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  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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Years
  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513362 , 9783036513355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of future smart grid systems. This book contains eleven chapters, which were originally published after rigorous peer-review as a Special Issue in the International Journal of Energies (Basel). The chapters cover a range of work from authors across the globe and present both the state-of-the-art and emerging paradigms across a range of topics including sustainability planning, regulations and policy, estimation and situational awareness, energy forecasting, control and optimization and decentralisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and scholars working in areas related to future smart grid systems
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511283 , 9783036511290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508085 , 9783036508092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519463 , 9783036519470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Development economics & emerging economies
    Abstract: This Special Issue contains articles include, but not limited to, empirical, analytical, or design-oriented approaches to the following topics: Monitoring of carrying capacity and mechanisms for managing tourist flows in rural areas; Systems and tools to measure the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of rural tourism; Integration between public tourism policies and private strategies in the promotion and implementation of sustainable practices; Policies for promoting public participation in the planning and development of sustainable rural tourism; The impacts of tourism on traditional agricultural activities; Identity enhancement of the territory and its productions; "Good practices" in the implementation of rural tourism sustainability
    Note: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518077 , 9783036518084
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This timely collection of expert papers draws attention to the global burden of meningitis and the challenges faced by the WHO’s roadmap to defeat meningitis by 2030. The three main goals of the meningitis roadmap are to eliminate epidemics of bacterial meningitis, reduce cases and deaths from vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis, and reduce disability and improve quality of life after meningitis of any cause. This book includes a wide range of original research and reviews on epidemiology and vaccination of bacterial meningitis that have direct relevance to advancing the goals of the roadmap
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514444 , 9783036514437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Participation, defined as involvement in life situations, is important for children’s health and development. This Special Issue advances the knowledge about participation interventions and outcomes for children with disabilities in different settings and includes the perspectives of clinicians, families, and children. This is a collection of research from across the globe that advances knowledge in the following areas: - Participation interventions; - Measurement/assessment of participation outcomes; - Participation of special populations (i.e., ABI, ADHD, and ASD); and - Impact of participation on health and well being
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036521954 , 9783036521961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents fourteen state-of-the-art research papers prepared by research scientists and engineers around the world. They explore the subject of scour related to bridge piers, monopiles, propellers, turbines, weirs, dams, grade-control structures, and pipelines. Their works are based on three different research methodologies, namely experimental, numerical, and field approaches
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036526232 , 9783036526225
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Freshwater macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in linking sediments and their processes to the food web. Indeed, environmental modifications (e.g., nitrogen deposition, salinity, and temperature increase), pollution (e.g., pesticides and heavy metals), and introduction of alien species are the main drivers of changes that are affecting their communities. This Special Issue aims to present the past and present knowledge on freshwater macroinvertebrates to understand their role as providers of ecosystem services, to highlight the effects of global changes on their community (in the short and long term), and to underline major gaps in their study. Finally, in order to tackle the currently unsustainable use of freshwater natural capital, we welcome ideas and expert opinions on the development of future research linked to national and international regulations
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520353 , 9783036520360
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb–drug or food–drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514604 , 9783036514598
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (333 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The scope of the contributions to this book will be to present new and original research papers based on MPHIE, MHD, and MDPDE, as well as test statistics based on these estimators from a theoretical and applied point of view in different statistical problems with special emphasis on robustness. Manuscripts given solutions to different statistical problems as model selection criteria based on divergence measures or in statistics for high-dimensional data with divergence measures as loss function are considered. Reviews making emphasis in the most recent state-of-the art in relation to the solution of statistical problems base on divergence measures are also presented
    Note: English
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783036525143 , 9783036525150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The information that comes through digital media and social networks is increasing. This potential access to almost infinite information makes it difficult to select relevant content with a good understanding. It is therefore necessary to generate research that thoroughly analyses the phenomenon of communication and information in the digital age. For this reason, this monograph presents different research studies that highlight the need for greater media literacy and education in order to prevent the existence and dissemination of fake news. Citizens must know how to deal with disinformation and be able to detect the source of bad intentions behind information. Therefore, people need to be aware of the new communication challenges in order to determine what is important, which media they can trust, and where information has been misused or manipulated. In conclusion, society must be prepared to face new challenges related to misinformation. An educated and digitally literate society will be able to face these problems and be prepared to face the new communication challenges, including interaction with social networks, new audiences, new media, fake news, etc
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036525167 , 9783036525174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue covers both the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of marine carotenoids with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities as well as clinical trials conducted in humans. Among the properties of carotenoids discussed in this book, it is worth highlighting the potential of astaxanthin and its precursor metabolite, adonixanthin, since oral administration of these carotenoids has shown beneficial effects on glioblastoma for the first time by suppressing cell proliferation and migration. In addition, astaxanthin has been shown to inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma cell motility and, consequently, cancer progression through the inhibition of cytoskeleton reorganization. In addition, a carotenoid-containing lipid extract of Gloeothece sp. has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in vitro
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036525716 , 9783036525709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (273 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: Cultural landscapes are the result of social-ecological processes that have co-evolved throughout history, shaping high-value sustainable systems. The current processes of global change, such as agricultural intensification, rural abandonment, urban sprawl, and socio-economic dynamics, are threatening cultural landscapes worldwide. Whereas this loss is often unstoppable due to rapid and irreversible social-ecological changes, there are also examples where rationale protection measures can preserve cultural landscapes while promoting the sustainability of social-ecological systems. However, not all conservation policy-making processes consider the value of cultural landscapes, which makes their preservation even more difficult. Indeed, conservation policies focused on the wilderness paradigm are often counterproductive to conserving highly valuable cultural landscapes. The chapters in this book cover a wide spectrum of topics related to the preservation and sustainability of cultural landscapes, using different methodological approaches and involving regions from all over the world. This book can be useful for both researchers and professionals interested in using the socio-ecological framework in their scientific and applied work
    Note: English
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513904 , 9783036513898
