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  • 1995-1999  (930)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (930)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273962
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Sector Corruption; An International Survey of Prevention Measures
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Sector Corruption: An International Survey of Prevention Measures
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’intégrité est un élément indispensable de l’environnement économique et social. Le coût de la corruption pour l’État est de mieux en mieux connu et documenté, et il est largement admis que la lutte contre la corruption et la promotion de l’intégrité publique sont essentielles à un développement économique durable. Cependant, la corruption n’est pas une cause mais une conséquence : elle est le résultat de l’échec des systèmes autant que de la malhonnêteté des individus. La prévention de la corruption est une entreprise aussi complexe que le phénomène lui-même, et elle requiert une combinaison de mécanismes notamment de bons systèmes de gestion de la déontologie, des techniques spécifiques de prévention ainsi que des lois efficaces, et efficacement appliquées. La connaissance des systèmes légaux, de fonction publique et de gestion en place dans un nombre significatif de pays est donc d’une valeur inestimable pour qui veut prendre des mesures contre la corruption. Cet ouvrage passe en revue les mesures prises par 15 pays de l’OCDE pour protéger leurs institutions publiques nationales contre la corruption. Il va de pair avec L’éthique dans le service public : Questions et pratiques actuelles, OCDE, 1996.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280182
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies; Part III; Case Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies: Part III: Case Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les pays de l’OCDE continuent de consacrer d’importantes sommes au financement de mesures destinées à soutenir l’agriculture, le secteur de l’énergie, les transports et l’industrie. Or bon nombre de ces mesures ont pour effet de stimuler les émissions de polluants, la production de déchets et la surconsommation de ressources naturelles, tout en grevant les budgets publics. Une bonne partie des sommes destinées au soutien risque en outre de passer dans d’autres secteurs de l’économie sans jamais atteindre leurs destinataires. Dans ces conditions, la réforme ou la suppression de ces mesures de soutien apparaît triplement avantageuse puisqu’elle permettrait un gain d’efficacité économique, une réduction des dépenses publiques et une amélioration de la qualité de l’environnement.On trouvera dans cette publication huit études de cas réalisées dans le cadre de l’étude consacrée par l’OCDE aux effets des mesures de soutien sur l’économie et, partant, sur l’environnement. Ces études de cas analysent les effets d’un certain nombre de dispositifs de soutien dans les pays de l’OCDE ainsi que les possibilités de réforme. Elles permettent de mieux comprendre comment les différents éléments constitutifs de ces dispositifs et le secteur auquel ils s’appliquent interagissent avec d'autres facteurs au détriment de l’environnement. De nombreux secteurs sont passés en revue, notamment l’agriculture, l’énergie, les transports, l’industrie et la métallurgie.Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans une série de trois volumes ; les deux premiers volumes s'intitulent : Réduire les subventions pour améliorer l'environnement : partie I, Résumé et Conclusions et partie II, Analyse et Synthèse des études.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Finlande 1999
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Why decentralise the public employment service? What are the reasons for the increasing reliance on local management approaches in designing and implementing employment policies? These trends are not merely institutional changes, rather they reflect a change in strategy. To enhance the effectiveness of employment policy, governments attempt to provide greater flexibility in implementation, adapt national policies to local conditions, and stimulate involvement from all stakeholders. The impact of these reforms is widespread. They effect the role of the state, the division of power between government layers, and, most of all, employment itself. This book provides the most comprehensive set of employment practices and experiences currently implemented in 26 countries available to date. A wide range of area-based approaches illustrates the need for flexible and specific answers to adapt to local conditions. To complete the picture, summary chapters outline new trends and common challenges governments face in designing and optimising employment policy decentralisation. It brings together papers from a Conference held in Venice in April 1998. [Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges] is essential reading for policy-makers, practitioners and all local actors involved in employment policies.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The once booming dynamic economies in Asia were drawn into a whirlpool of business failures and economic devastation following the flotation of the Thai baht in July 1997, and the consequent collapse of asset prices and currency depreciations in several East Asian countries. High growth in these emerging market economies had masked important structural weaknesses that eventually triggered the economic slump now referred to as the Asia Crisis. To address the structural measures needed to restore sustained economic growth and stability in the crisis-affected countries, this book brings forth analyses and recommendations on the crisis from internationally respected economists and policy makers and the OECD. Overall, experts conclude that, to deal with the crisis and alleviate social distress, structural reforms of government, business and the financial sector must be undertaken rapidly. Such reforms must be established with a long-term view to protect these and other countries from future crises. Economic recovery in Asia is a high priority for the OECD. As an international organisation with experience across a broad range of structural issues, it is a unique forum for the exchange of views on national experiences with policy reforms and possible improvements in the functioning of financial markets. In November 1998, the OECD's Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) held the symposium that led to this publication. Experts from OECD Member and non-member economies attended the symposium. This publication assembles their contributions and provides insight into the possible role of the OECD in promoting economic recovery in the region.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264073289
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Plant life management is becoming an increasingly important topic both in nuclear power plant operations and in international discussions on the role of nuclear energy. As in many other aspects of nuclear power plant operations there is much to be learned by international comparisons of practices. This five-language glossary of terminology (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish) is intended to assist utility operators and regulators in OECD countries, and more generally to help readers benefit as much as possible from international experience.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: To further benefit from trade liberalisation, developed and developing countries must get their policies right, in trade and other spheres, such as the web of domestic regulations that affect commerce within and between countries. In the run-up to the November 1999 WTO Ministerial in Seattle, Washington, and a possible new round of multilateral trade negotiations, a Conference on trade and competition was held on 29-30 June 1999 at the OECD to explore the various options towards better coherence between trade and competition policies. This Conference provided OECD countries and 30 non-member countries, academics and representatives of business, trade unions and advocacy groups a unique opportunity to discuss ways to strengthen trade and competition policies in the interests of more open global markets. They examined the effects of trade measures on competition. They also debated whether private anticompetitive practices, and certain domestic regulations, point to the need for multilateral trade and competition rules. This publication summarises those discussions and includes keynote addresses by Sir Leon Brittan and U.S. Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust Joel Klein, as well as an issues paper drafted by the OECD Secretariat to serve as a background note for the Conference.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264474222
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Grundsätze der Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En la última década el mundo ha sido testigo de transformaciones significantes del papel que juega el sector privado en el desarrollo de la economía y en la creación de empleos. Debido a que cada vez más países adoptan enfoques basados en mercado a la política económica, ha aumentado la conciencia de la importancia de corporaciones privadas para el bienestar de los individuos.Un buen régimen de gobierno corporativo ayuda a afirmar que las corporaciones utilizan su capital de manera eficaz. El buen gobierno corporativo ayuda además a asegurar que las corporaciones toman en cuenta los intereses de un amplio rango de componentes, al igual que para comunidades con las que operan, y que sus Juntas de Administración son responsables con la compañía y los accionistas. Ello ayuda a asegurar que las corporaciones operen para el beneficio de la comunidad. Ayuda a mantener la confianza de los inversionistas -trátese de nacionales o extranjeros - y a atraer capitales estables y a largo plazo.Los "Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades" fueron aprobados por los Ministros en la reunión del Consejo de la OCDE a nivel ministerial del 26-27 de mayo de 1999. Estos Principios responden al mandato dado a la Organización por el Consejo de la OCDE reunido a nivel ministerial del año 1998 a fin de definir normas y directrices de un sistema de gobierno de empresas de calidad.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264174016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: As the 20th century draws to a close, powerful forces of change are converging that could set the stage for a long, sustained economic boom in the next few decades -- the transition to a knowledge-based society with its potentially huge productivity gains; the emergence of more deeply integrated, global markets for goods, services, capital and technology; and a fast-growing environmental awareness that could greatly accelerate the shift to new, less resource-intensive production and consumption patterns. The result could be several decades of above-average economic growth, substantial increases in income and wealth, and significant improvements in well-being across the world. But what will it take to unleash these dynamic forces? Not only will it call for a range of initiatives to establish the rules and frameworks for guiding the transition to a sustainable global knowledge economy, but above all, it will require exceptional efforts among decision makers in government, business and society at large to encourage continuous innovation, creativity and high levels of investment, and to promote bold new approaches to closer international co-operation and institution building. Inevitably some countries will benefit more than others, but a long boom with all its wealth creating capacity would offer a unique opportunity to reverse the trends of the last decades towards deepening inequality and exclusion. This book reviews the forces driving economic and social change in today's world. It asesses the likelihood of a long boom materialising in the first decades of the 21st century and explores the strategic policies essential for making it happen.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lithuania
    Keywords: Governance ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Le 11 mars 1990, le Conseil suprême a adopté la loi fondamentale provisoire de la République de Lituanie, qui a été considérée comme la constitution et a suspendu de ce fait la constitution antérieure du 12 mai 1938. La loi fondamentale provisoire ne représentait toutefois qu’un Acte constitutionnel à caractère provisoire ; elle ne modifiait point la structure du pouvoir de l’État, et toutes les institutions propres à un État démocratique n’étaient pas rétablies. La loi fondamentale provisoire est restée en vigueur jusqu’à l’automne 1992. Le 25 octobre 1992 les citoyens ont voté dans un référendum pour approuver la constitution de la République de Lituanie, qui a rétabli toutes les institutions traditionnelles de l’État, à savoir le Seimas, le président, le gouvernement et les tribunaux. La constitution a en outre introduit de nouvelles institutions pour aider au fonctionnement démocratique de l’État, notamment la cour constitutionnelle, le médiateur et le contrôle d’État. Le statut de la cour constitutionnelle et les procédures de mise en oeuvre de ses pouvoirs sont fixés par la loi sur la cour constitutionnelle de Lituanie adoptée par le parlement le 3 février 1993. La constitution a également introduit le principe de l’autonomie des collectivités locales.
