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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
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  • English  (2,083)
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
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  • English  (2,083)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Hydrologic Forecasts and Water Resources Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516806 , 9783036516790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; water resources management ; landslide ; dammed lake ; flood risk ; time-varying parameter ; GR4J model ; changing environments ; temporal transferability ; western China ; cascade hydropower reservoirs ; multi-objective optimization ; TOPSIS ; gravitational search algorithm ; opposition learning ; partial mutation ; elastic-ball modification ; Snowmelt Runoff Model ; parameter uncertainty ; data-scarce deglaciating river basin ; climate change impacts ; generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation ; Yangtze River ; cascade reservoirs ; impoundment operation ; GloFAS-Seasonal ; forecast evaluation ; small and medium-scale rivers ; highly urbanized area ; flood control ; whole region perspective ; coupled models ; flood-risk map ; hydrodynamic modelling ; Sequential Gaussian Simulation ; urban stormwater ; probabilistic forecast ; Unscented Kalman Filter ; artificial neural networks ; Three Gorges Reservoir ; Mahalanobis-Taguchi System ; grey entropy method ; signal-to-noise ratio ; degree of balance and approach ; interval number ; multi-objective optimal operation model ; feasible search space ; Pareto-front optimal solution set ; loss–benefit ratio of ecology and power generation ; elasticity coefficient ; empirical mode decomposition ; Hushan reservoir ; data synthesis ; urban hydrological model ; Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) ; Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ; uncertainty analysis ; NDVI ; Yarlung Zangbo River ; machine learning model ; random forest ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; regional flood inundation depth ; recurrent nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (RNARX) ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; multi-objective reservoir operation ; hydrologic forecasting ; uncertainty ; risk
    Abstract: This book collected recent studies on the latest methodological and operational advances in hydrological forecasting. Specifically, the collection of papers covers a range of topics related to improving hydrological forecasting via new datasets and innovative approaches
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate Change and Marine Geological Dynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516981 , 9783036516974
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Enhancement of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500386 , 9783036500393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability
    Note: English
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  • 4
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    Higher Education and Innovation : Design of an Innovative Teaching Module for an Intensive Programme on Aeolian Architecture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437122 , 9783039437115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This book highlights the design of an educational module for an innovative intensive program. The theme is very relevant in the contemporary approach to teaching activities. In fact, thanks to the didactic design, it is possible to obtain a strong relationship between teachers and learners, as required by the Bologna Process. It also allows a stronger definition of learning outcomes. After a general excursus on the subject, the manuscript refers to a recent experience carried out in the Aeolian Island for the Erasmus + Programme, called VVITA. In it, an international group of students and teachers spent a period in the Aeolian Islands, to focus on the features of local vernacular architecture. The attention has been addressed to the Aeolian House, which is a wonderful example of ante litteram sustainable architecture. On the island of Filicudi, one of the most beautiful of the archipelago, it has preserved its characteristics intact. The book is completed by teachers’ lectures and students’ final reports
    Note: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transitioning to Clean Water and Sanitation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038977742 , 9783038977759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Transitioning is a key co ...
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Biofiltration and Physicochemical Filtration for Water Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514451 , 9783036514468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biofiltration is a technology of great interest since the costs of installation and, above all, exploitation costs are much lower than those associated with other technologies based on physical–chemical processes. Nowadays, the use of biofiltration is increasing every day. On the other hand, the physicochemical filtration process is a successful technology in numerous applications in the field of water treatment. This issue of the journal is focused on the treatment of different types of effluents through filtration: Drinking water and wastewater. Different technologies are analysed: Filtration through biochar from agricultural by-products; biological active carbon (BAC); electroadsorption using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent; filtration through sand, anthracite and expanded clay; granular activated carbon (GAC) as part of a tertiary treatment for wastewater reuse
    Note: English
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  • 7
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    INTER-ENG 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507163 , 9783036507170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (688 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”
    Note: English
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Relationship between Forest Ecophysiology and Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506487 , 9783036506494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Forestry & related industries
    Abstract: Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Trends in Coatings and Thin Film–Modeling and Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510149 , 9783036510156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Over the past four decades, there has been increased attention given to the research of fluid mechanics due to its wide application in industry and phycology. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and thin film flows have been made and finally published in the Special Issue of coatings. This is an attempt to edit the Special Issue into a book. Although this book is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students, industrial researchers and in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic, while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. For such types of equations, it is often more difficult to find an analytical solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with the latest techniques. In addition, the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Saliva and Oral Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507767 , 9783036507774
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book represents a guide to the academic, scientific and clinical applications of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. This volume is written by leaders in multiple fields and fulfills a demand for a broad understanding of saliva across a range of disciplines
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  • 11
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    Cares in the Age of Communication: Health Education and Healthy Lifestyles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506524 , 9783036506531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Nowadays, the power of internet and social media to share information and connect with others is a reality that has also changed the way people communicate about health information, but also to create and share health information with others. The loss of confidence in health professionals could be dangerous with regard to the diffusion of information about community health and possible alterations of procedures and systems designed to maintain and improve it. So, this situation about the Spreading health education through Social Media requires research and the design of new ways to approach social media users, especially, young people. Initiatives where health professionals must be the main actors and drive the communication initiatives focused on community health with the main goal of recovery the people confidence when they in health issues. Health education has an important challenge in front of all healthcare providers in multiple aspects of caring. Patients and people concerns about self-cares must be addressed and every one of us is an agent for change. This Special Issue collects 11 research studies focused to the promotion of health and healthy lifestyles through adequate communication strategies
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  • 12
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    Operationalization of Remote Sensing Solutions for Sustainable Forest Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509822 , 9783036509839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The great potential of remote sensing technologies for operational use in sustainable forest management is addressed in this book, which is the reprint of papers published in the Remote Sensing Special Issue “Operationalization of Remote Sensing Solutions for Sustainable Forest Management”. The studies come from three continents and cover multiple remote sensing systems (including terrestrial mobile laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, airborne laser scanning, and satellite data acquisition) and a diversity of data processing algorithms, with a focus on machine learning approaches. The focus of the studies ranges from identification and characterization of individual trees to deriving national- or even continental-level forest attributes and maps. There are studies carefully describing exercises on the case study level, and there are also studies introducing new methodologies for transdisciplinary remote sensing applications. Even though most of the authors look forward to continuing their research, nearly all studies introduced are ready for operational use or have already been implemented in practical forestry
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  • 13
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    New Trends in Environmental Engineering, Agriculture, Food Production, and Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511245 , 9783036511252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in agriculture, aquaculture, food technology and environmental protection and engineering, discussing, among others, the following issues: new technologies in water, stormwater and wastewater treatment; water saving, lake restoration; new sludge and waste management systems; biodiesel production from animal fat waste; the microbiological quality of compound fish feeds for aquaculture; the role of technological processes to improve food quality and safety; new trends in the analysis of food and food components including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analyses; and functional and structural aspects of bioactivities of food molecules
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  • 14
