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  • 1980-1984  (55)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (55)
  • History  (55)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789400961166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 104
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 104
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Religion. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I. Prehistory, from 1564 to about 1670 -- 1. Introductory; Pierre Viret’s ‘déistes’ at Lyon, and two characters in Bodin -- 2. The 1620s: Mersenne and the ‘poème des déistes’ -- 3. The absence of deistic ideas from 1630 to 1670 -- II. The later seventeenth century: precursors and definitions, from Saint-Evremond to Bayle -- 4. Saint-Evremond and the decline of fideism -- 5. The Utopian religions of Foigny and Veiras -- 6. Definitions and accusations, 1670–1700; ‘deism’ as a term of opprobrium -- 7. The Turkish Spy -- III. The first French deists, 1700–1715 -- 8. Gilbert’s Calejava: rational deism with Protestant overtones -- 9. Lahontan and Gueudeville: natural religion from Canada -- 10. The anti-Christian deism of the Militaire philosophe -- 11. The Examen de la religion and other clandestine works -- 12. Tyssot de Patot: types of deism and religious criticism -- IV. Deistic ideas in the early works of Montesquieu and Voltaire -- 13. Montesquieu: Lettres persanes -- 14. Voltaire: Lettres philosophiques -- 15. Conclusions -- Biography -- Literary allusions -- Religious attitudes -- Bibliography: 1. Manuscripts and published works discussed in the text as examples or precursors of deism -- 2. Editions, used for reference, of works by major authors -- 3. Secondary authorities, cited in the notes or of general interest for the subject; excluding works cited in the Appendix.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400965256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reflections on Change -- I. Historical Dimensions -- The Mechanical Philosophy and Its Problems: Mechanical Explanations, Impenetrability, and Perpetual Motion -- Ghosts in the World Machine: A Taxonomy of Leibnizian Forces -- The Notion of Experimental Physics in Early Eighteenth-Century France -- Some Pragmatic Aspects of the Methodology of Johann Heinrich Lambert -- Classical Wage Theory and the Causal Complications of Explaining Distribution -- Genetic Epistemology in the Context of Evolutionary Epistemology -- II. Conceptual Considerations -- Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- In Praise of Cumulative Progress -- Kuhn’s Critique of Methodology -- Scientific Discovery and Theory-Confirmation -- Meaning, Acceptance, and Dialectics -- Extraterrestrial Science.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789400964969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Study in the History of Logic and Philosophy 26
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Notes -- Rules for Solving Sophisms, Chapter 5: On Maxima and Minima -- 1: Introduction and basic notions -- 2: Conditions under which limits exist -- 3: Rules for the choice of limit in each case. -- 4: Objections and replies concerning the general program -- 5: Objections and replies concerning the conditions under which limits exist -- 6: Objections and replies concerning the choice of limits -- Notes -- Treatise Concerning Maxima and Minima -- 1: The four-fold distinction -- 2: Exposition of the members of the distinction -- 3: Requirements for correct application of the division -- 4: Rules for choosing the correct part of the division -- 5: Doubts concerning what has been said -- Notes -- Tractatus de Maximo et Minimo -- Study -- 1. The nature of Heytesbury’s “De maximo et minimo” and his theory -- 2. The tradition behind the theory -- 3. The fundamentals of the theory -- 4. Conditions for the existence of a limit -- 5. The choice of limit -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Indices -- Index of names and topics -- Index of sophismata -- Scholars cited.
    Abstract: This book began with my edition of the anonymous treatise. A translation and notes seemed essential if the material of the treatise was to be understood. It then seemed that Chapter 5 of Heytesbury's Rules for Solving Sophismata, on which the treatise was based, should also be included. My translation of the Heytesbury treatise is based on a fifteenth-century edition, supplemented by readings from a few of the better manuscripts. (A critical edition from all the manuscripts, of which Chapter 5 will be mine, is now in progress under the supervision of Paul Spade, but only a few insignificant changes in the translation should be necessitated by the completed edition. ) An examination of related materials seemed reasonable, and these included Heytesbury's commentator Gaetano, as well as a chapter from a treatise by Johannes Venator (in an edition in progress provided by Francesco del Punta). It seemed unnecessary to publish Gaetano's and Venator's related works in this volume, but all their departures from Heytesbury and the anonymous treatise are noted here. I have not examined other works in the tradition in any detail. I owe a great deal to my teacher, Norman Kretzmann, not only as regards the edition and translations, but also as regards the notes, study and introduction. The referees of the typescript (to me unknown) made unusually thorough criticisms and suggestions to which I have paid close attention. The book is far better for my having done so.
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 64
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Remarks to the Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences -- The Scholar, the Liberal Ideal, and the Philosophy of Science -- I. The Sciences -- Conceptual Analysis and Scientific Theory in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature (with Special Reference to Hegel’s Optics) -- A Comment on Buchdahl’s Paper -- The Chemical System of Substances, Forces and Processes in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature and the Science of His Time -- Hegel and the Celestial Mechanics of Newton and Einstein -- The Hegelian Treatment of Biology and Life -- More Comments on the Place of the Organic in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature -- Hegel and the Organic View of Nature -- Hegel’s Philosophical Understanding of Illness -- On Hegel’s Significance for the Social Sciences -- Hegel’s Conception of Psychology -- II. Philosophy and Methodology of Science -- The Dialectical Structure of Scientific Thinking -- Is the Progress of Science Dialectical? -- Some ‘Moments’ of Hegel’s Relation to the Sciences -- Hegel’s ‘Deduction of the Concept of Science’ -- Theory and Praxis and the Beginning of Science -- The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science -- III. Dialectics and Logic -- Hegel’s Logic from a Logical Point of View -- The Dynamics of Hegelian Dialectics, and Non-Linearity in the Sciences -- Mathematical Dialectics, Scientific Logic and the Psychoanalysis of Thinking [Comment on Kosok and Gauthier] -- Comments on Kosok’s Interpretation of Hegel’s Logic -- Bibliographical Note -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: To the scientists and philosophers of our time, Hegel has been either a ne­ glected or a provocative thinker, a source of irrelevant dark metaphysics or of complex but insightful analysis. His influence upon the work of natural scientists has seemed minimal, in the main; and his stimulus to the nascent sciences of society and to psychology has seemed to be as often an obstacle as an encouragement. Nevertheless his philosophical analysis of knowledge and the knowing process, of concepts and their evolutionary formation, of rationality in its forms and histories, of the stages of empirical awareness and human practice, all set within his endless inquiries into cultural formations from the entire sweep of human experience, must, we believe, be confronted by anyone who wants to understand the scientific consciousness. Indeed, we may wish to situate the changing theories of nature, and of humankind in nature, within a philosophical account of men and women as social practi­ tioners and as sensing, thinking, feeling centers of privacy; and then we will see the work of Hegel as a major effort to mediate between the purest of epistemological investigations and the most practical of the political and the religious. This book, long delayed to our deep regret, derives from a Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences which was sponsored jointly by the Hegel Society of America and the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science a decade ago.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 14
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Science Philosophy ; History
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Colonial cities
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: History ; Kolonie ; Stadtentwicklung ; Geschichte ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kolonialstadt
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Colonial Cities: Global Pivots of Change -- II: Case Studies -- 3. Central America’s Autarkic Colonial Cities (1600–1800) -- 4. Zeelandia, A Dutch Colonial City on Formosa (1624–1662) -- 5. An Insane Administration and an Unsanitary Town: The Dutch East India Company and Batavia (1619–1799) -- 6. Eighteenth-Century Calcutta -- 7. Cape Town (1750–1850): Synthesis in the Dialectic of Continents -- 8. Rio de Janeiro: From Colonial Town to Imperial Capital (1808–1850) -- 9. A Caribbean Creole Capital: Kingston, Jamaica (1692–1938) -- 10. Algiers: Colonial Metropolis (1830–1961) -- 11. Saigon, or the Failure of an Ambition (1858–1945) -- 12. Dakar, Ville impériale (1857–1960) -- 13. Bombay: From Fishing Village to Colonial Port City (1662–1947) -- III: Epilogue -- 14. The Colonial City and the Post-Colonial World -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Abstract: by ROBERT ROSS and GERARD J. TELKAMP I In a sense, cities were superfluous to the purposes of colonists. The Europeans who founded empires outside their own continent were primarily concerned with extracting those products which they could not acquire within Europe. These goods were largely agricultural, and grown most often in a climate not found within Europe. Even when, as in India before 1800, the major exports were manufactures, in general they were still made in the countryside rather than in the great cities. It was only on rare occasion when great mineral wealth was discovered that giant metropolises grew up around the site of extraction. Since their location was deter­ mined by geology, not economics, they might be in the most inaccessible and in­ convenient areas, but they too would draw labour off from the agricultural pursuits of the colony as a whole. From the point of view of the colonists, the cities were therefore in some respects necessary evils, as they were parasites on the rural producers, competing with the colonists in the process of surplus extraction. Nevertheless, the colonists could not do without cities. The requirements of colonisation demanded many unequivocally urban functions. Pre-eminent among these was of course the need for a port, to allow the export of colonial wares and the import of goods from Europe, or from other parts of the non-European world, in the country-trade as it was known around India.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789400963313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 84
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend -- How To Be a Good Philosopher of Science: A Plea for Empiricism in Matters Methodological [Commentary on Burian] -- Feedback, Selection, and Function: A Reductionistic Account of Goal-Orientation -- Philosophy of Science 2001 -- The Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences -- Comments on Jost Halfmann’s ‘Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences’ -- Philosophy of Science and the Origin of Life -- Sociobiology, Anti-Sociobiology, Epistemology, and Human Nature -- Substance and Its Logical Significance -- Tracking Down the Misplaced Concreton in the Neurosciences -- Does Popper’s Conventionalism Contradict his Critical Rationalism? Objections against Popper in German Philosophy and Some Metacritical Remarks -- How to Explore the History of Ancient Mathematics? -- Nature on Trial: The Case of the Rooster that Laid an Egg -- Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’ -- Toward the Vindication of Friedrich Engels -- Bibliography of the Writings of Benjamin Nelson -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This selection of papers that were presented (or nearly so!) to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during the seventies fairly re­ presents some of the most disturbing issues of scientific knowledge in these years. To the distant observer, it may seem that the defense of rational standards, objective reference, methodical self-correction, even the distin­ guishing of the foolish from the sensible and the truth-seeking from the ideological, has nearly collapsed. In fact, the defense may be seen to have shifted; the knowledge business came under scrutiny decades ago and, indeed, from the time of Francis Bacon and even far earlier, the practicality of the discovery of knowledge was either hailed or lamented. So the defense may be founded on the premise that science may yet be liberating. In that case, the analysis of philosophical issues expands to embrace issues of social interest and social function, of instrumentality and arbitrary perspective, of biological constraints (upon knowledge as well as upon the species-wide behavior of human beings in other relationships too), of distortions due to explanatory metaphors and imposed categories, and of radical comparisons among the perspectives of different civilizations. Some of our contributors are frankly programmatic, showing how problems must be formulated afresh, how evasions must be identified and omissions rectified, but they do not reach their own completion.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401097314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 78
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 78
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Critical Papers -- 1: Philosophy and the Analysis of Language -- 2: Mathematical Ideals and Metaphysical Concepts -- 3: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions -- 4: The Paradigm Concept -- 5: Meaning and Scientific Change -- 6: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part I -- II. Analyses of Issues -- 7: Space, Time, and Language -- 8: Interpretations of Science in America -- 9: Unity and Method in Contemporary Science -- 10: What Can the Theory of Knowledge Learn from the History of Knowledge? -- III. Toward a Systematic Philosophy of Science -- 11: The Character of Scientific Change -- 12: The Scope and Limits of Scientific Change -- 13: Scientific Theories and Their Domains -- 14: Remarks on the Concepts of Domain and Field -- 15: Alteration of Goals and Language in the Development of Science -- 16: The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy (Summary version) -- 17: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part II -- 18: Reason, Reference, and the Quest for Knowledge -- 19: Modern Science and the Philosophical Tradition -- List Of Publications -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Abstract: An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up­ start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat­ ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph­ ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400969469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 22
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Marsilius of Inghen’s life and Works -- 3. Marsilius’ Teachings -- 4. Conspectus of the Manuscripts, Incunabula and Post-Incunabula -- 5. The Establishment of the Present Edition -- 6. Title of the Treatises -- II. Text and Translation -- List of Signs -- Apparatus Criticus -- III. Notes to the Text -- 1. Notes to the Suppositiones -- 2. Notes to the Ampliationes -- 3. Notes to the Appellationes -- 4. Notes to the Restrictiones and Alienationes -- IV. Appendices -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_13 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_14 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_15 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_16 -- Indexes to the Latin Text -- Indexes to the Introduction, Notes, And Appendices -- Index of Manuscripts.