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  • 11
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Slovakia
    Keywords: Governance ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: La Slovaquie a été créée comme État souverain indépendant le 1er janvier 1993. Depuis la dissolution de la République fédérative tchèque et slovaque, la Slovaquie s’est principalement attachée à transformer une économie centralisée en économie de marché, à réformer l’administration publique, à adopter des lois constitutionnelles et des textes garantissant les libertés et les droits fondamentaux, à harmoniser son système juridique pour le rendre conforme aux normes de l’Union européenne, à mettre l’accent sur la coopération avec l’Union européenne dans les domaines de l’économie, de la culture, de la défense et de l’action humanitaire, et à devenir membre de l’Union européenne. Les premières élections législatives ont eu lieu en septembre 1994.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.218
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: This document examines Norwegian policy on managing natural and environmental resources. These issues, and more generally the challenges of sustainable development, are primary concerns of the authorities in Norway, a country richly endowed with natural resources. Substantial action has been taken, as can be seen in the development of an integrated institutional framework and in the major efforts undertaken to co-ordinate government policies in this area. The investment of a large share of the rent from oil and gas in foreign financial assets should help ensure the inter-generational balance. Norway’s leading role in fostering international co-operation on fisheries and environmental management — where problems often extend beyond national boundaries — also reflects an engagement mindful of the needs of present and future generations. Within the country, the government has succeeded in reducing the emissions of a large number of pollutants. But measures still need to become more ...
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes européens d'administration publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper attempts to identify the standards to which EU candidate countries are expected to conform in order to align their public administrations with those of EU Member States. Originating from SIGMA’s work on public administration reform in central and eastern European countries, in particular civil service development and administrative control, the paper describes an important part of the basis of the SIGMA methodology for assessing candidate countries’ public administration capacities.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9264174044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Trade and competition policies
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.219
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reports estimates of a reduced form relationship explaining inflation in terms of the output gap and import price inflation for most OECD countries. Results are reported both for single equation estimation on a country-by-country basis and using a system estimation technique in order to impose common parameters across countries where such restrictions are consistent with the data. A striking feature of the results is that most of the countries accept a common sacrifice ratio ...
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.36
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD health-care systems confront the dual challenge of containing costs and maximising the health of their populations. The effectiveness of health-care provision in fostering longer and healthier lives is therefore of fundamental importance. In order to respond to these challenges, policy makers are demanding more and better information on health outcomes. Therefore, this paper presents a summary of the current state-of-the-art in health outcome indicators for monitoring population health status and for evaluating the performance and effectiveness of various health policies and medical-care interventions. The paper begins by developing a framework for classifying the range of indicators that have been put forward to measure health outcomes. It then illustrates the potential value of different indicators for policy making within this framework and describes some recent trends in health status in OECD countries ...
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les constructions scolaires aux États-Unis
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The following is taken from the “Annual School Construction Report, January 1999” written by John B. Lyons of the United States Department of Education.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Utilisation de l'espace : Et si nous changions de pédagogie ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A Sydney University, Australia, case study by John Simmons, Facilities Management Office, University of Sydney, and Kenn Fisher, Woods Bagot Architects, Australia.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264173361
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et internationalisation de l'enseignement supérieur
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: For many universities and other higher education providers, internationalisation is becoming an integral aspect of their teaching, research and public service roles. And institutions are increasingly operating in a global market in which quality assurance and assessment are particularly important and sensitive issues. This book discusses some of the challenges of ensuring quality in internationalisation, and provides a framework to assist institutions in designing and reviewing their own strategies and policies. Analysis of the evolving policy environment is contributed by internationally recognised experts; and case studies from Australia, Finland, Kenya, Mexico, Poland and the United States are included. The book also presents the Internationalisation Quality Review Process (IQRP), a unique practical tool for institutional leaders and managers who wish to develop the international dimension of their programmes and services.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.214
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: A successful reform of public enterprises would improve productivity in key sectors of the Greek economy, and thus provide essential inputs at lower cost to the economy as a whole. Reforms would need to address the factors that are responsible for the poor performance of Greek public enterprises. First, labour costs are high and productivity low in international comparisons. Second, there are wide technology gaps between Greece and other OECD countries. Third, Greece’s public enterprises fulfil heavy public service commitments without matching compensation. As a result, prices are often out of line with prices elsewhere. In recognition of the large drag on the economy, as well as the burden on the budget, the Government has embarked on a programme to revitalise inefficient public enterprises. The objective of this paper is to analyse the main issues concerning the public enterprise sector and assess the current policy framework, as well as planned changes to it. First, the key ...
