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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069985-en
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  • 2
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    Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070028-en
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  • 3
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    Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070004-en
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  • 4
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    Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071346-en
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  • 5
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    Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070042-en
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  • 6
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    Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071360-en
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  • 7
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    Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070844-en
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  • 8
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    Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A; Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A: Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for the evaluation of the mineralisation rate of a 14C-labelled compound in soil. The method is applicable to volatile or non-volatile, soluble or insoluble compounds which are not inhibitory to micro-organisms. The basic test consists on the treatment of a small sample of soil (50g) with the 14C-labelled test chemical (100µl) in a biometer flask apparatus. The soil and the radioactive test solution are mixed. In addition, an equivalent volume of test solution is placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask for direct determination of the added radioactivity. The biometer flask is closed with a stopper through which an Ascarite filter is inserted. The unit is charged by injecting 10 ml of alkali solution into the side tube. Experiment duration times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and - if necessary - 64 days should be chosen for measurement. The test requires parallel determinations. The method can included optional experiments: for chemicals of a vapour pressure higher than 0.0133 Pa and for relatively persistent chemicals. Release of 14CO2 from the test chemical is measured by means of alkali absorption and liquid scintillation counting. The 14CO2 radioactivity recovered is plotted versus time. Incubation time is sufficient when a total of 50 per cent CO2 expressed as 14C originally applied can be measured. Incubation should be stopped after reaching 64 days, whether or not this value is obtained.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070448-en
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  • 9
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    Test No. 302A: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in an aeration (SCAS) unit. The test compound (non-volatile, water soluble, organic, non-inhibitoring to bacteria at the test concentration) and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed. The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated. The above fill and draw procedure is repeated daily throughout the test. A high concentration of aerobic micro-organisms is used. The length of the test for compounds showing little or no biodegradation is indeterminate, but experience suggests that this should be at least 12 weeks. Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor. This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070363-en
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  • 10
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    Test No. 410: Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410; Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées; 21/28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410: Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées: 21/28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 21/28 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 21-day or 28-day study should provide information on the effects of repeated inhalation exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies and provide information on the dose levels of the latter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070745-en
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  • 11
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    Test No. 114: Viscosity of Liquids (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114; Viscosité des liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods to measure the viscosity of liquids. The methods listed are appropriate in principle for the investigation of Newtonian liquids. The measurement of non-Newtonian liquids is only possible with the rotational viscometer. Viscosity measurements are carried out predominantly according to five methods: the capillary viscometer, the flow cup, the rotational viscometer, the rolling ball viscometer and the drawing ball viscometer. Each determination of viscosity should preferably be made at a temperature of 20°C and at one other temperature approximately 20°C higher. At least two determinations should be made at each temperature. The evaluation of the viscosity measurement is to be carried out according to the standards in the case of capillary and forced ball viscometers. In the case of rotational viscometers, the specification of a viscosity is appropriate only for Newtonian fluids. For non- Newtonian fluids the results obtained are preferred in the form of flow curves which must be interpreted, assuming the validity of various laws of flow.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069763-en
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  • 12
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    Test No. 101: UV-VIS Absorption Spectra (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 101; Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 101: Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the determining of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectrum of a chemical compound to have some indication of the wavelengths at which the compounds may be susceptible to photochemical degradation. Degradation will depend upon the total energy absorbed in specific wavelength regions. The absence of measurable absorption does not preclude the possibility of photodegradation. This method utilises a double-beam spectrophotometer which records only the absorption differences between the blank (the solvent and all present chemical species other than the test chemical) and test solutions to give the spectrum of the chemical being tested. The test should be carried out at 25°C. The test solutions should be made up in a concentration which will result in at least one absorbance maximum in the range 0.5 to 1.5 units.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069503-en
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  • 13
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    Test No. 110: Particle Size Distribution/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 110; Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 110: Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes two methods. These tests are applicable only to water insoluble (solubility 〈 10-6 g/1) substances. The first method described (Method A) is designed to provide information on the transportation and sedimentation of insoluble particles in water and air. There are several standard methods available which meet the sensitivity requirements: the sedimentation, the centrifugation or the coulter counter. The sample should be subjected to a simple light microscopic examination to determine the approximate nature of the particles. Data are obtained for a 3 size ranges ›200µm, ‹2 µm and the region 2to 200µm. Method A, which determines the effective hydrodynamic radius, Rs (only in the range 2 μm 〈 Rs 〈 100 μm), can be used for both fibrous and non-fibrous particulates. The Method B is used in the special case of materials which can form fibres, it is comparatively specialised, infrequently required and involves microscopic examination. Scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy are required. There is no standard procedure at present. The full length (l) and diameter (d) data are needed on fibre of dimensions d≥ 0.1µm and l≥ 5µm. Two histograms should be prepared based on examination of at least 50 fibres each.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069688-en
