Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (54)
  • Paris
  • Economics  (54)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Post Mortem on OECD Short-term Projections from 1982 to 1987 (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 85 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.65
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews the accuracy of OECD projections over the 1982-1987 period. It is shown that, although the evolution of the economic climate was correctly projected, projection errors for economic activity and inflation varied significantly both through the period under consideration and between countries. But the average absolute error in GNP over the entire 1982/87 period was less than 1 percentage point. The biggest errors were made in the first half of the period and were more important for the smaller countries. An attempt is made to assess the likely impact of differences between assumed and realised economic policies, energy prices and exchange rates on the size and direction of the projection errors ...
    DOI: 10.1787/203318237015
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing Populations : Economic Effects and Implications for Public Finance (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.61
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Recent swings in fertility rates, combined with anticipated increases in life expectancy, are expected to result in a significant increase in the number and proportion of elderly persons in the first half of the next century. This "ageing" of OECD populations is expected to have widespread impacts, affecting labour markets, the composition and level of consumption and output, national rates of saving and the rate of capital accumulation, etc. A widely recognized effect of ageing will be the pressures it will place on public sector finances as the share of future output transferred to a large dependent population rises. This paper discusses some of the potential economic impacts of ageing. It also presents an analysis of its impacts on public pension financing requirements, with particular emphasis on selected OECD countries -- Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United States. It is shown that, where desirable, future increases in retirement age and benefit reductions could help reduce ...
    DOI: 10.1787/401111720150
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Dynamics of an Ageing Population : The Case of Four OECD Countries (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Demographic changes, such as those anticipated in most OECD countries, have many economic effects that impinge on a country's fiscal viability. Evaluation of the effects of associated changes in capital-labour ratios and the welfare and behaviour of different generations requires the use of a dynamic general equilibrium model. This paper uses an overlapping generations demographic simulation model, which incorporates bequest behaviour, technological change, the possibility that the economy is open to international trade, and government consumption expenditures that depend on the age composition of the population. The model has been further adapted to study the effects of anticipated demographic changes in Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and the United States. The simulation results indicate that these changes could have a major impact on rates of national saving, real wage rate and current accounts. One of this paper's fundamental lessons is that allowing for general ...
    DOI: 10.1787/054502801660
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling Business Sector Supply for the Smaller OECD Countries (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.71
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents business sector supply blocks for thirteen smaller OECD economies. The starting point is the approach adopted by the Economics and Statistics Department for the major economies. The structure of the supply blocks is explained and estimation results are presented. Results from several diagnostic simulations using the new blocks are also presented. Finally the way the supply blocks can be used to compare aggregate supply and demand is set out ...
    DOI: 10.1787/615253815306
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Saving Trends and Behaviour in OECD Countries (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 95 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.67
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: National saving ratios are generally lower now than in the 1960s or 1970s. This paper first reviews developments in national and international saving and investment trends in OECD countries since the 1960s. It then examines sectoral saving trends and considers the links between them. There are seen to be important offsets between government and private sector saving and, within the latter, between the business sector and households, so that national and private saving rates tend to be more stable than their component parts. The paper looks in particular at the reasons lying behind the volatile behaviour of household saving in certain countries in recent years ...
    DOI: 10.1787/006737401012
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Revised Groupings for Non-OECD Countries in OECD's Macroeconomic Model INTERLINK (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.64
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides details of the regrouping of non-OECD countries which has been carried out for the purposes of the forecasting and modelling work in the Department of Economics and Statistics. The new groups were used for the first time in OECD Economic Outlook no. 44 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/362227216417
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Sequencing of Structural Reforms (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 129 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.70
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Both OECD and developing economies have embarked on structural reforms aimed at dismantling regulations and reducing the extent of distortions affecting different sectors of their economies. Regardless of the marked differences, both groups have to deal with the problems of the appropriate sequencing and speed of reforms. This paper first critically reviews the LDC related literature on sequencing and speed of structural reforms drawing out features which are of relevance for OECD economies. The paper then develops a formal framework based on a welfare criterion for evaluating different sequencing scenarios. The framework emphasises the microeconomic or efficiency effects of structural policies paying particular attention to the way in which distortions interact both intra and inter temporally. The framework is then used to discuss some of the important issues such as the sequencing of micro and macro reforms ("competition of instruments"), broad front versus sequential ...