    Abstract: occurred in the textbooks of medieval logicians. Hubien (1975,1977) did the same in recent articles and other modern logicians with interest in the history of their field of knowledge, or students of the history of logic with knowledge of modern achievements in this field, could be mentioned. For example, Trentman (1977:41) in his recent edition of Vincent Ferrer's Tractatus de Suppositionibus, 'Treatise on suppositions', elucidates Ferrer's theory of natural supposition with the aid of modern logic and points out that in some respects, for example, in the theory of irltensionality, modern theories have been developed with little more success. In the Middle Ages, semantics and logic were entirely interwoven. For, in the opinion of medieval philosophers, thought is enacted in language. This very same language consists of meaningful entities and those entities form propositions that may be used as premisses in argument. In their opinion, language and thought were both related to reality in a natural way (cf. De Rijk, 1977:233). This is also evident from Marsilius' works (cf., e.g., p. 54, n. 11-23). The semantical presuppositions oT the propositions that may be used in arguments, are analysed. This, indeed, is one of the contributions to logic by medieval logicians (cf. Moody, 1975:385).
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Influence of Darwinism on English Literature and Literary Ideas -- Evolution and Educational Theory in the Nineteenth Century -- Darwin and the Descent of Women -- Darwinism and Feminism: The ‘Woman Question’ in the Life and Work of Olive Schreiner and Charlotte Perkins Gilman -- Darwin and Philosophy Today -- Darwinism and Language -- Evolutionism and Arch(a)eology -- Heinrich Schenker’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Music: An Essay on the Relations Between Evolutionary Theory and Music Theory -- Evolution: The Whitworth Gun in Huxley’s War for the Liberation of Science from Theology -- Evolutionism Transformed: Positivists and Materialists in the Sociätä d’ Anthropologic de Paris from Second Empire to Third Republic -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science began compara­ tively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume will comprise a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. The series should, however, prove of more than merely local interest. Papers will address general issues; parochial topics will be avoided.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789400969605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (287p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Table of Contents: Volume II -- The New Dualism: “Res Philosophica” and “Res Historica” -- I -- Hippocrates and the School of Cos. Between Myth and Skepticism -- The Historical Hippocrates and the Origins of Scientific Medicine. Comments on Joly -- II -- What’s in a Word? Coming to Terms in the Darwinian Revolution -- Comments on Beatty -- Reply to Hull -- III -- The Politics of Truth: A Social Interpretation of Scientific Knowledge, with an Application to the Case of Sociobiology -- IV -- Anatomy of the Self in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Unity of the Self -- Psychoanalysis, Personal Identity, and Scientific Method -- V -- Themes in British Psychiatry, J. C. Prichard (1785–1848) to Henry Maudsley (1835–1918) -- Comments on Bynum -- Name Index.
    Abstract: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25-29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Fran~ois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec it Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
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  • 12
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 182 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Why Philosophy of Science? -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Facts and Values in Science Studies -- No History Without Health -- Science Policy Studies: Retrospect and Prospect -- Social Science: Education as Social Persuasion -- History and Philosophy of Science in the Pedagogical Process -- Science Teaching or Science Preaching? Critical Reflections on School Science -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionali­ zation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789400969957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. The Lost Wanderers of Descartes and the Auxiliary Motive (On The Psychology of Decision) (1913) -- 2. On The Classification of Systems of Hypotheses (With Special Reference to Optics) (1916) -- 3. Ways of the Scientific World-Conception (1930) -- 4. Physicalism: The Philosophy of the Viennese Circle (1931) -- 5. Physicalism (1931) -- 6. Sociology in the Framework of Physicalism (1931) -- 7. Protocol Statements (1932) -- 8. Radical Physicalism and the ‘Real World’ (1934) -- 9. The Unity of Science as a Task (1935) -- 10. Pseudorationalism of Falsification (1935) -- 11. Individual Sciences, Unified Science, Pseudorationalism (1936) -- 12. An International Encyclopedia of Unified Science (1936) -- 13. Encyclopedia as ‘Model’ (1936) -- 14. Physicalism and the Investigation of Knowledge (1936) -- 15. Unified Science and Its Encyclopedia (1937) -- 16. The Concept of ‘Type’ in the Light of Modern Logic (1937) -- 17. The New Encyclopedia of Scientific Empiricism (1937) -- 18. The Departmentalization of Unified Science (1937) -- 19. Comments on the Papers by Black, Kokoszy?ska, Williams (1937) -- 20. The Social Sciences and Unified Science (1939) -- 21. Universal Jargon and Terminology (1941) -- 22. The Orchestration of the Sciences by the Encyclopedism of Logical Empiricism (1946) -- 23. Prediction and Induction (1946) -- 24. Bibliographies -- A. Bibliography of Works Cited -- B. Supplementary List of Works by Otto Neurath [See ‘List’, Which Is Chapter 12 of Empiricism and Sociology, 1973] -- C. Neurath in English -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The philosophical writings of Otto Neurath, and their central themes, have been described many times, by Carnap in his authobiographical essay, by Ayer and Morris and Kraft decades ago, by Haller and Hegselmann and Nemeth and others in recent years. How extraordinary Neurath's insights were, even when they perhaps were more to be seen as conjectures, aperfus, philosophical hypotheses, tools to be taken up and used in the practical workshop of life; and how prescient he was. A few examples may be helpful: (1) Neurath's 1912 lecture on the conceptual critique of the idea of a pleasure maximum [ON 50] substantially anticipates the development of aspects of analytical ethics in mid-century. (2) Neurath's 1915 paper on alternative hypotheses, and systems of hypotheses, within the science of physical optics [ON 81] gives a lucid account of the historically-developed clashing theories of light, their un­ realized further possibilities, and the implied contingencies of theory survival in science, all within his framework that antedates not only the quite similar work of Kuhn so many years later but also of the Vienna Circle too. (3) Neurath's subsequent paper of 1916 investigates the inadequacies of various attempts to classify systems of hypotheses [ON 82, and this volume], and sets forth a pioneering conception of the metatheoretical task of scientific philosophy.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400969513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 13
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    Keywords: Biology Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Vital Materialism -- 2: The Concrete Formulation of the Program: From Vital Materialism to Developmental Morphology -- 3: Teleomechanism and the Cell Theory -- 4: The Functional Morphologists -- 5: Worlds in Collision -- 6: Teleomechanism and Darwin’s Theory -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Teleological thinking has been steadfastly resisted by modern biology. And yet, in nearly every area of research biologists are hard pressed to find language that does not impute purposiveness to living forms. The life of the individual organism, if not life itself, seems to make use of a variety of strate gems in achieving its purposes. But in an age when physical models dominate our imagination and when physics itself has become accustomed to uncertainty relations and complementarity, biologists have learned to live with a kind of schizophrenic language, employing terms like 'selfish genes' and 'survival machines' to describe the behavior of organisms as if they were somehow purposive yet all the while intending that they are highly complicated mechanisms. The present study treats a period in the history of the life sciences when the imputation of purposiveness to biological organization was not regarded an embarrassment but rather an accepted fact, and when the principal goal was to reap the benefits of mechanistic explanations by finding a. means of in­ corporating them within the guidelines of a teleological fmmework. Whereas the history of German biology in the early nineteenth century is usually dismissed as an unfortunate era dominated by arid speculation, the present study aims to reverse that judgment by showing that a consistent, workable program of research was elaborated by a well-connected group of German biologists and that it was based squarely on the unification of teleological and mechanistic models of explanation.
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400968394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 102
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Scottish Beginnings -- 2. London Beginnings -- 3. The First Trip Abroad -- 1. Paris and its Scientific Society, 1817 -- 2. Switzerland -- 3. Italy -- 4. The Return -- 4. In the Mainstream of London Science -- 1. Scientific Training in the 1820s -- 2. Mary Somerville’s Apprenticeship -- 3. The First Experimental Paper -- 4. Brougham’s Commission -- 5. The Mechanism of the Heavens -- 1. The Atmosphere of 1830 -- 2. Creation and Publication -- 3. Reception -- 6. The Second Stay Abroad -- 1. Paris, 1832 -- 2. Mary Somerville and French Science, 1832–33 -- 3. Foreign Visitors, English Correspondence -- 7. On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences -- 1. The Physical Sciences, 1830–33 -- 2. The Final Revision -- 3. Publication and Review -- 4. New Honours and a New Edition -- 5. Mary Somerville and a Few Scientific Women -- 8. The Civil List and Mary Somerville -- 9. ‘The Comet’, an Experiment and a Third Edition -- 10. The Last London Years -- 1. A New Pattern of Existence, 1836 -- 2. The Fourth Edition of the Connexion of the Sciences -- 3. A Scientific Intermediary -- 11. Outside the Mainstream of Science -- 1. Italy, 1838–40 -- 2. And After . . . -- A Guide to Notes and Citations -- Notes.