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (520 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, we address the state of the art of the systematics of the main annelid groups and the improvements in the diversity they hold, with special emphasis on the latest discoveries in well-studied areas, expeditions to unsurveyed areas or environments, or the use of novel techniques that allow for the improvement of biodiversity knowledge. We are hoping that this Special Issue will provide a platform facilitating a review of current knowledge on the subject, identifying current research problems, as well as indicating directions and research trends for the future
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523941 , 9783036523958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Intelligent optimization is based on the mechanism of computational intelligence to refine a suitable feature model, design an effective optimization algorithm, and then to obtain an optimal or satisfactory solution to a complex problem. Intelligent algorithms are key tools to ensure global optimization quality, fast optimization efficiency and robust optimization performance. Intelligent optimization algorithms have been studied by many researchers, leading to improvements in the performance of algorithms such as the evolutionary algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, differential evolution algorithm, and particle swarm optimization. Studies in this arena have also resulted in breakthroughs in solving complex problems including the green shop scheduling problem, the severe nonlinear problem in one-dimensional geodesic electromagnetic inversion, error and bug finding problem in software, the 0-1 backpack problem, traveler problem, and logistics distribution center siting problem. The editors are confident that this book can open a new avenue for further improvement and discoveries in the area of intelligent algorithms. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in understanding the principles and design of intelligent algorithms
    Note: English
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501703 , 9783036501710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: As healthcare delivery moves from a provider-centric approach to a more patient-centric approach, systems and payers need to reimagine how care and team-based care is delivered to patients and reimbursed. Thus, the goal should be to see the right patient, by the right provider, in the right place, for the right price, and where appropriate, with the use of the right pharmaceutical(s) – “5 P’s”. There continues to be a reduction in physicians that are pursuing primary care roles in the United States, thus exacerbating the ability to meet patient demand. Most patient encounters begin with or end with the prescribing of medication. Thus, a future where pharmacists are embedded in primary care settings allows these pharmacists to collaborate at the point-of-prescribing (i.e., in-clinic) and provides tremendous benefits to providers and patients. The pharmacist workforce is educated at the doctoral level, yet vastly underutilized and can assist in a collaborative approach in primary care. The collection of articles in the Special Issue “Embedded Pharmacists in Primary Care” highlight examples of models that have included pharmacists in the ambulatory setting providing services in chronic disease management, comprehensive medication management, and care of specific conditions such as diabetes
    Note: English
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036525945 , 9783036525952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains
    Note: English
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527796 , 9783036527789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (387 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This book is a collection of original research articles in the field of computer-aided drug design. It reports the use of current and validated computational approaches applied to drug discovery as well as the development of new computational tools to identify new and more potent drugs
    Note: English
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508887 , 9783036508894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: We invite you to read the Special Issue on business models in tourism, in the context of considering the principles of sustainable development. It is a collection of 14 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2019–2021. The dynamic changes taking place in the world economy, social life, and the natural environment force entrepreneurs to change their business models. This also happens in the tourism business. The SARS-COV2 virus pandemic has increased the need for change. It is necessary to offer managers modern management tools that cover the broadest possible scope of integration of the elements of the conducted business activities, at the same time adjusted to the specificity of the market and needs of the natural environment in which the enterprises managed by them operate. This book, formulated in the light of the presented needs, aims to use the concept of business models and sustainability business models in the context of a tourism enterprise adapted to the existing conditions of tourist and spa activities
    Note: English
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514796 , 9783036514802
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book
    Note: English
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9783036517759 , 9783036517766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (362 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects the publications of the special Topic Scientific advances in STEM: from Professor to students. The aim is to contribute to the advancement of the Science and Engineering fields and their impact on the industrial sector, which requires a multidisciplinary approach. University generates and transmits knowledge to serve society. Social demands continuously evolve, mainly because of cultural, scientific, and technological development. Researchers must contextualize the subjects they investigate to their application to the local industry and community organizations, frequently using a multidisciplinary point of view, to enhance the progress in a wide variety of fields (aeronautics, automotive, biomedical, electrical and renewable energy, communications, environmental, electronic components, etc.). Most investigations in the fields of science and engineering require the work of multidisciplinary teams, representing a stockpile of research projects in different stages (final year projects, master’s or doctoral studies). In this context, this Topic offers a framework for integrating interdisciplinary research, drawing together experimental and theoretical contributions in a wide variety of fields
    Note: English
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514451 , 9783036514468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biofiltration is a technology of great interest since the costs of installation and, above all, exploitation costs are much lower than those associated with other technologies based on physical–chemical processes. Nowadays, the use of biofiltration is increasing every day. On the other hand, the physicochemical filtration process is a successful technology in numerous applications in the field of water treatment. This issue of the journal is focused on the treatment of different types of effluents through filtration: Drinking water and wastewater. Different technologies are analysed: Filtration through biochar from agricultural by-products; biological active carbon (BAC); electroadsorption using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent; filtration through sand, anthracite and expanded clay; granular activated carbon (GAC) as part of a tertiary treatment for wastewater reuse
    Note: English
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512860 , 9783036519067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser
    Note: English
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508986 , 9783036508993
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book represents the latest research on microbiota axes, with a special focus on the gut-skin axis and the role of microbial breast bacteria on human health communication. This book also contains discussions of the microorganism-derived products that can directly or indirectly be signals for our organs and systems. Gut dysbiosis, representing a disruption of intestinal integrity, can create aberrant physiological conditions (including immunological disorders, intestinal stress, and anxiety-like behavior), as well as high serum levels of microbial metabolites increasing oxidative stress dysfunctions and generalized inflammation. Much research in this field has been carried out in animal models, and establishing whether those findings translate to humans will be crucial but challenging. On the other hand, several studies conducted on humans have evaluated the link between fecal microbiota composition and quality of life by recruiting thousands of participants. As well as identifying bacterial genera associated with higher quality of life, they carried out metagenomic analyses that indicated that the potential of microorganisms to synthesize certain active metabolites, and especially their interrelation, may also correlate with general wellbeing. It is clear that many axes can influence our lives; the most important include “the gut-brain axis” and the “skin-gut-breast axis”. Together, the studies presented in this book have laid the foundations for a better understanding of the effects of gut microbiota on skin and on our body in general. The mechanisms that underlie them may represent the ideal focus for the initial efforts to explore the relevance of these axes for human wellbeing
    Note: English
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524085 , 9783036524092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries
    Note: English
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  • 26
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527406
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (594 p.)
