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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (22,639)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 3
    E-Book
    E-Book
    How was life? (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/3d96efc5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    E-Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    E-Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Perspectives des migrations internationales (2006-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Paris : OECD Publishing. ; 2006-
    Details
    ISSN: 1999-1258 , 1993-0232
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    Dates of Publication: 2006-
    DDC: 304.80727
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Technological innovations ; Emigration and immigration Statistics
    Abstract: Publication annuelle de l’OCDE qui analyse l’évolution récente des mouvements et des politiques migratoires dans les pays de l’Organisation. Chaque édition contient les données statistiques les plus récentes sur les flux et les effectifs d’immigrés, les immigrés sur le marché du travail, et les politiques migratoires. Des rapports par pays contiennent des informations détaillées pour chaque pays de l’OCDE et des chapitres spéciaux sont consacrés à des thèmes d’actualité liés à l’immigration
    DOI: 10.1787/19991258
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    E-Journal
    HBZ
  • 6
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2021-2021.
    Details
    ISSN: 2709-8168
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    Dates of Publication: 2021-2021.
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Social stratification
    Abstract: This series features papers on the measurement agenda for well-being, inclusion, sustainability and equal opportunity as well as papers seeking to deepen the understanding of the drivers of these issues, the ways in which they interact and how they evolve. These papers are prepared by OECD staff, external experts or by outside consultants working on OECD projects
    DOI: 10.1787/4ca48f7c-en
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 7
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Country statistical profile : Japan (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Social indicators Periodicals ; Economic history Sources
    Abstract: This table includes data for Japan on economy, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health, information and communication, labour, migration, R & D, trade and society. The table is part of the key tables collection on country statistical profiles
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    E-Journal
    HBZ
  • 8
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Country statistical profile : Slovak Republic (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Social indicators Periodicals ; Economic history Sources
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    E-Journal
    HBZ
  • 9
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Dépenses sociales publiques de santé : En pourcentage du PIB (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Older people Care ; Age discrimination
    Abstract: Ce tableau comprend des données de dépenses sociales publiques de vieillesse, en pourcentage du PIB. Ce tableau fait partie des tableaux-clés sur les questions sociales
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 10
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Questions sociales : tableaux-clés de l'OCDE (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISSN: 2074-3912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Social indicators ; Social indicators Methodology
    Abstract: Les tableaux-clés sur les questions sociales comprennent des statistiques de dépenses publiques et privées. Elles incluent les dépenses sociales et les dépenses de santé, vieillesse et chômage. Les séries comprennent les huit dernières périodes disponibles
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 11
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Government social spending : Total public social expenditure as a percentage of GDP (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 302.13
    Keywords: Social policy ; Social choice ; Human services ; Government spending policy
    Abstract: This table includes data on total government social spending as a percentage of GDP. The table is part of the key table collection on social issues
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 12
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Life expectancy at birth, total population (2010-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 304.645
    Keywords: Life expectancy ; Life expectancy Cost effectiveness
    Abstract: This table includes data on life expectancy at birth, total population. The table is part of the key tables collection on health
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 13
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Femmes chercheurs : En pourcentage du total des chercheurs (personnes physiques) (2009-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 305.42
    Keywords: Women Social conditions ; Women Bio-bibliography
    Abstract: Ce tableau comprend des données sur les femmes chercheurs. Ce tableau fait partie des tableaux-clés sur la science et la technologie
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    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 14
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Espérance de vie à la naissance, femmes (2010-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 304.645
    Keywords: Life expectancy ; Life expectancy Economic aspects
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 15
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Espérance de vie à la naissance, population totale (2010-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 304.645
    Keywords: Life expectancy ; Life expectancy Cost effectiveness
    Abstract: Ce tableau comprend des données sur l'espérance de vie à la naissance, pour la population totale. Ce tableau fait partie des tableaux-clés sur la santé
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    E-Journal
    KOBV
    HBZ
  • 16
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Technologie de l'information et des communications (TIC) (2025)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 302.20285
    Keywords: Communication and technology
    Abstract: Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) se composent à la fois des différents types de réseaux de communication et des technologies utilisées sur ces réseaux. Le secteur des TIC se compose des activités de fabrication et de tous les services dont les produits permettent ou facilitent le traitement et la communication de l'information par voie électronique, y compris la transmission et l'affichage. Il est source de progrès technologique, de croissance de la production et de gains de productivité. Son impact s'observe soit directement, à travers sa contribution à la croissance de la production, de l'emploi ou de la productivité, soit indirectement, en tant que catalyseur d'un changement technologique qui s'étend à d'autres secteurs
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  • 17
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Population par région (2025)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 304.60112
    Keywords: Population forecasting
    Abstract: La typologie régionale de l'OCDE tient compte des différences géographiques et permet de réaliser des comparaisons pertinentes entre régions d'un même type. Trois catégories ont été définies : les régions essentiellement rurales, les régions intermédiaires et les régions essentiellement urbaines. Cette typologie repose sur le pourcentage de la population vivant dans les collectivités rurales. Elle a été affinée par l'ajout d'un critère d'éloignement, mesuré par la durée du trajet jusqu'au grand centre urbain le plus proche. Ainsi, une région essentiellement rurale sera classée dans la catégorie des " régions essentiellement rurales éloignées " si, pour un certain pourcentage de la population, le trajet jusqu'au grand centre urbain le plus proche est supérieur à une durée précise ; dans le cas contraire, elle sera classée dans les " régions essentiellement rurales proches d'une ville ". Cette typologie étendue a été appliquée à l'Amérique du Nord, l'Europe et au Japon
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  • 18
    E-Journal
    E-Journal
    Population by region (2025)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    DDC: 304.60112
    Keywords: Population forecasting
    Abstract: The OECD regional typology takes into account geographical differences and enables meaningful comparisons between regions belonging to the same type. Regions are classified as: predominantly rural, intermediate, or predominantly urban, based on the percentage of population living in local rural units. This typology has been refined by introducing a distance criterion, measured in the driving time to the nearest large urban centre. Thus, a predominantly rural region will be classified as a "predominantly rural remote region" if a certain percentage of its population needs more than a fixed time to reach the nearest large urban centre; otherwise, the rural region is classified as "predominantly rural close to a city". This extended typology has been applied to North America, Europe and Japan
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    KOBV
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  • 19
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Taming wildfires in the context of climate change: The case of the United States (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef69cc94-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    E-Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    E-Book
    E-Book
    The Global Minimum Tax and the taxation of MNE profit (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.68
    Keywords: Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globale Mindeststeuer ; Welt ; Taxation
    Abstract: The paper assesses the impact of the global minimum tax (GMT) on the taxation of multinational enterprises (MNEs), based on a comprehensive dataset capturing the global activities of large MNEs. It has four key findings. First, the GMT substantially reduces the incentives to shift profits. Second, the GMT is estimated to very substantially reduce low-taxed profit worldwide through lower profit shifting and top-up taxation. Third, the GMT is estimated to increase CIT revenues. Finally, the GMT is estimated to reduce tax rate differentials across jurisdictions with potential impacts on the allocation of investment and MNE activity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a815d6b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Lietuva: Šalies sveikatos profilis 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264770171
    Language: Lithuanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lithuania: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Šiame profilyje glaustai apžvelgiama Lietuvos sveikatos būklė ir sveikatos priežiūros sistema, atsižvelgiant į platesnę iniciatyvos "Sveikatos būklė ES" šalių sveikatos profilių seriją. Jame pateikiama glausta analizė, apimanti šiuos pagrindinius aspektus: dabartinę Lietuvos sveikatos būklę, sveikatą lemiančius veiksnius, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant elgsenos rizikos veiksniams, Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros sistemos organizavimą ir sveikatos sistemos veiksmingumo, prieinamumo ir atsparumo vertinimą. Be to, 2023 m. leidime pateikiamas teminis skyrius apie psichikos sveikatos būklę ir susijusias paslaugas Lietuvoje. Šis profilis yra bendras EBPO ir Europos sveikatos sistemų ir politikos observatorijos darbas, atliktas bendradarbiaujant su Europos Komisija.
    DOI: 10.1787/39e5feaa-lt
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Danmark: National sundhedsprofil 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264605626
    Language: Danish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Denmark: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denne profil giver et kortfattet og politisk fokuseret overblik over sundhedstilstanden og sundhedssystemet i Danmark, som en del af den bredere serie af nationale sundhedsprofiler fra initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den præsenterer en kortfattet analyse, der omfatter følgende nøgleaspekter: den aktuelle sundhedstilstand i Danmark; sundhedsdeterminanterne med fokus på adfærdsmæssige risikofaktorer; organiseringen af det danske sundhedssystem; og en evaluering af sundhedssystemets effektivitet, tilgængelighed og modstandsdygtighed. Desuden præsenterer 2023-udgaven et tematisk afsnit om mental sundhed og tilknyttede tjenester i Danmark. Denne profil er udarbejdet i samarbejde mellem OECD og European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, i samarbejde med Europa-Kommissionen.
    DOI: 10.1787/81d97e43-da
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Polska: Profil systemu ochrony zdrowia 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264769946
    Language: Polish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Poland: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: Niniejszy profil stanowi zwięzły i ukierunkowany na politykę przegląd stanu zdrowia i systemu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce, będący częścią szerszej serii krajowych profili zdrowotnych w ramach inicjatywy State of Health in the EU. Przedstawiono w nim zwięzłą analizę obejmującą następujące kluczowe aspekty: obecny stan zdrowia w Polsce; uwarunkowania zdrowia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem behawioralnych czynników ryzyka; organizację polskiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej; oraz ocenę skuteczności, dostępności i odporności systemu opieki zdrowotnej. Ponadto edycja 2023 zawiera sekcję tematyczną dotyczącą stanu zdrowia psychicznego i powiązanych z nim usług w Polsce. Niniejszy profil jest wspólnym wysiłkiem OECD i Europejskiego Obserwatorium Polityki i Systemów Opieki Zdrowotnej, realizowanym we współpracy z Komisją Europejską.