    DOI: 10.1787/544185060882
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Information Content of the Term Structure of Interest Rates : Theory and Practice (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.69
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper is devoted to an empirical examination of the information content in the term structure of nominal interest rates for future inflation. Tests of the ability of the term structure to forecast future changes in the inflation rate are carried out for six major OECD countries using monthly data. These tests demonstrate that the term structure does have considerable forecasting ability, particularly for rates taken from the short end of the maturity spectrum. However, with one exception, forecasting power tends to fade or disappear completely when the term structure in question is formed using yields on increasingly distant maturities as the long rate. This suggests that changes in the nominal term structure using such rates reflect mostly changes in the term structure of (ex post) real interest rates ...
    DOI: 10.1787/748671027822
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Increased Government Saving on the Economy (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.68
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: An increase in long-term economic growth requires higher investment in the OECD economies if it is to be achieved, otherwise faster growth will generate unsustainable pressure on resources. Higher investment can only occur if there is higher saving which could perhaps be generated by an increase in public sector saving. This paper looks at the consequences for five major economies of the OECD of a continued reduction in government deficits, or increase in surpluses, using the OECD econometric model. The conclusion of the paper is that using conventional economic relationships, a fall in government expenditure should increase national savings and lead to higher private sector investment. Over the longer term, the higher investment will raise the actual and potential output level of the economy -- more than compensating for the lower short-term level of output associated with the cuts in government expenditure ...
    DOI: 10.1787/452441446653
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential Output in the Seven Major OECD Countries (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.66
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper outlines the concepts and methods used by the OECD Secretariat to derive estimates of potential output and capacity utilisation for the major seven countries. While there are many alternative definitions of potential output, the one which is currently being used by the OECD Secretariat refers to the level of output that is consistent over the medium-term with stable inflation. The paper also contrasts the OECD approach and estimates with those published recently by the IMF. Finally, it presents the results of some INTERLINK simulations designed to illustrate some of the possible effects of faster productivity and potential output growth on macroeconomic performance ...
    DOI: 10.1787/756608308425
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On Aggregation Methods of Purchasing Power Parities (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 137 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.56
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The development of purchasing power parities as converters of national accounts aggregates to comparable volume figures is important for international economic comparisons. This study is primarily concerned with the aggregation of price relativities to basic heading level: that is, the level below which there are no expenditure weights available across all of a given group of countries. Eight possible methods of aggregation to basic heading level are identified and appropriate summary statistics developed to assist in the subsequent practical investigation of these methods. This is undertaken using price data for 37 basic headings in ten OECD countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/020451668452
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Private Consumption, Inflation and the "Debt Neutrality Hypothesis" : The Case of Eight OECD Countries (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the empirical basis for the debt-neutrality hypothesis in an international cross-section of eight major OECD countries over the period 1961-85. The analysis uses a dynamic demand system for durable and non-durable goods derived from individual optimizing behaviour. The model nests three specifications corresponding to different degrees of consumer rationality: the traditional life-cycle consumption model, the case of inflation-adjustment of disposable income (no money illusion) and the case of full "tax discounting" (no fiscal illusion). In addition, the model incorporates explicitly the role of a variable interest rate and substitution between public and private consumption. The model is estimated using three different consumption aggregates at the single-country level and over the pooled data set. Estimates of the inflation-adjustment and fiscal illusion parameters are provided and specification tests opposing the three versions of the model are performed. The ...
    DOI: 10.1787/012554655282
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying the Economy-Wide Effects of Agricultural Policies : A General Equilibrium Approach (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents a progress report on the Economics and Statistics Department's applied general equilibrium model -- the WALRAS model. This model has been developed with the explicit objective of quantifying the economy-wide effects of agricultural policies in OECD countries. The common specification of the model for the major OECD agricultural trading countries/regions (Australia, Canada, EEC, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) is described in detail. Results are presented for some preliminary simulations of the effects of removing the 1979-81 levels of agricultural assistance in these countries/regions. The initial results relate only to unilateral liberalisation experiments with the unlinked country/region models, with no account being taken of feedback effects through changes in world agricultural prices and trade volumes ...