    Keywords: Economics, finance, business & management
    Abstract: In the current competitive scenario, the banking industry must contend with multiple challenges tied to regulations, legacy systems, disruptive models/technologies, new competitors, and a restive customer base, while simultaneously pursuing new strategies for sustainable growth. Banking institutions that can address these emerging challenges and opportunities to effectively balance long-term goals with short-term performance pressures could be aptly rewarded. This book comprises a selection of papers addressing some of these relevant issues concerning the current challenges and opportunities for international banking institutions. Papers in this collection focus on the digital transformation of the banking industry and its effect on sustainability, the emergence of new competitors such as FinTech companies, the role of mobile banking in the industry, the connections between sustainability and financial performance, and other general sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) topics related to the banking industry. The book is a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Sustainability, which has been sponsored by the Santander Financial Institute (SANFI), a Spanish research and training institution created as a collaboration between Santander Bank and the University of Cantabria. SANFI works to identify, develop, support, and promote knowledge, study, talent, and innovation in the financial sector
    Note: English
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  • 27
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036522173 , 9783036522180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications
    Note: English
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  • 28
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520810 , 9783036520827
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Textiles are commonly constituted of natural and synthetic fibers for normal applications. To impart functional or aesthetic effects on the textiles, the surface characteristics in the fiber play an important role. Therefore, surface treatment or modification is a possible way to provide value-added properties to textiles. The textile material/fiber surface can be treated or modified physically and/or chemically to achieve different desired effects. This book will provide an open forum to draw the attention of academic researchers and industrial experts to looking into different aspects of the surface treatment of textiles
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  • 29
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517346 , 9783036517339
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This book aims to convey the most recent progress in hardware-driven neuromorphic systems based on semiconductor memory technologies. Machine learning systems and various types of artificial neural networks to realize the learning process have mainly focused on software technologies. Tremendous advances have been made, particularly in the area of data inference and recognition, in which humans have great superiority compared to conventional computers. In order to more effectively mimic our way of thinking in a further hardware sense, more synapse-like components in terms of integration density, completeness in realizing biological synaptic behaviors, and most importantly, energy-efficient operation capability, should be prepared. For higher resemblance with the biological nervous system, future developments ought to take power consumption into account and foster revolutions at the device level, which can be realized by memory technologies. This book consists of seven articles in which most recent research findings on neuromorphic systems are reported in the highlights of various memory devices and architectures. Synaptic devices and their behaviors, many-core neuromorphic platforms in close relation with memory, novel materials enabling the low-power synaptic operations based on memory devices are studied, along with evaluations and applications. Some of them can be practically realized due to high Si processing and structure compatibility with contemporary semiconductor memory technologies in production, which provides perspectives of neuromorphic chips for mass production
    Note: English
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  • 30
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036522371 , 9783036522388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book brings together works submitted to the 5th International Congress of CiiEM, which were selected for publication, in areas as diverse as Microbiology, Public Health, Forensic Sciences, Psychology, Dentistry, Sociology, Biomaterials, Biology, Nursing, Nutrition Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiotherapy, Psychology, Social Sciences and Medicine. The congress was focused on Reducing Inequalities in Health and Society, and the works gathered here reflect the diversity and interdisciplinarity that characterized this scientific meeting
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  • 31
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508023 , 9783036508030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: The celebrated information bottleneck (IB) principle of Tishby et al. has recently enjoyed renewed attention due to its application in the area of deep learning. This collection investigates the IB principle in this new context. The individual chapters in this collection: • provide novel insights into the functional properties of the IB; • discuss the IB principle (and its derivates) as an objective for training multi-layer machine learning structures such as neural networks and decision trees; and • offer a new perspective on neural network learning via the lens of the IB framework. Our collection thus contributes to a better understanding of the IB principle specifically for deep learning and, more generally, of information–theoretic cost functions in machine learning. This paves the way toward explainable artificial intelligence
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  • 32
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438013 , 9783039438020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics
    Note: English
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  • 33
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036515724 , 9783036515717
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using Mosses as Biomonitors” includes a collection of papers related on aspects of passive moss biomonitoring of air quality in various regions of the world regarding the pollution sources of potentially toxic elements, heavy metal air pollution in the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in element atmospheric deposition, and relevance for ecological integrity and human health. Most of the studies were carried out in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
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  • 34
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518206 , 9783036518190
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Cancer remains one of the most significant threats to human health and one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, making it crucial to develop new drugs. Over the last few decades, natural products have become one of the key drivers in the development of innovative cancer treatments. Despite drug development from terrestrial resources, the marine environment only recently emerged as a prolific source of unparalleled structurally active metabolites. Due to their excellent scaffold diversity, structural complexity, and ability to act on multiple cell signaling networks involved in carcinogenesis, marine natural products (MNPs) are ideal candidates to inspire the development of novel anticancer medicines. This book gathers nine publications of the Special Issue "Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents," providing an excellent overview of the chemical richness offered by marine organisms, such as sponges, myxobacteria, fungi, and soft corals. MNPs or derived products belong to distinct chemical classes, including terpenoids, alkaloids, cyclodepsipeptides, polyketides, and hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives. These compounds modulate cancer cell mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo models, exhibiting high specificity and great affinity to interact with biological targets linked to specific intracellular signaling pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and invasion. This volume provides an exciting overview of marine natural products as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
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  • 35
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036515557 , 9783036515564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Modern engineering practice requires advanced numerical modeling because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Thus far, different methods have been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular uses have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this Special Issue has been to familiarize the reader with the latest applications of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of diverse mechanical problems. Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the Special Issue
