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  • 1985-1989  (80)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (80)
  • History  (80)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    History and Anti-History in Philosophy (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: On the Nature of Philosophic Historiography -- Historical Analysis and Applied Logic -- Sociology of Knowledge, and Philosophic Understanding as Dialexis or Verstaendigung -- Interpretation, Query, and the Categorization of History -- The Metahistory of Modes in Philosophic Historiography -- II. On the Unity of Systematic Philosophy and History of Philosophy -- III. The Interpretive Turn from Kant to Derrida: A Critique -- Kant: Formal Interpretation Theory -- 19th Century Contextual Interpretation Theory: Hegel and Marx -- Pragmatism and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: John Dewey and C. I. Lewis -- Sociology of Knowledge and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: Mannheim -- Interpretation Theory from Phenomenology to Hermeneutics: Husserl, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer -- Hermeneutics and Critical Theory: The Habermas-Gadamer Debate -- Interpretation as Deconstruction: Derrida -- Why Deconstruction? -- Conclusion -- IV. Intellectual History as a Tool of Philosophy -- The Social Nature of Reflective and Expressive Products -- Some Unphilosophic Uses of Past Philosophies -- Can there be Specialized History of Pure Philosophy? -- V. Hermeneutic Modes, Ancient and Modern -- The Expression of Universal Meanings -- The Expression of Individual Meanings -- The Expression of Physical Meanings -- The Expression of Ideal Meanings -- VI. Derrida and the Question of Philosophy’s History -- The Satiric View of History -- Against Logocentrism -- The Challenge -- VII. Cassirer’s Theory of History -- Cassirer’s Theory of History -- The Function of History: Cassirer’s Idiosyncratic View. Various Views on the Function of History -- Cassirer’s View of How History Functions: Two Ways -- The Materials of a History -- The Ends of History -- Cassirer’s Method -- Historical Objectivity -- Selecting the Facts: Historical Relevance -- Historical Truth -- Historical Causation: Some Confusions about Historical Causation -- How Cassirer Actually Writes History -- Why Hasn’t Cassirer’s Peculiar View of History Been Noticed? -- How Cassirer’s Underlying Assumption Requires his Theory of History to be Idiosyncratic -- An Evaluation of Cassirer -- VIII. The Philosophic Historiography of J. H. Randall -- Philosophy, History and System -- Human Reagents in Cultural Change -- What Distinguishes History of Philosophy from Philosophy -- IX. History and Philosophy of Science: Necessary Partners or Merely Roommates? -- The Attack on Logical Empiricism and the Rise of Historical Relativism -- History of Science and Philosophy of Science, a New Partnership -- Epistemologism, Realism, and Interpretationism -- X. The Eighteenth Century Assumptions of Analytic Aesthetics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2466-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Quarrel over Future Contingents (Louvain 1465-1475) (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400910393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (468p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 36
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1. The Problem -- 2. The Historical Context -- 3. Dramatic Personae -- 4. The Quarrel -- 5. The Conclusion -- 6. The Doctrinal and Historical Interest -- One -- Statute of the University of Louvain in the Year 1447 -- Quodlibetal Question Disputed at Louvain in 1465 by Peter de Rivo -- Another Treatise of Peter de Rivo (1) -- Another Treatise of Peter de Rivo (2) -- Fragments from Peter de Rivo -- Petition of Peter de Rivo -- Peter de Rivo’s Theses -- Replies of Peter de Rivo -- Record of the Time of Events -- A Brief Treatise on Future Contingents by Francis, Cardinal of St Peter in Chains -- An Anonymous Treatise on the Subject of Future Contingents -- Treatise of Master Fernand of Cordova -- An Anonymous Treatise on the Truths of Future Contingents Against Peter de Rivo -- Interrogations -- Replies of Peter de Rivo -- Sentence of the Rector against Henry de Zomeren -- Conclusion of the Faculty of Theology at Cologne -- Conclusion of the Theologians at Louvain -- Conclusion of the Paris Theologians -- Two -- Henry de Zomeren’s Treatise -- Propositions of Peter de Rivo Assembled by Henry de Zomeren -- Treatise of Peter de Rivo in Reply to a Certain Little Work of Henry de Zomeren -- Additional Replies by Peter de Rivo -- Another Version -- An Anonymous Defense of the Sentence of the University -- A Defense of the Sentence against Henry de Zomeren -- Letter of the University of Louvain to Pope Sixtus IV -- Superscription of the Letter sent to the University of Louvain in Recommendation of Peter de Rivo -- Appendix I. Explanations by Peter de Rivo of Certain Objections Concerning about Future Contingents -- Appendix II. A Probable Plan for a Quodlibetal -- Appendix III. Fragment from Peter de Rivo to Paul of Middelbourgh -- Notes.
    Abstract: The Latin texts collected by Leon Baudry present the late fifteenth­ century debate at the University of Louvain over the truth-value of proposi­ tions about future contingent events, a subject of perennial interest in phil osophy. The theologians held fast to divine predetermination, and the Aristotelians in the Arts Faculty supported the doctrine of free choice based on indeterminism. Although the issues in the debate are still argued in philosophy, this rich collection of the theories and arguments has been neglected. Peter de Rivo and Henry de Zomeren, the principal antagonists, are cited in the recent literature, but only on the basis of slight, mostly second-hand information. The full collection of texts has never before been translated into English (or any other modern language), leaving them inaccessible to the majority of students, or any others who are not equipped to work their way through 450 pages of fifteenth-century scholastic Latin. Apart from their philosophical significance, the texts shed light on late scholastic methods in teaching and disputation, on university politics of the period in relation to the Vatican, the Court of the Duke of Burgundy, and the faculties of other great universities, and on legal procedures both secular and ecclesiastical. The human drama that develops as the debate proceeds should hold the interest of even the non-specialist.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1039-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technological Transformation : Contextual and Conceptual Implications (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400925977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (325p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Technology Philosophy ; Ethics ; History ; Economic policy ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Intra-Cultural Transformation -- “The Technological Self.” -- “Cryptanalysis: Uncovering Objective Knowledge of Hidden Realities.” -- “Research and Development from the Viewpoint of Social Philosophy.” -- “Impartiality and Interpretive Intervention in Technical Controversy.” -- “The Problem of Valuation in Risk-Cost-Benefit Assessment of Public Policies.” -- “Fusion and Fission, Governors and Elevators.” -- “The Good Old Days: Age-Specific Perceptions of Progress.” -- “Technology and the Crisis of Liberalism: Reflections on Michael J. Sandel’s Work.” -- “A Theory of Normative Technology.” -- “Globalization and Community: In Search of Transnational Justice.” -- II. Cross-Cultural Transformation -- “What Technologies Transfer: The Contingent Nature of Cultural Responses.” -- “Transferred and Transformed Technology: The C.R.S. Thresher/Winnower.” -- “A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Technology Transfer to the Third World.” -- “Appropriate Technology in Technology Transfer: A View from the People’s Republic of China.” -- “Diffusion of Technology vis-à-vis Transformation : — Increasing Contradictions Between Technocratic Market Values and Social Democratic Values.” -- “Cultural Alienation through Technology Transfer.” -- “Risk and Technology Transfer: Equal Protection across National Borders.” -- “Technology Transfer to Poor Nations” -- “Development and the Environment.” -- Biographical Notes -- Topical Index.
    Abstract: The philosophical study of technology has acquired only recently a voice in academic conversation. This situation is due, in part, to the fact that technology obviously impacts on "the real world," whereas the favored stereotype of philosophy allegedly does not. Furthermore, in some circles it was assumed that philosophy ought not impinge on the world. This bias continues today in the form of a general dismissal of the growing area now referred to as "applied philosophy". By contrast, the academic scrutiny of science has for the most part been accepted as legitimate for some 30 years, primarily because it has been conducted in a somewhat ethereal manner. This is, in part, because it was believed that, science being pure, one could think (even philosophically) about science without jeopardizing one's intellectual purity. Since World War II, however, practitioners of the metascientific arts have come to ac­ knowledge that science also shows signs of having touched down on numerous occasions in what can only be identified as the real world. No longer able to keep this banal truth a secret, purists have sought to defuse its import by stressing the difference between pure and applied science; and, lest science be tainted by contact with the world through its applications, they have devoted additional energy to separating applied science somehow from technology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2597-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A History of Women Philosophers : Medieval, Renaissance and Enlightenment Women Philosophers A.D. 500-1600 (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400925519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 2
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy ; History ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Murasaki Shikibu -- 1. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Biography -- IV. Writings -- V. Summary -- 2. Hildegard of Bingen -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. The Special Nuances of Hildegard’s Image of God and of the Human Being -- IV. Conclusion -- 3. Heloise -- I. Biography -- II. Heloise the Scholar -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Summary -- 4. Herrad of Hohenbourg -- I. Introduction -- II. Hortus Deliciarum -- III. Philosophical Contributions -- IV. Summary -- 5. Beatrice of Nazareth -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Conclusion -- 6. Mechtild of Magdeburg -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Works -- IV. Influences -- V. Metaphysics and Cosmology -- VI. Anthropology and Epistemology -- VII. Ethics -- VIII. Summary -- 7. Hadewych of Antwerp -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Hadewych’s Doctrine -- IV. Works -- V. Conclusion -- 8. Birgitta of Sweden -- I. Biography -- II. Birgitta’s Writings -- III. Birgitta’s Doctrine -- IV. Summary -- 9. Julian of Norwich -- I. Biography -- II. The Nature of Knowledge -- III. The Sources of Religious Knowledge -- IV. The Limits of Knowledge -- V. Concluding Remarks -- 10. Catherine of Siena -- I. Biography -- 11. Doctrine of Catherine of Siena -- III. The Writings of Catherine of Siena -- IV. Summary -- 11. Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera -- I. Background -- II. Biography -- III. Influence -- IV. Writings -- V. A Question of Authorship -- 12. Marie le Jars de Gournay -- I. Biography -- II. Literary Works -- III. Philosophical Works -- IV. Conclusion -- 13. Roswitha of Gandersheim, Christine Pisan, Margaret More Roper and Teresa of Avila -- I. Introduction -- II. Roswitha of Gandersheim -- III. Christine Pisan -- IV. Margaret More Roper -- V. Teresa of Avila -- VI. Conclusions.
    Abstract: aspirations, the rise of western monasticism was the most note­ worthy event of the early centuries. The importance of monasteries cannot be overstressed as sources of spirituality, learning and auto­ nomy in the intensely masculinized, militarized feudal period. Drawing their members from the highest levels of society, women's monasteries provided an outlet for the energy and ambition of strong-willed women, as well as positions of considerable authority. Even from periods relatively inhospitable to learning of all kinds, the memory has been preserved of a good number of women of education. Their often considerable achievements and influence, however, generally lie outside even an expanded definition of philo­ sophy. Among the most notable foremothers of this early period were several whose efforts signal the possibility of later philosophical work. Radegund, in the sixth century, established one of the first Frankish convents, thereby laying the foundations for women's spiritual and intellectual development. From these beginnings, women's monasteries increased rapidly in both number and in­ fluence both on the continent and in Anglo-Saxon England. Hilda (d. 680) is well known as the powerful abbsess of the double monastery of Whitby. She was eager for knowledge, and five Eng­ lish bishops were educated under her tutelage. She is also accounted the patron of Caedmon, the first Anglo-Saxon poet of religious verse. The Anglo-Saxon nun Lioba was versed in the liberal arts as well as Scripture and canon law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2551-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Space, Time, and Thought in Kant (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (576p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I - The Elements for Interpreting Kant -- 1 - Space and Time -- 2 - Thought -- 3 - Substance -- 4 - The World -- 5 - The Rework Hypothesis -- II - The Early View -- 1 - The Early Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Early View -- 3 - The Break-Up of the Early View -- III - The Middle View -- 1 - The Middle Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Middle View -- IV - The Transition to the Late View — The Mathematical Antinomies -- 1 - The Break-Up of the Middle View over the Second Antinomy -- 2 - The Argument of the Antinomies Against the Middle View -- V - The Late View -- 1 - The Late Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of The Late View.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2299-0
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Time, Space, and Society: Geographical Societal Perspectives (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 11
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; History ; Human Geography
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2287-7
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  • 7
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    Style, Politics and the Future of Philosophy (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 114
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 114
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Style and Idea in the Later Heidegger: Rhetoric, Politics and Philosophy -- II. Nyíri on the Conservatism of Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy -- III. Wittgenstein, Marx and Sociology -- IV. On Edification and Cultural Conversation: A Critique of Rorty -- V. Towards a Wittgensteinian Metaphysics of the Political -- VI. Culture, Controversy and the Human Studies -- VII. The Politics of Conciliation -- VIII. Discussing Technology — Breaking the Ground -- IX. Socialization is Creative Because Creativity is Social -- X. Myth and Certainty -- XI. Self-Deception, Naturalism and Certainty: Prolegomena to a Critical Hermeneutics -- XII. Psychoanalysis: Science, Literature or Art? -- XIII. Between Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment: The Self-Critical Rationalism of G. C. Lichtenberg -- XIV. Tacit Knowledge, Working Life and Scientific Method -- XV. Paradigms, Politics and Persuasion: Sociological Aspects of Musical Controversy -- Afterword with Acknowledgements -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Why did the two most influential philosophers in the twentieth century, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger, write in such a curious fashion that they confused a whole generation of disciples and created a cottage industry for a second generation in the interpretation of their works? Do those curious writing strategies have a philosophical signif­ icance? How does philosophical style reflect attitudes to society and politics or bear significance for the social sciences? Is politics one type of human activity among many other independent ones as the classical modem political theorists from Hobbes and Machiavelli onwards have thought, or is it part and parcel of all of the activities into which an animal that speaks enters? How could the latter be elucidated? If politics arises from legitimate disputes about meanings, what does this imply for current cultural debates? for the so-called social sciences? above all, for that cultural conversation which some consider to be the destiny of philosophy in the wake of the demise of foundationalism? These are a few of the most important questions which led me to the critical confrontation and reflections in the essays collected below.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2251-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Thomas Reid and ‘The Way of Ideas’ (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Investigating our Mental Powers -- 1.1 Hume: Thinking versus feeling -- 1.2 Reid: Conception versus sensation -- 1.3 Laws of our constitution and epistemologically prior principles -- 1.4 How to arrive at laws of nature -- 1.5 Scientific study of the mind? -- II: The Ideal Hypothesis -- 2.1 Ideas as objects of perception -- 2.2 Perception and impressions on the mind -- 2.3 Perception by way of perceiving images -- 2.4 Is the table we see an image? -- 2.5 The role of sensation in perception -- III: The Epistemological Role of Perception -- 3.1 Is there fallacy of the senses? -- 3.2 The appearance of objects to the eye -- 3.3 Reliance on the senses -- IV: The Constituents of Reality -- 4.1 The testimony of the senses and the world of material bodies -- 4.2 Primary versus secondary qualities -- 4.3 Colour versus shape -- 4.4 Are there other minds than mine? -- 4.5 An intelligent Author of Nature? -- V: What Words Signify -- 5.1 Locke’s theory of signification -- 5.2 What proper names and general words signify according to Reid -- 5.3 Individual and general conceptions -- 5.4 Whether proper names signify attributes -- 5.5 The variety of objects of conception -- 5.6 Conceiving the real and the unreal -- 5.7 Attributions to conceivable individuals -- 5.8 Things objectively in my mind -- VI: Active Power -- 6.1 Knowingly giving rise to new actions -- 6.2 Locke on active power -- 6.3 Reid’s account of active power -- 6.4 Difficulties within Reid’s account -- 6.5 Divine prescience and active power -- 6.6 Is every future event already determined? -- 6.7 Moral attributions and active power -- VII; Causality -- 7.1 Concerning some criticisms of Hume’s view of the causal principle -- 7.2 No proof of the causal principle available within Hume’s philosophy -- 7.3 Past instances and the uniformity of nature -- 7.4 Presupposition and the authority of experience -- 7.5 Reid’s notion of cause -- 7.6 Wisdom, prudence and causal law -- VIII: Identity and Continuity -- 8.1 The sameness of a person -- 8.2 Amnesia and the same person -- 8.3 The Brave Officer paradox -- 8.4 The sameness of plants and artefacts -- 8.5 What is found on entry into the self -- 8.6 Consciousness and awareness of self -- 8.7 Memories and personal identity -- IX: Of Common Sense and First Principles -- 9.1 How to detect first principles -- 9.2 First principles and modes of argument -- 9.3 Our faculties are not fallacious -- 9.4 The first principles to be employed in the investigation of the mind -- 9.5 Accounting for beliefs -- 9.6 First principles and judgments -- 9.7 Providential Naturalism -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book is meant to serve as an introduction to the philosophy of Thomas Reid by way of a study of certain themes central to that philosophy as we find it expounded in his extensive and influential published writings. The choice of these themes inevitably reflects philosophical interests of the author of this book to some extent but a main consideration behind their selection is that they are extensively treated by Reid in response to treatments by certain of his predecessors in an identifiable tradition called by Yolton 'The Way ofIdeas'. My interest in Reid's philosophy was first awakened by the brilliant writings of A.N. Prior, and in particular by Part II of his posthumous 'Objects of Thought' called 'What we think about' together with his suggestion that Reid was a precursor of Mill on the signification of proper names. It is my hope that the standard of exegesis and of discussion throughout the book, and especially in the case of these topics, is a not unworthy tribute to that thinker.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2436-9
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  • 9
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    Reflexive Epistemology : The Philosophical Legacy of Otto Neurath (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 118
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 118
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. The Problem of Assessment -- 1. Neurath and Quine: a puzzle of historiography -- 2. Neurath and Carnap: a misleading assimilation -- 3. Neurath and Popper: an epistemological and political polarity -- 2. Enlightenment, Neo-Marxism, Conventionalism: Towards a Critique of Cartesian Rationalism -- 1. Science as ‘a means for life’ -- 2. Scientific holism -- 3. A conventionalistic critique of Cartesian ‘pseudorationalism’ -- 3. Linguistic Reflexivity and ‘Pseudorationalism’ -- 1. Methodological decision and the reflexivity of scientific language -- 2. The ‘physicalist’ overturning of the Circle’s orthodoxy -- 3. Language and reality: a metaphysical relationship -- 4. Reflexivity and the growth of science -- 5. The plurivocality and imprecision of scientific language -- 6. Methodological decision in the praxis of scientific communities -- 7. Empirical rationalism and ‘pseudorationalism’ -- 4. Neurath versus Popper -- 1. Popper’s criticism of Neurath -- 2. Neurath’s reply: Protokollsätze and Basissätze -- 3. Two forms of conventionalism in conflict -- 4. ‘Laws of nature’ and existential propositions: a criticism of the causalist and deductive model of scientific explanation -- 5. Experimenta crucis: against Popper’s conception of science as an asymptotic path toward truth -- 5. The Unity of Science as a Historico-Sociological Goal: From the Primacy of Physics to the Epistemological Priority of Sociology -- 1. From ‘unified science’ to the encyclopedic ‘orchestration’ of scientific language -- 2. Popper’s objections to the projects of Neurath and Carnap -- 3. Esprit systématique versus esprit de système: the encyclopedic paradigm -- 4. The epistemological priority of sociology: a criticism of the ‘covering-laws-model’ of explanation -- 6. Strengths and Weaknesses of an Empirical Sociology -- 1. Logical empiricism and the social sciences: Hempel’s analysis -- 2. Neurath’s criticism of German historicism and the philosophy of values: Mill versus Dilthey and Marx versus Weber -- 3. Marxism as empirical political sociology -- 4. Sociological ‘pseudorationalism’: the inadequacy of behaviourism and the ‘overmathematisation’ of sociology -- 5. Causal asymmetry and the ceteris paribus clause in sociology: the limitations of functionalism and Marxism -- 6. Problems and paradoxes in social prediction: the role of reflexivity -- 7. Neurath and Hempel -- 7. Evaluation, Prescription, and Political Decision -- 1. Towards a sociology of sociology -- 2. Social theory, ethics, and law: theoretical propositions and prescriptive propositions -- 3. Happiness, utilitarianism, and social engineering -- 4. Planning for freedom: Neurath’s criticism of political Platonism and the dispute with Hayek -- Conclusion: Reflexive Epistemology and Social Complexity -- List of Otto Neurath’s Cited Works -- Meta-Bibliographical Note -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Professor Danilo Zolo has written an account of Otto Neurath's epistemology which deserves careful reading by all who have studied the development of 20th century philosophy of science. Here we see the philosophical Neurath in his mature states of mind, the vigorous critic, the scientific Utopian, the pragmatic realist, the sociologist of physics and of language, the unifier and encyclopedist, always the empiricist and always the conscience of the Vienna Circle. Zolo has caught the message of Neurath's ship-at-sea in the reflexivity of language, and he has sensibly explicated the persisting threat posed by consistent conventionalism. And then Zolo beautifully articulates of the 'epistemological priority of sociology'. the provocative theme Was Neurath correct? Did he have his finger on the pulse of empiricism in the time of a genuine unity of the sciences? His friends and colleagues were unable to follow all the way with him, but Danilo Zolo has done so in this stimulating investigation of what he tellingly calls Otto Neurath's 'philosophical legacy' . R.S.COHEN ix ABBREVIATIONS 'Pseudo' = [Otto Neurath], 'Pseudorationalismus der Falsifikation', Erkenntnis,5 (1935), pp. 353--65. Foundations = [Otto Neurath], Foundations of the Social Sciences, in International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-51, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944. ES = Otto Neurath, Empiricism and Sociology, ed. by M. Neurath and R.S. Cohen, Dordrecht and Boston: D. Reidel, 1973.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2415-4
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  • 10
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    Philosophy and the Liberal Arts (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; History ; Humanities ; Art—Study and teaching. ; Education, Higher.
