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  • München BSB  (16)
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press  (16)
  • Psychologie  (16)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511720321
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 346 pages)
    DDC: 305.23/1/096762
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    Schlagwort(e): Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: Child Care and Culture examines parenthood, infancy, and early childhood in an African community, revealing patterns unanticipated by current theories of child development and raising provocative questions about 'normal' child care in the human species. Comparing the Gusii people of Kenya, whose practices were intensively observed from the combined perspectives of social anthropology, pediatrics, and developmental psychology, with the American white middle class, the authors show how divergent cultural priorities create differing conditions for early childhood development.
    Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511628214
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 244 pages)
    Serie: European monographs in social psychology
    DDC: 302/.14
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    Kurzfassung: Humans may run faster, read less or type more quickly, simply because someone else is present. The presence of one person affects the behaviour of another: this is known as social facilitation and is one of the oldest topics in social psychology. Despite its importance this was the first book-length study of the phenomenon when it was published in 1993. Dr Guerin reviewed all work in the area from 1898 onwards, looking at both animal and human research, and developed his own theory, based on modern behaviour analysis. The book will be appreciated for its wide-ranging and balanced review of previous work on social facilitation and for the general review of the state of social psychology during the 1990s that Dr Guerin's work on the phenomenon includes. The author's theoretical stance is innovative and important, and will make the work required reading.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511552069
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 348 pages)
    Serie: Cambridge series on judgment and decision making
    DDC: 303.3/72
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    Schlagwort(e): Psychologie ; Gerechtigkeit ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: Justice, equity, and fairness are central concerns of everyday life, whether we are assessing the fairness of individual acts, social programmes, or institutional policies. This book explores how the distribution of costs and benefits determine our intuition about fairness and why individual behaviour sometimes deviates from normative theories of justice. To make any comparison, one must first state how fair distributions of resources or burdens should be made. Here, competing theories, such as utilitarianism and economic efficiency, are discussed. The chapters cover many topics including an investigation of various rules and heuristics that people use to make fair distributions; the motivation for people to conform to rules of fairness even when they conflict with self-interest; differences between the views of liberals and conservatives; societal rules for the distribution or allocation of critical or scarce resources; and implications for public policy. This mixture of theoretical and applied perspectives provides a balanced look at the psychology of justice.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511558269
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (xiii, 289 pages)
    Serie: Cambridge studies in social and emotional development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.23/0973
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    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Geschichte ; Kind ; Children / United States / Social conditions ; Children / United States / History / 20th century ; Child development / United States / History / 20th century ; Lebenswelt ; Entwicklung ; Soziale Situation ; Kind ; Kinderpsychologie ; USA ; USA ; USA ; Kind ; Soziale Situation ; USA ; Kind ; Entwicklung ; Kinderpsychologie ; Lebenswelt
    Kurzfassung: Each generation of American children across the tumultuous twentieth century has come of age in the different world. How do major historical events - such as war or the depression - influence children's development? Children in Time and Place brings together social historians and developmental psychologists to explore the implications of a changing society for children's growth and life chances. transitions provide a central theme, for historical transitions to the social transitions of children and their developmental experiences
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781139166515
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 238 pages)
    Serie: Publications of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 1
    DDC: 306
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: A full understanding of human action requires an understanding of what motivates people to do what they do. For too many years studies of motivation and of culture have drawn from different theoretical paradigms. Typically, human motivation has been modelled on animal behaviour, while culture has been described as pure knowledge or symbol. The result has been insufficient appreciation of the role of culture in human motivation and a truncated view of culture as disembodied knowledge. In this volume, anthropologists have attempted a different approach, seeking to integrate knowledge, desire, and action in a single explanatory framework. This research builds upon recent work in cognitive anthropology on cultural models, that is, shared cognitive schemas through which human realities are constructed and interpreted, while also drawing upon insights from developmental psychology, psychoanalytic theory, and social theory. Most of the research described here was conducted in the United States and deals with some of the pressing concerns - romance, marriage, parenthood, and success - of women and men from different class and ethnic backgrounds. A study of gender roles in Mexico provides comparative cross-cultural data. Several of the chapters deal with oppressive social ideologies, exploring cultural models of gender and class. The careful, in-depth case studies and innovative methods of discourse analysis used here turn up findings about the relation of ideology to people's thought and action that challenge any kind of simple social determinism.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511720468
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 306 pages)
    Serie: Cambridge studies in public opinion and political psychology
    DDC: 303.3/8
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    Schlagwort(e): Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: Drawing on a multitude of data sets and building on analyses carried out over more than a decade, this book offers a major new theoretical explanation of how ordinary citizens figure out what they favour and oppose politically. Reacting against the conventional wisdom, which stresses how little attention the general public pays to political issues and the lack of consistency in their opinions, the studies presented in this book redirect attention to the processes of reasoning that can be discerned when people are confronted with choices about political issues. These studies demonstrate that ordinary people are in fact capable of reasoning dependably about political issues by the use of judgmental heuristics, even if they have only a limited knowledge of politics and of specific issues.
    Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511527715
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 332 pages)
    Serie: Studies in emotion and social interaction. Second series
    DDC: 155.8/09598
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    Schlagwort(e): Syair Perang Siak ; Kulturvergleich ; Ethnopsychologie ; Gefühl ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: In this book, Karl G. Heider studies the cultural constructions of emotions, examining how different cultures shape ideas and talk about emotion. The main subjects of the study are the Minangkabau, a matrilineal Muslim culture of three million people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Comparative data come from the Central Javanese, also of Indonesia and reference is made to studies of American emotions. The Minangkabau have two different 'cultures of emotion', used depending on whether they are speaking their own regional language or the national language. And the Central Javanese have yet another culture of emotion when they are speaking the 'same' national language. Landscapes of Emotion will appeal to a range of readers in anthropology, psychology, sociology and Asian studies who want to understand how different cultures shape emotion.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511527647
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 312 pages)
    DDC: 305.23/5
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    Schlagwort(e): Längsschnittuntersuchung ; Abweichendes Verhalten ; Jugend ; Jugendpsychologie ; USA
    Kurzfassung: Beyond Adolescence traces the lives of adolescents and youth from the late 1960s into the late seventies and early eighties. It is unusual because of the period of time in which the study took place, as well as because of the portion of the lifespan it covers - early adulthood. Concerned with understanding the role of problem behaviour in young adulthood and the factors that influence it, the study also traces outcomes on young adulthood of earlier involvements in problem behaviour, with an emphasis on personality and social environment. The research extends and tests the theoretical framework that guided the study - Problem Behaviour Theory - and shows its usefulness for understanding young adult problem behaviour and development.
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  • 9
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    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511527722
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 337 pages:)
    DDC: 302.5
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    Schlagwort(e): Sozialpsychologie ; Interaktion ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: Sociologists generally study macrolevel institutions and social processes with little reference to the individual. Psychologists, on the other hand, tend to study individual-level processes with little reference to society. This volume, featuring contributions from influential scholars in US social psychology, brings the link between the individual and society into focus. The chapters in the volume are distinguished by their concentration on either cognitive, affective or behavioural processes. These analyses eschew the traditional psychological approach to individual-level processes and instead offer intriguing accounts of how thought, emotion and action are embedded in social context and are central to the dynamic between self and society. Together, the 14 chapters present a synthesis of theory and research that are a major force in stimulating and influencing investigations of the link between the individual and the larger society.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511565533
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 290 pages)
    DDC: 304.5
    RVK:
    Kurzfassung: This innovative book challenges the perceived view, based largely on long observation of artificially-fed chimpanzees in Gombe and Mahale National Parks, Tanzania, of the typical social behaviour of chimpanzees as aggressive, dominance seeking, and fiercely territorial. In polar opposition, all reports from naturalistic (non-feeding) field studies are of non-aggressive chimpanzees living peacefully in non-hierarchical groups, on home ranges open to all. These reports have been ignored and downgraded by most of the scientific community. By utilising the data from these studies the author is able to construct a model of an egalitarian form of social organisation, based on a fluid role relationship of mutual dependence between many charismatic chimpanzees of both sexes and other more dependent members. This highly and necessarily positive mutual dependence system is characteristic of both (undisturbed) chimpanzees and (undisturbed) humans who live by the 'immediate-return' foraging system.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511521249
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (vii, 188 pages)
    Serie: European monographs in social psychology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302/.12
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    Schlagwort(e): Cognitive dissonance ; Explanation ; Illusion (Philosophy) ; Social perception ; Selbsteinschätzung ; Selbstbild ; Erklärung ; Sozialverhalten ; Sozialpsychologie ; Soziale Wahrnehmung ; Soziale Wahrnehmung ; Selbsteinschätzung ; Sozialverhalten ; Erklärung ; Soziale Wahrnehmung ; Selbstbild ; Sozialpsychologie
