Abstract: One of the major themes of human population genetics is assaying genetic variation in human populations. The ultimate goal of this objective is to understand the extent of genetic diversity and the use of this knowledge to reconstruct our evolutionary history. The discipline had undergone a revolutionary transition with the advent of molecular techniques in the 1980s. With this shift, statistical methods have also been developed to perceive the biological and molecular basis of human genetic variation. Using the new perspectives gained during the above transition, this volume describes the applications of molecular markers spanning the autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genome in the analysis of human diversity in contemporary populations. This is the first reference book of its kind to bring together data from these diverse sets of markers for understanding evolutionary histories and relationships of modern humans in a single volume

Abstract: This volume examines the ethical, legal, and policy issues associated with the commercialization of genetic research and will be of interest to the academic community (law, ethics, medicine and genetics) and the biotechnology industry, as well as those actively involved in genetic research. The linkage between industry and human genetics has given rise to numerous issues associated with the commercialization process. The topics covered will include commercialization and the university, commercialization and patents, clones and xenotransplants, the public perception of genetics, the role of the media, commercialization, confidentiality, and conflicts of interest, regulating the commercial environment, and the role of research ethics boards

Abstract: Comparative information detailing the cultural, legal and historical environments of foundations in international settings has been scarce - until now. Written by scholars from six countries, this text covers philanthropic foundations in the world's busiest commercial centers - the U.S. and Eastern and Western Europe. It reports on the structures and mindsets that shape foundations' gift giving, and discusses different aspects of foundation management. Case studies of the French and Italian foundation communities and a comparative legal chapter are especially notable

Abstract: Financial Ethics presents an exploration of this relatively new subject. The book will follow two different trails, which eventually are brought together. The first trail is an exploration in Chapters One and Two of the general nature of the finance industry, of the institutions which make it up, of the people in it and the pressures they are under. The first trail also examines the nature of the reward system in the finance industry. The second trail is an examination of the guidance people can obtain from four of the world's great religions on exactly how people ought to behave when engaged in the financial industry. The second part of the book is contained in Chapters Three to Nine. If people propose to advise the financiers to be ethical, it is important to know what is meant by this, and to call upon reliable sources and why they are using the four particular religious sources chosen. The next four chapters extract business and financial commands and one or two important interpretive writings from Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Part Three of the book (Chapters Ten to Thirteen) is a distillation of the concepts from the religions, an application of the concepts to the modern financial world, and a discussion of the various organizational tools which might be used to put them into operation

Abstract: This unique text presents a variety of writings discussing the spectrum of theory and practice in maritime archaeology from its beginnings in the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It is the first such comprehensive reference available, covering the field's history, approaches to fieldwork, technical developments, and areal bibliographies. Notable attention is given to the scientific method in two classic chapters by Platt and Chamberlin, augmented by flow charts and examples. Comparative readings explore the differing views of academics, amateurs, and treasure hunters on the contentious subject of underwater resources. Students will find no more complete introduction to the subject

Abstract: This superb overview of sociological human ecology over the past 50 years engages the subject in terms of conceptual and theoretical issues, and in its empirical application to practical problems. The text focuses on the idea of sustainable development, asking what conditions are necessary for humanity to achieve continued improvement in standards of living. Contributors review issues of demographic change and environmental protection in sketching out the means of managing the Earth's fragile ecosystem in the decades to come. They emphasize that fundamental changes in human patterns of activity and organization are making sustainability an increasingly realistic policy goal

Abstract: J. Gary Lilyquist synthesizes such innovative concepts as, systems thinking, mental models, effective school research, and Deming's theories of management to propose the new Balance Alignment Model, a wide-ranging approach for fostering school improvement. Three case studies demonstrate why schools are not improving and how Lilyquist's model can facilitate student learning

Abstract: Inheritance and Wealth in America is a superb collection of original essays, written in nontechnical language by experts in sociology, economics, anthropology, history, law, and other disciplines. Notable chapters provide - an outstanding interpretative history of inheritance in American legal thought - a critical review of the literature on the economics of inheritance at the household and societal levels - a superb history of Federal taxation of wealth transfers, and - a sociological examination of inheritance and its role in class reproduction and stratification. This groundbreaking work is of value to any researcher dealing with the transmission of wealth and privilege across generations

Abstract: The European Difference: Business Ethics in the Community of European Management Schools aims to present the business ethics provisions, programs and experiences of member universities of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS). This book also attempts to demonstrate the distinctiveness and cultural integrity of European business ethics. Not surprisingly, the character and the level of development of business ethics in the represented European countries are diverse. However, common characteristics can be discovered in the business ethics experiences described in this volume. One principal theme that emerges is that European business ethics is deeply rooted in culture and less influenced by abstract principles and ideas. Some critical distance from the mainstream American approach to business ethics is also a common characteristic of contributions in this book. This book was born from the fruitful exchange of the CEMS Inter-faculty Group in Business Ethics. CEMS was founded in 1988 as an association of top-level schools of management education throughout Europe, and inter-faculty groups were established to develop joint teaching materials and to encourage collaboration among the researchers at the various CEMS schools

Abstract: Aversive behaviors have greater influence on social interactions than is generally acknowledged, determining personal satisfaction, interpersonal attraction, choice of partners, and the course of relationships. What motivates aversive behaviors? To what extent do they obtain desired outcomes? In what ways are they unnecessary and destructive? How do other people respond, emotionally and behaviorally? These are just a few of the many interesting questions addressed by the 16 respected researchers who contribute to Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors. Nine chapters give this heretofore neglected subject the attention it is due, probing a dark side of interpersonal relationships to understand both its destructive and adaptive nature

Abstract: The contributors to this unique volume present pioneering approaches to the assessment of coping efforts and resources. Addressing such issues as whether coping with chronic problems differs in form, emphasis, or function from coping with acute events, they reveal the factors that govern the expression, trajectory, and effects of coping with chronic stress. Notable attention is given to the development of theory as a basis for future investigations

Abstract: This fascinating monograph employs a world system model as the basis for archaeological investigation of Russian America that relates local findings to global patterns. Author Aron Crowell examines Russian, Spanish, and American historical sources along with the archaeological evidence to uncover a preliterate culture that left no written record of its contact with European colonial powers. Crowell's particular subject is the indigenous Qikertarmiut people of Kodiak Island off the coast of Alaska. The special case of this tribe serves as a microcosm of the history of colonialism, demonstrating how early European capitalism impacted and, in some cases, destroyed indigenous societies

Abstract: This wide-ranging reference provides an overview of the different factors involved in the emergence and change in early urban societies in the Fourth Millennium B.C., including Mesopotamia and Egypt, pre-Shang China, Classic Horizon Central Mexico and the Mayan area, and middle Horizon societies in the Andean region. The contributors examine such factors as centralized storage and redistributive economies, agro-managerial models, mercantile network control, and conflict and conquest. The coverage emphasizes specific archaeological data useful in theoretical construction

Abstract: This ambitious work offers a coherent and comprehensive look at the material conditions underlying and stimulating political development in southeastern North America during the Mississippian period. After introducing theoretical issues, Muller addresses reproduction, production, distribution, and consumption within their social and material contexts. Examined through the lens of the production, distribution, and consumption of prestige and staple goods, a profoundly domestic, though significantly differentiated, Mississippian political economy emerges. This study's broad synthetic view ensures that neither environment nor ideology are overemphasized. A fine statement of an important theoretical position, the volume features considerable graphic and tabular presentation of data

Abstract: Americanist Culture History reprints thirty-nine classic works of Americanist archaeological literature published between 1907 and 1971. The articles, in which the key concepts and analytical techniques of culture history were first defined and discussed, are reprinted, with original pagination and references, to enhance the use of this collection as a research and teaching resource. The editors also include an introduction that summarizes the rise and fall of the culture history paradigm, making this volume an excellent introduction to the field's primary literature

Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for lnformation and Numerica/ Data Analysis and Synthesis (C/NDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficia! to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After fi ve years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of ali concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and App/ied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. Ali back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 21 (thesis year 1976) a total of 10,586 theses titles from 25 Canadian and 219 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.

Abstract: The aim of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft is to cut through the ambiguity and contradictions inherent in policy analysis by means of an operational-prescriptive approach. Its main objective is to encapsulate the essential concepts, methods and tools of policy analysis and to provide an insight into factors acting within and around the policy analysis process. Based on the collaborative research of Iris Geva-May and Aaron Wildavsky, the first full draft of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft was completed just before Dr Wildavsky's untimely death. Since that time, Dr Geva-May has worked to thoroughly revise and update the manuscript. An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft can be used by researchers in political science, or as a textbook for any course in policy analysis, policy planning and evaluation. It will serve as a valuable source for students of political science, public policy, administration and management, as well as for policy analysts, researchers and executives in both the US and abroad

Abstract: Sociopolitical Ecology introduces the concept of `ecological field' to replace that of `ecosystem' and extends the boundaries of self-referential systems to a new, more complex level of analysis. Ecological field refers to an overarching system that contains many self-referential (or autopoietic) systems that interact in a common space, with human beings placed squarely in the middle of all natural ecological networks. The focus of this fascinating study is the interlocking pattern of relations among human beings within an ecological field - what the author designates as `sociopolitical ecology'. The book argues that most societies are not self-contained systems, but rather ecological fields, that is complexes of several interacting systems

Abstract: Volume 1 (This Volume) -- Abstracts of Documents in This Supplement -- Volume 2 -- Bibliographic Index to the Abstracts (ABILITY-MINNESOTA) -- Volume 3 -- Bibliographic Index to the Abstracts (MINORITY-ZULU) -- Author Index -- List of Periodicals Abstracted in This Supplement.