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173606
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: Lifelong Learning for All, the report emerging from the meeting of OECD Education Ministers signals their own commitment to advancing further this orientation in national education systems. Subsequent meetings of Labour and Social Affairs Ministers endorsed the relevance of a lifelong learning approach to address important aspects of labour and social policy issues. This report is the first country study organised in the form of an education policy review. It analyses the obstacles and challenges encountered thus far in adapting a lifelong learning approach to policy making in education and training from pre-school to adult education and retraining. Particular attention is given to education and the economy, regional development, new forms of distance education and financing.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264172999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The use of ion beams in nuclear research is well established, with many facilities and networks of experts active in the field. Applications for ion beams are expanding, in particular in the development of new materials, biotechnology and the creation of new isotopes. Positron beams are likewise a very powerful tool for observing and influencing microscopic material structures, as well as for medical diagnosis. The combined utilisation of ion and positron beams is expected to open up new horizons in the areas of material science and biotechnology. These proceedings provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, and highlight areas for future international co-operation.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: It was a financial crisis, or was it? Did a band of speculators and money-changers pull the rug out from under the Thai, Malaysian, Philippine, Indonesian and Korean economies, thereby trashing the Asian Miracle? Or were more profound, longer-term pressures building in these economies which finally boiled over in 1997? In this book, the OECD explodes the myth of conspiracy and evil design, showing that well-intentioned and previously successful economic policies put the Asian economies at risk. Generous support for heavy and high-tech industries created "turnkey" companies with an excessive reliance on imported technology and inputs. In many cases, the success of these industries came at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprises, and more generally of the ability to foresee and respond to the need for adjustment. There were also detrimental effects as traditionally strong parts of these economies lost their competitive edge due to limitations in technological linkages coupled with upward pressures on wage costs and appreciating exchange rates. The book shows that the Asian breakdown had far-reaching structural global implications extending beyond the financial sphere. In examining the policy implications, the OECD argues that far-reaching industrial reforms are needed to accompany the measures being taken to address the financial aspects of the crisis. Learning the lessons from these reforms will reduce the risk of similar crashes in the future.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264173859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues. Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive waste minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264173750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Vol. 1; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2; Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book, the result of the OECD York Workshop in the United Kingdom attended by some of the leading experts in the field, examines two key aspects of developing environmental indicators for agriculture. One discusses the identification and design of suitable indicators, the methodology to be used in their measurement and issues relating to interpretation. The other looks at how governments and other users would use indicators for policy purposes.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264173385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Kernbrennstoff ; Plutonium
    Abstract: Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defense needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop. This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: More than 75 000 people are killed each year on rural roads in OECD countries; this represents about 60% of fatal road crashes. This loss of lives has an economic cost of around US$135 billion per year. The relative share of rural road fatalities in total road fatalities has risen from less than 55% in 1980 to more than 60% in 1996. While there has been a reduction in the total number of road fatalities in OECD countries during the past 20 years, it is clear that safety improvements on motorways and urban roads have been more successful than those on rural roads. Following an in-depth review of the characteristics of road crashes in rural areas, the book proposes a series of safety measures, focusing on infrastructure management, enforcement, innovative tools, such as intelligent transport systems, and trauma management. The book strives to raise the awareness of road users, decision makers and politicians of the importance of road safety in rural areas. It is a very useful handbook for local, regional or national authorities seeking to improve -- sometimes at very low cost -- safety on rural roads.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the driving forces binding countries into closer economic interdependence. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental implications, in particular the impacts on environmental quality in the investment host country. A broader issue is the role of FDI in promoting sustainable development. To date, much of the debate has been polemical in nature. This volume moves the debate forward by analysing in a clear and considered manner the key issues in the FDI and environment relationship. Empirical evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries is presented and the strengths and weaknesses of policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors' environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments on the environment is examined. Best practices in this area are highlighted. The papers were presented at the OECD Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment held in January 1999 in The Hague.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264573192
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschland leistet im Bereich der Stadtentwicklungspolitik seit langem Pionierarbeit. Es hat sich eine nachhaltige städtische Entwicklung zum Ziel gesetzt, um die vielfältigen wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und umweltbezogenen Herausforderungen, vor die sich die Städte gestellt sehen, in den Griff zu bekommen. So sind integrierte Politikkonzepte und innovative Maßnahmen eingeführt worden, um die Wiederbelebung der Stadtzentren zu fördern und mit dem Wachstum der Vorstädte, dem zunehmenden Kfz-Verkehr und dem sozialen Wandel fertig zu werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung analysiert diese Initiativen unter Berücksichtigung der für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale, d.h. seines föderalen Systems, des Vereinigungsprozesses und der polizentrischen Städtestruktur.Über die für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale und Schlußfolgerungen hinaus plädiert diese Studie für ein integriertes und zukunftsorientiertes multisektorales Konzept, das sich nicht allein an wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen orientiert und konkrete Antworten auf die Kernfrage liefert, wie die Stadt der Zukunft aussehen soll.
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  • 30
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participatory Governance: The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Renforcer le pouvoir des populations défavorisées est un élément déterminant pour lutter efficacement contre la pauvreté. • Une approche participative reposant sur la demande accroît l'efficience et l'efficacité. • L'obligation de rendre des comptes est le pivot de la gouvernance participative. • Pas de véritable gouvernance participative sans un réel développement des capacités.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Foreign direct investment and the environment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltschutz
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estonie
    Keywords: Governance ; Estonia
    Abstract: The constitution establishes the principle of legal continuity of the Republic of Estonia, which was proclaimed independent on 24 February 1918, occupied by the Soviet Union on 17 June 1940 and subsequently annexed thereto on 6 August 1940. The constitution reflects the idea of legal restoration, which served as a basis for the return to independence and liberation from the Soviet Union on 21 August 1991. The Riigikogu has recently begun to consider the results of a review carried out by the government expert committee on constitutional revision. The committee’s proposals, if adopted, would not alter the basic principles of the constitution but would reinforce the parliamentary and constitutional system of government. The most important proposals are the establishment of a separate constitutional court, reinforcement of civil control over the defence forces, and attribution of the powers of an ombudsman to the legal chancellor. Moreover, amendments may have to be made in view of the accession of Estonia to the European Union; these amendments touch upon a basic principle of the constitution, the principle of sovereignty.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bulgaria
    Keywords: Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: La République de Bulgarie a été rétablie en janvier 1990 après les amendements apportés à la constitution d’inspiration communiste qui ont mis fin au régime de parti unique du Parti communiste bulgare, et la conclusion de l’accord résultant d’une table ronde entre le gouvernement communiste et les représentants de l’opposition démocratique. La nouvelle constitution bulgare a été adoptée par la Grande Assemblée nationale en juillet 1991. Elle a marqué le retour à une démocratie pluripartite. Depuis le commencement de la transformation démocratique en Bulgarie, quatre élections législatives générales ont eu lieu, à savoir les élections à ce que l’on a alors appelé la Grande Assemblée nationale de juin 1990, puis les élections à l’assemblée nationale en octobre 1991, décembre 1994 et dernièrement avril 1997. Les prochaines élections législatives sont prévues pour le printemps 2001. Les élections présidentielles ont eu lieu en janvier 1992 et novembre 1996. Les prochaines élections présidentielles se dérouleront en automne 2001. Les élections démocratiques locales ont eu lieu en octobre 1991 et novembre 1995, et les prochaines élections locales se dérouleront en automne 1999.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264080072
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Promotion in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Hacia donde está orientada la política de inversión en América Latina en el presente entorno financiero? Cuáles son las perspectivas para desarrollar un marco multilateral para las reglas de inversión y como se involucraría el continente Latinoamericano en este esfuerzo? Cómo formular una adecuada política y un entorno regulador apropiado para la atracción de la inversión extranjera directa en América Latina? Estos fueron los principales temas de discusión del taller celebrado en Lima, Perú: “Política y Promoción de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina” organizado en diciembre, 1988 por la OCDE y la Comisión de la Unión Europea con la cooperación del Gobierno Peruano. Esta copilación de los principales textos del taller constituye un trabajo de referencia en política de inversión extranjera para expertos del sector público y representantes del sector privado y académico; tanto de los países emergentes como de los países miembros de la OCDE
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plans de gestion des actifs scolaires au Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Provisional Guidance on Asset Management Plans (AMPs) for schools was published by the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in August 1998. These plans will help English Local Education Authorities (LEAs) to identify, agree and address the most urgent and important priorities in their school capital programmes, and to help in their longer term planning and management of the school estate. They will also help to underpin LEA applications to DfEE for capital support.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Needs Analysis in Belgium's Flemish Community
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Confrontée à des besoins croissants en matière de constructions scolaires et à un grave manque de ressources, la Communauté flamande de Belgique a entrepris une enquête sur les besoins à tous les niveaux de l’enseignement. Cet article présente la méthodologie utilisée pour cette enquête, ses conclusions et ses conséquences pour la politique de constructions scolaires de la communauté flamande.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.225
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Swedish universal welfare model relies on a high tax level to finance a variety of transfers to the workingage population both in the form of income replacements and income supplements and as services for health-, child- and elderly care. The available evidence, reviewed in this Working Paper, indicates that the system has powerful redistributive properties. However, the efficiency costs of the system are substantial. Taxes and benefits combine to face income earners with high effective tax rates and the unemployed with little reward from moving into employment, resulting in a declining intensity in the utilisation of labour. A complex tax code arising out of a significant difference in tax rates for labour and capital income impedes the establishment and expansion of enterprises. An internationally-high taxation of capital income acts as an impediment to savings and the development of the domestic market for risk capital. To these domestic distortions has to be added the ...