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    Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization and Grading, Processing and Safety in Different Types of Meat Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525426 , 9783036525433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Abstract: The alleged responsibility of meats and processed meat products for some of our population’s major health issues has created an opportunity for the promotion of meat analogs. This emerging competition forces the need for changes in livestock production systems for improving nutritive value and obtaining healthier and safer meat products. The morbidity and mortality attributed to Salmonella and other pathogens remain a public health issue. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing intervention technologies to control such pathogens. Beef is packaged with an array of healthy nutrients and is the highest valued livestock product. However, staples (e.g., pork, poultry) and some co-products can also be nutrient dense and/or provide a unique sensory experience with advantageous technological quality. Carcass yield is a major determinant of livestock value. Hence, objective technologies are strongly needed to effectively segregate the heterogeneous supply of carcasses into homogeneous groups in yield of cuts. Not all meats are created equal, and differences in their intrinsic characteristics may be expected when they are produced in different regions and under diverse production schemes. Nevertheless, reports aiming to characterize meats originated from different zones (e.g., tropical latitudes) are scarce. This Special Issue of Foods, “Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization, Grading, Processing, and Safety for Different Types of Meat Sources”, comprising fourteen peer-reviewed papers, is now being released as a book that will serve as an invaluable reference in addressing the current dearth of knowledge regarding the aforementioned topics, and is also envisaged to serve in updating food scientists and stakeholders of the meat value chain globally
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  • 15
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    Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Applications in Economics and Finance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526201 , 9783036526218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book
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  • 16
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    Drug Metabolism/Transport and Pharmacokinetics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524597 , 9783036524580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters
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  • 17
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    Nanotechnology for Environmental and Biomedical Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507187 , 9783036507194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Do you care about your environment and your health? Contamination by hazardous substances in environmental matrices, including landfills, oil fields, and manufacturing and industrial sites, represents a global concern and needs to be remediated since it poses a serious risk to the environment and human health. Particular attention should also be paid to the use of medical devices and recent developments in the use of nanoparticles expressed as drug delivery systems designed to treat a wide variety of diseases. This Special Issue collects a compilation of articles that strongly demonstrate the continuous efforts made in developing advanced and safe nanomaterial-based technologies for nano-remediation and for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. It covers the most recent advances in the safe nanomaterials synthesis field as well as in environmental applications, in the use of restorative materials, drug delivery and other clinical applications, in order to lay the foundations for a cleaner and healthier future
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  • 18
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    Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502625 , 9783036502632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Materials science and engineering are strongly developing tools with increasing impact in the biotechnological and biomedical areas. Interestingly, research in molecular and cellular biology is often at the core of the design and development of materials-based approaches, providing biological rationale. Focused on research relying on biology–materials interaction, IJMS launched a Special Issue named “Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine”. The aim of the Special Issue was to generate a compilation of in vitro and in vivo strategies based on cell–material interactions. This book compiles the papers published in that Special Issue and includes a selection of six original scientific experimental articles and six comprehensive reviews. We are convinced that this collection of articles shows representative examples of the state of the art in the field, unveiling the relevance of materials research in generating new regenerative medicine and disease modeling approaches
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  • 19
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    Theory and Application of Fixed Point (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520711 , 9783036520728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: In the past few decades, several interesting problems have been solved using fixed point theory. In addition to classical ordinary differential equations and integral equation, researchers also focus on fractional differential equations (FDE) and fractional integral equations (FIE). Indeed, FDE and FIE lead to a better understanding of several physical phenomena, which is why such differential equations have been highly appreciated and explored. We also note the importance of distinct abstract spaces, such as quasi-metric, b-metric, symmetric, partial metric, and dislocated metric. Sometimes, one of these spaces is more suitable for a particular application. Fixed point theory techniques in partial metric spaces have been used to solve classical problems of the semantic and domain theory of computer science. This book contains some very recent theoretical results related to some new types of contraction mappings defined in various types of spaces. There are also studies related to applications of the theoretical findings to mathematical models of specific problems, and their approximate computations. In this sense, this book will contribute to the area and provide directions for further developments in fixed point theory and its applications
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  • 20
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    80 Years of Professor Wigner's Seminal Work "On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group" (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521978 , 9783036521985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book celebrates the 80 years of the Professor Eugene P. Wigner paper “On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group", published in The Annals of Mathematics in 1939. We have collected several contributions divided into Research articles and Reviews. All contributions are technical, but the papers also bring a health element of didactic. Practitioners from several areas, from Gravity to Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics, as well as students, shall find a rich material in this Volume
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  • 21
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    Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514185 , 9783036514178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine
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  • 22
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    Diagnostic Challenges in Sports Cardiology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512037 , 9783036512020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The foundations of sports cardiology include promoting physical activity and providing a safe environment for training and competition for all athletes at all levels, from professional to recreational. To combine these two aims, reliable tools to perform preparticipation screenings are needed. Moreover, those at high risk of potentially life-threatening events should be advised to limit their training load, while others should be reassured that there is no exercise-related cardiovascular risk. We are currently witnessing the advent of new portable devices for remote and mobile heart monitoring and several new and promising biochemical markers, which can support athletes’ diagnostic processes. In this Special Issue of the Diagnostics journal entitled “Diagnostic Challenges in Sports Cardiology”, we present a series of 13 manuscripts, including eight original works, three reviews, and two case reports, which give a glimpse into the current research topics in the area of sports cardiology
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  • 23
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    New Advances in the Research of Antioxidant Food Peptides (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525204 , 9783036525211
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes. However, an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of defenses to detoxify the organism provokes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and its subsequent damages to vital cellular components have been associated with numerous severe chronic disorders. In addition, oxidation reactions are responsible for food deterioration during processing and storage. Peptides from animal and vegetal food sources have attracted attention due to the large evidence of their in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition to their potential as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants used to prevent oxidative reactions in foods, antioxidant peptides can also act by reducing the risk of numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases. Furthermore, peptides can act synergistically with nonpeptide antioxidants, enhancing their protective effect. This Special Issue of the Foods journal includes outstanding papers illustrating examples of the most recent advances on antioxidant peptides from both vegetal and animal sources. The existing data on their bioactivities demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and animal models are included as well as the mechanisms of action of identified antioxidant peptides
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    Technologies of Coatings and Surface Hardening for Tool Industry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524528 , 9783036524535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The innovative coating and surface hardening technologies developed in recent years allow us to obtain practically any physical–mechanical or crystal–chemical complex properties of the metalworking tool surface layer. Today, the scientific approach to improving the operational characteristics of the tool surface layers produced from traditional tools industrial materials is a highly costly and long-lasting process. Different technological techniques, such as coatings (physical and chemical methods), surface hardening and alloying (chemical-thermal treatment, implantation), a combination of the listed methods, and other solutions are used for this. This edition aims to provide a review of the current state of the research and developments in the field of coatings and surface hardening technologies for cutting and die tools that can ensure a substantial increase of the work resource and reliability of the tool, an increase in productivity of machining, accuracy, and quality of the machined products, reduction in the material capacity of the production, and other important manufacturing factors. In doing so, the main emphasis should be on the results of the engineering works that have had a prosperous approbation in a laboratory or real manufacturing conditions
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    Sustainability of Rural Tourism and Promotion of Local Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519463 , 9783036519470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Development economics & emerging economies
    Abstract: This Special Issue contains articles include, but not limited to, empirical, analytical, or design-oriented approaches to the following topics: Monitoring of carrying capacity and mechanisms for managing tourist flows in rural areas; Systems and tools to measure the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of rural tourism; Integration between public tourism policies and private strategies in the promotion and implementation of sustainable practices; Policies for promoting public participation in the planning and development of sustainable rural tourism; The impacts of tourism on traditional agricultural activities; Identity enhancement of the territory and its productions; "Good practices" in the implementation of rural tourism sustainability
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  • 26
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    Current Trends and Perspectives in the Application of Polymeric Materials for Wastewater Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523729 , 9783036523712