    Abstract: One Phenomenology and the Objective of Historiography -- Two The Idea of Being: A Platonic Speculation -- Three On Parsing the Parmenides -- Four On Participation: Beginning a Philosophical Grammar -- Five On Ritual and Rhetoric in Plato -- Six The Two Republics: A Study in Dialectic -- Seven The Liberal Arts and Plato’s Relation to Them -- Eight Saint Augustine’s Christian Dialectic -- Nine Faith and Reason in Plato and St. Augustine: A Further Dialectic -- Ten Descartes’ Revision of the Cartesian Dualism -- Eleven On Kant’s Philosophic Grammar of Mathematics -- Twelve Is Modern Physics Possible Within Kant’s Philosophy? -- Thirteen On Kant’s Refutation of Metaphysics -- Fourteen Husserl’s Ideas in the Liberal Arts Tradition -- Fifteen On the Structure and Value of the Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty -- Sixteen The Unity of the Liberal Arts and the University -- Seventeen Modes of Being and Their Relation to the Liberal Arts and Artist.
    Abstract: As this collection of essays demonstrates, over a long career Edward Goodwin Ballard has written on a wide range of topics of philosophical interest. Although the present volume can be enjoy­ ably browsed, it is not simply a sampling of his writings. Rather, herein Professor Ballard has chosen and organized essays which pertain to the major concerns of his philosophic life. He has long held that the function of philosophy, particularly in a time such as ours, is the discernment and analysis of basic principles (archai) and their consequences. Indeed, in Philosophy at the Crossroads. he recommended focusing upon the history of philosophy understood as the movement of recognizing and interpreting the shifts in first principles as they reflect and determine human change. For Ballard, the study of the history of philosophy, like philosophy itself, is not so much a body of knowledge as an exercise (an art) whiQh moves the practitioner towards social and individual maturity. He holds, along with Plato and Husserl, that philosophy is a process of conversion to the love of wisdom as well as a grasp of the means for its attainment. Throughout his writings, Ballard has maintained that the difficulties of this journey have to do with the limitations of the pilgrim. Human being is perspectival, finite, and inevitably ignorant. Philosophic command and self -recognition reside in the just assessment of the limits of human knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2368-3
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  • 11
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    Literature and Science as Modes of Expression (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 115
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 115
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Discourses of the Island -- Discourses of the Nerve -- Experiment and Fiction -- Hypotyposes -- The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative -- “What Ever Happened to Ethics?” -- Nature as Construct -- “Observe how healthily — how calmly I can tell you the whole story”: Moral Insanity and Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ -- Conceptualizing Technology in Literary Terms: Some American Examples -- Literature and the Authority of Technology -- “A Place to Step Further”: Jack Spicer’s Quantum Poetics -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: On the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Boston Studies series in 1985, Cohen, Elkana, and Wartofsky wrote in another preface such as this that the time had come for establishing institutions supporting a vision to which the series had been devoted since its inception, namely that of a more broadly conceived, interdisciplinary study of the history and philosophy of science: In recent years it has become evident that, in addition to serious and competent disciplinary work on the specifics of the History of Science, the Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Science, there is now a growing need to develop a problem­ oriented approach which no longer distinguishes between these three specialties in a cut and dried way. Since the time has come for such an approach, the institutional tools should be provided. A way to do so would be . . . to organize colloquia and to publish good papers stemming from these, without attempting to organize the papers under the separate rubrics of History of Philosophy or Sociology of Science; and moreover to consider it natural that any fundamental issue of the foundations of the sciences, or their place in a culture and the way they are institutionalized in the societal web, is still our concern, no matter whether we are a professional scientist, historian or philosopher who deals with the problem (p. vii).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2297-6
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  • 12
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    From Metaphysics to Rhetoric (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400925939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 202
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Foreword — The Modernity of Rhetoric -- Formal Logic and Informal Logic -- Logic and Argumentation -- To Reason While Speaking -- Organization and Articulation of Verbal Exchanges: Question-Response Exchange in Polemical Contexts -- Argumentativity and Informativity -- Saying and Knowing -- Dialectic, Rhetoric and Critique in Aristotle -- Toward an Anthropology of Rhetoric -- Rhetoric-Poetics-Hermeneutics -- Rhetoric and Literature -- The Figure and the Argument -- Rhetoric and Politics.
    Abstract: by the question in its being an answer, if only in a circumstantial (i. e. inessential) manner. One indeed must question oneself in order to remember, says Plato, but the dialectic, which would be scientific, must be something else even if it remains a play of question and answer. This contradiction did not escape Aristotle: he split the scientific from the dialectic and logic from argumentation whose respective theories he was led to conceive in order to clearly define their boundaries and specificities. As for Plato, he found in the famous theory of Ideas what he sought in order to justify knowledge as that which is supposed to hold its truth only from itself. What do Ideas mean within the framework of our approach? In what consists the passage from rhetoric to ontology which leads to the denaturation of argumentation? When Socrates asked, for example, "What is virtue?", he thought one could not answer such a question because the answer refers to a single proposition, a single truth, whereas the formulation of the question itself does not indicate this unicity. For any answer, another can be given and thus continuously, if necessary, until eventually one will come across an incompatibility. Now, to a question as to what X, Y, or Z is, one can answer in many ways and nothing in the question itself prohibits multiplicity. Virtue is courage, is justice, and so on.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2593-9
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  • 13
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    The Philosophy of Thomas Reid (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid -- Section 1 - Perception -- Reids Attack on the Theory of Ideas -- Reid on Perception and Conception -- The Theory of Sensations -- Reids View of Sensations Vindicated -- Sensation, Perception and Reids Realism -- Reids Opposition to the Theory of Ideas -- Thomas Reid on the Five Senses -- Section 2 - Knowledge and Common Sense -- Reid on Evidence and Conception -- The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore -- The Scottish Kant? -- Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views? -- Reid and Peirce on Belief -- Reid on Testimony -- Section 3 - Mind and Action -- Making Out the Signatures: Reids Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds -- Causality and Agency in the Philosophy of Thomas Reid -- Reid, Scholasticism and Current Philosophy of Mind -- Section 4 - Aesthetics, Moral and Political Philosophy -- Seeing (and so forth) is Believing(among other things); on the Significance of Reid in the History of Aesthetics -- Reid versus Hume: a Dilemma in the Theory of Moral Worth -- Reid and Active Virtue -- Thomas Reid on Justice: A Rights-Based Theory -- Taking Upon Oneself a Character: Reid on Political Obligation -- Section 5 - Historical Context and Influences -- Thomas Reid and Pneumatology: the Text of the Old, the Tradition of the New -- Reid in the Philosophical Society -- Common Sense and the Association of Ideas; the Reid-Priestley Controversy -- Reid on Hypotheses and the Ether: a Reassessment -- The Role of Thomas Reids Philosophy in Science and Technology: the Case of W.J.M. Rankine -- George Jardines Course in Logic and Rhetoric: an Application of Thomas Reids Common Sense Philosophy -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid 5 SECTION 1 - Perception Yves Michaud (University of Paris, France) 9 'Reid's Attack on the Theory of Ideas' William P. Alston (Syracuse University, U. S. A. ) 35 'Reid on Perception and Conception' Vere Chappell (University of Massachusetts, U. S. A. ) 49 'The Theory of Sensations' Norton Nelkin (University of New Orleans, U. S. A. ) 65 'Reid's View of Sensations Vindicated' A. E. Pitson (University of Stirling, Scotland) 79 'Sensation, Perception and Reid's Realism' Aaron Ben-Zeev (University of Haifa, Israel) 91 'Reid's Opposition to the Theory of Ideas' Michel Malherbe (University of Nantes, France) 103 'Thomas Reid on the Five Senses' SECTION 2 - Knowledge and COlIIOOn Sense Keith Lehrer (University of Arizona, U. S. A. ) 121 'Reid on Evidence and Conception' Dennis Charles Holt (Southeast Missouri State 145 University, U. S. A. ) 'The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore' T. J. Sutton (University of Oxford, England) 159 'The Scottish Kant?' Daniel Schulthess (university of Berne, Switzerland) 193 'Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views?' VI Claudine Engel-Tiercelin (University of Rouen, France) 205 'Reid and Peirce on Belief' C. A. J. Coady (University of Melbourne, Australia) 225 'Reid on Testimony' SECTION 3 - Mind and Action James Somerville (University of Hull, England) 249 'Making out the Signatures: Reid's Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds' R. F.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2338-6
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  • 14
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    Historical Roots of Cognitive Science : The Rise of a Cognitive Theory of Perception from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 208
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Reconstruction of the history of medieval and (post-) Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs. Basic epistemological contrasts -- III. The formation of competing optical traditions in early and late antiquity -- (1) The various ‘optical’ research traditions in early and late antiquity represent rival research programs into the theory of visual perception -- (2) The Aristotelian theory of vision -- (3) The Stoic-Galenic tradition -- (4) The geometrical tradition -- IV. The Identity Postulate at work in various research programs in the theory of vision during late antiquity and during the Arab and European Middle Ages -- (1) The Identity Postulate at work in the Stoic-Galenic theory of vision -- (2) The Identity Postulate at work in the geometrical tradition in the theory of vision -- (3) The Identity Postulate at work in Alhazen’s theory of vision -- (4) The Identity Postulate reinforced by the Baconian-Alhazenian synthesis in optical theory. Internal explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction -- (5) The internal disintegration of the research program defined by the Identity Postulate during the 16th century -- V. The mathematization of physics and the mechanization of the world-picture gradually prepared in the development of medieval optics rather than in that of terrestrial or celestial mechanics -- VI. Mechanicism and the rise of an information theory of perception. A naturalistic reconstruction of (post-) Cartesian epistemology -- (1) Keplerian dioptrics, Cartesian mechanicism, and the rise of justificationist methodologies -- (2) Complete demonstration in science impossible. The need of conjectural theories affirmed -- (3) Ambivalence towards any alleged sources of ‘immediate’ knowledge. Epistemology founded on an empirical theory of the senses and the mind -- (4) The rise of an information theory of perception. Internal tensions of the representationist research program -- (5) The representationist research program -- (6) Malebranche and the Cartesian research program into optical epistemology -- (7) Conclusion -- VII. Epistemological issues underlying the nineteenth century controversies in physiological optics. The Helmholtzian Program -- (1) The 18th century. Rationalist and empiricist developments. Cross-fertilizations of originally competing programs -- (2) The Helmholtzian research program into the theory of perception. The true logic of discovery revealed by rational reconstruction of the grand movement of intellectual history rather than by ‘faithful’ intellectual biographies -- (3) The relevance of German Romanticism to the Helmholtzian program -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of subliminal cognitive activity -- (5) Helmholtz’s research program contrasted with competing epistemological programs -- VIII. The interplay between philosophy and physiology in Helmholtz’s view -- (1) Helmholtz’s conception of philosophy in historical perspective -- (2) Müller’s Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of color vision -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of physiological acoustics -- (5) The philosophical significance of the Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- IX. Helmholtz’s theory of the perception of space -- (1) Sensation and perception -- (2) The general idea of space and perceptual localization -- (3) The intuitionist theories of Müller and Hering -- (4) Helmholtz’s empirical theory of perception -- (5) Methodological arguments in defense of the empirical theory of perception -- (6) The philosophical significance of the intuitionist-empiricist controversy -- (7) The general idea of space -- X. Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inferences -- (1) The need of an empirical non-introspective psychology -- (2) Helmholtz’s theory not a mechanistic theory, but a truly cognitive theory of information processing -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of a continuum of cognitive functions beyond the edge of consciousness and beyond the grasp of verbal articulation -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory dogmatically dismissed by the twentieth century ban on psychologism. Yet his cognitive theory superior as compared to traditional alternatives -- (5) The synthetic functions of subconscious mental operations according to 19th and 20th century theoretical developments. The problem of realism -- XI. The epistemological outcome of Helmholtz’s naturalism. Hypothetical realism -- (1) Helmholtz’s novel theory of causality in its relation to Kant, Reid and traditional empiricism -- (2) Lack of an adequate psychology. Weaknesses of Helmholtz’s theory -- List of abbreviations.
    Abstract: Cognitive science, in Howard Gardner's words, has a relatively short history but a very long past. While its short history has been the subject of quite a few studies published in recent years, the current book focuses instead on its very long past. It explores the emergence of the conceptual framework that was necessary to make the rise of modem cognitive science possible in the first place. Over the long course of the history of the theory of perception and of cognition, various conceptual breakthroughs can be discerned that have contributed significantly to the conception of the mind as a physical symbol system with intricate representational capacities and unimaginably rich computational resources. In historical retrospect such conceptual transitions-seemingly sudden and unannounced-are typically foreshadowed in the course of enduring research programs that serve as slowly developing theoretical con­ straint structures gradually narrowing down the apparent solution space for the scientific problems at hand. Ultimately the fundamental problem is either resolved to the satisfaction of the majority of researchers in the area of investigation, or else-and much more commonly-one or more of the major theoretical constraints is abandoned or radically modified, giving way to entirely new theoretical vistas. In the history of the theory of perception this process can be witnessed at vari­ ous important junctures.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2423-9
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  • 15
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    Language as Calculus vs. Language as Universal Medium : A Study in Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400924178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 207
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Language as Calculus vs. Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Continental and Analytical Philosophy -- 2. The Interpretational Framework -- 3. Some Qualifications and the Main Theses of this Study -- II: Husserl’s Phenomenology and Language as Calculus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formalism—Threat and Temptation—The Emergence of Language as Calculus in the Early Writings -- 3. Defending the Accessibility of Semantics Against Psychologistic Relativism: The Logical Investigations -- 4. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Calculus Conception -- 5. Summary of Husserl’s Notion of Language as Calculus -- III: Heidegger’s Ontology and Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heidegger as Adherer to the Conception of Language as Calculus in his Early Writings -- 3. The World as a ”Closed Whole”—The Period of Being and Time -- 4. ”Language is the House of Being”—Language as the Universal Medium in Heidegger’s Later ”Thought” -- 5. Summary of Heidegger’s Conception of Language as the Universal Medium -- IV: Between Scylla and Charybdis—Gadamer’s Hermeneutics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tradition and the Return of the Subject—Why Heidegger had Reason to Dislike the ”Effective-Historical Consciousness” -- 3. Language as Universal Adumbration -- Notes to Part I -- Notes to Part II -- Notes to Part III -- Notes to Part IV -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I first became interested in Husserl and Heidegger as long ago as 1980, when as an undergraduate at the Freie Universitat Berlin I studied the books by Professor Ernst Tugendhat. Tugendhat's at­ tempt to bring together analytical and continental philosophy has never ceased to fascinate me, and even though in more recent years other influences have perhaps been stronger, I should like to look upon the present study as still being indebted to Tugendhat's initial incentive. It was my good fortune that for personal reasons I had to con­ tinue my academic training from 1981 onwards in Finland. Even though Finland is a stronghold of analytical philosophy, it also has a tradition of combining continental and Anglosaxon philosophical thought. Since I had already admired this line of work in Tugendhat, it is hardly surprising that once in Finland I soon became impressed by Professor Jaakko Hintikka's studies on Husserl and intentionality, and by Professor Georg Henrik von Wright's analytical hermeneu­ tics. While the latter influence has-at least in part-led to a book on the history of hermeneutics, the former influence has led to the present work. My indebtedness to Professor Hintikka is enormous. Not only is the research reported here based on his suggestions, but Hintikka has also commented extensively on different versions of the manuscript, helped me to make important contacts, found a publisher for me, and-last but not least-was a never failing source of encouragement.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2417-8
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  • 16
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    Constructivism and Science : Essays in Recent German Philosophy (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400909595
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Section I: Constructivism and the logic of science -- Science, a Rational Enterprise? -- The Philosophy of Science and Its Logic -- The Pragmatic Understanding of Language and the Argumentative Function of Logic -- Rules versus Theorems -- On ‘Transcendental’ -- Section II: Constructivism and Protoscience -- Philosophy and the Problem of the Foundations of Mathematics -- Geometry as the Measure-Theoretic A Priori of Physics -- The Concept of Mass -- On the Definition of ‘Probability’ -- Section III: Constructivism and The Value Sciences -- Practical Reason and the Justification of Norms. Fundamental Problems in the Construction of a Theory of Practical Justification -- Protoethics: Towards a Formal Pragmatics of Justificatory Discourse -- Interests -- Is Rational Economics as an Empirical- Quantitative Science Possible? -- Determination by Reality or Construction of Reality? -- Notes On The Contributors.
    Abstract: The idea to produce the current volume was conceived by Jiirgen Mittelstrass and Robert E. Butts in 1978. Idealist philosophers are wrong about one thing: the temporal gap separating idea and reality can be very long indeed - even ten or so years! Problems of timing were joined by personal problems and by the pressure of other professional commitments. Fortunately, James Brown agreed to cooperate in the editing of the volume; the infusion of his usual energy, good judgement and good-natured promptness saved the volume and made its produc­ tion possible. Despite the delays, the messages of the papers included in the book have not gone stale. An extremely worthwhile exercise in international philosophical cooperation has come to fruition; the German constructivist philosophical position is here represented in papers in English that will make its contemporary importance available to a larger audience. The editors owe thanks to many persons. All involved in the project owe much to the interest and support of Nicholas Rescher, a friend of the undertaking from the time of its inception. My review of the translations was helped immensely by Andrea Purvis' careful copy editing of the typescript. Most of all, however, we owe gratitude and admiration for the tireless efforts on behalf of this enterprise to Jiirgen Mittelstrass.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0959-5
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  • 17
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    An Intimate Relation : Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science Presented to Robert E. Butts on his 60th Birthday (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (548p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 116
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 116
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Apologia pro Simplicio: Galileo and the Limits of Knowledge -- Cartesian Clarity and Cartesian Motion -- Hypotheses and Certainty in Cartesian Science -- Descartes and the Method of Analysis and Synthesis -- Physical and Metaphysical Atomism: 1666–1682 -- The Foundation of All Philosophy: Newton’s Third Rule -- Conscilience and Natural Kind Reasoning -- Leibniz’s ‘Hypothesis Physica Nova’: A Conjunction of Models for Explaining Phenomena -- Russell’s Conundrum: On the Relation of Leibniz’s Monads to the Continuum -- The Philosophers of Gambling -- Reductive Realism and the Problem of Affection in Kant -- The Paradox of Transcendental Knowledge -- Mesmer in a Mountain Bar: Anthropological Difference, Butts and Mesmerism -- History, Discovery and Induction: Whewell on Kepler on the Orbit of Mars -- For Method: Or Against Feyerabend -- World Pictures: The World of the History and Philosophy of Science -- Learning from the Past -- Reduction Without Reductionism? -- Models of Scientific Knowledge -- Circles Without Circularity -- On Applying Learnability Theory to the Rationalism-Empiricism Controversy -- The Relationship between Consciousness and Language -- Realism for Shopkeepers: Behaviouralist Notes on Constructive Empiricism -- Why Thematic Kinships Between Events Do Not Attest Their Causal Linkage -- Neo-Darwinism: Form and Content -- Publications of Robert E. Butts -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    Abstract: The best philosophy of science during the last generation has been highly historical; and the best history of science, highly philosophical. No one has better exemplified this intimate relationship between history and philosophy than has Robert E. Butts in his work. Through­ out his numerous writings, science, its philosophy, and its history have been treated as a seamless web. The result has been a body of work that is sensitive in its conception, ambitious in its scope, and illuminat­ ing in its execution. Not only has his work opened new paths of inquiry, but his enthusiasm for the discipline, his encouragement of others (particularly students and younger colleagues), and his tireless efforts to build an international community of scholars, have stimulated the growth of HPS throughout Europe and North America. Many of the essays in this volume reflect that influence. Our title, of course, is deliberately ambiguous. The essays herein are by colleagues and former students, all of us wishing to honour an intimate friend. Happy Birthday, Bob! IX INTRODUCTION The essays herein cover a variety of concerns: from Descartes to reduction, from Galileo to gambling, from Freud's psychoanalysis to Kant's thing-in-itself. But under this diversity there is an approach common to them all. Things are largely done with a concern for and a sensitivity to historical matters (including contemporary history, of course).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2327-0
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  • 18
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    The Totalizing Act: Key to Husserl’s Early Philosophy (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 150 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H. L. Van Breda et Publiée / Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 112
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 112
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Mathematics. ; Phenomenology .
