abstract: The circumcision ritual of the Merina of Madagascar is seen by them primarily as a blessing, involving the transfer of the love and concern of the ancestors of their descendants. Yet the ritual ends in an act of ciolent wounding of the child. Similarily, while the ritual involves a symbolic assault on women, it is nonetheless welcomed by them as a mark of receiving the blessing of the ancestors. In this book, Maurice Bloch provides a detailed description and analysis of the Merina circumcision ritual today, offers an account of its history, and discusses the significance of his analysis for anthropological theories of ritual in general. Pursuing the theme of the combination of religious joy and illumination with violence, Professor Bloch explains how, at various times, the circumcision ceremony can be a familial ritual as well as glorification of a militarist and expansionist state, or associated with anti-colonial nationalism. Describing changes that have occurred in the form of the ritual over two centuries, Professor Bloch argues that in order to understand the properties of ritual in general, it is necessary to view it over a longer time scale than anthropologists have tended to do previously. Adopting such an historical perspective enables him to identify the stability of the Merina ritual's symbolic content, despite changes in its organisation, and dramatically changing politico-economic contexts. As well as presenting an original historical approach to the anthropological study of ritua;, Professor Bloch discusses a range of general theoretical issues, including the nature of ideology, and the relationship between images created in ritual and other types of knowledge. The book will appeal widely to scholars and students of anthropology, history, African studies, and comparative religion.
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  • 36
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511563041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 230 pages)
    Series Statement: African studies 49
    DDC: 380.1/44/096
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    Abstract: This study examines the role of cowrie-shell money in West African trade, particularly the slave trade. The shells were carried from the Maldives to the Mediterranean by Arab traders for further transport across the Sahara, and to Europe by competing Portuguese, Dutch, English and French traders for onward transport to the West African coast. In Africa they served to purchase the slaves exported to the New World, as well as other less sinister exports. Over a large part of West Africa they became the regular market currency, but were severely devalued by the importation of thousands of tons of the cheaper Zanzibar cowries. Colonial governments disliked cowries because of the inflation and encouraged their replacement by low-value coins. They disappeared almost totally, to re-appear during the depression of the 1930s, and have been found occasionally in the markets of remote frontier districts, avoiding exchange and currency control problems.
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  • 37
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511628078
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 187 pages)
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 305
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    Keywords: Soziologische Theorie ; Funktionalismus
    Abstract: Over the last several decades, functional theory in the social sciences has fallen into disfavour. Alleged to be a static form of theory incapable of explaining social change, methodologically impotent and ideologically tainted, functionalism stands accused of being socially and politically reactionary. In this book, Michael Faia challenges the view that functionalism should be rejected. He claims that because functional theories are causal, multivariate, time-ordered, and characterized by reciprocal causation, they are in fact inherently dynamic, demand the highest methodological rigour, and also force sociology to transcend its infamous 'paradigm disputes' by recognizing that the social sciences have already achieved an 'integrated methodological paradigm'. The central arguments of the book are illustrated by a wide variety of examples drawn from several academic disciplines. These range from the incest taboo to witchcraft, from tenure in the US Congress to duration of marriage. The reader thus gains a strong appreciation of the wide applicability of the functionalist mode of explanation.
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  • 38
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511559822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 306 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge South Asian studies 36
    DDC: 305.5/63
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1919-1947 ; Geschichte 1919-1947 ; Landwirtschaft ; Sozialstruktur ; Landbevölkerung ; Wirtschaft ; Agrargesellschaft ; Bengalen ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: As well as being an outstanding contribution to Indian economic and social history, this book draws important conclusions about peasant politics in general and about the effects of international economic fluctuations on primary producing countries. Dr Bose develops a general typology of systems of agrarian production in Bengal to show how these responded to different types of pressure from the world economy, and treats in detail the effects of the world Depression on Bengal. Separate chapters are devoted to the themes of agrarian conflict and religious strife in east Bengal, the agrarian dimension of mass nationalism in west Bengal and sharecroppers agitations in the frontier regions. The conclusion attempts a synthesis of the typology of agrarian social structure and the periodisation of peasant politics, placing this in the wider context of agrarian societies and protest in other parts of India and in South-east Asia.