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264173378
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Over the last 50 years particle accelerators have evolved from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to investigating the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use particle accelerators for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These workshop proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluating advancements and discussing further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Universities and other tertiary institutions maintain buildings, sites and communications infrastructure worth many millions of dollars. A more strategic approach to asset management is essential for success in a new environment, where tertiary education is becoming increasingly competitive, direct public funding is being cut back and technology and globalisation are bringing new challenges. What impact will new information technology have on space requirements? What steps can institutional managers take to manage risks in rapidly-changing circumstances? In what ways is the role of facilities managers changing, and what skills and tools will be required for them to do their job more effectively in the future? This book provides some answers to these questions and shows how the resources invested in facilities can be made to work more efficiently in the pursuit of institutional objectives. It is based on the proceedings of an international workshop that examined current trends in tertiary education policy: a more open market, student-centredness and user choice, lifelong learning and the blurring of sectoral differences.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264172586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Environmental permits have played a major role in improving industry's environmental performance across the last few decades. Because they adopt a precautionary approach during the setting of environmental requirements, permitting strategies have also favoured pollution prevention. However, current permitting systems will have to adapt to address growing pressures on the environment. How are OECD countries currently meeting this challenge? What are the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in OECD countries? This publication's three volumes give new insights into these questions. Volume 1 contains a policy study entitled Environmental Requirements for Industrial Permitting: Approaches and Instruments. This report is the first comprehensive review of permitting practices for industry in OECD Member countries. It explores the principles behind environmental permits and identifies major trends in their use. In particular, the report examines how technology-based requirements and environmental quality objectives are used together to develop permit conditions. Results are also presented from four sectoral case studies of the iron and steel, metal finishing, pulp and paper, and oil refining industry . Volume 2 contains the proceedings of an unprecedented OECD workshop on "Environmental Permitting of Industrial Facilities". This international workshop brought together nearly 100 government experts, regulators, permit writers, industry permit holders and other private sector representatives from OECD Member and Observer countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. Considering the wide range of policies, practices and viewpoints discussed, the workshop represented a significant step toward a mutual international understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current environmental permitting systems. Volume 3 provides a valuable reference guide on regulatory approaches to environmental permitting in OECD countries. It presents the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in eighteen OECD Member countries, the European Union and other international organisations.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The United Kingdom's School Asset Management Plans
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Des instructions relatives à la mise en œuvre de Plans de gestion des actifs (AMP) concernant les établissements scolaires ont été publiées par le ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Emploi du Royaume-Uni en août 19981. Ces plans aideront les autorités locales de l’enseignement (LEA) à identifier, approuver et traiter les priorités les plus urgentes et les plus importantes de leurs programmes d’équipements scolaires et ils leur seront également utiles dans l’aménagement et la gestion à plus long terme du patrimoine scolaire. Ils contribueront également à appuyer les demandes d’aides financières adressées par les LEA au ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Emploi.
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  • 42
    Language: French
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. After-Hours Use of Schools
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’expérience d’un certain nombre de pays de l’OCDE montre aujourd’hui comment l’utilisation des écoles en dehors des heures de classe peut améliorer les résultats des élèves en leur donnant davantage de temps pour étudier, enrichir le programme scolaire par des activités hors programme, donner aux adultes des possibilités de développement personnel ou de formation et offrir à la population en général un cadre bien situé qui puisse être le centre de la vie collective. Les pratiques actuelles dans ce domaine en Belgique, au Canada, aux États-Unis, en France, en Irlande, au Royaume-Uni, en Suisse et en Turquie sont décrites dans cet article.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Development ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Reform in Viet Nam is a protracted process. Beginning in 1979, it experienced both advances and reversals until 1986, a sudden acceleration in 1989-91, then gradualism hampered by a deepening entrenchment of interests in positions both for and against further liberalisation. A stop-go cycle has developed in which the new incentives and opportunities resulting from reform are sufficient to block broad reversion to earlier phases, but comprehensive advances would seem to depend on the occurrence of deeply unfavourable shocks. When crisis has seriously undermined performance, leaders have embraced reform to shore up legitimacy, while in good times they have tended to disagree over the long-term risks of reform and how to deal with those risks ...
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264273795
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1999 Issue 1; Special Issue on The Global Research Village
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1999 Issue 1: Special Issue on The Global Research Village
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Roumanie
    Keywords: Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: Since the revolution of December 1989, Romania has returned to democratic traditions, a multi-party system and a market economy. Democratic parliamentary and presidential elections were held in 1990, 1992 and 1996. The latest parliamentary elections of November 1996 were won by the Democratic Convention of Romania (CDR), an alliance of the National Peasant Christian Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, the Romanian Ecologist Party, and organisations and formations of civil society.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1999/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Following the revision of the Oslo Manual (1997) and the preparation of the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2), a number of OECD and NESTI observer countries have carried out (or are preparing) new innovation surveys. According to national policy needs, these new national innovation surveys may or may not fully follow the Oslo Manual methodology and/or the proposed CIS-2 questionnaire prepared by EUROSTAT in co-operation with national experts and the OECD. The following document is intended to provide the main characteristics of national innovation surveys carried out (or intended to be carried out) in 1997-99 in OECD non-CIS-2 participants and NESTI observer countries. After a summary description of all national innovation surveys (including CIS-2 participants), more detailed information is presented by country for non-CIS-2 participants. This basic information will be helpful in evaluating the extent to which internationally comparable information could be expected from ...
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Romania
    Keywords: Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: Depuis la révolution de décembre 1989, la Roumanie est revenue à des traditions démocratiques, à un système de partis multiples et à une économie de marché. Des élections législatives et présidentielles démocratiques ont eu lieu en 1990, 1992 et 1996. Les dernières élections législatives ont été remportées par la Convention démocratique de Roumanie (CDR), alliance du Parti national chrétien paysan et démocrate, du Parti national libéral, du Parti écologiste roumain et de diverses organisations et formations de la société civile.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.1999/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Evidence of public concerns about globalisation is pervasive -- in the newspapers, on the Internet and more formal discussions of public policy. The business community has been attempting to position itself with respect to these concerns. Indeed, voluntary efforts to define and implement appropriate standards for business conduct constitute one of the more prominent managerial developments in recent years. These efforts have also often involved significant contributions from NGOs, governments and intergovernmental organisations. The issuance of voluntary codes of conduct has been an important facet of these developments. Such codes are voluntary expressions of commitment made by an organisation to influence or control behaviour for the benefit of the organisation itself and for the communities in which it operates. Private companies and associations of companies have issued such codes, calling them codes of conduct, ethics statements or guidelines, in response to both internal and ...