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Water is indispensable to the functioning of most known life forms, and good water quality is essential to human health, social and economic development, and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, population growth has been leading to the degradation and depletion of fresh water resources. Under these circumstances, ensuring sufficient and safe water supplies for everyone is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. For this goal to be achieved, the development and implementation of appropriate and efficient wastewater treatments that allow us to reduce water pollution is a major challenge.In view of the relevant contribution that polymers and polymeric materials may have in the conservation of the aquatic environment, namely by their application in wastewater treatment, original research and review papers on “Current trends and perspectives in the application of polymeric materials for wastewater treatment” were here brought together. For sure, this set of papers will be helpful and inspiring for readers interested in this topic
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  • 27
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    Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Quality in Coastal Ecosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522357 , 9783036522364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: Coastal ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile transition environments between land and oceans. They are exclusive habitats for a broad range of living organisms, functioning as havens for biodiversity and providing several important ecological services that link terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Humans living in coastal zones have been strongly dependent on these ecosystems as a source of food, physical protection against storms and advancing sea, and a range of human activities that generate economic income. Notwithstanding, the intensification of human activities in coastal areas of the recent decades, as well as the global climatic changes and coastal erosion processes of the present, have had detrimental impacts on these environments. Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of these environments and recovering an ecological balance or mitigating disturbances in systems under the influence of such stressors are complex tasks, only possible through the implementation of monitoring programs and by assessing their environmental quality. In this book, distinct approaches to environmental quality monitoring and assessment of coastal environments are presented, focused on abiotic and biotic compartments, and using tools that range from ecological levels of organization to the sub-organismal and the ecosystem levels
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    Green Energy Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523965 , 9783036523972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, entitled “The Green Energy Technology”, covers technologies, products, equipment, and devices, as well as energy services, based on software and data protected by patents and/or trademarks. The recent trends underline the principles of a circular economy such as sustainable product design, extending the product’s lifecycle, reusability, and recycling. These are highly related to climate change and environmental impact, and limited natural resources require scientific research and novel technical solutions. This book will serve as a collection of the latest scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e., environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While the focus is on energy and bioenergy, it also covers "green" solutions in all aspects of industrial engineering. Green Energy Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants and decision-makers in industries and politics. This book is a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research paper addressing recent progress in Green Energy Technology. We hope that readers will enjoy reading this book
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    Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Solid Fuels and Renewable Energies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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  • 30
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    Mycotoxins Study: Toxicology, Identification and Control (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514161 , 9783036514154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Book of Toxins comprises 11 original contributions and one review. New findings regarding presence of mycotoxins in aromatic and medicinal plants, mango and orange juice, juices, pulps, jams, and beer, from Morocco, Pakistan, and Portugal are reported. In these studies, innovative techniques to study their presence has been developed, including liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse mycotoxins and conjugated mycotoxins. Novel strategies to detect mycotoxin presence and comparisons the characteristics of a rapid quantitative analysis of different mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone) are also presented using acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases and photobacterial strains of luminescent cells. Additionally, toxicological effects of zearalenone metabolites and beauvericin on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells are presented. One important point in the control of mycotoxins is related to decontaminated strategies, and in this sense the efficacy of potentially probiotic fruit-derived Lactobacillus isolates in removing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is presented. Other mycotoxin decontaminated techniques included in this book are electron beam irradiation (EBI) and degradation of zearalenone and ochratoxin A using ozone. Finally, a review that summarizes the newly discovered macrocyclic trichothecenes and their bioactivities over the last decade is included.The evaluation of the presence of mycotoxins in different matrices is achieved through different analytical tools (including quantitative or qualitative determinations). Studies of mycotoxin isolation, using chromatographyc equipment coupled to spectrometry detectors (QTrap-MS/MS, MS/MS tandem, QTOF-MS/MS), are the most useful tools to control their presence. All these studies represent key steps in the establishment of the limits of detection, limits of quantification, points of identification, accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of different procedures. The maximum permitted or recommended levels for mycotoxins in different matrices are within a wide range (including the levels tolerated by infants and animals). In addition, decontaminated strategies, as well as control and evaluation of exposure, are demanded by authorities and food safety systems
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    Plant Viruses: From Ecology to Control (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520186 , 9783036523798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (293 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Plant viruses cause many of the most important diseases threatening crops worldwide. Over the last quarter of a century, an increasing number of plant viruses have emerged in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. As is generally observed for plant viruses, most of the emerging viruses are transmitted horizontally by biological vectors, mainly insects. Reverse genetics using infectious clones—available for many plant viruses—has been used for identification of viral determinants involved in virus–host and virus–vector interactions. Although many studies have identified a number of factors involved in disease development and transmission, the precise mechanisms are unknown for most of the virus–plant–vector combinations. In most cases, the diverse outcomes resulting from virus–virus interactions are poorly understood. Although significant advances have been made towards understand the mechanisms involved in plant resistance to viruses, we are far from being able to apply this knowledge to protect cultivated plants from the all viral threats.The aim of this Special Issue was to provide a platform for researchers interested in plant virology to share their recent results. To achieve this, we invited the plant virology community to submit research articles, short communications and reviews related to the various aspects of plant virology: ecology, virus–plant host interactions, virus–vector interactions, virus–virus interactions, and control strategies. This issue contains some of the best current research in plant virology
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    Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517421 , 9783036517414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (476 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning
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    Experimental, Numerical and Field Approaches to Scour Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521954 , 9783036521961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents fourteen state-of-the-art research papers prepared by research scientists and engineers around the world. They explore the subject of scour related to bridge piers, monopiles, propellers, turbines, weirs, dams, grade-control structures, and pipelines. Their works are based on three different research methodologies, namely experimental, numerical, and field approaches
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    Drug–Drug Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520353 , 9783036520360
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb–drug or food–drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions
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    Urban Ecosystem Services (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505824 , 9783036505831
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage. Assessing, as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This book contains 13 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services”. The book addresses topics such as nature-based solutions, green space planning, green infrastructure, rain gardens, climate change, and more. The contributions highlight new findings for landscape architects, urban planners, and policymakers. Important future cities research is considered by looking at the system connectivity between the social and ecological sphere—via varying forms of urban planning, management, and governance. The book is supported by methods and models that utilize an urban sustainability and ecosystem service-centric focus by adding knowledge-base and real-world solutions into the urbanization phenomenon
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    Engineering Properties of Superconducting Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503721 , 9783036503738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments
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    Physical Vapor Deposited Biomedical Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524146 , 9783036524153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book outlines a series of developments made in the manufacturing of bio-functional layers via Physical Vapour-Deposited (PVD) technologies for application in various areas of healthcare. The scrutinized PVD methods include Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RF-MS), Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Pulsed Electron Deposition and its variants, Pulsed Laser Deposition, and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) due to their great promise, especially in dentistry and orthopaedics. These methods have yet to gain traction for industrialization and large-scale application in biomedicine. A new generation of implant coatings can be made available by the (1) incorporation of organic moieties (e.g., proteins, peptides, enzymes) into thin films using innovative methods such as combinatorial MAPLE, (2) direct coupling of therapeutic agents with bioactive glasses or ceramics within substituted or composite layers via RF-MS, or (3) innovation in high-energy deposition methods, such as arc evaporation or pulsed electron beam methods
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    Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518046 , 9783036518039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components