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783036522036 , 9783036522043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: During the third decade of the 21st century, human societies across the world are facing significant water-related problems, such as ecosystem degradation, groundwater depletion, natural and anthropogenic droughts and floods, water-borne health issues, and deforestation. These problems are exacerbated by climate change, a phenomenon that has been accelerated due to human intervention in natural systems since the industrial revolution. There is an urgent need to better understand the interaction of hydrological systems in terms of climate variability and the anthropogenic factors that contribute to the dynamics and resilience of coupled human–water systems and effective risk management in the area of water resource management. Socio-hydrology is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural and social sciences and aims to study the long-term dynamics of bidirectional feedback in coupled human–water systems. This book on socio-hydrology aims to compile cross-disciplinary scientific endeavors and innovations in research on the development, education, and application of coupled human–water systems. The articles published in this book represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the context of socio-hydrology systems around the globe. The articles and ideas presented in this book represent a significant source of references for interdisciplinary water science programs and provide an excellent guide for experts involved in the future planning and management of water resources. This book is dedicated to friends of the Green Water-Infrastructure Academy and those who pursue cross-disciplinary water research, education, and management
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9783036526201 , 9783036526218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book
    Note: English
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  • 38
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512389 , 9783036512396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention
    Note: English
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  • 39
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524627 , 9783036524634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
    Note: English
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  • 40
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036505947 , 9783036505954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: Foamy viruses, currently referred to as spumaretroviruses, are the most ancient retroviruses as evidenced by traces of viral sequences dispersed in all vertebrate classes from fish to mammals. Additionally, infectious foamy viruses circulate in a variety of mammalian species including simian, bovine, equine, caprine, and feline. Foamy viruses have many unique features which led to the division of the retrovirus family into two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. In vitro, foamy viruses have a broad host range and in vivo, human infections have been described due to cross-species transmission from infected nonhuman primates. Thus far, there are no reports of virus-induced disease in humans or in the natural host species. These unique properties of foamy viruses have led researchers to develop foamy viruses as gene therapy vectors to study virus–virus and virus–host interactions for identifying factors involved in virus replication, transmission, and immune regulation that could influence potential clinical outcomes in humans as well as for using endogenous foamy virus sequences in the analysis of host species evolution
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  • 41
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036521978 , 9783036521985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book celebrates the 80 years of the Professor Eugene P. Wigner paper “On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group", published in The Annals of Mathematics in 1939. We have collected several contributions divided into Research articles and Reviews. All contributions are technical, but the papers also bring a health element of didactic. Practitioners from several areas, from Gravity to Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics, as well as students, shall find a rich material in this Volume
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  • 42
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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  • 43
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036521343 , 9783036521336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book covers recent trends in all aspects of basic and applied scientific research on marine skeletal proteins and biopolymers (e.g., chitin, collagen), and their derivatives. Some recent innovations of marine proteins have been incorporated in this book that could be potentially applied in scientific and industrial research. Due to their broad array of biological functions in biopolymer- and protein-based drugs, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, bone tissue regeneration, antioxidant, and anti-aging functions, bioactive skeletal proteins and biopolymers have recently attracted a great amount of interest in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries (including anti-aging drugs)
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  • 44
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036507989 , 9783036507996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties
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  • 45
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508269 , 9783036508276
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Some social issues and practices have become dangerous areas for academics to research and write about. ‘Academic freedom’ is increasingly constrained, not just by long established ‘normal’ factors (territoriality, power differentials, competition, protectionism), but also by the increased significance of social media and the rise of identity politics (and activists who treat work which challenges their world view as abusive hate-speech). So extreme are these pressures that some institutions and even statutory bodies now adopt policies and practices which contravene relevant regulations and laws. This book seeks to draw attention to the limiting and damaging effects of academic ‘gagging’. The book, drawn from a special edition of Societies, offers an eclectic series of international articles which may annoy some people. The book challenges taken for granted mainstream assumptions and practices in a number of areas, including gender mainstreaming, social work education, child sexual abuse, the ethnic disaggregation of population groups, fatherhood and masculinity, the erosion of democratic legitimacy, the trap of victimhood and vulnerability, employment practices in universities, and the challenges presented by the widespread and deliberate suppression of scholarship and research. In an analytic postscript Laurent Dubreuil discusses the nature of identity politics and the manner in which its effects can be identified across the many topics covered in these challenging articles
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  • 46
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501529 , 9783036501536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach
    Note: English
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  • 47
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511023 , 9783036511030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
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  • 48
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036522920 , 9783036522913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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  • 49
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517162 , 9783036517155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (345 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: National governments hardly identify their ecological networks or make an effort to integrate them into their spatial policies and plans. Under this perspective, an important scientific and technical issue is to focus on preserving corridors for enabling species mobility and on achieving connectivity between natural protected areas. This Special Issue takes a step forward insofar as it aims at proposing a theoretical and methodological discussion on the definition and implementation of ecological networks that provide a wide range of ecosystem services
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  • 50
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512112 , 9783036512105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed
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  • 51
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036505527 , 9783036505534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world
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  • 52
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036509686 , 9783036509693
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes
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  • 53
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036526133 , 9783036526126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments
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  • 54
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510828 , 9783036510835
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field
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  • 55
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517582 , 9783036517575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book brings together the papers published in the Special Issue "Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in Noctuid pests" in the journal Insects in 2021. It contains 10 articles that are either original results or reviews. The focus is on insects of the noctuid family, as they are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow these insects to become resistant to insecticides is essential for the implementation of sustainable control methods and resistance management strategies
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  • 56
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036526263 , 9783036526270