    Abstract: Introduction: The Origins of Husserl’s Totalizing Act -- I. The Totalizing Act: Key to Husserl’s Early Philosophy -- The Totalizing Act -- The Totalizing Act as Totality -- II. The Concept of the Totalizing Act as Collective Connection: Progenitor of Number -- The Auto-Abstraction of the Concept of Collective Connection -- Number Concepts: Progeny of the Totalizing Act -- The “Attachment” of Number Concepts: Index of the Totalizing Act -- The Preeminence of the Totalizing Act: Refutation of a Prevalent Interpretation -- III. Symbolizing: Prosthesis of the Totalizing Act -- The Hierarchic Complication of Totalizing Acts -- The Anatomy of Abstracta -- The Self-Extension of the Totalizing Act by Proxy -- IV. The Symbolic Totalization of Sensible Multitudes -- The Sensible Individual as Modified Multitude -- The Symbolic Totalization of the Sensible Multitude -- V. The Intuitive Totalization of the Individual Sense Object -- The Sensible Group: Sufficient Context for Analyzing Intuition of Individuals -- The Problem: Non-Convertibility of Simultaneous and Successive Totalizing -- The Resolution: Successive and Simultaneous Totalizing as Continuous -- The Mutual Implication of Intuiting and Representing in the Intuition of the Sensible Thing -- VI. The Totalizing Act as Mediator of the Ideal and Real -- Hypothesis: The Internal Motivation for the Great Inversion -- Confirmation: The Prolegomena of 1900 -- VII. The Ensoulment of Sensation: Triumph of the Totalizing Psyche -- The Immanent Object as Empiricistic Fetish -- The Psychical Production of the Transcendent Object -- The Dilemma: The Uncertainty of the Transcendent and the Imperceptibility of the Immanent -- The Great Reversal: The Causal World as Interpretation -- Afterword: A Hypothetical Answer for Alfred Schutz -- Appendices -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The Origins of Husserl's Totalizing Act At noon on Monday, October 24th, 1887, Dr. Edmund G. Husserl defended the dissertation that would qualify him as a university lecturer at Halle. Entitled "On the Concept of Number," it was written under Carl Stumpf who, like Husserl, had been a student of Franz Brentano. In this, his first published philosophical work, Husserl sought to secure the foundations of mathematics by deriving its most fundamental concepts from psychical acts.! In the same year, Heinrich Hertz published an article entitled, "Con­ cerning an Influence of Ultraviolet Light on the Electrical Discharge." The article detailed his discovery of a new "relation between two entirely different forces," those of light and electricity. Hermann von Helmholtz, whose theory guided Hertz's initial research, called it the "most important physical discovery of the century," and Hertz became an immediate sensation. He lectured on his discovery in 1889 before a general session of the German Association meeting in Heidelberg. In this lecture that, as he wrote beforehand to Emil Cohn, he was deter­ mined should not be "entirely unintelligible to the laity," Hertz explained that light ether and electro-magnetic forces were interdependent. He went on to tell his audience that they need not expect their senses to grant them access to these phenomena. Indeed, he said, the latter are not only insusceptible of sense perception, but are false from the standpoint of the senses.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2259-4
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  • 19
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    Henry More (1614-1687) Tercentenary Studies : with a biography and bibliography by Robert Crocker (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400922679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 127
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 127
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Henry More: a biographical essay -- Henry More and the limits of mechanism -- Henry More and the scientific revolution -- Henry More versus Robert Boyle: the spirit of nature and the nature of providence -- Leibniz and More’s Cabbalistic circle -- The spiritualistic cosmologies of Henry More and Anne Conway -- Henry More and witchcraft -- Mysticism and enthusiasm in Henry More -- Henry More and Jacob Boehme -- Appendix: A commendatory poem by Henry More -- Henry More and the Jews -- More, Locke and the issue of liberty -- Reason and toleration: Henry More and Philip van Limborch -- A bibliography of Henry More compiled by Robert Crocker.
    Abstract: Of all the Cambridge Platonists, Henry More has attracted the most scholar­ ly interest in recent years, as the nature and significance of his contribution to the history of thought has come to be better understood. This revival of interest is in marked contrast to the neglect of More's writings lamented even by his first biographer, Richard Ward, a regret echoed two centuries after his 1 death. Since then such attention as there has been to More has not always served him well. He has been dismissed as credulous on account of his belief in witchcraft while his reputation as the most mystical of the Cambridge 2 school has undermined his reputation as a philosopher. Much of the interest in More in the present century has tended to focus on one particular aspect of his writing. There has been considerable interest in his poems. And he has come to the attention of philosophers thanks to his having corresponded with Descartes. Latterly, however, interest in More has been rekindled by renewed interest in the intellectual history of the seventeenth century and Renaissance. And More has been studied in the context of seventeenth-cen­ tury science and the wider context of seventeenth-century philosophy. Since More is a figure who belongs to the Renaissance tradition of unified sapientia he is not easily compartmentalised in the categories of modern disciplines. Inevitably discussion of anyone aspect of his thought involves other aspects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2267-9
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  • 20
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    Kant’s Practical Philosophy Reconsidered : Papers presented at the Seventh Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, December 1986 (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 128
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Pragmatism ; History ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I: Fundamentals of Moral Action -- Empirical and Intelligible Character in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Morality as Freedom -- On the Formalism of Kant’s Ethics -- Agency and Anthropology in Kant’s Groundwork -- The Submission of our Sensuous Nature to the Moral Law in the Second Critique -- II: Moral Practice and Knowledge -- Theory as Practice in Kant -- Autonomy, Omniscience and the Ethical Imagination: From Theoretical to Practical Philosophy in Kant -- The Interests of Reason: From Metaphysics to Moral History -- III: From Morality to Justice and History -- Kant’s Principle of Justice as Categorical Imperative of Law -- Histoire et Guerre chez Kant -- Freedom as a Regulative Principle: On Some Aspects of the Kant-Herder Controversy on the Philosophy of History -- IV: Kant in Contemporary Contexts -- How Kantian is Rawls’s “Kantian Constructivism”? -- The Ideal Speech Situation: Neo-Kantian Ethics in Habermas and Apel -- Kant: Respect, Individuality and Dependence.
    Abstract: That Kant's ideas remain vitally present in ethical thinking today is as impossible to deny as it is to overlook their less persisting aspects and sometimes outdated idiom. The essays in this volume attempt to reassess some crucial questions in Kant's practical philosophy both by sketching the lines for new systematic interpretations and by examining how Kantian themes apply to contemporary moral concerns. In the previous decade, when Kant was primarily read as an answer to utilitarianism, emphasis was mainly laid on the fundamentals of his moral theory, stressing such concepts as universalization, duty for its own sake, personal autonomy, unconditional imperatives or humanity as end-in-itself, using the Groundwork and its broader (ifless popular) systematic parallel, the Analytic of the Critique of Practical Reason, as main sources. In recent years, however, emphasis has shifted and become diversified. The present essays reflect this diversification in discussing the extension of Kantian ethics in the domains of law, justice, politics and moral history, and also in considering such meta-philosophical questions as the relation between the various "inter­ ests of reason" (as Kant calls them), above all between knowledge and moral practice. The papers were first presented at the Seventh Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, held at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in December 1986. The Jerusalem Philosophical Encounters are a series of bi-annual international symposia, in which philosophers of different backgrounds meet in Jerusalem to discuss a common issue. Organized by the S. H.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2016-8
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  • 21
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    To Be or Not to Be in the Party : Communist Party Membership in the USSR (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400929630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 235 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One Why do People join the Communist Party? -- Two The Top Hierarchy of Party Members -- Three The Middle-Level Party Layer -- Four The Rank and File of the Party -- Five Expulsion from the Party -- Six Women in the Party -- Seven Non-Party Members -- Eight The Party and the KGB -- Nine The Party as a Myth -- Ten The People’s Attitudes and the Future of the Party -- Notes.
    Abstract: In March of 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Seviet Union. Initially, one could discern serious changes in the policy and statements of this new, young, and obviously efficient leader only with great difficulty. While abroad, Gorbachev had said that anti-Stalinism was a form of anti-Communism. The newspapers were filled with words lauding "the sacred traditions of the 1930's". At the same time, the campaign against drunkenness, corruption, and sloppiness launched by Yuri Andropov was given a new impetus and the highest Party support. In April, 1986, the Chernobyl tragedy took place. The first reaction of the Soviet authorities was the usual one. The Soviet public was not properly informed about the disaster and its unprecedented peril. Millions of jubilant Soviet citizens crowded the squares and streets of Kiev and Minsk during the May Day festivities. We can only guess what the reaction of the Kremlin authorities would have been had not Swedish scientists traced and announced to the world the threatening level of radioactivity. Would the terms "glasnost'" and "perestrojka" have spread through the world press with such intensity and alacrity? A popular Soviet author wrote a year later in the Soviet media: "Chernobyl appeared to be not only a national event, a disaster shared by each of us, but also a dividing line between two eras of time.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2963-0
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  • 22
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    Jewish-Christian Relations in the Seventeenth Century : Studies and Documents (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 119
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Studies -- Some Aspects of Jewish-Christian Theological Interchanges in Holland and England 1640–1700 -- Proto-Protestants? The Image of the Karaites as a Mirror of the Catholic-Protestant Controversy in the Seventeenth Century -- Constantijn L’Empereur’s Contacts with the Amsterdam Jews and his Confutation of Judaism -- The Amsterdam Millenarian Petrus Serrarius (1600–1669) and the Anglo-Dutch Circle of Philo-Judaists -- Jacob Jehuda Leon (1602–1675) and his Model of the Temple -- Documents -- Johann Stephan Rittangel’s Stay in the Dutch Republic (1641–1642) -- John Covel’s Letter on the Karaites (1677) -- ‘Without Partialitie Towards All Men’: John Durie on the Dutch Hebraist Adam Boreel -- The Prefaces by Menasseh ben Israel and Jacob Judah Leon Templo to the Vocalized Mishnah (1646) -- Samuel Hartlib, John Worthington and John Durie on Adam Boreel’s Latin Translation of the Mishna (1659–1661) -- Latin Table of Contents from the Hebrew Work of Menasseh ben Israel, Nishmat Chajjim -- Menasseh ben Israel, ‘Compendium Kabbalae’ -- The Restoration of the Jews: Thomas Tany to World Jewry (1653) -- Philo-Semitism in the Radical Tradition: Henry Jessey, Morgan Llwyd, and Jacob Boehme -- Quakers and Jews: A Hebrew Appeal from George Fox.
    Abstract: This volume contains a number of studies on Jewish-Christian re­ lations, in which special attention is given to the Netherlands and England, and the texts of some recently discovered and other rare documents in the same field. The work originates in a symposium on this subject held on 23 January 1985 at the University of Leiden under the auspices of the Sir Thomas Browne Institute for the study of Anglo-Dutch relations. Various authors have contributed to this volume. Each author is responsible for his own contribu­ tion; thus, in cases of discrepancies in interpretation, orthography or method of transcription we have made no attempt at harmoni­ zation. We thank all those who have made publication possible. The Stichting Dr Hendrik Muller's Vaderlandsch Fonds gave a gener­ ous grant in defrayal of the cost of printing, and the Ir. F.E.D. Enschede-Stichting kindly covered the additional expenses re­ sulting from the translation and editing of some of the contribu­ tions. Last but not least we should like to thank Prof. R.H. Pop­ kin for his stimulating interest in the publication of this volume.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2756-8
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  • 23
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    The Sceptical Mode in Modern Philosophy : Essays in Honor of Richard H. Popkin (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 117
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 117
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: “No long time of expectation”: Hume’s religious scepticism and the apocalypse -- Religious scepticism and China -- The two scepticisms of the Savoyard vicar -- John Wolley (ca. 1530–1596) and the first Latin translation of Sextus Empiricus, adversus logicos I -- Excluding sceptics; the case of Thomas White, 1593–1676 -- Montaigne on the art of judgment: the trial of Montaigne -- Intellectual autobiography: warts and all -- Publications of Richard H. Popkin, 1950–1986 inclusive.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2744-5
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  • 24
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    The Scottish Enlightenment and Hegel’s Account of ‘Civil Society’ (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 120
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One. General Introduction -- A: The Need for a Living Hegel: From ‘Dichotomy’ (“Entzweiung”) to ‘Reconciliation’ (“Versöhnung”) -- B: The Whole Hegel and the Particulars of Scholarship -- C: Hegel and the Enlightenment -- D: The Scottish Enlightenment -- E: The Rôle of Newton -- F: The Structure of the Present Study -- Two. The Scottish Enlightenment in Germany — Stages of Reception -- A: Eighteenth Century German Translations of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment -- B: Contemporary Reviews -- C: The Popularizations -- D: The Impact on Teaching -- E: Conclusion and Outlook -- Three. Hegel’s Contacts with and Knowledge of the Scottish Enlightenment -- A: Hegel’s Knowledge of English -- B: Hegel’s Reading and Indirect Knowledge of the Scottish Enlightenment — A Reconstruction of the Dates and Extent -- C: Hegel’s Explicit References to the Scottish Enlightenment -- Four. Hegel’s Account of the Market Economy -- A: Some Presuppositions -- B: Human Needs -- C: Free Labour and Exchange -- D: Social Division of Labour: The Classes (‘Die Stände’) -- Five. Hegel’s ‘Libéralisme Interventionniste’ and the Legacy of Steuart and Smith -- A: Introduction -- B: Steuart and Smith -- C: Hegel’s Qualifications to Liberalism -- Six. The Division of Labour -- A: The Scottish Contribution to the Problem -- B: Hegel’s Discussion of the Division of Labour -- Conclusion and Outlook -- Bibliography and Bibliographical Appendices -- Appendix I. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Translations of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix II. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Reviews of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix III. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Popularizations of the Theories of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix IV. All English Books and all Scottish Enlightenment Authors in Hegel’s Library — An Extract from the Auction Catalogue. -- Appendix V. All English Books and all Scottish Enlightenment Authors in the Steiger of Tschugg Library — An Extract from the Auction Catalogue.
    Abstract: The present study, which investigates the influence of the Scottish Enlightenment on Hegel's account of 'civil society' or "biirgerliche Gesellschaft", is based on my PhD thesis, submitted to the University of Cambridge in September 1983. Its publication provides me with a welcome opportunity to acknowledge the help and encouragement I have received over the years from scholars, friends, and relations. At the Ruhr University of Bochum where I began my studies, I am indebted to Professor Otto Poggeler (Director of the Hegel Archives), to the other, past and present members of staff at the Hegel Archives, and to Professors Jiirgen Gebhardt, Jiirgen von Kempski, Heinz Kim­ merle; and Leo Kofler. It was my time at Bochum under the guidance of these scholars that kindled my love for the study of Hegel, which proved to be a lasting romance. In Scotland, where I continued my studies and spent two fruitful and happy years, I am indebted to George Elder Davie and Richard Gunn, who first introduced me to the Scottish Enlightenment, and to Professors R. H. Campbell and T. D. Campbell, who supervised my research in that field. At Cambridge, where most of this study was prepared, my greatest debt is to Duncan Forbes. I am grateful for his supervision of my research, but also, beyond the scope of my research, for what I have learned, genuinely learned, from the man.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2750-6
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  • 25
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    Structures of Knowing : Psychologies of the Nineteenth Century (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400926417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 113
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Philology ; History
    Abstract: 1: The Methodological Question -- 1. The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology -- 2. Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse -- 2: The Paradigm of Conceptual Psychology -- 3. Kant and Herbart: the Initiation of Conceptual Psychology -- 4. Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology -- 3: Case Studies -- 5. Dilthey and Descriptive Psychology -- 6. Phenomenology and Conceptual Psychology -- 7. Mach’s Psychology of Investigation and the Limits of Science -- 8. Freud: the Psychology of Psychoanalysis -- Afterword: Some Consequences of Conceptual Psychology -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2641-7
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  • 26
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    Aspects of Aristotle’s Logic of Modalities (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400926516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 35
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: One/ Subject and Programme -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quandaries in recent Aristotle research -- 3. The programme of this study -- Notes to Chapter One -- Two/ The General Doctrine I Some Theorems and Rules -- 1. Multifariousness and common core -- 2. A provisional assumption -- 3. Common properties -- 4. Comparisons -- Notes to Chapter Two -- Three/ The General Doctrine II Absolute and Qualified Modalities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Qualified vs. absolute modalities -- 3. Qualified necessity, syllogisms and the proof per impossibile -- 4. Absolute impossibility and the commensurability of the diagonal -- 5. Real and assumed background knowledge -- 6. Relations between temporal and modal concepts -- Notes to Chapter Three -- Four/ Modality and Time (I) The Principle of Plenitude -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Principle of Plenitude and its role in Aristotle’s modal thinking -- 3. The evidence -- Notes to Chapter Four -- Five/ Modality and Time (II) De Caelo I.12 and The Necessity of What is Eternal -- 1. The problem -- 2. Williams and the supposed logical errors -- 3. Hintikka and the confusion in Aristotle’s “Master Argument” -- 4. Judson and the “grossness of Aristotle’s fallacy” -- 5. The metaphysics in De Caelo I.12 as exposed by Waterlow -- 6. De Caelo I.12 and the necessity of what is eternal -- 7. Some extrapolations and the role of hylê phthartê -- Notes to Chapter Five -- Six/ Modality and Time (III) De Interpretations 9 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The traditional views -- 3. De Interpretations 9 on the statistical reading -- 4. Deliberation and chance events in De Interpretatione 9 -- 5. The interpretation -- Notes to Chapter Six -- Seven/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 The De Omni-Per Se Distinction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Zabarella on Aristotelian necessity -- 3. Inseparable accidents -- 4. A first look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6 -- 5. Some commentaries on Posterior Analytics I.4 and 6 -- 6. Real or conceptual modalities? -- 7. Aristotle, matter, and definition -- Notes to Chapter Seven -- Eight/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 Names and Naming -- 1. Abstraction in Metaphysics XIII.3 -- 2. Abstraction and naming -- 3. The issue of names and naming -- 4. A new look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6, part one -- 5. Some major differences -- 6. A new look at Posterior Analytics 1.4-6, part two -- 7. Belonging kath’ hauto and homogeneity -- 8. Homogeneity, the necessity of what is always and the concept of possibility -- Notes to Chapter Eight -- Nine/ Apodeictic Syllogistic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. External criticism -- 3. The nature of Aristotle’s syllogistic theory -- 4. Apodeictic syllogistic -- 5. Incoherence -- 6. McCall’s reconstruction -- 7. The four apodeictic categorical sentences and apodeictic ecthesis -- 8. The apodeictic conversion rules -- 9. The apodeictic Barbaras and domains of discourse -- 10. The status of ALuu -- 11. The soundness of the inference base -- 12. Conversion rules and shifts of type of predication -- 13. Conclusions -- Notes to Chapter Nine -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2651-6
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  • 27
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    Science, Technology and the Military (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 12/1/2
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 12/1/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Sociology.
    Abstract: III Transformation of Industry and Medicine -- The Role of the Military in the Electrification of Russia 1870–1890 -- World War II and the Transformation of the American Chemical Industry -- Between Cowardice and Insanity: Shellshock and the Legitimation of the Neuroses in Great Britain -- IV Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power -- The Development of the First Atomic Bomb in the USSR -- ‘Over My Dead Body’: James Bryant Conant and the Hydrogen Bomb -- A Crystal Ball in the Shadows of Nuremberg and Hiroshima: The Ethical Debate Over Human Experimentation to Develop a Nuclear Powered Bomber, 1946–1951 -- V R&D: Military, Industry and the Academy -- An Analytical Look at R&D and the Arms Race -- The Government of Military R&D in Britain -- The Government of Military R&D: A Comparative Perspective -- The Making of an Entrepreneurial University: The Traffic Among M.I.T. and the Industry and the Military, 1860–1960.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2958-1
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  • 28
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    The Huguenot Connection: The Edict of Nantes, Its Revocation, and Early French Migration to South Carolina (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 149 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Cohen, Charles L. [Rezension von: Golden, R. M., The Huguenot Connection: The Edict of Nantes, Its Revocation, and Early French Migration to South Carolina] 1990
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 125
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: The Crown, the Huguenots, and the Edict of Nantes -- Understanding the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes from the Perspective of the French Court -- The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and Huguenot Migration to South Carolina -- Chronological Table -- Appendix I: The Edict of Nantes -- Appendix II: The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes -- Appendix III: Letter from Louis Thibou, 20 September 1683.