    Abstract: Among the myriad of changes that took place in Great Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, many of particular significance to the historian of science and to the social historian are discernible in that small segment of British society drawn together by a shared interest in natural phenomena and with sufficient leisure or opportunity to investigate and ponder them. This group, which never numbered more than a mere handful in comparison to the whole population, may rightly be characterized as 'scientific'. They and their successors came to occupy an increasingly important place in the intellectual, educational, and developing economic life of the nation. Well before the arrival of mid-century, natural philosophers and inventors were generally hailed as a source of national pride and of national prestige. Scientific society is a feature of nineteenth-century British life, the best being found in London, in the universities, in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in a few scattered provincial centres.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971332
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: from Rutherford to Hahn -- The Nuclear Electron Hypothesis -- The Evolution of Matter: Nuclear Physics, Cosmic Rays, and Robert Millikan’s Research Program -- The Discovery of Fission and a Nuclear Physics Paradigm -- Internal and External Conditions for the Discovery of Fission by the Berlin Team -- Otto Hahn, Science, and Social Responsibility -- The Politics of British Science in the Munich Era -- Why Hahn’s Radiothorium Surprised Rutherford in Montreal -- The Discovery of Uranium Z by Otto Hahn: The First Example of Nuclear Isomerism -- Nuclear Physics in Candada in the 1930s.
    Abstract: and less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion­ less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub­ stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup­ posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele­ ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400969056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 138 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I Raymond Aron -- Raymond Aron: Texte Originale -- II Isaiah Berlin and the Emergence of Liberal Pluralism -- III Leszek Kolakowski: A Portrait -- IV The Achievement of Marguerite Yourcenar -- About the Authors.
    Abstract: This book has been published to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Erasmus Prize and underline the importance of the four laureates who received the Prize in the jubileum year. Raymon Aron, Isaiah Berlin, Leszek Kolakowski and Marguerite Y ourcenarcan be considered four outstanding representatives of the unique European intellectual tradition that is characterised by its critical sense and respect for freedom of the individual. It is for this reason that they have been awarded the Erasmus Prize. The essays included in this book are devoted to these four personalities, a Frenchman strongly influenced by the German philosophical tradition, a Russian who has settled in Oxford, a philosopher banned from his native Poland, and a Frenchwoman of Belgian origin living in America. Each has demonstrated in his or her own way that the ideas on and ideals of European culture and tradition are oflasting value. Each recognizes that human values can only flourish in a pluralistic society, a society in which 'Ie juste milieu' must constantly be sought. The temptation to succumb to monistic, dogmatic and intolerant tendencies that continue to threaten our civilisation not only from the outside but also from within, must be continually resisted. The dignity of man reaches full maturity first and foremost in a society in which man is the moulder and maker of himself and freedom of the individual stands central.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400969575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Feilds 20
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Do Historians and Philosophers of Science Share the Same Heritage? -- I -- Conceptual and Technical Aspects of the Galilean Geometrization of the Motion of Heavy Bodies -- The Galilean Geometrization of Motion: Some Historical Considerations -- Measure, Proportion and Mathematical Structure of Galileo’s Mechanics -- II -- Space, Geometrical Objects and Infinity: Newton and Descartes on Extension -- Finite and Otherwise. Aristotle and Some Seven- teenth Century Views -- III -- The Ideal of the Mathematization of All Sciences and of ‘More Geometrico’ in Descartes and Leibniz -- The “More Geometrico” Pattern in Hypotheses from Descartes to Leibniz -- The Leibnizean Picture of Descartes -- IV -- Force and Inertia: Euler and Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- Kant on the Foundations of Science -- Non-mechanistic Ideas in Physics and Philosophy: From Newton to Kant -- V -- V. V. Petrov’s Hypothetical Experiment and Electrical Experiments of the 18th Century -- The Ideal of Mathematization in B. Bolzano -- “Die schönste Leistung der allgemeinen Relativitäts- theorie”: The Genesis of the Tensor-Geometrical Conception of Gravitation.
    Abstract: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25--29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Franyois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec a Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 82
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 82
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Particles or Events? -- Commentary on ‘Particles or Events?’ -- Time Symmetry and Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Is Physical Space Unique or Optional? -- Theory Reduction: A Question of Fact or or a Question of Value? -- Cosmology and Verifiability -- Galileo and the Phenomena: On Making the Evidence Visible -- Quantum Theory of Measurement: A Non-Quantum Mechanical Approach -- Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity -- Commentary on ‘Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity’ -- Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor -- Commentary on ‘Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor’ -- The Unity of Nature -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: These essays on the conceptual understanding of modern physics strike directly at some of the principal difficulties faced by contemporary philos­ ophers of physical science. Moreover, they reverberate to earlier and classical struggles with those difficulties. Each of these essays may be seen as both a commentary on our predecessors and an original analytic interpretation. They come from work of the past decade, most from meetings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, and they demonstrate again how problematic the fundamentals of our understanding of nature still are. The themes will seem to be familiar but the variations are not only ingenious but also stimulating, in some ways counterpoint. And so once again we are confronted with issues of space and time, irreversibility and measurement, matter and process, hypothetical reality and verifiability, explanation and reduction, phenomenal base and sophisticated theory, unified science and the unity of nature, and the limits of conventionalism. We are grateful for the cooperation of our contributors, and in particular for the agreement of George Ellis and C. F. von Weizsiicker to allow us to use previously published papers.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400974586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Klaits, Joseph [Rezension von: O'Higgins, James, Yves de Vallone: The Making of an Esprit-Fort] 1984
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 97
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 97
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I Biographical -- 1 The Search for de Vallone -- 2 The Story of Yves de Vallone -- 3 The Calvinism of de Vallone -- 4 Predestination and the Quarrel with Jaques Bernard -- II “La Religion Du Chrétien” -- 1 Introduction -- 2 God -- 3 The Soul -- 4 Authority -- 5 Scripture -- 6 The Christian Religion -- III Conclusion -- 1 The Unorthodoxy of de Vallone -- 2 The Clandestine Manuscripts -- 3 Conclusion.
    Abstract: The writing of the second part of this book presented a peculiar difficulty. On the one hand I had the great advantage of having found the first rough draft of the manuscript La Religion du Chretien, corrected and often recorrected. Authorship could eventually be established beyond shadow of doubt, and in the corrections one could see de Vallone changing his opinions as he wrote. On the other the sheer length of the manuscript - about 140,000 words - plus the num­ ber of corrections - well over 3,000, many of them lengthy - the enormous number of references in the text to the Classics, to the Scriptures and Apochrypha, to the Fathers, to Philosophers, ancient and contemporary or near contemporary to de Vallone, and to a considerable number of other contem­ porary authors, all of which would require a footnote (not to speak of other footnotes necessary as comments on the text itself) made the production of a critical edition a financial impossibility. Instead I decided, for the sake of scholars interested in this type of manuscript, to give a full, i. ndeed meticulous­ perhaps too meticulous - digest of the manuscript with a running commentary, showing the influences working on de Vallone, the intellectual atmosphere in which he lived, indicating the significance of all the major revisions and correc­ tions in his text and commenting on what one can only describe as his own world-theory and on his use of his authorities and of their influence upon him.
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  • 21
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 10
    DDC: 520
    Keywords: Physics ; History
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; History ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I. Intellectual Development -- II. Taxonomy -- III. Signs and Ideas -- IV. Personality -- V. The Structure of Harmony -- VI. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Charles Bonnet began his career as a naturalist, from an early age establishing a reputation as a careful observer. It is for those youthful observations, as well as for some suggestive speculations proposed relative to this field, that he is best remembered in English-speaking countries: regarding the taxonomic de­ mands of natural history he refurbished the idea of a chain of beings; regarding the question of generation he marshaled evidence in support of preforma­ tion theory; and regarding the analysis of the physiology of the nervous system he advanced a theory that individual nerve fibers receive and retain specific sensations. Following his loss of eyesight in his mid-twenties Bonnet entered a more reflective period, turning to philosophy and pondering the nature of human understanding - considerations he had formerly disdained, but that now seemed a natural outgrowth of his reflections on nature. This essay focuses on the philosophical and psychological works of the later period, the period in which he wrote all his major books. By giving these writings a broader exposure it has been one of my hopes that Bonnet's audience would also be broadened, releasing him, so to speak, from the charge of historians of science so that he might fmd his way, in general books on the "Enlightenment", from scattered footnotes into the texts themselves.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400974739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationale D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 99
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 99
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. The life -- II. The First Publication -- III. L’Esprit des cours de l’Europe -- IV. The Critique of Fénelon’s Tèlémaque 35 V. Dialogues des morts -- VI. Collaborative Works -- VII. The Translations -- VIII. Works attributed to Gueudeville -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Contract of sale of rights to L’Esprit des cours de l’Europe -- B. Contract of partnership between Jonas L’Honoré and Thomas Johnson -- C. Dissolution of partnership -- D. Check-list of editions of critique of Tèlémaque -- E. List of editions and locations of the Atlas historique -- F. Check-list of editions of L’Eloge de la folie -- G. List of editions of L’Utopie -- Archives.
    Abstract: It is generally agreed that great men transcend their time while ordinary men remain rooted in it. This is why, if we want to know what life was like in days gone by, we must study those who were most representative of their age, those individuals who, though they may have achieved a modicum of fame or notoriety, are now, because of their limited abilities and outlook, largely forgotten. The great figures involved in the political and religious controversies that took of the seventeenth century and the beginning place in Holland! towards the end of the eighteenth, men such as Bayle, Jurieu, Le Clerc and others who were in the forefront of what has been aptly termed as the "crise de la conscience europeenne," these figures have been the object of extensive investigation. The minor personages of this period, on the other hand, have received little attention. For this reason, in a previous study,2 I examined the life and work of one of these minor figures, and tried to show how he was representative of those French Huguenots who came to Holland in the latter half of the seventeenth century, who settled in relatively remote places, and who made an effort to integrate themselves and gain acceptance in Dutch provincial society.