    DOI: 10.1787/b12d3d03-pl
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Patienteneinbeziehung zur Förderung der Patientensicherheit : Das Warum, Was und Wie der Patienteneinbeziehung zur Förderung der Patientensicherheit (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Patient engagement for patient safety: The why, what, and how of patient engagement for improving patient safety
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Die Ansichten von Patient*innen und Bürger*innen und ihr aktives Engagement sind entscheidend, um die Sicherheit und Personenzentriertheit der Gesundheitssysteme zu steigern. Auch im Hinblick auf die gemeinsame Konzeption der Gesundheitsdienstleistungen und Realisierung guter Gesundheitsergebnisse sowie den Aufbau von Vertrauen in die Gesundheitssysteme sind sie ein wesentlicher Faktor. Patient*innen, Familien, Versorgende und Bürger*innen können zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit auf allen Ebenen der Gesundheitssysteme beitragen: von der klinischen, lokalen, institutionellen Ebene (z. B. Krankenhaus, Pflegeheim) über die Gemeinschaftsebene (z. B. Primärversorgung, häusliche Pflege) bis zur nationalen Ebene. Der vorliegende Bericht, der sechste in der Reihe zur Ökonomie der Patientensicherheit, erfasst 1. die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Patienteneinbeziehung zur Förderung der Patientensicherheit, 2. die Ergebnisse einer Pilot-Datensammlung zur Messung von Sicherheitserfahrungen aus Patientensicht und 3. den Status der diesbezüglichen Initiativen in 21 Ländern, die an einer Snapshot-Umfrage teilgenommen haben. Darüber hinaus enthält er Empfehlungen zur Förderung einer stärkeren Patienteneinbeziehung in die Patientensicherheit.
    DOI: 10.1787/146ea438-de
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Посібник ОЕСР з публічної доброчесності (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264872363 , 9789264952157 , 9789264944343
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Public Integrity Handbook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manual de Integridade Pública da OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Handbuch Integrität im öffentlichen Leben
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD دليل النزاهة في القطاع العام
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manual de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel de l’OCDE sur l’intégrité publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Посібник ОЕСР з публічної доброчесності містить рекомендації для урядів, бізнесу та громадянського суспільства щодо впровадження Рекомендації ОЕСР з публічної доброчесності. Посібник роз'яснює, що означають тринадцять принципів Рекомендації на практиці, та визначає виклики, пов'язані з їх реалізацією. Посібник містить рекомендації щодо покращення співпраці всередині уряду, а також між національним та субнаціональним рівнями. Для розбудови культури доброчесності в уряді та суспільстві Посібник детально описує основні елементи системи управління людськими ресурсами на основі заслуг та ключові складові відкритої організаційної культури. Він також роз'яснює роль уряду в наданні рекомендацій компаніям, громадянському суспільству та громадянам щодо підтримання публічних цінностей доброчесності. Крім того, Посібник розкриває, як використовувати процес управління ризиками для оцінки та управління ризиками для доброчесності, а також висвітлює, як використовувати систему правозастосування для забезпечення реальної відповідальності за порушення принципів доброчесності.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b2fe28c-uk
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    E-Book
    E-Book
    KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM : PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Polish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Niniejszy Przewodnik stanowi plan działania dla samorządów lokalnych, społeczności i muzeów dotyczący wspólnego definiowania programu rozwoju lokalnego. Uwzględnia pięć wymiarów: 1. Wykorzystanie potencjału muzeów na rzecz lokalnego rozwoju -gospodarczego. 2. Wykorzystanie muzeów w rewitalizacji miast i rozwoju społeczności. 3. Wzmocnienie kulturowej świadomości i społecznej -kreatywności. 4. Promowanie muzeów jako miejsc integracji, zachowania zdrowia i dobrostanu. 5. Istotna rola muzeów w rozwoju lokalnym
    DOI: 10.1787/886042ae-pl
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    Rimettere in carreggiata la crescita della produttività del Trentino : Un confronto tra regioni “pari” (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bringing Trentino's productivity growth back on track: A comparison with OECD "peer" regions
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: La Provincia Autonoma di Trento (Trentino) è tra le regioni più produttive d'Europa, ma negli ultimi due decenni la crescita della sua produttività è stata stagnante. Di conseguenza, il divario di produttività del Trentino è aumentato di oltre il 20% rispetto a regioni con lo stesso livello di produttività nel 2000. L'analisi comparativa dei fattori di produttività del Trentino con quelli delle regioni "pari" evidenzia diverse priorità di politica economica. Queste includono: rilanciare la produttività nei settori commerciabili, anche attraverso una maggiore internazionalizzazione; aumentare la quota di forza lavoro con un'istruzione terziaria; e ottenere di più dalla R&S pubblica, incentivando al contempo la R&S del settore privato.
    DOI: 10.1787/01229edf-it
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    Lost in the green transition? Measurement and stylized facts (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1796
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Greening the economy entails jobs contracting in “high-polluting” economic activities and expanding in environment-friendly activities. Minimizing the corresponding transition costs is crucial to accelerate decarbonisation and reduce displacement costs for affected workers. Using individual-level labour force data for a large sample of European countries, this paper finds that the shares of green and high-polluting jobs remained approximately stable between 2009 and 2019, hinting at a slow or yet-to-come green transition in labour markets. Green and high-polluting jobs are unequally distributed across socioeconomic groups: women are under-represented in both green and high-polluting jobs, while green jobs are associated with higher educational attainment, and high-polluting jobs with lower educational attainment. Equally important from a policy perspective, the results show that high-polluting jobs are concentrated in rural areas. These results are confirmed by analyzing labour market transitions: for instance, while women are more likely to transition from study to job, they are significantly less likely to get a green job. Overall, the results suggest that well designed and targeted policies are needed to support efficient and inclusive labour market transitions in the greening economy: to minimize scarring effects for displaced workers, help individuals’ upskilling and reskilling, and support the matching between workers and jobs in higher demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/dce1d5fe-en
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    Enhancing Rural Innovation in Canada (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264768413 , 9789264502260 , 9789264388628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Innovation ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Ländlicher Raum ; Kanada ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: Innovation is broader than science and technology, yet often statistics and government programmes narrowly focus on this type of innovation. In rural places, this is particularly relevant as not all firms have the capacity to be competitive in high-tech innovation. With around one in five Canadians living in Canada’s rural regions, better understanding how to promote broader notions of innovation for rural places by increasing entrepreneurship, including for women, advancing the green transition, and improving the provision of services is critical to boost rural productivity, and increase well-being standards. The report sets the scene for rural innovation in Canada, explores the policy and governance environment for key regional innovation initiatives, and includes a special topic chapter on green innovation in rural regions of Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9919c66-en
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    Examen par les pairs de l’échange automatique de renseignements sur les comptes financiers - Mise à jour 2023 (version abrégée) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264734746 , 9789264550469 , 9789264645691
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Review of the Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information 2023 Update
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est un organisme multilatéral pour la transparence fiscale et l'échange de renseignements, au sein duquel plus de 170 juridictions participent sur un pied d'égalité. Le Forum mondial surveille et examine la mise en œuvre des normes internationales d'échange de renseignements sur demande (ERD) et d'échange automatique de renseignements (EAR). L'EAR prévoit l'échange automatique annuel d'un ensemble prédéfini de renseignements sur les comptes financiers entre les autorités fiscales, afin de les aider à s'assurer que le montant correct de l'impôt est payé. Pour s'assurer que la norme EAR est pleinement efficace, le Forum mondial procède à un examen des cadres juridiques nationaux et internationaux de chaque juridiction pour vérifier qu'ils sont complets, ainsi qu'à un examen de l'efficacité de la norme EAR dans la pratique. Ce rapport présente les dernières conclusions des examens par les pairs des cadres juridiques mis en place par les juridictions pour mettre en œuvre la norme EAR. Il complète les évaluations des cadres juridiques et les premiers examens de l'efficacité de leur mise en œuvre dans la pratique publiés en 2022, pour une centaine de juridictions qui ont été les premières à s'engager à débuter l'EAR. Il contient également les résultats des premiers examens par les pairs du Forum mondial concernant l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre de la norme par les juridictions commençant les échanges en 2019.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9381ca3-fr
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    Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/07
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce guide fournit une feuille de route aux gouvernements locaux, aux communautés et aux musées sur la manière de définir ensemble un programme de développement local. Il prend en compte cinq dimensions : Exploiter le pouvoir des musées en faveur du développement économique local ; 2. S’appuyer sur le rôle des musées pour la réhabilitation urbaine et le développement de la communauté ; 3. Créer des sociétés ouvertes à la culture et créatives ; 4. Faire des musées des espaces d’inclusion, de santé et de bien-être ; 5. Placer les musées au cœur du développement local.
    DOI: 10.1787/225d30d4-fr
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    Environmental domain tagging in the OECD PINE database (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents tagging methodologies for 22 environmental domains in the OECD Policy INstruments for the Environment (PINE) database, including seven domains on environmental protection (air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste, ozone layer, noise and radiation), six domains on natural resource management (fisheries, forests, freshwater, renewable energy, fossil fuels and minerals) and nine cross-cutting domains (climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, land degradation, biodiversity, ocean, chemicals management, energy efficiency, circular economy and mercury). The environmental domains in the PINE database support tracking progress towards domestic and international environmental objectives. Tagging environmental domains allows harmonised comparisons across countries, years and policy instrument types.
    DOI: 10.1787/be984b0a-en
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    Reforma învățământului preuniversitar în România : Consolidarea sistemelor de conducere, de evaluare și de sprijin (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforming school education in Romania: Strengthening governance, evaluation and support systems
    Keywords: Education ; Romania
    Abstract: Romania’s education system is at a turning point. In 2023, the government passed a new law on school education that sets out significant changes to how schooling is provided, governed and resourced. These changes come at a critical time for the country’s development. While Romania is one of Europe’s fastest-growing economies, its education outcomes remain among the lowest in the European Union. The measures in the new law are crucial for ensuring quality education, fostering economic growth and enhancing inclusivity. This policy perspective offers recommendations on how to take forward planned reforms. It focuses on four specific sets of policies that will be instrumental in improving school quality and equity: school evaluation and support; resources for education; the teaching profession; and the data and monitoring system. At the centre of these are proposals to make teaching a highly skilled and rewarding profession by better connecting performance, promotion and pay, and progressively strengthening schools’ pedagogical leadership through developmental school evaluations and support. At a strategic level, Romania will need a step change in how education policies are funded and evaluated. This implies more strategic planning and budgeting to align resources with long-term policy priorities, and much-expanded analytical capacities to monitor and evaluate implementation and outcomes and hold institutions accountable.