    Kurzfassung: This book provides a lucid survey of the major viewpoints in social psychology concerning people's self-awareness (or lack of it), their explanations of their own actions, and their cognitive illusions and self-misunderstandings. In this readable but scholarly review, John McClure examines the major approaches to social cognition developed in America and Europe, including the more orthodox models which draw on information-processing and behavioural concepts; and the innovative approaches which draw on hermeneutic models, discourse analysis and, in particular, critical theory. The book provides a clear picture of what social psychology shows about people's awareness of the causes of their own actions. It also describes the nature of the misperceptions and cognitive distortions that underlie psychological disorders, and that contribute to people's failure to achieve their aims
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511663673
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 321 Seiten)
    Serie: Studies in emotion and social interaction. Second series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.4/4
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    Schlagwort(e): Sociolinguistics ; Adjustment (Psychology) ; Adjustment (Psychology) ; Sociolinguistics ; Soziolinguistik ; Sprache ; Kommunikation ; Anpassung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Anpassung ; Sprache ; Soziolinguistik ; Kommunikation ; Soziolinguistik
    Kurzfassung: The theory of accommodation is concerned with motivations underlying and consequences arising from ways in which we adapt our language and communication patterns toward others. Since accommodation theory's emergence in the early l970s, it has attracted empirical attention across many disciplines and has been elaborated and expanded many times. In Contexts of Accommodation, accommodation theory is presented as a basis for sociolinguistic explanation, and it is the applied perspective that predominates this edited collection. The book seeks to demonstrate how the core concepts and relationships invoked by accommodation theory are available for addressing altogether pragmatic concerns. Accommodative processes can, for example, facilitate or impede language learners' proficiency in a second language as well as immigrants' acceptance into certain host communities; affect audience ratings and thereby the life of a television program; affect reaction to defendants in court and hence the nature of the judicial outcome; and be an enabling or detrimental force in allowing handicapped people to fulfil their communicative potential. Contexts of Accommodation will appeal to researchers and advanced students in language and communication sciences, as well as to sociolinguists, anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Accommodation theory : communication, context, and consequence / Howard Giles, Nikolas Coupland, and Justine Coupland -- Audience accommodation in the mass media / Allan Bell -- Accommodation on trial : processes of communicative accommodation in courtroom interaction / Per Linell -- Accommodation in medical consultations / Richard L. Street, Jr. -- Accommodation and mental disability / Heidi E. Hamilton -- Accommodation in therapy / Kathleen Ferrara -- Accommodation in native-nonnative interactions : going beyond the "what" to the "why" in second-language research / Jane Zuengler -- Interethnic accommodation : the role of norms / Cynthia Gallois and Victor J. Callan -- Organizational communications and accommodation : toward some conceptual and empirical links / Richard Y. Bourhis
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  • 13
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511663956
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 167 pages)
    DDC: 306.4/4
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    Schlagwort(e): Kind ; Entwicklung ; Kommunikative Kompetenz ; Sozialisation ; Konversation ; Psycholinguistik
    Kurzfassung: This book provides insight into the development of the child's ability to become a competent participant in conversation. It follows efforts to apply the insights of pragmatic philosophers of language to the psychology of language development, and holds that the meaning of a communication is embedded in social life. Language use and social function are thus closely intertwined. The author combines a pragmatic analysis of the functions language can perform with an innovative empirical investigation of the development of young children's language use and sociocognitive skills. She gives a detailed description of the development of children's language between the ages of three and a half and seven, broadens the scope of theorizing about language development by placing it in relation to the development of social understanding speech problems and designing ways to solve them. As a result, a strong link between language, sociocognitive development and social development is discovered. It will be welcomed by child language specialists, developmental and social psychologists, conversation and discourse analysts, and their advanced students.