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Some Issues of Newtonian Historiography -- The Principia, Universal Gravitation, and the “Newtonian Style”, in relation to the Newtonian Revolution in Science: Notes on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of Newton’s Death -- Newton the Mathematician -- Newton’s Theological Manuscripts -- Space, Infinity, and Indivisibility: Newton on the Creation of Matter -- Newton on Electricity and the Aether -- The System of Locke and Newton.
    Abstract: them in his cheat-preface to Copernicus De Revolutionibus, but the main change in their import has been that whereas Osiander defended Copernicus, Mach and Duhem defended science. The modem conception of hypothetico­ deductive science is, again, geared to defend the respectability of science in much the same way: the physical interpretation, it says, is merely and always hypothetical, and so the scientist is never really committed to it. Hence, when science sheds the physical interpretation off its mathematical skeleton as time and refutation catch up with it, the scientist is not really caught in error, for he never was committed to this interpretation in the first place. This is the apologetic essence of present day, Popper-like, versions of the idea of science as a mathematical-core-cum-interpretational shell. This is also Cohen's view, for it aims to free Newton of any existential commitment to which his theory might allegedly commit him. It will be readily seen that Cohen regards this methodological distinction between mathematics and physics to be the backbone of the Newtonian revolution in science (which is, in its tum, the climax of the whole Scientific Revolution) for a very clear reason: it enables us to argue that Newton could use freely the new concept of centripetal force, even though he did not be­ lieve in physical action at a distance and could not conceive how such a force could act to produce its effects". ([3] pp.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789400976979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bibliografische Reeks van het Nederlands Historisch Genootschap 1
    Series Statement: Historical Research in the Low Countries 1970-1975 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Survey of Recent Dutch Historiography from: Acta Hisatoriae Neerlandicae VI (1973) -- Works in English on Netherlands History published in 1970 and 1971 listed chronologically from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VI -- Belgian Historiography written in Dutch 1969–1971 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VI -- Survey of Recent Dutch Historiography from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII (1974) -- Works in English on Netherlands History published in 1970, 1971 and 1972 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII -- Belgian Historiography written in Dutch 1971–1973 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VIII (1975) -- Recent Works on the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VIII -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae IX (1976) -- Select List of Recent Works in the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae IX -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae X (1977) -- Select List of Recent Works on the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae X -- Inde -- A. Surveys -- Books and Articles -- Authors -- B. Lists of Works Published in English -- Books and Articles -- Authors.
    Abstract: The five review articles included in this volume were produced by the Dutch History Seminar of the University of London with the assistance of several Belgian and Dutch historians. They first appeared in the volumes VI-X of the Acta Historiae Neerlandicae (in 1978 renamed The Low Countries History Yearbook), a periodical published by the Dutch Historical Society with the objective of bringing new pUblications on the history of the Low Countries in the Dutch language to the attention of English-speaking historians. These articles have been republished and provided with indexes in the hope that in this form they will also prove to be useful to students of Belgian and Dutch history who have not been regular readers of the Acta. Should this pUblication be favourably received a subsequent volume covering the years 1976-1981 may be issued. THE EDITORS VII Survey of recent Dutch Historiography ALICE C. CARTER, Editor INTRODUCTION This bibliographical article has been put together by members of the Dutch history seminar held at London University's Institute of Historical Research. The article is intended for non-Dutch-reading scholars and indeed all who are interested in Netherlands history. An attempt has been made, and will continue to be made, to survey important works published in the year previous to that in which the article is drawn up. This year we have concerned ourselves with books or in the earlier part of 1971.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401093835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (446p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 154
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Phenomenology ; History ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Analytical Table of Contents -- I/Intentionality and Intensionality -- 1. The Intentionality of Acts of Consciousness -- 2. Some Main Characteristics of “Intentional Relations” -- 3. The Intensionality of Act-Contexts -- 4. Intensionality vis-à-vis Intentionality -- II/Some Classical Approaches to the Problems of Intentionality and Intensionality -- 1. Theories of Intentionality as Theories About the Objects of Intention -- 2. Object-Theories of Intentionality -- III/Fundamentals of Husserl’s Theory of Intentionality -- 1. Husserl’s Phenomenological Approach to Intentionality -- 2. “Phenomenological Content” -- 3. Husserl’s Basic Theory: Intention via Sinn -- IV/Husserl’s Theory of Noematic Sinn -- 1. Interpreting Noematic Sinn -- 2. Husserl’s Identification of Linguistic Meaning and Noematic Sinn -- 3. How Is Intention Achieved via Sinn? -- V/Husserl’s Notion of Horizon -- 1. Meaning and Possible Experience: The Turn to Husserl’s Notion of Horizon -- 2. Husserl’s Conception of Horizon -- 3. Horizon and Background Beliefs -- 4. The Structure of an Act’s Horizon 25 -- 5. Toward a Generalized Theory of Horizon -- VI/Horizon-Analysis and the Possible-Worlds Explication of Meaning -- 1. Horizon-Analysis as Explication of Sinn and Intention -- 2. The Explication of Meaning in Terms of Possible Worlds -- 3. The Basis in Husserl for a Possible-Worlds Explication of Meaning and Intention -- VII/Intentionality and Possible-Worlds Semantics -- 1. Intentionality in Possible-Worlds Theory -- 2. Possible-Worlds Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- 3. Intentionality in Possible-Worlds Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- 4. A Husserlian Possible-Worlds Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- VIII/Definite, or De Re, Intention in a Husserlian Framework -- 1. The Characterization of Definite, or De Re, Intention -- 2. Perceptual Acquaintance -- 3. Identity, Individuation, and Individuation in Consciousness -- 4. Toward a Phenomenological Account of Individuative Consciousness.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400975880
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 103
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 103
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. The Intellectual Backcloth -- 1. The Enlightenment: a Situation -- 2. Human Nature in Context: Herder’s Contribution -- 3. The Kantian Revolution -- II. Human Nature and Society in Hume -- 4. The Constitution of Human Nature -- 5. Social Cohesiveness -- 6. Social Diversity -- 7. Habit Human Nature and Society -- III. Human Nature and Society in Hegel -- 8. The Characterisation of Human Nature -- 9. Man in Völker and States -- 10. Social Diversity and the Meaning of History -- 11. Self and Society.
    Abstract: This is both a modest and a presumptuous work. It is presumptuous because, given the vast literature on just one of its themes, it attempts to discuss not only the philosophies of both Hume and Hegel but also something of their intellectual milieu. Moreover, though the study has a delimiting perspective in the relation­ ship between a theory of human nature and an account of the various aspects that make up social experience, this itself is so central and protean that it has necessitated a discussion of, amongst others, theories of history, language, aesthetics, law and politics. Yet it is a modest work in that, although I do think I have some fresh things to say, the study does not propose any revolutionary new reading of the material. I am not here interested in the relative validity of the theories put forward - I do not 'take sides'. Nevertheless it is part of the modest intent that recourse to Hume and Hegel in arguments pertaining to human nature will be better inform­ ed and more discriminating as a consequence of this study. Additionally, some distinctions herein made also shed light on some assumptions made in contem­ porary debates in the philosophy of social science, especially those concerning the understanding of alien belief-systems.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400975446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Reflections on a Theme -- II: Ideology -- 2. Racism in Europe -- 3. Colour Prejudice and the Yardstick of Civility: the Initial Dutch Confrontation with Black Africans, 1590–1635 -- 4. Racism from the enlightenment to the Age of Imperialism -- 5. The French Colonial Empire and the French World-View -- III: Social Structure -- 6. Pre-industrial and Industrial Racial Stratification in South Africa -- 7. Race and Class in the Post-emancipation Caribbean -- IV: The Acceptance of Ideology -- 8. Race and Tribe in Southern Africa: European Ideas and African Acceptance -- 9. Ethnicity and Racialism in Colonial Indian Society -- 10. From Peau Noire to Po’ White -- V: Conclusion -- 11. Racism and the Structure of Colonial Societies -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Abstract: 1. REFLECTIONS ON A THEME by ROBERT ROSS This book, the fourth in the series Comparative Studies in Overseas History, and, like its predecessors, the product of a symposium held by the Leiden Centre for the History of European Expansion, is organised around a single theme, the relationship between the ideological structures of domination and oppression that have come to be called racism and the political and economic ones which grew out of Europe's conquering and ruling much of the rest of the world. By racism, we mean those systems of thought in which group characteristics of human beings, of a non-somatic nature, are considered to be fixed by principles of descent and in which, in general, physical attributes (other than those of sex) are the main sign by which characteristics are attributed. In addition, almost by definition, the systems of thought entailed in this require that there is a hierarchy of the various races, and that those people in the lower ranks of that hierarchy are seriously disadvantaged, at least if the proponents of racist thought are able to impose their will on the society in which they live. ! The exclusion of the discrimination of women from the concept of racism should not be thought as entailing that racist and sexist ideas do not have much in common, since both derive from essentially biological determinism, and indeed 2 racist societies have historically almost invariably been strongly sexist.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789400976061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Soviet Regime -- 2. The Announcement of the Trial and the International Socialist Movement -- 3. Preparations for the Trial -- 4. The Treatment of the Accused, Defenders and Witnesses During the Trial -- 5. The Judicial Investigation -- 6. The Socialist Revolutionaries Versus the Bolsheviks -- 7. The Verdict and How It Was Brought About -- 8. The Propaganda Campaign -- 9. The Reactions -- 10. The End -- Conclusion -- List of Abbreviations Used in the Notes -- Notes.
    Abstract: Soviet Russia will conquer all the millions of problems that stand in its way, on one condition: as long as the cause of the political education of the broad masses of the people continually advances. We have nothing to be afraid of, if our people fully learns to distinguish who are its friends and who are its enemies. The trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries must and shall be a great step forward in the cause of the political instruction of the very broadest masses in town and country. (Grigorii Zinov'ev, Pravda and Krasnaia gazeta, 20 June 1922) For my part, I considered this trial to be unnecessary: the Socialist Revolu­ tionaries had been beaten and represented no visible danger at all. (Charles Rappoport, Ma vie, Paris 1926-1927, Vol. 2, p. 80) The Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in October 1917 by staging a coup d'etat, and then established a dictatorship. The new rulers sup­ pressed all armed resistance in a bloody civil war, after which they made every effort to uproot and exterminate even peaceful political opposition of all kinds. Even now it is impossible in the Soviet Union to subject these developments to critical historical study. The political opponents of the Soviet regime of the time are still regarded by official Soviet his­ toriography as counter-revolutionaries and the measures taken against them are seen as completely justified.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789400974883
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. A Litany of Disasters -- II. The Structure of Maml?k Power -- The Sa’?d-D?w?d Struggle (1815–1816) -- The build up of Maml?k dominance -- Aspects of Government -- Outside Baghdad -- Military aspects of Maml?k power -- Revenue and Maml?k power -- The Maml?ks and Baghdad -- Religious leaders, military men and the role of the quarters of Baghdad -- The political position of non-Moslem minorities -- The Porte and Baghdad -- The British role -- Instability and violence in Maml?k politics -- A short discourse on Mosul -- III. The Rural World -- The sedentary areas -- The political position of the villagers -- The tribal world -- The large tribal formations: migrations and territorial influence -- Economics and tribal structure -- The Tribal Structure -- Political authority in the tribal world -- Big shaykhs and the state -- IV. Résumé. The Background of Iraqi State Formation -- State and countryside -- The Maml?ks in the history of Iraq -- Notes.