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    Advances in Autism Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502021 , 9783036502038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (434 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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    Kinetoplastid Genomics and Beyond (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515823 , 9783036515816
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (251 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book includes a collection of eight original research articles and three reviews covering a wide range of topics in the field of kinetoplastids. In addition, readers can find a compendium of molecular biology procedures and bioinformatics tools
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  • 41
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    Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520919 , 9783036520926
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The marine environment is considered one of the most important sources of natural bioactive compounds with extremely rich biodiversity. Marine glycans are remarkable molecules, playing a determinant role in biological processes. Marine сarbohydrate-containing substances have drawn increasing attention in the field of biomedicine for their various biological activities, such as antitumor, antivirus, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant. These compounds obtained from marine sources, such as algae, microbes, and animals, are usually biodegradable and biocompatible, and exhibit biological properties that contribute to the discovery of a wide range of new bioactive substances with special pharmacological properties of interest to medicine. Carbohydrate-based compounds include glycans, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, and low-molecular and complex glycosides of differential origin. Many of the polysaccharides allow for loading lower drug dosages, which may lead to a drastic reduction of the side effects caused by the drugs. In addition, the structure of polysaccharides can be relatively easily modified in order to synthesize derivatives with desirable characteristics for drug delivery. Complexes on the basis of carbohydrates are often prepared to improve their functional properties. In this Special Issue, we seek to contribute to the discussion of various aspects of marine carbohydrate-containing compounds and provide a unique platform for a new concept for their use in medicine in order to continue to facilitate further research in this area
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    Integrated human exposure to air pollution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510828 , 9783036510835
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field
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    One Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502861 , 9783036502878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Abstract: “One Health” is defined as an approach to achieve better health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment through collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts. The One Health framework is increasingly being applied to the management, control, and even elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a set of infectious diseases that, collectively, affect more than one billion people across almost 150 countries. NTDs are some of the most common infections in the world; they cause substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in regions with little access to medical care and other resources. Although there is increasing recognition of the major public health threat presented by NTDs, the ecological complexities of their transmission continue to pose challenges for their control and elimination. Some NTDs are zoonotic, meaning that they can be transmitted between humans and animals and, as such, present obstacles for public health and veterinary services in addition to concerns for wildlife conservation. Vector-borne NTDs necessitate measures that integrate consideration of the environment into public health strategies in order to sustainably reduce disease transmission. This book presents a collection of papers that explore various aspects of how the One Health concept is being applied to NTD control around the world, from genomics and diagnostic tools to improved surveillance and disease management. Encompassing research from Central America, the Caribbean, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, the collection emphasizes the diversity of NTDs as well as the critical importance of multisectoral collaboration for their control and elimination
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    Advances and Challenges in Organic Electronics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502823 , 9783036502830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Organic Electronics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field at the interface between Organic Chemistry and Physics. Organic Electronics is based on the use of the unique optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated materials that range from small molecules to polymers. The wide activity of researchers in Organic Electronics is testament to the fact that its potential is huge and its list of potential applications almost endless. Application of these electronic and optoelectronic devices range from Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) to Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs), sensors, etc. We invited a series of colleagues to contribute to this Special Issue with respect to the aforementioned concepts and keywords. The goal for this Special Issue was to describe the recent developments of this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary research field. We thank all authors for their contributions
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    Risks : Feature Papers 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507125 , 9783036507132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book is a collection of feature articles published in Risks in 2020. They were all written by experts in their respective fields. In these articles, they all develop and present new aspects and insights that can help us to understand and cope with the different and ever-changing aspects of risks. In some of the feature articles the probabilistic risk modeling is the central focus, whereas impact and innovation, in the context of financial economics and actuarial science, is somewhat retained and left for future research. In other articles it is the other way around. Ideas and perceptions in financial markets are the driving force of the research but they do not necessarily rely on innovation in the underlying risk models. Together, they are state-of-the-art, expert-led, up-to-date contributions, demonstrating what Risks is and what Risks has to offer: articles that focus on the central aspects of insurance and financial risk management, that detail progress and paths of further development in understanding and dealing with...risks. Asking the same type of questions (which risk allocation and mitigation should be provided, and why?) creates value from three different perspectives: the normative perspective of market regulator; the existential perspective of the financial institution; the phenomenological perspective of the individual consumer or policy holder
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    Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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    Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506500 , 9783036506517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (432 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This book focuses on new sensing technologies, measurement techniques, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Specifically, the book briefly describes the potential of smart sensors in the aforementioned applications, collecting 24 articles selected and published in the Special Issue “Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications”. We proposed this topic, being aware of the pivotal role that smart sensors can play in the improvement of healthcare services in both acute and chronic conditions as well as in prevention for a healthy life and active aging. The articles selected in this book cover a variety of topics related to the design, validation, and application of smart sensors to healthcare
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    Drug Absorption Studies: In Situ, In Vitro and In Silico Models (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524610 , 9783036524603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: This Book serves to highlight the mechanisms related to the low intestinal drug absorption, the strategies to overcome the obstacles or intestinal drug absorption, and in situ, in vitro, and in silico methodologies to predict to intestinal drug absorption. This Book presents a series of drug absorption studies and related technologies that predict intestinal permeation of drugs that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs. It also contains the mechanistic understanding regarding the first-pass metabolism and intestinal efflux that modulate the pharmacokinetics of drug and suggest the formulation strategies to enhance the bioavailability of investigated drugs
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    Forest Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503288 , 9783036503295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: One of the highest priorities for human societies in the 21st century, under the challenges of predicted great environmental changes, is to conserve all kinds of biodiversity across the planet. Among all the biota that exist on Earth, forest ecosystems demonstrate a high degree of biodiversity, being thought to comprise the most diverse ecosystems, as most of the terrestrial species in the world dwell in these ecosystems. Forest biodiversity is interlinked to a web of socio-economic factors, providing an array of goods and services that range from timber and non-timber forest resources to mitigating climate change and conservation of genetic resources; therefore, it is innately linked to ecosystems and human well-being. However, in recent decades, the decrease in forest biodiversity has been a crucial and ongoing environmental issue that needs special attention and adapted ecosystem management. This Special Issue book on forest biodiversity (FB) includes a selected number of research works from all over the world dealing with emerging issues, for understanding FB and its needs for conservation, ecological processes, disturbances, climate change and ecosystems resilience, structural complexity and ecosystem functions, ecological theories and silvicultural practices, and ecosystems stability. More specifically, it includes papers focused on the indicators and methods for assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity, evaluation of practices, planting and silvicultural treatments, and management and monitoring methods, with an overall goal to provide new insights on forest biodiversity conservation, conservation of forest biodiversity in protected areas, treatments of endangered or threatened forest habitats, and sustainable management of forest resources
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    Policies and Strategies in Sexual and Reproductive Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508160 , 9783036508177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The topics covered in the book cover different aspects of sexual and reproductive health. This book provides novel research results that may be essential as a basis for the development of health policies and strategies in sexual and reproductive health. These policies are necessary to achieve greater health protection. Among others, issues as important as the increase in STIs, their risk factors, vulnerable situations and populations, as well as the issue of priority in reproductive health, such as the care that must be provided during pregnancy and childbirth in order to guarantee healthy women and children, are developed in the book. There is no doubt that women should be the preferential recipients of these health policies and strategies and, therefore, pathologies that have an impact on their quality of life as well as the situations of gender violence that these women experience also occupy a place within the content of this book. In this book, you can find interesting results allowing researchers to take into account in proposing new lines of research, students and academics to receive and transmit the most current and relevant knowledge, political leaders to develop adequate and efficient health policies and strategies, and clinical health professionals to work in clinical practice with the best available scientific evidence