    DOI: 10.1787/574100212533
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The OECD Compatible Trade and Production Data Base 1970-1985 (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 119 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Compatible Trade and Production data base (COMTAP) consists of annual statistics on production, imports and exports of manufactured goods. The key feature of this data base is that both the production and trade statistics are classified according to the same nomenclature, namely, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The conversion of both trade and production statistics to the ISIC is approximate because there is usually no direct correspondence between the ISIC and the classification in which the trade and production data are reported to the OECD. This report describes the contents of COMTAP, some of the analytic uses to which it can be put, and the problems encountered in setting up the COMTAP data base. Finally, some examples are given of how the data base can be used to calculate "market penetration" and "export performance" ratios for 23 OECD countries over the period 1970 to 1985 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/864667824380
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eliminating the U.S. Federal Budget Deficit by 1993 : The Interaction of Monetary and Fiscal Policy (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper uses the OECD's economic model, INTERLINK, to examine the consequences of eliminating the U.S. federal government deficit. Such action could lead to either lower real interest rates, lower inflation rates or a smaller current account deficit, depending on the stance of monetary policy. The elimination of the U.S. Federal deficit over the medium term could significantly lower the U.S. inflation rate and improve the current account deficit, if nominal interest rates were held constant in the face of falling inflation rates. In the absence of a reduction in the fiscal deficit, a significant increase in interest rates would be necessary to achieve the same reduction in the inflation rate. If, however, policy tightening is not necessary to contain inflation, a reduction in the fiscal deficit might be accompanied by a fall in nominal and real interest rates. In this case, a reduction in the fiscal deficit would not necessarily result in an improvement in the current account ...
    DOI: 10.1787/384731238002
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Commodity Prices Leading Indicators of OECD Prices? (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the hypothesis that commodity price trends are useful indicators of OECD price developments. After a discussion of statistical techniques to assess the time series properties of individual price indices, integration and cointegration tests are conducted on a wide set of individual and aggregate commodity price indices and consumer price indices for the major seven OECD countries. The results of the analysis suggest that there is no clear evidence of any equilibrium relationship between levels of consumer and commodity prices. But relations between changes in a number of commodity prices such as metals and agricultural raw material prices and consumer prices may be established. The stability over time of such relationships is also tested ...
    DOI: 10.1787/577218573683
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tests of Total Factor Productivity Measurement (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Although considerable effort has been expended on constructing measures of total factor productivity, there has been little subsequent effort at verifying that the constructed data have the expected properties. This paper proposes a number of tests to determine whether total factor productivity is measured correctly. A similar approach can be used for other economic data ...
    DOI: 10.1787/136767018028
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Monetary Policy on the Real Sector : An Overview of Empirical Evidence for Selected OECD Economies (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.51
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of understanding about the effects of monetary policy, both at the conceptual level and in the light of the experience of the seven major OECD countries (the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada) and three selected smaller open economies (Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden) since the early 1970s (1). Over this period, there have been substantial developments in the policy making environment and in the conduct and implementation of monetary policy which may have significantly affected the way monetary variables influence the real sector of the economy. A. Changes in the macroeconomic and financial environment and their implications for policy making Since the early 1970s there has been a general deterioration in the macroeconomic situation in OECD countries. These have been subjected to large supply shocks, to substantial changes in the rate of inflation, to slow economic growth, to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/076618776054
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An International Sectoral Data Base for Thirteen OECD Countries (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 95 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.57
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes an international sectoral data base, the ISDB, which has been created at the OECD as part of the continuing study of industrial structure and economic performance in OECD Member countries. This data base is one which relates primarily to sectoral output and factor resource use in thirteen OECD Member countries. In the context of recent OECD work, substantial use was made of the ISDB in preparing the recent OECD study, "Structural Adjustment and Economic Performance" (1987), and in other studies. Part II of the paper reports an analysis of a number of summary statistics derived from the data base for the period 1970 to 1985; specifically those related to economic structure and sectoral growth over the period ...
    DOI: 10.1787/855248781015
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The So-Called "Non-Economic" Objectives of Agricultural Policy (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.52
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Agricultural support costs OECD countries billions of dollars per year in lost income. It is frequently argued, however, that this is not waste, but is rather a fair price to pay for a number of "non-economic" objectives such as thriving rural communities and increased national security. This paper analyses these objectives and their relationship with agricultural policy. It draws three conclusions: first, the so-called non-economic objectives (SNOs) are, in fact, economic; second, being economic they are amenable to quantification and economic analysis; and, third, present forms of agricultural support may be inefficient means to achieve these objectives ...
    DOI: 10.1787/148132766818
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empirical Research on Trade Liberalisation with Imperfect Competition : A Survey (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Orthodox trade theory rests on a number of unrealistic assumptions which include, among others, constant returns to scale in production and perfect competition in product and factor markets. This has led many commentators to express strong skepticism about the policy conclusions flowing from the orthodox framework. In response to these concerns, a rapidly-growing literature has developed over the past decade which incorporates more realistic features of the trading system such as imperfect competition, increasing returns to scale and product differentiation. This paper presents a review of the empirical research on the "new trade" theories. Section II outlines briefly the theoretical framework for the empirical research. The results from a series of partial and general equilibrium studies are surveyed in Section III. The final section suggests some directions for future work in this area ...