    Abstract: Richard M. Golden Possibly the most famous event in Louis XIV's long reign (1643-1715) was the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, issued by the French king on 17 October 1685 and registered five days later by the parlement of _Paris, a sovereign judicial institution having jurisdiction over approximately one-half of the kingdom. The Edict of Fontainebleau (the Revocation's technical name, derived from the palace southeast of Paris where Louis had signed the act) declared illegal the public profession of Calvinist Protestantism and led perhaps as many as 200,000 Huguenots/ as French Protestants were known, to flee their homeland. They did so despite royal decrees against emigration and the harsh punishment (prison for women, the galleys for men) awaiting those caught escaping. The Revocation is a landmark in the checkered history of religious toleration (or intolerance); Huguenots, many Roman Catholics, and historians of all persuasions have heaped scorn on Louis XIV for withdrawing the Edict of Nantes, issued by his grandfather, Henry IV (1589-1610). King Henry had proclaimed the 1598 Edict to be both "perpetual" and "irrevocable. " Although one absolutist king could not bind his successors and although "irrevocable" in the context of French law simply meant irrevocable until superseded by another edict, historians have accused Louis XIV of 2 breaking faith with Henry IV and the Huguenots. Louis did only what Henry prob­ ably would have done had he possessed the requisite power.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2766-7
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  • 29
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    Newton’s Scientific and Philosophical Legacy (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 123
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 123
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Preamble -- Newton, the Man — Again -- I: Newton’s Science -- Newton’s Third Law and Universal Gravity -- Newton’s Alchemy and his ‘Active Principle’ of Gravitation -- Newton’s Biblical Theology and his Theological Physics -- Newton’s ‘Opticks’ and the Incomplete Revolution -- Newton’s Pendulum Experiment and specific Characteristics of his Scientific Method in Physics -- II: Newton’s Scientific Heritage -- The Surprises of Newtonian Determinism -- Newton’s Conception of Time in Modern Physics and Philosophy -- Gravitation and Nineteenth-Century Physical Worldviews -- Electricity in Eighteenth-Century Holland: a Newtonian Legacy -- Reconcilation of the Newtonian Framework with Thermodynamics by the Reproducibility of a Collective Physical Quantity -- Newtonian Gravitational Theory and General Relativity in the Light of the Correspondence between their Mathematical Models -- Chemical Affinity in the 19th Century and Newtonianism -- III: Newton’s Methodological Heritage -- Newton, Lavoisier and Modern Science -- Inertia, the Innate Force of Matter: a Legacy from Newton to Modern Physics -- A Charactarization of the Newtonian Paradigm -- Newton’s Mathematization of Physics in Retrospect -- Probability, Planets, and Newton’s Methodology -- Isaac Newton’s Legacy: an Insight into Resilient Patterns of Thought -- Newton’s Construction of the Law of Gravitation -- IV: Newton’s Philosophical Heritage -- Partnership in Glory: Newton and Locke through the Enlightenment and beyond -- What Survives from the Classical Concept of Absolute Time -- Newton’s Theory of Matter -- Ethics, Politics and Sociology as Newtonian Sciences -- Aristotle Wittgenstein, alias Isaac Newton between Fact and Substance -- A Word About the Authors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2809-1
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  • 30
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    The Ideal and the Real : An Outline of Kant’s Theory of Space, Time and Mathematical Construction (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400914155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One Prologue: Newton and Leibniz -- 1.1. Newton on Space, Time and Metaphysics -- 1.2. Leibniz: The Ideal and the Real -- Two Kant’s Theory of Space and Time -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Concepts and Definitions -- 2.3. Kant’s Anti-logicist programme -- 2.4. Transcendental Aesthetic -- 2.5. Construction and Schematism -- 2.6. Spaces and Geometries -- 2.7. Incongruent Counterparts & the Intuitive Nature of Space -- 2.8. Infinity: Reason and Experience -- 2.9. Transcendental Idealism -- Three Acts, Intuitions and Constructions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Concepts, Intuitions and the Schematism -- 3.3. Kant’s Constructivism -- 3.4. Incongruity and Constructions -- 3.5. Indirect Proof -- Notes -- Notes on Further Reading.
    Abstract: Many students coming to grips with Kant's philosophy are understandably daunted not only by the complexity and sheer difficulty of the man's writings, but almost equally by the amount of secondary literature available. A great deal of this seems to be - and not only on first reading - just about as difficult as the work it is meant to make more accessible. Any writer deliberately setting out to provide an authentically introductory text thus faces a double problem: how to provide an exegesis which would capture some of the spirit of the original, without gross and misleading over-simplification; and secondly, how to anchor the argument in the best and most imaginative secondary literature, yet avoid the whole project appearing so fragmented as to make the average book of chess openings seem positively austere. Until fairly recently, matters were made even more difficul t, in that commentaries on Kant were very often of a whole work, say, The Critique of Pure Reason, with the result that students would have to struggle through a very great deal of material indeed in order to feel any confidence at all that they had begun to understand the original writings. Recently, things have changed somewhat. There are now excellent commentaries on "Kant's Analytic", "Kant's Analogies" etc. . We have also seen, (at least as reflected in book titles), a resurgence of interest in what is perhaps the most controversial and far-reaching Kantian claim, viz.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1415-5
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  • 31
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    Imre Lakatos and Theories of Scientific Change (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400930254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 111
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: A Retrospect -- Deductive Heuristics -- Development of Science as a Change of Types -- Methodology and Ontology -- Imre Lakatos in China -- On the Characterization of Cognitive Progress -- II -- Continuity and Discontinuity in the Definition of a Disciplinary Field: The Case of XXth Century Physics -- Determinism, Probability and Randomness in Classical Statistical Physics -- The Emergence of a Research Programme in Classical Thermodynamics -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes and Some Developments in High Energy Physics -- Many-Particle Physics: Calculational Complications that Become a Blessing for Methodology -- The Relative Autonomy of Theoretical Science and the Role of Crucial Experiments in the Development of Superconductivity Theory -- III -- Lakatos on the Evaluation of Scientific Theories -- Methodological Sophisticationism: A Degenerating Project -- Through the Looking Glass: Philosophy, Research Programmes and the Scientific Community -- A Critical Consideration of the Lakatosian Concepts: “Mature” and “Immature” Science -- Bridge Structures and the Borderline Between the Internal and External History of Science -- IV -- Corroboration, Verisimilitude, and the Success of Science -- Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in PROLOG -- Louis Althusser and Joseph D. Sneed: A Strange Encounter in Philosophy of Science? -- On Incommensurability -- Partial Interpretation, Meaning Variance, and Incommensurability -- Scientific Discovery and Commensurability of Meaning -- V -- Proofs and Refutations: A Reassessment -- Counterfactual Reduction -- Research Programmes and Paradigms as Dialogue Structures -- Philosophy of Science and the Technological Dimension of Science -- Falsificationism Looked at from an “Economic” Point of View -- VI -- The Bayesian Alternative to the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes -- Frege and Popper: Two Critics of Psychologism -- Has Popper Been a Good Thing? -- Popper’s Propensities: An Ontological Interpretation of Probability.
    Abstract: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3025-4
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  • 32
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    Pamphlets, Printing, and Political Culture in the Early Dutch Republic (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Marshall, Sherrin [Rezension von: Harline, Craig E., Pamphlets, Printing, and Political Culture in the Early Dutch Republic] 1988
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 116
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 116
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: PROLOGUE: The Environment For Pamphleteering -- One: The Appeal of Pamphlets -- I In Search of An Audience -- II Jan Everyman and the Problem of Readership -- III Political Interest and the Book Trade -- Two: Pamphlets and Political Life -- IV Libelli Non Grati: Pamphlets and the Political Culture of Control -- V Preachers in the Middle -- VI Pamphlets and the Culture of Opposition -- Three: Pamphlets Up Close -- VII Canalboats, Taverns, and Dutch Politics -- Epilogue -- Appendix I Statistical Procedures and Problems -- Appendix II Position of Pamphlets on Major Issues, by Period -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book resulted from a desire to understand the role of pamphlets in the political life of that most curious early modern state, the Dutch Republic. The virtues of abundance and occasional liveliness have made "little blue books," as they were called, a favorite historical source-that is why I came to study them in the first place. I But the more I dug into pamphlets for this fact or that, the more questions I had about their 2 contemporary purpose and role. Who wrote pamphlets and why? For whom were they intended? How and by whom were pamphlets brought to press and distributed, and what does this reveal? Why did their number increase so greatly? Who read them? How were pamphlets different from other media? In short, I began to view pamphlets not as repositories of historical facts but as a historical phenomenon in their own right. 3 I have looked for answers to these questions in governmental and church records, private letters, publishing records and related materials about printers, booksellers, and pamphleteers, and of course in pam­ phlets themselves. Like so many other students of the early press and its products, I discovered only scattered, incomplete images of actual con­ ditions, such as the readership or popularity of pamphlets. On the other hand, I found much material which reflected what people believed about "little books.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3601-0
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  • 33
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    The Comparative Reception of Relativity (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400938755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 103
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 103
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Stanley Goldberg/Putting New Wine in Old Bottles: The Assimilation of Relativity in America -- Jose M. Sanchez-Ron/The Reception of Special Relativity in Great Britain -- Lewis Pyenson/The Relativity Revolution in Germany -- Michel Paty/The Scientific Reception of Relativity in France -- Michel Biezunski/Einstein’s Reception in Paris in 1922 -- Barbara J. Reeves/Einstein Politicized: The Early Reception of Relativity in Italy -- Thomas F. Glick/Relativity in Spain -- V.P. Vizginand G.E. Gorelik/The Reception of the Theory of Relativity in Russia and the USSR -- Bronis?aw ?Redniawa/The Reception of the Theory of Relativity in Poland -- Tsutomu Kaneko/Einstein’s Impact on Japanese Intellectuals -- Thomas F. Glick/Cultural Issues in the Reception of Relativity.
    Abstract: The present volume grew out of a double session of the Boston Collo­ quium for the Philosophy of Science held in Boston on March 25, 1983. The papers presented there (by Biezunski, Glick, Goldberg, and Judith Goodstein!) offered both sufficient comparability to establish regulari­ ties in the reception of relativity and Einstein's impact in France, Spain, the United States and Italy, and sufficient contrast to suggest the salience of national inflections in the process. The interaction among the participants and the added perspectives offered by members of the audience suggested the interest of commissioning articles for a more inclusive volume which would cover as many national cases as we could muster. Only general guidelines were given to the authors: to treat the special or general theories, or both, hopefully in a multidisciplinary setting, to examine the popular reception of relativity, or Einstein's personal impact, or to survey all these topics. In a previous volume, on the 2 comparative reception of Darwinism, one of us devised a detailed set of guidelines which in general were not followed. In our opinion, the studies in this collection offer greater comparability, no doubt because relativity by its nature and its complexity offers a sharper, more easily bounded target. As in the Darwinism volume, this book concludes with an essay intended to draw together in comparative perspective some of many themes addressed by the participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3875-5
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  • 34
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    Measurement, Realism and Objectivity : Essays on Measurement in the Social and Physical Sciences (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400939196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 5
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Ontology of Intelligence -- Quantum Measurement and Bell’s Theorem -- Qualified Quantities: Towards an Arithmetic of Real Experience -- Punctuated Equilibrium Theory and Time: A Case Study in Problems of Coherence in the Measurement of Geological Time (The ‘KBS’ Tuff Controversy and the Dating of Rocks in the Turkana Basin, East Kenya) -- Einstein, the Hole Argument and the Reality of Space -- Measurement and Objectivity: Some Problems of Energy Technology -- Freudian Forces -- The Metaphysics of Measurement -- On Ellis’ Theory of Quantities -- Comments on Swoyer and Forge -- Comments on Forge and Swoyer -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3919-6
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  • 35
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    A History of Women Philosophers : Ancient Women Philosophers 600 B.C. - 500 A.D (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 229 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 1
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; History ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: to Volume 1 -- 1. Early Pythagoreans: Themistoclea, Theano, Arignote, Myia, and Damo -- I. Themistoclea, Arignote, and Damo -- II. Theano of Crotona -- III. Myia; Notes. -- 2. Late Pythagoreans: Aesara of Lucania, Phintys of Sparta, and Perictione I -- I. Aesara of Lucania -- II. Phintys of Sparta -- III. Perictione I -- 3. Late Pythagoreans: Theano II, and Perictione II -- I. Theano II -- II. Perictione II -- 4. Authenticating the Fragments and Letters -- I. The Forgery Hypothesis -- II. The Pseudonymy Hypothesis -- III. The Eponymy Hypothesis: -- 5. Aspasia of Miletus -- I. Background -- II. The Menexenus and Pericles’ Funeral Oration -- III. Two arguments about the Menexenus -- IV. Aspasia and Sophistic Rhetoric; Conclusions; Notes. -- 6. Diotima of Mantinea -- I. Distinguishing Diotima from Plato and Socrates -- II. The Tradition of Diotima as a Fictitious Character -- III. The historical Diotima -- IV. In Support of Thesis B -- 7. Julia Domna -- I. Julia Domna’s Biography -- II. “The Philosopher Julia” -- III. Conclusion; Notes. -- 8. Makrina -- I. Biography -- II. Makrina and the Spiritual Tradition -- III. Makrina and Woman’s Soul -- IV. Makrina on Creation, Reincarnation, and Resurrection -- 9. Hypatia of Alexandria -- I. Biography -- II. Teaching -- III. Works -- 10. Arete, Asclepigenia, Axiothea, Cleobulina, Hipparchia, and Lasthenia -- I. Arete of Cyrene -- II. Asclepigenia of Athens -- III. Axiothea of Philesia -- IV. Cleobulina of Rhodes -- V. Hipparchia the Cynic -- VI. Lathenia of Mantinea; Notes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3497-9
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  • 36
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    The Quest for the New Jerusalem, Jean de Labadie and the Labadists, 1610-1744 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives internationales d’histoire des idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 115
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 115
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion (General) ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1. Early Years and Jesuit Training, 1610–1939 -- 2. Jansenism in Picardy. Labadie from Bordeaux to Amiens, 1639–1644, and his retreat at Port-Royal- des-Champs -- 3. The Troubled Years. From Bazas to Montauban, 1644–1650 -- 4. The Reformer Among the Reformed. Labadie at Montauban, 1650–1657 -- 5. In Demand. Labadie at Orange, 1657–1659 and his Call to London -- 6. ‘A Second Calvin.’ Labadie at Geneva, 1659–1666 -- 7. Storms and Schisms. Labadie at Middelburg and Veere, 1666–1669 -- 8. ‘A Garden Walled Around.’ Labadie at Amsterdam, 1669–1670 -- 9. ‘The Garden Prepared.’ Labadie at Herford, 1670–1672 -- 10. ‘The Garden in Flower.’ Labadie at Altona, 1672–1674 -- 11. One Heart and Soul. Labadists at Wieuwerd, 1675–1692 -- 12. Disaster in the Jungle. Labadist Colonial Enterprise in Surinam, 1683–1719 -- 13. Piety in the Plantations. Labadists at Bohemia Manor, Maryland, 1679–1722 -- 14. Twilight of an Era. The Final Years in Friesland, 1692–1744 -- Notes -- Appendix 1. Original Quotations -- Appendix 2. Labadie’s Genealogy -- Abbreviations -- Index of illustrations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3567-9
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  • 37
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    Uneasy Genius: The Life And Work Of Pierre Duhem (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 100
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 100
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Young Pierre -- Parents, home and early years -- Eyewitness to a fateful year -- Collège Stanislas -- Life at Stanislas -- Young scholar -- Personal exploits -- Teachers remembered -- Ready for the grandes écoles -- 2. The Normalien -- A far cry from ‘normal’ school -- Cacique général -- An ill-fated thesis -- Anticlericals versus Catholics -- Sailing on waters and events -- Under Pasteur’s eyes -- Young man in pursuit of rigor -- 3. Lecturer in Lille -- Citadel against citadel -- Encomiums from officialdom -- A brilliant doctorate -- Students in awe -- A vibrant faculty group -- Portrait of a mind -- Politics: ordinary and academic -- Married and widowed -- Comforts and frustrations of science -- Crushing weight of stacked cards -- 4. In Transit in Rennes -- A not so somnolent town -- Frustrated teacher -- Creating a stir -- In the center of a debate -- Scholar in a wrong place -- 5. Bordeaux: A Road to Paris? -- From home to university -- A chair and a department -- A string of doctorates and their perspective -- A great first ignored -- Prodigious productivity and a recognition -- Life at home -- Avid hiker -- A chair and its political prize -- A small speech as a big crime -- In a clash for a sacred cause -- 6. Bordeaux: Journey’s En -- A companionable solitary -- Intransigent integrity -- Twice bereaved -- Relentless work and growing recognition -- A drawn-out election -- A student forever -- Waging his war to the end -- 7. In Memoriam -- Din of war and summer lull -- Bordeaux remembers -- The first anniversary -- Postwar reminiscences -- Some noble efforts -- Missed anniversaries -- Illustrations -- 8. Duhem the Physicist -- The making of a physicist -- The physicist as seen by himself -- The physicist and his peers -- A narrowing advance -- The physicist and posterity -- 9. Duhem the Philosopher -- Common sense with a realist touch -- Attitude to metaphysics -- Rigor as strength and weakness -- Philosophy through history -- Philosopher on trial -- The Théorie physique -- Critics of the Théorie physique -- Christian positivism -- French philosophers -- American dissertations -- The crux of the matter -- 10. Duhem the Historian -- A special historian -- To unsuspected headwaters -- Continuity through Leonardo -- The source of continuous growth -- Scholarship as apologetics -- The quest for completeness -- A gamut of reactions -- Attitudes toward a new vision -- The Renaissance threatened -- Posthumous volumes -- An age in the middle -- List of Duhem’s Publications -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: A hundred years have now gone by since in the midsummer of 1882 Pierre Duhem, a graduate of College Stanislas, completed with brilliant success his entrance exams to the Ecole Normale Superieure and embarked on his career as a theoretical physicist. His father, a textile salesman, hoped that Hierre would pursue a career in business, one of the few professional fields where perhaps he would not have succeeded. Not that young Duhem lacked sense for the practical. He could have easily made a name for himself as an artist had he developed professionally his skill to draw portraits and landscapes. His ability to make a point and his readiness to join in a debate, could have earned him fame as a lawyer. A potential actor was in sight when he entertained friends with mimicry. That as a student of physics he entered and stayed first in his class at the Ecole Normale, did not thwart his talents for the life sciences. No less a biologist than Pasteur tried to obtain Duhem for assistant. His command of Greek and Latin would have secured him a career as a classicist. He was a Frenchman, not to be met too often, whose rightful ad­ miration for and mastery of his native tongue, did not prove a barrier to the major modern languages. As one who taught himself the complex art of medieval paleo­ graphy, he could easily have mastered the many auxiliary sciences needed by a consummate historian.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3623-2
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  • 38
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    Henry More. The Immortality of the Soul (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (588p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 122
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Text -- I. Epistle Dedicatory -- II. Preface -- III. Book I -- IV. Book II -- V. Book III -- VI. Contents -- Notes -- Commentary Notes -- Textual Notes.
    Abstract: The significance of Henry More's vitalist philosophy in the history of ideas has been realized relatively recently, as the bibliography will reveal. The general neglect of the Cambridge Platonist movement may be attributed to the common prejudice that its chief exponents, especially More, were obscure mystics who were neither coherent in their philosophical system nor attractive in their prose style. I hope that this modern edition of More's principal treatise will help to correct this unjust im­ pression and reveal the keenness and originality of More's intellect, which sought to demonstrate the relevance of classical philosophy in an age of empirical science. The wealth of learning -- ranging as it does from Greek antiquity to 17th­ century science and philosophy -- that informs More' s intellectual system of the universe should, in itself, be a recom­ mendation to students of the history of ideas. Though, for those in search of literary satisfaction, too, there is not wanting, in More's style, the humour, and grace, of a man whose erudition did not divorce him from a sympathetic understanding of human contradictions. As for More's elaborate speculations concerning the spirit world in the final book of this treatise, I think that we would indeed be justified in regarding their combination of classical mythology amd scientific naturalism as the literary and philosophical counterpart of the great celestial frescoes of the Baroque masters.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3603-4
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  • 39
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    On the Existence of God : Lectures given at the Universities of Würzburg and Vienna (1868-1891) (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Book reviews 1990
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Theoretical and Practical Interest of the Question of God’s Existence -- One: Preliminary Inquiries -- First Preliminary Inquiry: Is the Inquiry Superfluous? -- Second Preliminary Inquiry: Is it Evident a Priori That the Existence of God is Impossible to Prove? -- Two: The Proofs of the Existence of God -- A Survey of the Proofs Attempted throughout the History of Philosophy -- The Teleological Proof First Part: The Appearance of Teleology -- Second Part: The Reality of Teleology -- Third Part of the Teleological Proof: From an Ordering Intelligence to a Creator -- The Proof from Motion -- The Proof from Contingency -- The Psychological Proof -- Completion of the Proof of the Existence of God -- The Train of Thought in the Proof of God’s Existence (1915) -- One: On the Necessity of All Existing Things -- Two: On the First, Directly Necessary Cause -- Three: Concerning Theodicy -- Editor’s Foreword to the German Edition, by Alfred Kastil -- Editorial Notes by Alfred Kastil.
    Abstract: Of the works by Franz Brentano (1838-1917) which have appeared in thus far, perhaps none is better suited to convey a clear idea of the English spirit of the man that this volume of his lectures on proving the existence of God. In order to understand his metaphysics, it would he better to read The Theory of Categories; in order to master the finer points of his psychology, it would be better to read Psychology From an Empirical Standpoint; in order to appreciate his ethical theory, it would be better to read The Origin of Our Knowledge of Right and Wrong or, for a more thorough treatment, The Foundation and Construction of Ethics. But in order to see what it was that gave Brentano the enthusiasm and dedication to do all that work and much more besides, it is necessary to find out what Brentano believed the philosophical enterprise itself to be; and this comes forth most vividly when he bends his philosophical efforts to the subject he considered most important of all, namely, natural theology. For, like Socrates, Brentano brought a kind of religious fervor to his philosophy precisely because he saw it as dealing much better than religion does with the matters that are closest to our hearts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3633-1
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  • 40
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    Meinong’s Theory of Knowledge (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; History
    Abstract: I. Meinong, Brentano, Chisholm -- A. Alexius Meinong the Person -- B. Meinong and Brentano -- C. Meinong and Chisholm -- II. Perception -- A. General Remarks -- B. Internal Perception -- C. Sphere of Ideas and Sphere of Judgments -- D. Psychic Analysis -- E. Production of Ideas -- F. Perception of Temporally Distributed Objects -- III. Time and the Temporal -- A. General Remarks -- B. Subjective Time -- C. Persistence -- D. Objective Object Time -- E. Perception of Temporal Determinations -- F. Additional Remarks -- IV. Fantasy -- A. Fantasy Ideas and Dispositions -- B. Production of Fantasy Ideas -- V. Memory -- A. General Remarks -- B. Judgments of Existence -- C. Memory Judgments of Being Thus-and-So -- D. Assumption Versus Judgment -- E. Memory of Objects of External Perception -- F. Memory of Feelings and Their Objects -- G. Remembering Judgments of Subsistence -- H. Negative Memories -- VI. Onevidence -- A. Introduction -- B. Judgments -- C. Preliminary Description of Evidence -- D. Presumtive Evidence -- E. Evidence for Certainty -- F. Evidence as Property -- G. Evidence as Fundamental Act -- H. Evidence as Content -- I. Absence of Evidence in Judgments Capable of Evidence, Unawareness of Present Evidence -- J. Evidence and Truth -- K. Evidence and Linguistic Systems -- L. A Principle of Evidence for Internal Perception -- M. Evidence of Memory Judgments.