    Abstract: 1 This study deals with the Mamliik period in Iraqi history (1750- 1831), and more particularly with later Mamliik times (1802-1831). The year 1831 marks the watershed between an era of 'local rule' and one of restored Turkish centralization. During the Mamliik period the influence of external powers in Iraq was not excessive; after that year direct Turkish rule coincided with growing British in­ fluence, which increasingly opened the country to the forces of the world market. As an object of study the period of local rule is inter­ esting, particularly because it formed the background to, and in some aspects also the start of, the modern history ofIraq. The literature available on Mamliik rule and tribal power is scarce and unsatisfying in various ways. The best history of 'Ottoman' Iraq is still that of Longrigg, which was written in the 1920's. However, although based on an admirable range of sources, it provides the reader with little more than a political chronology. Generally, the social and political historian of early modern Iraq is confronted with a lack of information of a very basic kind - if indeed he can find any 2 relevant information. For example, there is hardly any information on the Mamliik institution. Only the most scanty evidence exists on the history of the Yanissaris of Baghdad, or on the socio-political history of the lower orders of the town. Again, almost nothing is known about the lower orders of the sedentary rural world.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400977310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rational Expectation and Simplicity -- Why Should Probability be the Guide of Life? -- Chance and Degrees of Belief -- Invention and Appraisal -- Einstein, light Signals and the ?-Decision -- Simultaneity and Convention in Special Relativity -- Comets, Pollen and Dreams: Some Reflections on Scientific Explanation -- Causal Inference and Causal Explanation -- Rational Belief and the Common Cause Principle -- Physical Explanation: With Reference to the Theories of Scientific Explanation of Hempel and Salmon -- Further Reflections -- Autobiographical Note -- Notes On Contributors -- Salmon Bibliography -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recog­ nised - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalisation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400985582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (339p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 69
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 69
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Causation -- 1. The Knowledge Context Kzt -- 2. The Language Framework:L or L?? -- 3. Syntax. Semantics, and Ontology -- II: Explanation -- 4. Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance -- 5. A Single Case Theory of Causal Explanation -- 6. The Dispositional Construction of Theories -- III: Corroboration -- 7. The Justification of Induction -- 8. Confirmation and Corroboration -- 9. Acceptance and Rejection Rules -- 10. Rationality and Fallibility -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: With this defense of intensional realism as a philosophical foundation for understanding scientific procedures and grounding scientific knowledge, James Fetzer provides a systematic alternative to much of recent work on scientific theory. To Fetzer, the current state of understanding the 'laws' of nature, or the 'law-like' statements of scientific theories, appears to be one of philosophical defeat; and he is determined to overcome that defeat. Based upon his incisive advocacy of the single-case propensity interpretation of probability, Fetzer develops a coherent structure within which the central problems of the philosophy of science find their solutions. Whether the reader accepts the author's contentions may, in the end, depend upon ancient choices in the interpretation of experience and explanation, but there can be little doubt of Fetzer's spirited competence in arguing for setting ontology before epistemology, and within the analysis of language. To us, Fetzer's ambition is appealing, fusing, as he says, the substantive commitment of the Popperian with the conscientious sensitivity of the Hempelian to the technical precision required for justified explication. To Fetzer, science is the objective pursuit of fallible general knowledge. This innocent character­ ization, which we suppose most scientists would welcome, receives a most careful elaboration in this book; it will demand equally careful critical con­ sideration. Center for the Philosophy and ROBERT S. COHEN History of Science, MARX W. WARTOFSKY Boston University October 1981 v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE v FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PART I: CAUSATION 1.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789400984318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. The Young Republic -- II. Ancient Science -- III. The Period of Transition -- IV. The Dutch Teachers of Mathematics and Navigation -- V. Simon Stevin -- VI. The New Science -- VII. Descartes -- VIII. Christiaan Huygens -- IX. The Living World -- X. Colonial Science -- XI. Into the Age of Boerhaave -- Notes.
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400983977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. The Present State of Value Theory -- 2. Absolutism and Empiricism with Respect to Value -- 3. Determination of Concepts -- II. Value Concepts -- 1. Logical Analysis: Material Content and Value Characteristic -- 2. The System of Values -- 3. The Hierarchy of Values -- III. Value as a Characteristic: A Psychological Analysis -- 1. Psychology of Value up to the Present -- 2. Evaluating and Adopting an Attitude -- 3. Development of the Characteristic of Value -- 4. Value as a Specific Characterization with Respect to Adopting an Attitude -- 5. Value Concepts, Value Judgements, and Valuation -- 6. The Sources of Distinction -- IV. Value Judgements -- 1. The Meaning of Impersonal Value Judgements -- 2. The Validity of Impersonal Value Judgements: Super-Individual Value -- V. The Science of Value -- Postscript (1973) -- Bibliography of the Writings of Victor Kraft -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: In English-speaking countries Victor Kraft is known principally for his account of the Vienna Circle. ! That group of thinkers has exercised in recent decades a significant influence not only on the philosophy of the western world, but also, at least indirectly, on that of the East, where there is now taking place a slow but clearly irresistible erosion of dogmatic Marxism by ways of think­ ing derived from a modem scientific conception of the world. Kraft's work as historian of the Vienna Circle has led to his being classed, without further qua1ification, as a neo-positivist philosopher. It is, however, only partially correct to count him as such. To be sure, he belonged to the group named, he took part in its meetings, and he drew from it suggestions central to his own work; but he did not belong to the hard core of the Circle and was a con­ scious opponent of certain radical tendencies espoused, at least from time to time, by some of its members. Evidence of this is provided by the theory of value now presented in English translation, since no less a thinker than Rudolf Carnap had, originally at any rate, obeyed a very narrowly conceived criterion of sense and declared value judgements to be senseless.
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 21
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    Abstract: 1 / Absolute and Relational Theories of Space -- 2 / Kant’s Leibnizian Heritage -- 3 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space -- 4 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Sensibility -- 5 / Incongruent Counterparts and Things in Themselves -- 6 / Kant’s Metaphysics of Space and Motion -- Conclusion / The Significance of Incongruent Counterparts.
    Abstract: Kantian transcendental idealism is the thesis that fundamental aspects of experience are contributed by the perceiving subject rather than by the things experienced, and are not features of things as they exist independently of sensible perceivers. This is undoubtedly the most striking and at the same time the most puzzling of Kant's Critical views. It is striking because nothing could be less commonsensical than the beliefthat things as we perceive them have nothing in common with things as they are independently ofbeing per­ ceived. From a more technical point of viewthe doctrine is puzzling because Kant apparently does not support it very well. Beginning with Kant's con­ temporaries, critics have pointed out that among all the arguments for the theory in the CritiqueofPureReason, none entails the conclusion that things in themselves cannot be like objects of sense experience in any way. So, for example, although transcendental idealism is compatible with Kant's theory of synthetic a priori knowledge, there is nothing in the analysis of the syn­ thetic a priori ruling out the possibility that features contributed to experi­ ence by the perceiving subject correspond to characteristics of things in them­ selves, although we might never know this to be so. And even though Kant sees transcendental idealism as a solution to the Antinomies, this is at best indirect support for the view;there are undoubtedly other ways to get around these traditional metaphysical puzzles.
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400983663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phenomenology ; History
    Abstract: I: The Great Chain of Being in Phenomenology -- A. The Great Chain of Being and Creative Imagination -- Existence and Order -- Exposition: Man-the-Creator and the “Prototype of Action” -- B. Upstream Enquiries -- Le problème de l’être dans la phénoménologie de Husserl -- Les degrés de l’être chez saint Thomas d’Aquin -- Leibniz et la chaîne des êtres -- Kant, Nicolai Hartmann, and the Great Chain of Being -- The “Great Chain of Being” in Scheler’s Philosophy -- Edith Stein on the “Order and Chain of Being” -- The Degrees of Being from the Point of View of the Phenomenology of Action -- Annex Program of the Roman Symposium (27–28 March 1976) -- II: Italian Phenomenology A. Phenomenology And The Human Sciences -- A. Phenomenology and the Human Sciences -- Phenomenology and Science: An Annotated Bibliography of Work in Italy -- Epistemological and Phenomenological Considerations about the Natural Sciences in the Thought of E. Husserl -- Moral Philosophy and the Human Sciences -- On the Psychopathology of the Life-World -- Some Indications toward a Phenomenologically Oriented Approach to Child Neuropsychiatry -- Phenomenology of the Schizophrenic Split -- B. Husserlian Investigations -- The Language Problem in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- The Phenomenology of External Objects according to Ding und Raum -- Reawakening and Resistance: A Stoic Source of the Husserlian Epoché -- The Phenomenology of Religion as a Science and as a Philosophy -- Einfühlung und Intersubjektivität bei Edith Stein und bei Husserl -- Annex: Conference Program (Viterbo, 24–25 February 1979) -- Index Of Names.