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  • 14
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    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511529696
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 275 pages)
    DDC: 302/.01/8
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: In the observational study of social systems, the major conceptual innovation of the last century was General Systems Theory. Yet the General Systems Theory conceptions of interacting social systems were doomed to remain at the prescientific level of metaphor until a set of statistical techniques were developed and applied. These techniques have come to be known as sequential analysis. Sequential analysis has as its first objective the detection of recurring sequential patterns in a stream of coding categories describing social interaction. These techniques can be employed to study the repertoires of individuals.
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  • 15
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    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511665684
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (xv, 397 pages)
    Serie: European Network on Longitudinal Studies on Individual Development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    DDC: 305.26
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    Schlagwort(e): Psychologie ; Older people / Longitudinal studies ; Aging / Psychological aspects / Longitudinal studies ; Older people / Health and hygiene / Longitudinal studies ; Lebensbewältigung ; Alter ; Zufriedenheit ; Psychosoziale Situation ; Altern ; Gesundheit ; Lebenslauf ; Alterspsychologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Alter ; Zufriedenheit ; Psychosoziale Situation ; Altern ; Gesundheit ; Altern ; Lebensbewältigung ; Lebenslauf ; Zufriedenheit ; Alterspsychologie
    Kurzfassung: More and more people live into old age. This demographic revolution underscores the fact that old age is the last uncharted and unattended phase of the life cycle. We know that old age is the last uncharted and unattended phase of the life cycle. We know very little about the strengths and weaknesses of old age or how to achieve a good balance between gains and losses, a meaningful conclusion to life. The fourth volume in a series sponsored by the European Science Foundation Network on Longitudinal Studies on Individual Development, Successful Aging presents in its first section general overviews on successful aging from psychological, sociological, and medical perspectives. The volume's second part focuses on selected areas of human functioning, such as intelligence, memory, athletics, life satisfaction, personal control, coping with illness and loss, widowhood, and mental health. The authors of the various chapters share in the view that aging is not identical with fate, but that individuals play a major role in designing their own process of aging
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Psychological perspectives on successful aging : the model of selective optimization with compensation / Paul B. Baltes and Margret M. Baltes -- Medical perspectives upon successful aging / James F. Fries -- Successful aging in a post-retired society / David L. Featherman, Jacqui Smith, and James G. Peterson -- The optimization of cognitive functioning in old age : predictions based on cohort-sequential and longitudinal data / K. Warner Schaie -- The optimization of episodic remembering in old age / Lars Bäckman, Timo Mäntylä, and Agneta Herlitz -- Peak performance and age : an examination of peak performance in sports / K. Anders Ericsson -- Personal control over development and quality of life perspectives in adulthood / Jochen Brandtstädter and Bernhard Baltes-Götz
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Successful mastery of bereavement and widowhood : a life-course perspective / Camille B. Wortman and Roxane Cohen Silver -- The Bonn longitudinal study of aging : coping, life adjustment, and life satisfaction / Georg Rudinger and Hans Thomae -- Risk and protective factors in the transition to young adulthood / Barbara Maughan and Lorna Champion -- Avoiding negative life outcomes : evidence from a forty-five year study / George E. Vaillant -- Developmental behavorial genetics and successful aging / Nancy L. Pedersen and Jennifer R. Harris
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  • 16
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511607691
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 174 pages)
    Serie: Themes in the social sciences
    DDC: 303.3/72
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    Kurzfassung: If faraway peoples have different ideas from our own, is this because they have different mentalities? Did our remote ancestors lack logic? The notion of distinct mentalities has been used extensively by historians to describe and explain cultural diversity. Professor Lloyd rejects this psychologising talk of mentalities and proposes an alternative approach, which takes as its starting point the social contexts of communication. Discussing apparently irrational beliefs and behaviour (such as magic), he shows how different forms of thought coexist in a single culture but within conventionally defined contexts.
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