Abstract: The 1996 Supplement of Political Science Abstracts contains 10,000 carefully prepared abstracts of materials from public affairs magazines, major newspapers, professional journals, and books devoted to politics and political analysis. The organization of the proceeding volumes has been retained intact, as has the recently added list of subdisciplinary descriptors. Users of earlier volumes will be on familiar ground, while those new to Political Science Abstracts will find the instructions on page ix easy to master. CONTENTS Volume 1 (This Volume) How to Use This Supplement . ix Political Science Subdisciplinary Descriptors xi Index of Terms ............... . xiii Abstracts of Documents in This Supplement. Volume 2 Bibliographic Index to the Abstracts (ABILITY-MINNESOTA) . 821 Volume 3 Bibliographic Index to the Abstracts (MINORITY-ZULU) 1565 Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119 List of Periodicals Abstracted in This Supplement. 2121 HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENT Three simple steps are all that are needed to introduce the user to this easily accessible indexing system. STEP 1: Turn to the Index of Terms and locate as many terms as possible that deal with your subject. If you are interested in coverage of a more generic nature, you may instead turn to the next page, where key descriptors are listed that are associated with the major subject areas in political science and with their subdivisions. Note that the index includes methodological as well as topical terms. Numerical listings (e.g., 24TH/PAR/C) are located at the end of the alphabetical listing.

Abstract: The work of 47 contributors from the U.S., Canada, and Israel, the Sourcebook gives special attention to the complexity of the social support construct, expanding the field's theoretical base by seriously reappraising social support research in the context of findings from other fields of psychology and related disciplines. Personality processes are specified to account for observed associations between social support and physical well-being. Several new studies are included which illustrate empirical approaches to exploring these processes. And key contributions highlight the great strides made in understanding the links among personal dispositions, situational contexts, and potentially supportive transactions

Abstract: 1. Australia -- 2. Brazil -- 3. Côte D’Ivoire -- 4. Hungary -- 5. India -- 6. Maroc -- 7. The Philippines -- 8. Switzerland -- 9. England and Wales -- 10. United States of America.

Abstract: The studies contained in this volume present a sampling of policy and legislation relating to adult learning in various parts of the world. They were produced in the context of a more complete survey, under the auspices of the UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) in cooperation with the University of Florence, which sought to identify tendencies in this field over the past few years. The international research project, under which these of Paul national studies were made, was developed under the direction Belanger, Director of UIE, and Paolo Federighi, Professor at the University of Florence. An international publication by the two project directors, due to appear at the beginning of 1997, will report on the findings of the project, which involves 26 countries. The contributions presented here reflect a broad geographical spectrum as well as a wide range of policy models. From an analysis of these studies, it is apparent that this is a field in which there has been much innovation and which encompasses markedly varying approaches in response to different national conditions.

Abstract: This second edition of the best-selling Structural Design in Wood retains many of the first edition's unique features, with additions reflecting recent advances in the field and the adoption of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. It is the only book available that contains both the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and LRFD methods. Structural Design in Wood, Second Edition is a valuable reference for practicing structural engineers and architects who work with other materials but want to strengthen their capabilities with wood. It is also an invaluable text to help engineering or architecture students make a smooth transition from academia to practical application of their degrees

Abstract: This unique volume reports on a longitudinal study of a cohort of 27,160 persons who were born in 1958. Tracy and Kempf-Leonard examine the group's transition from the legal status of juvenile to that of adult, outlining the factors that predict the transition from delinquent to adult criminal careers. In addition, they analyze those factors predictive of the transition from a non-delinquent prior history to adult crime. Other chapters discuss significant policy issues that juvenile courts should consider in order to dispose of delinquency cases effectively

Abstract: After 13 years there are new areas to discuss and more recent trials to be included. Good clinical practice; evaluation of quality of life; measurement of the benefit:risk comparison; determination of cost- effectiveness and cost utility; stopping rules for trials; meta-analysis and subgroup analysis are all new sections. The references are expanded from 305 to 512 and include the recent advances in trial design, such as the n-of-1 trials and megatrials, and up-to-date examples to illustrate the points made in the 20 chapters

Abstract: John M. O'Shea explores this question by employing modern archaeological theory and analysis as well as mortuary theory to build a model of an Early Bronze Age society in the eastern Carpathian Basin. He focuses on the Maros communities and utilizes the densely encoded social information from their cemeteries to draw a picture of the Maros' social systems

Abstract: 1. Client group and social context -- 2. Models, theories and processes -- 3. Case management responses -- 4. Therapeutic relationships -- 5. Supportive relationships -- 6. User empowering relationships -- 7. Sociocultural considerations -- 8. Supervisory relationships: client supervision -- 9. Supervisory relationships: staff supervision.

Abstract: How do you respond to the distress of a man who is sitting before you, in his own flat, towels draped around his shoulders, newspaper wedged beneath the brim of his hat, an upturned frying pan over his hat and a partially filled washing-up bowl balanced on top of the frying pan? He holds the bowl with one hand and a cigarette in the other, while he force­ fully proclaims the secret services have placed someone in the flat above to drop radioactive dust down on him all day and all night. To start with, you could offer him a light for his cigarette. The most likely medical response would be to consider increasing his antipsychotic medicine, though a cursory glance at his medical history suggests that inpatient admissions and large mUltiple prescriptions of injections and tablets have failed to eradicate the distressing fears that the secret services have occupied the ward above. Perhaps all the increased medication will achieve is to stop him going upstairs intent on retribu­ tion. It may even leaden his limbs sufficiently to make his current balanc­ ing act too difficult to sustain.

Abstract: 1 Square pegs in round holes: the social context of the lives of older people -- 2 Advocacy, empowerment and carers -- 3 Assessment of an older person with mental health problems -- 4 Risk and decision making -- 5 From factory to free range: managing change in caring practice -- 6 Purposeful activity as a treatment medium -- 7 Dance movement therapy: a group therapy approach for older people with mental health problems -- 8 Group grief therapy -- 9 Sexuality and the older adult -- 10 Cultural issues in the care of mentally ill Asian elders -- 11 Flying towards Neverland -- 12 Abuse directed towards older people -- 13 Shaping the cutting edge: strategy development for nurse managers.

Abstract: Services to older people with mental health problems have gone through radical change in recent years. Legislation has had a profound effect by dictating how care to older people is delivered both within hospital and within the community. The recent government agenda emphasizes cost effectiveness, value for money and accountability. This, too, is an important driving force in re-evaluat­ ing the service, although not everyone would agree with many of the proposed strategies and there are clearly different views as to the appropriateness of many of the services. One thing is certain, however - the move towards interdiscipli­ nary working is here to stay. Not all change has been led by legislation, and many innovations have been founded in the day-to-day practices in the care of older people with mental health problems. A service, of course, does not become integrated merely by imposing joint­ working on a number of professionally based disciplines, and in many ways this may not be desirable. At its worst it produces duplication, where people from different background are all doing the same job. This is not the intention of joint-working, instead it should attempt to improve the quality of service by a rich mix of skills and experience from a number of related disciplines.

Abstract: Lithic analysts have been criticized for being atheoretical in their approach, or at least for not contributing to building archaeological theory. This volume redresses that balance. In Stone Tools, renowned lithic analysts employ explicitly theoretical constructs to explore the archaeological record and use the lithic database to establish its points. Chapters discuss curation, design theory, replacement of stone with metal, piece refitting, and projectile point style

Abstract: The Second Edition of The Grammar of Discourse critically evaluates and updates Robert E. Longacre's ambitious work dedicated to the thesis that language is language only in context, and that context's natural role in the resolution of sentence ambiguities has been overlooked for too long by linguists. This new edition advances even further the `discourse revolution' which Longacre predicted in the First Edition would come in response to the demand for greater explanatory power through context. The most cogent application of this, one which makes the book unique among linguistics texts, is the author's exhaustive investigation into the interface of the morphosyntax of a language with its textual structures. This expanded volume builds upon its predecessor's major points, with new chapters increasing the coverage of paragraph and clause structure-the latter being handled in a new chapter which solves a problem posed in the original edition: how holistic concerns of structure, especially the recognition of different strands of information, relate to the constituent structure of discourse. The insights contained in this chapter create an opportunity to tie in current discussions of transitivity, ergativity, the antipassive, agency hierarchy, order-preserving transformations, and word-order concerns into the structure of discourse.Other noteworthy features of the Second Edition include: The integration of information salience, local dominance, and paragraph type to answer the question `What makes a discourse followable ?' -A study of dialogue relations-The formalization of the interrelations of tagmeme and syntagmeme, and of the varieties of exponence on the various levels of hierarchy-The use of an expanded and enriched statement calculus to better pinpoint logical relations between predications-The use of a similarly enriched predicate calculus to present case frames-A stepped diagram presentation of paragraph level analyses.〉 With material tested in classes at the University of Texas, Arlington, this influential work merits serious consideration as a text for first-year graduate courses in linguistics

Abstract: This book suggests that business research, in the collection, analysis, and communication of evidence, will benefit from explicit acceptance of research as argumentation. Argumentation is the process of compiling an argument through selection and organization of the relevant evidence. Recently, business research methods books have placed too much emphasis on the scientific method as brute empiricism, using only large sample statistical testing and demanding prediction through retesting old theories. Especially with regard to the study of human activity, there is now much evidence that there is not one special scientific method. This book argues that all types of empirical data, including statistics and personal experiences, be accepted as data, but that it is essential that these observations be explained. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate business students with a strategy for conducting research that encourages thought, provides a way of critically perceiving previous research, as well as suggesting a logical structure for communicating their research

Abstract: In this original text/reference, Bela H. Banathy discusses a broad range of design approaches, models, methods, and tools, together with the theoretical and philosophical bases of social systems design. he explores the existing knowledge bases of systems design; introduces and integrates concepts from other fields that contribute to design thinking and practice; and thoroughly explains how competence in social systems design empowers people to direct their progress and create a truly participative democracy. Based on advanced learning theory and practice, the text's material is enhanced by helpful diagrams that illustrate novel concepts and problem sets that allow readers to apply these concepts