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  • 39
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511558290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 400 pages)
    DDC: 302
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    Keywords: Kognition ; Soziale Wahrnehmung ; Sozialpsychologie ; Theorie ; Einführung ; Einführung
    Abstract: Written principally for students at the intermediate level, this text provides a broad critical review of the various empirical and theoretical traditions from which contemporary social psychology derives and, as the subtitle implies, offers balanced (though necessarily selective) insights into the perspectives that different researchers have adopted. It derives from J. Richard Eiser's previous textbook, Cognitive social psychology, which has been thoroughly revised and reorganized, incorporating fresh material that reflects the changes that have been taking place in the field since the beginning of the decade. The approach is broadly cognitive, though by no means narrowly so, the three main parts - 'Attitudes', 'Judgement and Interference' and 'Identity and Interaction' - indicating the principal emphases. Although it is North American research that has made the greatest contribution to our understanding of social behaviour, significant European work is not neglected in Richard Eiser's exposition. It is this awareness of the dynamism of the field and of the cross-fertilization taking place between different disciplines that gives this text its distinctive flavour and attraction for students and professionals alike.
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  • 40
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511607790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 266 pages)
    DDC: 394/.9
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    Abstract: The practice of cannibalism is in certain cultures rejected as evil, while in others it plays a central part in the ritual order. Anthropologists have offered various explanations for the existence of cannibalism, none of which, Peggy Sanday claims, is adequate. In this book she presents a new approach to understanding the phenomenon. Through a detailed examination of ritual cannibalism in selected tribal societies, and a comparison of those cases with others in which the practice is absent, she shows that cannibalism is closely linked to people's orientation to the world, and that it serves as a concrete device for distinguishing the 'cultural self' from the 'natural other'. Combining perspectives drawn from the work of Ricoeur, Freud, Hegel, and Jung and from symbolic anthropology, Sanday argues that ritual cannibalism is intimately connected both with the constructs by which the origin and continuity of life are understood and assured from one generation to the next and with the way in which that understanding is used to control the vital forces considered necessary for the cannibalism in a culture derives from basic human attitudes toward life and death, combined with the realities of the material world. As well as making an original contribution to the understanding of the significant human practice, Sanday also develops a theoretical argument of wider relevance to anthropologists, sociologists, and other readers interested in the function and meaning of cannibalism.
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  • 41
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511720215
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 134 pages) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 305.3
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    Keywords: Gesellschaft ; Identität ; Interaktion
    Abstract: Since the 1940s, there has been an explosion of writings, both scientific and nonscientific, about the question of 'identity' and what it means to be an individual in today's world. This book examines sociological perspectives on identity in order to illuminate the perennial problem of defining the human person, and to pose an alternative definition of identity based on it being socially constructed. Beginning with a review of previous studies of identity, the authors present a set of propositions for organizing the wide range of uses of the term, and for arriving at an adequate definition of it. Identity is then analysed in two contexts: gender identity, linked to present bodies; and prenatal and postmortem identities, linked to future and past bodies. Whereas gender identity reveals the powerful but breakable link between body type and identity, prenatal and postmortem identities illustrate the symbolic reality and partial independence of identity from any corporeal existence. This is an innovative and insightful study which will appeal to all those concerned with understanding the nature of human identity.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 123-131
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  • 42
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621598
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 213 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in literacy, family, culture, and the state
    DDC: 303.4
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    Abstract: This book assesses the impact of writing on human societies, both in the Ancient Near East and in twentieth-century Africa, and highlights some general features of social systems that have been influenced by this major change in the mode of communication. Such features are central to any attempt at the theoretical definition of human society and such constituent phenomena as religious and legal systems, and in this study Professor Goody explores the role of a specific mechanism, the introduction of writing and the development of a written tradition, in the explanation of some important social differences and similarities. Goody argues that a shift of emphasis from productive to certain communicative processes is essential to account adequately for major changes in human societies. Whilst there have been previous descussions of the effect of literacy upon social organisation, no study has hitherto presented the general synthesis developed here.
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  • 43
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 350 pages)
    Series Statement: Comparative ethnic and race relations
    DDC: 305.8
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    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Rassenfrage ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book brings together internationally known scholars from a wide range of disciplines and theoretical traditions, all of whom have made significant contributions to the field of race and ethnic relations. As well as identifying important and persistent points of controversy, the collection reveals a complementary and multifaceted approach to theorisation. The theories represented include contributions from the perspective of sociology. These range from the established perspectives of Marx and Weber through to the more recent interventions of rational choice theory, symbolic interactionism and identity structure analysis.
