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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,894)
  • [Paris] : OECD  (18)
  • OECD-Staaten  (1,479)
  • Industry and Services  (981)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eight lessons learned from comparing ocean economy measurement strategies across countries (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Many ocean economic activities are not readily visible in official statistics, hindering policymakers' access to crucial information for decision making. The OECD ocean economy measurement project aims to address this by aligning ocean economy statistics with broader economic data and ensuring international consistency. This paper compares the measurement strategies of eight OECD member countries using principles from the system of national accounts. It also highlights the ocean economy thematic accounts of four countries and summarises their methods. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating ocean economy measurements with national accounting standards, a vital step for improving the evidence base for ocean policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/1cb42a67-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artificial intelligence and wage inequality (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.13
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Lohnstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper looks at the links between AI and wage inequality across 19 OECD countries. It uses a measure of occupational exposure to AI derived from that developed by Felten, Raj and Seamans (2019) – a measure of the degree to which occupations rely on abilities in which AI has made the most progress. The results provide no indication that AI has affected wage inequality between occupations so far (over the period 2014-2018). At the same time, there is some evidence that AI may be associated with lower wage inequality within occupations – consistent with emerging findings from the literature that AI reduces productivity differentials between workers. Further research is needed to identify the exact mechanisms driving the negative relationship between AI and wage inequality within occupations. One possible explanation is that low performers have more to gain from using AI because AI systems are trained to embody the more accurate practices of high performers. It is also possible that AI reduces performance differences within an occupation through a selection effect, e.g. if low performers leave their job because they are unable to adapt to AI tools by shifting their activities to tasks that AI cannot automate.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf98a45c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bringing Trentino's productivity growth back on track : A comparison with OECD "peer" regions (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/03
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rimettere in carreggiata la crescita della produttività del Trentino: Un confronto tra regioni “pari”
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The Autonomous Province of Trento (Trentino) is among the most productive regions in Europe, but over the past two decades its productivity growth has stagnated. As a result, the productivity gap of Trentino widened by over 20% compared to regions with the same productivity level in 2000. The benchmarking of productivity drivers in Trentino with those of “peer” regions points to several policy priorities, including: reviving productivity in tradeable sectors, also through increased internationalisation; increasing the share of the labour force with a tertiary education; and getting more out of public R&D while boosting private sector R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e74a691-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevention of Tax Treaty Abuse – Sixth Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 6 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765832 , 9789264760912 , 9789264655096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (325 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prévention de l’utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales – Sixième rapport d’examen par les pairs sur le chalandage fiscal : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 6
    Keywords: Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Under the BEPS Action 6 minimum standard on treaty shopping, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS have committed to strengthen their tax treaties by implementing anti-abuse measures. This report reflects the outcome of the sixth peer review of the implementation of the BEPS Action 6 minimum standard on treaty shopping. It includes the aggregate results of the review and data on tax treaties concluded by the members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS as of 31 May 2023, as well as jurisdictional sections which contain detailed information for each member jurisdiction.
    DOI: 10.1787/36cebf8e-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The OECD-UNSD Multinational Enterprise Information Platform (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD and the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) have developed jointly the new Multinational Enterprise Information Platform (MEIP). MEIP is built on past OECD and UN efforts to compile statistics on the scale and scope of the international activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). The new platform uses publicly available data to gather information on the world’s 500 largest MNEs in a timely manner, facilitating a comprehensive view of their physical and digital presence. It also includes a monitoring tool for large events such as Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The platform also provides a valuable benchmark for National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and researchers, allowing them to compare the national presence of an individual MNE to the global presence. Information on MNEs and their global network can also be visualised in a user-friendly dashboard.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7d90a06-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Luxembourg : Phase 4 Report (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264565173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mise en œuvre de la Convention de l'OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption par le Luxembourg : Rapport de Phase 4
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Luxemburg ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This Phase 4 report on Luxembourg by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Luxembourg’s implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2021 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery during its plenary meeting on 5-8 March 2024.
    DOI: 10.1787/c328b3e7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto : Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Questa Guida fornisce un piano d’azione per i governi locali, le comunità e i musei su come definire insieme un’agenda di sviluppo locale. Prende in considerazione cinque dimensioni 1. Sfruttare il potere dei musei per lo sviluppo locale. 2. Valorizzare il ruolo dei musei nella riqualificazione urbana e nello sviluppo della comunità. 3. Stimolare società culturalmente consapevoli e creative. 4. Promuovere i musei come spazi di inclusione, salute e benessere. 5. Integrare il ruolo dei musei nello sviluppo locale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f5e5bc3-it
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rimettere in carreggiata la crescita della produttività del Trentino : Un confronto tra regioni “pari” (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bringing Trentino's productivity growth back on track: A comparison with OECD "peer" regions
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: La Provincia Autonoma di Trento (Trentino) è tra le regioni più produttive d'Europa, ma negli ultimi due decenni la crescita della sua produttività è stata stagnante. Di conseguenza, il divario di produttività del Trentino è aumentato di oltre il 20% rispetto a regioni con lo stesso livello di produttività nel 2000. L'analisi comparativa dei fattori di produttività del Trentino con quelli delle regioni "pari" evidenzia diverse priorità di politica economica. Queste includono: rilanciare la produttività nei settori commerciabili, anche attraverso una maggiore internazionalizzazione; aumentare la quota di forza lavoro con un'istruzione terziaria; e ottenere di più dalla R&S pubblica, incentivando al contempo la R&S del settore privato.
    DOI: 10.1787/01229edf-it
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/07
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce guide fournit une feuille de route aux gouvernements locaux, aux communautés et aux musées sur la manière de définir ensemble un programme de développement local. Il prend en compte cinq dimensions : Exploiter le pouvoir des musées en faveur du développement économique local ; 2. S’appuyer sur le rôle des musées pour la réhabilitation urbaine et le développement de la communauté ; 3. Créer des sociétés ouvertes à la culture et créatives ; 4. Faire des musées des espaces d’inclusion, de santé et de bien-être ; 5. Placer les musées au cœur du développement local.
    DOI: 10.1787/225d30d4-fr
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Handbook on the Compilation of Household Distributional Results on Income, Consumption and Saving in Line with National Accounts Totals (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a3b9119-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reaching Climate Neutrality for the Hamburg Economy by 2040 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1e44672-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking Health System Performance Assessment : A Renewed Framework (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944329 , 9789264653399 , 9789264507401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Repenser l'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé : Un cadre renouvelé
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Performance-Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Health systems are under intense pressure to adapt to evolving needs and megatrends driven by population ageing, digitalisation, and climate change. They also need to be better prepared to withstand sudden, large-scale shocks such as pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, or cyberattacks. This shifting policy context and emerging challenges called for a revision in how OECD countries assess health system performance, to help ensure that health systems meet people’s health needs and preferences while providing quality healthcare for all. This document presents the OECD’s renewed health system performance assessment framework. It incorporates new performance dimensions, notably people-centredness, resilience, and environmental sustainability, and places increased emphasis on addressing inequalities, including those related to gender. This framework expands on existing OECD efforts in these domains and integrates the most recent advancements in health system performance assessment. By offering common definitions and fostering a shared understanding among policy makers, stakeholders and organisations, the updated framework will enhance international collaboration. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for developing future indicators, facilitating data collection, policy analysis, and the integration of knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1787/107182c8-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM : PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Polish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Niniejszy Przewodnik stanowi plan działania dla samorządów lokalnych, społeczności i muzeów dotyczący wspólnego definiowania programu rozwoju lokalnego. Uwzględnia pięć wymiarów: 1. Wykorzystanie potencjału muzeów na rzecz lokalnego rozwoju -gospodarczego. 2. Wykorzystanie muzeów w rewitalizacji miast i rozwoju społeczności. 3. Wzmocnienie kulturowej świadomości i społecznej -kreatywności. 4. Promowanie muzeów jako miejsc integracji, zachowania zdrowia i dobrostanu. 5. Istotna rola muzeów w rozwoju lokalnym
    DOI: 10.1787/886042ae-pl
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  • 16
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    Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη : EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Αυτός ο Οδηγός παρέχει έναν οδικό χάρτη για τις τοπικές κυβερνήσεις, τις κοινότητες και τα μουσεία σχετικά με το πώς να διαμορφώσουν από κοινού ένα πρόγραμμα τοπικής ανάπτυξης. Λαμβάνει υπόψη πέντε διαστάσεις: 1. Αξιοποίηση της δύναμης των μουσείων για την τοπική οικονομική ανάπτυξη. 2. Ενίσχυση του ρόλου των μουσείων για την αστική αναζωογόνηση και την κοινοτική ανάπτυξη. 3. Καλλιέργεια πολιτισμικά ευαισθητοποιημένων και δημιουργικών κοινωνιών. 4. Προβολή των μουσείων ως χώρων κοινωνικής ένταξης, ποιότητας ζωής και ευημερίας. 5. Εδραίωση του ρόλου των μουσείων στην τοπική ανάπτυξη.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef748efe-el
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  • 17
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    Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems : How to Finance More Resilient Health Systems When Money Is Tight? (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264913097 , 9789264394872 , 9789264379046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finding sufficient funds to pay for more resilient health systems is challenging in the current economic context. COVID-19 has shown the need for additional targeted spending on public health interventions, the digital transformation of health systems, and bolstering the health workforce. Rising incomes, technological innovation and changing demographics put further upward pressure on health spending. This could result in health spending reaching 11.8% of GDP across OECD counties by 2040. This publication explores the policy options to finance more resilient health systems whilst maintaining fiscal sustainability. It finds that the scale of the additional health financing needs requires ambitious and transformative policy changes. Robust actions to encourage healthier populations and policies to reduce ineffective spending can put future health expenditure on a far gentler upward trajectory. These would enable spending to reach a more sustainable 10.6% of GDP in 2040. Better budgetary governance is critical. It improves how public funds for health are determined, executed and evaluated. Therefore, a focus of this report is on how good budgeting practices can increase the efficiency of current public spending, and also enable more ambitious policy changes in the medium to longer-term. Findings of this report are targeted at health and finance policy makers, with improved dialogue between health and finance ministries especially important when governments are operating in a constrained fiscal setting.