    DOI: 10.1787/943c9230-ro
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    Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Luxembourg : Phase 4 Report (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264565173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mise en œuvre de la Convention de l'OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption par le Luxembourg : Rapport de Phase 4
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Luxemburg ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This Phase 4 report on Luxembourg by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Luxembourg’s implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2021 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery during its plenary meeting on 5-8 March 2024.
    DOI: 10.1787/c328b3e7-en
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    Prevention of Tax Treaty Abuse – Sixth Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 6 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765832 , 9789264760912 , 9789264655096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (325 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prévention de l’utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales – Sixième rapport d’examen par les pairs sur le chalandage fiscal : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 6
    Keywords: Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Under the BEPS Action 6 minimum standard on treaty shopping, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS have committed to strengthen their tax treaties by implementing anti-abuse measures. This report reflects the outcome of the sixth peer review of the implementation of the BEPS Action 6 minimum standard on treaty shopping. It includes the aggregate results of the review and data on tax treaties concluded by the members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS as of 31 May 2023, as well as jurisdictional sections which contain detailed information for each member jurisdiction.
    DOI: 10.1787/36cebf8e-en
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    A Roadmap towards Circular Economy of North Macedonia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264832619 , 9789264815957 , 9789264377301
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Nordmazedonien ; Environment ; Economics ; Albania
    Abstract: This roadmap is designed to aid North Macedonia’s government in establishing a solid policy foundation for a successful transition to a circular economy. As an EU candidate country, North Macedonia has pledged to align with European climate objectives, endorsing the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, with a particular focus on the circular economy transition. Acknowledging the pivotal role of this transition in national and regional development and actively addressing challenges posed by climate change, reliance on imported raw materials and increased waste, North Macedonia is ready for a strategic framework and concrete actions to initiate this transformative process. Derived from a comprehensive diagnostic of North Macedonia’s circular economy landscape, the roadmap strategically integrates existing policy initiatives, fostering synergies across sectors, measures and involved actors. It emphasises five key areas – circular business models for SMEs, construction, biomass and food, textile industry and mining and metallurgy – revealing over 40 policy recommendations. These recommendations, supported by a monitoring framework, are poised to be a cornerstone for propelling North Macedonia towards a more sustainable and circular future.
    DOI: 10.1787/1973c88c-en
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    Pratiques fiscales dommageables – Rapports d’examen par les pairs relatifs à l’échange de renseignements sur les décisions fiscales de 2022 (version abrégée) : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 5 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264483118 , 9789264620575 , 9789264836396
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmful Tax Practices – 2022 Peer Review Reports on the Exchange of Information on Tax Rulings: Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Dans le cadre du standard minimum de l'Action 5 du Projet BEPS, les membres du Cadre inclusif OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base et le transfert de bénéfices (BEPS) se sont engagés à lutter contre les pratiques fiscales dommageables en mettant l'accent sur l'amélioration de la transparence. Le standard minimum de l’Action 5 comprend la transparence par voie de l'échange spontané obligatoire de renseignements pertinents sur les décisions spécifiques aux contribuables. L'échange de renseignements sur les décisions fiscales est un outil essentiel pour améliorer l'accès des administrations fiscales aux informations pertinentes pour évaluer la situation fiscale de leurs entreprises contribuables et pour lutter efficacement contre l'évasion fiscale et autres risques liés au BEPS. Plus de 140 pays et juridictions participent au Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS et prennent part au processus d'examen par les pairs pour évaluer leur conformité au cadre de transparence. Des termes de référence spécifiques et une méthodologie ont été convenues pour les examens par les pairs, axant l'évaluation sur cinq éléments clés : le processus de collecte d'informations, l'échange de renseignements, la confidentialité des informations reçues, les statistiques sur les échanges de décisions et la transparence sur certains aspects des régimes de propriété intellectuelle. Ce rapport reflète les résultats du septième examen annuelle par les pairs de la mise en œuvre du standard minimum de l'Action 5. Le présent recueil inclut les versions en français des rapports d’examen du Bénin, du Burkina, du Congo, de la France, de Gabon, du Maroc, de la République démocratique du Congo et du Sénégal.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ed92692-fr
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    Geographic inequalities in accessibility of essential services (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.307
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: People’s ability to access essential services is key to their labour market and social inclusion. An important dimension of accessibility is physical accessibility, but little cross-country evidence exists on how close people live to the services facilities they need. This paper helps to address this gap, focusing on three types of essential services: Public Employment Services, primary schools and Early Childhood Education and Care. It collects and maps data on the location of these services for a selection of OECD countries and links them with data on population and transport infrastructure. This allows to compute travel times to the nearest service facility and to quantify disparities in accessibility at the regional level. The results highlight substantial inequalities in accessibility of essential services across and within countries. Although large parts of the population can easily reach these services in most countries, some people are relatively underserved. This is particularly the case in non-metropolitan and low-income regions. At the same time, accessibility seems to be associated with the potential demand for these services once accounting for other regional economic and demographic characteristics.
    DOI: 10.1787/12bab9fb-en
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    Baseline Report of the Fifth Round of Monitoring of Anti-Corruption Reforms in Armenia : The Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264976177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Armenien ; Governance ; Armenia
    Abstract: The fifth round of monitoring under the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan assesses Armenia’s anti-corruption practices and reforms against a set of indicators, benchmarks and elements under nine performance areas that focus on anti-corruption policy, prevention of corruption and enforcement. The report analyses Armenia’s efforts to build anti-corruption institutions, its measures to detect, investigate and prosecute corruption cases and identifies areas for improvement. A follow-up report evaluating Armenia's progress in these areas will follow.
    DOI: 10.1787/fb158bf9-en
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    Impact Evaluation of Training and Wage Subsidies for the Unemployed in Greece (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264622098 , 9789264664272 , 9789264483170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Lohnsubvention ; Weiterbildung ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Griechenland ; Employment ; Greece
    Abstract: This report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Greece to evaluate the impact of two types of active labour market policies (ALMPs): wage subsidies and training for unemployed people. The report finds a positive impact of both types of ALMPs and makes recommendations for further improving the effectiveness of Greece’s ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the authorities to conduct ALMP impact evaluations. This report is the twelfth in a series of country reports on policies to connect people with better jobs. It was produced as part of the OECD’s project with the European Commission which aims to raise the quality of the data collected and their use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of ALMPs.
    DOI: 10.1787/4b908517-en
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    Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-Based Management for Sustainable Development (Second Edition) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264389304
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Glossary defines concepts and terms commonly used in evaluation and results-based management. It provides a shared understanding to support the design, management, monitoring and evaluation of interventions for sustainable development. As a reference document, it is helpful for those commissioning, managing, or conducting evaluations, as well as people involved in strategy or programme development, management and implementation. While originally developed for international development co-operation, the Glossary can be applied in any field of public policy and is also useful for civil society, academia, and other non-state actors. This second edition includes updated content, including new definitions for the widely used evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – endorsed by the OECD Development Assistance Committee in 2019. It also provides minor updates to the original text to reflect current good practice. As concepts and language are constantly evolving, the document will be revisited and updated in due course.
    DOI: 10.1787/82fbdfda-en-mn
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    Competition and regulation in professions and occupations (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers no.307
    Keywords: Berufsrecht ; Regulierung ; Wettbewerb ; Beruf ; Freie Berufe ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The regulation of occupations is widespread, extending beyond the liberal professions, such as lawyers and engineers, to a broader set of other economic activities. Competition authorities have long been active in improving competition in these markets, both through enforcement action and by advocating to make regulation more pro-competitive. This paper aims to support competition authorities’ advocacy efforts. It includes an overview of the literature about the effects of regulation of professional services, which competition authorities can draw on to advocate for the benefits of less restrictive regulation where appropriate. The paper also brings together analytical frameworks developed by the OECD and jurisdictions such as Australia, the US and EU to assess regulatory barriers to competition. The paper further draws on case studies of advocacy efforts from competition authorities across a range of OECD member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/218869f5-en
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    Insights for designing mitigation elements in the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Agreement is underpinned by Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in which Parties set out how they plan to support the Agreement’s long-term temperature goal. Parties are to submit their next NDCs by early 2025, informed by the first global stocktake (GST1). The GST1 sets out key signals and a series of mitigation focused calls in line with 1.5°C pathways that can guide the next generation of NDCs. This paper explores how Parties can prepare enhanced NDCs that take forward GST1 outcomes on mitigation and relevant provisions on NDCs, building on lessons learned from successive NDCs and available follow-up opportunities to support this process. Insights from experiences highlight the interlinkages between enhancing NDC ambition and implementation. Ambitious NDCs underpinned by robust implementation plans and accompanying investment plans can ensure NDCs are action oriented, implementation ready and investable. At the same time, adopting whole-of-government, whole-of-society approaches to NDCs can foster a sense of national ownership and increase social acceptance, leading to more ambitious NDCs and support subsequent implementation. The paper also explores potential guidance that could be relevant for negotiations on NDC features in 2024. While recognising the nationally determined character of NDCs, Parties could use these negotiations to provide clarity on new issues that have emerged since the Paris Agreement was adopted and on existing elements that could benefit from clarification. When addressing negotiations on NDC features, Parties may also want to consider a longer-term perspective beyond the next NDCs and links with other relevant negotiation processes on reporting and transparency.