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  • 44
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511620935
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 130 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in oral and literate culture 10
    DDC: 398
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    Abstract: Based on a corpus of Texan oral narratives collected by the author over the past fifteen years, this study presents an analysis of the literary qualities or orally performed verbal art, focusing on the significance of its social context. Although the tales included are all from Texas, they are representative of oral storytelling traditions in other parts of the United States, including tall tales, hunting stories, local character anecdotes, accounts of practical jokes, and so on. They are also highly entertaining in their own right. Professor Bauman's main emphasis is on the act of storytelling, not just the text. His central analytical concern is to demonstrate the interrelationships that exist between the events recounted in the narratives (narrated events), the narrative texts, and the situations in which the narratives are told (narrative events). He identifies these interrelationships by combining a close formal analysis of the texts with an ethnographic examination of the way in which their telling is accomplished, paying particular attention to the links between form and function. He also illuminates other more general concerns in the study of oral narrative, such as stability and variation in the oral text, the problem of genre, and the rhetorical efficacy of literary forms. As an important contribution to the theoretical and practical literary analysis of orally performed narratives, the book will appeal to students and teachers of folklore, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, and literary theory.
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  • 45
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 356 pages)
    DDC: 301/.01
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    Abstract: Randall Collins convincingly argues that much of Max Weber's work has been misunderstood, and that many of his most striking and sophisticated theories have been overlooked. By analysing hitherto little known aspects of Weber's writings, Professor Collins is able both to offer a new interpretation of Weberian sociology and to show how the more fruitful lines of the Weberian approach can be projected to an analysis of current world issues. Professor Collins begins with Weber's theory of the rise of capitalism, examining it in the light of Weber's later writings on the subject and extending the Weberian line of reasoning to suggest a 'Weberian revolution' in both medieval Europe and China. He also offers a new interpretation of Weber's theory of politics, showing it to be a 'world-system' model; and he expands this into a theory of geopolitics, using as a particular illustration the prediction of the future decline of Russian world power. Another 'buried treasure' in the corpus is Weber's conflict theory of the family as sex and property, which Professor Collins applies to the historical question of the conditions that led to the initial rise in the status of women. The broad view of Weber's works shows that Weberian sociology remains intellectually alive and that many of his theories still represent the frontier of our knowledge about large-scale social processes.
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  • 46
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511570759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 381 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in rationality and social change
    DDC: 305
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    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: The essays in this collection, on stratification, organization and the discipline of sociology, all bear upon a general theoretical question: what models of rationality are necessary or suitable to explain individual and collective action in institutional contexts? Professor Stinchcombe was one of the first sociologists to write on this question; and this collection includes a new essay which takes account of recent work done in the tradition Stinchcombe did much to institute. The first group of essays - on class, stratification and mobility - addresses core problems of the discipline and offers imaginative conceptualizations with interesting empirical consequences. The second section - essays on the sociology of organizations - displays, like the first, Stinchcombe's wide knowledge of sociological traditions from structuralism to Marxism. The final section, 'comments on the discipline', deepens the readers understanding of sociological theorizing by presenting different modes of analysis of universities and research institutions and providing challenging, and often funny, insights into the subject.
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  • 47
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511898273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 259 pages)
    DDC: 306/.2/09415
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    Abstract: Most of the independent nations of the twentieth century have been racked by political disorder and social instability. Ireland is one of the few to have successfully established a stable democratic order. In this book, Jeffrey Prager examines the first decade of Irish independence in order to explain how the Republic of Ireland achieved democracy. In so doing, he provides a deeper understanding of the Irish case while shedding light on the process of democratic consolidation in modern state-building. His combination of political and cultural approaches also contributes to the development of a political sociology that encompasses the problem of cultural meaning as a crucial domain of analysis. By exploring the interconnections between political structures, social activities, and cultural legacies, he promotes an awareness of the vital dimensions of political life and institutions.
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  • 48
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511571404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 262 pages)
    DDC: 306/.484
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Markt ; Theater ; USA ; Britisch-Nordamerika ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: Drawing on a variety of disciplines and documents, Professor Agnew illuminates one of the most fascinating chapters in the formations of Anglo-American market culture. Worlds Apart traces the history of our concepts of the marketplace and the theatre and the ways in which these concepts are bound together. Focusing on Britain and America in the years 1550 to 1750, the book discusses the forms and conventions that structured both commerce and theatre. As marketing practice broke free of its traditional boundaries and restraints, it challenged longstanding popular assumptions about the constituents of value, the nature of identity, the signs of authenticity, and the limits of liability. New exchange relations bred new legal and commercial fictions to authorise them, but they also bred new doubts about the precise grounds upon which the self and its 'interests' were to be represented. Those same doubts, Professor Agnew shows, animated the theatre as well. As actors and playwrights shifted from ecclesiastical and civic drama to professional entertainments, they too devised authenticating fictions, fictions that effectively replicated the bewildering representational confusions of the new 'placeless market'.