    DOI: 10.1787/880f3195-en
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  • 18
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    Return, Reintegration and Re-migration : Understanding Return Dynamics and the Role of Family and Community (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264825420 , 9789264577473 , 9789264378490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Rückwanderung ; Familie ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Return migration has emerged as a critical policy concern for both destination and origin countries. While policy attention in destination countries has been focused on assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programs, particularly for migrants with expulsion orders, these efforts represent only a fraction of broader return movements. This report, based on a project carried out by the OECD with support from the German Corporation for International Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH – GIZ), commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, analyses the scope and characteristics of different categories of return migration. The report draws on three workshops, held in Tunis, Rabat and Brussels, that discussed return migration in different contexts. It examines the multiple factors that influence migrants' decisions to return to their countries of origin and their reintegration at home, including the role of family and community. The report emphasises the pre-existing structures and networks of returning migrants in origin countries and their role in supporting different types of return migrants. The report also looks at potential re-migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/625fb5e6-en
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  • 19
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    Review of G7 Government-led Voluntary and Mandatory Due Diligence Measures for Sustainable Agri-food Supply Chains (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264967441 , 9789264912816 , 9789264946699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Due Diligence ; Lieferkette ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report aims to provide G7 agricultural policy makers with insights to better understand the design, objectives and mechanisms of national and regional, voluntary and mandatory due diligence-related measures. The report creates a fact-based selective inventory for policy makers to identify common elements across the measures with a view to strengthening, where possible, coherence of G7 policy responses to promote responsible business conduct in agricultural supply chains. The inventory also aims to help companies understand different national and regional standards by highlighting synergies and, where applicable discrepancies, to enable and support effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/f05af4a1-en
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  • 20
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    Ensuring policy coherence through better policy development, co-ordination and stakeholder participation in Romania (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Romania
    Abstract: Policy coherence relies on the development of strategic plans, the availability and use of relevant evidence and data, the right set of skills across the public administration, political commitment, and leadership. Effective policy coherence cannot be achieved without good co-ordination, which relies on sound co-ordination mechanisms, such as interministerial committees or councils, as well as information-sharing tools. The legitimacy and coherence of public policy is also grounded in the support that a government has from stakeholders and citizens. This policy paper offers a tailored policy framework for Romania that builds further on the other outputs of the TSI project “Enhancing Policy Coherence, Transparency, and Co-ordination at the Centre of Government in Romania”. It includes tailored and actionable tools for improving policy coherence across government by strengthening policy development, co-ordination, and stakeholder participation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9d50cc9-en
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  • 21
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    Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Esta Guía proporciona una hoja de ruta para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos sobre cómo definir conjuntamente una agenda de desarrollo local. Considera cinco dimensiones: 1. Utilizar el poder de los museos para el desarrollo económico local 2. Aprovechar el papel de los museos para la regeneración urbana y el desarrollo comunitario 3. Catalizar sociedades culturalmente conscientes y creativas 4. Promover los museos como espacios para la inclusión, la salud y el bienestar 5. Integrar el papel de los museos en el desarrollo local.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf427bb7-es
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  • 22
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    2023 OECD Digital Government Index : Results and key findings (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a89ed5e-en
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  • 23
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    文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム : 向けのガイド (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화: 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: 本ガイドは、地方自治体、地域社会、そしてミュージアムが、どのようにして地域開発アジェンダを共に定義していくかについて、ロードマップを提供するものである。以下の5つの側面について考察している： １ ．地域の経済発展のためにミュージアムの力を活用する。 ２ ．都市の再生と地域社会の発展におけるミュージアムの役割を確立する。 ３ ．文化を意識し創造的な社会を促進する。 ４ ．包摂、健康と幸福の場としてのミュージアムを推進する。 ５ ．地域発展にミュージアムの役割を位置づける。
    DOI: 10.1787/bd0b6074-ja
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  • 24
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    문화와 지역발전: 영향 극대화 : 지방자치단체와 공동체, 박물관을 위한 지침서 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e sviluppo locale: massimizzare l'impatto: Una guida per le amministrazioni locali, le comunità y e i musei
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe KULTURA W ROZWOJU LOKALNYM: PRZEWODNIK DLA SAMORZĄDÓW LOKALNYCH, SPOŁECZNOŚCI I MUZEÓW
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura e desenvolvimento local: maximizando o impacto: Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cultura y desarollo local: maximizar el impacto : Una guía para gobiernos locales, comunidades y museos
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture et développement local : améliorer l’impact : Guide pour les gouvernements locaux, les communautés et les musées
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Πολιτισμός και τοπική ανάπτυξη: EΝΑΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ, ΤΙΣ ΚΟΙΝOΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΜΟΥΣΕIΑ
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: 이 가이드는 지역 개발 의제를 함께 정의하는 방법에 대해 지방 정부, 지역사회 및 박물관에 로드맵을 제공합니다. 다음과 같은 5가지 차원을 고려합니다. 1. 지역경제 개발을 위한 박물관의 역량 활용 2. 도시 재생과 지역사회 조성 및 발전을 위한 박물관의 역할 구축 3. 문화 이해력 및 창의성 높은 사회 촉진 4. 사회적 포용성 및 건강과 웰빙을 위한 공간으로서의 박물관 증진 5. 지역 발전을 위한 박물관의 주도적 역할 강화.
    DOI: 10.1787/f12f1686-ko
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  • 25
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    Pillar One - Amount B : Inclusive Framework on BEPS (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264973954 , 9789264647114 , 9789264622838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pilier Un - Montant B : Cadre Inclusif sur le BEPS
    Keywords: Steuererhebungsverfahren ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuervermeidung ; Verrechnungspreis ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: As part of the Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy agreed by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS in October 2021, Amount B provides for a simplified and streamlined approach to the application of the arm’s length principle to in-country baseline marketing and distribution activities, with a particular focus on the needs of low-capacity countries. Content from the report has now been incorporated into the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines.
    DOI: 10.1787/21ea168b-en
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  • 26
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    Global Debt Report 2024 : Bond Markets in a High-Debt Environment (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866119 , 9789264925915 , 9789264323698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rapport sur la dette mondiale 2024 : Les marchés obligataires dans un contexte de dette élevée
    Keywords: Öffentliche Schulden ; Anleihe ; Öffentliche Anleihe ; Unternehmensanleihe ; Rentenmarkt ; Schulden ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Global Debt Report examines sovereign and corporate debt markets, providing insights into current market conditions and associated policy considerations, including possible financial stability risks. This first edition consolidates the Sovereign Borrowing Outlook, previously a separate OECD publication, and introduces new chapters on corporate bond markets and sustainable bonds. Chapter 1 provides an overview of sovereign borrowing globally and an outlook for OECD countries, with a focus on the impact of recent developments in funding conditions and changes to the investor base. Chapter 2 explores global corporate bond market dynamics, build-up of risks and vulnerabilities and the impact of a changing macrofinancial landscape. Chapter 3 looks at trends in global sustainable bond markets and discusses policy considerations such as the sustainability premium, the roles of service providers and market liquidity.
    DOI: 10.1787/91844ea2-en
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  • 27
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    Towards Greener and More Inclusive Societies in Southeast Asia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264787384 , 9789264945609 , 9789264976702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Südostasien ; Energy ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Philippines ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Over 100 million workers in Southeast Asia have jobs that are directly or closely linked to the environment, making them vulnerable to climate change impacts. These same workers likely earn at least 20% lower than the national average and are largely in informal employment. The region’s necessary transition towards greener growth could affect them in several ways: some sectors will create jobs and others will lose jobs or disappear altogether. Understanding the effects of both climate change and green growth policies on jobs and people is thus essential for making the transition in Southeast Asia an inclusive one. The study explores these issues, with emphasis on the potential effects on labour of an energy transition in Indonesia, and of a transition in the region’s agricultural sector, illustrated by a simulated conversion from conventional to organic rice farming.
    DOI: 10.1787/294ce081-en
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  • 28
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    Challenging Social Inequality Through Career Guidance : Insights from International Data and Practice (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264933613 , 9789264983731 , 9789264980235
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Mobilität ; Berufsberatung ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: This report explores how school-level career guidance systems can more effectively respond to social inequalities. It draws on new analysis of PISA and PIAAC data and builds on the OECD Career Readiness Indicators to review the impact of inequalities related primarily to socio-economic background, gender and migrant status/ethnicity on the character of education-to-work transitions. The data analysis identifies additional barriers facing certain demographic groups in converting human capital into successful employment. It also finds that teenage access to career development is strongly patterned by the demographic characteristics of students. Consequently, the report highlights a range of career guidance interventions that can be expected to mitigate the negative impact of inequalities on student outcomes, enabling fairer access to economic opportunities. The report concludes by reviewing how the innovative new Career Education Framework in New Brunswick (Canada) systematically addresses inequalities within K-12 provision.