    DOI: 10.1787/576532716180
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling Housing Investment for Seven Major OECD Countries (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents new housing equation estimates for the major seven countries in INTERLINK, the OECD world econometric model. Theoretical and empirical aspects of housing investment behaviour are discussed in a model context. Estimation results using an adjustment model for the stock of houses are presented and discussed, together with simulations comparing the performances of the old and new housing blocks in the model. The results embody an important improvement in understanding the aggregate determination of aggregate residential investment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/062214542760
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alternative Solution Methods in Applied General Equilibrium Analysis (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses the relative strengths and weaknesses of alternative solution methods in applied general equilibrium (AGE) analysis. The particular focus is not on the technical properties of solution algorithms, but instead deals with the general issue of using linearised approximation methods, more popularly referred to as the Johansen class of AGE models, relative to models which are solved in level form via solution of a system of non-linear equations. Particular attention is given to the practical aspects of AGE empirical work with special emphasis on problems encountered in multi-country modelling.
    DOI: 10.1787/830687701718
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monetary Policy in the Second Half of the 1980s : How Much Room for Manoeuvre? (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses how monetary policy might assist macroeconomic performance in the second half of the 1980s in the G-10 countries, without compromising the medium-term objective of price stability. From this perspective, the recent stance of monetary policy is assessed, as well as its possible effects on output and inflation. The paper also examines the gains that might be expected from a short-run monetary stimulus, internationally coordinated, against the risks that might be implied for central bank credibility ...
    DOI: 10.1787/510533234501
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Developments in OECD's International Macroeconomic Model (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.46
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper summarizes recent empirical studies contributing towards the OECD Secretariat INTERLINK world macroeconomic model. For a number of topics, it reviews work which is described in more detail in recent Economics and Statistics Department Working Papers. It also covers a number of areas where recent changes have been relatively less substantial in terms of changes in model structure, but nonetheless influential in the evolution of model properties. A final section reviews current Secretariat macroeconometric modelling work which is yet to be implemented in the model and also discusses possible future developments. A separate companion paper, ESD Working Paper No. 47, analyses the single- and multi-country simulation properties of a recent version of the model, one which includes most of the research reported here ...
    DOI: 10.1787/302480486632
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Price Determination in the Major Seven Country Models in INTERLINK (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.44
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents new domestic price blocks for the major seven economies in INTERLINK, the Economics and Statistics Department's world econometric model. Theoretical, statistical and practical aspects of new behavioural price equations are discussed in a model context. Results from a variety of diagnostic simulations using the new price blocks are presented, suggesting some important improvements in the overall simulation properties of INTERLINK compared to previous versions ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443241862143
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Investment-Income Determination in INTERLINK : Models for 23 OECD Countries and Six Non-OECD Regions (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.45
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents the specification of an investment-income model for 23 OECD countries and six non-OECD regions. The basic structure of the model -- an effective rate of return applied to the stock of foreign assets and liabilities -- is relatively simple and straightforward. A central distinction is made between dollar and non-dollar denominated foreign assets and liabilities and matrices giving estimates of the currency composition of these stocks are reported. Estimation and simulation results for the investment-income model are presented ...
    DOI: 10.1787/700735334367
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review of the Simulation Properties of OECD's INTERLINK Model (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.47
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews the simulation properties of a recent version of the OECD Secretariat's international macroeconomic model, INTERLINK, a version which embodies much of the empirical work reported in recent Working Papers and summarised in a separate companion paper ESD Working Paper No. 46. The material presented is intended to provide a general overview of model properties and some of the key mechanisms involved ...
    DOI: 10.1787/686024507858
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Medium-Term Macroeconomic Strategy Revisited (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses several aspects of the medium-term orientation of OECD countries' economic policies in the 1980s, concentrating on monetary and fiscal instruments. The developments that led to the adoption of such a "medium-term strategy", and the apparent analytical rationale for it, are first described. The paper then examines the way the strategy was actually implemented, attempting to judge how closely policies have in fact followed medium-term objectives, and assesses the results. Some lessons from experience with the strategy are outlined in conclusion ...
    DOI: 10.1787/432567751277
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Revised Supply Block for the Major Seven Countries in INTERLINK (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.41
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: While the philosophy behind the supply block has not changed since its initial version, each of the block's behavioural equations as well as the parameters of the production functions have been substantially modified. These modifications have been motivated, in general, by a wish to improve the consistency of the block and to relax some of the constraints imposed. Consistency has been improved via a minor modification to the procedure for estimating the parameters of the production function, as well as from the inclusion of a measure of "normal" inventory growth in the demand term in the output equation. In the new version, the equilibrium stock/output ratio is no longer treated as a constant; tax considerations and domestic price effects are now included in the business energy price equations, and the dynamic adjustment of the factor demand equations has been made more general. Finally, some research on potential output, based on the revised production model, is reported ...