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: When it comes to dealing with high voltages or issues of high electric currents, infrastructure security and people’s safety are of paramount importance. These kinds of phenomena have dangerous consequences, therefore studies concerning the effects of lightning are crucial. The normal operation of transmission and distribution systems is greatly affected by lightning, which is one of the major causes of power interruptions: direct or nearby indirect strikes can cause flashovers in overhead transmission and distribution lines, resulting in over voltages on the line conductors. Contributions to this Special Issue have mainly focused on modelling lightning activity, investigating physical causes, and discussing and testing mathematical models for the electromagnetic fields associated with lighting phenomena. In this framework, two main topics have emerged: 1) the interaction between lightning phenomena and electrical infrastructures, such as wind turbines and overhead lines; and 2) the computation of lightning electromagnetic fields in the case of particular configuration, considering a negatively charged artificial thunderstorm or considering a complex terrain with arbitrary topography
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9783036518596 , 9783036518602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book contains the contributions of the Special Issue entitled "Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy". The Special Issue was based on the successful first edition of the "Workshop on Agents and Robots for reliable Engineered Autonomy" (AREA 2020), co-located with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). The aim was to bring together researchers from autonomous agents, as well as software engineering and robotics communities, as combining knowledge from these three research areas may lead to innovative approaches that solve complex problems related to the verification and validation of autonomous robotic systems
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  • 58
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    ISBN: 9783036521886 , 9783036521879
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue is intended as a platform for interactive material science articles with an emphasis on the preparation, functionalization chemistry, and characterization of nanocarbon compounds, as well as all aspects of physical properties of functionalized, conjugated, or hybrid nanocarbon materials, and their associated applications. Some recent advances in the field are here collected, providing new ideas for discussion of researchers working in this multidisciplinary scenario
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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  • 60
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    ISBN: 9783036504544 , 9783036504551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: undefined
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  • 61
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    ISBN: 9783036512037 , 9783036512020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The foundations of sports cardiology include promoting physical activity and providing a safe environment for training and competition for all athletes at all levels, from professional to recreational. To combine these two aims, reliable tools to perform preparticipation screenings are needed. Moreover, those at high risk of potentially life-threatening events should be advised to limit their training load, while others should be reassured that there is no exercise-related cardiovascular risk. We are currently witnessing the advent of new portable devices for remote and mobile heart monitoring and several new and promising biochemical markers, which can support athletes’ diagnostic processes. In this Special Issue of the Diagnostics journal entitled “Diagnostic Challenges in Sports Cardiology”, we present a series of 13 manuscripts, including eight original works, three reviews, and two case reports, which give a glimpse into the current research topics in the area of sports cardiology
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  • 62
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    ISBN: 9783036524528 , 9783036524535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The innovative coating and surface hardening technologies developed in recent years allow us to obtain practically any physical–mechanical or crystal–chemical complex properties of the metalworking tool surface layer. Today, the scientific approach to improving the operational characteristics of the tool surface layers produced from traditional tools industrial materials is a highly costly and long-lasting process. Different technological techniques, such as coatings (physical and chemical methods), surface hardening and alloying (chemical-thermal treatment, implantation), a combination of the listed methods, and other solutions are used for this. This edition aims to provide a review of the current state of the research and developments in the field of coatings and surface hardening technologies for cutting and die tools that can ensure a substantial increase of the work resource and reliability of the tool, an increase in productivity of machining, accuracy, and quality of the machined products, reduction in the material capacity of the production, and other important manufacturing factors. In doing so, the main emphasis should be on the results of the engineering works that have had a prosperous approbation in a laboratory or real manufacturing conditions
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9783036518169 , 9783036518152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (539 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc
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  • 64
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    ISBN: 9783036504421
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Chirality, or handedness, is a fundamental physical characteristic, which spans the length scales ranging from elementary particles to the chiral asymmetry of spiral galaxies. The way in which chirality in chemistry, or molecular handedness, may have emerged in a primitive terrestrial environment, and how it can be triggered, amplified, and transferred, are deeply challenging problems rooted in both fundamental scientific interests and the technological potentials for science and society. Chirality constitutes a unifying feature of the living world and is a prime driving force for molecular selection and genetic evolution in biology. In this book, we offer a selection of five distinct approaches to this problem by leading experts in the field. The selected topics range from protein chirality and its relevance to protein ageing, protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, entropy production associated with chiral symmetry breaking in closed systems, chiral oscillations in polymerization models involving higher-order oligomers, the mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and its implications for the development of homochirality in abiogenesis, the role of chirality in the chemical sciences, and some philosophical implications of chirality
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  • 65
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    ISBN: 9783036512051 , 9783036512044
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information
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  • 66
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    ISBN: 9783036505282 , 9783036505299
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Evolved in a huge number of different materials and structures, nature represents a great inspiration for scientists and researchers, which continuously focuses attention on the development of novel approaches and functional biomaterials to mimic the complex architectures and functions of the human body. Bioinspired engineering is considered today as a valuable tool for the design of clinically relevant materials and structures for regenerative sciences and, in this direction, many progresses have been recently made by the scientific research in the biomedical field. This book aims at collecting some recent works addressed to the definition of novel bioinspired approaches in bioengineering and biotechnology, presenting interesting scientific results and a comprehensive overview of attracting materials in research papers and review articles
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  • 67
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    ISBN: 9783036525020 , 9783036525037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The practice of regular physical activity has been proposed as a determinant in many disciplines, from wellness to physiotherapy; in fact, it reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, physical exercise decreases the incidence of some types of cancer, such as breast and colon cancer. Finally, rehabilitation protocols need correct exercise training to reach the complete “return to play” of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity are still under study. Therefore, advances in all aspects of sport and exercise medicine will be relevant for physicians, recreational sport practitioners and elite athletes. This was the aim of this Special Issue, “New trends in sport and exercise medicine”, which achieved great success. Sixteen papers have been published, which are briefly described below. They range from mobile applications in physiotherapy to changes in bioactive lipids in half-marathoners. However, sport and exercise medicine are broad subjects and require more papers to clarify their different aspects. Therefore, we proposed a new Special Issue to continue on this path and gain new insights into sport and exercise medicine
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9783036522951 , 9783036522968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings
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  • 69
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    ISBN: 9783036525181 , 9783036525198
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Intramolecular hydrogen bonding 2021
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wasserstoffbrückenbindung ; Strukturaufklärung ; Spektroskopie ; Röntgenstreuung ; Neutronenstreuung ; Magnetische Kernresonanz ; Molekülmodell