    DOI: 10.1787/619667e2-en
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  • 29
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    OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024 (Volume 1) : Embracing the Technology Frontier (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264654266 , 9789264640122 , 9789264606852
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives de l’économie numérique de l’OCDE 2024 (Volume 1) : Cap sur la frontière technologique
    Keywords: Digitale Medien ; IKT-Sektor ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024, Volume 1: Embracing the Technology Frontier provides new insights on key technologies that underpin the digital technology ecosystem and their impacts. Using big data and machine-learning techniques, Volume 1 provides new estimates of the growth rate of the ecosystem’s core – the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. It then looks toward the technology frontier with perspectives on the future of artificial intelligence (AI) and how it can be shaped into a positive force. Volume 1 also analyses how people, firms and governments are adopting digital technologies, offering insights into the scale and scope of digital divides and how to boost equal opportunity and inclusion. To that end, it looks at the critical need for next generation wireless networks to provide unlimited connectivity everywhere. Moving beyond the hype of immersive technologies, Volume 1 examines the proven ability of virtual reality (VR) to scale, while identifying its opportunities and risks. Finally, it shines a spotlight on mental health in digital environments, including those most at risk.
    DOI: 10.1787/a1689dc5-en
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  • 30
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    Social and Emotional Skills for Better Lives : Findings from the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills 2023 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264457744 , 9789264848511 , 9789264694019
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Kompetenz ; Emotion ; Lebensqualität ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Social and Emotional Skills for Better Lives presents results from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) 2023. SSES is the largest international effort to collect data on these skills among 10- and 15-year-old students. The report explores how the following skills differ by socio-demographic groups and how they relate to key life outcomes: task performance skills (persistence, responsibility, self-control and achievement motivation); emotional regulation skills (stress-resistance, emotional control and optimism); engaging with others skills (assertiveness, sociability and energy); open-mindedness skills (curiosity, creativity and tolerance); and collaboration skills (empathy and trust). The results show that students’ social and emotional skills – or 21st century skills – are linked to better life outcomes, including academic success, greater life satisfaction, healthier behaviours, less test and class anxiety, and more ambitious career plans. The Survey also finds that these skills are inequitably distributed among students by age, gender, and socio-economic background. SSES 2023 was conducted in Bulgaria, Chile, Peru, Spain, Mexico, Ukraine, Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Gunma (Japan), Helsinki (Finland), Jinan (China), Kudus (Indonesia), Sobral (Brazil) and Turin (Italy). Results are compared to SSES 2019, which took place before the COVID-19 pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/35ca7b7c-en
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    Green Budgeting in OECD Countries 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859593 , 9789264719675 , 9789264499959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Finanzpolitik ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of green budgeting practices across OECD countries based on the 2022 OECD Green Budgeting Survey, as well as the index methodology for the Survey. It takes stock of OECD countries’ progress in bringing climate and environmental considerations into budgeting frameworks and processes. Green budgeting involves a systematic approach across all stages of the budget process, including financial reporting and budget oversight. The growth in green budgeting in OECD countries, as shown in the report, demonstrates the key role of budget offices in ensuring that policy priorities relating to climate change and the environment are taken into account when allocating resources through the budget process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aea61f0-en
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    Oslo-Handbuch 2018 : Leitlinien für die Erhebung, Darstellung und Nutzung von Innovationsdaten, 4. Ausgabe (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264738560 , 9789264581777 , 9789264379695
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel d’Oslo 2018 : Lignes directrices pour le recueil, la communication et l’utilisation des données sur l’innovation, 4ème édition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo vadovas 2018: Duomenų apie inovacijas rinkimo, teikimo ir naudojimo gairės, Ketvirtasis Leidimas Mokslinės, technologinės ir inovacinės veiklos vertinimas
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Was ist Innovation und wie sollte sie gemessen werden? Kenntnisse über den Umfang der Innovationsaktivitäten, die Eigenschaften innovativer Unternehmen sowie interne und systemische Faktoren, die die Innovationstätigkeit beeinflussen können, sind Voraussetzung für die Umsetzung und Analyse von Maßnahmen zur Innovationsförderung. Das erstmals 1992 veröffentlichte Oslo-Handbuch ist das internationale Referenzwerk für die Erhebung und Nutzung von Innovationsdaten. Diese aktualisierte vierte Ausgabe deckt ein breiteres Spektrum von innovationsbezogenen Phänomenen ab und berücksichtigt die Erkenntnisse aus den jüngsten Innovationserhebungen in OECD-Mitgliedsländern sowie Partnervolkswirtschaften und -organisationen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d73fbba-de
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    How well do online job postings match national sources in large English speaking countries? : Benchmarking Lightcast data against statistical sources across regions, sectors and occupations (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper presents the first international assessment of the Lightcast vacancy data representativeness based on benchmarking against officially reported vacancy data in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis compares distributions in the Lightcast data versus official data across large (TL2) regions, industrial sectors and occupational categories. The analysis shows differences in representativeness across countries and on the three dimensions considered. In general, regional representativeness is considerably better than both occupational and sectoral representativeness.
    DOI: 10.1787/c17cae09-en
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    Co-ordination of green policies at the centre of government in Romania (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.45
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: This policy paper analyses the institutional mechanisms in place and under preparation in Romania to steer and co-ordinate policy development and action priorities relating to climate change. It also reviews the risks and opportunities for the newly created co-ordination mechanisms within the centre of government in this policy area, looks at how the co-ordination mechanisms for greening of the economy align with existing governance frameworks in terms of mandate, and discusses lessons learned from the framework for sustainable development. Drawing upon extensive consultations and peer input from OECD countries, this policy paper offers tailored recommendations for enhancing green governance in Romania.
    DOI: 10.1787/86439554-en
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    OECD Agenda for Transformative Science, Technology and Innovation Policies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.164
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Multiple crises are triggering turbulence, instability and insecurity in contemporary societies, with impacts on economies, the environment, politics, and global affairs. An effective response will require governments to be more ambitious and act with greater urgency in their science, technology and innovation (STI) policies to meet global challenges. Sustained investments and greater directionality in research and innovation activities are needed, and these should coincide with a reappraisal of STI systems and STI policies to ensure they are “fit-for-purpose” to contribute to transformative change agendas. This policy paper provides a framework to support governments in making these assessments. It identifies six STI policy orientations for transformative change that should guide these assessments. It applies these orientations across multiple areas of STI policy, including R&D funding, the research and innovation workforce, and international R&D co-operation, and outlines a series of concrete policy actions STI policymakers can take to accelerate transformative change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba2aaf7b-en
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    Fertile Futures : Scenario Analysis on the Interconnected Dynamics of Fertiliser and Agricultural Markets (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.207
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Fertilisers are crucial components of food systems, with impacts beyond agricultural markets. This study utilises the OECD-FAO Aglink-Cosimo model to examine the intricate interplay between fertiliser markets, policies, and their repercussions on agricultural markets, food security, and environmental sustainability over the medium term. Two distinct scenario analyses reveal significant insights. The first scenario shows that while short-term disruptions in fertiliser supply can be mitigated by existing stocks, prolonged deficits will increase global food prices by up to 6%, posing long-term threats to agriculture. In the second scenario, the removal of fertiliser subsidies in India leads to reduced domestic use, resulting in decreased agricultural production and exports coupled with increased imports. Although this will cause a modest 0.8% increase in global food prices, it will substantially cut agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, highlighting the pivotal role of domestic policies in attaining global environmental sustainability goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1606a57-en
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    Global Corporate Sustainability Report 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946163 , 9789264457232 , 9789264493476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility ; Nachhaltigkeitsbericht ; Unternehmensethik ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Global Corporate Sustainability Report aims to enhance the adoption of corporate governance policies that promote the sustainability and resilience of companies. It examines the evolving landscape of corporate sustainability practices worldwide and includes a focus on key dimensions outlined in the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, such as sustainability-related disclosure, shareholder-company dialogue, board responsibilities, and stakeholder interests. It offers comprehensive data analysis specifically designed to meet the needs of policymakers, regulators, and market participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/8416b635-en
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  • 38
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    Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Consolidated Commentary to the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (2023) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264814677
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Internationale Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: A key part of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project is addressing the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. In October 2021, over 135 jurisdictions joined a ground-breaking plan to update key elements of the international tax system which is no longer fit for purpose in a globalised and digitalised economy. The Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Rules are a key component of this plan and ensure large multinational enterprise pay a minimum level of tax on the income arising in each of the jurisdictions where they operate. More specifically, the GloBE Rules provide for a co-ordinated system of taxation that imposes a top-up tax on profits arising in a jurisdiction whenever the effective tax rate, determined on a jurisdictional basis, is below the minimum rate. The Commentary to the GloBE Rules was originally released by the Inclusive Framework in March 2022. The Commentary explains the intended outcomes under the GloBE Rules, clarifies the meaning of certain terms and illustrates the application of the rules to certain fact patterns. This Consolidated Commentary incorporates Agreed Administrative Guidance that has been released by the Inclusive Framework since March 2022 up until December 2023. It provides tax administrations and taxpayers with guidance on the interpretation and application of the GloBE Rules in order to promote a consistent and common interpretation and application of those that will facilitate coordinated outcomes for both tax administrations and MNE Groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/b849f926-en
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    Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.165
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Emerging technologies can contribute to unprecedented gains in health, energy, climate, food systems, and biodiversity. However, these technologies and their convergence sometimes carry risks to privacy, security, equity and human rights. This dual-edged nature of emerging technology requires policies that better anticipate disruptions and enable technology development for economic prosperity, resilience, security and sustainable development. Drawing on prior OECD work and legal instruments, this framework equips governments, other innovation actors and societies to anticipate and get ahead of governance challenges, and build longer-term capacities to shape innovation more effectively. Its “anticipatory technology governance” approach consists of five interdependent elements and associated governance tools: (1) embeding values throughout the innovation process; (2) enhancing foresight and technology assessment; (3) engaging stakeholders and society; (4) building regulation that is agile and adaptive; and (5) reinforcing international cooperation in science and norm-making. The emerging technology context determines how each of these elements is applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/0248ead5-en