Abstract: 1. Major Histocompatibility Antigens: An Introduction -- 2. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation -- The Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Humans, the HLA -- Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression of MHC Genes -- Role of Aberrant Expression of MHC Gene Products in Immunologic Disease -- Cis-Elements and Transcription Factors That Control MHC Class I Gene Expression -- Factors and Elements That Control MHC Class II Gene Expression -- Models of Activation and Repression -- Concluding Comments -- 3. TAP Peptide Transporters and Antigen Presentation -- Evidence for Peptide Translocation by TAP -- Tap Genes and Sequences -- TAP as Member of the ABC Transporter Family -- Structure and Assembly of the TAP Complex -- In Vitro Assays for Peptide Binding and Transport by TAP -- Sequence Specificity of Peptide Transport by Different TAP Molecules -- Relating Specificity to the Structure of Polymorphic TAP Molecules -- Length of Transported Peptides -- TAP-Dependent and Independent Presentation -- TAP and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 4. Molecular Chaperones in MHC Class I and Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Introduction: ER Resident Molecular Chaperones -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in Class I Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in MHC Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Quality Control of MHC Molecules Mediated by Molecular Chaperones -- 5. Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Synthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Hydrolases -- Entry of Degradation Substrates -- Lysosomal Hydrolysis -- Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Possible Immunological Relevance -- Conclusion -- 6. Intracellular Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules -- Assembly of MHC Class II Molecules in the ER and Early Stages of Transport -- Processing Intermediates of Invariant Chain -- Post-Golgi Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules and Sites of Invariant Chain Degradation -- Intracellular Sites of Assembly of Peptide:MHC Class II Complexes -- 7. The Role of HLA-DM in Class II Antigen Presentation -- DM Sequence and Structure -- Regulation of Expression -- Genomic Organization of DM Genes -- Evolutionary Considerations -- DM Polymorphism -- Analysis of DM Mutant Cells -- The Mechanism of DM Action -- The Biology of Antigen Processing -- The Biosynthesis and Maturation of Class II -- Conclusion -- 8. Crystallographic Analysis of Peptide Binding by Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class I Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Similarities and Differences Between Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- 9. HLA and Disease: Molecular Basis -- Tissue Typing Techniques -- Epidemiological Analysis -- Paradigms of Diseases Associated with the MHC -- HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis -- MHC II and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 10. Epitope Prediction Algorithms for Class I MHC Molecules -- Elucidation of Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Anchor Residues -- Peptide-Binding Assays -- Physical Basis for Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Prediction of Binding Peptides -- Exceptional Peptides -- Peptide Binding and Antigenicity -- Conclusions -- 11. Options for TCR Interactions: TCR Agonists, Antagonists and Partial Agonists -- Introduction: Smart and Dumb T Cell Receptors -- Full Agonists, Partial Agonists and Antagonists -- What Do TCR Partial Agonists and Antagonists Do? -- T Cell Development -- The Direction of Mature T Cell Responses -- The Two Edged Sword: Antagonists as Protectors and Perpetrators of Disease -- How Do Antagonist/Partial Agonists Work? -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Role of Ligand Density in T Cell Reactions -- Background -- The Study of Peptides Recognized by CD8+ CTL -- What Determines the Efficacy of CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis? -- Role of Ligand Density -- Concluding Remarks -- 13. Cooperative Recognition of MHC Class II Molecules:Peptide Complexes by the T Cell Receptor and CD4 -- TCR Recognition of MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes -- CD4 Binding to MHC Class II Molecules -- CD4 Interaction With the TCR:CD3 Complex -- Conclusions -- 14. Receptors for MHC Class I Molecules in Human Natural Killer Cells -- MHC Class I Molecules Inhibit NK Cell Cytotoxicity -- Murine NK Inhibitory Receptors -- Human NK Inhibitory Receptors -- A New Family of Immunoglobulin-Superfamily (Ig-SF) Genes Selectively Expressed in Human NK Cells -- Evidence That NK-Specific Ig-SF Genes May Encode Human Receptors for Class I Molecules -- NK Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules Is Mediated by a Complex System -- 15. The MHC in Host-Pathogen Evolution -- Selection Acting on the Human Host -- Pathogen Avoidance of T Cell Recognition -- Mechanisms of Decreasing Antigen Presentation -- Mechanisms of Avoiding T Cell Recognition of Specific Epitopes -- Perspective -- 16. Peptide-Mediated Regulation of Allergic Diseases -- The Role of CD4+ T Cell Subsets -- The Immunological Objectives of Allergy Therapy -- Regulation of Specific T Cells by Peptides -- Deviation of Thl/Th2 Phenotype of the Responder Population -- 17. Genetic Modulation of Antigen Presentation -- Vaccines -- Genetic Immunization for Viral Diseases -- Treatment of Autoimmune Disease -- Conclusion.

Abstract: 3 nant expression systems have been used to make MHC molecules con­ taining a single peptide of interest. To date, fifteen single peptide class I structures (incorporating three different HLA and two different H-2 allotypes/isotypes) and four additional class II structures (two single peptide complexes and two superantigen complexes) have been reported. These advances have enabled us to study the atomic detail of antigen presentation and the general mechanisms behind peptide binding, and begin to construct models of T cell recognition. Another area of research which has exploded over the past five years has been the identification of MHC-associated peptides. There are several methods one can use to determine the sequence identity of MHC restricted peptides. Historically, the most successful technique, albeit crude and encumbered with serious limitations, has been the use of overlapping synthetic peptides and T cell clones. Unfortunately, this method absolutely requires: (i) knowledge of the target antigen; (ii) availability of T cell clones; and (iii) a relatively short overall length for the target source protein, such that a set of overlapping pep tides can be affordably synthesized. Briefly, the entire sequence of the tar­ get protein is chemically synthesized using overlapping peptides which are then screened for biological activity using standard T cell presen­ tation assays. Despite its limitations, this method was used to identify the first immunodominant epitopes reported in the literature and con­ tinues to be used successfully today.

Abstract: This book addresses key issues relating to war-induced stress experienced by different Israeli populations during the Gulf War. Author Zahava Solomon presents results of extensive studies on various stress indicators; how families cope with stess; gender differences in coping with stressors; and studies on children during and after the war. She also provides a unique insight into the role of Israel's mental health professionals during the war

Abstract: In this volume, archaeologists offer a new direction for burial research by expanding the models for mortuary analysis from a site-specific to a regional level. Contributors explore how regional mortuary approaches allow the introduction of new questions about peer polity interactions and regional alliances-extending traditional settlement system and exchange analyses. This volume features case studies examining mortuary sites as components of the archaeological landscape

Abstract: Style, Society, and Person integrates the diverse current and past understandings of the causes of style in material culture. It comprehensively surveys the many factors that cause style; reviews theories that address these factors; builds and tests a unifying framework for integrating the theories; and illustrates the framework with detailed analyses of archaeological and ethnographic data ranging from simple to complex societies. Archaeologists, sociocultural anthropologists, and educators will appreciate the unique unifying approach this book takes to developing style theory

Abstract: 1 Looking at death and dying -- 2 The importance of communications with the patient, family and professional carers -- 3 Nursing assessment -- 4 Nursing care in symptom management -- 5 The problems of pain for the dying patient -- 6 The last hours of life -- 7 The role of the doctor -- 8 Meeting social needs — the role of the social worker -- 9 The value of physiotherapy -- 10 Care of the dying child and the family -- 11 Care of the dying patient with AIDS -- 12 Meeting the needs of staff -- 13 Religious beliefs and cultural issues -- 14 Ethical aspects -- 15 Use of a day centre -- 16 Care in the home -- 17 Nursing care of the dying patient in hospital -- 18 Care in a hospice -- 19 The place of complementary therapies -- 20 Issues of bereavement -- Useful addresses.

Abstract: This third edition of a popular textbook has been completely revised by the joint editors, Janet Moscrop and Joy Robbins. As in previous editions, the focus is on the person dying at home, in residential care or in hospital and the emphasis is on teamwork in caring for the individual and their relatives and friends. Experts in all aspects of care have contributed to this complete revision of the previous text and each chapter is written by a different member of the multiprofessional team. The chapter on the terminal care of people suffering from AIDS has been enlarged and consideration is also given to care of those in the term­ inal stages of other non-malignant diseases. Other new material includes chapters on complementary therapy, the use of the day centre, the value of volunteers, diversional therapy and respite care. The chapter on bereavement covers many aspects of grief and loss and there is a sensitive approach to the need for supporting staff in this spe­ cialized work. Consideration is also given to the needs of dying and griev­ ing people from differing ethnic backgrounds with varying cultural expectations in a pluralistic society. The third edition offers a broad overview of the support given to the dying person and the carers by medical and nursing staff, physiothera­ pists, pharmacists, social workers, the chaplaincy and members of the pastoral care team. Students of all these disciplines should find this book both readable and informative.

Abstract: 1 The revolution in maternity care: the diverse strands of a complicated tapestry -- 2 Birth attendants and their places of practice -- 3 The practices of attendants before birth -- 4 The practices of attendants around the time of birth -- 5 Maternity care: a public concern -- 6 Evaluating the results of maternity care: statistical instruments -- 7 Mortality of the mother -- 8 Mortality of the child -- 9 Epilogue: drawing fair conclusions from factual evidence -- Author index.

Abstract: Since the first edition went to press in 1989, there have been many important developments concerning different aspects of maternity care. To take account of these, much needs to be added to this history. Late 1989 saw the publication of the double volume set of studies, Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, in which all the then existing evidence on all the associated procedures was considered and evaluated by well-informed and impartial authors representing many countries. This informative collection has since been followed by a flow of single reports of new research findings about specific subjects within the field. To incorporate the new material has involved, in particular, a consider­ able enlargement and rearrangement of the text and reference lists for Chapters 3 and 4, which deal with antenatal and intranatal care. Then in 1990-1 the House of Commons Health Committee, under its chairman Nicholas Winterton, undertook a further enquiry into the maternity services in Britain. A wide range of people concerned as pro­ viders or users of the service, as well as researchers concerned to find out how well the service was meeting needs, chose to submit testi­ monies, written and oral. These testimonies were all later published in six volumes which offered a most valuable depiction of the maternity service from many points of view.

Abstract: Reflecting a diversity of thought and intellectual power, this unique volume provides undergraduate students with an important historical context and demonstrates the continuity of many issues in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. Commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the American Society of Criminology, this volume contains previously published articles by the society's president-many of whom are the leading thinkers in the field. Articles examine the philosophy of punishment, policing, the politics of crime and crime control, criminological theory, drug use, white-collar crime, female crime, the study of deviance, parole, prediction studies, and criminal justice policy

Abstract: 1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction -- 2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.