    DOI: 10.1787/b70a88ef-en
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    Labour markets transitions in the greening economy : Structural drivers and the role of policies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1803
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change mitigation policies affect the allocation of workers on the labor market: jobs in high-polluting industries will contract, while jobs in the “green” sector will grow. A just transition in the labour market requires policies to improve the allocation of workers and their deployability, for instance towards performing green tasks; as well as to manage and minimise scarring effects associated with job losses in polluting industries. Using an econometric analysis, this paper investigates the role of structural and policy factors in shaping a number of relevant labour market transitions, uncovering heterogeneity across different groups of workers. Education is the most important individual-level driver of transitions from non-employment to green jobs, with a particularly strong effect from graduating in scientific fields for young people entering the labour market. Women are significantly less likely than men to move into green jobs out of non-employment. Workers employed in high-polluting occupations face higher displacement risks than other workers, but this does not translate into higher long-term unemployment risks. In terms of policies, the paper finds that the labour market implications of the greening economy can be addressed by general structural policies favouring labour market efficiency in terms of workers’ reallocation, labour market inclusiveness in terms of promoting equality of opportunities and minimising long-term scars. Results also suggest that place-based policies are needed to mitigate scarring effects for displaced workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8007e8f-en
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    The potential impact of Artificial Intelligence on equity and inclusion in education (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.23
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Bildungschancen ; Soziale Integration ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This working paper reviews the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on equity and inclusion in education, focusing on learner-centred, teacher-led and other institutional AI tools. It highlights the potential of AI in adapting learning while also addressing challenges such as access issues, inherent biases and the need for comprehensive teacher training. The paper emphasises the importance of balancing the potential benefits of AI with ethical considerations and the risk of exacerbating existing disparities. It highlights the need to address privacy and ethical concerns, enhance cultural responsiveness, manage techno ableism and provide continuing professional learning in AI. Additionally, the paper stresses the importance of maintaining educational integrity amidst growing commercial influence. It encourages research on AI tools’ implications for equity and inclusion to ensure that AI adoption in education supports a more equitable and inclusive learning environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/15df715b-en
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    La budgétisation verte dans le gouvernement du Canada (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Green budgeting in the Government of Canada
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Ce document examine les pratiques du gouvernement du Canada en matière de budgétisation verte par rapport au Cadre de budgétisation verte de l'OCDE et les meilleures pratiques des pays membres de l'OCDE. Il met l’accent sur les efforts déployés par le Canada visant à améliorer ses rapports sur les dépenses supplémentaires dans le budget fédéral liées aux objectifs climatiques et environnementaux, et à renforcer le recours à la budgétisation verte parallèlement à d’autres initiatives budgétaires stratégiques au sein du gouvernement fédéral. L'OCDE a accordé une attention particulière aux objectifs de la Loi canadienne sur la responsabilité en matière de carboneutralité, du Cadre pour la qualité de vie, du Cadre des résultats relatifs aux genres, y compris l'outil d'analyse comparative entre les sexes Plus (ACS Plus), et de la Directive du Cabinet de 2024 sur l'évaluation environnementale et économique stratégique et de son outil d'appui, l’Optique de climat, de nature et d'économie.
    DOI: 10.1787/6a417954-fr
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    A fight on two fronts : Adapting to climate change and reducing GHG emissions in New Zealand (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1815
    Keywords: Economics ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand, like other countries, needs to address climate change on two fronts simultaneously. Adapting to a hotter world while meeting its emissions reduction targets. New Zealand will need to become better prepared for more extreme weather that climate change will bring about. Councils will need new sources of revenue to fund the infrastructure that adaptation requires. Maintaining a comprehensive package of private insurance for climate-related losses with sharper premium price signals will also be essential. Developing a long-term energy strategy that weighs up all the main options for reducing emissions, while ensuring security of supply in a hotter world, is also crucial. New Zealand has made important strides to strengthen the policy framework for reducing GHG emissions. An important part of the framework is the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). However, the ETS should be reviewed with a focus on the treatment of carbon removals through afforestation. New Zealand’s next overall emissions reduction plan should be underpinned by a rigorous and comprehensive cost-benefit comparison of the different emissions reduction options.
    DOI: 10.1787/02936374-en
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    Updated framework for monitoring adult learning : Enhancing data identification and indicator selection (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.317
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Bewertung ; Education
    Abstract: The Network on Labour market, economic, and social outcomes of learning (LSO Expert Network) has diligently worked on the selection of indicators for monitoring adult learning policies. Their inaugural theoretical framework on adult learning, published in 2013, covered a broad spectrum of policy areas. This comprehensive scope reflected both the focus of existing data sources and the challenges encountered in data collection efforts. Over the past decade, significant policy shifts have occurred, reshaping adult learning systems both domestically and internationally. Concurrently, there have been improvements in the availability and frequency of data pertaining to adult learning. In response to these developments, this working paper presents an updated theoretical framework on adult learning, aiming to enhance the identification of statistical data concerning adult learning systems and facilitate the selection of pertinent indicators for monitoring purposes. Additionally, the paper offers detailed insights into national priorities and practices within this domain.
    DOI: 10.1787/02bbacdc-en
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    Cadre relatif à la gouvernance anticipative des technologies émergentes (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Les technologies émergentes peuvent être source d’avantages sans précédent dans les domaines de la santé, de l’énergie, du climat, des systèmes alimentaires et de la biodiversité. Cela dit, ces technologies et leur convergence présentent parfois des risques pour la vie privée, la sécurité, l’équité et les droits humains. Cette dualité impose aux pouvoirs publics de mieux anticiper les bouleversements et de créer les conditions requises pour que le développement technologique favorise la prospérité économique, la résilience, la sécurité et la recherche de solutions aux problèmes sociétaux. Fondé sur les travaux antérieurs et les instruments juridiques de l’OCDE, le présent cadre fournit aux pouvoirs publics, aux autres acteurs de l’innovation et à la société dans son ensemble les moyens d’anticiper les problèmes de gouvernance, de les traiter en amont et de renforcer les capacités dans ce domaine à plus long terme afin d’orienter plus efficacement l’innovation. Le principe de « gouvernance anticipative des technologies » sur lequel il repose est composé de cinq éléments interdépendants et outils de gouvernance connexes : (1) des valeurs directrices, (2) le renseignement stratégique, (3) la mobilisation des parties prenantes, (4) une réglementation agile et (5) la coopération internationale. La manière dont chacun de ces éléments s’applique dépend du contexte dans lequel s’inscrivent les technologies émergentes.
    DOI: 10.1787/a48858ef-fr
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    Addressing labour and skills shortages in a fast-changing economy (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1811
    Keywords: Economics ; Denmark
    Abstract: The Danish labour market is strong, but tensions have increased since the pandemic. The post-pandemic recovery boosted labour demand, but structural factors, such as late labour market entry by the young, changing skills requirements and obstacles to the recruitment of migrants, contribute to persistent shortages and impact the wider economy. Lowering the effective tax rate on labour income could reduce disincentives to higher working hours and to moving from part-time to full-time employment. Adapting the workplace to an ageing population and adjusting early retirement schemes could help to extend working lives. Targeting the tenth grade to students with greater learning needs, reducing student allowances and introducing an income-contingent loan system for master’s students could also encourage faster entry into the labour market. There is room to increase the recruitment of foreign-born workers, as well as improving their integration. The demographic, digital and green transitions will transform jobs and skills requirements, demanding an agile education and training system throughout the working life. Encouraging vocational education and training, notably by facilitating mobility between vocational and academic tracks, would ensure strong skills in areas where workers are lacking.
    DOI: 10.1787/757311cb-en
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    Interim measures in abuse of dominance investigations in Latin America and the Caribbean (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers no.312
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Medidas cautelares en investigaciones de abuso de posición dominante en América Latina y el Caribe
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Interim measures are enforcement tools available to competition authorities to prevent harm to competition that may occur before a final decision on the existence of an infringement. Most often these decisions are related to an ongoing business practice that may potentially constitute an abuse of dominance infringement, when a dominant market player illegally engages in practices limiting competition. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, most competition authorities dispose of interim measures in their legal frameworks and many have used them in past years (e.g. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Paraguay and Peru). This paper provides an overview of the state of play of interim measures in the region covering legal frameworks, recent enforcement experiences, as well as challenges and particularities of LAC countries. The paper highlights that interim measures represent a powerful tool for competition authorities and should be carefully used to mitigate enforcement errors and related reputation risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/277a60aa-en
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    New perspectives on measuring cybersecurity (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.366
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Measuring the various aspects of cybersecurity across countries is challenging, in part because the actors in the cybersecurity ecosystem often do not have the incentives to share key data. At the same time, people, firms and governments need to feel secure to communicate online and use Internet-based services. This statistical report provides an overview of how cybersecurity is being measured across a variety of data sources and using different methodological approaches. Beginning with a checklist of measurement considerations, the report then discusses existing data from official and non-official sources, identifying when each data source is most useful. The report then provides two proofs of concepts for measuring uncertainty related to cyber risks, or “cybersecurity uncertainty”. Measuring such uncertainty can complement existing statistics and help anticipate emerging cybersecurity trends, develop more targeted cybersecurity awareness programmes, and promote a more secure and resilient digital ecosystem.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1e31997-en
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    Determining the Price of Minerals : A Transfer Pricing Framework for Lithium (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prix des minéraux : Cadre de détermination des prix de transfert du lithium
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Determinación del precio de los minerales : Un marco en materia de precios de transferencia para el litio
    Keywords: Lithium ; Verrechnungspreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Taxation
    Abstract: In the mining sector, government revenue depends on mineral products being priced and measured accurately. This can be especially complex for semi-processed minerals such as lithium, which is primarily used for battery production. The schedule presented in this report applies the mineral pricing framework – as documented in the joint OECD/IGF work Determining the Price of Minerals: A Transfer Pricing Framework – to identify the primary economic factors that influence the price of lithium in applying the Comparable Uncontrolled Price method and ensure that developing countries are able to tax lithium exports appropriately.
    DOI: 10.1787/a607ff0a-en
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    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of Thailand (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264501188 , 9789264975781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (185 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Energiewende ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Investition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Thailand ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Thailand
    Abstract: Thailand has adopted ambitious clean energy targets to meet its long-term climate goals, committing to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 and net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2065. Transforming Thailand’s energy system, alongside broader development objectives, is critical to meeting these goals as the energy sector accounts for 69% of Thailand’s total GHG emissions. The Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of Thailand (“the Roadmap”) outlines key actions to unlock finance and investment in two clean energy sectors: (i) renewable power, with special attention to small-scale renewable power systems; and (ii) energy efficiency in buildings, with a focus on cooling applications. The two sectors were selected in close consultation with the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) of the Ministry of Energy of Thailand. The Roadmap provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date, policy context and challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, as well as estimates of the finance needs to reach Thailand’s clean energy plans. The report also includes a roadmap action plan, suggesting non-prescriptive recommendations and actions that the Government of Thailand, financial institutions, energy service companies, academia and the international development community active in the country could undertake to foster clean energy investments in Thailand.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0cd6ffc-en
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    Tackling Violence Against Women in the Middle East and North Africa : Governance and Victim/Survivor-Centred Approaches (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264755345 , 9789264565166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Violence against women (VAW) and girls exists in all countries and across all socio-economic groups, with around one in three women experiencing sexual and physical violence in their lifetime worldwide. This issue was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, intensifying the need for urgent action to eradicate it. Many governments, including in the MENA region, have enacted policies and programmes to tackle VAW. However, limited strategic planning, long-term investment in services, and co-ordinated responses among public institutions and actors involved in the implementation of VAW strategies have made it difficult to break the VAW cycle. Drawing on data collected through the 2022 OECD Survey on Strengthening Governance and Victim/survivor-centric Approaches to end Violence Against Women in MENA Countries, this report provides an overview of MENA countries’ efforts to develop whole-of-government VAW responses, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and with a view to help anticipate future crises. It assesses the gaps that hinder progress towards achieving lives free from violence for all women and girls and provides recommendations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the policy and institutional frameworks across MENA countries in addressing VAW.