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  • 40
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    How well do online job postings match national sources in European countries? : Benchmarking Lightcast data against statistical and labour agency sources across regions, sectors and occupation (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2024/02
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Data on online job postings represents an important source of information for local labour markets. Many countries lack statistics on labour demand that are sufficiently up-to-date and disaggregated across regions, sectors and occupations. Web-scraped data from online job postings can provide further insights on the trends in labour demand and the skills needed across regions, sectors and occupations. This paper assesses the comparability and validity between Lightcast and other data sources for Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden, for the years 2019 to 2022 across regions, sectors and occupations. It concludes with some recommendations for labour market analysts that want to use data on online job postings for assessing labour demand trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1026d81-en
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    Mapping and testing product-level vulnerabilities in granular production networks (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/02
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper conducts an in-depth mapping of global value chain (GVC) vulnerabilities, using granular product-level trade data to identify vulnerable products with limited suppliers and substitutability. The study reveals that, in OECD countries, approximately 8% of foreign-sourced intermediate products are vulnerable, with about 50 products identified as highly vulnerable, particularly in the pharmaceutical, mining, and manufacturing sectors. The paper also introduces a quantitative framework for simulating supply shock transmission from upstream suppliers to downstream industries over the short and medium term. This framework leverages unique data that combine Inter-Country Input-Output with detailed product-level trade data from Comtrade. Through simulation exercises, the paper highlights the role of supplier concentration and geography in shock transmissions, as well as the effectiveness of policies in mitigating these impacts. This novel cross-country assessment of GVC disruptions provides new insights on how to manage supply chains in a global economy subject to multiple risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9bcde495-en
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    Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264845589 , 9789264413832 , 9789264398047
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption et l'intégrité 2024
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectivas de anticorrupción e integridad 2024
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Interessenpolitik ; Politische Willensbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This first edition of the OECD Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook analyses Member countries’ efforts to uphold integrity and fight corruption. Based on data from the Public Integrity Indicators, it analyses the performance of countries’ integrity frameworks, and explores how some of the main challenges to governments today (including the green transition, artificial intelligence, and foreign interference) are increasing corruption and integrity risks for countries. It also addresses how the shortcomings in integrity systems can impede countries’ responses to these major challenges. In providing a snapshot of how countries are performing today, the Outlook supports strategic planning and policy work to strengthen public integrity for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/968587cd-en
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    Digital adoption during COVID-19 : Cross-country evidence from microdata (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented global economic downturn, affecting productivity, business dynamics, and digital technology adoption. Using a comprehensive commercial database from Spiceworks Ziff Davis, this study analyses the firm-level drivers of digitalisation during the pandemic across 20 European countries. The findings show that a considerable share of firms introduced new digital technologies during the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, firms that were larger, more digitalised, and more productive before the pandemic were more likely to introduce new digital technologies in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, firms with pre-existing complementary technologies had a higher likelihood of adopting digital applications that gained momentum during the pandemic (such as digital commerce, collaborative software, cloud, and analytics). These patterns may increase polarisation among the best-performing firms and the rest of the business population. Public policy can play a key role in fostering an inclusive digital transformation in the post-pandemic era.
    DOI: 10.1787/f63ca261-en
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    Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264875715 , 9789264648876 , 9789264939493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Finanzpolitik ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of gender budgeting practices across OECD countries, based on the 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting as well as trends from surveys conducted in 2016 and 2018. It takes stock of countries' progress in developing an effective and sustainable gender budgeting approach and discusses challenges and plans for the further development of gender budgeting. Country case studies highlight gender budgeting in practice. The report also presents the 2022 OECD Gender Budgeting Index, which compares the implementation of gender budgeting across five key areas: 1) institutional and strategic arrangements; 2) methods and tools; 3) enabling environment; 4) accountability and transparency; and 5) impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/647d546b-en
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    Framework for the Evaluation of SME and Entrepreneurship Policies and Programmes 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264385801 , 9789264710856 , 9789264851085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Evaluation is the foundation of evidence-based policy. Yet there is a dearth of reliable impact evaluation in the area of SME and entrepreneurship policy. This publication issues OECD guidance on how governments can promote reliable SME and entrepreneurship policy evaluation. It emphasises practices including using control groups, setting clear policy objectives and targets and accounting for business survival and non-survival. It shows that reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policy is increasingly accessible given improvements in data and techniques in recent years and illustrates this with examples of 50 reliable evaluations across many SME and entrepreneurship policy areas and 28 OECD countries. Overall, the publication issues a call for more systematic and reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies following the guidance offered. The publication also examines the findings of reliable evaluations internationally, including meta evaluations. The evidence is mixed but generally more robust and consistent for policies to improve access to finance than in the provision of training and advisory services. Some policies have positive impacts on key measures whereas others do not. The reasons are explored, including variations in the targeting of policies and in policy delivery approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/a4c818d1-en
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    Improving the Landscape for Sustainable Infrastructure Financing (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264893757 , 9789264284593 , 9789264720800
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report examines how to promote sustainable infrastructure investment. It discusses data needs for infrastructure investment and the current environment, social and governance (ESG) approaches before offering policy recommendations to help ensure that investors are better equipped to make investment decisions related to infrastructure assets. The report explores legal and regulatory barriers to quality infrastructure investment, and considers how governments can help infrastructure actors promote quality infrastructure projects, ensure project objectives and reporting correspond with investor expectations, and how to mobilise funding and financing for inclusive and quality infrastructure investment in both regions and cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc2757cd-en
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    Enhancing the insurance sector’s contribution to climate adaptation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Schadenversicherung ; Katastrophenschaden ; Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Insurance coverage plays an important role in protecting households, businesses and governments from the financial impacts of climate-related disasters. However, climate change is expected to increase the frequency and/or intensity of a range of climate-related (weather) perils and could potentially limit the availability of affordable insurance in the future. Risk reduction through adaptation to climate change will be the only sustainable means to limit the increase in future climate damages and losses and potential disruptions to insurance markets. This paper examines the contribution of the insurance sector to climate adaptation. It outlines some of the challenges to assessing future climate risks, encouraging policyholder risk reduction and supporting resilient reinstatement. The paper also identifies potential approaches that policymakers, regulators and supervisors could consider to support a greater contribution of the insurance sector to climate adaptation.
    DOI: 10.1787/0951dfcd-en
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    Enhancing intellectual property use for a stronger innovation ecosystem in Poland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.138
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and limitations of the intellectual property (IP) system in Poland. It offers policy recommendations to fully exploit the potential of IP to support an innovation-based economy. It finds that the key components of an effective IP strategy in Poland should include the promotion of IP use among economic actors and other stakeholders as well as information campaigns and training programmes to raise awareness and knowledge about the advantages of IP. Recommendations also include reducing barriers to IP use by lowering the costs of and simplifying IP-related procedures, and promoting the valorisation of IP held by universities to enhance technology transfer to the business sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/42e389fa-en
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    Sanitary and phytosanitary approval procedures : Key issues, their impact on trade, and ways to address them (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.192
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: Approval procedures are critical to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems as they uphold countries’ commitments to facilitate safe trade. However, they can create significant costs and act as non-tariff barriers if not properly administered. This report examines the costs and opportunities that are associated with seven of the most pressing issues related to the administration of approval procedures. The analysis reveals that countries have increasingly raised specific trade concerns (STCs) to the WTO about issues related to approval procedures. Furthermore, gravity analysis demonstrates that trading partners dealing with STCs related to approval procedures trade 26% less on average than those not dealing with any STC. An OECD survey specifically designed to evaluate how issues related to approval procedures can be addressed indicates that multiple solutions exist to enhance efficiencies in agro-food trade, such as digitalizing SPS systems, relying on international standards or simplifying SPS measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/35c3fd16-en
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    Policy Toolkit for Strengthening FDI and SME Linkages (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264476417 , 9789264527607 , 9789264551015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Strengthening linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is important to boost productivity and innovation across countries and regions in the OECD and beyond. This policy toolkit offers policy advice to national and subnational governments on how to increase knowledge and technology benefits from FDI on domestic SMEs and the local economy. It presents a conceptual framework for understanding the main enabling conditions and diffusion channels of FDI-SME linkages and spillovers, and a set of diagnostic tools to assess the spillover potential. It also provides an assessment tool for policy and institutional frameworks enabling FDI-SME linkages. This toolkit benefits from insights of a pilot mapping of policy initiatives across the 27 EU Member States, which are described in the second part of the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/688bde9a-en
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    How do mass lay-offs affect regional economies? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Mass lay-offs from firms and plant restructuring occur regularly and can have potentially large consequences on places and communities. Policy makers may consider supporting firms, in order to prevent mass lay-offs but at the risk of interfering with economic dynamism, or targeting affected workers, to help them transition to new employment. Which strategy (firms versus workers) is the most appropriate and under which circumstances can be informed by better understanding the nature of the economic impact from mass lay-offs. This paper estimates the impact of mass lay-offs between 2008-18 across small regions (TL3) in Europe on regional employment and productivity. It finds there are persistent negative employment effects of mass lay-offs, and rural regions are more negatively affected on average. In part because of differences in the nature of the firm in the region, its relationship with nearby suppliers and clients, and the broader economic context of the region, productivity effects can be both positive and negative over the longer term.