    Abstract: In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in Meinong's work; but since the bulk of it is still encased in his quite forbidding German, most students are limited to the few available translations and to secondary sources. Unfortunately Meinong has been much maligned - only in a few instances with good reason - and has consequently been dealt with lightly. Meinong stood at a very important junction of European philosophical and scien­ tific thought. In all fields - physics, chemistry, mathematics, psychology, philolo- revolutionary strides were being made. Philosophy, on the other hand, had run its post-Kantian course. New philosophical thinkers came from different disciplines. For example, Frege and later Russell were mathematicians, Boltzmann and Mach were physicists. Earlier Bolzano and then Brentano were originally theologians, and Meinong was a historian. 1 The sciences with their new insights and theories offered an enormous wealth of information which needed to be absorbed philosophically; but traditional philosophy could not deal with it. Physics presented a picture of reality which did not fit into the traditional schemes of empiricism or idealism. Ontological and epistemological questions became once again wide open issues. For example, atoms at first were still considered to be theoretical entities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3641-6
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  • 41
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    The Categories and the Principle of Coherence : Whitehead’s Theory of Categories in Historical Perspective (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Shields, George W. The Categories and the Principle of Coherence: Whitehead's Theory of Categories in Historical Perspective. A. Zvie Bar-on 1989
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Extensive Summary of the Exposition -- I. Aristotle and the Beginning of the Doctrine of Categories -- 1. Predication, Inherence and Kinds of Being -- 2. The Definition of ‘Category’ in its Aristotelian Sense -- 3. Aristotelian Table of Categories -- 4. Quality -- 5. Quantity -- 6. Relation -- 7. Substance -- II. The Kantian Development: Systematization -- 1. Criticism of Aristotle’s Approach -- 2. The Relation between Subject and Object -- 3. ‘The Supreme Principle of Human Knowledge’ -- 4. The Table of Categories vs the Table of Judgements -- 5. The Derivability of the Categories -- 6. The Two Logics -- III. The Hegelian Stage: Speculation and Coherence -- 1. The Absence of Systematization -- 2. The Criticism Qualified, or What Did Hegel Received from Kant -- 3. Sensation, Understanding and Reason -- 4. The Hegelian Scheme of Categories -- 5. Limitations and a Broadened Context -- IV. The Non-Speculative Way: Nicolai Hartmann -- 1. The Basic Ontic Scheme -- 2. The Moments of Being: Dasein and Sosein -- 3. The Main Problem: How to Explain the Unity of the Universe -- 4. The Categorial Analysis, Its Nature and Stages -- 5. Hartmann’s Version of Coherence -- V. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Framework -- 1. ‘A Coherent, Logical and Necessary System’ -- 2. Whitehead’s Version of the Principle of Coherence -- 3. Contradictory Trends -- 4. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme -- VI. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Implementation -- 1. ‘The Ultimate’ and the ‘Modes of Existence’ -- 2. The Category of the Actual Entity -- 3. The Principles of Process -- 4. The Principle of Relativity -- 5. The Ontological Principle -- 6. The Subjectivist Principle -- 7. Whitehead’s Formulation of the ‘Categorial Laws’ -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The general topic of this book is the theory of categories, its sources, meaning and development. The inquiry can be seen to proceed on two levels. On one, the history of the theory is traced from its alleged genesis in Aristotle, through its main subsequent stages of Kant and Hegel, up to a kind of consummation in two of its prominent twentieth century adherents, Alfred North White­ head and Nicolai Hartmann. Special attention has been paid to that aspect of the Hegelian conception of the categorial analysis from which the principle of coherence emerged. On the second, deeper level, however, everything starts with Whitehead's metaphysical system, the central part of which con­ sists of a fascinating, though highly intricate, web of categorial notions and propositions. The historical perspective becomes a means for untangling that web. I am indebted to a number of people for advice, comment and criticism of various parts of this book. My greatest thanks go to my teachers and colleagues Nathan Rotenstreich, Nathan Spiegel, Yaakov Fleischman, as well as to the late Shmuel Hugo Bergman and Pepita Haezrachi. of this book was published in 1967 by An earlier, Hebrew version the Bialik Institute of Jerusalem. I am grateful to Mr Yehoshua Perel, Mr Arnold Schwartz and to my wife Varda for their cooperation in rendering the extensively revised text of the book into readable English. I also owe great appreciation to Miss Liat Dawe for an accurate and painstaking word-processing of the text.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3557-0
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  • 42
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    Nietzsche and Greek Thought (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: I. Nietzsche’s Philosophic Historiography -- Nietzsche’s Use of Intellectual History -- History and the Self -Definition of Humanity -- II. Nietzsche on the Greek Decline -- “Socrates” as a Symptom of the Greek Decline -- III. Nietzsche on the Early Presocratics -- Philosophy in “the Tragic Age” -- Nietzsche on Anaximander -- Nietzsche on Herakleitos -- Nietzsche and Parmenides -- IV. Positivism and Ecstasy -- Rationality without Beauty, Release without Proportion -- Poetry as Dianoia, Imagination as Rationality -- V. Keeping Track of “Socrates” -- The Socrates of the Pythagorizing and Oligarchal Tradition -- Nietzsche’s Traditionalist Reading of Plato -- VI. What Nietzsche Loved About Socrates -- Nietzsche’s Dialectic and Anti-Systematics -- Plato’s Socrates is Not a Twilit Idol -- VII. The Tyranny of “Reason” -- “Rationalism” and “Morality,” Reason and Nature -- Man’s Fatedness is Existential -- Nietzsche’s Remarks on Aristotle, and the Tragic Sense -- Epilogue.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3553-2
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  • 43
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    Willing and Unwilling: A Study in the Philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401577564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 169 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Idealism -- II Reason -- III Metaphysics -- IV The Limits of Natural Science -- V The Individual Will -- VI The World as Will -- VII Art -- VIII The Metaphysics of Morals -- XI The Denial of the Will -- X Pessimism -- Notes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7756-4
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  • 44
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    Pierre Gassendi : From Aristotelianism to a New Natural Philosophy (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400937932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 30
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Pierre Gassendi -- Manuscripts and published works -- Bibliographical survey -- 1. Sceptical anti-Aristotelianism -- 2. Copernican anti-Aristotelianism -- 3. Epicurean anti-Aristotelianism -- Epicureanism as substitute for Aristotelianism -- 4. Empirical anti-Aristotelianism -- 1. Logical writings: from Aristotelian dialectic to Epicurean canonic -- 2. Cognition: the physical and physiological processes -- 3. Cognition: the ‘psychological’ processes -- 4. Empirical anti-Aristotelianism -- 5. The ‘sceptical crisis’ -- 5. “A truer philosophy” -- 1. Atoms and the void -- 2. The substance of physical causes -- 3. Obscurity vanquished -- Conclusion -- Notes.
    Abstract: Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655) lived in three civilizations in the span of one life-time: medieval ecclesiastic, Renaissance humanist and modern and he never cut himself loose from any of them. It is probably scientific; because he managed to be at home in all three that history has allocated to him a position somewhere on the fringe of the inner circle of genius in the seventeenth-century scientific revolution. While he was not a front-runner, Gassendi was nevertheless a pioneer of modern corpuscularianism and his influence on the development of empirical science was truly international. It is precisely because Gassendi was a figure of the second rank - a significant but lesser luminary - that we need to examine his work closely, for the less famous contemporaries help us to explain what the great ones do. It might seem that Gassendi has received his share of attention from scholars, even though it is sometimes suggested otherwise. Several full­ length monographs have been published in the past three decades, and there have been a number of articles in scholarly journals. Yet, despite the indisputable worth of these studies, the picture of Gassendi that has emerged from them has been partial and at times wide of the mark, so that the true story remains to be told.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3793-2
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  • 45
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    Hobbes’s ‘Science of Natural Justice’ (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400934856
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 111
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy of law ; History ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Editor’s Introduction -- I. Task of the ‘Science of Natural Justice’ -- 1. The Philosophical Implications of Hobbes’s State of Nature -- 2. Hobbes’s Theory of Natural and Social Sciences -- 3. Obligations: Science and Philosophy in the Political Writings of Hobbes -- II. Logic and Language of this Science -- 4. Hobbes on the Natural and the Artificial -- 5. Hobbes’s Entanglement with the Excluded Middle in his Theory of Man and Politics -- 6. Hobbes: Language and the Is-Ought -- 7. ‘Insinuations to the Will’: Hobbes’s Style and Intention in Leviathan Compared to his Earlier Political Works -- III. Natural Right and the State of Nature -- 8. Hobbes’s Conatus and the Roots of Character -- 9. Hobbes and the Wolf-man -- 10. Metamorphosis of the Idea of Right in Thomas Hobbes’s Philosophy -- 11. The Peculiarity of Hobbes’s Concept of Natural Right -- 12. Thomas Hobbes: The Mediation of Right -- IV. Generating the Commonwealth -- 13. Hobbes, Revolution and the Philosophy of History -- 14. Thomas Hobbes from Behemoth to Leviathan -- 15. Covenant: Hobbes’s Philosophy of Religion and his Political System ‘More Geometrico’ -- V. Justice and Equity in the Commonwealth -- 16. Hobbes on Equity and Justice -- 17. Commentary on Professor May’s ‘Hobbes on Equity and Justice’ -- 18. Justice and Equity: an Inquiry into the Meaning and Role of Equity in the Hobbesian Account of Justice and Politics -- VI. Hobbes Today -- 19. The Leviathan, Old and New -- 20. Hobbes and Macroethics: the Theory of Peace and Natural Justice.
    Abstract: Unlike many major figures in Western intellectual history, Hobbes has refused to become dated and quietly take his appointed place in the museum of historical scholarship. Whether by way of adoption or reaction, his ideas have remained vibrant forces in mankind's attempts to understand the problems and dilemmas of living peaceably with one another. As Richard Ashcraft said a few years ago: One of the standards by which the greatness of political theorists is measured, is their ability to evoke in us new insights into 'the human condition'. Only a few political writers have risen Dionysus-like from the titanic assaults of their critics to become even more formidable forces in the shaping of our destiny. One of these giants is surely the irascible l and irrepressible Thomas Hobbes . Given the power of Hobbes's thought, it is not then perhaps surprising to find that his writings have generated seemingly endless scholarly controversy and an astonishing range of imcompatible interpretations. Among other things, he has been interpreted as a theist and an atheist, as a utilitarian and a deontologist, a humanist and a scientist, as a traditional natural law theorist and a legal positivist, a contractualist and an absolutist - indeed, as Professor Morris notes in his contribution to the present volume, 'as almost any kind of philosophical 'ist except Platonist or Aristotelist'.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3485-6
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  • 46
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    The Politics and Rhetoric of Scientific Method : Historical Studies (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Galileo that Feyerabend Missed: An Improved Case Against Method -- Cartesian Method as Mythic Speech: A Diachronic and Structural Analysis -- Steady as a Rock: Methodology and Moving Continents -- Methodology as a Normative Conceptual Problem: The Case of the Indian ‘Warped Zipper’ Model of DNA -- Inside the Cell: Genetic Methodology and the Case of the Cytoplasm -- The Order of Ideas: Condillac’s Method of Analysis as a Political Instrument in the French Revolution -- Method and the ‘Micropolitics’ of Science: The Early Years of the Geological and Astronomical Societies of London -- Scientific Method and the Rhetoric of Science in Britain, 1830–1917 -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4560-9
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  • 47
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    Two Colonial Empires : Comparative Essays on the History of India and Indonesia in the Nineteenth Century (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400943667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Ulama, Sufis and Colonial Rule in North India and Indonesia -- Islam in Southern India: ‘Purist’ or ‘Syncretic’? -- Aristocracies under Colonial Rule: North India and Java -- Administrative Tradition and the Dilemma of Colonial Rule: An Example of the Early 1830s -- Two Colonial Revolts: The Java War, 1825–30, and the Indian ‘Mutiny’ of 1857–59 -- The Cultivation System and its Impact on the Dutch Colonial Economy and the Indigenous Society in Nineteenth-Century Java -- Famine and Food Supply in Java 1830–1914 -- State and Adat -- The Taxation of Agriculture in British India and Dutch Indonesia.
    Abstract: by C. A. Bayly and D. H. A. Kolff The papers published in this volume were originally presented at two meetings of the Cambridg~-Leiden group for the comparative study of colonial India and Indonesia he1d in June 1979 and September 1982. These meetings were jointly sponsored by the Centre for the History of European Expansion at Leiden and the Centre for South Asian Studies at Cambridge. The Cambridge Centre had been restricted to the study of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma and Nepal but had recently incorporated Southeast Asia into its area of interest; the Leiden Centre, which had encouraged comparative study from the beginning, necessarily found itself concentrating attention on Indonesias as the most important region of the former Dutch colonial empire. The meetings were intended to be exploratory, as much to alert the participants to work being done in the respective countries and to their different types of academic discourse as to compare 'India' and 'Indonesia'. Nor were the meetings intended to be exclusive. Scholars from several British and Netherlands Universities were involved from the beginning. More recently a wider series of conferences has been inaugurated. This brings scholars in India and Indonesia into a project wich seeks to develop the comparisons between the * two colonial societies on a more systematic basis.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4366-7
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  • 48
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    Theology, Politics and Letters at the Crossroads of European Civilization : Jacques Basnage and the Baylean Huguenot Refugees in the Dutch Republic (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400943438
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 107
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 107
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Religion. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I. From the City of Joan of Arc to the United Provinces of William III and the grand pensionary Heinsius -- 1. The Basnages of Rouen: Huguenot avocats in the Parlement of Normandy and pastors of the French Reformed Church -- 2. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in Rouen -- 3. Refuge in Holland: Ministry in the Walloon Church of Rotterdam and the Republic of Letters in the time of Pierre Bayle, 1685–1709 -- 4. Refuge in Holland: Ministry in the Walloon Church of The Hague and Protestant diplomacy, 1710-23 -- II. Dimensions of the Huguenot intellectual of the ‘Diaspora’ -- 5. First modern historian of the Jews: Rational criticism versus Xenophobia and the Wall of Silence -- 6. Critic of Bossuet and historian of the Protestant churches: The position of dissenters in an absolute monarchy -- 7. Religious controversialist and the issues of Unigenitus, Jansenism, and Gallicanism -- 8. Contributor to the Histoire des Ouvrages des Savans: Journalism in the service of the Republic of Letters -- 9. States’ historian of the Dutch first Stadholderless period and the Republic under William III -- 10. The progress of history from barbarism to civilization: Social change in duelling and chivalric orders -- 11. Toward a redefinition of Calvinist theology and Society? The problem of religious toleration and freedom of conscience -- Conclusion: The role of the Baylean moderate party in the Second Huguenot Refuge -- Select bibliography: -- 1. Bibliographies and guides to materials -- 2. Original manuscripts: Unprinted -- 3. Original manuscripts: Printed -- 4. Contempory works of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries -- 5. Later works.
    Abstract: The Character of Seventeenth-Century French Protestantism and the Place of the Huguenot Refuge following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes Thirty-seven years ago the late Emile-G. Leonard regretted that there were so few historical studies of seventeenth-century French Protestantism and no general 1 historical synthesis for the period as a whole. At the time Leonard's observation was accurate. Seventeenth-century French Protestantism traditionally remained a questionable and problematical subject for historians. All too frequently historians neglected it in favor of emphasizing its origins in the second-half of the sixteenth century and its renascence since the French Revolution. When the rare historian broke his silence and considered French Protestantism in the seventeenth-century, was meager and generally ambivalent or negative. The historiographer his treatment of seventeenth-century French Protestantism could only cite the outstanding works of Jean Pannier and Orentin Douen, which taken together emphasized the new pre­ eminence of Parisian Protestantism in the seventeenth century, and the genuine works of synthesis by John Vienot and Matthieu Lelievre, which again had to be placed side by side in order to complete coverage of the whole of the seventeenth 2 century. The only true intellectual history of seventeenth-century French Protestantism was the study by Albert Monod, which, however, dealt with the second-half of the century and, then, only in the broad context of both Protestant 3 and Catholic thought responding to the challenge of modern rationalism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4343-8
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  • 49
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    Philosophy and Politics : A Commentary on the Preface to Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401096249
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees 113
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Notes -- Historical Background -- University and Fraternity (Burschenschaft) -- Hegel’s position and reaction -- Hegel’s targets -- Notes -- Schematic Rendition of the Preface -- Notes -- Commentary on the Preface -- Paragraph 1–2 (p. III–IV) -- Paragraph 3 (p. IV–V) -- Paragraph 4 (p. VI–VII) -- Paragraph 5 (p. VII) -- Paragraph 6 (p. VII–VIII) -- Paragraph 7 (p. VIII–X) -- Paragraph 8 (p. X–XIII) -- Paragraph 9 (p. XIII–XIV) -- Paragraph 10 (p. XIV–XVI) -- Paragraph 11 (p. XVI–XVIII) -- Paragraph 12 (p. XVIII–XIX) -- Paragraph 13 (p. XIX–XXI) -- Paragraph 14 (p. XXI) -- Paragraph 15 (p. XXI–XXII) -- Paragraph 16 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 17 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 18 (p. XXII–XXIII) -- Paragraph 19 (p. XXIII–XXIV) -- Paragraph 20 (p. XXIV) -- Notes.
    Abstract: There is a didactical as well as a philosophical importance to providing a commentary on the Preface to Hegel's handbook on the philosophy of right. Considering the fact that the text brings us the thought of a great and difficult philosopher in a non-rigorous, "exoteric" way, it is well suited to the task of introducing students to the world of think­ ing. It is, however, too difficult to do this without being supplemented by some explanation. Analysis and hints for further study are necessi­ tated here by both the interweaving of political and philosophical viewpoints and the philosophical presuppositions with which this Preface is full. The philosophical importance of a commentary on Hegel's text can be found partially in the incessant quotation of the Preface in the literature on Hegel's philosophy to justify very different and contra­ dictory interpretations. As long as the specialists do not agree about the meaning of the Preface to the Philosophy of Right, anyone trying to explain it cannot avoid the task of making his or her own contribu­ tion to the philosophical debate concerning the nature and content of Hegel's work.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9624-9
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  • 50
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    Principles of the Theory of Heat : Historically and Critically Elucidated (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400946224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Author’s Preface to the First Edition -- Author’s Preface to the Second Edition (Excerpt) -- I. Historical Survey of the Development of Thermometry -- II. Critical Discussion of the Conception of Temperature -- III. On the Determination of High Temperatures -- IV. Names and Numbers -- V. The Continuum -- VI. Historical Survey of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VII. The Development of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VIII. Historical Survey of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- IX. Review of the Development of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- X. Historical Survey of the Development of Calorimetry -- XI. Criticism of Calorimetric Conceptions -- XII. The Calorimetric Properties of Gases -- XIII. The Development of Thermodynamics. Carnot’s Principle -- XIV. The Development of Thermodynamics. The Principle of Mayer and Joule. The Principle of Energy -- XV. The Development of Thermodynamics. Unifying the Principles -- XVI. Concise Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics -- XVII. The Absolute (Thermodynamic) Scale of Temperature -- XVIII. Critical Review of the Development of Thermodynamics. The Sources of the Principle of Energy -- XIX. Extension of the Theorem of Carnot and Clausius. The Conformity and the Differences of Energies. The Limits of the Principle of Energy -- XX. The Borderland between Physics and Chemistry -- XXI. The Relation of Physical and Chemical Processes -- XXII. The Opposition between Mechanical and Phenomenological Physics -- XXIII. The Evolution of Science -- XXIV. The Sense of the Marvellous -- XXV. Transformation and Adaptation in Scientific Thought -- XXVI. The Economy of Science -- XXVII. Comparison as a Scientific Principle -- XXVIII. Language -- XXIX. The Concept -- XXX. The Concept of Substance -- XXXI. Causality and Explanation -- XXXII. Revision of Scientific Views Caused by Chance Circumstances -- XXXIII. The Paths of Investigation -- XXXIV. The Aim of Investigation -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious. " II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4622-4
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  • 51
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    Spinoza and the Sciences (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 91
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 91
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Spinoza and Seventeenth Century Science -- Spinoza in the Century of Science -- Spinoza and Cartesian Mechanics (translated by Debra Nails and Pascal Gallez) -- Spinoza and the Rise of Modern Science in the Netherlands -- II. Spinoza: Scientist -- Spinoza: Scientist and Theorist of Scientific Method -- Spinoza and Euclidean Arithmetic: The Example of the Fourth Proportional (translated by David Lachterman) -- III. Spinoza and the Human Sciences: Politics and Hermeneutics -- Towards a Canonic Version of Classical Political Theory -- Some New Light on the Roots of Spinoza’s Science of Bible Study -- IV. Scientific-Metaphysical Reflections -- Self-Knowledge as Self-Preservation? -- Spinoza’s Version of the Eternity of -- V. Spinoza and Twentieth Century Science -- Parallelism and Complementarity: The Psycho-Physical Problem in Spinoza and in the Succession of Niels Bohr -- Res Extensa and the Space-Time Continuum -- Einstein and Spinoza (translated by Michel Paty and Robert S. Cohen) -- VI. Bibliography -- Annotated Bibliography of Spinoza and the the Mind Sciences -- Index Locorum -- General Index.