    DOI: 10.1787/780384187533
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax Reform in OECD Countries : Economic Rationale and Consequences (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 130 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.40
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the question of tax reform in OECD countries. First, the reasons for tax reform are reviewed. These include economic efficiency arguments as well as concerns about equity which are often a major consideration. Next, the paper considers the many factors which constrain governments in their effort to reform the tax system (such as inherent conflicts between efficiency and equity, and the non-revenue objectives of taxation), and how those constraints might be reduced. Finally, the paper reviews the extent of tax reform in OECD countries, noting some of the remaining problems ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082177701741
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Import and Export Price Equations for Manufactures (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.43
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents a new system for the consistent determination of import and export prices of manufactured products for use in the world trade block of the OECD INTERLINK model. It uses a system design which directly couples the bilateral determinants of export prices with the bilateral determinants of import prices. The results, however, will be obtained without the need for specific bilateral information other than the bilateral exchange rate. The model allows for price discrimination between different markets for the same exporter and features less than full pass-through of exchange rate movements into import prices ...
    DOI: 10.1787/807537836402
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking the U.S. External Deficit, 1980-1985 : Experience with the OECD INTERLINK Model (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.38
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the recent evolution of the U.S. current account external deficit in the context of the OECD Secretariat world model, INTERLINK. It seeks to assess to what extent developments in the U.S. current balance since 1980 might be viewed as being surprising, at least by the standards of the relationships embodied in the current U.S. trade block of that model ...
    DOI: 10.1787/602500188875
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Economic Activity and Non-Oil Commodity Prices : Reduced-Form Equations for INTERLINK (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.42
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the determination of non-oil commodity prices in the Economics and Statistics Department's INTERLINK world model. The practical problems which have been encountered, in particular in the context of full simulations are discussed. Based on a number of statistical tests, a new specification of the commodity price block is proposed. Indices of nominal commodity prices measured in dollars are estimated as functions of OECD economic activity and inflation, U.S. interest rates and oil prices. Compared to the previous system, the new equations are better behaved in a number of respects ...
    DOI: 10.1787/385873764137
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mécanismes de transmission et effets macro-économiques de la politique monétaire en France : Les principaux enseignements économétriques (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.33
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: This paper considers the main transmission channels and macroeconomic effects of monetary policy in France over the last decade, as described by the structure and the simulation properties of contemporary econometric models. In particular the paper emphasizes: a) the larger role attributed by model-builders to interest rates as compared to financial quantity constraints; b) the inadequate consideration given to expectations in the modelling of the wage indexation process and international linkages (especially with respect to the EMS); and c) the significant impact of monetary policy on the real economy and the importance of the real output costs which result from disinflationary policy, at least in the short to medium run. Moreover, policy simulation with some models suggests that a sustained exogeneous rise in nominal interest rates under fixed exchange rates would have a stagflationary impact (lower output, higher prices) because of the assumption that firms, which are highly ...
    DOI: 10.1787/853567188731
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wealth and Inflation Effects in the Aggregate Consumption Function (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines some alternative specifications of the aggregate consumption function for eight OECD countries. Wealth effects are potentially important as determinants of consumption and as a transmission channel from monetary influences to real variables. However, measurement difficulties prevent direct incorporation of wealth in empirical work on consumption in many countries. Here, wealth effects are incorporated implicitly into estimated functions in a way that differentiates between indexed and non-indexed assets. Results indicate that, while inflation appears to affect measured consumption ratios in all countries examined, an interaction between inflation and interest rates that would be implied by wealth effects is not always present. The implications of different consumption functions are tested within a macroeconomic model, the OECD INTERLINK system. The response of output and consumption to standard fiscal policy shocks generally becomes smaller when inflation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/355210375641
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Government Household Transfer Data Base 1960-1984 (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.36
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Government Household Transfer data base (GHT) consists of annual statistics on social security and welfare transfers to households from government, covering the period 1960-84. Social security benefits are classified by subfunction according to the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG). This report describes the contents of GHT, the sources used and the problems encountered in setting up the data base. Tables are presented showing levels expressed in U.S. dollars per head of population, transfers as a percent of GDP, the distribution by subfunction and elasticities of transfers with respect to GDP. Growth rates are given for the periods 1960-73, 1973-79, 1979-84 and 1960-84. The annexes contain country tables showing the subfunctional breakdown of transfers in national currencies and a description of the items included and the sources used ...