Abstract: The field of "Oxygen Activation" has attracted considerable interest recently, not only because it presents challenges in those fields of basic research that aim to understand the fundamental aspects of chemical and biological reactions that involve dioxygen, but also because of its wide range of practical implications in such diverse fields as medicine, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, materials science, and atmospheric science. This is the second of two volumes that focus on the subject of oxygen activation, the first slanted toward chemistry and the second toward biological chemistry. We planned these volumes to be more general than many monographs of this sort, not as detailed summaries of the authors' own research but rather as general overviews of the field. Our choice of topics was strongly influenced by our syllabus for a course entitled "Oxygen Chemistry," which two of us have twice taught jointly at UCLA. Definition of important issues, horizons, and future prospects was an important goal, and, although totally comprehensive coverage was not possible, we believe that we have chosen a representative selection of research topics current to the field. We have targeted this work to a diverse audience ranging from professionals in fields from physics to medicine to beginning graduate students who are interested in rapidly acquiring the basics of this field.

Abstract: The Structure and Electronic Configuration of Crystalline Surfaces -- Present and Proposed Uses of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction in Studying Surfaces -- The Effects of Oxide and Organic Films on Sliding Friction -- The Deformational and Geometrical Aspect of Surfaces in Sliding Contact -- Effect of Surface Energy on Lubrication -- Problems of Producing a Clean Surface by Outgassing in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces -- The Relation of the Attractive Forces at Interfaces to Wetting, Spreading, Adsorption, and Long-Range Attractive Forces -- Solid-to-Solid Adhesion -- Spreading, Penetration, and Capillary Flow in Metallic Systems -- Bibliography on Surface Phenomena (Selected References, 1963–1965).

Abstract: Flavor is unquestionably one of the most extremely secretive one-reluctant to dis­ close anything that might be of value to a important attributes of the food we eat. competitor. Thus, little information about Man does not eat simply to live but even the activities of the flavor industry itself is more so lives to eat. Take away the pleasure offood and life becomes relatively mundane. available to the public. There now is a substantial body of liter­ The goal of the original Source Book of ature dealing with food flavor. The "golden Flavors, written by Henry Heath, was to years" of flavor research in the United States bring together in one volume as much of the were the 1960s and 70s. Numerous academic worldwide data and facts and as many flavor­ and government institutions had strong related subjects (e. g. , food colors) as was flavor programs and money was readily possible. Henry Heath added a wealth of available for flavor research. In the 1980s personal information on how the industry and 90s, research funding has become diffi­ accomplishes its various activities, which cult to obtain, particularly in an esthetic had never been published in any other liter­ area such as food flavor. The number of ature. It has been the intent of this author to research groups focusing on food flavor has update and build upon the original work of declined in the United States. Fortunately, Henry Heath.

Abstract: As someone who was trained in the clinical sdentific tradition it took me several years to start to appreciate that food was more than a collection of nutrients, and that most people did not make their choices of what to eat on the biologically rational basis of nutritional composition. This realiza­ tion helped tobring me to an understanding of why people didn't always eat what (I believed) was good for them, and why the patients I had seen in hospital as often as not had failed to follow the dietary advice I had so confidently given. When I entered the field of health education I quickly discovered the farnaus World Health Organization definition of health as being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. Health was a triangle -and I had been guilty of virtu­ ally ignoring two sides of that triangle. As I became involved in practical nutrition education initiatives the deficiencies of an approach based on giving information about nutrition and physical health became more and more apparent. The children whom I saw in schools knew exactly what to say when asked to describe a nutritious diet: they could recite the food guide and list rich sources of vitamins and minerals; but none of this intellectual knowledge was reflected in their own actual eating habits.

Abstract: Interaction of Evoked Cortical Potentials in the Rabbit -- Cortical Repetitive Responses Elicited by a Single Contralateral Stimulus -- Cortical Responses to Repetitive Contralateral Stimulation after Sectioning of the Corpus Callosum -- Cortical Excitability Changes Following Transcallosal Afferent Excitation -- The Interaction of Callosal Potentials and Potentials Evoked by Thalamic Stimulation. -- The Effect of Electric Stimulation of the Brain Stem on the Galvanic Skin Reflex -- Lambda Waves of Human Subjects of Different Age Levels -- Electroencephalographic and Galvanic-Skin Investigation of the Orienting Reflex in Man -- Electroencephalographic Study of Temporary Connections in Man -- Appendices -- A. Papers on Brain Research Published in the Acta Physiologica Sinica for the Period 1962–1966 -- B. Papers on Brain Research Published in English or in Russian in the Scientia Sinica for the Period 1952–1966 -- C. Some Linguistic Aspects of Scientific and Technical Chinese -- D. Dictionaries Used in the Preparation of These Translations -- E. Chinese-Language Titles and Foreign-Language Abstracts of Articles Appearing in this Work.

Abstract: The great majority of papers on brain research that have been published in Mainland China in recent years have appeared in the Chinese language (only a small fraction of the work has appeared in English in the journal Scientia Sinica), and hence they have remained inacces­ sible to other workers, since there have been no translation programs of publications in this field in Chinese of the types that have existed, for example, for Russian-language materials. Accordingly, most investigators are not aware of the work of their Chinese colleagues in this field. Yet the field has been an active if small one in China, and has covered a variety of topics that include electrophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neuropsychology, and in­ strumentation. Standard techniques and instruments, a number of Chinese manufacture, have been employed. Moreover, Chinese workers have been quite familiar with the publications of other investigators, as is readily apparent from the bibliographies of the papers (see Index).

Abstract: One Housing Yesterday -- Two Housing Today -- Three Community Planning and Design -- Four Siting and Lot Patterns -- Five Floor Plans and Building Image -- Six Interior Details -- Seven Exterior Details -- Eight Multifamily Housing -- Nine Manufactured Housing -- Ten Conclusion: Housing Tomorrow -- Project Credits -- Notes -- Bibliograpy.

Abstract: are often lined with garages in front of houses that are clearly more internalized in design, some even taking on a fortress-like appearance. Today's new homes are technically superior in construction; i.e., they are more energy efficient, weather resistant and maintenance free. However, they also seem to lack the warmth and charm of prewar homes, for which more construction dollars were spent on quality veneers, buUt-in features and other human-scale details. The postwar need for massive amounts of "affordable" housing for returning GIs helped to encourage buUding practices that could reduce on-site labor and material costs in houses. The accommodation of the automobile, cost-cutting movements and a variety of other trends caused a gradual decline in the human, social and emotional qualities of postwar residential architecture. This book will attempt to look at the issues and choices facing today's residential designers and home buUders and ask: How can we make our new houses and neighborhoods more responsive to humanistic needs, partlcularly in light of constant pressures to keep housing costs down? This question will generally be addressed by comparing historical designs to those of today, to see if we might be able to reconsider some "old-fashioned" ideas in new housing designs.

Abstract: 1. Introduction to the Reactions Between Oxidizing Gases and Metals and Alloys -- 2. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Processes in Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Crystals -- 2.1. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Stoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.2. Defect Phenomena in Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.3. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Regions Near the Surface of Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.4. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Mechanisms in Metals -- 3. The Mechanism of Oxidation of Metals — Theory -- 3.1. Diffusion and Transport Processes in Scaling and Tarnishing Layers -- 3.2. The Wagner Theory of Oxidation -- 3.3. Diffusion and Scaling Coefficients -- 3.4. Calculation of the Absolute Oxidation Rate Constants of Metals for the Parabolic Rate Law -- 3.5. The Effect of Electric Fields on Metal Oxidation -- 4. Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers -- 4.1. Scaling Systems with Ion-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.2. Scaling Systems with Electron-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.3. Catastrophic Oxidation -- 4.4. Scaling Systems with Rate-Determining Phase-Boundary Reactions -- 4.5. Scaling Systems with Protective Layers Containing Several Phases -- 4.6. Scaling of Iron Alloys -- 4.7. The Influence of Metal Diffusion in the Alloy Phase on the Scaling Rate -- 4.8. The Mechanism of Internal Oxidation of Alloys -- 5. The Mechanism of the Attack of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds on Metals and Alloys -- 6. The Oxidation Mechanism of Metal-Carbon Alloys and Carbides -- 7. The Mechanism of Oxide Layer Formation in Aqueous Electrolytes -- 7.1. The Phenomenon of Passivity -- 7.2. The Mechanism of Passive Layer Formation on Metals and Alloys -- 7.3. The Solution Current of Metals with Passive Layers -- 8. A Few Approved Methods of Measurement of Coating Growth -- 8.1. Use of the Microbalance in Oxidation Apparatus -- 8.2. Gas Volumetric and Manometric Methods for Measurement of the Oxidation Rate -- 8.3. Further Methods for the Measurement of the Thickness of Tarnishing Layers -- Author Index.

Abstract: During the translation, the author had the opportunity to re­ view several chapters, taking into consideration the more recent literature. As far as possible all new theoretical concepts and experi­ mental data published before 1963 have been quoted and discussed under the theoretical viewpoint of this book. A new chapter "Passivity and Inhibition During High-Tempera­ ture Oxidation" was introduced. Section 4.8 was enlarged by a dis­ cussion of the transition from internal to external oxidation. The author very much appreciates the cooperation of the trans­ lator and of Plenum Press. Gottingen, April 1.965 Karl Hauffe v Preface The number of publications concerned with oxidation and cor­ rosion processes has become so copious that many engineers and scientists find it practically impossible to obtain an overall view of the growing body of knowledge and to bring order to the confusing multiplicity of experimental data. As a result the need for a compre­ hensive survey of the present state of research in this field has be­ come more and more urgent.

Abstract: Approximate Methods of Solving Logical Problems -- Certain Questions in the Coding of Finite Automata -- Some Methods of Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata -- Some Algorithms for Synthesizing Schemes of Minimal Depth -- Construction of Minimal Disjunctive Normal Forms -- One Method of Synthesizing Normal Forms -- Optimization of the Search for a Shortest Covering -- Minimizing the Number of Arguments of Boolean Functions -- Experimental Evaluation of One Method of Minimizing the Number of States of Discrete Automata -- Economizing of Memory Utilization -- Algorithm for Minimizing Operational Memory -- Synthesis of Optimal Algorithms for Recognizing Boolean Functions -- Economizing Program Memory of Special-Purpose Digital Computers -- Synthesizing a Stochastic Automaton -- Constructing Tests for Finite Automata by Means of the Language of Regular Expressions -- APPENDIX. Description of the LYaPAS Language -- A. D. Zakrevskii.