    Abstract: Prefatory Explanation It must be remarked at once that I am 'editor' of this volume only in that I had the honor of presiding at the symposium on Spinoza and the Sciences at which a number of these papers were presented (exceptions are those by Hans Jonas, Richard Popkin, Joe VanZandt and our four European contributors), in that I have given some editorial advice on details of some of the papers, including translations, and finally, in that my name appears on the cover. The choice of speakers, and of addi­ tional contributors, is entirely due to Robert Cohen and Debra Nails; and nearly all the burden of readying the manuscript for the press has been borne by the latter. In the introduction to another anthology on Spinoza I opened my remarks by quoting a statement of Sir Stuart Hampshire about inter­ pretations of Spinoza's chief work: All these masks have been fitted on him and each of them does to some extent fit. But they remain masks, not the living face. They do not show the moving tensions and unresolved conflicts in Spinoza's Ethics. (Hampshire, 1973, p. 297) The double theme of 'moving tensions' and 'unresolved conflicts' seems even more appropriate to the present volume. What is Spinoza's rela­ tion to the sciences? The answers are many, and they criss-cross one another in a number of complicated ways.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4514-2
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  • 52
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    Cognition and Fact : Materials on Ludwik Fleck (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400944985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 87
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 87
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. -- Microbiology and Philosophy of Science, Lwów and the German Holocaust: Stations of a Life — Ludwik Fleck 1896–1961 -- II. Ludwik Fleck’s Papers on the Philosophy of Science -- 2.1. Some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking [1927] -- 2.2. On the Crisis of ‘Reality’ [1929] -- 2.3. Scientific Observation and Perception in General [1935] -- 2.4. The Problem of Epistemology [1936] -- 2.5. Problems of the Science of Science [ 1946] -- 2.6. To Look, To See, To Know [1947] -- 2.7. Crisis in Science [unpublished, 1960] -- III. On Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Knowledge and Science -- 3.1. The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath -- 3.2. Polish Philosophy in the Inter-War Period and Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought-Styles and Thought-Collectives -- 3.3. Ludwik Fleck and Polish Philosophy -- 3.4. Lwów as a Cultural and Intellectual Background of the Genesis of Fleck’s Ideas -- 3.5. Ludwik Fleck and the Influence of the Philosophy of Lwów -- 3.6. Ludwik Fleck and the Historical Interpretation of Science -- 3.7. Fleck’s Contribution to Epistemology -- 3.8. Is There a Distinction Between External and Internal Sociology of Science? (Commentary on a Paper of John Ziman) -- 3.9. On Ludwik Fleck’s Use of Social Categories in Knowledge -- 3.10. History of Science and Its Sociological Reconstructions -- 3.11. Some Determinants of Cognitive Style in Science -- 3.12. Some Comments on Fleck’s Interpretation of the Bordet-Wassermann Reaction in View of Present Biochemical Knowledge -- 3.13. Fleck’s Style -- 3.14. The Epistemology of the Science of an Epistemologist of the Sciences: Ludwik Fleck’s Professional Outlook and its Relationships to his Philosophical Works -- IV. -- Bibliography Of Ludwik Fleck -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Within the last ten years, the interest of historians and philosophers of science in the epistemological writings of the Polish medical microbiologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), who had up to then been almost completely unknown, has advanced with great strides. His main writings on epistemological questions were published in the mid-1930's, but they remained almost unnoticed. Today, however, one may rightly call Fleck a 'classical' figure both of episte­ mology and of the historical sociology of science, one whose works are comparable with Popper's Logic of Scientific Discovery or Merton's pioneer­ ing study of the relations among economics, Puritanism, and natural science, both also originally published in the mid-1930's. The story of this book of 'materials on Ludwik Fleck' is also the story of the reception of Ludwik Fleck. In this volume, some essential materials which have been produced by that reception have been gathered together. We will sketch both the reception and the materials.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4498-5
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  • 53
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    Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Netherlands 1933-1940 (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400943681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Political science. ; Emigration and immigration.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- II: Jewish refugees and the relief organisations -- 1. The Netherlands: Government and society in 1933 -- 2. Jewish emigration from Germany -- 3. Jewish refugees and the Netherlands 1933–40 -- 4. The establishment of Jewish relief organisations -- 5. The work of the Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen -- III: The Dutch government and the refugee problem -- 1. Immigration law and its enforcement before 1933 -- 2. Government attitudes and admissions policy in 1933 -- 3. Attempts at restriction 1934–1937 -- 4. Stricter controls 1937–1938 -- 5. The November pogrom -- 6. 1939: The refugee camps -- 7. International considerations -- IV: The organisation of relief for political refugees -- 1. Emigration of political refugees to the Netherlands -- 2. The German Socialist Party (SPD) -- 3. The German Communist Party (KPD) -- 4. Other left-wing groups -- 5. Conclusion -- V: The government and the political refugees -- 1. The Dutch government and the political refugees -- 2. Political representation of refugees in the Netherlands -- 3. German action against emigre and refugee groups -- 4. Left-wing refugees and NSDAP activists -- 5. Conclusion -- VI: Conclusion -- Notes.
    Abstract: My interest in the 'refugee question' of the 1930s stemmed initially from time spent as an undergraduate at Manchester University, an interest which has been expanded, via a doctoral thesis, to the writing of this book. In wri­ ting about the German and Austrian refugees who fled to the Netherlands before the country was occupied in May 1940, the main aim has been to re­ turn the 'refugee question' of the 1930s into its pre-war context,a context from which it has often been dragged to provide an introduction to the events of the war period and the policies carried out by the Germans in oc­ cupied Europe. A study of the Netherlands provides the opportunity to look at refugees as a whole, not just as Jews, social democrats or communists, and also to examine the reaction and response of an European government to what was essentially a unique problem. I take great pleasure in recording my gratitude to the many people who have helped me in the course of my work. To the Dutch Ministerie van On­ derwijs en Wetenschappen and the Twenty-Seven Foundation for grants which enabled me to spend time in the Netherlands completing the research for this project, and to the British Acadamy for their financial assistance with publication costs. The research for this book took me to many libraries and archives in a number of countries.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4368-1
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  • 54
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    Kant’s Philosophy of Physical Science : Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft 1786-1986 (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400947306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (375p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 33
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 33
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Kant’s Quest for a Method for Metaphysics -- I The Metaphysical Grounding of Newtonian Natural Philosophy -- The Metaphysical Foundations of Newtonian Science -- Kant’s Two Grand Hypotheses -- Filled with Wonder: Kant’s Cosmological Essay, the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens -- II The Structure of Scientific Methodology -- Kant’s ‘Special Metaphysics’ and The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- The Methodological Structure of Kant’s Metaphysics of Science -- Projecting the Order of Nature -- III The Status of Physical Laws and of Theoretical Entities -- Kant on the A Priori and Material Necessity -- Kant’s Methodology: Progress Beyond Newton? -- Kant on Realism and Methodology -- IV A Thesis About Kant’s Theory of Knowledge -- Kant’s Epistemology as a Theory of Alienated Knowledge -- Notes on the Authors.
    Abstract: The papers in this volume are offered in celebration of the 200th anni versary of the pub 1 i cat i on of Inmanue 1 Kant's The MetaphysicaL Foundations of NatupaL Science. All of the es­ says (including the Introduction) save two were written espe­ ci ally for thi s volume. Gernot Bohme' s paper is an amended and enlarged version of one originally read in the series of lectures and colloquia in philosophy of science offered by Boston University. My own paper is a revised and enlarged version (with an appendix containing completely new material) of one read at the biennial meeting of the Philosophy of Sci­ ence Association held in Chicago in 1984. Why is it important to devote this attention to Kant's last published work in the philosophy of physics? The excellent essays in the volume will answer the question. I will provide some schematic com­ ments designed to provide an image leading from the general question to its very specific answers. Kant is best known for hi s monumental Croitique of Pure Reason and for his writings in ethical theory. His "critical" philosophy requires an initial sharp division of knowledge into its theoretical and practical parts. Moral perfection of attempts to act out of duty is the aim of practical reason. The aim of theoretical reason is to know the truth about ma­ terial and spiritual nature.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4730-6
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  • 55
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    The Search for a Methodology of Social Science : Durkheim, Weber, and the Nineteenth-Century Problem of Cause, Probability, and Action (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 92
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I / The Earlier Conversation -- One / Two Generations -- Two / Beyond the Enlightenment: Comte and the New Problem of Social Science -- Three / Mill and the ‘Ascent To Causes’ -- Four / Quetelet: Rates and Their Explanation -- Five / The Interregnum -- II / Durkheim as a Methodolog’ist -- Six / Realism, Teleology, and Action -- Seven / Collective Forces, Causation, and Probability -- Eight / Durkheim’s Individual -- III / Weber On Action -- Nine / Objective Possibility and Adequate Cause -- Ten / Rationality and Action -- Eleven / Large-Scale Explanations: Aggregation and Interpretation -- Epilog / The End of the Ascent -- Notes.
    Abstract: Stephen Turner has explored the ongms of social science in this pioneering study of two nineteenth century themes: the search for laws of human social behavior, and the accumulation and analysis of the facts of such behavior through statistical inquiry. The disputes were vigorously argued; they were over questions of method, criteria of explanation, interpretations of probability, understandings of causation as such and of historical causation in particular, and time and again over the ways of using a natural science model. From his careful elucidation of John Stuart Mill's proposals for the methodology of the social sciences on to his original analysis of the methodological claims and practices of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, Turner has beautifully traced the conflict between statistical sociology and a science offactual description on the one side, and causal laws and a science of nomological explanation on the other. We see the works of Comte and Quetelet, the critical observations of Herschel, Buckle, Venn and Whewell, and the tough scepticism of Pearson, all of these as essential to the works of the classical founders of sociology. With Durkheim's essay on Suicide and Weber's monograph on The Protestant Ethic, Turner provides both philosophical analysis to demonstrate the continuing puzzles over cause and probability and also a perceptive and wry account of just how the puzzles of our late twentieth century are of a piece with theirs. The terms are still familiar: reasons vs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3461-5
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  • 56
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    Reason and Being (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- 1. The Heraclitean-Eleatic Clash -- 2. Paradoxes of Being -- 3. Einstein and Epicurus -- 4. The Rationalism of the Renaissance -- 5. Descartes -- 6. Spinoza and Einstein -- 7. The Genesis of Classical Science and the Problem of Nonidentity -- 8. Dynamism and the Critique of Stationary Being -- II -- 9. Heterogeneous Being -- 10. Existence and Actuality -- 11. Understanding and Reason in Nineteenth- and Twentieth- Century Science -- 12. Nothing and the Vacuum -- Afterword -- Afterword -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boris Kuznetsov was a scientist among humanists, a philosopher among scientists, a historian for those who look to the future, an optimist in an age of sadness. He was steeped in classical European culture, from earliest times to the latest avant-garde, and he roamed through the ages, an inveterate time-traveller, chatting and arguing with Aristotle and Descartes, Heine and Dante, among many others. Kuznetsov was also, in his intelligent and thoughtful way, a Marxist scholar and a practical engineer, a patriotic Russian Jew of the first sixty years of the Soviet Union. Above all he meditated upon the revolutionary developments of the natural sciences, throughout history to be sure but particularly in his own time, the time of what he called 'non-classical science', and of his beloved and noblest hero, Albert Einstein. Kuznetsov was born in Dnepropetrovsk on October 5, 1903 (then Yekaterinoslav). By early years he had begun to teach, first in 1921 at an institute of mining engineering and then at other technological institutions. By 1933 he had received a scientific post within the Academy of Science of the U. S. S. R. , and then at the end of the Second World War he joined several colleagues at the new Institute of the History of Science and Technology. For more than 40 years he worked there until his death two years ago.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4590-6
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  • 57
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    Scepticism and Belief in Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400943414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees 106
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 106
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: 1. The Philosophic Background to Hume’s Dialogues -- Hume’s Views on Reasoning -- Scepticism -- Natural Beliefs -- 2. Introduction and Part I of Hume’s Dialogues -- I: Preliminary Discussion: Can There Be a Natural Theology? -- 3. Hume’s Dialogues: Part II -- The Argument from Design is Presented -- The Two Versions of the Argument from Design -- Philo’s Initial Criticisms of the Argument from Design -- 4. Hume’s Dialogues: Part III -- Cleanthes’ Illustrative Analogies -- The Articulate Voice Illustration -- The Living Vegetable Library Illustration -- 5. Hume’s Dialogues: Part IV -- The First ‘Inconvenience’ of Anthropomorphism -- 6. Hume’s Dialogues: Part V -- More ‘Inconveniences’ of Cleanthes’ Anthropomorphism -- 7. Hume’s Dialogues: Parts VI–VIII -- Competing Cosmogonies -- 8. Hume’s Dialogues: Part XII -- Mitigated Scepticism and Natural Theology -- The General Thesis Restated -- Philo’s Mitigated Scepticism -- Correcting the ‘Undistinguished’ Pyrrhonian Doubts through ‘Common Sense’ -- Correcting the ‘Undistinguished’ Pyrrhonian Doubts through ‘Reflection’.
    Abstract: In the pages that follow, an attempt is made to examine those sections of the Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion which deal with the Argument from Design - the argument which purports to prove that certain observed similarities between the design of the world and machines of human contrivance countenance reasoning by analogy to the conclusion that the cause of the design of the world resembles human intelligence. The sections which deal with the Argument from Design, and with which I am therefore concerned, are Parts I through VIII and Part XII. I argue that a clue to Hume's discussion of the Argument from Design is to be found in Section XII of the first Enquiry, in which Hume presents his most thorough analysis of philosophic dogmatism and scepticism. The Dialogues, as will be shown, follows precisely Hume's recommendations in this Section for bringing the dogmatist to the position which Hume himself endorses - 'mitigated scepticism. ' It is, then, the position of the mitigated sceptic which is elaborated in Part XII of the Dialogues. The belief in an intelligent designer of the world is shown to be akin to certain other beliefs discussed by Hume - causality, physical objects, a continuing self - which are usually referred to in the literature as 'natural beliefs. ' The mitigated sceptic's defense of the unknowability of the divine nature is seen to be in accordance with Hume's view that whatever is believed naturally cannot be known or understood.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4341-4
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  • 58
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    Colonialism and Migration; Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400943544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Emigration and immigration.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Colonialism and Migration: an Overview -- II: European Indentured Migration to the New World -- 2. The Absence of White Contract Labour in Spanish America during the Colonial Period -- 3. Markets for Migrants: English Indentured Servitude and Emigration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- 4. The Servant Migration to New Netherland, 1624–1664 -- 5. French Indentured Servants for America, 1500–1800 -- 6. The Migration of German Redemptioners to North America, 1720–1820 -- III: Indentured Migration after Slavery -- 7. The Recruitment of African Indentured Labourers for European Colonies in the Nineteenth Century -- 8. Plantation Society and Indentured Labour: the Jamaican Case, 1834–1865 -- 9. The Meek Hindu: The Recruitment of Indian Labourers for Service Overseas, 1870–1916 -- 10. Engagees and Coolies on Réunion Island: Slavery’s Masks and Freedom’s Constraints -- 11. Colonialism and Indentured Labour Migration in the Western Pacific, 1840–1915 -- IV: A Comparison: Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery -- 12. Servants to Slaves to Servants: Contract Labour and European Expansion -- Notes on the Contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4354-4
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  • 59
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    Models of Scientific Development and the Case of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400947641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 184
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Research Programmes and Criteria for Cognitive Success: Some Views from Recent Philosophy of Science -- 1. Popper’s view on scientific progress -- 2. What counts as a proper prediction? -- 3. Lakatos’s view on scientific development: research programmes -- 4. Criteria for a successful research programme -- 5. Guide to the next chapters -- II. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment: The Birth of a New Research Programme -- 1. The prehistory of the nmr experiment -- 2. The nmr experiment and its underlying theory -- 3. Global significance of the nmr experiment: the birth of a new research programme -- 4. Local significance of the first nmr experiments: disconfirming the prevailing theory of the nmr phenomenon -- 5. Gorter’s bad luck, or why he did not win a Nobel prize -- III. Lakatos’s Theory and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Conceptual Adequacy of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The descriptive claims connected with Lakatos’s theory of scientific development -- 2. The nmr programme and the conceptual adequacy of Lakatos’s theory -- 3. A first modification of Lakatos’s theory -- IV. The Development of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Explanatory Failure of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The BPP theory of nuclear magnetic relaxation; its Lakatosian merits; and some methodological problems encountered in establishing such merits -- 2. Line shapes in solids -- 3. Nmr phenomena in metals -- 4. The chemical shift -- 5. A shift in liquids due to paramagnetic ions -- 6. The hyper fine splitting -- 7. Remarks on later developments of the nmr programme -- 8. Conclusions -- V. Theories from the Nmr Programme as Theories of Measurement: Resolving the Anomaly -- 1. Nmr theories as theories of measurement -- 2. The phenomena being observed in applying theories of nmr belong to other domains -- 3. The dependence of the nmr programme on extrinsic success -- VI. The Structure of Theory Development: The Nmr Programme Seen from the Structuralist Perspective -- 1. The structuralist perspective on “normal science” -- 2. The theory net representing the nmr programme -- 3. The nature of the elaboration relation 190 -- 4. Elucidation of the “conceptual” terms of Lakatos’s theory -- VII. Intrinsic Success and Extrinsic Success of Research Programmes; A Model of Scientific Development Unifying the Approaches of Lakatos and the Starnberg School -- 1. External influentiability according to the Starnberg school; two successive models -- 2. The limitations of Lakatos’s model and of the Starnberg finalization model -- 3. Intrinsic success and extrinsic success of research programmes -- 4. Links with the views of the physicists: Weisskopf, Casimir, Weinberg -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: From the nineteen sixties onwards a branch of philosophy of science has come to development, called history-oriented philosophy of science. This development constitutes a reaction on the then prevailing logical empiricist conception of scientific knowledge. The latter was increasingly seen as suffering from insurmountable internal problems, like e. g. the problems with the particular "observational-theoretical distinction" on which it drew. In addition the logical empiricists' general approach was increasingly criticized for two external shortcomings. Firstly, the examples of scientific knowledge that the logical empiricists were focusing on were con­ sidered as too simplistic to be informative on the nature of real life science. Secondly, it was felt that the attention of these philosophers of science was restricted to the static aspects of scientific knowledge, while neglecting its developmental aspects. History-oriented philosophy of science has taken up the challenge implicit in the latter two criticisms, i. e. to develop accounts of science that would be more adequate for understanding the development 1 of real life science. One of the more successful products of this branch of philosophy of science is Lakatos's theory of scientific development, sometimes called the "methodology of scientific research programmes". This theory conceives science as consisting of so called research program­ mes developing in time, and competing with each other over the issue which one generates the best explan~tions of the phenomena that they address.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4764-1
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  • 60
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    Kant and the double government methodology : Supersensibility and method in Kant's philosophy of science (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400963931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (355p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: Kant as Physician of the Soul -- Spiritual Medicine: Placebo and Prevention -- Data and Regulation -- The Anomaly of the Supersensible -- The Limits of Knowledge -- The Leibnizian Background -- Kant and DGM -- A Summary of Things to Come -- I/Metaphysical Explanation in Leibniz: The Monads -- The Monadology -- Perception and Perspective -- Results to be Noted -- The Received View of the Origins of the Monadology -- Stress Yield Points and Pain Thresholds -- A New Reading of Leibniz -- The Monads Again -- Leibniz’ Gnostic Background -- The Transition to DGM -- Some High Stress Yield Points of Leibniz -- From the Monads to Kant -- II/Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- The Methodological Angel -- Angelic Explanation -- Galileo and Plato -- The God’s-eye View -- Empirical Adequacy -- Mechanical Methodism -- Angelic Alchemy -- Angelic Logic -- A Metaphysical Problem -- A Speculative Postscript -- III/Kant, ESP, and the Inaugural Dissertation -- Kant’s Departure from Leibniz: First Stage -- Kant’s Interest in the Paranormal -- Departure from Leibniz: Second Stage -- Swedenborg, the Ghostseer -- Why did Kant Write Träume? -- Broad’s Sociological Explanation -- The Question of Anonymity -- The Second Letter to Mendelssohn -- Can Spirits be Located? -- Spiritualism in the Lectures on Metaphysics -- Supersensibility and the Inaugural Dissertation -- The Corpus Mysticum -- Sceptical Conclusions -- Afternote to This Chapter -- Appendix to Chapter III/A Translation of thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (Sect. 4) -- IV/Soemmering and Euler: Space and the Soul -- Space and the Paralogisms -- Sömmering and the sensorium commune -- Euler and the corpus callosum -- Transition to the Critical Philosophy -- V/Kant: Space and the Soul -- Kant’s Space -- The Soul Paralogized -- The Presumed Idealism/Realism Tension in Kant -- VI/Rules, Images and Constructions: Kant’s Constructive Idealism -- Prelminaries -- Kant’s Schemata as Semantical Rules -- An Example of Schematization -- Schemata and the Schwärmerei -- Schemata and Dreams -- Kant’s Constructivist Theory of Mathematics: Intuition and Sensation -- Appearances as Apparitional Contents -- Terminology Summarized -- The Epistemic Rôle of Sensations -- Construction and A Priori Intuition -- Defining and Inventing Concepts -- Application and Objectification -- Construction in Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: an Example -- Rules and Examples -- Again: the Question of Applicability -- VII/Kant’s DGM: Two Fundamental Principles of Methodology -- A World Without the Angels -- The Needs and Demands of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Noumenal -- The Regulative Employment of Ideas of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Regulative -- VIII/Kant’s DGM: Hypotheses in Science -- Double Government and Other Methodologies -- Methods as Part of the Empirical Content of Science -- Methodology: the Hypothetical and the Possible -- Methodology: Hypothesis and Explanation -- Hypothesis and Explanation -- Nature and Lawlikeness -- Points of Logic -- Hypotheses and DGM -- The Question of Ontology -- IX/Kant’s DGM: The Restoration of Teleology -- Remembering Leibniz -- The Solution of the Third Antinomy -- Two Concepts of Freedom -- Twists in a Famous Argument -- Two Unpromising Alternatives -- Again: the Epistemological Turn -- The Problem of the Thing-in-Itself in General Form -- Lewis White Beck’s ‘only way out of the dilemma’ -- Understanding and Understandability -- Teleology and the Supersensible Substrate -- The Mechanism/Teleology Antinomy -- Leibniz and Kant: the Double Government Methodology -- Central Nervous System/Philosophers as Dieticians of the Mind -- Kant’s Interest in Psychopathology -- Diseases of the Head -- The Schwärmerei in Religion -- Kant’s Late Nosology of Mental Diseases -- Kant’s Dietetic of the Mind -- A Gerontological Dietetic of the Mind -- The Point of All of This.