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  • 49
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 291 pages)
    DDC: 306/.0899912
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    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Mendi ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Gift exchange plays a crucial role in the social and political organization of Mendi in Papua New Guinea. This book reveals how considerable light can be shed on Mendi society, particularly on its political economy, by examining both the well-known ceremonial exchange festivals and the hitherto relatively little-studied everyday gift-giving practices. The author shows that the latter are crucial for understanding inter-group politics, the process of leadership, male-female relationships and the status of women, and the production, distribution and circulation of wealth. Currently the only book available on this society, the work offers an unusual combination of a social structural analysis with a study of local history and change. It is also of interest for its integration of the study of gift exchange and politics with the study of gender roles and relationships.
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  • 50
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511622236
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (v, 197 pages)
    Uniform Title: Noblesse au XVIIIe siècle.
    DDC: 305.5/223/0944
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Adel ; Frankreich
    Abstract: One of the most lively of France's younger historians, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret argues in this pioneering essay that the traditional picture of the pre-revolutionary French nobility as a caste of intransigent reactionaries and parasites is a fabrication of revolutionary propaganda. Using a whole range of new research and calculations, he argues that the nobility represented all that was most vigorous and forward-looking in eighteenth-century French society. Constantly renewing itself by recruiting the richest members of the middle classes or marrying their daughters, the nobility was in the forefront of French economic and intellectual life, and until 1789 was at the head of the movement for reform of the old regime state. In an afterword specially written for the English edition, the author explains how the revolutionaries came to turn against a group that had done more than any other to bring about the Revolution.
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  • 51
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557811
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 135 pages)
    DDC: 305.8/00941
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    Keywords: Rassenpolitik ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: The years 1965–8 were the 'liberal hour' for race relations policy in Britain. Laws were then enacted, enforcement agencies created, and community relations councils established. These bodies, and their personnel, have been called 'the race relations industry'. To many people, the output of this 'industry' appears disappointing relative to the input into it. This book examines a variety of optimistic assumptions about the speed with which immigrants adjust to a new environment; inadequate minority bargaining power; insufficiently speedy and decisive action by the central government; unwillingness on the part of the white majority to accept the desirability of such action; and the difficulty of fitting a race relations policy into an administrative system created to serve an ethnically homogeneous population. The policies initiated in 1965 reflected the ascendancy of liberal over conservative assumptions about race relations. Now these are under sharp attack from a radical standpoint. Promoting Racial Harmony shows how the debate has changed, drawing upon recent economic theory to formulate the issues in an original but non-technical manner.
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  • 52
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511665271
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 616 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Latin American studies 52
    DDC: 306/.0981/42
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    Abstract: This study examines the history of the sugar economy and the peculiar development of plantation society over a three hundred year period in Bahia, a major sugar plantation zone and an important terminus of the Atlantic slave trade. Drawing on little-used archival sources, plantations accounts, and notarial records, Professor Schwartz has examined through both quantitative and qualitative methods the various groups that made up plantation society. While he devotes much attention to masters and slaves, he views slavery ultimately as part of a larger structure of social and economic relations. The peculiarities of sugar-making and the nature of plantation labour are used throughout the book as keys to an understanding of roles and relationships in plantation society. A comparative perspective is also employed, so that studies of slavery elsewhere in the Americas inform the analysis, while at many points direct comparisons of the Bahian case with other plantation societies are also made.
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  • 53
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557941
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 191 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 57
    DDC: 305.2/0967
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    Keywords: Altersklasse ; Altersgruppe ; Sozialstruktur ; Sozialordnung ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Ostafrika
    Abstract: All societies are differentiated by age. But in some, this differentiation takes the form of institutionalized, formally graded age classes, the members of which share an assigned 'structural' age, if not necessarily the same physiological age. The nature of formal age group systems has become one of the classic issues in modern social anthropology, although until now there has been no comprehensive explication of these complex forms of social organization. In this book, Bernardo Bernardi, one of the pioneers of the anthropological study of age class systems, provides a way of making sense of the diversity of such systems by analysing cross-culturally their common features and the pattern of their differences, and showing that they serve a general purpose for the organization of society and for the distribution and rotation of power.