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educational Facilities in Korea
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Un programme de modernisation des bâtiments et des installations scolaires est actuellement entrepris en Corée afin de mieux répondre aux besoins actuels d’enseignement.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.221
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Widening imbalances in current account positions across some of the major OECD economic areas have raised concerns about related increases in protectionist sentiments. This paper reviews recent trends in market openness indicators and assesses whether barriers to international trade and investment have risen. It finds that tariffs, the most transparent form of protection, have fallen steadily over a long period. Usage of non-tariff barriers also declined up to 1996. But despite these developments most OECD countries continue to highly protect certain sectors such as agriculture. The paper reviews in some depth the incidence, geographical distribution and product composition of anti-dumping initiations, since their use as disguised protection is feared. Against the background of a general decline in direct trade restrictions the paper shows, using a variety of indicators the steady - albeit uneven across sectors and countries - improvement in market openness. The study also examines ...
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les activités extra-scolaires au Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In spring 1999, the United Kingdom launched a major initiative that will extend the use of school buildings. Good schools in both public and private sectors have always engaged in recreational and learning activities outside normal school hours. The government has now decided to invest 200 million pounds of National Lottery money to enable schools in deprived and underachieving areas to develop or expand such initiatives.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264272088
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce; Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le commerce électronique sur Internet est apparu il y a seulement trois ans, mais il est porteur de transformations radicales de l'espace marchand. Il va modifier la façon dont l'activité économique est conduite. Les fonctions traditionnelles des intermédiaires vont être remplacées, des produits et marchés nouveaux vont se développer, et des relations nouvelles vont se nouer entre les entreprises et les consommateurs. L'organisation du travail s'en trouvera modifiée et de nouveaux canaux de diffusion du savoir et des échanges interpersonnels sur le lieu de travail vont se créer. Les fonctions et les qualifications des travailleurs se redéfinissant, ces derniers devront faire preuve de plus de flexibilité et d'adaptabilité. Les changements induits par le commerce électronique ont une portée considérable. Ils exigent de nouveaux cadres pour la conduite des transactions commerciales ainsi qu'un réexamen des politiques gouvernementales à l'égard du commerce et des qualifications. Qu'est-ce que le commerce électronique ? Quelle est la situation actuelle du commerce électronique et comment devrait-elle évoluer à l'avenir ? Quels sont les facteurs qui stimulent son développement et quels sont ceux qui le freinent ? Quelle est son incidence sur les coûts, les prix et, au bout du compte, l'efficience économique ? Dans quelle mesure affecte-t-il les intermédiaires ? A quelle concurrence les entreprises se livrent-elles dans l'environnement électronique ? Quelle structure de marché devrait voir le jour ? Quelles sont les répercussions sur l'emploi ? Quels types de qualifications seront nécessaires ? Quelles transformations sociales de fond le commerce électronique va-t-il entraîner ? L'impact réel du commerce électronique reste à élucider. Ce livre fait oeuvre de pionnier en s'appuyant sur les données qualitatives et quantitatives existantes pour offrir la première évaluation des répercussions du commerce électronique et de ses effets sur l'emploi. Cette analyse précoce d'une activité extrêmement dynamique révèle les domaines auxquels il est urgent de consacrer des travaux de recherche et permet d'éclairer le débat sur les mesures à prendre.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, issues in fiscal federalism feature prominently in the political debate. Policy discussions in this area should preferably be supported by internationally comparable statistical information on fiscal relations between levels of government, both in the areas of taxation and spending. The annual OECD Revenue Statistics publication reports tax revenues by sub-sector of general government. However, it does not indicate the degree of control state and local governments exercise over their tax revenues. Because such data are not available on an internationally comparable level from other sources, the OECD has developed a framework to assess and analyze the degree of control that sub-central governments have over their taxes. Results shown in this book serve to illustrate the great variety in tax autonomy at the level of sub-central government. This volume contains a description of fiscal relations in most of the nineteen countries concerned and it provides a set of detailed tables for each country, with revenues split by 1) level of sub-central government; 2) OECD classification of taxes; and 3) category of tax autonomy, following the framework developed by the Working Party on Tax Policy Analysis and Tax Statistics.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Over one million people world-wide have benefited from successful tissue and organ transplants and survival rates have dramatically improved. But transplantation has become a victim of its own success. The demand for human organs can no longer be met and deaths of persons on waiting lists have more than doubled since 1988. A number of alternatives have been proposed to fill the gap between the supply and demand of organs and the past few years have seen the development of various approaches derived from recent advances in biotechnology. Among these technologies is xenotransplantation - the transplantation of viable cells, tissues and organs from one animal species to another. Xenotransplantation of cells and tissues has been approved for clinical trials in a number of OECD countries. However, opinions about the risks from these early procedures and whether to proceed any further vary. At the New York 1998 Workshop on "International issues in transplantation biotechnology including the use of non-human cells, tissues and organs", world leaders in the field reported on the state of the art and unmet needs in transplantation, addressing in particular the potential, the risks, the ethics and socio-economic impacts of xenotransplantation. Based on presentations, transcripts of round-table discussions and comments raised at the workshop, this book provides an overview of the field and of current regulatory frameworks and addresses the most pressing international policy considerations on xenotransplantation.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: How to develop an effective and sustainable agricultural and rural finance system in a climate of accumulated debts, insolvency of the majority of agricultural enterprises, low profitability of agricultural production, and an unstable macro-economic situation - How to create a banking system that services agriculture and is adapted to diverse farm structures - How to introduce alternative financial and credit institutions and mechanisms - How to establish contractual arrangements between primary agriculture and the up- and downstream sectors - What should be the role of governments in establishing such systems? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Moscow in February 1999. The meeting brought together over 200 policy-makers, government officials, independent
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: How can the social and behavioural sciences contribute more effectively to solving the problems of society? Authoritative experts and policy makers examine the current state and status of the social sciences and present their views on what needs to be done. The authors, who represent OECD countries with diverse traditions and experience, discuss in particular the need to restructure social sciences, to better link them to policy making, to strengthen related basic research, to take advantage of progress made in information technologies for large-scale surveys and data storage, etc. Illustrative developments concern youth and urban problems, education reforms, immigration and environmental policies.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264574229
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ein gutes Corporate Governance-System ist für den effizienten Einsatz des Unternehmenskapitals von entscheidender Bedeutung. Es trägt ferner dazu bei, dass die Unternehmen die Interessen möglichst breiter Kreise ebenso wie die der Gemeinwesen berücksichtigen, in denen sie tätig sind, und die Aufsichtsräte den Unternehmen und den Aktionären gegenüber rechenschaftspflichtig sind. Das wiederum ist eine der Voraussetzungen dafür, dass die Tätigkeit des Unternehmens der Gesellschaft insgesamt zugute kommt, das Vertrauen der in- und ausländischen Investoren gewahrt bleibt und mehr langfristiges Kapital mobilisiert wird.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Construction in the United States
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: On trouvera ci-dessous des extraits de l’« Annual School Construction Report » de janvier 1999 (rapport annuel sur les constructions scolaires) rédigé par John B. Lyons du ministère de l’Éducation des États-Unis.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pologne
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: On 2 April 1997, the National Assembly adopted a new Constitution. It replaced the Constitutional Law on the Relationships between the Legislative and Executive Powers and on Local Self-government, known as the Small Constitution, which had been in force since 1992. The new Constitution was approved in a popular referendum on 26 May 1997, signed by the President and published on 16 July 1997. The Constitution finally entered into force on 17 October 1997. The new Constitution had been under discussion since 1989, but several earlier attempts to adopt a new constitution had failed. According to the new constitutional provisions, constitutional amendments may only be proposed by at least one-fifth of the statutory number of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the President of the Republic. A Bill to amend the Constitution needs to be adopted by the Sejm by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes and in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of deputies, and by the Senate by an absolute majority of votes in the presence of at least half the statutory number of senators. If changes are to be made to chapters I, II or XII of the Constitution, the initiators of such changes may call for a popular confirmatory referendum. Poland has traditionally been part of the continental law tradition. Even under communism, the country did not break with this legal heritage. The legal system of Poland is based on a hierarchy of legal norms.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264172166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République Tchèque 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République Tchèque 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: This review of the Czech Republic's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.1999/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: At a time of continuing financial crisis in Asia, the question of the appropriate policies for recovery and for future sustainable development is paramount. One area of particular importance is the treatment of foreign investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a leading role in many of the economies of the region, particularly in export sectors, and has been a vital source of foreign capital during the crisis. The four countries reviewed in this study — Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand (referred to hereinafter as the ASEAN4) — have all to varying degrees welcomed inward investment for its contribution to exports. As a result, although only a small share of total investment or employment in each economy, FDI has been a key factor driving export-led growth in Southeast Asia. Foreign firms have by no means been the only actors, but they have played a leading role in those sectors with the fastest export growth such as electronics. Through such investment ...