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (466p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. No Pot of Message [1974a] -- 2. The Origin and Spirit of Logical Positivism [1969a] -- 3. The Power of Positivistic Thinking [1963b] -- 4. The Wiener Kreis in America [1969d] -- 5. Scientific Method without Metaphysical Presuppositions [1954] -- 6. Probability and Experience [1930] -- 7. Meaning and Validity of Physical Theories [1929] -- 8. Confirmability and Confirmation [1951a] -- 9. The Logical Character of the Principle of Induction [1934a] -- 10. What Hume Might Have Said to Kant [1964a] -- 11. Operationism and Scientific Method (and Rejoinder) [1945a] and [1945b] -- 12. Existential Hypotheses [1950b] -- 13. Logical Reconstruction, Realism and Pure Semiotic [1950c] -- 14. De Principiis Non Disputandum… ? [1950a] -- 15. Empiricism at Bay? [1971e] -- 16. The Mind-Body Problem in the Development of Logical Empiricism [1950d] -- 17. Physicalism, Unity of Science and the Foundations of Psychology [1963d] -- 18. Mind-Body, Not a Pseudoproblem [1960] -- 19. Some Crucial Issues of Mind-Body Monism [1971a] -- 20. Naturalism and Humanism [1949a] -- 21. Validation and Vindication: An Analysis of the Nature and the Limits of Ethical Arguments [1952] -- 22. Everybody Talks about the Temperature [1964c] -- 23. Is Science Relevant to Theology? [1966a] -- 24. Ethics, Religion, and Scientific Humanism [1969e] -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Bibliography of Herbert Feigl -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The title is his own. Herbert Feigl, the provocateur and the soul (if we may put it so) of modesty, wrote to me some years ago, "I'm more of a catalyst than producer of new and original ideas all my life . . . ", but then he com­ pleted the self-appraisal: " . . . with just a few exceptions perhaps". We need not argue for the creative nature of catalysis, but will simply remark that there are 'new and original ideas' in the twenty-four papers selected for this volume, in the extraordinary aperrus of the 25-year-old Feigl in his Vienna dissertation of 1927 on Zufall und Gesetz, in the creative critique and articulation in his classical monograph of 1958 on The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'; and the reader will want to turn to some of the seventy other titles in our Feigl bibliography appended. Professor Feigl has been a model philosophical worker: above all else, honest, self-aware, open-minded and open-hearted; keenly, devotedly, and even arduously the student of the sciences, he has been a logician and an empiricist. Early on, he brought the Vienna Circle to America, and much later he helped to bring it back to Central Europe. The story of the logical empiricist movement, and of Herbert Feigl's part in it, has often been told, importantly by Feigl himself in four papers we have included here.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789400984646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Anthropology
    Abstract: I. Prologue -- II. Rivers, Severed Nerves and Genealogies -- III. Rivers and Ambrym -- IV. Rivers and Diffusionism -- V. The Diffusion Controversy -- VI. Ambrym — The Test Case -- VII. Radcliffe-Brown -- VIII. Conclusion -- Notes and References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The nature of that transition to maturity [a transition involving "The acquisition of the sort of paradigm that identifies challenging puzzles, supplies clues to their solution, and guarantees that the truly clever practitioner will succeed") deserves fuller discussion than it has received in this book, particularly from those concerned with the development of the contemporary social sciences. (Thomas S. Kuhn, 1969, Postscript to The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. ) The fIrst two or three decades of the twentieth-century represents a shadowy period in the history of science. For most contemporary scientists, the period is a little too far away to be the subject of a fIrst-hand oral tradition; while at the same time it is not suffIciently remote to have acquired the epic and oversimplifIed contour of history which has been transformed into mythol­ ogy. Historians of science, by contrast, who want to free themselves from the mythology which is used to legitimize the present state of the discipline, are interested in discovering what really happened, and how it was regarded at the time. For them the nature of science in the early twentieth-century is obscured by what they regard as its proximity in time, and they are disturbed by a general lack of depth in scholarly work in the area, which makes it diffI­ cult to see the period in proper perspective.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401727662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 146
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities in the Seventeenth Century? -- Some Remarks on the Calculus of Probability in the Eighteenth Century -- Probability and the Problem of Induction -- Probabilities and Causes: On Life Tables, Causes of Death, and Etiological Diagnoses -- From the Emergence of Probability to the Erosion of Determinism -- John Venn’s Logic of Chance -- Robert Leslie Ellis and the Frequency Theory -- Reduction as a Problem: Some Remarks on the History of Statistical Mechanics from a Philosophical Point of View -- Boltzmann’s Conception of Theory Construction: The Promotion of Pluralism, Provisionalism, and Pragmatic Realism -- The Mach-Boltzmann Controversy and Maxwell’s Views on Physical Reality -- Boltzmann, Mach and Russian Physicists of the Late Nineteenth Century -- An Example of a Theory-Frame: Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another? -- A Comment on E. Agazzi, ‘What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another?’ -- Methodology and the Functional Identity of Science and Philosophy -- On Making History -- A Comment on J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Reply to J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Influences of Some Concepts of Biology on Progress in Philosophy -- Philosophy of Science, History of Science, and Science of Science -- Interrelations between History of Science and Philosophy of Science in Research in the Development of Technical Sciences -- From History of Science to Theory of Science: An Essay on V.I. Vernadsky’s Work (1863–1945) -- Utility versus Truth: At Least One Reflection on the Importance of the Philosophy of Science for the History of Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science. The Conference was organized by the Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) under the auspices of the IUHPS, the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the Domus Galilaeana of Pisa, headed by Professor Vincenzo Cappelletti. Domus Galilaeana also served as the host institution, with some help from the University of Pisa. The Conference took place in Pisa, Italy, on September 4-8, 1978. The editors of these two volumes of the Proceedings of the Pisa Conference acknowledge with gratitude the help by the different sponsoring organizations, and in the first place that by both Divisions of the IUHPS, which made the Conference possible. A special recognition is due to Professor Evandro Agazzi, President of the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, who was co­ opted as an additional member of the Organizing Committee. This committee was otherwise identical with the Joint Commission, whose members were initially John Murdoch, John North, Arpad Szab6, Robert Butts, Jaakko Hintikka, and Vadim Sadovsky. Later, Erwin Hiebert and Lubos Novy were appointed as additional members.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401717243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reeves, Marjorie REVIEWS 1983
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Bitton, Davis [Rezension von: Kuntz, Marion L., Guillaume Postel: Prophet of the Restitution of All Things. His Life and Thought...] 1983
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 98
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    Abstract: One: Viator -- Two: Comprehensor -- Three: Congregator.
    Abstract: Gui 11 aume Postel was undoubtedly one of the most remarkab 1 e and interesting scholars and thinkers of the sixteenth century. His know­ ledge of Hebrew and Arabic was rare among his contemporaries, as was his study and use of the Rabbinical, Cabalistic and Islamic literature pre­ served in these languages. His attempt to harmonize Christian, Jewish and Mbhammedan thought give him an important place in the history of re­ ligious tolerance, whereas his prophecies about a universal religion and a universal monarchy seem to anticipate more recent ideas of a world state and of general peace. In his prophecies, Postel assigned a unique role to himself and to a pious 1 ady whom he met in Venice and whom he lavishly praises in all his later writings. Admired and respected by many contemporary scholars and princes in France, Italy and Germany, he also aroused the suspicions of the religious and political authorities of his time who considered him dangerous but mad and thus spared his life, but confined him to a monastery for many years. His numerous writ­ ings survive in rare editions and manuscripts, and the later copies of some of his works show that he continued to be read and to exercise much influence down to the eighteenth century.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400984042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 62
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I: Medieval Prologue -- 1. The Philosophical Setting of Medieval Science -- 2. The Medieval Accomplishment in Mechanics and Optics -- II: The Sixteenth-Century Achievement -- 3. The Development of Mechanics to the Sixteenth Century -- 4. The Concept of Motion in the Sixteenth Century -- 5. The Calculatores in the Sixteenth Century -- 6. The Enigma of Domingo de Soto -- 7. Causes and Forces at the Collegio Romano -- III: Galileo in the Sixteenth-Century Context -- 8. Galileo and Reasoning Ex suppositione -- 9. Galileo and the Thomists -- 10. Galileo and the Doctores Parisienses -- 11. Galileo and the Scotists -- 12. Galileo and Albertus Magnus -- 13. Galileo and the Causality of Nature -- IV: From Medieval to Early Modern Science -- 14. Pierre Duhem: Galileo and the Science of Motion -- 15. Anneliese Maier: Galileo and Theories of Impetus -- 16. Ernest Moody: Galileo and Nominalism -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Can it be true that Galilean studies will be without end, without conclusion, that each interpreter will find his own Galileo? William A. Wallace seems to have a historical grasp which will have to be matched by any further workers: he sees directly into Galileo's primary epoch of intellectual formation, the sixteenth century. In this volume, Wallace provides the companion to his splendid annotated translation of Galileo 's Early Notebooks: The Physical Questions (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pointing to the 'realist' sources, mainly unearthed by the author himself during the past two decades. Explicit controversy arises, for the issues are serious: nominalism and realism, two early rivals for the foundation of knowledge, contend at the birth of modem science, OI better yet, contend in our modem efforts to understand that birth. Related to this, continuity and discontinuity, so opposed to each other, are interwoven in the interpretive writings ever since those striking works of Duhem in the first years of this century, and the later studies of Annaliese Maier, Alexandre Koyre and E. A. Moody. Historio­ grapher as well as philosopher, WaUace has critically supported the continuity of scientific development without abandoning the revolutionary transforma­ tive achievement of Galileo's labors. That continuity had its contemporary as well as developmental quality; and we note that William Wallace's Prelude studies are complementary to Maurice A.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Childhood -- 2. Student Years -- 3. University Assistant -- 4. Making a Career -- 5. Extraordinary Professor -- 6. The Formulario Project -- 7. Ordinary Professor -- 8. The Controversy With Volterra -- 9. The First International Congress of Mathematicians -- 10. Contact With Frege -- 11. Peano Acquires a Printing Press -- 12. The School of Peano -- 13. Paris, 1900 -- 14. The Decline Begins -- 15. Latino Sine Flexione -- 16. The Cotton Workers’ Strike -- 17. Completion of the Formulario -- 18. Academia pro Interlingua -- 19. Apostle of Interlingua -- 20. The War Years -- 21. The Postwar Years -- 22. The Toronto Congress -- 23. The Final Years -- 24. Afterwards -- 25. Summing Up -- Appendix 1. Peano’s Professors -- Appendix 2. Members of the School of Peano -- Appendix 3. List of Papers by Other Authors Presented by Peano to the Academy of Sciences of Turin -- Chronological List of the Publications of Giuseppe Peano -- Index of the Publications of Giuseppe Peano -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: All students of mathematics know of Peano's postulates for the natural numbers and his famous space-filling curve, yet their knowledge often stops there. Part of the reason is that there has not until now been a full-scale study of his life and works. This must surely be surprising, when one realizes the length of his academic career (over 50 years) and the extent of his publica­ tions (over 200) in a wide variety of fields, many of which had immediate and long-term effects on the development of modern mathematics. A study of his life seems long overdue. It appeared to me that the most likely person to write a biography of Peano would be his devoted disciple Ugo Cassina, with whom I studied at the University of Milan in 1957-58. I wrote to Professor Cassina on 29 October, 1963, inquiring if he planned to write the biography, and I offered him my assistance, since I hoped to return to Italy for a year. He replied on 28 November, 1963, suggesting that we collaborate, meaning by this that I would write the biography, in English, using his material and advice. I gladly agreed to this suggestion, but work on the project had hardly begun when Professor Cassina died unexpectedly on 5 October, 1964. I then decided to continue the project on my own. I spent the academic year 1966-67 in Turin; completion of the book took ten years.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 56
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay: Scientific Discovery and the Future of Philosophy of Science -- The Character of Scientific Change -- Discussion of Shapere -- Discovery and Rule-Books -- Discussion of Achinstein -- Analysis as a Method of Discovery During the Scientific Revolution -- The Method of Analysis in Mathematics -- Why Was the Logic of Discovery Abandoned? -- The Rationality of Discovery -- The Logic of Discovery: An Analysis of Three Approaches -- The Logic of Invention -- Scientific Discoveries as Growth of Understanding: The Case of Newton’s Gravitation -- The Vanishing Context of Discovery: Newton’s Discovery of Gravity -- The Role of Models in Theory Construction -- Can Scientific Constraints Be Violated Rationally? -- Why Philosophers Should Not Despair Of Understanding Scientific Discovery -- Productive Reasoning and the Structure of Scientific Research -- Structural Explanations in Social Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is fast becoming a cliche that scientific discovery is being rediscovered. For two philosophical generations (that of the Founders and that of the Followers of the logical positivist and logical empiricist movements), discovery had been consigned to the domain of the intractable, the ineffable, the inscrutable. The philosophy of science was focused on the so-called context of justification as its proper domain. More recently, as the exclusivity of the logical reconstruc­ tion program in philosophy of science came under question, and as the critique of justification developed within the framework of logical and epistemological analysis, the old question of scientific discovery, which had been put on the back burner, began to emerge once again. Emphasis on the relation of the history of science to the philosophy of science, and attention to the question of theory change and theory replacement, also served to legitimate a new concern with the origins of scientific change to be found within discovery and invention. How welcome then to see what a wide range of issues and what a broad representation of philosophers and historians of science have been brought together in the present two volumes of the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science! For what these volumes achieve, in effect, is the continuation of a tradition which had once been strong in the philosophy of science - namely, that tradition which addressed the question of scientific discovery as a central question in the understanding of science.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400990517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Sophie Germain -- 3. Respectfully Yours, Gauss -- 4. Setting the Prize -- 5. The One Entry -- 6. The Molecular Mentality -- 7. An Award with Reservations -- 8. Publication -- 9. Emergence of a Theory -- 10. Final Years -- Notes.