    DOI: 10.1787/768882451333
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pure Profit Rates and Tobin's q in Nine OECD Countries (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper extends a previous study of profit trends to consider valuation ratios (Tobin's q) in nine countries. Tobin's q embodies market expectations and is an indicator of expected pure profit rates on the existing capital stock. Since 1982, equity markets have recovered substantially. By end-1985, values of Tobin's q were close to their 1974 levels and close to the symbolic figure of unity. The theoretical and conceptual relevance of q is considered, as well as data and measurement limitations. Real debt and equity costs of finance are considered in the light of buoyant stock markets. The implications of the strong recent recovery in q for investment are also noted ...
    DOI: 10.1787/530230510717
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exchange Rates and Real Long-Term Interest-Rate Differentials : Evidence for Eighteen OECD Countries (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The bivariate relationship between real exchange rates and the real long-term interest rate differential has been investigated in a number of recent studies. By exchange-rate-equation standards, this specification does a relatively good job of tracking the historical movements in the dollar-Deutschemark and the dollar-yen bilateral exchange rates, and the dollar effective exchange rate; but does a poor job for the dollar-sterling rate. This paper extends the analysis to 18 OECD countries, in bilateral as well as effective terms. Results from earlier studies are confirmed, but in general the estimation results are sufficiently mixed to suggest that the absence of any risk premia variables may be an important omission ...
    DOI: 10.1787/407414641637
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Method of Calculating Effective Exchange Rates and Indicators of Competitiveness (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 85 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.29
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes the method of calculation of competitiveness indicators and effective exchange rates that are published half-yearly by the Secretariat in the Economic Outlook. This calculation is based on a double-weighting principle: the procedure calculates the relative importance of different countries on each market according to the relative importance of these markets for the country in question. The calculations include the impact of the domestic producer in each market, i.e. a particular country is considered as a competitor to other exporters to its own market. On the other hand, in calculating the importance of each competitor to a given country the share of the country in question is excluded in every market, i.e. a country cannot compete with itself. Weighting matrices have been constructed for each year, starting in 1970, and have been used to define and compute relative indices of costs, prices and exchange rates ...
    DOI: 10.1787/058386106013
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Formulation of Monetary Policy : A Reassessment in the Light of Recent Experience (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reassesses, in the light of recent experience, the formulation of monetary policy in terms of targets for monetary aggregates in the major countries. A number of difficulties which have arisen are discussed: instability of the money-income relationship; constraints created by fiscal imbalances; exchange rate variability, as well as debt problems and threats to banks' solvency. The responses of monetary authorities to these difficulties are described and some possible options for the formulation of monetary policy in the future are considered (including nominal income and exchange rate targeting) ...
    DOI: 10.1787/025558443125
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internationalisation of Financial Markets : Some Implications for Macroeconomic Policy and for the Allocation of Capital (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.37
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the effects of the internationalisation of financial markets on the conduct of macroeconomic policy and the allocation of capital. It first examines the increased integration between domestic and external (or "Euro") financial markets and the recent tendency towards convergence of real interest rates among financially open countries. After briefly touching on the macro policy consequences of financial internationalisation, the paper then deals with long-term implications for the international allocation of capital, with special emphasis on the existence of tax distortions. Using estimated tax wedges for business investment and the supply block of the INTERLINK system, it shows that, under integrated financial markets, the existing tax distortions could generate a large imbalance in the net external asset position which involves a significant welfare cost ...
    DOI: 10.1787/322664267766
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The OECD Compatible Trade and Production Data Base 1970-1983 (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.31
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Compatible Trade and Production data base (COMTAP) consists of annual statistics on production, imports and exports of manufactured goods. The key feature of this data base is that both the production and trade statistics are classified according to the same nomenclature, namely, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The conversion of both trade and production statistics to the ISIC is approximate because there is usually no direct correspondence between the ISIC and the classification in which the trade and production data are reported to the OECD. This report describes the contents of COMTAP , some of the analytic uses to which it can be put, and the problems encountered in setting up the COMTAP data base. Finally, some examples are given of how the data base can be used to calculate "market penetration ratios" for 13 OECD countries over the period 1970 to 1983. The annexes present some of the COMTAP data in summary form ...