    Abstract: This book describes the results of both theoretical and experimental research on many topical issues in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Its great advantage is that the presented research results have been obtained using many different techniques. Therefore, it is an excellent review of these methods, while showing their applicability to the current scientific issues regarding intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The experimental techniques used include X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (NQR), incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solvatochromic and luminescent studies are also described. On the other hand, theoretical research is based on ab initio calculations and the Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CPMD). In the latter case, a description of nuclear quantum effects (NQE) is also possible. This book also demonstrates the use of theoretical methods such as Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Non-Covalent Interactions (NCI) index, Molecular Tailoring Approach (MTA), and many others
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9783036501024 , 9783036501031
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Immunotherapy has become a viable treatment modality for a variety of cancers (and referred to as Science Magazine’s “Breakthrough of the Year” in 2013, as well as ASCO’s “Advance of the Year” in both 2016 and 2017). This Special Issue is focused on the relevance of immunobiology in brain tumors, touching on elements of immune suppression, immune stimulation, and the immune microenvironment, with culminations in translational immunotherapy
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9783036508801 , 9783036508818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Recent Advancements in Metallic Glasses” presents ten original papers, considering both scientific and application issues related to metallic glasses. The papers are devoted to general consideration of the formation and defects of the glassy structure, defect evolution due to heat treatment, deformation behavior upon compression and high-pressure torsion, amorphous-crystalline transformation, hydrogenation behavior, and biomedical applications
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9783036518978 , 9783036518961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Abstract: It is known today that more than 61% of human pathogens are zoonotic, representing 75% of all emerging pathogens during the past decade, presenting an increasing a matter of concern, particularly in modern days where global warming keeps is causing climatic conditions conducive to the introduction of exotic infectious agents or disease vectors in new territories. This book compiles studies that approach a myriad of zoonotic infectious diseases and their complex mechanisms. This is a brief but in-depth collection that showcases the need to address health at the animal–human–environment interface, in a One Health perspective
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  • 73
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    ISBN: 9783036503301 , 9783036503318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue is result of a call for papers of the Section Industrial Crystallization of MDPI’s scientific journal Crystals. It addresses scientists and engineers active in research and process & product development in life-science industries (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and biotechnology products) and bulk chemical applications (e.g. desalination) as well. The contributions comprise several fundamental and application-oriented facets of crystallization providing an overview of industrially relevant subjects in the field. Main issues cover phase equilibria and solid-state behavior of crystalline compounds, crystal shape and size and related measurement techniques. Melt and solution crystallization are considered specifically addressing contemporary aspects of continuous crystallization and process intensification
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  • 74
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    ISBN: 9783036505824 , 9783036505831
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage. Assessing, as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This book contains 13 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services”. The book addresses topics such as nature-based solutions, green space planning, green infrastructure, rain gardens, climate change, and more. The contributions highlight new findings for landscape architects, urban planners, and policymakers. Important future cities research is considered by looking at the system connectivity between the social and ecological sphere—via varying forms of urban planning, management, and governance. The book is supported by methods and models that utilize an urban sustainability and ecosystem service-centric focus by adding knowledge-base and real-world solutions into the urbanization phenomenon
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  • 75
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    ISBN: 9783036518046 , 9783036518039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components
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    ISBN: 9783036527420 , 9783036527437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This theme issue is to celebrate Professor Robert Verpoorte’s 75th birthday. Prof. Verpoorte has been working in Leiden University over 40 years. There is no need to dwell upon the contributions of Dr. Verpoorte to plant-derived natural products research during his whole life. Dr. Verpoorte was a highly productive scientist throughout his academic career, with over 800 scientific publications in the form of research papers, books, and book chapters. His research interests are very diverse, cover- ing numerous topics related to plant-based natural products such as plant cell biotech- nology, biosynthesis, metabolomics, genetic engineering, and green technology, as well as the isolation of new biologically active compounds. He has left indelible footprints in all these fields, and he is widely recognised as a pioneer in the work of the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids, NMR-based metabolomics, and green technology in natural products production. As close friends and colleagues who have been in nearly daily contact with him over the last 20 years viewing all of these remarkable scientific contributions, we felt compelled to recognize this by the publication of a Special Issue of this journal dedicated to him.Thus, this Special Issue has now finally been released with the help of many of his colleagues and former students as a token of our gratitude to his impressive work.The Special Issue covers five main natural products topics: (1) chemical profiling and metabolomics, (2) separation/isolation and identification of plant specialized metabolites, (3) pharmacognosy of natural products to identify bioactive molecules from natural prod- ucts, (4) novel formulation of natural products, and (5) overview of natural products as a source of bioactive molecules
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  • 77
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    ISBN: 9783036508221 , 9783036508238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering
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    ISBN: 9783036522678 , 9783036522685
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book
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    ISBN: 9783036503288 , 9783036503295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: One of the highest priorities for human societies in the 21st century, under the challenges of predicted great environmental changes, is to conserve all kinds of biodiversity across the planet. Among all the biota that exist on Earth, forest ecosystems demonstrate a high degree of biodiversity, being thought to comprise the most diverse ecosystems, as most of the terrestrial species in the world dwell in these ecosystems. Forest biodiversity is interlinked to a web of socio-economic factors, providing an array of goods and services that range from timber and non-timber forest resources to mitigating climate change and conservation of genetic resources; therefore, it is innately linked to ecosystems and human well-being. However, in recent decades, the decrease in forest biodiversity has been a crucial and ongoing environmental issue that needs special attention and adapted ecosystem management. This Special Issue book on forest biodiversity (FB) includes a selected number of research works from all over the world dealing with emerging issues, for understanding FB and its needs for conservation, ecological processes, disturbances, climate change and ecosystems resilience, structural complexity and ecosystem functions, ecological theories and silvicultural practices, and ecosystems stability. More specifically, it includes papers focused on the indicators and methods for assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity, evaluation of practices, planting and silvicultural treatments, and management and monitoring methods, with an overall goal to provide new insights on forest biodiversity conservation, conservation of forest biodiversity in protected areas, treatments of endangered or threatened forest habitats, and sustainable management of forest resources
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    ISBN: 9783036505480 , 9783036505497