    DOI: 10.1787/e359bcfc-en
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    OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264404557 , 9789264626508
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Bericht zu Künstlicher Intelligenz in Deutschland
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Deutschland ; Science and Technology ; Germany
    Abstract: This report provides an international benchmarking of Germany’s artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem and discusses progress in implementing its national AI strategy. The report draws on quantitative and qualitative data and insights from the OECD.AI Policy Observatory and from the OECD Programme on AI in Work, Innovation, Productivity and Skills (AI-WIPS) – an OECD research programme financed by the German Federal Government – and results from a series of interviews with a wide range of stakeholders in Germany. The review discusses Germany’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges in AI, and provides recommendations to steer AI policy in Germany in the coming years. The evidence is presented according to the core focus areas outlined in Germany’s national AI strategy, which include: 1) minds; 2) research; 3) transfer and applications; 4) the world of work; 5) policy and regulatory frameworks; and 6) society. Furthermore, the report discusses AI infrastructure and it includes three sector spotlights on AI in the public sector, AI and environmental sustainability and AI and healthcare.
    DOI: 10.1787/609808d6-en
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    Test No. 253: Short-term juvenile hormone (JH) activity screening assay in Daphnia magna (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264850828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai n°253 : Dépistage à court terme de l’activité de l’hormone juvénile sur Daphnia magna
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline (TG) describes a short-term juvenile hormone (JH) activity screening assay using Daphnia magna to detect the potential of chemicals with JH activity. The JHASA was designed as a screen assay which evaluates male offspring production in the parthenogenetic daphnid.
    DOI: 10.1787/03cb5c08-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – Simplified Peer Review, Mauritius (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264668041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Mauritius ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Mauritius
    Abstract: Under BEPS Action 14, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The initial peer review process was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assessed countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focused on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. Following the conclusion of the initial peer review process in 2022, a continued monitoring process has started whereby all Inclusive Framework member jurisdictions will be subject to continued monitoring: jurisdictions that have "meaningful MAP experience" would undergo a full peer review process once every four years and those that do not would undergo a two-stage simplified peer review process. This report reflects the outcome of Stage 1 of the simplified peer review of the implementation of the BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard by Mauritius.
    DOI: 10.1787/d3a8cf7e-en
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    The Digital Transformation of Norway's Public Sector (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264681835 , 9789264387065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Digitalisierung ; E-Government ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: While Norway is a leader in digital government amongst OECD countries − ranking 4th overall in the 2023 OECD Digital Government Index − there is scope to improve the efficiency, efficacy, and innovation of Norway’s public sector through digitalisation. This report reviews Norway's digitalisation efforts since its 2017 OECD Digital Government Review and provides recommendations to help the government develop a new strategy for digital transformation. It looks at eight areas ranging from digital governance and digital government investments to artificial intelligence, digital talent and service design and delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/1620e542-en
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    Shaping Norway’s Digital Future (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264317055 , 9789264977587
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Digitalpolitik ; Norwegen ; Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: As the pace of technological change accelerates, reaching the digital frontier – and staying there – is increasingly challenging. This report analyses Norway’s digital performance, policies and priorities to inform the development of a new national digital strategy that seeks to sharpen Norway’s competitive edge and ensure that digital transformation benefits all Norwegians. It outlines the digital priorities and trends that will shape Norway’s digital future and maps its digital policy ecosystem. The report further assesses Norway’s digital performance based on the OECD Going Digital Toolkit dashboard of indicators and analyses its digital policies through the lens of the OECD Going Digital Integrated Policy Framework. It concludes with policy recommendations to achieve a more digital, innovative and inclusive Norway.
    DOI: 10.1787/d3af799c-en
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    Inspecteurs des impôts sans frontières – Rapport annuel 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264697102
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inspectores fiscales sin fronteras - Informe anual 2024
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Inspectors Without Borders Annual Report 2024
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: Le chapitre 1 permet de replacer l’initiative IISF dans un paysage de la fiscalité et du développement qui évolue rapidement. Le chapitre 2 dresse un état des lieux des programmes et des activités de l’IISF. Le chapitre 3 renseigne sur les domaines actuels et futurs couverts par l’assistance technique de l’IISF. Le chapitre 4 met en lumière les résultats obtenus au cours de l’année écoulée. Le chapitre 5 décrit la participation de l’IISF aux grands événements internationaux et ses efforts de communication. Enfin, le chapitre 6 expose le plan de travail élaboré pour l’année à venir et fait le point sur la réalisation des objectifs de l’an dernier.
    DOI: 10.1787/a614997d-fr
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – Simplified Peer Review, Seychelles (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264530225
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Seychellen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Seychelles
    Abstract: Under BEPS Action 14, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The initial peer review process was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assessed countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focused on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. Following the conclusion of the initial peer review process in 2022, a continued monitoring process has started whereby all Inclusive Framework member jurisdictions will be subject to continued monitoring: jurisdictions that have "meaningful MAP experience" would undergo a full peer review process once every four years and those that do not would undergo a two-stage simplified peer review process. This report reflects the outcome of Stage 1 of the simplified peer review of the implementation of the BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard by Seychelles.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef6ffeec-en
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    Combatting High-level Corruption in Eastern Europe : Insights and Solutions (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264350793 , 9789264739673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Osteuropa ; Governance
    Abstract: The study presents an analysis of the state of play in the fight against high-level corruption in Eastern Europe, with a focus on Eastern Partnership countries, highlighting the key underlying factors contributing to high-level corruption in the region – oligarchs and organised crime. It advocates for establishing a specialised anti-corruption institutional framework as a key solution. It details recent institutional developments and underscores the need to ensure real independence of anti-corruption agencies, provide them with sufficient resources and develop analytical capacities. The report also highlights the importance of strengthening co-operation with whistleblowers and investigative journalists and building a partnership between civil society and businesses. The study also calls on countries to address legislative deficiencies, such as complex mechanisms for lifting immunities, time limits for investigations and low statutes of limitations.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c82f87d-en
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    Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Serbia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264952409 , 9789264964556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Serbien ; Development ; Economics ; Serbia
    Abstract: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/3699c0d5-en
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    Environmental Justice : Context, Challenges and National Approaches (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264880269 , 9789264421233
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Justicia ambiental : Contexto, retos y estrategias nacionales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Justice environnementale : Contexte, défis et approches nationales
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Gerechtigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment
    Abstract: There is mounting evidence that, depending on social and economic circumstances, some communities and groups may face disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, bear an inequitable share of the costs associated with environmental policies or face more barriers to participating in environmental decision-making. As countries increase their efforts to tackle environmental degradation, pollution and climate change, the concept of environmental justice can shed light on how to ensure fairness in the processes and outcomes of environmental policymaking. This report examines the plurality of the concept of environmental justice, its underlying conceptual pillars and how it has emerged in different contexts around the world. The report also provides the first policy stocktake of how governments across the OECD and beyond are seeking to redress environmental justice concerns, building upon insights from 26 responses to the OECD Environmental Justice Survey as well as complementary desk analysis across a broader set of countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/57616eb4-en
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    Driving Performance at Brazil’s National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264916937 , 9789264361652
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impulsionando o desempenho da Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico do Brasil
    Keywords: Governance ; Brazil
    Abstract: As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour, actions and governance are important factors in how they, and the sectors they oversee, perform. The OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators (PAFER) looks at the institutions, processes and practices that can create an organisational culture of performance and results. This report uses PAFER to assess both the internal and external governance of Brazil’s National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA). The review offers recommendations for the regulator to build upon its strong technical reputation and good practices. It proposes an integrated set of recommendations to help ANA best fulfil its roles relating to water resource management and water-use regulation, dam safety, and water supply and sanitation.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b7dffa0-en
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    PISA 2022 Results (Volume IV) : How Financially Smart Are Students? (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264926868 , 9789264613515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (247 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This volume presents the financial literacy results of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022 and examines 15-year-old students’ understanding of money matters in 20 countries and economies. It explores the links between their financial literacy and their competencies in mathematics and reading, and differences across socio-demographic groups. It also offers an overview of their experiences with money, their financial behaviour and attitudes, and their exposure to financial literacy at home and in school.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a849c2a-en
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    Manuel sur la mesure du commerce numérique, deuxième édition (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319790
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade, Second Edition
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: Les technologies numériques transforment pratiquement tous les aspects de l’économie, et le commerce international ne fait pas exception. Les entreprises et les ménages passent de plus en plus de commandes en ligne. De nombreux services qui exigeaient d’ordinaire une proximité entre producteurs et consommateurs sont désormais proposés à distance. Les plateformes en ligne jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans le rapprochement de l’offre et de la demande et facilitent les transactions économiques. Le numérique transforme la façon dont les produits sont achetés et livrés. Pour autant, cette évolution transparaît très peu dans les statistiques macroéconomiques traditionnelles, qui se concentrent sur ce qui est produit et par qui. En dernier ressort, cette absence de visibilité gêne l’élaboration des politiques et peut donner l’impression que l’économie n’est pas mesurée avec précision. Ce Manuel a pour objet d’aider les statisticiens à répondre aux besoins des décideurs de s’appuyer sur de meilleurs éléments statistiques concernant le commerce numérique. Si la politique commerciale internationale semble le domaine de l’action publique pour lequel il est essentiel de disposer de données exhaustives et comparables, le commerce numérique a des incidences sur de nombreux autres domaines, aux niveaux national comme international, et il est influencé par ces domaines, qu’il s’agisse de la concurrence, de la fiscalité, du développement ou de la croissance économique.