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  • 54
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511560699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 210 pages)
    DDC: 305/.96392
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1880-1914 ; Sozialgeschichte 1880-1914 ; Fischer ; East Anglia ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: This book is a study of the effect of occupation on industrial behaviour and how occupation affects social, community and family life. The fishing industry was one of the last to experience the Industrial Revolution. In East Anglia, steam propulsion was introduced within the working life of the oldest of those interviewed for this book, and a number of radical changes in working practices, capital cost and technical development were concentrated into the brief period 1880–1914. As these changes occurred with different timing and force in the two major sectors of the industry - trawling and drifting - East Anglia is an ideal location in which to consider the effect of the forces and relations of production: the fishermen's industrial, social and political attitudes are related to their specific work experience.
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  • 55
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511563379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 326 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge South Asian studies 30
    DDC: 305.5/122/0954792
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1870-1900 ; Soziale Bewegung ; Kaste ; Maharashtra ; Phuli, Joti G.
    Abstract: The nineteenth century saw the beginning of a violent and controversial movement of protest amongst western India's low and untouchable castes, aimed at the effects of their lowly position within the Hindu caste hierarchy. The leaders of this movement were convinced that religious hierarchies had combined with the effects of British colonial rule to produce inequality and injustice in many fields, from religion to politics and education. This study concentrates on the first leader of this movement, Mahatma Jotirao Phule. It shows him as its first ideologist, working out a unique brand of radical humanism. It analyses his contribution to one of the most important and neglected social developments in western India in this period - the formation of a new regional identity. This process of identity formation is studied against the background of the earlier history of caste relations in this area of India, and contributes important evidence about the relationship between ritual status and political power.The movement itself provides a fascinating example of early Third World radicalism, illustrating the role of ideology and religion in the struggle against British colonial power.
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  • 56
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 202 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge human geography
    DDC: 304.2
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    Abstract: A work of outstanding originality and importance, which will become a cornerstone in the philosophy of geography, this book asks: What is human science? Is a truly human science of geography possible? What notions of spatiality adequately describe human spatial experience and behaviour? It sets out to answer these questions through a discussion of the nature of science in the human sciences, and, specifically, of the role of phenomenology in such inquiry. It criticises established understanding of phenomenology in these sciences, and demonstrates how they are integrally related to each other. The need for a reflective geography to accompany all empirical science is argued strongly. The discussion is organised into four parts: geography and traditional metaphysics; geography and phenomenology; phenomenology and the question of human science; and human science, worldhood and place. The author draws upon the works, of Husserl, Heidegger, Gadamer and Kockelmans in particular.
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  • 57
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511583506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 251 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Middle East library 7
    DDC: 305.4/2/0962
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    Abstract: The nineteenth century in Egypt was a period of rapid social and economic change, brought about by the country's developing ties with the European economy. Focusing on lower-class women, this study traces changes in the work role and family life of peasant women in the countryside and craftswomen and traders in Cairo, and explores the world of the slave woman. The effects of capitalist transformation on women are studied in detail, using material from the Islamic court records. The effects of the Egyptian process of state formation and colonial rule are discussed: the growth of the state apparatus, its social services and repressive means, brought new kinds of intervention into women's lives. The book provides a unique account of the very active economic, social and political roles of nineteenth-century women, from the peasant and street pedlar to the slave of the harem.
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  • 58
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511628283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 390 pages)
    DDC: 361.6/1
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    Keywords: Politische Wissenschaft ; Staat ; Politischer Prozess ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Until recently, dominant theoretical paradigms in the comparative social sciences did not highlight states as organizational structures or as potentially autonomous actors. Indeed, the term 'state' was rarely used. Current work, however, increasingly views the state as an agent which, although influenced by the society that surrounds it, also shapes social and political processes. The contributors to this volume, which includes some of the best recent interdisciplinary scholarship on states in relation to social structures, make use of theoretically engaged comparative and historical investigations to provide improved conceptualizations of states and how they operate. Each of the book's major parts presents a related set of analytical issues about modern states, which are explored in the context of a wide range of times and places, both contemporary and historical, and in developing and advanced-industrial nations. The first part examines state strategies in newly developing countries. The second part analyzes war making and state making in early modern Europe, and discusses states in relation to the post-World War II international economy. The third part pursues new insights into how states influence political cleavages and collective action. In the final chapter, the editors bring together the questions raised by the contributors and suggest tentative conclusions that emerge from an overview of all the articles. As a programmatic work that proposes new directions for the analysis of modern states, the volume will appeal to a wide range of teachers and students of political science, political economy, sociology, history, and anthropology.