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    Protein–Ligand Interactions: Target Identification and Drug Discovery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510507 , 9783036510514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials
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    Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511627 , 9783036511634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Film, TV & radio
    Abstract: This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these fields
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    High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area : Challenges and Perspectives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439553 , 9783039439560
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Building sector requires a conspicuous considerable amount of energy for services related to annual air-conditioning and the thermal comfort of indoor spaces. The design of highly efficient low-energy buildings is often a challenging task, especially in the mediterranean area, where the balanced requirement for heating and cooling energy does not usually permit a high level of envelope insulation in order to avoid summer overheating. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to “High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area: Challenges and Perspectives” and collects studies related to the assessment and evaluation of systems and technologies for building energy management and control in the Mediterranean climate, with the aim of optimizing the building–plant system and reducing energy use. This collection of papers presents the latest research results related to the topic; these articles offer valuable insights into the energy simulation of highly efficient buildings, propose innovative envelope solutions, such as green roofs, Trombe walls, and PCM, and investigate the use of renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems. The topics also include the innovative use and control of Venetian blinds and fixed solar shades in order to reduce energy consumption and preserve visual comfort, as well as an interesting economic analysis based on the cost-optimal approach
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    Lignocellulosic Biomass (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524757 , 9783036524740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases
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    Novel Research about Biomechanics and Biomaterials Used in Hip, Knee and Related Joints (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512815 , 9783036512808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Joint replacement is a very successful medical treatment. However, the survivorship of hip, knee, shoulder, and other implants is limited. The degradation of materials and the immune response against degradation products or an altered tissue loading condition as well as infections remain key factors of their failure. Current research in biomechanics and biomaterials is trying to overcome these existing limitations. This includes new implant designs and materials, bearings concepts and tribology, kinematical concepts, surgical techniques, and anti-inflammatory and infection prevention strategies. A careful evaluation of new materials and concepts is required in order to fully assess the strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and outcomes of joint replacements. Therefore, extensive research and clinical trials are essential. The main aspects that are addressed in this Special Issue are related to new material, design and manufacturing considerations of implants, implant wear and its potential clinical consequence, implant fixation, infection-related material aspects, and taper-related research topics. This Special Issue gives an overview of the ongoing research in those fields. The contributions were solicited from researchers working in the fields of biomechanics, biomaterials, and bio- and tissue-engineering
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    Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525778 , 9783036525761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have proved to be powerful tools for carbon–carbon as well as carbon–heteroatom bond formation in the development of synthetic methodologies for applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials. This book, consisting of an editorial, two reviews and two articles, focuses on recent promising research and novel trends in the field of cross-coupling reactions, employing a range of different catalysts. A review by Kostas and Steele provides a survey of the research in the area of cross-coupling catalytic reactions with transition metal complexes based on the thiosemicarbazone unit and a discussion of the prospects for future developments. Another review by Polychronopoulou, Shaya and co-authors describes the progress made over the 21st century concerning the utilization of C(sp3)–organoboranes as partners in metal-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-couplings, such as B-alkyl Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. The article by Waldvogel, Breinbauer and co-authors demonstrates for the first time the synthetic potential of combining the electro-oxidative dehydrogenative cross coupling of ortho-substituted phenols with Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In the second article, Štĕpnička and co-workers describe the preparation of palladium catalysts deposited over silica gel-bearing composite amide-donor functional moieties on the surface, which were evaluated in the Sonogashira-type cross-coupling of acyl chlorides with terminal alkynes
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    Mathematical Modelling of Energy Systems and Fluid Machinery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505503 , 9783036505510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector, which will make a large amount of data available, should not be viewed as a passive ICT application for energy technology or a threat to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, in the light of the competition triggered by data mining and machine learning techniques. These new technologies must be posed on solid bases for the representation of energy systems and fluid machinery. Therefore, mathematical modelling is still relevant and its importance cannot be underestimated. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect contributions about mathematical modelling of energy systems and fluid machinery in order to build and consolidate the base of this knowledge
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    Genetics of Animal Health and Disease in Livestock (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508962 , 9783036508979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces
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    Managerial and Entrepreneurial Decision Making : Emerging Issues (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508146 , 9783036508153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Business strategy ; Management of specific areas
    Abstract: Since the conceptualization of bounded rationality, management scholars started investigating how people—managers and entrepreneurs—really make decisions within (and for) organizations. The aim of this eBook is to deeply investigate trends that have flourished within this pivotal research area in conceptual and/or empirical terms, trying to provide new insights on how managers and entrepreneurs make decisions within and for organizations. In this vein, readers that approach this eBook will be taken by hand and accompanied to the discovery of how the mind of decision makers is at the basis of organizational developments or failures. In this regard, published contributions in this eBook underline how executives and entrepreneurs must be ecologically rational, thus be aware of the negative and positive effects that biases can have depending on the context and use them at their advantage. Managerial and entrepreneurial decision-making are phenomena that cannot be detached from the environment in which executives and entrepreneurs are embedded, claiming to establish new approaches to research that looks at decision-making as an individual/group/organization-environment dialectical and multi-level phenomenon
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    Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524795 , 9783036524788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed
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    Bioinformatics Applications Based On Machine Learning (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507606 , 9783036507613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The great advances in information technology (IT) have implications for many sectors, such as bioinformatics, and has considerably increased their possibilities. This book presents a collection of 11 original research papers, all of them related to the application of IT-related techniques within the bioinformatics sector: from new applications created from the adaptation and application of existing techniques to the creation of new methodologies to solve existing problems
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    Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Liquids and Crystals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515519 , 9783036515526
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue “Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Liquids and Crystals” that was published in Entropy (MDPI). The articles collected in the book deal with some topical trends in the statistical physics of condensed-matter systems. Such contributions provide an indication of the variety of problems that can arise in the study of strongly correlated particles, giving at the same time a representative account of the methods employed in this widespread field of research
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    Sensor Networks in Structural Health Monitoring: From Theory to Practice (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506326 , 9783036506333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The intense development of novel data-driven and hybrid methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been demonstrated by field deployments on large-scale systems, including transport, wind energy, and building infrastructure. The actionability of SHM as an essential resource for life-cycle and resilience management is heavily dependent on the advent of low-cost and easily deployable sensors Nonetheless, in optimizing these deployments, a number of open issues remain with respect to the sensing side. These are associated with the type, configuration, and eventual processing of the information acquired from these sensors to deliver continuous behavioral signatures of the monitored structures. This book discusses the latest advances in the field of sensor networks for SHM. The focus lies both in active research on the theoretical foundations of optimally deploying and operating sensor networks and in those technological developments that might designate the next generation of sensing solutions targeted for SHM. The included contributions span the complete SHM information chain, from sensor design to configuration, data interpretation, and triggering of reactive action. The featured papers published in this Special Issue offer an overview of the state of the art and further proceed to introduce novel methods and tools. Particular attention is given to the treatment of uncertainty, which inherently describes the sensed information and the behavior of monitored systems
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    Advances in Control of Power Electronic Converters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513928 , 9783036513911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book proposes a list of contributions in the field of control of power electronics converters for different topologies: DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC. It particularly focuses on the use of different advanced control techniques with the aim of improving the performances, flexibility and efficiency in the context of several operation conditions. Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic based control, dead time compensation and optimal linear control are among the techniques developed in the special issue. Simulation and experimental results are provided by the authors to validate the proposed control strategies