Abstract: The present collection is devoted to algorithmic methods, and computer algorithms, for the synthesis of digital computers and controlling machines. The work reported in the papers collected here was performed at the Institute for Prob­ lems of Information Transmission of the Academy of Science of the USSR, in the section for computational techniques of the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Science of the USSR, and in the Problem Laboratory of Computing Devices of the Siberian Physics -Engineering Ins titute. The paper by A. D. Zakrevskii is devoted to the discussion of ways of solving basic prob­ lems in the area of computer solution of logical problems, including the problem of automata synthesis. In the paper by E. I. Piil' a methodology is presented for coding internal states and input states of finite automata which is suitable for computer realization. The suggested coding al­ gorithms permit one to take account simultaneously of constraints on inadmissible critical races of memory elements, speed and simplicity of structure of the automaton's logical transformer. E. N. Turuta's paper investigates certain methods of synthesizing reliable automata, based on the introduction of redundancy into the automaton's memory block. The paper by Ya. I. Fet contains a solution to the problem of synthesizing schemes of minimal depth for one of the most widely used bases of elements in computer technology.

Abstract: Magnets in Biological Research -- Effects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems -- The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells -- The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures -- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration -- Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System -- Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice -- Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields -- Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field -- Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields -- Biomagnetic Hypotheses -- The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs -- Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster -- The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System -- Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Magnetic Fields -- Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons -- Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field -- Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electromagnet -- Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials.

Abstract: We define biomagnetism broadly as the science of processes and functions in living organisms induced by static magnetic fields. Biomagnetic research has greatly increased since the publication of the first volume of this series. While much of this work has been reported in various international journals, there exists a need for this work to be collected together in one place. This book covers a rather wide area of research, both with respect to the strength of the field, ranging from "zero" to 150,000 oersteds, and with respect to the various specimens and their biological functions. It is designed primarly to help clarify the action of magnetic fields on biological systems with the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fundamental physiological processes occurring in them. In some chapters it is suggested that magnetic fields could ultimately be used in the treatment of disease. I would like to take this occasion to thank the contributors for their generous interest and willing cooperation. M. F. B. June 1969 Chicago, Illinois v CONTRIBUTORS Robert A. Abler, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, California (page 1). M. M. Alexandrovskaya, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neuro­ physiology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Jena M. Barnothy, Biomagnetic Research Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (page 61). Madeleine F. Barnothy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (pages xi, 103). Robert O. Becker, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse; Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, New York (page 207).

Abstract: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Electronic Cable in an Emi Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to System EMI and EMC -- 1.2 Cable EMI Controlling Factors -- 1.3 Defining and Modeling EMC Performance of Electronic Cable -- 2. Understanding Cable Shielding -- 2.1 Effects and Problems of Cable Shielding -- 2.2 Bare Necessities: A Theoretical Detour -- 2.3 Shielding—This Is Not Very Simple -- 3. Transfer Parameters of Cable Shields -- 3.1 Figure of Merit of Cable Shield Performance -- 3.2 The Electromagnetic Theory of Solid Homogeneous Shielding Tubes -- 3.3 Practical Tubular Shields -- 3.4 Spiral Shields -- 3.5 Braided Shield -- 3.6 Multilayer Shields -- 4. Electromagnetic Coupling and Shielding -- 4.1 Shielding to Decouple and Coupling to Shield -- 4.2 Coupling and Shielding in Static and Stationary Fields -- 4.3 Shielding for Crosstalk Protection -- 4.4 Shielding from Radiating Fields -- 4.5 Grounding and Termination of Cable Shields -- 4.6 Transient Response of Cable Shielding -- 5. Measurement Techniques and Apparatus: The Tools of the Trade -- 5.1 The Proof of the Shielding -- 5.2 System Shielding Effectiveness Measurements -- 5.3 Cable Assembly Measurements -- 5.4 Transfer Impedance and Capacitive Coupling Impedance Measurements -- 5.5 Testing in Time Domain -- 5.6 Test Result Correlation And Interpretation -- 6. Cable Shielding Engineering -- 6.1 System Approach to Shielding Engineering -- 6.2 Cable Shielding Design for EMC Performance -- 6.3 Performance Stability and Reliability of Cable Shielding -- 6.4 Shielding Unlimited.

Abstract: The mathematical theory of wave propagation along a conductor with an external coaxial return is very old, going back to the work of Rayleigh, Heaviside, and J. J. Thomson. These words were written by S. A. Schelkunoff back in 1934. Indeed, those early works dealt with signal propagation along the line as well as electromagnetic shielding of the environment inside and/or outside the metallic enclosures. Max­ well himself developed pioneering studies of single-layer shielding shells, while a paper with such a "modern" title as "On the Magnetic Shielding of Concentric Spherical Shells" was presented by A. W Rucker as early as 1893! * Such "state of the art" shielding theory created in the last century is even more amazing if you think that at almost the same time (namely, in 1860s), a manuscript of Jules Verne's book, Paris in the. xx Century, was rejected by a publisher because it pre­ dicted such "outrageously incredible" electrotechnology as, for example, FAX service by wires and the electrocutioner's chair. (With regard to the last invention, I suspect many readers would rather Jules Verne has been wrong. ) However, although the beginning of electromagnetic shielding theory and its implementation to electronic cables date back more than a century, this dynamic field keeps constantly growing, driven by practical applications.

Abstract: I Introduction and Foundational Issues -- 1 An Introduction to Existential-Phenomenological Thought in Psychology -- 2 Psychology and the Attitude of Science -- 3 Phenomenological Research Methods -- II Classical Topics in Psychology -- 4 Brain, Body, and World: Body Image and the Psychology of the Body -- 5 Approaches to Perception in Phenomenological Psychology: The Alienation and Recovery of Perception in Modern Culture -- 6 Learning and Memory from the Perspective of Phenomenological Psychology -- III Development, Emotion, and Social Psychology -- 7 A Phenomenological Approach to Child Development -- 8 An Empirical-Phenomenological Investigation of Being Anxious: An Example of the Phenomenological Approach to Emotion -- 9 The Social Psychology of Person Perception and the Experience of Valued Relationships -- IV The Clinical Area -- 10 Personality and Assessment -- 11 Demystifying Psychopathology: Understanding Disturbed Persons -- 12 Psychotherapy and Human Experience -- V Explorations of Central Life Issues -- 13 Transformation of the Passions: Psychoanalytic and Phenomenological Perspectives -- 14 The Psychology of Forgiving Another: A Dialogai Research Approach -- 15 Aesthetic Consciousness -- VI Transpersonal Psychology -- 16 The Emergence of Transpersonal Psychology -- 17 Basic Postulates for a Transpersonal Psychotherapy -- 18 Transpersonal Psychology: Promise and Prospects -- 19 The Imagery in Movement Method: A Process Tool Bridging Psychotherapeutic and Transpersonal Inquiry -- 20 States of Consciousness and Transpersonal Psychology -- Name Index.

Abstract: When I began to study psychology a half century ago, it was defined as "the study of behavior and experience." By the time I completed my doctorate, shortly after the end of World War II, the last two words were fading rapidly. In one of my first graduate classes, a course in statistics, the professor announced on the first day, "Whatever exists, exists in some number." We dutifully wrote that into our notes and did not pause to recognize that thereby all that makes life meaningful was being consigned to oblivion. This bland restructuring-perhaps more accurately, destruction-of the world was typical of its time, 1940. The influence of a narrow scientistic attitude was already spreading throughout the learned disciplines. In the next two decades it would invade and tyrannize the "social sciences," education, and even philosophy. To be sure, quantification is a powerful tool, selectively employed, but too often it has been made into an executioner's axe to deny actuality to all that does not yield to its procrustean demands.

Abstract: 1.Introduction -- 2. Collection and Handling of Prochloron and Its Hosts -- Collection and Handling -- Treatment of Prochloron cells -- Conclusion -- 3. Prochloron in Symbiosis -- Photosynthesis -- Translocation -- Formation of the Symbiosis -- Biochemical Interactions between the Symbionts -- Other Interactions between the Symbionts -- References -- 4. Physiological and Cellular Features of Prochloron -- Photosynthetic Features of Prochloron -- Respiratory Behavior and Carbon Balance in Prochloron -- Properties of the Photosynthetic Pigments and Membranes of Prochloron -- Physiology of the Prochloron-Ascidian Association -- Some Suggested Physiological Requirements for the Culture of Prochloron -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Biochemical Features of Prochloron -- General Features of Enzyme Isolation -- Enzymes of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism -- Enzymes of Glucan Synthesis and Storage Carbohydrates -- Lipophilic Components -- Properties of Membrane Fractions -- Miscellaneous Compounds and Metabolic Investigations -- Conclusion -- References -- 6. Phylogenetic Considerations of Prochloron -- Phylogenetic Position -- Phylogentic Rank -- Possible Relationship to Chloroplasts -- References -- 7. The Cytology of Prochloron -- The Cell Wall -- Thylakoids -- Inclusions -- Nucleic Acids -- Conclusion -- References -- 8. A Status Report on Prochlorothrix hollandica a Free-Living Prochlorophyte -- Epilogue -- Author Index.

Abstract: Ralph A. LewiQand Lanna Cheng In physics, the discovery of new (more properly, hitherto undetected) particles has often resulted from a search: like the discovery of America, their existence had been postulated but their actual existence awaited confirmation. In biology, new discoveries are rarely made in this way. The existence of an alga like Prochloron, as a putative ancestor of chloro­ plasts, had been postulated, but in fact its discovery was a consequence of fortuitous events. Green algal symbionts in didemnid ascidians had been known for decades to a few marine zoologists who had worked in coral reef areas, but nobody had bothered much about them. When we happened to find them, under boulders on a seashore in Baja California, Mexico, where we were taking part in a student expedition, we didn't bother much either at first, though they worried us a little. With our portable microscope we could see no nuclei in the cells, which, according to the dogma accepted at the time, indicated that they were blue-green algae-yet they didn't look blue-green. They were leaf-green, like green algae and higher plants. We made desultory attempts to grow them in culture, in variously enriched seawater media, but failed. (This proved to be a frustrating experience, all too frequently repeated on subsequent expeditions. ) We collected enough for electron microscopy, though, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicated that the cells were unequivocally prokaryotic.