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: During the 1990s, China has experienced a surge in imports of services, particularly those of communication, insurance and other business services, despite the fact that the authorities have maintained a plethora of restrictive measures limiting access to the service sector. Not only does this cast strong doubt over the effectiveness of these measures currently in place but also raises some important political-economy questions regarding the market access issues related to this sector. Following a brief review of the country’s efforts made since 1994 to sustain its openeconomy reforms, the paper takes stock of major policy developments in the service sector and discusses the pros and cons of liberalisation of services. The paper argues that a further liberalisation of services would be imperative for China to develop a more viable and dynamic service sector and stands to gain the full benefits of globalisation. The protective measures imposed for short-term, political ...
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264274242
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Trade
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Au lendemain de la crise asiatique : Comment gérer les flux de capitaux ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • The unprecedented withdrawal of foreign private capital from Asia, more than 10 per cent of GDP in the crisis countries, confronts them with a transfer problem. Creditor governments should induce their home banks into financial rescue operations to reduce moral hazard in private-sector lending, and to encourage Asia’s recovery. • The resolution of Asia’s domestic debt overhang must be the overriding policy concern for Asia’s governments; paying the inevitable fiscal cost in Asia’s restructuring process requires tax-base broadening, supported by easy monetary policy. • Progress towards a less crisis-prone international financial system will hinge on how to correct the excessive risk taking by banks. Regulatory distortions through the Basle Accord which bias bank lending towards the short term should be corrected. • Developing countries should strengthen bank and non-bank balance sheets and raise the quality of inflows; Chile-type regulatory measures, however, will only be effective in an appropriate policy context.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Argentina
    Abstract: The natural gas sector in Argentina is undergoing profound change as a result of regulatory and structural reforms launched at the end of the 1980s. Critical to achieving national economic restructuring, these reform measures were aimed at improving economic efficiency and increasing investment through greater reliance on market forces and new opportunities for private capital. This report -- the first IEA study to focus on Argentina -- critically reviews the impact of gas-sector reforms. It identifies challenges that policy makers, regulatory and competition authorities still confront, in particular the promotion of competition in gas supply.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises de formation en Autriche
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: Austria proudly claims to be the first country to make training firm work compulsory in secondary commercial schools and secondary colleges for business administration. In its other secondary schools offering vocational training and colleges, training firms may be chosen as an additional programme.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.43
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to begin a policy and regulatory evaluation of developments in telecommunication market openness following the liberalisation in 1998 in the context of the WTO agreement and the liberalisation in the European Union. Second, it is aimed at stimulating reflection on the issues that may need to be examined to enhance market liberalisation and market openness. Although a full assessment of recent market opening may be too premature, there are nevertheless indications of areas where further consideration and action may be required. In addition market developments are raising a number of issues which are likely to become relevant in the event that there are further discussions on market opening in the context of any future WTO service negotiations. As a paper aimed at beginning discussion and reflection, a number of questions are raised which could be used by delegations to provide their own assessment of issues and future problem areas which need consideration.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264263659
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Spain 1998
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289413
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing National Innovation Systems
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Avec l’émergence d’une économie fondée sur le savoir, l’innovation détermine plus que jamais la capacité concurrentielle des entreprises, la prospérité des nations et le dynamisme de la croissance mondiale. Elle mobilise le progrès scientifique au service des besoins évolutifs de la société et constitue ainsi l’une des clés d’un développement durable. La promotion de l’innovation s’affiche aujourd’hui comme une haute priorité dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Cet objectif se heurte toutefois souvent à une compréhension insuffisante de la portée des transformations du processus d’innovation, que celles-ci soient produites par la mondialisation, le développement des technologies de l’information et des communications, ou l’élargissement de la base de connaissances scientifiques. A partir de données empiriques nouvelles, cet ouvrage montre combien les liens qui existent entre l’industrie et le système scientifique se trouvent transformés et analyse la nature des compétences nécessaires pour innover. Il rend également compte des mutations qui modifient les rôles respectifs de la concurrence et de la coopération en matière d'innovation et prend toute la mesure de l'impulsion croissante que la création d’entreprises et les PME donnent à la dynamique d’innovation. A la lumière de cette publication, il apparaît que la performance en matière d’innovation dépend de manière cruciale de la façon dont interagissent, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, les différents éléments constitutifs du « système d’innovation » que sont les entreprises, les universités et les autres organismes de recherche. D'où la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de modifier leur approche de la promotion de l’innovation. Cette étude énonce les objectifs et définit les instruments de cette nouvelle politique de l’innovation tout en identifiant certaines mesures exemplaires prises récemment dans les pays de l'OCDE.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264273757
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture; Vol. 1; Concepts and Framework Vol. 2; Issues and Design -- "The York Workshop"
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture: Vol. 1: Concepts and Framework Vol. 2: Issues and Design -- "The York Workshop"
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Volume 1: Concepts et cadre d’analysePeu d'informations chiffrées permettent à l'heure actuelle d’évaluer les effets, tant nuisibles que bénéfiques, de l'agriculture sur l'environnement et de mesurer l’impact qu’ont sur l'environnement les différentes mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics. Afin de combler ces lacunes, l'OCDE a engagé un effort de grande ampleur pour élaborer un ensemble d'indicateurs agro-environnementaux pertinents pour les politiques. Ce premier volume des Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture définit un cadre analytique qui approfondit l'examen des liens entre le secteur agricole et l'environnement, ainsi que l’examen de l'agriculture durable. Il décrit les principaux concepts environnementaux rencontrés dans le secteur agricole qui présentent un intérêt pour les décideurs des pays de l'OCDE, et recense les indicateurs qu'il est nécessaire de mettre au point : utilisation d'éléments fertilisants, de pesticides et des ressources en eau ; conservation des terres ; qualité des sols et de l'eau ; gaz à effet de serre ; biodiversité ; habitats des espèces sauvages ; paysages ; incidence environnementales des pratiques de gestion des exploitations ; ressources financières des exploitations et aspects socio-culturels ruraux. Volume 2: Questions clés et conceptionLes pays de l’OCDE sont sur le point d’accepter un ensemble d’indicateurs agro-environnementaux à vocation politique. Destinés à être utilisés par les gouvernements et les autres acteurs concernés, ces indicateurs, potentiellement applicables aux pays non-membres de l’OCDE, fourniront une série de mesures clés.Cet ouvrage, fruit du Séminaire de York au Royaume-Uni auquel ont participé certains des experts les plus éminents dans le domaine, examine deux questions clés. Tout d’abord, il traite de l’identification et de la conception d’ indicateurs adéquats, de la méthodologie à utiliser pour leur mesure et des questions liées à leur interprétation. Ensuite, il étudie l’usage que les gouvernements et les autres utilisateurs pourraient faire des indicateurs dans leurs politiques. Dans ce contexte, les lecteurs apprendront à travers les différentes expériences des pays de l'OCDE comment ces indicateurs agro-environnementaux sont développés et utilisés pour évaluer les mesures prises et les performances en matière d'environnement. Cet ouvrage couvre 10 des 13 domaines dans lesquels l’OCDE développe des indicateurs agro-environnementaux : qualité des sols, qualité de l'eau, utilisation des ressources en eau, conservation des terres, biodiversité, habitats des espèces sauvages, paysages, gestion des exploitations, ressources financières des exploitations, et aspects socio-culturels ruraux. Les trois domaines restants -- utilisation d’éléments fertilisants, de pesticides, et gaz à effet de serre -- ont déjà fait l’objet de travaux plus avancés et sont étudiés dans le volume 1 des Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture.Pour en savoir plus .Le Volume 3, Méthodes et résultats, publié en 2000, présente la première série temporelle d’indicateurs environnementaux clés pour les pays de l’OCDE, pour les domaines énumérés. .Le Volume 4, à paraître en 2001, rendra compte des travaux consacrés à l’utilisation des indicateurs dans l’analyse des politiques.Les volumes 1 et 2 sont vendus ensemble.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde ; Études de cas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Études de cas