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Leaching is a primary extractive operation in hydrometallurgical processing, by which a metal of interest is transferred from naturally occurring minerals into an aqueous solution. In essence, it involves the selective dissolution of valuable minerals, where the ore, concentrate, or matte is brought into contact with an active chemical solution known as a leach solution. Currently, the hydrometallurgical processes have a great number of applications, not only in the mining sector—in particular, for the recovery of precious metals—but also in the environmental sector, for the recovery of toxic metals from wastes of various types, and their reuse as valuable metals, after purification. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop novel solutions, to implement environmentally sustainable practices in the recovery of these valuable and precious metals, with particular reference to critical metals; those included in materials that are indispensable to modern life and for which an exponential increase in consumption is already a reality, or will be in a short-term perspective. For publication in this Special Issue, consideration has been given to articles that contribute to the optimization of the kinetic conditions of innovative hydrometallurgical processes—economic and of low environmental impact—applied to the recovery of valuable and critical metals
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    ISBN: 9783036522814 , 9783036522821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9783036513034 , 9783036513041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The effective and efficient application of PPP in agriculture is a very complex task, involving a lot of aspects ranging from active substance properties to climatic conditions, from target structure to equipment features, from operator awareness to the reference legislative framework. Some of these aspects have been treated in the six papers collected in this Special Issue on “Pesticide Applications in Agricultural Systems”
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    ISBN: 9783036507064 , 9783036507071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Increased consumer awareness of the effects of food in preventing nutrient-related diseases and maintaining physical and mental well-being has made nutritional improvement an important goal for the food and beverage industry, including the cereal sector. The Book “Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages” collects research articles aimed at exploring innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages; an old—if not ancient—group of products which are still on our table every day. The main directions of research aimed at nutritional improvement have to face either excess or deficiency in the diet. To this end, different strategies may be adopted, such as the reformulation of products, the introduction of functional ingredients, and the application of biotechnologies to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. These interventions, however, can alter the physico-chemical and sensory properties of final products, making it necessary to achieve a balance between nutritional and quality modification. This book offers readers information on innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages, useful for researchers and for industry operators
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  • 84
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    ISBN: 9783036522050 , 9783036522067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The phenomenon of soil–structure interactions in marine environments has attracted great attention from coastal geotechnical engineers in recent years. One of the reasons for the growing interest is the rapid development of marine resources (such as in the oil and gas industry, marine renewable energy, and fish farming industry) as well as the damage to marine infrastructure that has occurred in the last two decades. To assist practical engineers in the design and planning of coastal geotechnical projects, a better understanding of the mechanisms of soil–structure interactions in marine environments is desired. This Special Issue reports the recent advances in the problems of structure–seabed interactions in marine environment and provides practical engineers and researchers with information on recent developments in this field
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    ISBN: 9783036508962 , 9783036508979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511221 , 9783036511238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Currently, the modelling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems is an open and challenging field of investigation in both industry and academia. The book encompasses the kinematic and dynamic modelling, analysis, design, and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with the scope of improving their performance, as well as simulating and testing novel devices and control architectures. A broad range of disciplines and topics are included, such as robotic manipulation, mobile systems, cable-driven robots, wearable and rehabilitation devices, variable stiffness safety-oriented mechanisms, optimization of robot performance, and energy-saving systems
    Note: English
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511467 , 9783036511474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Although the design and management of manufacturing systems have been explored in the literature for many years now, they still remain topical problems in the current scientific research. The changing market trends, globalization, the constant pressure to reduce production costs, and technical and technological progress make it necessary to search for new manufacturing methods and ways of organizing them, and to modify manufacturing system design paradigms. This book presents current research in different areas connected with the design and management of manufacturing systems and covers such subject areas as: methods supporting the design of manufacturing systems, methods of improving maintenance processes in companies, the design and improvement of manufacturing processes, the control of production processes in modern manufacturing systems production methods and techniques used in modern manufacturing systems and environmental aspects of production and their impact on the design and management of manufacturing systems. The wide range of research findings reported in this book confirms that the design of manufacturing systems is a complex problem and that the achievement of goals set for modern manufacturing systems requires interdisciplinary knowledge and the simultaneous design of the product, process and system, as well as the knowledge of modern manufacturing and organizational methods and techniques
    Note: English
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9783036514871 , 9783036514888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (474 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Sustainable industrial engineering addresses the sustainability issue from economic, environmental, and social points of view. Its application fields are the whole value chain and lifecycle of products/services, from the development to the end-of-life stages. This book aims to address many of the challenges faced by industrial organizations and supply chains to become more sustainable through reinventing their processes and practices, by continuously incorporating sustainability guidelines and practices in their decisions, such as circular economy, collaboration with suppliers and customers, using information technologies and systems, tracking their products’ life-cycle, using optimization methods to reduce resource use, and to apply new management paradigms to help mitigate many of the wastes that exist across organizations and supply chains. This book will be of interest to the fast-growing body of academics studying and researching sustainability, as well as to industry managers involved in sustainability management
    Note: English
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510484 , 9783036510491
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Fault diagnosis has always been a concern for industry. In general, diagnosis in complex systems requires the acquisition of information from sensors and the processing and extracting of required features for the classification or identification of faults. Therefore, fault diagnosis of sensors is clearly important as faulty information from a sensor may lead to misleading conclusions about the whole system. As engineering systems grow in size and complexity, it becomes more and more important to diagnose faulty behavior before it can lead to total failure. In the light of above issues, this book is dedicated to trends and applications in modern-sensor fault diagnosis
    Note: English
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518220 , 9783036518213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In spite of the large volume of associated research, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) onset and recurrence remain uncertain. This may explain why the performances of thromboembolic and bleeding prediction scores in AF patients are limited. In the past few years, the concept of atrial cardiopathy has emerged as a promising lead to connect AF to stroke, heart failure, and inflammatory processes: indeed, all of the mechanisms associated with atrial remodeling and the development of atrial cardiopathy are also likely to promote the development of AF. This recent concept of atrial cardiopathy suggests that the real trigger of stroke may be an abnormal atrial substrate rather than atrial rhythm itself. In this setting, AF could be seen as a symptom of atrial cardiopathy rather than a risk factor of stroke. In the absence of validated clinical markers of atrial cardiopathy, the search for the mechanism of AF remains the cornerstone of cardioembolic stroke prevention for now.The aim of this Special Issue is to gather basic research as well as pathophysiological and epidemiological papers focused on the relationship between atrial substrates and atrial fibrillation onset, recurrence, and outcomes
    Note: English