    DOI: 10.1787/99d48aeb-en
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    Labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.189
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Labour and skills shortages are a major concern in the agro-food sector across OECD countries. This challenge is compounded by the relatively small, and declining, contribution of agriculture to GDP, and the negative public perception of the sector with relatively low wages and limited career prospects. This paper reviews policies that have the potential to address labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector including labour market, education and training, social protection policies, immigration, as well as agricultural specific policies. Many of the policy levers used to address the agro-food labour challenge lie outside the sector and involve finding the right policy mix that tends to be country specific. Furthermore, some issues can be addressed by closer public and private collaboration such as improving working conditions, increasing investment in agricultural education and training of young entrants to the sector. Greater attention also needs to be given to improving the image of agriculture as a career choice, promoting a more diverse workforce, improving the alignment of skills to the needs of the sector, promoting continuous learning, and strengthening national advisory services.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed758aab-en
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    Identifying artificial intelligence actors using online data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper uses information collected and provided by GlassAI to analyse the characteristics and activities of companies and universities in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States that mention keywords related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) on their websites. The analysis finds that those companies tend to be young and small, mainly operate in the information and communication sector, have AI at the core of their business, and aim to provide customer solutions. It is noteworthy that the types of AI-related activities reported by them vary across sectors. Additionally, although universities are concentrated in and around large cities, this is not necessarily reflected in the intensity of AI-related activities. Taken together, this novel and timely evidence informs the debate on the most recent stages of digital transformation of the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f5307e7-en
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  • 54
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    What we know about the skills and early labour market outcomes of refugees from Ukraine (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ウクライナ難民のスキルと初期の労働市場の成果について
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Ukrainer ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Even though much uncertainty remains regarding the length of stay of Ukrainian refugees in host countries, continued fighting has dimmed prospects of an early return and the issue of labour market integration is becoming increasingly pertinent. Finding gainful employment commensurate with refugees’ educational and professional qualifications supports new arrivals in becoming self-sufficient and boosts the local economy. It also enables them to use and possibly further enhance their skills, which is crucial for the future recovery of Ukraine. This policy response outlines the existing evidence on the socio-economic profiles and labour market integration of Ukrainian refugees in OECD countries as well as relevant policies to further support labour market integration. Findings suggest that the labour market inclusion of Ukrainian refugees has been faster compared to other refugee groups. That said, much of the early employment uptake by Ukrainian refugees has been concentrated in low-skilled jobs, thus skills mismatches are widespread.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7e694aa-en
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    Subsidies to the steel industry : Insights from the OECD data collection (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.147
    Keywords: Stahlindustrie ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses subsidies provided to steel producers by examining firm-level data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and conducting desk research. It reveals that subsidy trends persist even in the face of existing overcapacity. Between 2008 and 2020, steel companies in partner economies obtained an average of 10.7 times more subsidies per crude steel production capacity unit than their counterparts in OECD countries. These subsidies took the form of cash grants, cash awards, and cost reimbursements. The report also finds that the national context significantly influences a jurisdiction's inclination to support its steel sector and the transparency of such subsidies. Some jurisdictions have prioritised the growth of their domestic steel industry by establishing firm goals for crude steel production, export, or concentration. Meanwhile, others have engaged in international collaboration to address global challenges related to the decarbonisation of the steel industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/06e7c89b-en
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    Improving the timeliness of health expenditure tracking in OECD and low- and middle-income countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that access to timely health spending data is crucial for informed policy-making. This Health Working Paper summarises and compares the methodologies applied in around half of OECD countries to estimate public and private health spending for the most recent year (i.e., t-1) as well as the approaches taken by the OECD Secretariat to fill existing data gaps for the remaining OECD countries. For the first time, the paper also explores the feasibility of nowcasting health spending for the current year (i.e., t) and examines data sources that could be potentially useful in such an exercise. While this review should help OECD countries that do not yet have experience in estimating health spending for year t-1 to improve the timeliness in their data reporting, the paper also analyses the applicability of the methods in low- and middle-income countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b699976-en
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    The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Telemedicine (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264758155 , 9789264484566 , 9789264420038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Keywords: E-Health ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The use of telemedicine was quite limited in most OECD countries before the COVID-19 pandemic, held back by regulatory barriers and hesitancy from patients and providers. In early 2020, as COVID-19 massively disrupted in-person care, governments moved quickly to promote the use of telemedicine. The number of teleconsultations skyrocketed, playing a vital role in maintaining access to care, but only partly offsetting reductions in in-person care. This report provides an overview of the use of telemedicine in OECD countries, describing how governments scaled up remote care during the pandemic and exploring the impact that this massive shift to remote care has had on health care system performance. Telemedicine may be here to stay, but questions remain concerning how to regulate its use, how to pay for it, how to integrate it with in-person care, and how to make sure that it constitutes good value for money for all. This report puts forth priorities for policy makers to inform the discussion and to promote the best use of remote care services in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac8b0a27-en
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    Equity and Inclusion in Education : Finding Strength through Diversity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264619999 , 9789264480933 , 9789264404526
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Bildungschancen ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Governments and education policy makers are increasingly concerned with equity and inclusion in education due to several major global trends such as demographic shifts, migration and refugee crises, rising inequalities, and climate change. These developments have contributed to increasing diversity within national populations and flagged some concerns around the ability of education systems to be equitable and inclusive of all students. This report by the Strength through Diversity project examines how education systems can respond to increasing diversity and foster greater equity and inclusion in education. Based on a holistic framework for studying diversity, equity and inclusion in education, the report examines five key policy areas (i.e., governance; resourcing; capacity building; school-level interventions, and monitoring and evaluation), provides examples of policies and practices, and offers policy advice on promoting more equitable and inclusive education systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9072e21-en
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    Pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture in an interconnected world : Climate change and pesticides (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.193
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Governments in many countries are pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture. However, in an interconnected world, the unilateral adoption of environmental policies for agriculture can reduce the producers’ competitiveness and induce pollution leakage. This report analyses these challenges and discusses policy solutions, focusing on two examples: climate change mitigation policies and policies limiting the environmental impacts of pesticides. The extent of competitiveness and leakage effects is found to depend on market conditions, differences in pollution intensity, and the type of environmental policy adopted. Two policy routes are identified to improve agriculture’s environmental performance while maintaining the benefits of global markets. The first route relies on “direct” environmental policies, such as market-based instruments or regulations, which are rapidly effective in limiting environmental impacts but may require additional complementary policies to limit their potential competitiveness and leakage impacts. The second route involves alternative policies acting on agricultural supply, demand, or through private sector engagement, which limit competitiveness and leakage impacts but may require time to be environmentally effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/99d917ab-en
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    Living wages in context : A comparative analysis for OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.13
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. The concept of a “living wage” has some limitations, including that it is operationalised in a variety of ways. This variety may serve the purpose of making it a more relevant instrument, typically by providing information on the cost of living that firms and social partners may embed in their wage-setting processes; however, the variety can also increase a lack of transparency. The paper reviews some of the most common methodologies, by identifying points of convergence and divergence. Living wage estimates produced by the Fair Wage Network are then put into context by benchmarking them against internationally comparable wage metrics and poverty lines. Finally, the paper presents a number of critical steps to strengthen the concept of a living wage. This paper does not assess the economic cost or feasibility of living wages, not at the firm level or at the broader industry and economy level. This paper advises using the living wage as one of the pieces of information that – when properly contextualised – could inform wage negotiations and wage policies set in consultation with social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e622174-en
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    Decentralised development co-operation : A global policy toolkit and guidance for practitioners (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.46
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Decentralised development cooperation (DDC), or partnerships for sustainable development between cities and regions in developed and developing countries, can help drive major global agendas forward. Achieving a sustainable, equitable and resilient future requires action from subnational governments in many key SDGs and emerging areas, such as the response to the global health crisis, support for refugees and implementing net-zero pathways. The Global policy toolkit: Guidance for practitioners shows how DDC can promote mutual benefits and peer-to-peer learning, bring development co-operation closer to people and their daily lives, and deliver technical services and expertise. By providing a repository of good practices and guidance on implementation modalities, the toolkit seeks to promote policy dialogue and mutual learning across DDC actors and to enhance DDC effectiveness, efficiency and impact worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3cb22851-en
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    Quantifying industrial strategies across nine OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.150
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Industrial policy has resurfaced prominently in academic and policy discussions in the wake of major shocks and long-term trends. However, quantifying industrial strategies across countries remains difficult. The ‘Quantifying Industrial Strategies’ (QuIS) project measures industrial policy expenditures by gathering and harmonising publicly available data, based on a new methodology. This report summarises the composition of industrial strategies in the first nine participating countries in terms of expenditures, priorities, and policy instruments for the period 2019-21. The report finds that industrial policies are sizeable, with 1.5% of GDP in grants and tax expenditures, and with an important heterogeneity across countries in terms of strategic priorities; industrial strategies mainly rely on sectoral instruments, representing on average 29% of grants and tax expenditures; and green instruments are important and rose significantly in six out of nine countries between 2019 and 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f2dcc8e-en
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    OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicators : Conceptual framework, design, methodology and preliminary results (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.59