    DOI: 10.1787/571481405122
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Debt in a Medium-Term Context and Its Implications for Fiscal Policy (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the problems raised by the recent sharp increases in the ratio of public debt to GNP in most OECD Member countries. When interest rates exceed growth rates, this development appears as a symptom of instability in public finances. The paper also analyses the evolution of public debt within the wider framework of the government sector's net worth. One particular aspect of this approach -- the implicit pension liabilities of governments -- is seen to have a significant bearing on the debt outlook in several countries. Finally, the paper assesses the sensitivity of the public debt profile under alternative fiscal policy settings ...
    DOI: 10.1787/628367225815
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Commodity Prices in INTERLINK (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes work on the determination of primary commodity prices in world spot markets and in trade. Reduced-form equations for four product group price indices are estimated as functions of OECD activity, world prices, interest rates, exchange rates, oil prices, and other variables. The equations are tested for stability on their own and within the OECD INTERLINK system. The effect of exogenous shocks upon primary commodity prices is studied as well as the effect of commodity price changes upon OECD inflation and activity. The commodity price equations enter in the INTERLINK system through export unit value equations, the estimation of which is described in the paper ...
    DOI: 10.1787/711115866305
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aggregate Supply in INTERLINK : Model Specification and Empirical Results (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes modifications to, and further developments of, the supply block in the Secretariat's INTERLINK world model as of the autumn of 1985. The objective of the work was to strengthen the role of supply side elements, in particular profitability, in the model. In the process, stockbuilding was endogenised, assigning to inventories an important buffer role between sales and output in the dynamic adjustment process. Price formation has been linked more coherently to the revised supply structure via a dual cost function, and labour supply has been endogenised. The equations described in this paper have been incorporated in the latest version of INTERLINK, the simulation properties of which will be described in a separate forthcoming working paper, "The Structure and Simulation Properties of the OECD INTERLINK Model: An Overview" ...
    DOI: 10.1787/080723842221
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taux d'intérêt réels et perspectives de croissance durable (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, le niveau des taux d'intérêt réels est apparu relativement élevé dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE. Cela n'a pas empêché la reprise économique de se développer (à un rythme plus rapide aux Etats-Unis et au Japon qu'en Europe) pas plus qu'il n'y a eu, semble-t-il, d'effets réellement défavorables sur les investissements des entreprises, en forte progression dans certains pays (les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni par exemple). Cependant, on peut craindre que la persistance de taux réels élevés ne contribue à ralentir l'activité économique. En outre, le niveau élevé des taux d'intérêt -- tant nominaux que réels -- a aggravé les difficultés d'un certain nombre de pays en développement lourdement endettés, affectant ainsi défavorablement les exportations des pays de l'OCDE et menaçant la solidité du système bancaire international. De ce fait, cette situation constitue un sujet de préoccupation quasi général. L'étude qui suit aborde une série de questions soulevées par le ...
    DOI: 10.1787/122754857224
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Base de données compatibles sur le commerce et la production de l'OCDE (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La Base de données compatibles sur le commerce et la production (COMTAP) de l'OCDE a été établie par la Banque mondiale, sous la supervision générale du Professeur Jean Waelbroeck de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles. La Division des Statistiques Economiques et des Comptes Nationaux du Département des Affaires Economiques et Statistiques est maintenant responsable de la gestion de cette base de données. Ce document décrit le contenu de la base de données, ainsi que certaines des exploitations analytiques auxquelles elle peut donner lieu. En suite, il examine certains problèmes que posait la constitution de cette base. Il donne enfin des exemples de l'utilisation de COMTAP pour le calcul d'un indicateur déterminé de la "pénétration du marché". Les annexes jointes présentent sous forme résumée certaines des données figurant dans les fichiers COMTAP. Contenu de la base de données La Base de données compatibles sur le commerce et la production (COMTAP) comprend des statistiques annuelles ...
    DOI: 10.1787/558124530071
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les prix de l'énergie : Evolution et perspectives (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.22
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document examine le comportement probable des prix de l'énergie à moyen terme pour tenter de déterminer si ces prix resteront un facteur de désinflation comme en 1983 et en 1984, ou s'ils risquent d'augmenter plus vite que les autres prix, contribuant ainsi à relancer l'inflation. La première Section retrace l'évolution récente des prix de l'énergie, et notamment des prix des sources autres que le pétrole dans les périodes de hausse et de baisse du prix du pétrole. Dans la deuxième Section, on évalue les tendances probables de la production pétrolière des pays de l'OPEP et de la production résiduelle sur les marchés mondiaux de l'énergie, dans l'hypothèse d'une croissance économique à moyen terme modérée. Etant donné le rôle ma jeur que joue le prix du pétrole dans la détermination du prix des autres formes d'énergie, en particulier du gaz naturel, cette démarche devrait donner quelques indications sur les tendances probables des prix énergétiques et sur leurs relations ...