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    Understanding Exploitation in Consensual Sex Work to Inform Occupational Health & Safety Regulation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518626 , 9783036518619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: The impetus behind this Special Issue emerged from a quest to move beyondbinary thinking in the contemporary period about people who sell sexual services,including recent disputes about “sex trafficking vs. prostitution” and“criminalization vs. decriminalization”, to encourage theoretical and empiricalscholarship by exploring how sex work actually operates under different regulatoryregimes. The volume includes contributions from scholars of different socialsciences backgrounds based in five countries– New Zealand, the United Kingdom,Brazil, the United States and Canada. The article topics range widely,and both quantitative and qualitative research methods are showcased. The empiricalevidence presented adds to our current understanding of the complexityof this phenomenon of sex commerce/prostitution, which is found to be largelya problem of social inequality within and across capitalist societies. The authorscall for policies to address occupational and societal wide inequities faced by sexworkers across many countries
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    Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522876 , 9783036522883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The e-book and Special Issue “Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat” is composed of six original papers about recent advances in the area of Meat Science about the effect of production system in lamb meat quality, the effect of animal feed supplements in cattle meat, treatment of cattle carcasses to improve tenderness, and the characterization of volatile compounds associated with sensory attributes. Moreover, studies regarding the developments in the processing of meat are also included in this publication
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    Efficient Technology for the Pretreatment of Biomass II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517940 , 9783036517933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biomass can be used as feedstock for the production of biomaterials, chemicals, platform molecules and biofuels. It is the most reliable alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Within the framework of the circular economy, resource recovery from organic waste, including sewage sludge, biowaste, manure and slaughterhouse waste, is particularly useful, as it helps saving resources while reducing environmental pollution. In contrast to energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for food production; therefore, they represent an important source of biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts. However, biomass may require a pretreatment step in order to enhance its conversion into valuable products in terms of process yield and/or productivity. Furthermore, a pretreatment step may be mandatory for waste management (i.e., animal by-products).Pretreatment technologies are applied upstream of various conversion processes of biomass into biofuels or biomaterials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane, biomolecules or bioproducts. Pretreatments may include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological techniques, which represent a crucial, cost-intensive step for the development of biorefineries. Thus, research is needed to help identify the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly pretreatment options for each feedstock. This Special Issue aims to gather recent developments of biomass pretreatments for bioproduct and biofuel production
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    Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509709 , 9783036509716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the papers accepted into the Special Issue “Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels” and includes nine contributions to this Special Issue published in 2020. The overall aim of the collection is to improve knowledge about the most relevant and recent topics in ship stability and seakeeping. Specifically, the articles cover a wide range of topics and reflect the recent scientific efforts in the 2nd generation intact stability criteria evaluation and modelling of the ship dynamics assessment in intact or damaged conditions. These topics were investigated mainly through direct assessments performed both via numerical methods and tools, and experimental approaches. The book is addressed to individuals from universities, research organizations, industry, government agencies and certifying authorities, as well as designers, operators and owners who contribute to improved knowledge about “stability and seakeeping”
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    Freeze-Drying Technology in Foods (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500683 , 9783036500690
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an update on the most recent research and developments in the area of freeze-drying technology in foods. It presents a combination of experimental and modeling studies, offering an overview of oncoming challenges and opportunities on the topic
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    Cholinesterase Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517988 , 9783036517971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (223 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This collection of 10 papers includes original as well as review articles focused on the cholinesterase structural aspects, drug design and development of novel cholinesterase ligands, but also contains papers focused on the natural compounds and their effect on the cholinergic system and unexplored effects of donepezil
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  • 71
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    Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526607 , 9783036526614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders are a serious burden for patients and modern society. In Europe alone, 100,000,000 individuals suffer from musculoskeletal disorders and 40,000,000 affected workers cause losses due to work absence and a productivity loss of EUR 12 billion per year. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders are the second most common cause of pain and disability. Adequate diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are key elements in the care for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, yet, for many musculoskeletal disorders, diagnostic tests lack appropriate accuracy. Treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is challenging as the mechanisms causing the complaints and mechanisms of action for the available treatment options are largely unknown. Moreover, these mechanisms and effectiveness might depend on specific patients’ characteristics and call for personalized strategies. This Special Issue invited researchers in the field to contribute to the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. As many different healthcare professionals are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, the Special Issue published high-quality studies from different areas of healthcare. Studies reporting on original research (e.g., randomized controlled trials, cohort studies), but also systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses within the scope of the Special Issue were considered. Given recent debates around the effectiveness of surgical interventions for musculoskeletal disorders and concomitant risks for adverse side-effects, intervention studies on non-surgical treatment options were prioritized
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  • 72
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    Smart Urban Water Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509785 , 9783036509792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems
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    Design and Control of Power Converters 2019 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515632 , 9783036515649
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (402 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, 20 papers focused on different fields of power electronics are gathered. Approximately half of the papers are focused on different control issues and techniques, ranging from the computer-aided design of digital compensators to more specific approaches such as fuzzy or sliding control techniques. The rest of the papers are focused on the design of novel topologies. The fields in which these controls and topologies are applied are varied: MMCs, photovoltaic systems, supercapacitors and traction systems, LEDs, wireless power transfer, etc
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    Polymeric Carriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511733 , 9783036511726
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on the design of polymeric delivery systems for biomedical and nanomedicine applications as well as on understanding how such biomaterials interact in the physiological environment. The reader will find an encompassing view on the state-of-the-art of polymeric carriers, showing how current research deals with new stimuli-responsive systems for cancer therapies and biomedical challenges, namely overcoming the skin barrier. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on hybrid polymers to applications as diverse as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles for antifungal skin therapy, peptide and siRNA delivery, enhanced skin absorption of bioactive molecules, and anticancer therapy. The book comprises one review paper and nine research papers
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    Reviews and Perspectives on Smart and Sustainable Metropolitan and Regional Cities (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527567 , 9783036527574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The notion of smart and sustainable cities offers an integrated and holistic approach to urbanism by aiming to achieve the long-term goals of urban sustainability and resilience. In essence, a smart and sustainable city is an urban locality that functions as a robust system of systems with sustainable practices to generate desired outcomes and futures for all humans and non-humans. This book contributes to improving research and practice in smart and sustainable metropolitan as well as regional cities and urbanism by bringing together literature reviews and scholarly perspective pieces, forming an open access knowledge warehouse. It contains contributions that offer insights into research and practice in smart and sustainable metropolitan and regional cities by producing in-depth conceptual debates and perspectives, insights from the literature and best practice, and thoroughly identified research themes and development trends. This book serves as a repository of relevant information, material, and knowledge to support research, policymaking, practice, and the transferability of experiences to address challenges in establishing smart and sustainable metropolitan as well as regional cities and urbanism in the era of climate change, biodiversity collapse, natural disasters, pandemics, and socioeconomic inequalities
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    Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensors Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526065 , 9783036526072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Carbon-based nanomaterials have been increasingly used in sensors and biosensors design due to their advantageous intrinsic properties, which include, but are not limited to, high electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability, optical properties, large specific surface, biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. The most commonly applied carbonaceous nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes (single- or multi-walled nanotubes) and graphene, but promising data have been also reported for (bio)sensors based on carbon quantum dots and nanocomposites, among others. The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials, independent of the detection scheme and developed platform type (optical, chemical, and biological, etc.), has a major beneficial effect on the (bio)sensor sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance. As a consequence, carbon-based nanomaterials have been promoting a revolution in the field of (bio)sensors with the development of increasingly sensitive devices. This Special Issue presents original research data and review articles that focus on (experimental or theoretical) advances, challenges, and outlooks concerning the preparation, characterization, and application of carbon-based nanomaterials for (bio)sensor development