    Abstract: This is a book about dreaming and knowing, and about thinking that one can ascertain the difference. It is a book about the Bernards of the world who would have us believe that there is a humanly uncreated world existing en Boi that freely dis­ closes its forever fixed ontology, even though they too must accept that -many of the worlds we make as we try to under­ stand ourselves are counterfeit. It is a book about the real estate of the human mind. The book is about Leibniz and Kant, and about methods of science. It is also about what is now called pseudo-science. It tries to show how Kant struggled to mark the limits of the humanly knowable, and how thi s strug­ gle involved him in trying to answer questions of importance then and now. Some are philosophers' questions: the epistemo­ logical status of mathematics, the role of space and time in knowing, the nature of the conceptual constraints on our ef­ forts to hypothesize the possible. Some are questions of per­ ennial human interest: Can spirits exist? How is the soul re­ lated to the body? How can we legitimately talk about God, if at all? Finally, Kant teaches that these are all questions bearing on our entitlements in claiming to know. Leibniz fashioned a way of talking about nature and super­ nature that I call the Double Government Methodology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6393-1
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  • 61
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    Frege Synthesized : Essays on the Philosophical and Foundational Work of Gottlob Frege (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 181
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Logic. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- General Introduction -- Putting Frege in Perspective -- II Semantics and Epistemology -- Frege and Vagueness -- Semantic Content and Cognitive Sense -- Objectivity and Objecthood: Frege’s Metaphysics of Judgment -- Frege on Truth -- Frege on Existence -- III Logical Theory -- Frege’s Proof of Referentiality -- Frege, Russell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction -- Frege’s Technical Concepts: Some Recent Developments -- IV Philosophy of Mathematics -- Frege, Dedekind, and the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Continuity and Change in Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics -- Grundgesetze, Section 10 -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: cake, even though it is typically given the pride of place in expositions in Frege's semantics. As a part of this attempted reversal of emphasis, Jaakko Hintikka has also called attention to the role Frege played in convincing almost everyone that verbs for being had to be treated as multiply ambiguous between the "is" of identity, the "is" of predication, the "is" of existence, and the "is" of class-inclusion - a view that had been embraced by few major figures (if any) before Frege, with the exception of John Stuart Mill and Augustus De Morgan. Hintikka has gone on to challenge this ambiguity thesis. At the same time, Frege's role in the genesis of another major twentieth-century philosophical movement, the phenomenological one, has become an important issue. Even the translation of Frege's key term "Bedeutung" as "reference" has become controversial. The interpretation of Frege is thus thrown largely back in the melting pot. In editing this volume, we have not tried to publish the last word on Frege. Even though we may harbor such ambitions ourselves, they are not what has led to the present editorial enterprise. What we have tried to do is to bring together some of the best ongoing work on Frege. Even though the ultimate judgment on our success lies with out readers, we want to register our satisfaction with all the contributions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4552-4
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  • 62
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    The Prism of Science : The Israel Colloquium: Studies in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science Volume 2 (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 95
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 95
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia -- Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia: A Comment -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: Skepticism, Science and Millenarianism -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: A Comment -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism: A Comment -- Practical Reasoning -- Practical Reasoning — The Bottom Line: A Comment -- Medicine and the Boer War: Social and Political Consequences -- Medicine and the Boer War: A Comment -- Koch’s Bacillus: Was There a Technological Fix? -- Koch’s Bacillus: A Comment -- Can Genetics Explain Development? -- Eddington Centennial Symposium -- Opening Remarks -- The Nature of the Physical World Revisited -- Eddington and the Large Numbers -- The Fine-Structure Constant: From Eddington’s Time to Our Own -- Eddington and Einstein.
    Abstract: This is the second volume of Proceedings of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science. At the time that this preface is being written, the fourth annual series of lectures within the framework of the Israel Colloquium is already behind us and the fifth is underway. The Israel Colloquium thus has now not only a future to look forward to but also a past which is a source ,of pride and pleasure for those who take part in this venture. The Israel Colloquium has, I believe, struck roots in the Israeli scientific and intellectual life, while drawing on the ever-increasing readiness of the international scientific and intellectual community for continuous support. As in the first volume, here too the papers presented, taken together, attempt a threefold representation of science and of the scientific activity: the historical, the social, and the systematic. A novel focal point in this volume is the treatment of some case studies illuminating historical, social, and philosophical aspects of medicine. Another center of gravity here is the Eddington Centennial Symposium which was a main event in the Collo­ quium activity of the 1982-83 series. This is a fitting place for me to report with sorrow the untimely death in the summer of 1984 of Solly G. Cohen, one of Israel's leading scientists, who is among the contributors to this volume.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4566-1
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  • 63
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    Atom and Individual in the Age of Newton : On the Genesis of the Mechanistic World View (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400945005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 88
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 88
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems and Methods of Analysis -- 2. Science and Philosophy; Newton and Leibniz -- 3. ‘Absolute’ and ‘Relative’ Space -- 4. Newton’s Theory of Space and the Space Theory of Newtonianism -- 5. The Leibniz-Newton Discussion and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence -- One/Element and System in Classical Mechanics -- I. Newton’s Justification of the Theory of Absolute Space -- II. Leibniz’s Foundations of Dynamics -- III. The Discussion Between Leibniz and Newton on the Concept of Science -- Two/Element and System in Modern Philosophy -- IV. The Concept of Element in 17th Century Natural Philosophy -- V. The Concept of Element in the Systematic Philosophy of Hobbes -- VI. The Concept of Element in 18th Century Social Philosophy -- VII. The Relationship Between Natural and Social Philosophy in the Work of Newton, Rousseau, and Smith -- Three/On the Social History of the Bourgeois Concept of the Individual -- VIII. England Before the Revolution -- IX. The Antifeudal Social Philosophy of Hobbes -- X. The Rise of Civil Society in England -- XI. Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society -- XII. Civil Society and Analytic-Synthetic Method -- Four/Atom and Individual -- XIII. The Bourgeois Individual and the Essential Properties of a Particle in Newton’s Thought -- XIV. Element and System in the Philosophy of Leibniz -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- List of Abbreviations -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In this stimulating investigation, Gideon Freudenthal has linked social history with the history of science by formulating an interesting proposal: that the supposed influence of social theory may be seen as actual through its co­ herence with the process of formation of physical concepts. The reinterpre­ tation of the development of science in the seventeenth century, now widely influential, receives at Freudenthal's hand its most persuasive statement, most significantly because of his attention to the theoretical form which is charac­ teristic. of classical Newtonian mechanics. He pursues the sources of the parallels that may be noted between that mechanics and the dominant philosophical systems and social theories of the time; and in a fascinating development Freudenthal shows how a quite precise method - as he descriptively labels it, the 'analytic-synthetic method' - which underlay the Newtonian form of theoretical argument, was due to certain interpretive premisses concerning particle mechanics. If he is right, these depend upon a particular stage of con­ ceptual achievement in the theories of both society and nature; further, that the conceptual was generalized philosophically; but, strikingly, Freudenthal shows that this concept-formation itself was linked to the specific social relations of the times of Newton and Hobbes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4500-5
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  • 64
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    Maimonides and Philosophy : Papers Presented at the Sixth Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, May 1985 (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400944862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 114
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 114
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    Keywords: Philosophy, medieval ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: I. Philosophical Issues in Maimonides -- The Philosophical Purport of Maimonides’ Halachic Works and the Purport of The Guide of the Perplexed -- Rationality and Revelation in Maimonides’ Thought -- Maimonides’ True Belief Concerning God -- Remarks on Maimonides’ Epistemology -- Aristotle on Eternity: Does Maimonides Have a Reply? -- The Creation of the World and Maimonides’ Interpretation of Gen i-v -- Sitre ‘Arayot in Maimonides’ Thought -- The Idea of a Hoq in Maimonides’ Explanation of the Law -- Ethics and Meta-Ethics, Aesthetics and Meta-Aesthetics in Maimonides -- II. The Greco-Arabic Philosophical Context -- Islamic and Greek Influences on Maimonides’ Philosophy -- Maimonides on Causality -- Songe et prophétie chez Maïmonide et dans la tradition philosophique qui l’inspira -- Prophecy in al-Farabi and Maimonides -- Aspects of Ibn Bajja’s Theory of Apprehension -- Maimonides and Averroes on the First Mover -- III. Maimonides’ Ideas: Attitudes and Interpretations -- Maimonides and Latin Scholasticism -- Are the Founders of Religions Impostors? -- Leo Strauss et Maïmonide -- God’s Transcendence and its Schematization.
    Abstract: In the year 1985, presumed to mark the 850th anniversary of Maimonides' birth, the Sixth Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter was dedicated to Maim­ onides as philosopher. We did not enter into the other aspects of his work, rabbinical, legal, medical, etc., except in so far as the relation between his philosophy and his work in halakha (Jewish law) is itself a philosophical question. That no one is quite certain about Maimonides' date of birth is symbolic of the state of his philosophy as well. Maimonides' thought poses various enigmas, lends itself to contradictory interpretations and gives rise today, as it did in the Middle Ages, to sustained controversies. Some of the contribu­ tions to the present volume deal with these and cognate topics. Others deal with certain aspects of the philosophical tradition in which Maimonides was rooted, with some traits peculiar to the Islamic society in the midst of which he lived, and with his influence on Christian scholasticism. Maimonides' thought had many facets, and for this and other reasons the question as to his place and stature in the history of philosophy admits of no simple answer. In this volume an attempt has been made to draw atten­ tion to some of these complexities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4486-2
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  • 65
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    The Relativistic Deduction : Epistemological Implications of the Theory of Relativity (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400952119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 83
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 83
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Relativistic Deduction -- Preface -- 1. The Quantitative -- 2. Reality -- 3. The Spatial -- 4. The Principle of Inertia -- 5. Relativism, a Theory About Reality -- 6. Gravitation -- 7. Time -- 8. Electrical Phenomena -- 9. Biological Phenomena -- 10. Universal Explanation -- 11. Matter -- 12. Essence and Existence -- 13. Diversity -- 14. Interpretation -- 15. The Relativistic Imagination -- 16. The Appeal of Relativism -- 17. The Deducible and the Real -- 18. The System -- 19. Relativism and Mechanism -- 20. Rational Explanation and the Progress Of Mathematics -- 21. Progress in Making Things Rational -- 22. The Aprioristic Tendency and Experience -- 23. The Evolution of Reason -- 24. Dogmatism and Skepticism in Science -- 25. The Outlook for the Future -- Appendix 1. Review by Albert Einstein -- Appendix 2. Einstein—Meyerson Exchange -- Name Index.
    Abstract: When the author of Identity and Reality accepted Langevin's suggestion that Meyerson "identify the thought processes" of Einstein's relativity theory, he turned from his assured perspective as historian of the sciences to the risky bias of contemporary philosophical critic. But Emile Meyerson, the epis­ temologist as historian, could not find a more rigorous test of his conclusions from historical learning than the interpretation of Einstein's work, unless perhaps he were to turn from the classical revolution of Einstein's relativity to the non-classical quantum theory. Meyerson captures our sympathy in all his writings: " . . . the role of the epistemologist is . . . in following the development of science" (250); the study of the evolution of reason leads us to see that "man does not experience himself reasoning . . . which is carried on unconsciously," and as the summation of his empirical studies of the works and practices of scientists, "reason . . . behaves in an altogether predict­ able way: . . . first by making the consequent equivalent to the antecedent, and then by actually denying all diversity in space" (202). If logic - and to Meyerson the epistemologist is logician - is to understand reason, then "logic proceeds a posteriori. " And so we are faced with an empirically based Par­ menides, and, as we shall see, with an ineliminable 'irrational' within science. Meyerson's story, written in 1924, is still exciting, 60 years later.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5211-9
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  • 66
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    Philosophy and the Absolute : The Modes of Hegel’s Speculation (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400950993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 109
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 109
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Absolute knowing and presentation -- 1. Appearing science -- 2. The element of configuration -- 3. Result and presupposition -- II. Spirit and presentation -- 1. Representation within the subjective mode -- 2. Representation and intersubjectivity -- 3. Absolute self-presentation -- III. Philosophic presentation -- 1. Self-knowledge and language -- 2. Thoughts and situations -- 3. The act of presentation -- IV. Conclusion: The empty sepulchre.
    Abstract: I have purposely limited myself to a rather brief statement in this introduc­ tion, in order that the summing up be not misrepresented for the discursive development of the whole. There is something more than mildly dangerous in setting oneself a series of goals in an introduction only to find them happily attained in the conclusion, as if getting from the beginning to the end was simply a question of transition. Of course, the destination of a speculative presentation includes the process of development in such a way that the end is always implicitly the beginning: each configuration simply forms a deter­ minate moment within the on-going manifestation of the "absolute". It is around Hegel's concept of the absolute, how it is known and how it presents itself, which the bulk of our discussion turns. We may say tentatively that the absolute speaks. This speaking is the manifestation of the absolute itself, not a dissimulation or mere appearance, and consequently can be known and known most perfectly in language. In Hegel's system, this speak­ ing or discourse has exhausted itself and is complete, but in what manner this "close" is achieved remains the question which disturbs and provokes our own speech in what is to come.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5099-3
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  • 67
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    Treatise on Basic Philosophy : Epistemology & Methodology III: Philosophy of Science and Technology Part II Life Science, Social Science and Technology (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400952874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 3. Life Science: From Biology to Psychology -- 1. Life and its Study -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Moderns -- 4. Brain and Mind -- 5. Strife Over Mind -- 6. From Biology to Sociology -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 4. Social Science: From Anthropology to History -- 1. Society and its Study -- 2. Anthropology -- 3. Linguistics -- 4. Sociology and Politology -- 5. Economics -- 6. History -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 5. Technology: from Engineering to Decision Theory -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Classical Technologies -- 3. Information Technology -- 4. Sociotechnology -- 5. General Technology -- 6. Technology in Society -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5287-4
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  • 68
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    Protophysics of Time : Constructive Foundation and History of Time Measurement (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400951891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 30
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mechanics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / On the Problem of Chronometry in the Present-Day Theory of Science -- 1. Introduction: Establishment of a Reference to Known Positions in the Theory of Science -- 2. Affirmative Theory of Science and the Language of Physics -- 3. The Affirmative Theory of Measurement -- 4. Affirmative Explanations of the Choice of the Time Standard -- II / On the Method of Physics -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Method as a Validity Criterion. On the Foundational Theory of Hugo Dingler -- 3. Logic and Protophysics. On the Foundational Theory of Paul Lorenzen -- 4. On the Method of Physics -- 5. On the Criticism of Protophysics -- III / Chronometry -- 1. What Purpose Shall Time-Measurement Serve? -- 2. Moved Bodies -- 3. Comparisons of Motion -- 4. Forms of Motion -- IV / On a History of Chronometry -- 1. Preliminary Remarks: Terminological Distinction of Practical and Theoretical Chronometry -- 2. The Development of Chronology -- 3. Short History of the Water Clock -- 4. Short History of Mechanical Escapement Clocks -- 5. The Principles of Clock Construction -- 6. Time Theories -- Notes -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For protophysics, the fascinating and impressive constructive re-establish­ ment of the foundations of science by Professor Paul Lorenzen, working with his colleagues and students of the Erlangen School, no task is more central than to.furmulate a theoretical understanding of the practical art of measurement of time. We are pleased, therefore, to have a new third edition of Peter Janich's masterful monograph on the protophysics of time, available in this English translation within the Boston Studies. We also look forward to the Boston University Symposium on protophysics in april of this year within which the full program of protophysics will be critically examined by German and American physicists and philosophers, supporters and critics. We are also grateful to Paul Lorenzen for contributing his powerful instructive essay on the 'axiomatic and constructive method' which intro­ duces this book. March 1985 ROBERT S. COHEN Center for the Philosophy and History of Science Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY Department of Philosophy Barnch College City University of New York vii PAUL LORENZEN CONSTRUCTIVE AND AXIOM A TIC METHOD Mathematics is like a big building with many apartments. We have at least Arithmetic and Analysis, Algebra and Topology - and we have Geometry and Probability-Theory. Very often the tenants of these different apartments seem not to understand each other. The Bourbaki movement promised a new unity of Mathematics by admit­ ting only the axiomatic method of Hilbert as genuine mathematical.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5189-1
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    Pierre Bayle : Tome I Du pays de Foix a la Cite d’Erasme (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400950870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Seconde édition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 1
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Chapitre 1 Le Carla; le Milieu Familial 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 2 Le Carla; la Formation 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 3 Puylaurens; Toulouse; la Conversion au Catholicisme 1668–1670 -- Chapitre 4 Toulouse; le Retour à la Réforme 1670 -- Chapitre 5 Genève, Rouen, Paris; le Précepteur 1670–1675 -- Chapitre 6 Sedan; le Professeur de Philosophie 1675–1681 -- Chapitre 7 Rotterdam; les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres 1681–1685 -- Chapitre 8 Rotterdam; l’Avis important aux Réfugiez 1685–1693 -- Chapitre 9 Rotterdam; le Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 1693–1706 -- Appendice -- Additions à la première édition -- Index des additions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5087-0
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  • 70
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    Psychiatry in an Anthropological and Biomedical Context : Philosophical Presuppositions and Implications of German Psychiatry, 1820-1870 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400952133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Psychiatry ; History ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1: Anthropological Psychiatry in Germany during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The Rise and Spread of the Anthropological Viewpoint in German Psychiatry from about 1820 to about 1845 -- 2: The Mechanistic Viewpoint in Nineteenth-Century Philosophy and Science (Psychology and Physiology) -- 2.1. Mechanism: Term and Concept -- 2.2. The Philosophical Background -- 2.3. Kant and the Problem of the Relationship between Philosophy and Science -- 2.4. The Significance of Kant’s Philosophy for the Mechanistic Self-Conception of Nineteenth-Century Psychology -- 2.5. The Implications of the Natural Science Self-Concept of Psychology -- 2.6. Kant and the Problem of the Possibility or Impossibility of Scientific Psychology -- 2.7. Kant’s Influence on the Rise and Development of Nineteenth-Century Scientific Psychology -- 2.8. The Role Played by Physiology in Consolidating the Mechanistic Self-Conception in Nineteenth-Century German Science -- 2.9. Mechanism in Physiology. The Positivist Variant -- 2.10. Critical Positivism and Kantian Critical Philosophy -- 2.11. The Mechanism of Helmholtz, Du Bois-Reymond, Brücke, and Ludwig -- 2.12. Materialistic Mechanism (Vogt, Moleschott, and Büchner) -- 2.13. Schopenhauer’s and Lotze’s Criticism of Materialism and its Relevance to the Identification of the Self-Conception of the so-called ‘Materialists’ of the Eighteen-Forties -- 2.14. Schopenhauer’s Criticism of Materialism (in the Proper Sense) and Naturalism -- 2.15. Lotze’s Criticism of Materialistic Methodology -- 2.16. Schopenhauer and Lotze -- 3: W. Griesinger and the Mechanicist Conception of Psychiatry (from about 1845 to about 1868) -- 3.1. Griesinger’s ‘Apprenticeship’ (up to 1844) -- 3.2. Lotze and Griesinger -- 3.3. Griesinger’s Psychiatry in the Period 1845–68 -- 3.4. Griesinger’s Thesis of the Identity of Mental Diseases and Diseases of the Brain -- 3.5. Griesinger and Herbart -- 3.6. Herbart’s Metaphysics and Griesinger’s ‘Empirical Standpoint’ -- 3.7. Griesinger’s ‘Ego Psychology’: Assimilation of Herbartian Elements -- 3.8. Griesinger’s Relationship to Institutional Psychiatry -- 3.9. Binswanger’s Relation to (the Tradition of) Institutional Psychiatry in General and to Griesinger in Particular -- 4: Schopenhauer, Rokitansky and Lange: Towards an Explicit Philosophical Justification of German ‘Materialism’ (from about 1840) -- 4.1. Schopenhauer and Physiology -- 4.2. Some Aspects of Schopenhauer’s Theory of Knowledge -- 4.3. Rokitansky as an Exponent of Idealistic Naturalism -- 4.4. F. A. Lange (1828–75), Philosopher of Methodological Materialism -- 4.5. Conclusion -- Appendix: Main Lines in the History of Philosophy and Science Leading to ‘Classical’ Medical Anthropology and Anthropological Medicine (Psychiatry) in Germany from about 1780 to about 1820. A Philosophical and Historical Outline -- A1. The Scope of this Outline -- A2. Aristotle and the Beginnings of Anthropology -- A3. The ‘Bio-Logical’ Viewpoint in Aristotle’s Anthropology and Psychology -- A4. The Foundation of ‘Modern’ Anthropology in the Italian Renaissance -- A4.1. The Beginning of the ‘Renewal’ in Christian Humanism and Platonism -- A4.2. Aristotelian Naturalism and so-called Italian Natural Philosophy -- A5. Anthropology as the Empirical Study of Man in the Period from about 1500 to about 1660 -- A5.1. The Medical School of Thought (Anatomy, Physiology) -- A5.2. The ‘Psychological’ Variant in (Medical) Anthropology in Germany (Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries). Descartes as ‘Troublemaker’ -- A6. Summa Ignorantiae -- Notes -- Text Notes -- Appendix Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In the period between about 1820 and about 1870 German psychiatry was born and reborn: fust as anthropologically orientated psychiatry and then as biomedical psychiatry. There has, to date, been virtually no systematic examination of the philosophical motives which determined these two conceptions of psychiatry. The aim of our study is to make up for this omission to the best of our ability. The work is aimed at a very diverse readership: in the first place historians of science (psychiatry, medicine, psychology, physiology) and psychiatrists (psychologists, physicians) with an interest in the philosophical and historical aspects of their discipline, and in the second place philosophers working in the fields of the history of philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophical anthropology and philosophy of medicine. The structure and content of our study have been determined by an attempt to balance two different approaches to the historical material. One approach emphasises the philosophical literature and looks at the question of the way in which official philosophy determined the self-conception (Selbstverstiindnis) of the science of the day (Chapters 2 and 4). The other stresses the scientific literature and is concerned with throwing light on its philosophical implications (Chapters 1 and 3).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5213-3
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  • 71
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    Spinoza’s Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow & Calculation of Chances (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400950979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 108
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 108
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow -- To the Reader -- Calculation of the Rainbow -- Calculation of Chances -- First proposition -- Second proposition -- The Text -- Appendix: The authenticity and significance of the texts on the rainbow and probability -- A. Spinoza’s contemporaries -- B. The 1687 edition -- C. Background and editorial work since 1860 -- D. The significance.