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  • 59
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511897566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 260 pages)
    Series Statement: European studies in social psychology 9
    DDC: 302
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    Keywords: Nationale Minderheit ; Sozialpsychologie
    Abstract: How does a minority exert influence on a majority? Traditionally social psychologists have characterised influence as a process leading to conformity - the minority coming to accept the view of the majority. For the contributors to this volume, working in a society where the reverse process is frequently exemplified - a society characterised by change and innovation - such an approach is no longer tenable. They believe that only by examining social processes also in terms of minority influence can the paradox be resolved. The volume is organised into two broadly based but interconnected parts. Part I analyses the process of influence itself, while Part II sets it within the context of groups. The influence of minorities is thus located within the cognitive and social field in which interaction between minorities and majorities occurs. The original and dynamic research paradigms presented here and the theoretical and empirical results that are reported offer alternative insights not only into the phenomenon of influence per se, but also into such classical notions as 'the group' , 'deviance' and 'convergence'.
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  • 60
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511599446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 464 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 2
    DDC: 305.5/63/0942
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    Abstract: This collection of inter-connected essays is concerned with the impact of social and economic change upon the rural labouring poor and artisans in England, and combines a sensitive understanding of their social priorities with innovative quantitative analysis. It is based on an impressive range of sources, and its particular significance arises from the pioneering use made of a largely neglected archival source - settlement records - to address questions of central importance in English social and economic history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Levels of employment, wage rates, poor relief, the sexual division of labour, the social consequences of enclosure, the decline of farm service and traditional apprenticeship, and th equality of family life are amongst the issues discussed in a profound re-assessment of a perennial problem: the standard of living (in its widest sense) of the labouring poor during the period of industrialisation. The author's conclusions challenge much of the prevailing orthodoxy, and his extensive use of literary and attitudinal material is closely integrated with the quantitative restatement of an interpretation that owes much to the older tradition of the Hammonds' Village Labourer.
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  • 61
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511522598
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 325 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 4
    DDC: 302.2/0941
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Alphabetisierung ; Bildung ; Schottland ; Großbritannien ; England
    Abstract: Scottish education and literacy have achieved a legendary status. A campaign promoted by church and state between 1560 and 1696 is said to have produced the most literate population in the early modern world. This book sets out to test this belief by comparing the ability to read and write in Scotland with northern England in particular and with Europe and North America in general. It combines extensive statistical analysis with qualitative and theoretical discussion to produce an important argument about the significance of literacy and education for the individual and society of relevance not just to the Scottish experience but to a far broader social and geographical area.
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  • 62
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511563249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 319 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge South Asian studies 32
    DDC: 305.5/63
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1850-1935 ; Geschichte 1850-1935 ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländlicher Raum ; Agrargesellschaft ; Staat Bombay ; Indien
    Abstract: This book is a detailed historical study of agriculture and agrarian society in a major province of British India, the Bombay presidency. Its objective is to examine the impact of British rule on the Indian peasantry, and the changes it brought. Among the specific issues discussed by the author are the development of the British land revenue system, the pattern of expansion in commercial agriculture and the consequences in terms of ownership and organisation of land and agrarian social structure. Dr Charlesworth goes on to look at the role of government policy, the nature of peasant protest movements and the effects of the interwar depression. He concludes that significant long-term economic and social change did occur but that the highly 'differential' pattern to commercialisation prevented any structural transformation in the peasant economy and society.
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  • 63
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511598418
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 438 pages)
    DDC: 302.5
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    Abstract: The relation between individual and collective processes is central to the social sciences, yet difficult to conceptualize because of the necessity of crossing disciplinary boundaries. The result is that researchers in different disciplines construct their own implicit, and often unsatisfactory, models of either individual or collective phenomena, which in turn influence their theoretical and empirical work. In this 1985 book, Drew Westen attempts to cross these boundaries, proposing an interdisciplinary approach to personality, to culture, and to the relation between the two. Throughout the book, Westen provides reviews of a variety of fields, including personality theory, moral development, ego development, and culture theory. His book will appeal to students and scholars in all the social sciences, as well as to any reader concerned with understanding the relation between individuals and the world in which they live.