    DOI: 10.1787/c98d9806-fr
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    Chips, nodes and wafers : A taxonomy for semiconductor data collection (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Halbleiter ; Halbleiterindustrie ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Klassifikation ; Datenerhebung ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The semiconductor value chain is essential for modern economies but is prone to disruptions that pose considerable risks. Policy makers need robust data to help address a wide array of issues such as identifying bottlenecks, monitoring the balance between supply and demand of specific semiconductor types, as well as managing disruptions in the value chain. This paper establishes a common taxonomy for semiconductor types and production facilities to enable harmonised data collection and sharing. The taxonomy divides semiconductor products into four broad categories: “logic”, “memory”, “analog” and “others”, with further sub-categories based on their prevalence and specific functions. Semiconductor production facilities are classified according to the technology they use, the types of semiconductors they can produce, their production capacity, and other key characteristics. This taxonomy will be the basis for a semiconductor production database – it will be revised in the future to keep pace with technological advancements.
    DOI: 10.1787/f68de895-en
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    Repenser l'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé : Un cadre renouvelé (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264793422 , 9789264940079 , 9789264402904
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rethinking Health System Performance Assessment: A Renewed Framework
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les systèmes de santé sont soumis à de fortes pressions pour s'adapter à l'évolution des besoins ainsi qu’aux grandes tendances induites par le vieillissement de la population, la transition numérique et le changement climatique. Ils doivent également être mieux préparés à répondre aux chocs soudains et de grande ampleur tels que ceux générés par les pandémies, les crises financières, les catastrophes naturelles ou les cyberattaques. Cette évolution du contexte politique et ces défis nouveaux appellent à revoir la manière dont les pays de l'OCDE évaluent la performance des systèmes de santé afin de leur permettre de répondre aux besoins et aux préférences des citoyens en matière de santé, tout en fournissant des soins de qualité pour tous. Ce document présente le nouveau cadre d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé de l'OCDE. Il intègre de nouvelles dimensions de la performance, notamment la question des soins centrés sur la personne, la résilience et le développement durable, et met davantage l'accent sur la lutte contre les inégalités, y compris celles liées au genre. Ce cadre s'appuie sur les efforts déjà déployés par l'OCDE dans ces domaines et intègre les avancées les plus récentes en matière d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé. En proposant des définitions communes et en favorisant une compréhension partagée entre décideurs, parties prenantes et organisations, le cadre renouvelé facilitera la collaboration internationale. En outre, il permettra l'élaboration de futurs indicateurs, facilitera la collecte de données, l'analyse des politiques et l'intégration des savoirs.
    DOI: 10.1787/04e8cdb9-fr
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    Slovenija: Zdravstveni Profil Leta 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264321717
    Language: Slovenian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovenia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Ta profil je del širše serije zdravstvenih profilov držav v okviru pobude Stanje zdravja v EU in vsebuje jedrnat in politično usmerjen pregled zdravstvenega stanja in sistema zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji. Predstavlja jedrnato analizo, ki zajema naslednje ključne vidike: trenutno zdravstveno stanje v Sloveniji, determinante zdravja s poudarkom na vedenjskih dejavnikih tveganja, organizacijo slovenskega zdravstvenega sistema ter oceno učinkovitosti, dostopnosti in odpornosti zdravstvenega sistema. Poleg tega je v izdaji za leto 2023 predstavljeno tematsko poglavje o stanju duševnega zdravja in z njim povezanih storitev v Sloveniji. Ta profil je rezultat sodelovanja OECD in Evropskega observatorija za zdravstvene sisteme in politike, ki je bil izveden v sodelovanju z Evropsko komisijo.
    DOI: 10.1787/2d370464-sl
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    Sverige: Landprofil hälsa 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264477179
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sweden: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: Denna profil ger en kortfattad och policyfokuserad översikt över hälsotillståndet och hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet i Sverige, som en del av den bredare serien av landshälsoprofiler från initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den presenterar en kortfattad analys som omfattar följande viktiga aspekter: det nuvarande hälsotillståndet i Sverige; hälsans bestämningsfaktorer, med fokus på beteendemässiga riskfaktorer; organisationen av det svenska hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet; och en utvärdering av hälso- och sjukvårdssystemets effektivitet, tillgänglighet och resiliens. Dessutom innehåller 2023 års utgåva ett tematiskt avsnitt om läget för psykisk hälsa och tillhörande tjänster i Sverige. Denna profil är ett samarbete mellan OECD och European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, som genomförs i samarbete med Europeiska kommissionen.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a6a9fc5-sv
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    Improving public sector capacity-strengthening support for small island developing states (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.69
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Australia ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Canada ; Cape Verde ; Comoros ; Cook Islands ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Fiji ; Grenada ; Guinea-Bissau ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Jamaica ; Maldives ; Marshall Islands ; Mauritius ; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Nauru ; New Zealand ; Niue ; Palau ; Papua New Guinea ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Lucia ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Samoa ; Sao Tome and Principe ; Seychelles ; Singapore ; Solomon Islands ; Suriname ; Timor-Leste ; Tonga ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Tuvalu ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Vanuatu
    Abstract: Given the fast pace of global socio-economic development, more tailored, focused, and localised efforts to strengthen public sector capacity in small island developing states (SIDS) is increasingly important. SIDS have unique vulnerabilities, rich histories and contexts, and strengths that can be harnessed for sustainable development. Development partners need to adapt how they provide capacity-strengthening support, taking individual SIDS’ circumstances and needs into account to better help them achieve their ambitions. This report summarises perspectives from small island developing states (SIDS) on current experiences and opportunities to improve capacity-strengthening support to make it more tailored, impactful, and sustainable. The report uses the broad definition of capacity-strengthening as activities that improve the competencies and abilities of individuals, organisations, and broader formal and informal social structures in a way that boosts organisational performance. It concentrates on public sector capacity, including interactions with other stakeholders across sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/aec0effa-en
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    Making the grass greener : The role of firm’s financial and managerial capacity in paving the way for the green transition (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1791
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Despite the ambitious carbon reduction targets set by policy makers worldwide, current investments fall well short of the net-zero emissions scenario. This paper analyses the factors holding back corporate green investment, with a particular focus on the role of firm capacity – specifically financing constraints and weak green management practices – and its interaction with environmental policy. Combining a variety of econometric techniques, including panel data models, difference-in-differences settings and instrumental variable approaches, our cross-country analysis on large listed companies shows that: i) both financing constraints and a lack of green managerial capacity reduce firms’ probability of investing in green technologies, leading to higher emission intensity; ii) well-designed environmental policies can mitigate these impacts. A case study using more granular data on Portuguese firms further shows that: iii) green investment is more elastic to financing conditions than other types of investment; iv) investment in integrated technologies is more sensitive to financing conditions and to managerial capacity compared to end-of-pipe solutions. Lastly, the paper discusses a wide range of policy options that may be considered to foster the green transition through upgrading firms’ capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdffe7eb-en
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    Enhancing Scotland’s multi-level school improvement support system (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.94
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The Scottish Government and the OECD co-facilitated an international peer learning event in May 2023 to explore ways and approaches for clarifying the roles and responsibilities of school improvement support provided at different levels of the education system. The event brought together Scottish stakeholders and international experts from Ireland, Norway and Wales (United Kingdom) to collectively reflect on the country’s school improvement system. This report, written between May and September 2023, captures and summarises the peer learning event discussions and proposes policy options to help advance Scotland’s education reform agenda. This report will be valuable not only for Scotland, but also to the many countries that are looking to strengthen their school improvement support systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9326c26-en
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    SIGI 2024 Regional Report for Southeast Asia : Time to Care (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264367142 , 9789264582507 , 9789264702875
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; Südostasien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Indonesia ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; Timor-Leste ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: What are the structural barriers to women's empowerment and inclusive development in Southeast Asia? Building on data from the fifth edition of the SIGI, the SIGI 2024 Regional Report for Southeast Asia: Time to Care provides new evidence-based analysis on the progress and setbacks in eliminating the root causes of gender inequality in 11 countries of the region. It underscores how multiple personal status laws perpetuate gender-based legal discrimination. The analysis also shows that social norms governing gender roles and responsibilities worsened between 2014 and 2022, particularly affecting women’s educational and economic rights. The report explores a critical policy area for the region, the care economy. Stressing the gendered, informal, and unpaid dimensions of care, it draws on social, demographic, educational and economic evidence to forecast a growing demand for care services in Southeast Asian countries. The report advocates for the strategic development of formal care systems as a unique opportunity to accelerate women's economic empowerment, build inclusive societies and strengthen the region's resilience to external shocks – including those induced by climate change. To dismantle the barriers that prevent the emergence and expansion of such a formal care economy, it provides concrete recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fc15e1c-en
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    Beyond grades : Raising the visibility and impact of PISA data on students’ well-being (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.313
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students are much more than their grades. Beyond performing well in school, students must learn to manage their relationships with others, confront stress, find purpose in what they do, and deal with a series of factors oftentimes beyond their control – all of this, during a particularly sensitive period of their lives. How they do across all these dimensions of life shapes their well-being, which in turn affects their school performance and their life outcomes beyond school. In 2015, PISA broke new ground by including indicators of student well-being alongside traditional measures of academic performance. However, the data on student well-being often remain overshadowed by country and economy scores in mathematics, science, and reading - traditionally considered the primary outputs of PISA. This paper presents a proposal to increase the visibility and policy impact of PISA indicators on well-being, by organising them in thematic areas and presenting them through data visualisations that respond to the needs of different kinds of users. The proposed PISA dashboard on students’ well-being has the potential to offer policy makers, educators, parents, and other stakeholders a comparative perspective on how well schools are fostering the essential foundations for students to lead fulfilling lives.