    DOI: 10.1787/213844707150
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nominal Wage Determination in Ten OECD Economies (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.19
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The importance of wages in the analysis and forecasting of macroeconomic developments needs no emphasis. Nominal wage inflation is a crucial component of price inflation, while real wages importantly influence the demand for labour and for other factors of production. More generally, the way in which nominal wages are set is an important determinant of whether or not there is any short- or longer-run trade off between inflation and employment. The way that wages evolve in the current situation of recovering output and profits, where inflation has declined and unemployment remains high, will be critical in determining whether there are pressures which might contribute to a resurgence of inflation. This paper analyses the historical determinants of nominal wages in ten OECD economies and considers the implications for future wage, and hence inflation, developments. The Phillips curve represents a dynamic adjustment process of nominal wages to equilibrium and disequilibrium phenomena ...
    DOI: 10.1787/543148520161
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Écarts entre les importations et les exportations dans les statistiques du commerce extérieur du l'OCDE (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.25
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La présente note traite des différences sur échanges, c'est-à-dire de l'écart entre le chiffre d'un flux d'importation et celui qui concerne (apparemment) le même flux considéré comme exportation. Par définition, on posera ici que les différences sur échanges sont égales à (M-X/M) 100, où M et X sont, respectivement, les importations enregistrées dans les statistiques du commerce extérieur d'un pays comme venant d'un partenaire donné et les exportations enregistrées dans les statistiques de ce partenaire comme partant à destination du pays considéré. La présente étude vise à examiner pourquoi des différences existent, à en déterminer l'ampleur et à voir si elles ont varié depuis une dizaine d'années. L'étude s'appuyant sur le fichier de statistiques du commerce extérieur de l'OCDE, se limite aux échanges entre pays de l'OCDE. Par ailleurs, elle ne s'intéresse qu'aux données exprimées en valeur, et jusqu'à présent rien n'a été entrepris pour étudier les écarts entre les notifications ...
    DOI: 10.1787/263600606605
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in the Composition of Output and Employment (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the main determinants of compositional changes in private consumption, output and employment in the post-OPEC 1 period compared with earlier developments. An attempt is made to separate cyclical forces from more permanent ones. This, it is hoped, may shed some light on the likely behaviour of employment in a setting of revived economic growth. The first part of the paper presents a brief overview of past trends for major categories of private consumption (food, other goods, private services, and energy), private sector output (mining, agriculture, manufacturing, construction and private services), sectoral employment, productivity and foreign trade shares. The second part shows empirical results from sectoral output-, private consumption- and sectoral productivity functions. Assisted by these findings a third and final part evaluates the likely evolution of sectoral output and employment in a period of faster economic growth and, as well, its implications for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/874716253535
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Profits and Rates of Return in OECD Countries (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 109 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.20
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: There is widespread concern, particularly in Europe, about the possibility of a secular decline in profits and rates of return. The purpose of this study is to assess whether there has been a decline and to quantify it as far as possible, taking measurement problems into account. It also considers summarily the significance of observed trends and the reasons for them. Profits are generally seen as an essential feature of market economies. When they are low, it is feared that enterprise and innovation will falter and the rate of investment decline, leading to sluggish growth in output and capacity. Low growth may also lead to low profits. The precise links between profits and economic performance are, however, theoretically complicated and difficult to establish empirically. This is because both economic and accounting definitions of profit cover heterogeneous phenomena and are calculated as a residual. Conceptual and measurement issues are important in assessing the evolution of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/468348310348
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Flexibilité du marché du travail et chocs extérieurs sur les prix (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.24
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L'évolution récente et prévue du marché du travail se caractérise par une polarisation et un cloisonnement croissants entre les pays de l'OCDE et à l'intérieur des marchés du travail nationaux. On s'attend à ce qu'en Europe, le taux de chômage devienne plus élevé qu'en Amérique du Nord, étant donné qu'il continuera vraisemblablement de s'accroître dans les pays où il est déjà important et qu'il diminuera sans doute encore dans les pays où il est relativement faible. Par ailleurs, c'est en général dans les pays où le taux de chômage est élevé, que le chômage de longue durée et le chômage des jeunes par rapport au chômage total sont les plus importants. On fait souvent valoir que les écarts de taux de chômage entre pays ou régions s'expliquent en partie par des degrés différents de "rigidité" ou, en termes positifs, de "flexibilité" du marché du travail. On estime que les chocs extérieurs sur les prix entraînent un chômage structurel plus élevé lorsque le marché du travail est ...
    DOI: 10.1787/760154127846
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...