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  • 64
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511572623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 308 pages)
    DDC: 303.3/75/0947
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: In this comprehensive study of the early development of the Soviet propaganda system, Peter Kenez describes how the Bolshevik Party went about reaching the Russian people. Throughout this book, Kenez is more concerned with the experience of the Soviet people than with high-level politics. The book is both a major contribution to our understanding of the genius of the Soviet state, and of the nature of propaganda in the modern world.
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  • 65
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511521089
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 328 pages)
    DDC: 305.8/00944/5823
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1974-1976 ; Einrichtung ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Lyon ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Abstract: In this book, based on intensive fieldwork in a major French provincial city (Lyon), Grillo shows how an anthropological perspective enhances our understanding of institutional processes and ideological forces in industrial society, presenting a detailed account of relations between the indigenous French population and immigrant workers and their families of non-French origin. The framework of the book is provided by two linked themes. First, the study shows how the situation of immigrants is represented ideologically by various elements of French society, as well as by the immigrants themselves, in different ways as 'problematic'. Dr Grillo examines this ideological dimension initially by contrasting the discourses of the political Right and Left concerning a range of immigrant 'problems', for example in the fields of housing, family life, school, language use and work. He then shows that not only are there significant ideological differences within both Right and Left, but also similarities between them which stem from certain basic cultural preoccupations of French thought.
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  • 66
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511528309
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 390 pages)
    DDC: 302.3/0724
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    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Verhandlungstheorie ; Mathematisches Modell ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining provides a comprehensive picture of the new developments in bargaining theory. It especially shows the way the use of axiomatic models has been complemented by the new results derived from strategic models. The papers in this volume are edited versions of those given at a conference on Game Theoretic Models of Bargaining held at the University of Pittsburgh. There are two distinct reasons why the study of bargaining is of fundamental importance in economics. The first is that many aspects of economic activity are directly influenced by bargaining between and among individuals, firms, and nations. The second is that bargaining occupies an important place in economic theory, since the 'pure bargaining problem' is at the opposite pole of economic phenomena from the case of 'perfect competition'. This volume is an outgrowth of the renewed interest in the strategic approach to the theory of bargaining and to the general theory of non-cooperative games.
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  • 67
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753084
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 298 pages)
    DDC: 306/.0899912
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    Abstract: Despite almost a century of contact with Europeans, the Bush Mekeo people of Papua New Guinea are still essentially unknown to the anthropological world. This book was the first detailed, comprehensive study of Bush Mekeo culture and society. Using a rigourous structuralist approach to interpret in a consistent and systematic way the principal meanings and social practices of this South Seas way of life, Mark Mosko provides a convincing portrayal of Bush Mekeo culture and society as a unified, coherent and logical 'whole'. The main force of the book is to explore empirically the logic by which Bush Mekeo symbols are connected. Beginning with native symbolic constructions of space and time, Professor Mosko carefully unfolds the associated beliefs and practices pertaining to the body, to the relations between genders, to the system of social organisation and to the dramatic and resplendent Bush Mekeo mortuary ceremonial.
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  • 68
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511598302
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 502 pages)
    DDC: 306/.2
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    Abstract: Existing theories of the nature of the state in Western capitalist democracies have been mostly propounded from one of three major theoretical perspectives, each emphasising a particular aspect of the state: the 'pluralist', which emphasises its democratic aspect: the 'managerial', which emphasises its bureaucratic elements: and the 'class', which focuses on its capitalistic aspect. Each of these theoretical perspectives has contributed something to our understanding of the state, but each also has its limitations. In this book, Alford and Friedland evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective and present a new, synthetic framework for a more comprehensive theory of the state. Impartially reviewing the major historical and empirical works within each theoretical tradition, they reveal how empirical study has been shaped by theoretical assumptions. They agree that each perspective has a distinctive 'power' to understand part of the reality of the modern state, although it is powerless to explain other parts. In each case, the part that can be explained is the perspective's 'home domain', or the aspect of the state that it emphasises, while other aspects are either rejected or reinterpreted. The authors argue that the state cannot be adequately understood unless full account is taken of each of these home domains, and they suggest how the contributions of each perspective to the explanation of its own domain can be integrated into a new, and more powerful, theory.
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