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  • 14
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    Test No. 113: Screening Test for Thermal Stability and Stability in Air (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113; Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113: Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods for determining storage stability of a substance with respect to heat and air. Two methods are applicable to homogeneous solid and liquid substances and to mixtures of these: the accelerated storage test and the thermal analysis methods.In the accelerated storage test (CIPAC), a long duration storage instability can be simulated by applying a higher temperature during a short test. This test calls for the controlled storage at 54°C to 55°C for 14 days and subsequent analysis. In simple cases, it will be enough to determine a characteristic property before and after storage. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if the melting point has remained constant or the content of original substance as determined by analysis has decreased by not more than 5 per cent. In the thermal analysis methods (TGA and DTA), the sample and the standard reference material are heated up to the final temperature at a constant rate in a defined test atmosphere, either separately in a TGA or DTA apparatus, or in a combined system. The weight change of the sample or the quantities of heat absorbed or given off are measured and recorded. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if no decomposition or chemical transformation is found below 150°.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069749-en
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  • 15
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    Test No. 112: Dissociation Constants in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 112; Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 112: Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the methods allowing the determination of the dissociation constants in water. The dissociation is the reversible splitting into two or more chemical species which may be ionic. The determination of the dissociation constant requires a measure of the concentrations of the dissociated and undissociated forms of the chemical substance. From a knowledge of the stoichiometry of the dissociation reaction the appropriate constant can be determined. In the particular case described in this Guideline the substance is behaving as an acid or a base, and the determination is most conveniently done by determining the relative concentrations of ionised and unionised forms of the substance and the pH of the solution. The relationship between these terms is given in the equation for pKa. Some compounds exhibit more than one dissociation constant. Some of the methods described are also suitable for non-acid/base dissociation. There are two basic approaches to the determination of pKa. One involves titrating a known amount of substance with standard acid or base, as appropriate; the other involves determining the relative concentrations of the ionised and unionised forms and their pH dependence. Methods based on those principles may be classified as titration, spectrophotometric and conductometric procedures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069725-en
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  • 16
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    Test No. 108: Complex Formation Ability in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069640
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 108; Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 108: Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the polarographic method. The ability of a substance to form complexes with metals can be assessed by means of polarographic techniques which allow the determination of stability constants for some complexes. The polarographic method can be applied to substances with a water solubility greater than 10-5 M. This method is based on the fact that the reduction potentials of metal ions are shifted, usually to more negative values, as a result of complex formation. A minimum of four known concentrations of the chemical being tested should be investigated with a known concentration of metal ions. The chemical being tested should normally be present in at least a 25-fold excess over the metal ion concentrations. The current should be measured at applied potentials in the range - 0.2 V to -1.0 V. In order to detect complexes which form slowly, it is necessary to allow the solutions to stand under a nitrogen atmosphere for a minimum period of 24 hours. If the results are not significant, it is necessary to use methods based on different physicochemical principles, such as spectrophotometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069640-en
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  • 17
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    Test No. 411: Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 411; Toxicité cutanée subchronique; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 411: Toxicité cutanée subchronique: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazards of solid or liquid test substance. It may be carried out after initial information obtained by acute testing. This method is composed of the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 90 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (ophthalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a non effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070769-en
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  • 18
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    Test No. 116: Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 116; Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 116: Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to determine the fat solubility of solid and liquid substances. The fat solubility of a substance is one of the data for evaluating the storage of lipid soluble materials in biological tissue. This test method can only be applied to pure substances, non-reactive with triglyceride, which are stable at 50°C for at least 24 hours and which also are not appreciably volatile under the same conditions. The substance is dissolved in a liquid "standard fat" by stirring, and the saturation mass fraction of the substance is achieved by continued addition until a constant value for the mass fraction dependent variable is achieved as determined by a suitable analytical method.The methods use eight samples; each should be twice the quantity necessary for saturation as determined in the preliminary test. After adding a weighed amount of approximately 25 g of liquified and mixed standard fat, four flasks are stirred at 30°C (group I) and the other four at approximately 50°C (group II), each for at least one hour. All the flasks are stirred at 37°C, for liquids during 3 hours for two flasks of each group and for at least 24 hours for the last two flasks. At the end a sample is taken, weighed and the mass fraction is determined with different methods (photometric methods, gas chromatography, and extraction).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069800-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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