    Abstract: Why should the story of a woman's role in the development of a scientific theory be written? Is it to celebrate, as some have done, the heroism of a woman's struggle in a man's world? Or is it, rather~to demonstrate that gender is irrelevant to the march of scientific ideas? This book hopes to do neither. Rather, it intends to do justice both to the professional life of a woman in science and to the development of the theory with which she was engaged. Technically, this essay centers on Sophie Germain's analysis of the modes of vibration of elastic surfaces, work which won a competition set by the French Academy of Sciences in 1809. It also evaluates related work on the mathematical theory of elasticity done by men of the Academy. Biographically, it is about a woman who believed in the greatness of science and strove, with some measure of success, to participate in that noble, but wholly male-dominated, enterprise. It explores her failures, analyzes her success, and describes how the members of the Parisian scientific community dealt with her offerings, contributions and demands.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400988842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One. The Social-Economic Crisis on the Eve of the 20th Century and the Political Mobilization of Society -- 1. Economic crisis and erosion of the governmental system -- 2. Social mobilization and political opposition -- 3. Economic crisis and erosion of social loyalty -- Two. Towards a Constitutionalist Programme -- 1. Political theory and social change -- 2. The origins of the periodical Osvobozhdenie -- 3. The first constitutionalist programme -- Three. Constitutionalism in the ‘Public Movement’ 1900–1904 -- 1. Institutions and contacts of the ‘Public Movement’ -- 2. The problems of informal organization -- 3. The transition to formal organization -- Conclusion -- 1. Social structure -- 2. Organizational development -- 3. Strategy and tactics -- Appendices -- I. Biographical sketches -- II. Members of the Union of Liberation, 1904–1905 -- III. Regional distribution of constitutionalist groups -- Notes.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400989078
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (253p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Contemporary History 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Approach and Conceptualization -- Ukrainian Nationalism -- Western Scholarly Writings on the Soviet Nationalities Problem and the Ukraine -- An Analytical Framework -- II. Ideology and Myth: Soviet Nationalities Policy -- The Myth of Proletarian Internationalism -- The Myth of Proletarian Internationalism in Flux, 1956–1972 -- Conclusions -- III. Culture and Symbolism: The Myth of National Moral Patrimony -- Socialist Realism and National Cultural Revival -- Culture and Historiographic Nationalism -- The Ambiguity of National Symbols: Establishment Intellectuals and the Crystallization of the Dissent Movement -- Symbols of the National Patrimony in Popular Culture -- Conclusions -- IV. Symbolism and Status: The Ukrainian Language -- The Language Question in Official Nationalities Policy -- Present Status of the Ukrainian Language -- Controversy over Language in the Soviet Ukraine -- Conclusions -- V. Symbolic Action: Nationalist Opposition and Regime Response -- Structural and Programmatic Characteristics of Ukrainian National Dissidence -- Demographic Breakdown of Dissidence -- Strategies and Tactics of the Dissidents -- Regime Response to Nationalist Dissidence -- Conclusions -- VI. Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: It is a truism that, with only a few notable exceptions, western scholars only belatedly turned their attention to the phenomenon of minority nationalism in the USSR. In the last two decades, however, the topic has increasingly occupied the attention of specialists on the Soviet Union, not only because its depths and implications have not yet been adequately plumbed, but also because it is clearly a potentially explosive problem for the Soviet system itself. The problem that minority nationalism poses is perceived rather differently at the "top" of Soviet society than at the "bottom. " The elite views - or at least rationalize- the problem through the lens of Marxism-Leninism, which explains nationalist sentiment as a part of the "super­ structure," a temporary phenomenon that will disappear in the course of building communism. That it has not done so is a primary source of concern for the Soviet leadership, who do not seem to understand it and do not wish to accept its reality. This is based on a fallacious conceptuali­ zation of ethnic nationalism as determined wholly by external, or objective, factors and therefore subject to corrective measures. In terms of origins, it is believed to be the result of past oppression and discrimination; it is thus seen as a negative attitudinal set the essence of which lies in tangible, rather than psychological, factors. Below the level of the leadership, however, ethnic nationalism reflects entrenched identifications and meanings which lend continuity and authenticity to human existence.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400988965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (314p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Southeast Asia -- 1. Van Leur, Western Penetration and the Degree of Southeast Asian Development -- 2. Asiatic Variations -- 3. Southeast Asia -- 4. Indianized Southeast Asia: Similarities and Differences -- 5. Southeast Asian Varieties: The Hispanicized and Sinicized Sectors -- 6. Southeast Asia: The Conclusions reached by Bastin and Benda -- II. Indonesia -- 7. Islam, ‘Asia’ and the United East India Company -- 8. Colonial Policy in the 19th and 20th Centuries -- 9. Continuities -- 10. Changes -- 11. Conflict and Movement -- 12. The Trias in Movement: the Santris -- 13. The Neo-Priyayis and Soekarno -- 14. The PKI and the Abangan.
    Abstract: At a fairly early stage of socialism's penetration into the Afro-Asian world, a handful of European social democrats established an Indian Social-Democratic Association (lSDV). They did so in a country, Indonesia, that was economically little developed and far away from any of the centres of European socialism and Asiatic radical-national­ ism. The ISDV was soon able to bring its influence to bear on sec­ tions of the urban proletariat and to build up an Indonesian revol­ utionary movement. This occurred in sharp competition with a nascent nationalist leadership, and then without the usual inter­ mediary role played by radicalizing groups of native intelligentsia. In this way, Dutch social democrats laid the foundations for one of the first communist parties in Asia and Africa, a party which was des­ tined to become one of the few communist mass parties of the Third World. However, in contrast to the major communist movements of China-Vietnam, this Indonesian party was to demonstrate a basic weakness: successive and catastrophic defeats. ! If we leave out Japan, the only non-Western country where a capi­ talist industrial revolution occurred, we see that foreign and particu­ larly Western minorities frequently did playa dominant role in the initial and formative phases of the socialist and workers' movements of the Afro-Asiatic world.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789400990227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ranch School to Secret City -- Early Days at Los Alamos -- A New Laboratory is Born -- Outside the Inner Fence -- Reminiscences of Wartime Los Alamos -- The Scientific and Technological Miracle at Los Alamos -- The Fermis’ Path to Los Alamos -- Los Alamos From Below -- Tales of Los Alamos -- Los Alamos — The First 25 Years -- Biographical Notes.
    Abstract: Although the World War II efforts to develop nuclear weapons have inspired a very large literature, it struck us as noteworthy that virtually nothing existed in the form of firsthand accounts. Now It Can Be Told, by General Leslie Groves, the Manhattan Project's military commander, is probably the most prominent exception, but the scientists themselves seem to have shown little interest in publishing their reminiscences. Believing that it would be not only worthwhile for posterity, but ex­ tremely interesting for the present generation to hear about the aspirations, fears, and activities of those who participated in this watershed of science and government collaboration, we arranged the public lecture series repre­ sented by this book.! We chose to focus upon Los Alamos since the project's efforts culminated there. The isolated laboratory in New Mexico was created to design and construct the first atomic bombs. More scientific brainpower was accumulated there than at any time since Isaac Newton dined alone, and the interactions with this community are of sociological interest, as the results of their work are of political import.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 19
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Translation -- Concepts -- Insolubles -- Notes.