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    Applied Biomechanics: Sport Performance and Injury Prevention (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526089 , 9783036526096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue had, as its main objective, the compilation of biomechanical studies on sports performance and its relationship with musculoskeletal injuries. It is a collection of research on eight different sports (soccer, volleyball, swimming, cycling, skiing, golf, athletics, and hockey) considering injuries in general and specific injuries such as hamstring muscle injury, anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, and pain of the pubic symphysis. Additionally, it is noteworthy that most of the studies considered both men and women. Classical biomechanical tools have been used, such as 2D and 3D motion analysis, force platforms, and electromyography
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    Advances in Bio-Inspired Robots (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525129 , 9783036525136
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book covers three major topics, specifically Biomimetic Robot Design, Mechanical System Design from Bio-Inspiration, and Bio-Inspired Analysis on A Mechanical System. The Biomimetic Robot Design part introduces research on flexible jumping robots, snake robots, and small flying robots, while the Mechanical System Design from Bio-Inspiration part introduces Bioinspired Divide-and-Conquer Design Methodology, Modular Cable-Driven Human-Like Robotic Arm andWall-Climbing Robot. Finally, in the Bio-Inspired Analysis on A Mechanical System part, research contents on the control strategy of Surgical Assistant Robot, modeling of Underwater Thruster, and optimization of Humanoid Robot are introduced
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    Combining Sensors and Multibody Models for Applications in Vehicles, Machines, Robots and Humans (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523576 , 9783036523583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The combination of physical sensors and computational models to provide additional information about system states, inputs and/or parameters, in what is known as virtual sensing, is becoming increasingly popular in many sectors, such as the automotive, aeronautics, aerospatial, railway, machinery, robotics and human biomechanics sectors. While, in many cases, control-oriented models, which are generally simple, are the best choice, multibody models, which can be much more detailed, may be better suited to some applications, such as during the design stage of a new product
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    Surface and Interface Engineering for Organic Device Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519906 , 9783036519913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the last few decades, organic materials (or carbon-based materials in a broad sense), including polymers, have received much attention for their potential applications in electronics, because they have outstanding advantages such as high processibility, mechanical flexibility, and low weight. Extensive research efforts have thus been devoted to the development and advancement of organic materials for various applications, covering a wide range from molecular design to device fabrication methods. In addition, it has been recognized that surfaces and interfaces play a crucial role in the operation and performance of the devices. For instance, various interactions at organic–metal interfaces are of great importance in organic epitaxy, and also have a strong correlation with intermolecular structures and their electronic properties. In this context, the main focus of this Special Issue was collecting scientific contributions addressing surface and interface engineering with organic materials, and related applications. The diversity of contributions presented in this Special Issue exhibits relevant progress and the potential of organic materials in a variety of applications that are not limited to the fabrication of organic devices
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    Beach Nourishment: A 21st Century Review (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516066 , 9783036516059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Erosion is experienced by most coastlines worldwide, and it is usually attributed not only to sea level rise but also to the retention of sand in dams, the occupation of dry beaches by urbanized areas, the mining of sand as a building material for construction, and so on. Beach nourishment has evolved as the favored erosion-mitigation strategy in many areas of the world. The increasing number of people living on the coast, the safety of those people, and the high values of coastal properties are all factors that have made beach nourishment a cost-effective strategy for managing erosion in many locations. However, a new scenario of sand scarcity and environmental care has arisen in recent decades. There have been many different and interesting cases of various aspects of beach nourishment in recent years. The purpose of this invited Special Issue is to publish the most exciting experience and research with respect to this topic. Thus, novel techniques for designing, executing, and controlling these kinds of works as well as different case studies and their monitoring results and conclusions have been included, in order to present an updated state of the art for marine scientists, researchers, and engineers
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    Data-Intensive Computing in Smart Microgrids (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516271 , 9783036516288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microgrids have recently emerged as the building block of a smart grid, combining distributed renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and load management in order to improve power system reliability, enhance sustainable development, and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, rapid advancements in sensor and metering technologies, wireless and network communication, as well as cloud and fog computing are leading to the collection and accumulation of large amounts of data (e.g., device status data, energy generation data, consumption data). The application of big data analysis techniques (e.g., forecasting, classification, clustering) on such data can optimize the power generation and operation in real time by accurately predicting electricity demands, discovering electricity consumption patterns, and developing dynamic pricing mechanisms. An efficient and intelligent analysis of the data will enable smart microgrids to detect and recover from failures quickly, respond to electricity demand swiftly, supply more reliable and economical energy, and enable customers to have more control over their energy use. Overall, data-intensive analytics can provide effective and efficient decision support for all of the producers, operators, customers, and regulators in smart microgrids, in order to achieve holistic smart energy management, including energy generation, transmission, distribution, and demand-side management. This book contains an assortment of relevant novel research contributions that provide real-world applications of data-intensive analytics in smart grids and contribute to the dissemination of new ideas in this area
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    Laws and Emerging Technologies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514963 , 9783036514956
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: Technologies will have a huge impact on society in the coming years and will bring new challenges and legal challenges to the legal sector worldwide. On the other hand, the new communications era also brings many new legal issues, such as those derived from e-commerce and payment services, intellectual property, or the problems derived from the use of new technologies by young people
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    Cellular Oxidative Stress (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516448 , 9783036516431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (529 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book collects 17 original research papers and 9 reviews that are part of the Special Issue “Cellular Oxidative Stress”, published in the journal Antioxidants. Oxidative stress on a cellular level affects the function of tissues and organs and may eventually lead to disease. Therefore, a precise understanding of how oxidative stress develops and can be counteracted is of utmost importance. The scope of the book is to emphasize the latest findings on the cellular targets of oxidative stress and the potential beneficial effect of antioxidants on human health
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    la ValSe-Food 2019 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503684 , 9783036503691
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The seeds and fruits (or their parts) of Iberoamerican crops have high nutritional and functional properties which could be utilized in a wide range of foods. The crops included in this book are amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Andean maize (Zea mays L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera), yvapuru (Plinia peruviana), kurugua (Sicana odorifera), sacha inchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana), camu camu (Myrciaria dubia), mango (Mangifera indica), tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta), all of them still underutilized. Their cultivation is low; nevertheless, in recent years, the worldwide demand for some of them has increased immensely, resulting in an increase in their production. The ancient Iberoamerican crops have been widely recognized for their nutritional value by food scientists and food producers because they contain high-quality proteins and large quantities of micronutrients such as minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds. In addition, they are gluten-free, which makes them suitable for people suffering from various gluten intolerances. This book summarizes the large amount of investigations in this field in the last year and provides knowledge within all the relevant areas of food science. The editors hope that this book will contribute to an increased use of these products in human nutrition by consumers worldwide
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    Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502809 , 9783036502816
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: In recent years, we have assisted the remarkable growth in the use of functional polyesters. This book gathers novel research works dealing with the manufacturing and characterization of polyesters that have been functionalized by synthesis, copolymerization, additives (at micro- and nanoscale), surface modification, among other methodologies, to tailor desired properties in terms of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and barrier properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Thus, Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters will serve to guide a diverse audience of polymer scientists and engineers and provides an update of the “state-of-the-art” knowledge on functional polyesters
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    Innovative Preservation Technology for the Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513300 , 9783036513294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The preservation of freshness of fruits and vegetables until their consumption is the aim of many research activities. The quality losses of fresh fruit and vegetables during cold chain are frequently attributable to an inappropriate use of postharvest technologies. Moreover, especially when fresh produce is transported to distant markets, it is necessary to adopt proper storage solutions in order to preserve the initial quality.Nowadays, for each step of the supply chain (packing house, cold storage rooms, precooling center, refrigerate transport, and distribution), innovative preservation technologies are available that, alone or in combination, could preserve the fresh products in order to maintain the principal quality and nutritional characteristics. In this Special Issue, these preservation technologies will be described, highlighting their effect on quality maintenance