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The governance of infrastructure can affect how and whether infrastructure projects achieve desired outcomes and contribute to wider policy goals. This paper presents the conceptual framework, design and methodology of the OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicators (IGIs). The IGIs support the implementation and monitoring of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Infrastructure. This paper also describes the key findings from the first set of IGIs, which cover three areas: long-term strategic vision for infrastructure; fiscal sustainability, affordability and value for money; and efficient and effective public procurement. It identifies the governance dimensions that are well developed across OECD countries and those that require improvements under each of the three areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/95c2cef2-en
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    Lessons learned from the implementation of the European Competency Framework for Public Procurement Professionals : Towards an international competency framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.32
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: Promoting the professionalisation of the public procurement workforce is gaining attention across EU Member States and OECD countries. To support professionalisation initiatives, the European Commission designed a scalable and structured tool to assess the skills and knowledge of public procurement professionals. This tool, known as ProcurCompEU, provides public organisations with the means to identify missing competences or areas where further capability-building initiatives could be implemented. To strengthen the relevance of the tool, the OECD has been supporting public administrations from several OECD countries in testing ProcurCompEU. This report provides insights on these pilots and draws lessons to further increase the scalability of the tool to different contexts and objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/a0b8c9b7-en
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    Verringerung der Prekarität wissenschaftlicher Laufbahnen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reducing the precarity of academic research careers
    Keywords: Wissenschaftler ; Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen und nimmt dabei insbesondere das „Wissenschaftsprekariat“ in den Blick: Postdokto-rand*innen mit befristeten Verträgen, die keine Aussicht auf Festanstellung oder Weiterbeschäftigung haben. Es werden Maßnahmen und Praktiken aufgezeigt, um die Lebensqualität von Wissenschaftler*innen zu erhöhen, diversere, gerechtere und inklusivere Wissenschaftssysteme zu schaffen, die besten wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchskräfte anzuwerben und zu halten und damit letztlich die Qualität der Forschung zu verbessern. Der Bericht bietet einen konzeptuellen Rahmen und einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Daten und Informationen zu Politikmaßnahmen. Er stützt sich auf eine in OECD-Ländern durchgeführte Erhebung, bestehend aus Ländernotizen und Interviews mit Politikverantwortlichen, Mittelgeber*innen, Vertreter*innen von Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Wissenschaftler*innen. Der Bericht präsentiert Empfehlungen und eine Reihe von Politikoptionen für die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, eine stärkere Verknüpfung von Mittelvergabe und Personalpolitik, inklusivere Governance-Strukturen, die Förderung von Chancengleichheit und Diversität, ein besseres Personalmanagement, mehr intersektorale und internationale Mobilität sowie eine breitere Evidenzbasis zu wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8314967-de
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    Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Green is Household Behaviour?: Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Les choix des ménages – quoi manger, par quel moyen se rendre au travail, comment se chauffer, etc. – sont lourds de conséquences pour l’environnement. Alors qu’il est plus que jamais nécessaire d’agir en faveur de l’environnement et d’évoluer vers des modes de consommation plus soutenables, rendre ces choix plus durables promet de réduire notablement les incidences environnementales. Or, dans un contexte marqué par une accumulation de crises interdépendantes, les gouvernements peinent à accompagner les ménages afin de concrétiser ce potentiel. Le présent ouvrage passe en revue les résultats de l’enquête 2022 de l’OCDE sur la politique de l’environnement et l’évolution des comportements individuels. Cette enquête porte sur les attitudes et les comportements des ménages concernant l’énergie, les transports, les déchets et les systèmes alimentaires. Elle a été réalisée auprès de plus de 17 000 ménages dans 9 pays : Belgique, Canada, États-Unis, France, Israël, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède et Suisse. L’enquête a aussi servi à recueillir des informations sur les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes interrogées changent de comportement et sur les obstacles qu’elles doivent surmonter, et offre de ce fait une source unique de données empiriques pour éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics en faveur de modes de consommation plus durables.
    DOI: 10.1787/6892a2e0-fr
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264806344 , 9789264792548 , 9789264498952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Spanien ; Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. The agricultural innovation and knowledge system could play a key role in addressing the environmental challenges and improving the sector’s resilience. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector. This report proposes a new policy approach, which puts innovation at the centre of a strategy to reconcile environmental performance and productivity growth. Its policy recommendations focus on actions to improve the agricultural knowledge and innovation system and make it more responsive to the most urgent environmental pressures. This requires strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework that supports agricultural innovation and creating incentives to tackle the impediments for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/a93d26be-en
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462045 , 9789264842250 , 9789264854727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Niederlande ; Agriculture and Food ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Netherlands has built an agricultural sector that is a world leader in productivity and competitiveness. But environmental challenges have grown increasingly urgent and the sector will have to adjust. A recent court ruling on nitrogen pollution has set the stage for a transition towards a more environmentally sustainable path that will be difficult and contentious. Leveraging the strong innovation capacity of the sector will be key to finding long-term solutions that work for farmers, citizens and the environment. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands takes stock of the current situation in the agriculture sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector, and make suggestions for a possible path forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb16dea4-en
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    Public Employment and Management 2023 : Towards a More Flexible Public Service (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264733046 , 9789264489981 , 9789264377912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Emploi et gestion publics 2023 : Vers une fonction publique plus flexible
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmanagement ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Nonprofit-Management ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: This is the second edition of a regular publication on public employment and management issues. This edition explores the theme of flexibility in the public service workforce through the angles of workforce mobility, learning and development, and flexible working arrangements. It presents comparative data and analysis as well as country-specific case studies to help governments design and embed greater flexibility. This report also features a synthesis of the OECD review of public service leadership and capability in the Brazilian Federal Public Service. Taken together, the insights of this edition can help guide and shape flexible work practices for a high-performing public service.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b378e11-en
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    Net Zero+ : Climate and Economic Resilience in a Changing World (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264648739 , 9789264604643 , 9789264868793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Zéro émission nette+ (version abrégée) : Résilience climatique et économique dans un monde en mutation
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Coping-Strategie ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment
    Abstract: Climate policy making today demands balancing the need for immediate, accelerated climate action with essential responses to punctual crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine. Meeting this challenge requires a new approach centred on systemic resilience and the need to develop future-proof climate and economic policies that will endure potential diverse disruptions. This report offers policy makers a cohesive set of recommendations on how to build such resilience, derived from climate-relevant work from across OECD policy domains including economic and tax policy, financial and fiscal affairs, development, science and technology, employment and social affairs, and environmental policy, among others. It provides fresh insights on how to ensure the transition to net-zero emissions is itself resilient, while simultaneously building resilience to the increasing impacts of climate change. This report provides a synthesis of the OECD Net Zero+ project, covering the first phase of an ongoing, cross-cutting initiative, representing a major step forward for an OECD whole-of-government approach to climate policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/da477dda-en
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  • 71
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    Living wages in practice (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.8
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; Niedriglohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. This Policy Insights introduces and contextualises the concept of a living wage. It also highlights the key measurement assumptions and criteria that underlie the calculations of a living wage and calls for greater clarity and consistency in existing methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/699b3f9b-en
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  • 72
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    Confronting the cost-of-living and housing crisis in cities (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.49
    Keywords: Verbraucherpreisindex ; Immobilienpreis ; Städtischer Wohnungsmarkt ; Städtischer Immobilienmarkt ; Miete ; Stadtbevölkerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cities across the world have been battling a housing crisis in recent decades, with many residents increasingly struggling to find affordable homes, and broader issues arising around tackling homelessness, improving housing quality, and harnessing the role of housing in climate change mitigation. This housing crisis has been exacerbated by the cost-of-living crisis that saw inflation reach record highs in 2022. City mayors can take critical action through their powers over housing, land use, and infrastructure. This paper highlights the systemic issues underlying the housing crisis in cities, and offers inspiring examples of how cities in OECD countries and beyond have been addressing these challenges. It aims to inform the 6th Meeting of OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth and drive positive change towards more affordable cities and homes for all.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a6008af-en
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  • 73
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    Mitigating the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural markets through trade (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.198
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: Extreme weather events can disrupt agricultural markets, but agricultural trade can help address subsequent food security concerns. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, this stochastic scenario analysis sheds light on the complex relationships between trade and food security in an environment where extreme weather events create uncertainty. The analysis suggests that trade integration makes countries less vulnerable to negative yield shocks by mitigating the risk of extreme food prices and by stabilising food availability. Although no model can capture the complex process and consequences of opening this sector to trade, it is clear that trade integration needs to be part of a wider coherent policy package to improve food security.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa584482-en
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  • 74
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises. They aim to encourage positive contributions enterprises can make to economic, environmental and social progress, and to minimise adverse impacts on matters covered by the Guidelines that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. The Guidelines cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labour rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, disclosure, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The 2023 edition of the Guidelines provides updated recommendations for responsible business conduct across key areas, such as climate change, biodiversity, technology, business integrity and supply chain due diligence, as well as updated implementation procedures for the National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/81f92357-en
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  • 75
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    Lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur de biodiversité des habitats agricoles propre à l'OCDE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guidelines for the development of an OECD farmland habitat biodiversity indicator
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: La moitié des terres habitables de la planète étant utilisée pour l'agriculture, la surveillance de la biodiversité des terres agricoles est essentielle pour atteindre les objectifs de la Convention des Nations Unies sur la diversité biologique (CDB). Ce document vise à faire progresser la surveillance de la biodiversité agricole dans les pays de l'OCDE en étudiant les initiatives nationales actuelles et en proposant des lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur fondé sur l'habitat. L'approche proposée fournit un cadre flexible et pragmatique pour harmoniser les rapports des programmes nationaux tout en tenant compte de la diversité des facteurs contextuels d'un pays à l'autre, notamment les systèmes agricoles, le climat, les conditions biophysiques et les pools d'espèces. Afin de faciliter la mise en œuvre de l'indicateur à court terme, il est prévu trois niveaux de notification, qui dépendent de la disponibilité des données, de sorte que tous les pays peuvent participer, qu'ils disposent de ressources limitées en matière de données ou qu'ils soient déjà dotés de programmes de surveillance.