Abstract: I Polymers -- 1. Electrically Conductive Polymers -- 2. Lonically Conductive Polymers -- II Plastics -- 3. Metallic Plating and Coating on Plastics -- 4. Conductive Plastics.

Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Abstract: Communications * Standard Dictionary is a comprehensive compilation of terms and definitions used in communications and related fields. Communications is defined as the branch of science and technology concerned with the process of representing, transferring, and interpreting the meaning as­ signed to data by and among persons, places, or machines. Communication is defined as the transfer of information between a source (trans­ mitter, light source) and a sink (receiver, photodetector) over one or more chan­ nels in accordance with a protocol, and in a manner suitable for interpretation or comprehension by the receiver; or as a method or means of conveying informa­ tion of any kind from one person or place to another. In short, communications is a branch of science and technology, whereas com­ munication pertains to the actual transfer of information. Thus, the word com­ munication should be used as a modifier, as in communication center, communi­ cation deception, and communication line, just as in the field of electronics one speaks of electronic devices and electronic circuits.

Abstract: Key Note Lecture 1 -- Key Note Lecture 2 -- Key Note Lecture 3 -- Machinery/Systems Health Monitoring -- Quality, Reliability, Health and Safety -- Plant and Process Health Monitoring -- Application of Expert Systems in COMADEM -- Information/Data Management -- Condition-based Maintenance Management -- Advances in Instrumentation and Control Technology -- Advances in Diagnostic Technology -- Energy Monitoring and Management -- Condition Monitoring of Offshore Structures and Installations -- Advances in Non-destructive Testing (NDT)/Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) -- Novel Application of COM ADEM Techniques -- Continuing Education and Training in COMADEM -- Author Index.

Abstract: RajB KNRao Conference Director, Birmingham Polytechnic Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management (COMADEM) is a relatively new field that has already made its mark in a wide range of industries. But all the signs are that even more will be required of researchers in the field over the next decade, for COMADEM directly addresses a whole range of issues that are likely to become increasingly important to companies as competitiveness increases along with the uncertainties resulting from rapid technological change. Already for example, businesses are having to scrutinize the economics of plant and machinery in greater detail than ever before; reliability is becoming a crucial factor as the costs of unscheduled breakdowns rise and there is increasing pressure on companies to demonstrate and assure improved health and safety conditions, especially in light of the growing number of catastrophic accidents that have occured throughout the world. Because it offers solutions to these and similar problems, COMADEM is now gaining an international reputation as a problem-solving, user-friendly and financially beneficial multi-discipline with immense potential. Many people at the senior management level are now convinced that COMADEM has much to offer and are wasting no time in reaping maximum benefit from the latest developments. The fact that the first UK informal seminar on COMADEM - COMADEM 88 - proved to be a great success and had a truly international flavour reflected this growing interest in the new field.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Preliminary-purpose and scope of book -- 1.2 Historic development of ICP spectrometry -- 1.3 Background to quantitative ICP analysis -- 1.4 Range of determinable elements in geological materials -- 2 Analytical characteristics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Simultaneous analysis -- 2.3 Sequential analysis ICP system -- 2.4 Detection limits -- 2.5 Calibration range of ICP—AES -- 2.6 Interferences -- 2.7 Precision and accuracy -- 2.8 Experimental considerations -- 2.9 The injection of organic liquids into an ICP -- 3 Instrumentation for ICP—AES -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Spectrometers -- 3.3 Plasma torches -- 3.4 Nebulizer systems -- 3.5 Radiofrequency generators and source -- 3.6 Electronics, computers and software -- 3.7 Fourier transform spectrometers -- 3.8 ICP-atomic fluorescence spectrometry -- 3.9 Direct current plasmas (DCP) -- 3.10 Microwave plasmas (MIP) -- 3.11 Choice of an ICP system -- 4 Silicate rock analysis -- 4.1 Dissolution methods for silicates -- 4.2 Instrument calibration -- 4.3 Major element determinations -- 4.3 Trace element analysis -- 4.4 Rare earth element determinations -- 5 Multielement applications of ICPS in applied geochemistry -- 5.1 The nature and evolution of applied geochemistry -- 5.2 General aspects of applied geochemical analysis -- 5.3 ICP instrumentation in relation to the requirements of applied geochemistry -- 5.4 Decomposition procedures in applied geochemical analysis -- 6 Gas phase sample injection -- 6.1 The development of gas phase injection methods -- 6.2 Methodology of the hydride injection system -- 6.3 Applications of the hydride injection system -- 7 Injection methods for solid samples -- 7.1 Introduction to solid sample injection methods -- 7.2 Sample injection following electrothermal vaporization -- 7.3 Direct sample injection from a graphite rod -- 7.4 Discrete sample injection by means of laser ablation -- 7.5 Nebulization of slurries -- 8 Water analysis by ICP—AES -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General aspects of water analysis -- 8.3 Direct water analysis by ICP—AES -- 8.4 Water analysis with preconcentration -- 9 The analysis of environmental materials by ICP—AES -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Air analysis -- 9.3 Sewage sludge -- 9.4 Domestic dust, road dust and industrial dust -- 9.5 Domestic and industrial refuse -- 9.6 The analysis of animal and plant tissues -- 10 The analysis of archaeological materials by ICP—AES -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Archaeological materials -- 11 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry -- 11.1 Instrumentation -- 11.2 Optimization -- 11.3 Interferences -- 11.4 Calibration strategies -- 11.5 Applications of ICP-MS with sample introduction by nebulization -- 11.6 Other modes of sample introduction -- 11.7 Future directions -- 12 Analysis of metals by ICP—AES -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Analysis of iron and steel -- 12.3 Analysis of other metals -- Appendix 1 Safety -- Appendix 2 Manufacturers of ICP systems and accessories -- References.

Abstract: The first edition of our Handbook was written in 1983. In the preface to the first edition we noted the rapid development of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and its considerable potential for elemental analysis. The intervening five years have seen a substantial growth in ICP applications; much has happened and this is an appropriate time to present a revised edition. The basic approach of the book remains the same. This is a handbook, addressed to the user of the technique who seeks direct, practical advice. A concise summary of the technique is attempted. Detailed, theoretical treatment of the background to the method is not covered. We have, however, thoroughly revised much of the text, and new chapters have been added. These reflect the changes and progress in recent years. We are grateful to Mr Stephen Walton, Dr Gwendy Hall and London and Scandinavian Metallurgical Co. Ltd for their contributions. Chapter 3 (Instrumentation) has been rewritten by Mr Walton, the new Chapter on ICP-mass spectrometry has been written by Dr Hall, and London and Scandinavian provided much of the information for the chapter on metals analysis by ICP-AES. These chapters have been integrated into the book, and a conscious effort has been made to retain the unity of style within the book. New material has been added elsewhere in the book, archaeological materials are considered, pre concentration methods and chemometrics covered more fully.

Abstract: 1 Introduction to mobile communications -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Mobile radio system fundamentals -- 1.3 A simple mobile radio system -- 1.4 Practical communication systems -- 1.5 Paging -- 1.6 Portables -- 1.7 Dialling systems -- 1.8 Radiophone services -- 1.9 Channel sharing -- 1.10 Area coverage techniques -- 1.11 Present and future use of mobile radio -- References -- 2 Multipath characteristics in urban areas -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The nature of multipath propagation -- 2.3 Short-term fading -- 2.4 Frequency-selective fading -- 2.5 Channel characterization -- 2.6 Channel sounding techniques -- 2.7 Practical channel sounders -- 2.8 Small-area characterization -- 2.9 Large-area characterization -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Propagation and signal strength prediction -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamentals of VHF and UHF propagation -- 3.3 Propagation over terrain obstacles -- 3.4 Multiple knife-edge diffraction -- 3.5 Propagation prediction models -- 3.6 Signal strength prediction in urban areas -- 3.7 Discussion -- 3.8 Signal variability -- 3.9 Large area statistics -- 3.10 Building penetration losses -- References -- 4 Modulation techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Amplitude modulation -- 4.3 Angle modulation -- 4.4 Implementation of AM systems -- 4.5 Single-sideband implementation -- 4.6 Demodulation -- 4.7 Generation of FM signals -- 4.8 FM demodulators -- 4.9 The effect of noise on AM systems -- 4.10 The effect of noise on FM systems -- 4.11 The effects of multipath propagation -- 4.12 Demodulation of data signals -- 4.13 Differentially encoded PSK (DPSK) -- 4.14 The effect of noise in data communication systems -- 4.15 Carrier transmissions -- 4.16 The influence of multipath fading on data transmissions -- 4.17 System performance -- 4.18 The fully digital approach -- References -- 5 Man-made noise -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Characterization of pulses -- 5.3 Characterization of impulsive noise -- 5.4 Measuring equipment -- 5.5 Practical measuring systems -- 5.6 Measurement of noise amplitude distribution -- 5.7 Statistical characterization of noise -- 5.8 Impulsive noise measurements -- 5.9 Summary -- 5.10 Performance prediction techniques -- References -- 6 Diversity reception -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic diversity methods -- 6.3 Improvements obtainable from diversity -- 6.4 Switched diversity -- 6.5 The effect of diversity on data systems -- 6.6 Practical diversity systems -- 6.7 Predetection diversity -- 6.8 Diversity systems using special receivers -- 6.9 Switched diversity -- 6.10 Comparison -- 6.11 Postdetection diversity -- 6.12 Time diversity -- 6.13 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 7 Using the radio channel in cellular radio networkgs -- 7.1 The radio channel as a system component -- 7.2 Wideband versus narrowband -- 7.3 Cellular radio fundamentals -- 8 Analogue cellular radio systems -- 8.1 Channel structures -- 8.2 Specifications for the radio equipment -- 8.3 Network control activity -- 8.4 System operation -- 8.5 Some system comparisons -- 9 Digital cellular radio systems -- 9.1 Digital versus analogue for second-generation cellular systems -- 9.2 Choice of basic system architecture -- 9.3 Essential techniques for digital implementation -- 9.4 Example systems -- 9.5 Postscript.