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In many countries of the OECD business incubators have become an increasingly popular policy instrument for local economic and employment development. Business incubators aim to assist entrepreneurs with enterprise start-ups. Incubators are also being widely used to pursue related objectives such as the commercialisation of university research, providing infrastructure, upgrading the technological capabilities of local firms, and even affording a safe haven for legitimate entrepreneurship where crime is a constraint on business. As this publication makes clear, there is no unique business incubation model. Rather, there is considerable diversity in the types of business incubator, their modes of operation and the objectives they pursue.Interest in business incubation comes from a variety of sources. Local and regional governments, universities, chambers of commerce, science parks, private real-estate developers and non-profit organisations have all participated in establishing and running incubation programmes. However, this is still a young industry in many countries, and evaluation material is scarce. This publication reviews current experience in business incubation in Australia, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Indeed, this volume is one of the first to treat the international experience of business incubation.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Grundlage
    Abstract: Little quantitative information is available to assess the impacts, both harmful and beneficial, of agriculture on the environment and to measure how different policy measures affect the environment. To help fill these gaps, a major effort is underway in the OECD to develop a set of policy-relevant agri-environmental indicators. This first volume, of the series Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, outlines an analytical framework to further the analysis of agri-environmental linkages and sustainable agriculture. It describes the main environmental concepts in agriculture of relevance to OECD policy-makers and the indicators that need to be calculated: the use of nutrients, pesticides, and water; land conservation; water and soil quality; greenhouse gases; biodiversity; wildlife habitats; landscape; and environmental impacts related to farm management practices, the availability of farm financial resources, and rural socio-cultural issues.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité ; Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité : Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Artenreichtum ; Artenschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Anreiz
    Abstract: Governments need to implement appropriate policies to ensure both the private and the public goods values of biological diversity are realised. Unless the users of biological resources are given incentives to sustainably use these resources, valuable biodiversity will continue to be lost. Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, and the range of pressures that act on them, a "bundle" of carefully-designed and complementary incentive measures are often necessary to provide the appropriate signals to prevent biodiversity loss. This unique Handbook draws on the experiences described in 22 case studies to develop a comprehensive step-by-step process for identifying and implementing appropriate incentive measures for biodiversity conservation, and the sustainable use of its components. It identifies the incentive measures that are most suitable for particular ecosystems, and for addressing the specific sectoral pressures in effect, describing both the advantages and the disadvantages of each incentive measure. A wide range of incentive measures are described, including both the more common economic and regulatory incentives, and also the necessary framework conditions, such as scientific and technical capacity building, education and awareness raising, and the involvement of local populations and other stakeholders.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Preventing hardship among those with few or no resources is no easy task. Today, institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins seek to integrate and encourage them in order to avoid social exclusion. How can social assistance best balance the adequacy of benefits with financial incentives to work? What policy measures are essential to promote independence and reduce (intergenerational) welfare dependence? What can be done to promote individual responsibility in societies where taxpayers and voters are explicitly regarded as major stakeholders in social policy? These are some of the most pressing social issues this book addresses by comparing social assistance policies in four Canadian provinces -- Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario and Saskatchewan -- and four Swiss cantons -- Graubünden, Ticino, Vaud and Zürich. In Switzerland, few people were forced to rely on social assistance until unemployment rose sharply at the beginning of the 1990s. The authorities are now struggling with how to promote social inclusion by keeping benefit levels high whilst at the same time improving measures designed to get benefit recipients back into work. In Canada, all provinces have stressed the role of work as the best way of avoiding benefit dependency, and some provinces have also cut benefit levels and restricted access to benefits. The success of Canada in reducing social assistance benefit dependency stands out in an area of social protection where across the developed world there are remarkably few such successes. Further reading This book is part of "The Battle against Exclusion" series, consisting of comparative studies of social assistance policies. To get a more comprehensive picture of social policies in OECD countries, please consult the first two volumes of the series, both published in 1998: the first volume covers Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and the second volume, Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274068
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274112
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Food Safety and Quality; Trade Considerations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Food Safety and Quality: Trade Considerations
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Des problèmes sanitaires très médiatisés ont récemment mis le débat sur la sécurité alimentaire au cœur de l'actualité. Des pressions croissantes s'exercent en faveur de normes plus restrictives et d'une application plus stricte des réglementations existantes. Les consommateurs ne se préoccupent pas seulement de l'innocuité des produits : la qualité des aliments et la façon dont ils sont produits, le bien-être animal, l'utilisation d'organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM), d'hormones ou d'autres promoteurs de croissance, les préférences culturelles, la préservation des ressources et la protection de l'environnement sont également devenus des enjeux importants du débat public sur la réglementation de l'industrie alimentaire. Face à la complexité de ces problèmes, il n'est pas facile de voir clairement les réponses politiques qui doivent être apportées. Différents facteurs renforcent les risques de conflits commerciaux : le durcissement des règles du commerce international, le développement des échanges agroalimentaires et l'utilisation croissante de nouvelles techniques biologiques. Les enjeux économiques sont importants et ces différends risquent d'occuper, à l’avenir encore, une place essentielle dans l’ordre du jour du commerce international. Ce rapport examine les désaccords commerciaux soulevés par les problèmes de qualité et de sécurité des produits alimentaires. Il résume les accords internationaux clés, illustre l’étendue et la nature des différends en cours, et étudie les contributions éventuelles de l’analyse économique pour la résolution du conflit. Il identifie également les domaines où une analyse complémentaire est nécessaire.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique ; les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique : les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Nearly two years after Kyoto, most OECD countries are looking towards ratification and implementation of their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. What do historical emissions and policy trends tell us about the way forward? Which policies will be needed to combat climate change? This book provides an overview of recent developments in OECD countries and a framework for policy making in the context of Kyoto targets. There is no single formula for domestic policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Every country will need to assess opportunities and constraints to develop a strategy adapted to their own situation. Yet, it is possible to outline some main lines for action in OECD countries at the national level. National strategies should prioritise market, subsidy and fiscal reform policies to establish conditions for competitive markets and remove distortions that harm the environment. And governments should implement a comprehensive mix of mutually reinforcing and integrated policies, using a wide range of economic instruments (green taxes, green tax reform and domestic emission trading) as well as other measures such as product policies, voluntary approaches and public awareness programmes. Unless OECD countries establish more effective frameworks for action now, achieving the Kyoto targets is likely to be costly and difficult.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire ; Le nouvel agenda social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire : Le nouvel agenda social