    Abstract: 2 Peter of Aillyl wrote his Concepts and Insolubles, according to the best 3 estimate, in 1372. He was at that time only about twenty-two years old. He was born around 1350" in Compiegne in the De de France, although his 5 family name associates him with the village of Ailly in Picardy. In 1364 he entered the University of Paris as a 'bursar' (i. e. , the recipient of a scholarship) at the College de Navarre. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1367 and taught there until 1368, when he entered the Faculty of Theology. He became a Doctor of Theology in 1381. In the years that followed, Peter was very active in the 'conciliar' movement and in negotiations to bring about the end of the Great Schism of the West. He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal in 1411 by Pope John XXIII, the successor of Alexander V in the 'Pisa' line of Popes. He took an active part in the Council of Constance (1414-1418), which ended the Great Schism and elected Pope Martin V. Peter died on August 9, 1420. Most of the secondary literature on Peter of Ailly concerns his role in church politics, his writings on the Schism and on ecclesiastical reform, and various aspects of his theology. But Peter was active in a number of other areas as well. He wrote several works, for instance, on geography and astron­ 6 omy, including an Imago mundi read by Christopher Columbus.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400989139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 94
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 94
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Life and Works of Meric Casaubon -- II. The Conservative Opposition and its Lines of attack -- III. ‘Practical, Useful Learning’ -- IV. Descartes and the Decay of Learning -- V. Epicurus and the New Philosophy -- VI. ‘Chimists, Behemists and Enthusiasts’ -- VII. Religion and the New Philosophy -- VIII. Conclusion.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401576512
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Case Study: The Theory of Value -- 2 / The Method of Idealization and Concretization -- 3 / Idealization and Ideal-Typical Method: Marx and Weber -- 4 / Idealization and Positivism -- 5 / Idealization and Hypotheticism -- 6 / Idealization and ‘Methodological Irrationalism’ -- 7 / Assumptions -- 8 / The Marxian Model of Scientific Activity (Model I) -- 9 / Deduction and Modelling (Model II) -- 10 / Approximation (Model III) -- 11 / Semi-Idealization and Probability (Model IV) -- 12 / Programming And Practical Sciences (Model V) -- 13 / Scientific Community and Progress of Science -- 14 / The Social Context of Science -- 15 / The Social Reason for Making Science -- 16 / The Last Resort -- 17 / The Law of Absolute Pauperization -- 18 / The Contradiction Between the Third and the First Volume of Capital -- 19 / Marx’S Historicism -- 20 / The Contradictions and Ambiguities Within the Theory of Social Class -- References Cited.
    Abstract: Much is said in Marxist literature about Marxist methodology which is supposed to be entirely original - differing a great deal from all other trends in the modern philosophy of science. On the other hand, however, it is unfallacious to state that there are no people outside Marxism who would like to deny this statement. This has to put those who really believe that Marxism has something important to say in philosophy of science on guard: if someone says something important others usually are inclined to protest. But who is inclined to protest when it is stated that Marx em­ ployed both induction and deduction, a historical method and a logical one as well, synthesis, but also analysis, etc? Who is inclined to protest when it is not known what within this framework 'induction', 'deduction' 'history' or 'logic' mean? Who is inclined to protest when 'Marxist meth­ odology' is presented not with the aid of precise definitions and clear hypotheses but with the aid of a jungle of quotations? I think that the main malfeasance of the current 'Marxist methodology', is that of ecclecticism. The methodology of Marx is presented as a col­ lection of trivial and/or obscure ideas but not as a system of statements subordinated to any clear, definite viewpoint presenting a new grasp ofthe nature of scientific cognition. Search for reconstruction of Marxian meth­ odology as a system of the kind is the main aim of this book.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Superfluous Entities, or Occam’s Razor (1930) -- II The Significance of the Scientific World View, Especially for Mathematics and Physics (1930) -- III Discussion about the Foundations of Mathematics (1930) -- IV Empiricism, Mathematics, and Logic (1929) -- V Reflections on Max Planck’s Positivismus und reale Aussenwelt (?1931) -- VI Review of Alfred Pringsheim, Vorlesungen über Zahlen- und Funktionenlehre, Vol. I, parts I and II, Leipzig and Berlin 1916 (1919) -- VII The Crisis in Intuition (1933) -- VIII Does the Infinite exist? (1934) -- Bibliography of the Works of H. Hahn.
    Abstract: The role Hans Hahn played in the Vienna Circle has not always been sufficiently appreciated. It was important in several ways. In the ftrst place, Hahn belonged to the trio of the original planners of the Circle. As students at the University of Vienna and throughout the fIrst decade of this century, he and his friends, Philipp Frank and Otto Neurath, met more or less regularly to discuss philosophical questions. When Hahn accepted his fIrSt professorial position, at the University of Czernowitz in the north­ east of the Austrian empire, and the paths of the three friends parted, they decided to continue such informal discussions at some future time - perhaps in a somewhat larger group and with the cooperation of a philosopher from the university. Various events delayed the execution of the project. Drafted into the Austrian army during the first world war" Hahn was wounded on the Italian front. Toward the end of the war he accepted an offer from the University of Bonn extended in recognition of his remarkable 1 mathematical achievements. He remained in Bonn until the spring of 1921 when he returm:d to Vienna and a chair of mathe­ matics at his alma mater. There, in 1922, the Mach-Boltzmann professorship for the philosophy of the inductive sciences became vacant by the death of Adolf Stohr; and Hahn saw a chance to realize his and his friends' old plan.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400990456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 145
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Section I: The Structure of Theory Change -- The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- Logic and the Theory of Scientific Change -- What Have They Done to Kuhn? An Ideological Introduction in Chiaroscuro -- Comment on Zev Bechler’s Paper ‘What Have They Done to Kuhn?’ -- Comments on Bechler, Niiniluoto and Sadovsky -- The Sociological and the Methodological in the Study of Changes in Science -- Section II: The Early History of the Axiomatic Method -- Concerning the Ancient Greek Ideal of Theoretical Thought -- Was There an Eleatic Background to Pre-Euclidean Mathematics? -- Aristotelian Axiomatics and Geometrical Axiomatics -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: The Interaction of Mathematics and Philosophy in Greek Antiquity -- Some Remarks on the Controversy between Prof. Knorr and Prof. Szabó -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: A Reply to Some Criticisms -- Limitations of the Axiomatic Method in Ancient Greek Mathematical Sciences -- On Axiomatic and Genetic Construction of Mathematical Theories -- On the Role of Axiomatic Method in the Development of Ancient Mathematics -- Section III: The Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Galilée et la Mécanisation du Système du Monde -- Galileo and the Post-Renaissance -- Galileo and the Methods of Science -- Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Creative Work as an Object of Theoretical Understanding -- Galileo and the Emergence of a New Scientific Style -- Philosophy of Science and the Art of Historical Interpretation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400990173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 61
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Galileo’s Dialogue -- 1. Faith Versus Reason: The Rhetorical Form and Content of Galileo’s Dialogue -- 2. Fact and Reasoning: The Logical Structure of Galileo’s Argument -- 3. Emotion, Aesthetics, and Persuasion: The Rhetorical Force of Galileo’s Argument -- 4. Truth and Method: The Scientific Content of Galileo’s Dialogue -- 5. Theory and Practice: The Methodological Content of Galileo’s Science -- II: Logical and Methodological Critiques -- 6. Concreteness and Judgment: The Dialectical Nature of Galileo’s Methodology -- 7. The Primacy of Reasoning: The Logical Character of Galileo’s Methodology -- 8. The Rationality of Science and the Science of Rationality: Critique of Subjectivism -- 9. The History of Science and the Science of History: Critique of Apriorism -- 10. The Erudition of Logic and the Logic of Erudition: Critique of Galileo Scholarship -- 11. The Psychology of Logic and the Logic of Psychology: Critique of the Psychology of Reasoning -- 12. The Rhetoric of Logic and the Logic of Rhetoric: Critique of the New Rhetoric -- 13. The Logic of Science and the Science of Logic: Toward a Science of Reasoning -- III: Theory of Reasoning -- 14. Propositional Structure: The Understanding of Reasoning -- 15. Active Involvement: The Evaluation of Reasoning -- 16. Galileo as a Logician: A Model and a Data Basis -- 17. Criticism, Complexity, and Invalidities: Theoretical Considerations -- Concluding Remarks / Toward a Galilean Theory of Rationality -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The work of Galileo has long been important not only as a foundation of modern physics but also as a model - and perhaps the paradigmatic model - of scientific method, and therefore as a leading example of scientific rationality. However, as we know, the matter is not so simple. The range of Galileo readings is so varied that one may be led to the conclusion that it is a case of chacun a son Galileo; that here, as with the Bible, or Plato or Kant or Freud or Finnegan's Wake, the texts themselves underdetermine just what moral is to be pointed. But if there is no canonical reading, how can the texts be taken as evidence or example of a canonical view of scientific rationality, as in Galileo? Or is it the case, instead, that we decide a priori what the norms of rationality are and then pick through texts to fmd those which satisfy these norms? Specifically, how and on what grounds are we to accept or reject scientific theories, or scientific reasoning? If we are to do this on the basis of historical analysis of how, in fact, theories came to be accepted or rejected, how shall we distinguish 'is' from 'ought'? What follows (if anything does) from such analysis or reconstruction about how theories ought to be accepted or rejected? Maurice Finocchiaro's study of Galileo brings an important and original approach to the question of scientific rationality by way of a systematic read­.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400990159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 60
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Understanding Scientific Discovery -- Scientific Judgment: Creativity and Discovery in Scientific Thought -- Discussion of Wartofsky’s Paper -- The Rational Explanation of Historical Discoveries -- Theoretical and Methodological Innovation in the Copernican Era and Beyond: Social Factors -- The Legitimation of Scientific Belief: Theory Justification by Copernicus -- Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel: Informal Commun-ication and the Aristocratic Context of Discovery -- The Clock Metaphor in the History of Psychology -- Biological Sciences From Darwin To Computer Diagnosis -- The Evolving Systems Approach to Creative Scientific Work: Charles Darwin’s Early Thought -- Ought Philosophers Consider Scientific Discovery? A Darwinian Case-Study -- Theory Construction in Genetics -- Discovery in the Biomedical Sciences: Logic or Irrational Intuition? -- Comment on Schaffner -- Reply -- Reductionistic Research Strategies and their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy -- Physics and Chemistry in the Twentieth Century -- The Discovery of a New Quantum Theory -- The Personal Character of the Discovery of Mechanisms in Cloud Physics -- The Structure of Discovery: Evolution of Structural Accounts of Chemical Bonding -- The Revolution in Geology: Continental Drift -- The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses and the Development of Plate Tectonic Theory -- Hess’s Development of his Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until recently, a major concern of modem philosophy of science. Whether the act of discoyery was regarded as mysterious and inexplicable, or obvious and in no need of explanation, modem philosophy of science in effect bracketed the question. It concentrated instead on the logic of scientific explanation or on the issues of validation or justification of scientific theories or laws. The recent revival of interest in the context of discovery, indeed in the acts of discovery, on the part of philosophers and historians of science, represents no one particular method'ological or philosophical orientation. It proceeds as much from an empiricist and analytical approach as from a sociological or historical one; from considerations of the logic of science as much as from the alogical or extralogical contexts of scientific tho'¢tt and practice. But, in general, this new interest focuses sharply on the actual historical and contem­ porary cases of scientific discovery, and on an examination of the act or moment of discovery in situ.
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