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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Barber B. Conable, President of the World Bank Group addressed the topic of Australian International Development at the 1989 annual meetings. Poverty, and its persistence alongside such wellbeing, is both a moral outrage and a threat to security. The challenge of poverty is an economic, political and social one. Together, all those elements of change spell a single word: development, the priority business of the World Bank, the oldest, largest and still the most effective international agency in promoting development. But the Bank is only one of the forces fighting global poverty. More of it should come from nations like Australia. Targeted compensation programs can help see the poor through the extra impact of adjustment and keep their hopes and political patience alive. The Bank is supporting such efforts in Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ghana, Jamaica and Morocco and looking elsewhere to see how the timetable or scope of reforms can best be balanced
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0195207882 , 9780195207880
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (251 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This is the twelfth in the annual series assessing major development issues. Economic growth rates among the developing countries have varied considerably. The external environment has had an adverse impact on growth, but domestic policies have been more important. Countries striving to adjust their economies have had considerable success reducing external imbalances but less success with internal balance. In the absence of large inflows of foreign capital, countries will need to rely on the mobilization of domestic financial resources. The structure of a country's financial system reflects its economic philosophy; the present financial structure of many developing countries reflects their approach to development in the 1960s and 1970s, an approach that emphasized government intervention in the economy. Today many countries are revising their approach to rely more heavily on the private sector. For the financial sector, this implies a smaller role for government in the allocation of credit, determination of interest rates, and the daily decisionmaking of financial intermediation. Relaxation of these controls calls for an effective system of prudent regulation and supervision. Hence while the objective is an open market, countries should not remove all capital controls until other economic and financial reforms are in place
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 0195206509 , 9780195206500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (307 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This is the eleventh report in the annual series assessing major development issues. Part I reviews recent trends in the world economy and their implications for the future prospects of developing countries. Part II examines the role of public finance in development. This report includes the World Development Indicators, which provide selected social and economic indicators for more than 100 countries. Despite continued economic growth through 1987 and into 1988, two problems have characterized recent trends: unsustainable economic imbalances within and among industrial countries, and highly uneven economic growth among developing countries. Part I of the report concludes that three interdependent policy challenges need to be addressed. First, industrial countries need to reduce their external payments imbalances. Second, developing countries need to continue restructuring their domestic economic policies in order to gain creditworthiness and growth. Third, net resource transfers, external debt, from the developing countries must be trimmed so that investment and growth can resume. Part II of the report explores how public finance policies are best designed and implemented. How deficits are reduced is crucial: controlling costs in mobilizing revenues and setting careful priorities in public spending are equally important. Efficiency in providing public services and expanding the scope for raising revenue can be achieved through decentralizing decisionmaking and reforming state-owned enterprises with the latter permitting greater private participation
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  • 4
    ISBN: 0195205634 , 9780195205633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (285 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This report, consisting of two parts, is the tenth in the annual series assessing development issues. Part I reviews recent trends in the world economy and their implications for the future prospects of developing countries. It stresses that better economic performance is possible in both industrial and developing countries, provided the commitment to economic policy reforms is maintained and reinforced. In regard to the external debt issues, the report argues for strengthened cooperation among industrial countries in the sphere of macroeconomic policy to promote smooth adjustment to the imbalances caused by external payments (in developing countries). Part II reviews and evaluates the varied experience with government policies in support of industrialization. Emphasis is placed on policies which affect both the efficiency and sustainability of industrial transformation, especially in the sphere of foreign trade. The report finds that developing countries which followed policies that promoted the integration of their industrial sector into the international economy through trade have fared better than those which insulated themselves from international competition
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Barber B. Conable, President of the World Bank and International Finance Corporation addressed the topic of the importance to development of trade and the need for a full role for developing countries in the negotiations. The latest general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) statistics show that export earnings of developing nations fell by 5.5 percent last year, while their imports fell by 6.5 percent in value terms. New GATT negotiations must be launched to help create a more certain outlook for trade and, indeed, for the world economy. He discusses that export development in the developing countries is not possible without generation of the skills the modern market and modern technology require, and the transfer of these skills becomes the cutting edge of education. Restoration of economic growth in the developing countries will benefit the export industries of the developed countries. The Bank attaches great importance to securing a more open trading environment. The negotiations should include discussion of all issues of importance to international trade between developed and developing countries, and they should also increase opportunities for trade among developing countries themselves
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  • 6
    ISBN: 0195205189 , 9780195205183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (256 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This is the ninth in an annual series assessing development issues. The world economy is entering its fourth year of growth since the recession of 1982. Yet the recovery is hesitant with many developing countries facing serious problems of adjustment. The recent decline in oil prices, interest rates, and inflation will provide a stimulus to developed and developing countries alike. But many debtor countries, particularly oil exporters, will find it hard to maintain growth in the near term. The effects of the recovery have been much weaker for many low-income Sub-Saharan countries. Part I of the report explores the policies required to restore growth in the developing world. It stresses the importance of developed countries maintaining the policies that have both reduced inflation and moderated distortions in their markets. Of concern however is the increase in international trade restrictions, if countries are to attain sustainable growth, the reform of domestic institutions must be accompanied by an effort towards international freer trade. Part 2 suggests that the gradual liberalization of trade should be a high priority for international action in agriculture. An examination of the policy options in developing countries suggests that economic stability and growth could be greatly enhanced by focusing on improved pricing and trade policies
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In this speech by A. W. Clausen, President of the World Bank and International Finance Corporation, he reconfirms the Bank's commitment to do all that it can to help the middle-income member countries with severe debt problems to regain sustained, noninflationary economic growth with social progress. Clausen reviewed the course of the debt crisis and the austerity responses of the heavily indebted middle income countries that were unavoidably painful--very sharp cutbacks in imports, reductions in public expenditure programs, depressed domestic income levels. Although most heavily-indebted countries took steps to attract resources into export-oriented industries in order to enhance their future debt-servicing capacity, such measures were in many instances hampered by severe restrictions on imports necessary to effect a quick reduction in the current account deficit. Additional capital is clearly needed to support productive investment. Industrialized countries must maintain steady growth and move to enhance market access for goods and services from developing countries. Developing countries need to adopt export-oriented trade policy, encourage domestic savings, and improve the quality of investments. The Bank will assist with formulation of growth programs, provide expanded capital, and mobilize capital from other sources
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In his speech, President A. W. Clausen reviews the economic and debt crisis of the last five years and shares his expectations for the next five years. The World Bank will play a vital role in a successful transition from recession to sustained economic growth. The Bank's operational strategy rests on twin pillars: assisting borrowers in formulating adjustment programs, and helping mobilize external resources to sustain these programs. Heavily indebted middle-income countries need help to grow out of their debts. Poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa need help analyzing and overcoming the constraints on their economic and social growth. Clausen submitted a resolution to establish the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). As an international community, we must undertake to reverse the depletion of our forests and the associated degradation of the land. Sustainable growth requires true development of human capital, the alleviation of poverty, and the maintenance of the environment. Improving the quality of life of all who dwell in the developing nations has more dimensions than ever before
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  • 9
    ISBN: 0195204824 , 9780195204827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (243 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This report focuses on the contribution that international capital makes to economic development. While the report pays close attention to the events of the recent past, it also places the use of foreign capital in a broader and longer-term perspective. Using such a perspective, the report shows how countries at different stages of development have used external finance productively; how the institutional and policy environment affects the volume and composition of financial flows to developing countries; and how the international community has dealt with financial crises. This report concludes that the developing countries will have a continuing need for external finance. It demonstrates that many of the policies required to attract external finance and promote economic growth are either being implemented or planned already
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