    Abstract: A. THE TEXT The main importance of these two treatises lies in the insight they provide into Spinoza's conception of the relation between mathematics and certain disciplines not touched upon elsewhere in his major writings. The mathematics they involve are not the as those of the Ethics however, and the precise connection same between the geometrical order of this work and these excursions into optics and probability is by no means obvious. Add to this difficulty the knotty problems presented by their editorial his­ tory, dating and scientific background, and it is not perhaps surprising that in spite of the fact that they provide such an excellent illustration of Spinoza's reaction to certain important developments in the history of physics and mathematics, they should not, so far, have attracted much attention. They were first published in 1687 by Levyn van Dyck (d. 1695), official printer to the town council in The Hague. Printing anything by Spinoza was not without its risks, and it is probably significant that during the same year van Dyck should also have published a lengthy and elaborate refutation of Spinozism by 1 the pious and eccentric physician ]. F. Helvetius. Spinoza's name was omitted from the title-page, possibly because the editor or publisher thought that his reputation as an atheist might prejudice the sale of the booklet, and it was not until 1860 that the Amsterdam bookseller Frederik Muller (1817-1881) identified him as its author.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5097-9
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  • 72
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    Religion, Rationality and Community : Sacred and secular in the thought of Hegel and his critics (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400950511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 105
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 105
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Religion and Politics in the Philosophy of Hegel -- 1. The Opposition of Christianity and Community in Hegel’s Early Writings -- 2. The Divine Life-Process and Human Existence in Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion -- 3. The Divine Spirit in Human History -- 4. The Union of Divine and Human Subject in Sacred and Secular -- 5. A Critical Conclusion: Hegel’s Synthesis of Religion, Rationality and Community -- 2. Bauer: Atheistic Humanism and the Critique of Religious Alienation -- 1. The Foundations of Atheism -- 2. The Rights of Self-Consciousness and Political Freedom -- 3. The Psychopathology of the Religious Consciousness -- 4. Bauer’s Critique of Feuerbach: ‘Self-Consciousness’ in Opposition to ‘Species-Being’ -- 5. Conclusion: Religious Alienation and the Human Subject -- 3. Political Utopia and the Philosophy of Action -- 1. Ruge: The Realization of Philosophy and Religion in Political Action -- 2. Hess: The Transcendence of Human ‘Pre-History’ in Social Utopia -- 3. Conclusion: The Ethical Will as Creator of the Future -- 4. Schelling’s Philosophy of Mythology and Revelation -- 1. The Critique of Hegel and the Foundations of Positive Philosophy -- 2. The Doctrine of the Powers and the Philosophy of Mythology -- 3. The Process of Salvation and Secular Freedom -- 4. Conclusion: The Fate of Schelling’s Positive Philosophy -- 5. Individualism and Religious Transcendence in Kierkegaard’s Thought -- 1. The Critique of Historical Immanentism -- 2. Christianity and Secular Civilization -- 3. Kierkegaard’s Christian Utopia -- 6. Conclusion -- 1. Religion and Atheistic Humanism in the Critique of Hegel -- 2. The Ambivalence of Hegel’s Synthesis of History and the Absolute -- Notes.
    Abstract: This study is an attempt to examine the relationships between religious belief and the humanism of the Enlightenment in the philosophy of Hegel and of a group of thinkers who related to his thought in various ways during the 1840's. It begins with a study of the ways in which Hegel attempted to evolve a genuinely Christian humanism by his demonstration that the modern understanding of man as a free and rational subject derived its strength and validity from the union of God and human existence in the incarnation. The rest of this study is con­ cerned with two different forms of opposition to Hegel: first, the criti­ cal discipleship of the Young Hegelians and Moses Hess, who insisted that Hegel's notion of Christian humanism was false because religious belief was necessarily inimical to a clear consciousness of social evil and the determination to abolish it; second, the religious opposition to the Enlightenment in the thought of Schelling and Kierkegaard, which emphasized God's transcendence to human reason and the insig­ nificance of secular history. In the years leading up to the revolution of 1848, Hegel's synthesis was rejected in favour of the assertion of atheistic humanism or religious otherworldliness. Chapter One, after discussing the young Hegel's critique of the social and political effects of Christianity, examines the union of religi­ ous belief, speculative philosophy and the rational state in Hegel's mature system.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5051-1
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    Human Nature and Natural Knowledge : Essays Presented to Marjorie Grene on the Occasion of Her Seventy-Fifth Birthday (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400953499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 89
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 89
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I: Self and Society -- Love, Friendship, and Utility: On Practical Reason and Reductionism -- The “Internal Politics” of Biology and the Justification of Biological Theories -- Two Motivations for Rationalism: Descartes and Spinoza -- The Invention of Split Personalities -- Positivism, Sociology, and Practical Reasoning: Notes on Durkheim’s Suicide -- II: Interpreting the Tradition -- Adequate Causes and Natural Change in Descartes’ Philosophy -- Heidegger and the Scandal of Philosophy -- Spinoza and the Ontological Proof -- Tracking Aristotle’s Noûs -- III: Science and Explanation -- Two Kinds of Teleological Explanation -- Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity -- Anthropocentrism Reconsidered -- Location and Existence -- Forms of Aggregativity -- IV: Rencontre -- Descartes and Merleau-Ponty on the Cogito as the Foundation of Philosophy -- The Worst Excess of Cartesian Dualism -- Genius, Scientific Method, and the Stability of Synthetic A Priori Principles -- Should Hume Be Answered or Bypassed? -- V: Reflections -- In and On Friendship -- The Professional Activities of Marjorie Grene -- The Publications of Marjorie Grene -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Everybody knows Marjorie Grene. In part, this is because she is a presence: her vividness, her energy, her acute intelligence, her critical edge, her quick humor, her love of talking, her passion for philosophy - all combine to make her inevitable. Marjorie Grene cannot be missed or overlooked or undervalued. She is there - Dasein personified. It is an honor to present a Festschrift to her. It honors philosophy to honor her. Professor Grene has shaped American philosophy in her distinc­ tive way (or, we should say, in distinctive ways). She was among the first to introduce Heidegger's thought ... critically ... to the American and English philosophical community, first in her early essay in the Journal of Philosophy (1938), and then in her book Heidegger (1957). She has written as well on Jaspers and Marcel, as in the Kenyon Review (1957). Grene's book Dreadful Freedom (1948) was one of the most important and influential introductions to Existentialism, and her works on Sartre have been among the most profound and insightful studies of his philosophy from the earliest to the later writings: her book Sartre (1973), and her papers 'L'Homme est une passion inutile: Sartre and Heideg­ ger' in the Kenyon Review (1947), 'Sartre's Theory of the Emo­ tions' in Yale French Studies (1948), 'Sartre: A Philosophical Study' in Mind (1969), 'The Aesthetic Dialogue of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty' in the initial volume of the Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology (1970), 'On First Reading L'Idiot de.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5349-9
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    Epistemology & Methodology III: Philosophy of Science and Technology Part I: Formal and Physical Sciences (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400952812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 1. The Chasm between S&T and the Humanities -- 2. Bridging the Chasm -- 3. Towards a Useful PS&T -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 1. Formal Science: From Logic to Mathematics -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Mathematics and Reality -- 3. Logic -- 4. Pure and Applied Mathematics -- 5. Foundations and Philosophy -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- 2. Physical Science: From Physics to Earth Science -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Relativities -- 4. Quantons -- 5. Chance -- 6. Realism and Classicism -- 7. Chemistry -- 8. Megaphysics -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aims of this Introduction are to characterize the philosophy of science and technology, henceforth PS & T, to locate it on the map ofiearning, and to propose criteria for evaluating work in this field. 1. THE CHASM BETWEEN S & T AND THE HUMANITIES It has become commonplace to note that contemporary culture is split into two unrelated fields: science and the rest, to deplore this split - and to do is some truth in the two cultures thesis, and even nothing about it. There greater truth in the statement that there are literally thousands of fields of knowledge, each of them cultivated by specialists who are in most cases indifferent to what happens in the other fields. But it is equally true that all fields of knowledge are united, though in some cases by weak links, forming the system of human knowledge. Because of these links, what advances, remains stagnant, or declines, is the entire system of S & T. Throughout this book we shall distinguish the main fields of scientific and technological knowledge while at the same time noting the links that unite them.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5281-2
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  • 75
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    Philosophy, its History and Historiography (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400953178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Royal Institute of Philosophy Conferences 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The End of Metaphysics: Philosophy’s Supreme Fiction? -- ‘The End of Metaphysics’ and the Historiography of Philosophy -- The End of Metaphysics: A Comment -- Reply to Ayers and Manser -- Epistemology without Foundations -- Philosophy after Rorty -- Comment on Rorty -- ‘Heterodox’, ‘Xenodox’, and Hermeneutic Dialogue -- Reply to Mary Hesse -- Occultism and Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century -- Occultism and Reason -- Reply to Simon Schaffer -- First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes -- Cartesian Science in France, 1660–1700 -- Caricatures in the History of Philosophy: The Case of Spinoza -- Leibniz’s Break with Cartesian ‘Rationalism’ -- Lockean Mechanism -- Lockean Mechanism: A Comment -- Hume and the “Metaphysical Argument A Priori” -- The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Hume’s Theory of the Self -- Kant’s Refutation of Idealism -- The Hagiography of Common Sense: Dugald Stewart’s Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Reid.
    Abstract: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alternate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is h.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5317-8
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  • 76
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    Jean Buridan’s Logic : The Treatise on Supposition The Treatise on Consequences (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400952898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 27
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic ; History
    Abstract: Preface -- Buridan’s Philosophy of Logic -- Section 1. John Buridan: Life and Times -- Section 2. The Treatises -- Section 3. Meaning and Mental Language -- Section 4. The Properties of Terms -- Section 5. Sentences -- Section 6. The Theory of Supposition -- Section 7. Consequences -- Section 8. The Syllogism -- Translation. The Treatise on Supposition -- 1. Signification, Supposition, Verification, Appellation -- 2. Kinds of Significative Words -- 3. The Kinds of Supposition -- 4. The Supposition of Relative Terms -- 5. Appellation -- 6. Ampliation and Restriction -- Translation. The Treatise on Consequences -- Book I. Consequences in General and Among Assertoric Sentences -- Book II. Consequences Among Modal Sentences -- Book III. Syllogisms With Assertoric Sentences -- Book IV. Syllogisms with Modal Sentences -- Notes -- Notes. Buridan’s Philosophy of Logic -- Notes. Treatise on Supposition -- Notes. Treatise on Consequences -- Book I. Notes -- Book II. Notes -- Book III. Notes -- Book IV. Notes -- Indexes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Rules and Theorems.
    Abstract: Buridan was a brilliant logician in an age of brilliant logicians, sensitive to formal and philosophical considerations. There is a need for critical editions and accurate translations of his works, for his philosophical voice speaks directly across the ages to problems of concern to analytic philosophers today. But his idiom is unfamiliar, so editions and trans­ lations alone will not bridge the gap of centuries. I have tried to make Buridan accessible to philosophers and logicians today by the introduc­ tory essay, in which I survey Buridan's philosophy of logic. Several problems which Buridan touches on only marginally in the works trans­ lated herein are developed and discussed, citing other works of Buridan; some topics which he treats at length in the translated works, such as the semantic theory of oblique terms, I have touched on lightly or not at all. Such distortions are inevitable, and I hope that the idiosyncracies of my choice of philosophically relevant topics will not blind the reader to other topics of value Buridan considers. My goal in translating has been to produce an accurate renaering of the Latin. Often Buridan will couch a logical rule in terms of the grammatical form of a sentence, and I have endeavored to keep the translation consistent. Some strained phrases result, such as "A man I know" having a different logic from "I know a man. " This awkwardness cannot always be avoided, and I beg the reader's indulgence. All of the translations here are my own.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5289-8
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  • 77
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    The Light of Nature : Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science presented to A.C. Crombie (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400951198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 110
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 110
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: Medicine and the Life Sciences -- 1. Development of Medical Education among the Arabic-speaking Peoples -- 2. Gentile da Foligno and the Via Medicorum -- 3. Some Assumptions behind Medicine for the Poor during the Reign of Louis XIV -- 4. Buffon’s Histoire naturelle as a Work of the Enlightenment -- 5. Adam Gottlob Schirach’s Experiments on Bees -- 6. William Swainson: Types, Circles, and Affinities -- 7. A Retrospoct on the Historiography of the Life Sciences -- Two: Astronomy and Natural Philosophy -- 8. Two Astronomical Tractates of Abbo of Fleury -- 9. Pseudo-Euclid on the Position of the Image in Reflection: Interpretations by an Anonymous Commentator, by Pena, and by Kepler -- 10. Thomas Harriot’s Papers on the Calendar -- 11. Thomas Harriot’s Observations of Halley’s Comet in 1607 -- 12. Animadversions on the Origins of the Microscope -- 13. Hemsterhuis on Mathematics and Optics -- Three: The Social Framework -- 14. Galileians in Sicily: a Hitherto Unpublished Correspondence of Daniele Spinola with Domenico Catalano in Messina (1650–1652) -- 15. A Friend of Hobbes and an Early Translator of Galileo: Robert Payne of Oxford -- 16. Descartes and the English -- 17. From Corfu to Caledonia: the Early Travels of Charles Dupin, 1808–1820 -- 18. A Scotswoman Abroad: Mary Somervillc’s 1817 Visit to France -- Four: Styles in the History of Ideas -- 19. Rationality and the Generalization of Scientific Style -- 20. The Idea of the Decay of the World in the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the Pseudepigrapha -- 21. Science in Antiquity: the Indian Perspective -- 22. System-building in the Eighteenth Century -- 23. Elements in the Structure of Victorian Science, or Cannon Revisited -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Alistair C. Crombie -- General Index.
    Abstract: This volume of essays is meant as a tribute to Alistair Crombie by some of those who have studied with him. The occasion of its publication is his seven­ tieth birthday - 4 November 1985. Its contents are a reflection - or so it is hoped - of his own interests, and they indicate at the same time his influence on subjects he has pursued for some forty years. Born in Brisbane, Australia, Alistair Cameron Crombie took a first degree in zoology at the University of Melbourne in 1938, after which he moved to Je­ sus College, Cambridge. There he took a doctorate in the same subject (with a dissertation on population dynamics - foreshadowing a later interest in the history of Darwinism) in 1942. By this time he had taken up a research position with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in the Cambridge Zoological La­ boratory, a position he left in 1946, when he moved to a lectureship in the his­ tory and philosophy of science at University College, London. H. G. Andrewa­ ka and L. C. Birch, in a survey of the history of insect ecology (R. F. Smith, et al. , History of Entomology, 1973), recognise the importance of the works of Crombie (with which they couple the earlier work of Gause) as the principal sti­ mulus for the great interest taken in interspecific competition in the mid 194Os.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5119-8
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  • 78
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    The Kaleidoscope of Science : The Israel Colloquium: Studies in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science Volume 1 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400954960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 94
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 94
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: On the Empirical Application of Mathematics and Some of its Philosophical Aspects -- On the Empirical Application of Mathematics: A Comment -- Meaning and Our Mental Life -- Meaning and Our Mental Life: A Comment -- The Persecution of Absolutes: On the Kantian and Neo-Kantian Theories of Science -- Origin and Spontaneity: A Comment -- Cognitive Illusions in Judgment and Choice -- The Past of an Illusion: A Comment -- Molecular Genetics and the Falsifiability of Evolution -- On Experimental Approaches and Evolution: A Comment -- Darwin’s Principle of Divergence as Internal Dialogue -- On Darwin’s Principle of Divergence: A Comment -- Molecular versus Biological Evolution and Programming -- Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay -- On Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment -- The Group Construction of Scientific Knowledge: Gentlemen-Specialists and the Devonian Controversy -- On the Devonian Controversy: A Comment -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences: A Comment -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection is the first proceedings volume of the lectures delivered within the framework of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science, in its year of inauguration 1981-82. It thus marks the beginning of a new venture. Rather than attempting to express an ideology of the l}nity of science, this collection in fact aims at presenting a kaleidoscopic picture of the variety of views about science and within science. Three main disciplines come together in this volume. The first of scientists, the second of historians and sociologists of science, the third of philosophers interested in science. The scientists try to present the scientific body of knowledge in areas where the scientific adventure kindles the imagination of the culture of our time. At the same of course, they register their own reflections on the nature of this body time, of knowledge and on its likely course of future development. For the historians and sociologists, in contrast, science is there to be studied diachronically, as a process, on the one hand, and synchronically, as a social institution, on the other. As for the phil9sophers, finally, their contribution to this series is not meant to remain within the confines of what is usually seen as the philosophy of science proper, or to be limited to the analysis of the scientific mode of reasoning and thinking: it is allowed, indeed encouraged, to encompass alter­ native, and on occasion even competing, modes of thought.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0
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  • 79
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    The Natural Philosophy of Leibniz (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400954908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Natural Philosophy of Leibniz -- The Problem of Indiscernibles in Leibniz’s 1671 Mechanics -- Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Middle Years -- Why Motion is Only a Well-Founded Phenomenon -- Monadic Relations -- Miracles and Laws -- The Status of Scientific Laws in the Leibnizian System -- Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- Leibniz and Kant on Mathematical and Philosophical Knowledge -- Leibniz’s Theory of Time -- Leibniz and Scientific Realism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5490-8
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  • 80
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    Alphonse Merrheim : The Emergence of Reformism in Revolutionary Syndicalism, 1871 - 1925 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400951556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Political science.
    Abstract: I The Formative Years, 1871–1906 -- 1 Early Trade Unionism. From the Federation of Copper-workers to the Federation of Metalworkers 1893–1904 -- 2 French Workers and Foreign Workers. The Strikes in the Lorraine, 1905 -- 3 The Struggle for the Eight-Hour Work Day. The Strike of Hennebont, 1906 -- II The Crisis of Revolutionary Syndicalism, 1906–1914 -- 4 The Crisis in the CGT -- 5 The Crisis in the Federation of Metalworkers -- 6 Merrheim’s Intellectual Formation. The Justification for Reformism -- 7 Merrheim the CGT and Antimilitarism -- III The War and its Aftermath -- 8 The Limits of Antimilitarism -- 9 Merrheim, Jouhaux and Collaboration -- IV The Postwar Crisis, 1918–1923 -- 10 Merrheim and the New Syndicalism -- 11 The June Metalworkers’ Strike, 1919 -- 12 Merrheim’s Final Crisis -- Abbreviaiions Used in Notes -- Notes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5155-6
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