    DOI: 10.1787/806233fe-en
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    Revue des qualités de l'IDE au Canada : Accélérer la croissance inclusive et durable (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264356085 , 9789264882232
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe FDI Qualities Review of Canada: Accelerating Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Canada
    Abstract: Ce rapport examine la manière dont l'investissement direct étranger (IDE) contribue au développement durable du Canada, en particulier dans les domaines du commerce, de la productivité et de l'innovation; de la qualité de l'emploi et des compétences; de la diversité et de l'inclusion; et de la transition vers une économie à faibles émissions de carbone. La revue offre certaines réflexions sur la manière dont la promotion et la facilitation de l'investissement peuvent améliorer ces impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa2f0985-fr
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    Mapping financial and technical assistance for industry decarbonisation in emerging markets and developing economies : Taking stock of trends in hard-to-abate sectors (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Dekarbonisierung ; Industrie ; Technische Zusammenarbeit ; Finanzierung ; Schwellenländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The report is the first ever mapping of financial and technical assistance to industry decarbonisation in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). It aims to provide key trends and findings on the financial and technical assistance for industry decarbonisation in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). The mapping report highlights different types of financing sources, such as public bilateral and multilateral assistance, private finance mobilised by official development finance interventions, philanthropies, and institutional investors. It also highlights keys areas for action based on the report’s findings that could help to increase the focus of financial and technical assistance for industry decarbonisation in EMDEs, as well as their impact on GHG emissions reduction. One key conclusion drawn from the report shows that, financial and technical assistance for industry decarbonisation in EMDEs has not received the necessary attention so far.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ecda2b7-en
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    Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa 2024 (Versione abbreviata) : Competenze, occupazione e produttività (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264731707
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa's Development Dynamics 2024: Skills, Jobs and Productivity
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África 2024: Competências, emprego e produtividade
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dynamiques du développement en Afrique 2024 : Compétences, emplois et productivité
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Development
    Abstract: Il rapporto Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa fa tesoro degli insegnamenti tratti dalle esperienze dell'Africa centrale, orientale, settentrionale, meridionale e occidentale per elaborare raccomandazioni strategiche e condividere le buone pratiche in tutto il continente. Basandosi sulle statistiche più recenti, l'analisi delle dinamiche di sviluppo mira ad aiutare i leader africani a conseguire gli obiettivi dell'Agenda 2063 dell'Unione africana a tutti i livelli: continentale, regionale, nazionale e locale. La presente edizione esplora le modalità con cui i governi, le aziende e gli istituti di istruzione africani possono incrementare l'offerta di competenze di qualità, in linea con la domanda attuale e futura, per creare occupazione e aumentare la produttività. Le tendenze a livello globale, quali la transizione digitale e la transizione verde, assieme alla crescita demografica dell'Africa e alla regionalizzazione del commercio internazionale, stanno dando forma alla domanda futura di competenze. Due capitoli del rapporto esaminano le carenze di competenze di base, trasversali e tecniche e identificano le soluzioni strategiche per sviluppare una forza lavoro qualificata a livello del continente. Tali capitoli offrono raccomandazioni in merito a politiche ad hoc mirate a sviluppare competenze in settori strategici per ciascuna regione, quali l'estrazione mineraria, le tecnologie digitali, le energie rinnovabili e l'agroalimentare. Il rapporto Le dinamiche di sviluppo dell'Africa alimenta il dibattito politico tra i governi dell'Unione africana, i cittadini, gli imprenditori e i ricercatori. Propone una nuova collaborazione tra Paesi e regioni, incentrata sull'apprendimento reciproco e sulla conservazione dei beni comuni ed è il frutto della collaborazione tra la Commissione dell'Unione africana e il Centro per lo sviluppo dell'OCSE.
    DOI: 10.1787/540255d8-it
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – Simplified Peer Review, Costa Rica (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264422681
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Costa Rica ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Under BEPS Action 14, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The initial peer review process was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assessed countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focused on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. Following the conclusion of the initial peer review process in 2022, a continued monitoring process has started whereby all Inclusive Framework member jurisdictions will be subject to continued monitoring: jurisdictions that have "meaningful MAP experience" would undergo a full peer review process once every four years and those that do not would undergo a two-stage simplified peer review process. This report reflects the outcome of Stage 1 of the simplified peer review of the implementation of the BEPS Action 14 Minimum Standard by Costa Rica.
    DOI: 10.1787/a97baac0-en
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    Gender equality and economic growth : Past progress and future potential (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.304
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite women’s increased participation in the labour market significantly contributing to past economic growth, persistent gender gaps across OECD labour markets hinder full realization of the potential gains of women’s economic participation. This paper analyses the economic implications of these gaps and evaluates the potential for future growth through greater gender equality in labour market outcomes. Utilising two methodological frameworks, the paper first employs growth accounting to measure the contribution of women's employment to past economic growth. The paper then uses a simplified version of the OECD Long-Term Model in conjunction with projections on future labour force dynamics to estimate the impact of greater gender equality on the labour market. These analyses provide insight into the potentially significant economic benefits of closing persistent gender gaps across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/fb0a0a93-en
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  • 83
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    A profile of an evaluation and assessment agency: Saudi Arabia’s Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.93
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper presents a profile of the agency responsible for education evaluation and assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC). It draws on research conducted by the OECD as part of a three-year project to develop the technical capacity of ETEC and benchmark its policies and practices with those of similar agencies in OECD countries. The paper describes ETEC’s mission and structure; its remit, activities and instruments; and the resources it has to fulfil its mandate. In doing so, the paper traces the Commission’s trajectory from its establishment to the present day. It aims to be of interest to education policymakers and researchers in OECD and partner countries, providing information on both the Saudi education system and evaluation and assessment agencies internationally – topics that have received relatively little attention in education literature.
    DOI: 10.1787/318266a4-en
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  • 84
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    Des infrastructures pour un avenir résilient face au changement climatique (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662711 , 9789264371880 , 9789264533493
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (205 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Infrastructure for a Climate-Resilient Future
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des effets du changement climatique sur les infrastructures et des principaux domaines dans lesquels les pouvoirs publics peuvent intervenir pour les rendre plus résilientes. Y sont examinées les avancées obtenues et les lacunes à combler dans la planification et le développement des infrastructures tout au long de leur cycle de vie pour intégrer la résilience climatique, ainsi que la question de savoir comment favoriser cette intégration par une approche territoriale. L’analyse porte également sur la manière de renforcer la prise de conscience et la compréhension des risques climatiques et d’en imposer la prise en compte dans toutes les décisions de financement et d'investissement, à l’aide de normes et d’instruments financiers qui intègrent l'adaptation et la résilience climatiques. Les solutions fondées sur la nature occupent une place particulière dans le rapport, qui donne des pistes pour en tirer parti efficacement, au service de la résilience climatique. Il est également reconnu que le développement économique des pays en développement suppose d’accorder une attention mondiale aux besoins qui leur sont propres ainsi que de renforcer le soutien et les partenariats internationaux. Ces travaux apportent des éléments utiles sur l’action à mener et plaident pour que les responsables de l’élaboration des politiques nationales et infranationales adoptent une approche de la résilience fondée sur une gouvernance pluri-niveaux, en travaillant avec les propriétaires et les exploitants d'infrastructures pour soutenir la prise de décision.
    DOI: 10.1787/464404b3-fr
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    Pilier Un - Montant B : Cadre Inclusif sur le BEPS (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264566026 , 9789264617988 , 9789264865952
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pillar One - Amount B: Inclusive Framework on BEPS
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de la Solution reposant sur deux piliers pour résoudre les défis fiscaux soulevés par la numérisation de l'économie convenue par le Cadre inclusif OCDE/G20 sur le BEPS en octobre 2021, le Montant B prévoit une approche simplifiée et rationalisée de l'application du principe de pleine concurrence aux activités de commercialisation et de distribution de produits de base dans le pays, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur les besoins des pays à faible capacité. Le contenu du rapport a été incorporé dans les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert.
    DOI: 10.1787/2a736abb-fr
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    Helping Small Island Developing States graduate to success (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.3
    Keywords: Economics ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: By 2030, between five and twelve Small Island Developing States (SIDS) could lose eligibility to – i.e. graduate from – official development assistance (ODA) as they reach high-income status. Unless other sources of finance effectively fill the gap left by their high dependence on ODA, those SIDS may suffer socio-economic setbacks and be worse-off after graduation. This may have broad negative consequences, given their geostrategic importance and role in the preservation of oceans and biodiversity. To help SIDS “graduate to success”, donors should use multidimensional vulnerability indices (MVIs) to better tailor their support, and engage with them through new graduation strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f2910aa-en
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  • 87
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    Teenage career development in England : A Review of PISA 2022 Data (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.315
    Keywords: Karriereplanung ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Jugendliche ; Schüler ; Großbritannien ; England ; Education
    Abstract: This paper explores the state of teenage career development in England. It sets out findings from the 2022 round of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a comparative international survey of young people in secondary education. PISA 2022 provides considerable data related to young people’s engagement in, and perceptions of, career development, including information on occupational and educational intentions and participation in career development activities. This paper compares student responses in England to OECD averages, disaggregated by a range of student characteristics, including gender, socio-economic background, academic proficiency and school type attended. This comprehensive analysis finds that in many ways student career development in England compares well with many other OECD countries, particularly countries identified as providing most relevant comparisons. However, analysis of longitudinal cohort studies show that students in England and across the OECD fail to engage sufficiently in career development by the age of 15. In England, students from lower socio-economic backgrounds engage less consistently in career development than their more socially advantaged peers. As in many countries, low performing students in England demonstrate forms of career development that raise particular concerns. The career expectations of all students align poorly with patterns of labour market demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/13452cbe-en
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  • 88
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    Trade impacts of economic coercion (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.281
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les effets de la coercition économique sur les échanges internationaux
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: In recent years, concerns have increased about the use of, or threatened use of, acts of economic coercion, often in the form of trade and investment-related measures. While economic coercion has been the subject of growing attention in fora such as the G7, limited information has been developed on the impacts on affected economies and other trading partners. This work provides an initial, objective economic analysis of economic coercion with a view to helping generate greater awareness and a basis for further discussions on this issue.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4ab39b9-en
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  • 89
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    Occupational reallocation and mismatch in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic : Cross-country evidence from an online job site (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Employment has recovered strongly from the COVID-19 pandemic despite large structural changes in labour markets, such as the widespread adoption of digital business models and remote work. We analyse whether the pandemic has been associated with labour reallocation across occupations and triggered mismatches between occupational labour demand and supply using novel data on employers’ job postings and jobseekers’ clicks across 19 countries from the online job site Indeed. Findings indicate that, on average across countries, the pandemic triggered large and persistent reallocation of postings and clicks across occupations. Occupational mismatch initially increased but was back to pre-pandemic levels at the end of 2022 as employers and workers adjusted to structural changes. The adjustment was substantially slower in countries that resorted to short-time work schemes to preserve employment during the pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/128b92aa-en
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  • 90
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    Students, digital devices and success (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.102
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Élèves et écrans : Performance académique et bien-être
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In today's world, the digital landscape plays a crucial role in children's lives, offering opportunities for education, socialising and entertainment. However, it also poses risks such as cyberbullying, exposure to inappropriate content and breaches of privacy. There are also concerns that excessive screen time can impact children's social and emotional development, leading to debates about the quality of their interactions. Recent findings from the PISA survey further highlight a negative correlation between leisurely digital device use at school and academic performance. This OECD brochure “Students, digital devices and success” collates the latest research on digital devices and education from across the OECD’s Directorate for Education and Skills to support countries efforts to set policies in this area
    DOI: 10.1787/9e4c0624-en
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    Le rôle d’une exploitation minière artisanale et à petite échelle responsable dans la transformation des conflits : Contribuer à la paix en appliquant le devoir de diligence aux chaînes d’approvisionnement (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Conflict transformation and the role of responsible artisanal and small-scale mining: Supporting peace through supply chain due diligence
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Le secteur extractif informel constitue une source d’emploi importante dans la majorité des pays touchés par des conflits, mais il reste à ce jour très souvent ignoré lors du recensement des possibilités de réinsertion pour les anciens combattants. Ce document répertorie les synergies entre, d’une part, les programmes de désarmement, démobilisation et réintégration (DDR) mis en œuvre dans les régions touchées par les conflits et à haut risque et, d’autre part, les initiatives existantes liées à l’application du devoir de diligence aux chaînes d’approvisionnement, qui encouragent l’intégration des exploitants de mines artisanales et à petite échelle de ces régions dans les chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales. Le présent rapport met en évidence le rôle que les initiatives menées par l’OCDE pour contribuer à la formalisation de l’exploitation artisanale et à petite échelle peuvent jouer en faveur des programmes de DDR.