Abstract: During the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the nature of mobile communications technology and its impact on the general communic­ ations environment. In the 1970s, mobile radio was a minority activity in communications, based on relatively unsophisticated technology. The 1980s, however, have seen the emergence of analogue cellular systems and the definition of future digital systems, and the predicted demand for these services is such that investigations into the use of higher frequency bands have already begun. It is predicted that, by the late 1990s, the 'personal communications' world will have resulted in the majority of adults in Europe and North America being dependent on radio-connected terminals of various kinds for more than 50% of their total telecommunications needs. The technology which will form the basis of this revolution has now been defined, at least in outline, and the fixed and mobile equipment that will be used in systems of the future will bear little resemblance to that available even ten years ago. It is impossible within the confines of a single, relatively short book to cover all the subject areas needed for a study of this exciting and expanding field of technology. We have, perforce, been selective and have chosen those topics which we believe to be of primary importance at the present time.

Abstract: I -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Designing for Building Construction -- 3 Computer Models -- II -- 4 Planning a CAD System -- 5 Implementing a System — Management Issues -- 6 Implementing a System — Hardware and Software -- III -- 7 Preliminary Project Design -- 8 Project Management -- 9 Components: Graphical Representation -- 10 Model Assembly and Drawings for Detailed Design of Projects -- 11 Non-graphical Design Information -- 12 Project Control and Quality Assurance -- 13 Construction, Space Planning and Building Management -- 14 Concluding Remarks and The Future -- References.

Abstract: In the era of Information Technology, the computer is the machine-tool. Designers and planners are information workers and many have turned to CAD technology, hoping to find something that will ensure survival in the increasingly competitive business climate. The new problem relates not to any limitations of systems, but to the lack of knowledge on how to implement, manage and control the CAD technology. This book is aimed at design professionals, planners and managers. Although references and examples relate to building and construction work, most of the principles are unlikely to differ whatever the application. As a result, it should be useful in the fields of mechanical engineering and manufacturing industry too. Chapter 13 deals with applications in construction planning, space planning and facilities management. Emphasis throughout is on people, responsibilities, applications, organisation and procedures. The design process is highly interactive. Manual drawing, or use of a computer drafting system to mimic this, inevitably leads to inconsistencies within in the design information. Computer modelling of projects presents better opportunities and the many techniques range from 2-D modelling to solid modelling. A blend of 2-D and 3-D methods to suit the application is essential today. System planning itself requires a carefully managed feasibility study comprising preliminary and detailed phases. Objectives and requirements of the office must be set down. Then there is something to compare the available systems with. The chosen system must be capable of evolving to meet an ever-changing future.

Abstract: 1. New Directions in Building Design -- 1.1. Change from Master Builders to Managers -- 1.2. Basic Traditional Building Procedure -- 1.3. Systems Design Approach to Building -- 1.4. Design by Building Team -- 2. Basic Building Elements and Their Representation -- 2.1. Main Parts of Buildings -- 2.2. Floors and Ceilings -- 2.3. Roofs -- 2.4. Exterior Walls and Openings -- 2.5. Partitions, Doors, and Interior-Wall Finishes -- 2.6. Structural Framing and Foundations -- 2.7. Plumbing -- 2.8. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems -- 2.9. Lighting -- 2.10. Acoustics -- 2.11. Electric Supply -- 2.12. Vertical-Circulation Elements -- 2.13. Why Drawings Are Necessary -- 2.14. Drawing Conventions -- 2.15. Types of Drawings -- 2.16. Specifications -- 2.17. Scales and Dimensions on Drawings -- 2.18. Elevation Views -- 2.19. Plan Views -- 2.20. Lines -- 2.21. Sections -- 2.22. Details -- 2.23. Survey and Plot Plans -- 3. Systems Design Method -- 3.1. Models -- 3.2. Value Measures for Comparisons 643.3. Comparisons of Systems -- 3.4. Return on Investment -- 3.5. Constraints Imposed by Building Codes -- 3.6. Zoning Codes -- 3.7. Other Constraining Regulations -- 3.8. Systems Design Steps -- 3.9. System Goals -- 3.10. System Objectives -- 3.11. System Constraints -- 3.12. Value Analysis -- 3.13. Optimum Design of Complex Systems -- 4. Application of Systems Design to Buildings -- 4.1. Considerations in Adaptation of Systems Design -- 4.2. Role of Owner -- 4.3. Conceptual Phase of Systems Design -- 4.4. Design Development Phase of Systems Design -- 5. Contract Documents and Construction Methods -- 5.1. Responsibilities Assigned by the Construction Contract -- 5.2. Components of the Contract Documents -- 5.3. Contract Drawings -- 5.4. Specifications -- 5.5. Bidding Requirements -- 5.6. Contractors Drawings -- 5.7. Construction and Occupancy Permits -- 5.8. Construction Procedures -- 6. Life Safety Concerns -- 6.1. Windstorms -- 6.2. Earthquakes -- 6.3. Fire -- 6.4. Fire Extinguishment -- 6.5. Emergency Egress -- 6.6. Fire Protection -- 6.7. Security -- 6.8. Barrier-Free Environments -- 6.9. Toxic Materials -- 6.10. Construction Safety -- 7. Building Sites and Foundations -- 7.1. Site Considerations -- 7.2. Site Surveys -- 7.3. Soil Considerations for Site and Foundation Design -- 7.4. Shallow Bearing Foundations -- 7.5. Deep Foundations -- 7.6. Lateral and Uplift Forces on Structures -- 7.7. Site Development Considerations 1917.8. Cofferdams and Foundation Walls -- 7.9. Bewatering of Excavations -- 7.10. Investigation and Testing -- 7.11. Systems-Design Approach to Site Adaptation -- 8. Structural Systems -- 8.1. Building Loads -- 8.2. Deformations of Structural Members -- 8.3. Unit Stresses and Strains -- 8.4. Idealization of Structural Materials -- 8.5. Structural Materials -- 8.6. Typical Major Constraints on Structural Systems -- 8.7. Tension Members -- 8.8. Columns -- 8.9. Trusses -- 8.10. Beams -- 8.11. Arches and Rigid Frames -- 8.12. Shells and Folded Plates -- 8.13. Cable-Supported Roofs -- 8.14. Pneumatic Structures -- 8.15. Horizontal Framing Systems -- 8.16. Vertical Structural Systems -- 8.17. Systems-Design Approach to Structural Systems -- 9. Plumbing -- 9.1. Water Supply -- 9.2. Wastewater Disposal -- 9.3. Basic Principles of Plumbing -- 9.4. Water-supply Systems -- 9.5. Sizing of Water-Supply Pipes -- 9.6. Wastewater-Removal Systems -- 9.7. Sizing of Wastewater and Vent Pipes -- 9.8. Piping for Heating Gas -- 9.9. Systems Design of Plumbing -- 10. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning -- 10.1. Design Considerations -- 10.2. Measurement of Heat -- 10.3. Heat Flow and Human Comfort -- 10.4. Thermal Insulation -- 10.5. Prevention of Damage from Condensation -- 10.6. Ventilation -- 10.7. Heat Losses -- 10.8. Heat Gains -- 10.9. Methods of Heating Buildings -- 10.10. Methods of Cooling and Air Conditioning Buildings -- 10.11. Passive Design -- 10.12. Systems-Design Approach to HVAC -- 11. Lighting -- 11.1. Accident Prevention -- 11.2. Quantity of Light -- 11.3. Quality of Light -- 11.4. Color -- 11.5. Lighting Strategies -- 11.6. Daylight -- 11.7. Lighting Equipment -- 11.8. Systems-Design Approach to Lighting -- 12. Sound and Vibration Control -- 12.1. Nature of Sounds and Vibrations -- 12.2. Measurement of Sounds -- 12.3. Acoustic Properties of Materials -- 12.4. Sound and Vibration Design Criteria -- 12.5. Sound and Vibration Control -- 12.6. Systems-Design Approach to Sound and Vibration Control -- 13. Electrical Systems -- 13.1. Characteristics of Direct Current -- 13.2. Characteristics of Alternating Current -- 13.3. Electrical Loads -- 13.4. Electrical Conductors and Raceways -- 13.5. Power-Systems Apparatus -- 13.6. Electrical Distribution in Buildings -- 13.7. Communication Systems -- 13.8. Systems-Design Approach to Electrical Distribution -- 14. Vertical Circulation -- 14.1. Ramps -- 14.2. Stairs -- 14.3. Escalators -- 14.4. Elevators -- 14.5. Dumbwaiters -- 14.6. Pneumatic Tubes and Vertical Conveyors -- 14.7. Systems-Design Approach to Vertical Circulation -- 15. Systems for Enclosing Buildings -- 15.1. Roofs -- 15.2. Roofmg -- 15.3. Exterior Walls -- 15.4. Single-Enclosure Systems -- 15.5. Windows -- 15.6. Doors in Exterior Walls -- 15.7. Systems-Design Approach to Building Enclosure -- 16. Systems for Interior Construction -- 16.1. Interior Walls and Partitions -- 16.2. Ordinary Doors -- 16.3. Special-Purpose Doors -- 16.4. Floor-Ceiling and Roof-Ceiling Systems -- 16.5. Interior Finishes -- 16.6. Systems-Design Approach to Interior Systems -- 17. Building Systems -- 17.1. Mishaps and Corrective Measures -- 17.2. Design of a Building System -- 17.3. Case-Study One: McMaster Health Sciences Center -- 17.4. Case-Study Two: Xerox International Center for Training and Management Development -- 17.5. Case-Study Three: Suburban Office Building for AT & T -- 17.6. Case-Study Four: A Glass-Enclosed Office Tower -- 17.7. Case-Study Five: An Office Building on a Tight Site -- 17.8. Case-Study Six: Office Building for Prudential Insurance Company -- 17.9. Case-Study Seven: Rowes Wharf Harbor Redevelopment Project.