    DOI: 10.1787/e72d9f28-fr
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  • 76
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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  • 77
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    The Future of Rural Manufacturing (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264572225 , 9789264361850 , 9789264433472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Ländliche Industrie ; Slowenien ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Frankreich ; Ländlicher Raum ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: The Future of Rural Manufacturing provides insights on the transformations that have occurred in manufacturing across rural regions in recent decades. It describes opportunities and challenges in this context, highlighting those relating to climate and demographic change and digitalisation, as well as shifting patterns in globalisation. With support from the European Commission, the project combines a wide range of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The former examines broad trends in manufacturing performance across OECD rural (TL3) regions between 2000 and 2019, with deeper dives that draw on more granular microdata in 14 OECD countries. Case studies were conducted across 12 regions in Slovenia, Germany, Italy, and France. They comprised interviews with over 300 local, regional, and national actors across government, private sector, universities, research institutes, NGOs and non-profit community organisations. The project also benefited from foresight and futures workshops conducted in January and July 2022 with experts and policymakers across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/e065530c-en
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  • 78
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    Breaking the Cycle of Gender-based Violence : Translating Evidence into Action for Victim/Survivor-centred Governance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264704350 , 9789264381506 , 9789264555617
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gewalt ; Häusliche Gewalt ; Frauen ; Prävention ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: An alarming number of women and girls become victims/survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) at least once during their lifetime. While GBV has garnered more attention from policymakers in recent years, and has become a top gender-equality priority for OECD countries, significant challenges remain in all countries. This report promotes a comprehensive approach to breaking the cycle of GBV by combining insights from recent OECD work with robust evidence from surveys and questionnaires conducted in OECD Member countries. It offers recommendations for a comprehensive OECD GBV Governance Framework encompassing laws and access to justice, transforming restrictive gender norms, and integrating service delivery to prevent, address and - ultimately - end this violation of human rights.
    DOI: 10.1787/b133e75c-en
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  • 79
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    Understanding international measures of health spending : Age-adjusting expenditure on health (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Messung ; Altersstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing health system performance over time or across countries often means comparing populations with very different characteristics, including age structure. The share of the population aged 65 years and over ranges from less than 1 in 10 in some of the Latin American countries of the OECD to almost 3 in 10 in Japan. At the same time, populations are aging rapidly - on average across the OECD, there are 20% more people over 65 since 2015. Since risk of illness and ill-health generally increases with age, a population with an older demographic structure can expect higher mortality rates, greater incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, and thus higher demands for healthcare and, by consequence, higher spending on health. This working paper argues that the level of health spending depends not only on the size of the population (among other factors), but also on the demographic structure of the population. The paper reviews the international literature on age-adjusting health spending, and examines three methods of age-adjustment to report and compare health expenditure data between OECD countries and over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/043ed664-en
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  • 80
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    Platform cooperatives and employment : An alternative for platform work (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/16
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Platform cooperatives refer to cooperatives that are directly owned and managed by their members and that use websites and/or mobile apps to sell goods and/or services. They have emerged in large part as alternatives to digital labour platforms to promote better working conditions with evidence of significant growth in recent years. This paper provides an overview of employment in platform cooperatives and offers insights on their distinctive features. In particular, it provides i) insights on working conditions associated with such platforms; ii) an overview on the challenges they face in creating jobs as well as scaling up, developing and expanding their activity; and iii) policy recommendations and examples of policy actions that could help policy makers best support them to generate work opportunities and enhance job quality. This paper was produced as part of the OECD Global Action on Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems, funded by the European Union's Foreign Partnership Instrument.
    DOI: 10.1787/3eab339f-en
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  • 81
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    The social and solidarity economy as a partner along the refugee journey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/15
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Produced as part of the OECD Global Action "Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems" funded by the European Union, this paper explores the role of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) in implementing and complementing public systems for refugee protection, reception and integration. In particular, it reviews the different activities SSE entities can deploy in support of forcibly displaced populations, asylum seekers and refugees, along their journey from origin through to destination countries. Finally, it offers some policy considerations on how the SSE can help national and local governments identify win-win solutions for refugee and host communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/174514e3-en
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  • 82
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    The G20 initiative for rural youth employment : A better future for rural youth (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.48
    Keywords: Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Between 2017 and 2022, G20 members invested over USD 20 billion in 671 projects related to rural youth employment in Africa. The G20 Initiative for Rural Youth Employment (RYE), launched in 2017, overachieved the targets set to provide employment-related skills to 5 million youth and create 1.1 million jobs by 2022. The most common types of interventions were those focused on agriculture value chain development, skills training, and the promotion of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses. The paper assesses the achievements of the G20 Initiative for RYE, analyses different RYE programmes and provides recommendations for future G20 initiatives and RYE programming. Despite great progress, much remains to be done to tackle rural youth employment challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac173afe-en
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  • 83
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    Developing a set of indicators to monitor the performance of the pharmaceutical industry (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.157
    Keywords: Pharmaindustrie ; Performance-Messung ; Transparenz ; Stakeholder ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The 2018 OECD report Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines noted that public debates about pharmaceutical policy are often marked by a lack of authoritative and commonly accepted information supporting the arguments of the stakeholders involved. A set of agreed indicators would facilitate better informed, more fact-based pharmaceutical policy debates to benefit all stakeholders, including the general public, policy makers, and the industry itself, and could help restore and strengthen trust among them. As part of its broader work agenda on "Increasing the transparency of pharmaceutical markets to inform policies", the OECD undertook a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a set of core indicators. The selection of indicators was guided by the principle that health policy aims to improve population health, and that access to effective medicines produced by a viable industry is essential to achieving that objective. To help policy makers understand how financial resources in the pharmaceutical industry contribute to the research and development of effective products in areas of need, indicators should cover three domains: inputs, including financial flows into the industry; activity, including financial performance and R&D expenditure and activity; and outputs, capturing product outflows and benefit to health systems. This paper presents the key findings on the feasibility of populating indicators to address the input and activity domains within this framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b5ca61c-en
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  • 84
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    Améliorer l'efficacité des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/05
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Schulungsprogrammen für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le présent document d'orientation intitulé « Améliorer les programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social » a été produit par l'OCDE et la Commission européenne. Il traite de l'importance des programmes de formation et présente une vue d'ensemble des types de programmes de formation disponibles. Il analyse également les possibilités pour les pouvoirs publics de renforcer ces programmes de formation et fournit des conseils sur la manière de concevoir des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social plus efficaces.
    DOI: 10.1787/206df2e9-fr
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  • 85
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    Impact indicators for culture, sports and business events : A guide - Part II (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This OECD Guide sets out a framework of indicators to measure the impact of global events on local development. Global events (including culture, sports and business events) can have a significant impact on local development. Yet measuring this impact in a consistent, reliable, and comprehensive way can be challenging. This Guide presents a set of indicators which events hosts can incorporate into their evaluation strategy to assess the economic, social, and environmental impact of their event. It offers practical guidance and advice on how to implement this framework, alongside examples of indicator use. In doing so, the Guide supports the OECD Recommendation on Global Events and Local Development, which helps countries and future hosts bring greater local benefits and legacies from global events. This Guide can be read alongside "How to measure the impact of culture, sports and business events: A guide - Part I".
    DOI: 10.1787/e2062a5b-en
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  • 86
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    OECD Secretary-General Report to G20 Leaders on the work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (India, September 2023) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment
    Abstract: The Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) is the OECD's flagship initiative to help optimise the global impact of emissions reduction efforts around the world. This report presents developments since the first meeting of the initiative in February 2023, including the latest updates in terms of country membership and technical work, and outlines next steps.
    DOI: 10.1787/29d18ce5-en
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  • 87
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    CSNI Status Report and Perspectives : Advances in the Analysis and Management of Accidents and Future Challenges (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264817753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nukleare Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: International co-operation is key to keep enhancing global nuclear safety. In this regard, the NEA Working Group on the Analysis and Management of Accidents (WGAMA) seeks to advance the scientific and technological knowledge base needed for the prevention, mitigation and management of potential accidents in nuclear power plants, and to encourage international convergence on safety issues in this area. This report aims to facilitate communication between reactor safety stakeholders by summarising the main aspects of the WGAMA activities. It discusses the key safety topics related to the analysis and management of accidents and their context; the approach and methodologies to cope with reactor safety issues; recent reactor safety issues that have been dealt with; and potential future activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b12e37e-en
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  • 88
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    CSNI Technical Opinion Paper No. 21 : Research Recommendations to Support the Safe Deployment of Small Modular Reactors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264821668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nukleare Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: While there is a growing interest in the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a promising option to help mitigate climate change, further international efforts are needed to accelerate the development and safety demonstration of the innovative technologies that are being considered for many of these SMRs. This publication presents the actions taken by the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its expert group on SMRs to define the areas of future CSNI research and safety assessment work needed to support sound safety demonstrations for SMRs. The proposed activities address four areas: support for regulatory harmonisation, common safety issues of interest for different designs, experimental campaigns, and benchmarking for computer code validation and verification.