    DOI: 10.1787/6a34b671-fr
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    The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s economic vulnerabilities in the MENA : Synthesis report and focus on Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.54
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on women's economic empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), in the context of elevated gender-based discrimination in social institutions – formal and informal laws, social norms, and practices. The analysis focuses on Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. Using 2023 data from the fifth edition of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), the paper analyses how discriminatory laws and social norms hamper women's economic empowerment. The paper also explores how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this discrimination. Finally, it provides policy recommendations to tackle discriminatory social institutions and address the specific needs of women and girls, both in the face of public health crises and beyond, aiming to foster more inclusive and resilient societies in the MENA region.
    DOI: 10.1787/04420ab6-en
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    Test No. 252: Rapid Estrogen Activity In Vivo (REACTIV) assay (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264808928
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai No. 252 : Essai rapide d'activité estrogen in vivo (REACTIV, Rapid Estrogen ACTivity In Vivo)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a Rapid Estrogen ACTivity In Vivo (REACTIV) Assay in an aquatic assay that utilises transgenic Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) eleutheroembryos at day post hatch zero, in a multi-well plate format to identify chemicals active on the estrogen axis. The REACTIV assay was designed as a screening assay to provide a medium throughput and short-term assay to measure the response of eleutheroembryos to chemicals potentially active on the estrogen axis.
    DOI: 10.1787/54066090-en
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    OECD Justice Review of Peru : Towards Effective and Transparent Justice Institutions for Inclusive Growth (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474376 , 9789264856431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la Justicia de la OCDE en el Perú : Hacia instituciones de justicia eficaces y transparentes para un crecimiento inclusivo
    Keywords: Rechtsordnung ; Gerechtigkeit ; Rechtsreform ; Peru ; Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of Peru’s justice system and offers concrete recommendations, based on OECD countries' experience and best practices, for how to make it more effective, efficient, transparent, accessible, and people-centred. Building on the OECD’s Recommendation on Access to Justice and People-Centred Justice Systems, the report suggests how Peru can best implement its challenging justice reform agenda so that access to justice is available to all, including the most in need. In particular, it proposes actionable solutions for modernising Peru's institutional and functional arrangements to improve the administration of justice and people-centred service delivery, bringing it closer to OECD standards and best practices in this area.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb556518-en
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    Définir une stratégie nationale de lutte contre la délinquance fiscale : Principaux éléments et aspects à prendre en considération (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264506596
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Designing a National Strategy against Tax Crime: Core Elements and Considerations
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les délits fiscaux ont un impact négatif sur tous les pays, qu'ils soient développés ou en voie de développement. Ils entravent la capacité des gouvernements à collecter des recettes et affaiblissent la confiance du public dans le système juridique et financier, ce qui peut entraîner des conséquences profondes et durables. La délinquance fiscale est souvent étroitement liée à d'autres formes graves de criminalité nationales ou transnationales, telles que le blanchiment d'argent, la corruption, le trafic de stupéfiants ou d'êtres humains et le financement du terrorisme. Ce rapport expose les raisons d'adopter une stratégie nationale de lutte contre la délinquance fiscale et de soutenir les efforts des juridictions dans l'élaboration de ces stratégies, en s'inspirant des pratiques des membres du groupe d'action de l'OCDE sur les délits à caractère fiscal et autres délits (TFTC).
    DOI: 10.1787/46365e94-fr
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    Which SMEs are greening? : Cross-country evidence from one million websites (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.60
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) could play a pivotal role in the pursuit of climate objectives. SMEs have a significant carbon footprint on aggregate, but they can also contribute to reaching net zero through their innovations and commitment to the use of environmentally friendly practices. This study develops a novel metric to identify environmental engagement, also referred to as “greening”. The study harnesses the power of machine-learning and analyses the content of over one million websites of firms from 15 OECD countries encompassing about 10 billion words. Greening is identified based on firms’ self-declared information about products or processes on their websites. The resulting indicator is then evaluated considering firms’ characteristics. The results show that: (1) About one-third of SMEs are environmentally engaged, albeit with considerable variations across countries; (2) Greening SMEs are more productive, pay higher wages and their sales grow faster than non-greening SMEs; (3) Solar energy is the most cited action among greening SMEs, followed by recycling and energy efficiency, (4) Sectors with higher greenhouse gas emission reduction over the past decade also display higher levels of environmental engagement.
    DOI: 10.1787/ddd00999-en
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    A new dawn for public employment services : Service delivery in the age of artificial intelligence (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.19
    Keywords: Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: As part of broader digitalisation efforts, half of public employment services (PES) in OECD countries are employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance their services. AI is being adopted across all key tasks of PES, including most commonly to match jobseekers with vacancies. While several PES have been using such tools for a decade, adoption of AI has been increasing in recent years as these become more accessible. New AI use cases have emerged to assist employers in designing vacancy postings and jobseekers in their career management and job-search strategies. AI initiatives have significant impact on PES clients, changing how they interact with the PES and receive support, and PES staff, altering their day-to-day work. As PES seek to maximise the opportunities brought by AI, proactive steps should be taken to mitigate associated risks. Key considerations for PES include prioritising transparency of AI algorithms and explainability of results, establishing governance frameworks, ensuring end-users (staff and clients) are included and supported in the development and adoption process, and committing to rigorous monitoring and evaluation to increase the positive and manage any negative impact of AI solutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/5dc3eb8e-en
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    Apporter la transparence fiscale dans le monde des crypto-actifs – une mise à jour : Rapport du Forum mondial à l’intention des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale des pays du G20 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bringing Tax Transparency to Crypto-Assets – An Update: Global Forum Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce rapport fait le point sur les travaux visant à mettre en application le Cadre de déclaration des crypto-actifs (CARF) récemment adopté par l’OCDE et le G20, qui étend l’échange automatique de renseignements à des fins fiscales au secteur des crypto-actifs. Le G20 a invité le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales (le Forum mondial) à « s’appuyer sur ses procédures d’engagement et de suivi afin d’assurer une large mise en œuvre du [CARF] ». Aussi, le Forum mondial a préparé ce rapport dans le but de tenir le G20 informé des progrès de ses travaux. Il dresse un état des lieux des travaux du Groupe chargé du CARF récemment mis en place par le Forum mondial afin d’élaborer le processus d’engagement du Forum mondial à temps pour son lancement cette année, pour faire en sorte que toutes les juridictions concernées mettent en œuvre le CARF dans les délais impartis et dans le respect de règles du jeu équitables. À cet égard, il convient d’observer que 58 juridictions membres du Forum mondial ont déjà fait part de leur intention de débuter les échanges prévus par le CARF en 2027. Ce rapport a été préparé par le Forum mondial afin d’étayer les discussions qui se tiendront à la réunion de juillet 2024 des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale des pays du G20, à la demande de la Présidence brésilienne du G20.
    DOI: 10.1787/1247fef1-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Slovénie 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264791619 , 9789264840133
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Slovenia 2024
    Keywords: Development ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. Le ratio d’aide publique au développement par rapport au revenu national brut de la Slovénie est passé de 0,16 % en 2017 à 0,19 % en 2021, avec une hausse temporaire à 0,29 % en 2022. Cette augmentation est principalement due aux coûts d’accueil des réfugiés liés à la guerre d'agression de la Russie contre l'Ukraine. La Slovénie exerce une influence significative au niveau multilatéral, conformément à ses priorités, notamment en matière d'eau et d’égalité des genres. Ses partenaires apprécient son soutien aux Balkans occidentaux, ancré dans son expérience d’adhésion à l’Union Européenne, tout comme son soutien aux efforts de déminage à travers le monde. Cet examen par les pairs recommande de cibler davantage son approche, d’améliorer la coordination intergouvernementale, d’adapter les ressources financières et humaines à ses ambitions et de construire des relations plus solides avec les partenaires.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b161dcd-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    E-Book
    E-Book
    Administración Tributaria 3.0: La transformación digital de la administración tributaria (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264875753
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Administration 3.0: The Digital Transformation of Tax Administration
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Administration fiscale 3.0 : La transformation numérique de l’administration de l’impôt
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: El presente informe ofrece una visión de la transformación digital de la administración tributaria, según la cual la tributación se convertirá con el tiempo en un proceso fluido y sin fricciones. El propósito de este documento de reflexión, solicitado por los Comisionados en la Reunión Plenaria del Foro de Administración Tributaria de la OCDE celebrado en Santiago en 2019, es promover el debate y el diálogo, tanto sobre la visión como sobre sus componentes básicos.
    DOI: 10.1787/f30c1100-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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