Abstract: 1 Mechanical manometers -- 1.1 Liquid manometers -- 1.2 The McLeod gauge -- 1.3 The diaphragm manometer -- 1.4 Viscous or friction-type gauges -- References -- 2 Thermal conductivity gauges -- 2.1 Basic principles -- 2.2 Measurement of thermal conductivity -- 2.3 Sensitivity -- 2.4 End losses -- 2.5 Accommodation coefficient and relative sensitivity -- 2.6 Alternative methods of bridge control -- 2.7 Useful range of the constant-voltage bridge -- 2.8 The lower limit to the useful pressure range -- 2.9 The importance of bridge-voltage and temperature fluctuations at high pressure -- 2.10 Compensation for temperature and voltage fluctuations -- 2.11 Physical changes in the gauge wire (ageing effects) -- 2.12 Extension of working range to atmospheric pressure -- 2.13 Commercial gauges for laboratory and industrial use -- 2.14 The thermocouple gauge -- References -- 3 Thermionic cathode ionization gauges -- 3.1 Positive ion production in a gas -- 3.2 The principle of the thermionic cathode ionization gauge -- 3.3 The relative sensitivity for different gases -- 3.4 The measurement of low pressures -- 3.5 Extension of the range of the BA gauge to very low pressures -- 3.6 The precision to which measurements can be made with the hot cathode gauge -- 3.7 Gauges specially designed to operate at high pressure -- 3.8 Chemical and physical reactions in the hot cathode ionization gauge -- References -- 4 Cold-cathode ionization gauges -- 4.1 The development of cold-cathode (crossed-field) gauges -- 4.2 Commercial gauges for high- and ultra-high vacuum applications -- References -- 5 Gauge calibration -- 5.1 Basic considerations -- 5.2 Calibration against the transfer gauge -- 5.3 Comparison with absolute gauges -- 5.4 Series expansion techniques -- 5.5 Dynamic flow techniques -- 5.6 The measurement of gas throughput -- References -- 6 Gas analysis in vacuum systems: magnetic, crossed-field and time-of-flight analysers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The magnetic deflection mass spectrometer -- 6.3 The trochoidal (or cycloidal) mass spectrometer -- 6.4 The omegatron -- 6.5 Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer -- 6.6 Interpretation of mass spectra -- References -- 7 Gas analysis in vacuum systems: quadrupole mass analysers -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Principles of the quadrupole mass filter -- 7.3 Design of small residual gas analysers (RGAs) -- 7.4 The operating characteristics of the RGAs designed for general laboratory and industrial use -- 7.5 The use of electron multipliers for signal detection -- 7.6 Non-conventional methods of quadrupole operation -- 7.7 The monopole mass spectrometer -- 7.8 The three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap -- References.

Abstract: This book deals with the underlying theory and practical aspects of pressure gauges that are at present in general use. Because of the ever-increasing demands to provide a wider range of sophisticated and reliable vacuum equipment a good understanding of these instruments is of vital importance to all workers in the research and industrial sectors. Of the gauges considered only the mechanical types are absolute, in the sense that they measure pressure directly as a force upon a liquid column or a solid surface. Under ideal conditions it is possible to calculate their sensitiv­ ities, which are the same for all gases and vapours. The recent developments in the viscous or molecular damping gauges indicate that these may also be considered absolute. Other gauges are indirect in that they involve the measurement of some secondary phenomenon which is pressure-dependent and therefore these gauges can only be used for measurement after calibration against an absolute standard. The radiometer or Knudsen type gauge has been excluded from the text since these are now only of historic interest. Also no mention is made of the integration techniques involving surface changes (such as work function) although these could have application under very special circumstances. The McLeod gauge is dealt with in some detail, for even though this gauge has few practical applications, it is the most sensitive absolute gauge available and has value as a reference standard.

Abstract: One: Perspectives -- 1. Principles of Fish Culture and Aquaculture Systems -- 2. Principles of Culture Systems Management -- 3. Approaches to People (Using Human Resources) -- 4. Marketing -- 5. Life Cycles and Production Strategies -- 6. Water and Health Management -- 7. Ethics -- Two: Quantitative Approaches -- 8. Production Economics -- 9. Records for Managerial Analyses -- 10. Production System Limits -- 11. Decision-Making Tools -- 12. Computer Assisted Decision Support Systems -- Appendixes -- Appendix I. Manager Attributes and Expectations -- Appendix II. Suggested Steps for Learning to Read People -- Appendix III. Examples of Enterprise Budgets, Cash Flow, and Credit Repayment Schedules -- Appendix IV. Life-Cycle Costing -- Appendix V. Sample Calculation to Determine the Number of Fish that Can be Reared in a Unit (Tank) That Receives 5 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) Water Flow -- Appendix VI. Sample Problems on Production Capacity Assessment (PCA).

Abstract: Although some nations, such as Japan, have invested in aquaculture research and developed major aquaculture industries, the opportunities for similar devel­ opment in the United States remain largely unnoticed. In a typical recent year the United States, which claims 20% of the world's marine fisheries resources, imported seafood worth $4. 8 billion and exported $l. 3 billion. In addition to the $3. 5 billion deficit in food-fish, was another $2. 7 billion deficit for nonedible fishery products. Next to oil, fishery products constituted the second highest drain on the United States balance of payments and accounts for a significant portion of the foreign trade deficit. Furthermore, fish consumption has been increasing in North America. In response to the demand for fishery products, aquaculture managers not only have the opportunity to realize economic profit, but in doing so can make an important contribution to reducing the national debt, providing employment, and enhancing our diet. This book might be considered a farm management text for those in aquaculture. It is intended to provide an introduction to aquaculture principles and an introduction to management, including business and people management, microeconomics, and the concepts of efficiency and productivity. I hope it will bridge the gap between conservationists, the academic community, and commer­ cial culturists. Abundant references should enable the reader to quickly access literature on most topics germane to the management of culture systems.

Abstract: • Gender in Transition: A Brave New World? -- I • Gender in Transition: The Androgynous Zone -- 1 • That Old Black Magic of Femininity: Then and Now -- 2 • From John Wayne to Tootsie: The Masculine Struggle with Psychological Integration -- 3 • Preparation for Fatherhood: Dreams of Transition -- 4 • Gender Stereotypes: A New Egalitarian Couple Emerges -- 5 • New Parents in a Changing World: Existential and Interpersonal Dilemmas -- II • New Reproductive Technologies: From Test Tubes to Surrogates -- 6 • A Psychoanalytic Case Study: Infertility, in Vitro Fertilization, and Countertransference -- 7 • Paternity by Proxy: Artificial Insemination with Donor Sperm -- 8 • Psychological Implications of the Anonymous Pregnancy -- 9 • Who Becomes a Surrogate: Personality Characteristics -- 10 • Contemporary Adoption: A Cooperative Enterprise -- 11 • Artificial Insemination by Donor: Yours, Mine, or Theirs? -- 12 • Infertility and the New Reproductive Technologies: Speculations from a Psychodynamic Perspective -- 13 • Amniocentesis: The Experience of Invasion and the Ambivalence of Foreknowledge -- 14 • Gender Selection and Society -- 15 • Woman’s Shifting Sense of Self: The Impact of Reproductive Technology -- III • The 21st Century: Futuristic Patterns, Concerns, and Issues -- 16 • Divided Loyalties: Ongoing Reactions to Baby M -- 17 • Feminist Tensions: Concepts of Motherhood and Reproductive Choice -- 18 • On Surrogacy: Constructing Social Policy -- 19 • The Terror of Surrogate Motherhood: Fantasies, Realities, and Viable Legislation -- 20 • Lesbian Parenting: A Personal Odyssey -- 21 • Bearing the Unbearable: The Psychological Impact of AIDS -- 22 • Toward a Sense of Immortality: Case Studies of Voluntarily Childless Couples -- 23 • 21st Century: Changing Concepts of Masculinity and Femininity -- Overview • Reflections.

Abstract: The wish for a child runs deep, as does the desire for parenthood. It is a wish that is essential to the continuance of the human species. It derives its motive power from many interrelated sources: psychobiological, sociological, historical. Yet it is a power that is changing hands. A short decade ago, Louise Brown was born. Prior to this event, human beings had begun biological life deep inside a female body. Louise Brown's birth signaled the beginning of a new era: The door to a new biotechnological world was opened, a world of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, embryo transplants, amniocentesis, gender preselection-procedures imagined but never before realized, leading perhaps to the injection of new genetic material into frozen embryos. Indeed, what had been, since Eve, an exclusively female power and prerogative has now been invaded by 20th-century biotechnology. The womb has been replaced, and sperm and egg can now be joined without love and romance. Change brings with it new questions: A complex inquiry has been generated by issues that are psychological, ethical, moral, biological, sociological, and legal. Simultaneously, and not incidentally or accidentally, gender psychology is in transi­ tion. As we enter an androgynous zone, cultural heroes shift, new couples emerge. Gender roles are redefined, and renegotiated, not without struggle and apprehen­ sion. We are approaching a new frontier-hopeful, self-conscious, and anxious. The possibilities are endless, as are the problems.

Abstract: 1 Microcomputer Control -- 2 DC Circuits and Power Supplies -- 3 Operational Amplifiers -- 4 Transistors -- 5 Transducers -- 6 Actuators -- 7 Binary Numbers and Digital Electronics -- 8 Conversion Between Digital and Analog -- 9 Memories -- 10 Binary Arithmetic -- 11 Programming a Microprocessor -- 12 Assembly Language Programming -- 13 The Structure of an Elementary Microcomputer -- 14 Parallel Input/Output and Interrupts -- 15 Serial Input/Output and Modems -- 16 Dynamic Behavior of Systems -- 17 The Computer and Its Sampling Processes -- 18 Field Application of Microcomputer Controllers.

Abstract: Microcomputers are having, and will have in the future, a significant impact on the technology of all fields of engineering. The applications of micro­ computers of various types that are now integrated into engineering include computers and programs for calculations, word processing, and graphics. The focus of this book is on still another objective-that of control. The forms of microcomputers used in control range from small boards dedicated to control a single device to microcomputers that oversee the operation of numerous smaller computers in a building complex or an industrial plant. The most­ dramatic growth in control applications recently has been in the microcom­ puters dedicated to control functions in automobiles, appliances, production machines, farm machines, and almost all devices where intelligent decisions are profitable. Both engineering schools and individual practicing engineers have re­ sponded in the past several years to the dramatic growth in microcomputer control applications in thermal and mechanical systems. Universities have established courses in computer control in such departments of engineering as mechanical, civil, agricultural, chemical and others. Instructors and students in these courses see a clear role in the field that complements that of the com­ puter specialist who usually has an electrical engineering or computer science background. The nonEE or nonCS person should first and foremost be com­ petent in the mechanical or thermal system being controlled. The objectives of extending familiarity into the computer controller are (1) to learn the char­ acteristics, limitations, and capabilit.