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9783036521633 , 9783036521640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a frontier research area involving application of many disciplines, from outdoor to indoor communications, security, drug detection, biometrics, food quality control, agriculture, medicine, semiconductors, and air pollution. THz research is highly demanding in term of sources with high power and time resolution, detectors, and new spectrometer systems. Many open questions still exist regarding working at THz frequencies; many materials exhibit unusual or exotic properties in the THz domain, and researchers need new methodologies to exploit these opportunities. This book contains original papers dealing with emerging applications, new devices, sources and detectors, and materials with advanced properties for applications in biomedicine, cultural heritage, technology, and space
    Note: English
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519920 , 9783036519937
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Several of the 17 papers in this volume represent diverse strategies for improving sustainability in crop production systems. The maintenance of soil quality and the reclamation of marginal soils, improving tolerance to saline irrigation water, biodegradable alternatives to black plastic mulch, use of natural plant extracts against bacterial disease, and development of cultivars resistant to herbivorous arthropods address urgent priorities in sustainable systems. Two papers examine the driving forces and effects of adopting innovative agricultural technologies in food value chains in underdeveloped regions of the world, and identification of new Asian vegetable crop species for European environments and markets. Three papers reported on managing fruit set and ripening in important fruit crop species like orange, apple, and plum. Postharvest techniques to reduce disease and maintain fruit nutraceutical content were reported in separate papers. Classification techniques, conservation and utilization of unique plant species, and in vitro propagation techniques of species with potential horticultural value were described in four papers
    Note: English
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523484 , 9783036523477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (454 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise worldwide. Paradoxically, despite an increasingly obesogenic environment, particularly in Western societies, undernutrition is also extremely common. The application of novel, sophisticated techniques, particularly related to imaging and molecular biology, has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms controlling appetite and energy intake. This has led to a redefinition of many concepts, including the relative importance of central versus peripheral mechanisms, recognising that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly gut hormones, plays a critical role. Given the major advance in knowledge in the field, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the GI mechanisms underlying the regulation of appetite and energy intake, as a series of definitive reviews by international authorities. The reviews address gut-related mechanisms, including nutrient sensing, gut hormones and GI motility, gut-brain communication, including the roles of the vagus and the modulation of reward perception, the roles of diet and the microbiota, as well as the abnormalities associated with eating disorders, specifically obesity and anorexia of ageing, and the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. The reviews cover both preclinical research and studies in humans, and are complemented by a number of important original papers
    Note: English
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508764 , 9783036508771
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The increasing demand of processing a higher number of applications and related data on computing platforms has resulted in reliance on multi-/many-core chips as they facilitate parallel processing. However, there is a desire for these platforms to be energy-efficient and reliable, and they need to perform secure computations for the interest of the whole community. This book provides perspectives on the aforementioned aspects from leading researchers in terms of state-of-the-art contributions and upcoming trends
    Note: English
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514284 , 9783036514277
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is a collection of recent developments, methodologies, calibration and validation techniques, and applications of thermal remote sensing data and derived products from UAV-based, aerial, and satellite remote sensing. A set of 15 papers written by a total of 70 authors was selected for this book. The published papers cover a wide range of topics, which can be classified in five groups: algorithms, calibration and validation techniques, improvements in long-term consistency in satellite LST, downscaling of LST, and LST applications and land surface emissivity research
    Note: English
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036507927 , 9783036507934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: With the increase in data processing and storage capacity, a large amount of data is available. Data without analysis does not have much value. Thus, the demand for data analysis is increasing daily, and the consequence is the appearance of a large number of jobs and published articles. Data science has emerged as a multidisciplinary field to support data-driven activities, integrating and developing ideas, methods, and processes to extract information from data. This includes methods built from different knowledge areas: Statistics, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, Information Science, and Engineering. This mixture of areas has given rise to what we call Data Science. New solutions to the new problems are reproducing rapidly to generate large volumes of data. Current and future challenges require greater care in creating new solutions that satisfy the rationality for each type of problem. Labels such as Big Data, Data Science, Machine Learning, Statistical Learning, and Artificial Intelligence are demanding more sophistication in the foundations and how they are being applied. This point highlights the importance of building the foundations of Data Science. This book is dedicated to solutions and discussions of measuring uncertainties in data analysis problems
    Note: English
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036509020 , 9783036509037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biopolymers including natural (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, gums, natural rubbers, bacterial polymers), synthetic (e.g., aliphatic polyesters and polyphosphoester), and biocomposites are of paramount interest in regenerative medicine, due to their availability, processability, and low toxicity. Moreover, the structuration of biopolymer-based materials at the nano- and microscale along with their chemical properties are crucial in the engineering of advanced carriers for drug products. Finally, combination products including or based on biopolymers for controlled drug release offer a powerful solution to improve the tissue integration and biological response of these materials. Understanding the drug delivery mechanisms, efficiency, and toxicity of such systems may be useful for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical technology. The main aim of the Special Issue on “Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine” is to gather recent findings and current advances on biopolymer research for biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug delivery. Contributions to this issue can be as original research or review articles and may cover all aspects of biopolymer research, ranging from the chemical synthesis and characterization of modified biopolymers, their processing in different morphologies and hierarchical structures, as well as their assessment for biomedical uses
    Note: English
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527031 , 9783036527024
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies
    Note: English
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036506968 , 9783036506975
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Recent industrial criteria increasingly require the production of multi-material components. However, the manufacturing requirements of these components are not met by conventional welding techniques. Alternative solid-state technologies, such as impact-based processes, must be considered. The impact welding family is composed of several processes, such as explosion welding, magnetic pulse welding, vaporizing foil actuator welding, and laser impact welding. These processes present very different length scales, providing the impact welding family with a broad applicability range. A sample of the cutting-edge research that is being conducted on the multidisciplinary field of impact welding is presented in this book
    Note: English
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512259 , 9783036512242
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Biography & True Stories
    Abstract: Ten years have passed since the nuclear accident occurred in Fukushima, Japan, following the Great East Japan earthquake. Thereafter, many people around the world have been concerned about the risks posed by radiation. They still believe that even a small amount of radiation exposure will affect human health. In reality, however, there are many natural radionuclides in the environment, which emit a variety of types of radiation. Although it is well known that there is a positively linear relationship between acute radiation exposure and cancer risk in atomic bomb survivors, the risk of chronic radiation exposure due to natural radionuclides cannot be well explained to people who have lived in high-background radiation areas for many generations. Therefore, more studies in this research field are required to obtain new scientific findings. In order to promote further scientific activities, it will be the best for us to understand the current status of this field by summarizing what we have apprehended so far. This Special Issue will highlight measurement data, methodologies, radiation biology, and risk assessment related to radiation
    Note: English
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