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    Marine Phenolics : Extraction and Purification, Identification, Characterization and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502649 , 9783036502656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Phenolic compounds are an extremely diverse class of ubiquitous secondary metabolites produced by a variety of organisms playing different biological roles. They have numerous types of demonstrated bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, immunomodulator, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic activities. Marine organisms produce a vast collection of unique phenolic structures, some of them not found in terrestrial habitats. Progress in different aspects is rapidly advancing, and this Special Issue will provide updated information and recent studies on marine phenolics. Specially, this issue is focused on their chemical characterization, elucidation of their structures, evaluation of their biological properties and mechanisms of action, efficient extraction and purification technologies, development of value-added applications, as well as formulation of novel products
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    Genetics and Improvement of Forest Trees (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512426 , 9783036512433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement
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    Radiation Response Biomarkers for Individualised Cancer Treatments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516844 , 9783036516837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Personalised medicine is the next step in healthcare, especially when applied to genetically diverse diseases such as cancers. Naturally, a host of methods need to evolve alongside this, in order to allow the practice and implementation of individual treatment regimens. One of the major tasks for the development of personalised treatment of cancer is the identification and validation of a comprehensive, robust, and reliable panel of biomarkers that guide the clinicians to provide the best treatment to patients. This is indeed important with regards to radiotherapy; not only do biomarkers allow for the assessment of treatability, tumour response, and the radiosensitivity of healthy tissue of the treated patient. Furthermore, biomarkers should allow for the evaluation of the risks of developing adverse late effects as a result of radiotherapy such as second cancers and non-cancer effects, for example cardiovascular injury and cataract formation. Knowledge of all of these factors would allow for the development of a tailored radiation therapy regime. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalised Medicine covers the topic of Radiation Response Biomarkers in the context of individualised cancer treatments, and offers an insight into some of the further evolution of radiation response biomarkers, their usefulness in guiding clinicians, and their application in radiation therapy
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    Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging and Sensing Using Affordable Resources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511993 , 9783036511986
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The overarching goal of this book is to provide a current picture of the latest developments in the capabilities of biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing in an affordable setting, such as advances in the technology involving light sources, and delivery, acoustic detection, and image reconstruction and processing algorithms. This book includes 14 chapters from globally prominent researchers , covering a comprehensive spectrum of photoacoustic imaging topics from technology developments and novel imaging methods to preclinical and clinical studies, predominantly in a cost-effective setting. Affordability is undoubtedly an important factor to be considered in the following years to help translate photoacoustic imaging to clinics around the globe. This first-ever book focused on biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing using affordable resources is thus timely, especially considering the fact that this technique is facing an exciting transition from benchtop to bedside. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists and engineers in academia and industry, as well as medical experts interested in the clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging
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    Data Science: Measuring Uncertainties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507927 , 9783036507934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: With the increase in data processing and storage capacity, a large amount of data is available. Data without analysis does not have much value. Thus, the demand for data analysis is increasing daily, and the consequence is the appearance of a large number of jobs and published articles. Data science has emerged as a multidisciplinary field to support data-driven activities, integrating and developing ideas, methods, and processes to extract information from data. This includes methods built from different knowledge areas: Statistics, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, Information Science, and Engineering. This mixture of areas has given rise to what we call Data Science. New solutions to the new problems are reproducing rapidly to generate large volumes of data. Current and future challenges require greater care in creating new solutions that satisfy the rationality for each type of problem. Labels such as Big Data, Data Science, Machine Learning, Statistical Learning, and Artificial Intelligence are demanding more sophistication in the foundations and how they are being applied. This point highlights the importance of building the foundations of Data Science. This book is dedicated to solutions and discussions of measuring uncertainties in data analysis problems
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  • 93
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    Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515281 , 9783036515274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change discusses the issues of the impact of climate change factors (abiotic and biotic) on vegetation. This book also deals with simulation modeling approaches to understanding the long-term effects of different environmental factors on vegetation. This book is a valuable resource for the environmental science research community, including those interested in assessing climate change impacts on vegetation and researchers working on simulation modeling
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    P38 Signaling Pathway (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508580 , 9783036508597
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a group of evolutionary conserved protein kinases which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration and tumour formation. The interest in this group of protein kinases has grown continually since their discovery. Recent studies using new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing helpful information on the function of these stress-activated protein kinases and show that they have an acute impact on the development of prevalent diseases related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this Special Issue we present novel advances and review the knowledge on the identification of p38MAPK substrates, functions, and regulation; mechanisms underlying the role of p38MAPK in malignant transformation and other pathologies; and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of p38MAPK activity
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  • 95
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    Inverse Dynamics Problems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510668 , 9783036510675
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The inverse dynamics problem was developed in order to provide researchers with the state of the art in inverse problems for dynamic and vibrational systems. Contrasted with a forward problem, which solves for the system output in a straightforward manner, an inverse problem searches for the system input through a procedure contaminated with errors and uncertainties. An inverse problem, with a focus on structural dynamics, determines the changes made to the system and estimates the inputs, including forces and moments, to the system, utilizing measurements of structural vibration responses only. With its complex mathematical structure and need for more reliable input estimations, the inverse problem is still a fundamental subject of research among mathematicians and engineering scientists. This book contains 11 articles that touch upon various aspects of inverse dynamic problems
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  • 96
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    XoveTIC 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508566 , 9783036508573
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This volume of Proceedings gathers papers presented at XOVETIC2020 (A Coruña, Spain, 8–9 October 2020), a conference with the main goal of bringing together young researchers working in big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, HPC (High-performance computing), cybersecurity, bioinformatics, natural language processing, 5G, and other areas from the field of ICT (Information Communications Technology); and offering a platform to present the results of their research to a national audience in Portugal. This third edition aims to serve as the basis of this event, which will be consolidated over time and acquire international projection
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  • 97
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    Interfacial Dissipative Phenomena in Tribomechanical Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523934 , 9783036523927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book is a collection of articles on the themes of contact mechanics and non-linear dynamics. In particular, the contribution focus on the mechanisms that lead to interfacial energy dissipation, which is a crucial quantity to determine in order to correctly predict the non-linear dynamic response of mechanical systems. The book is a collection of nine journal papers, among those one editorial, one review paper, and seven articles. The papers consider different dissipative mechanisms, such as Coulomb friction, interfacial adhesion, and viscoelasticity, and study how the system response and stability is influenced by the interfacial interactions. The review paper describes old and recent test rigs for friction and wear measurements, focusing on their performance and range of operability
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  • 98
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    Screening, Identification, and Quantification of Nutritional Components and Phytochemicals in Foodstuffs (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520223 , 9783036520216
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book provides readers with a good overview of the status and exciting developments in the identification of health-promoting properties and potential applications of nutraceutical substances. It includes papers focused on modern analytical instrumentation and new methods and biological tests applied to the evaluation of plant foods, derived products, herbal products, and food supplements and the phytochemical characterization of innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds and relative health-promoting properties
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Ion-exchange in Glasses and Crystals: from Theory to Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519012 , 9783036519005
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications
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  • 100
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    Advanced Materials, Structures and Processing Technologies Based on Pulsed Laser (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527031 , 9783036527024
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies
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