    DOI: 10.1787/0df32944-en
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  • 89
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    G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264346581 , 9789264644953 , 9789264761827
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes de gouvernance d'entreprise du G20 et de l'OCDE 2023
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Regulierung ; G20-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance help policy makers evaluate and improve the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for corporate governance. They identify the key building blocks for a sound corporate governance framework and offer practical guidance for implementation at the national level. The Principles also provide guidance for stock exchanges, investors, corporations and others that have a role in developing good corporate governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed750b30-en
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  • 90
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    Main Findings from the 2022 OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765085 , 9789264918832 , 9789264808416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Verbraucherpreisindex ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Prices of essentials like energy and food have increased dramatically in OECD countries, adding uncertainty to household finances despite a persistently strong labour market post COVID-19. The latest edition of the OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) survey confirms that costs of living are at the top of people's minds even in the world's wealthiest countries: around nine in ten respondents, on average, report feeling concerned about inflation. Drawing on a representative sample of 27 000 respondents across 27 OECD countries, RTM illustrates respondents' perceived economic risks, levels of satisfaction with current social policies, and preferences for future government action on social protection. People are calling on governments to help with the cost-of-living crisis, to spend more on health post COVID-19, and to reinforce support for older people, including in long-term care. Based on a comprehensive cross-national survey of perceptions of social protection, this report offers lessons for the functioning of social programmes as countries emerge from COVID-19, manage the cost-of-living crisis, and plan for future challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/70aea928-en
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  • 91
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    Harnessing "New Space" for Sustainable Growth of the Space Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Weltraumtechnik ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: "New space", characterised by new commercial players bringing cutting-edge business techniques and funding methods to space activities, has brought disruptive innovation and democratised access to space. But there also reasons for concern, as this has led to an intensified use of the orbital environment, creating more congestion and debris. Furthermore, the vitality of the "new space" ecosystem is under threat from economic shocks and market entrenchment. This G20 background paper examines the emergence of the "new space" ecosystem over the last 15 years, its impact on the space sector and society at large and the role of governments in ensuring sustained and sustainable growth of the sector. The paper provides a definition of "new space" activities to better target policy responses and suggests policy options to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/a67b1a1c-en
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  • 92
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    Measuring governments' R&D funding response to COVID-19 : An application of the OECD Fundstat infrastructure to the analysis of R&D directionality (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper presents new evidence on the size and direction of governments' R&D funding response to the COVID-19 pandemic through the exploration of a novel data infrastructure, the OECD Fundstat initiative for the analysis of government-funded R&D projects. The document reports on the exploratory development and application of automatic classification tools to detect relevant COVID-19 R&D funding, map salient topics and classify and allocate project funding according to priorities in the WHO COVID-19 R&D Blueprint, as well as comparing results with similar analysis of scientific publication output data. The results provide new insights on which areas of enquiry were prioritised by governmental R&D funding bodies.
    DOI: 10.1787/4889f5f2-en
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  • 93
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    Enhancing International Tax Transparency on Real Estate : OECD Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Renforcer la transparence fiscale internationale dans le secteur de l'immobilier : Rapport de l'OCDE à l'intention des Ministres des Finances et des Gouverneurs de Banque Centrale du G20
    Keywords: Grundeigentum ; Immobilien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Fiskalische Transparenz ; Steuer ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Following a request from the Indian G20 Presidency, this report examines the current state of tax transparency concerning foreign-owned real estate. It also explores how recent advancements in other tax transparency frameworks, such as the OECD/G20 Common Reporting Standard, and broader policy developments, such as the Financial Action Task Force's work on beneficial ownership, could inform possible improvements to tax transparency in the area of real estate on a voluntary basis. The report is set out in three main sections. The first addresses the potential tax compliance risks in the area of foreign real estate holdings and highlights the benefits of enhanced tax transparency in this area. The second outlines the key domestic and international features required for a successful tax transparency framework. The final section identifies potential short-term and structural improvements to the existing architecture.
    DOI: 10.1787/37292361-en
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  • 94
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    Entrepreneurial opportunities and working conditions of self-employed online freelancers in the platform economy : Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.45
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the experiences of self-employed online freelancers working on digital labour platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on interviews with freelancers and platform managers and experts in Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Their experiences during COVID-19 reveal issues of asymmetric power vis-à-vis platforms. Notably, they reported lack of transparency and certainty in their contracts with platforms, lack of power in negotiating with clients, and limited ability to engage with clients on other platforms. In addition, they often experienced difficulties in accessing government temporary supports for businesses during the pandemic. The paper puts forward policy recommendations to address these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/ebc310de-en
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  • 95
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    Les secteurs de la culture et de la création comme levier de développement des régions ultrapériphériques de l'Union européenne (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/21
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Leveraging cultural and creative sectors for development in the European Union outermost regions
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; French Guiana ; Mayotte ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce rapport évalue l'état actuel et le potentiel futur des secteurs de la culture et de la création (SCC) dans les neuf régions ultrapériphériques de l'Union européenne : la Guadeloupe, la Guyane française, la Martinique, Mayotte, la Réunion et Saint-Martin (France) ; les Açores et Madère (Portugal) ; et les îles Canaries (Espagne). Les tendances mondiales, telles que l’augmentation du tourisme culturel, le commerce des biens et services créatifs et les IDE dans les SCC, offrent aux RUP de l’UE d’importantes opportunités de développer leurs secteurs de la culture et de la création, de promouvoir les synergies avec le tourisme et de contribuer à la création d’emplois. En outre, les politiques de SCC peuvent également améliorer le bien-être et la cohésion sociale en préservant et en promouvant le patrimoine culturel local et en encourageant la participation culturelle. Une politique de SCC qui capitalise sur ces tendances mondiales, tout en reconnaissant le contexte spécifique des RUP de l'UE, pourrait contribuer à promouvoir ces domaines et à contribuer au développement local.
    DOI: 10.1787/6eb173d8-fr
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  • 96
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    Impacts of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on the shipping and shipbuilding markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Belarus ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has had profound effects on the maritime sector. It directly disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, causing the suspension of Ukrainian port operations and agricultural exports. Although an export corridor temporarily resumed activities, the termination of the agreement in July 2023 continues to affect Ukrainian shipping. International sanctions against Russia and Belarus have notably targeted shipowners and shipbuilders, restricting Russian ships' access to OECD ports. These sanctions have also halted orders for Russian ship owners in OECD countries, reducing new orders and vessel completions in Russian shipyards. While global seaborne trade and ship demand remain relatively unaffected, the war has prompted longer-term impacts such as altered trading routes, changes in energy demand and costs, potential implications for maritime decarbonisation, and an increase in "dark fleet" vessels.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f925e43-en
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  • 97
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    Cultura e Desenvolvimento Local: Maximizando o Impacto : Um guia para governos locais, comunidades e museus (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture and local development: maximising the impact: A guide for local governments, communities and museums
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 文化と地域発展： 最大限の成果を求めて 地方政府、 コミュニティ、ミュージアム: 向けのガイド
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Este Guia fornece um roteiro para governos locais, comunidades e museus sobre como definir em conjunto uma agenda de desenvolvimento local. Cinco dimensões são consideradas: 1. Alavancar o poder dos museus para o desenvolvimento económico local, 2. Desenvolver o papel dos museus para a regeneração urbana e o desenvolvimento comunitário, 3. Catalisar sociedades culturalmente conscientes e criativas, 4. Promover os museus como espaços de inclusão, saúde e bem-estar, 5. Integrar o papel dos museus no desenvolvimento local.
    DOI: 10.1787/0136c5b7-pt
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  • 98
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    Inventaire OCDE des mesures de soutien pour les combustibles fossiles 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2023
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Malgré les engagements visant à intensifier et à accélérer l’action climatique, le coût budgétaire du soutien public aux combustibles fossiles a presque doublé en 2022 pour atteindre plus de 1 400 milliards de dollars, alors que les gouvernements des pays de l’OCDE et des pays partenaires ont lancé des initiatives substantielles pour atténuer les coûts énergétiques élevés pour les ménages et les entreprises, causés en partie par la guerre d'agression de la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Cette tendance croissante constitue une menace réelle pour nos objectifs collectifs de zéro émission nette et met en évidence les défis que représentent le respect des engagements de zéro émission nette face aux perturbations géopolitiques et économiques. À l’avenir, il sera essentiel de réformer les mesures de soutien afin de mieux cibler ceux qui en ont le plus besoin. Le soutien aux combustibles fossiles devrait aussi être progressivement supprimé dès que possible. Cela contribuera à libérer des ressources indispensables à la transition vers zéro émission nette et à accélérer l’innovation pour améliorer l’efficacité énergétique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a234d8b-fr
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  • 99
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    Determinación del precio de los minerales : Un marco en materia de precios de transferencia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cadre de détermination des prix de transfert appliqué aux prix des minéraux
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Determining the Price of Minerals: A Transfer Pricing Framework
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Taxation
    Abstract: En el sector minero, los ingresos públicos se generan mediante la recaudación de regalías mineras e impuestos sobre la renta calculados sobre el valor del mineral comercializado. Sin embargo, debido a la frecuencia y la escala de las transacciones entre partes vinculadas, el riesgo potencial para los ingresos fiscales que supone la manipulación de los precios de transferencia puede ser elevado, especialmente en torno al valor de los minerales extraídos. Este conjunto de herramientas proporciona orientaciones prácticas y significativas para que los países en desarrollo determinen el precio de los minerales vendidos a partes vinculadas utilizando el principio de plena competencia. Ofrece un marco sobre cómo utilizar los principios de precios de transferencia para aplicar el método del Precio Comparable No Controlado, incluida la identificación de los principales factores económicos que influyen en el precio de los minerales ("marco de precios de los minerales") para garantizar que los países en desarrollo puedan gravar adecuadamente las exportaciones de minerales. También incluye enfoques administrativos simplificados para fijar el precio de las ventas de minerales que podrían reducir la carga administrativa de los países en desarrollo.
    DOI: 10.1787/b006913a-es
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  • 100
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    Enhancing Rural Innovation in the United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866683 , 9789264697263 , 9789264367203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Innovation ; Ländlicher Raum ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; USA ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: When it comes to high-tech innovations, the United States leads the path amongst OECD economies. However, in the context of the national record-breaking activities in high tech innovation, there lies distinct and growing geographical disparities. This report dives into strategies for better understanding innovation that occurs in rural places, and places outside major metropolitan areas, often going beyond science and technology. It provides analysis and recommendations to support regional development initiatives aimed at closing the gaps in innovation between rural and urban areas. The report includes a special topic chapter on the role of broadband and education in rural areas, exploring trends and providing policy recommendations to enhance rural innovation through these specific and critical framework conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/22a8261b-en
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