    DDC: 361.6/1 21
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: A new vision of the purpose of social policy is needed. Scaremongers present decision-makers as facing an overwhelming number of complex problems with more and more limited budgets. Society is indeed undergoing profound upheaval. Ageing populations are increasing pressure on the workforce. Changes in the labour market have hit low-skilled workers hard; the term "social exclusion" has entered the political lexicon, and policies can no longer be based on "traditional" family life. But social policy should not be presented as "papering over the cracks" in society caused by economic and demographic change. As knowledge plays an increasing role in generating wealth, empowering individuals to develop their potential is a central and essential part of economic policy. Indeed, economic and social policies are more intertwined than ever. This book paints a complete and accessible picture of the current situation and pinpoints how policies can be reformed. Social policy should aim to promote employment and healthy living, rather than just coping with joblessness and ill-health. Investing in children and families helps ensure that all can contribute fully to society. Innovations and experiments in new social policies to better equip individuals and families with the support they need in responding to change abound in OECD countries. Ministers from OECD countries have committed themselves to the ambitious task of creating just such a caring world.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264263949
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264073074
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: This publication provides a unique overview and analysis of the main measures and practices which affect international insurance operations in OECD countries. The survey focuses in particular on main insurance fields where obstacles to a full liberalisation may still exist, i.e. cross-border trade and establishment of foreign branches. This is the first time since 1983 that such a work is undertaken by the OECD. This study will certainly contribute to further liberalisation of insurance markets in OECD countries and will provide an indispensable reference tool for any person involved in issues related to trade in insurance.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273122
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills; A New Framework for Assessment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les élèves sont-ils bien préparés aux défis de l'avenir ? Ont-ils acquis les compétences et les connaissances nécessaires pour devenir les citoyens de demain et continuer à se former tout au long de leur vie ? Parents, élèves et responsables des systèmes éducatifs se doivent de répondre à cette question. Les indicateurs internationaux permettent de saisir les niveaux d'études atteints par différents pays, montrant ainsi aux autres pays quels objectifs viser. Ils peuvent également aider à mieux orienter les efforts des établissements en matière d'enseignement ainsi que l'apprentissage des élèves, et permettent identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des programmes d'enseignement. Les 29 pays de l'OCDE ont lancé, de concert avec d'autres pays, le Programme international de l'OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) afin de développer de façon régulière de tels indicateurs. L'objectif de PISA est d'évaluer dans quelle mesure les élèves ont acquis, à l'approche de la fin de la scolarité obligatoire, les compétences et les connaissances essentielles pour jouer un rôle plein et actif dans la société. Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation, le premier volume de la collection d'ouvrages consacrés à PISA, présente le cadre conceptuel sur lequel repose le programme PISA 2000. Il définit les domaines de compréhension de l'écrit, de culture mathématique et de culture scientifique qui sont au cœur du programme, qu'il s'agisse des contenus que doivent acquérir les élèves, des processus qui doivent être mis en œuvre, ou du contexte dans lequel connaissances et compétences seront appliquées. Il décrit également les méthodes utilisées pour s'assurer que les processus d'évaluation sont valides dans tous les pays, mesurent efficacement les compétences les plus pertinentes, et s'appuient sur des situations de la vie réelle. Le Programme international de l'OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) PISA est un processus de collaboration réunissant les compétences scientifiques des pays participants, mené conjointement par leurs gouvernements sur la base de préoccupations communes concernant l'action des pouvoirs publics. PISA constitue un effort d'évaluation des compétences et des acquis sans précédent : - Un engagement à long terme, portant sur la prochaine décennie, et permettant aux pays de suivre en continu les progrès accomplis. Les prochains volumes à paraître dans cette collection se focaliseront sur les tests, ainsi que sur leurs résultats, qui seront publiés et mis à jour tous les trois ans. - Un groupe d'âge représentatif : l'évaluation des élèves âgés de 15 ans, juste avant la fin de la scolarité obligatoire, permet de dresser un tableau très significatif des performances des systèmes éducatifs. - Une approche centrée sur la littératie : savoirs, connaissances et compétences ne sont pas simplement évalués à la lumière des programmes scolaires mais au regard des acquis dont les jeunes sont susceptibles d'avoir besoin dans leur vie. - Une couverture mondiale : le programme porte sur 32 pays, soit 28 pays de l'OCDE, ainsi que le Brésil, la Chine et la Fédération de Russie et la Lettonie.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273191
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland; Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland: Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Depuis des années, l'Allemagne joue un rôle pionnier en matière de politique urbaine. Elle s'est fixé un objectif de développement urbain durable afin de relever l'ensemble des défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui se posent aux villes. Des réponses politiques intégrées et des mesures novatrices ont été mises en place pour favoriser la revitalisation des centres-villes et faire face à la croissance des banlieues, à l'augmentation de la circulation automobile et au changement social. Cet ouvrage analyse ces initiatives à la lumière des traits spécifiques à l'Allemagne : système fédéral, processus d'unification et système urbain polycentrique. La politique de la ville est un instrument privilégié pour résoudre de nombreux problèmes dont l'ancrage est avant tout urbain et constitue, en tant que tel, une composante à part entière du développement durable. Au-delà des caractéristiques et des conclusions propres à l'Allemagne, cette étude plaide pour une approche multisectorielle intégrée et prospective, qui ne soit pas seulement guidée par une logique économique pure, mais apporte des éléments de réponses tangibles à cette question essentielle : quel type de villes souhaitons-nous pour l'avenir ?
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.6
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Application du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE aux sociétés de personnes
    DDC: 343.068
    RVK:
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The application of tax treaties to cases involving partnerships raises a number of complex issues. When is a partnership entitled to the benefits of a tax convention? What happens when the residence and source States apply different articles of the Convention on the basis of differences in their domestic law? How can the problems arising from conflicts of income allocation be solved? This report addresses these issues in detail and focuses on specific factual examples. For each example, the facts and, where applicable, relevant aspects of domestic tax laws are described. Comprehensive recommendations for dealing with the international taxation of partnerships in practice are also presented.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272798
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264173609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Towards lifelong learning in Hungary
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Ungarn ; Bildungswesen ; Ungarn ; Berufsbildung
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9264174125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The local dimension of welfare to work
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Bd. 1 - 3
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Keywords: OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Note: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
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  • 98
    Language: French
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Libraries in the Information Society
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le PEB et le ministère portugais de l’Éducation ont réuni 67 professionnels des bibliothèques et des centres de documentation, des décideurs, des éducateurs et des spécialistes des technologies de l’information, représentant 21 pays, autour du thème « Concevoir les écoles dans une société de communication : bibliothèques et centres de documentation ». Le séminaire, qui a eu lieu au Portugal en juin 1999, avait pour but de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication et la transformation des écoles en centres d’apprentissage pour la collectivité influent sur la demande d’espace des institutions de l’éducation ainsi que sur l’usage qui est fait de celui-ci, et plus particulièrement d’examiner les changements ayant pour objectif de promouvoir l’apprentissage à vie et la société de communication. On trouvera ci-dessous des extraits de certaines présentations.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264173712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Japan. It finds that regulatory reform is at the heart of Japan’s strategy for economic recovery and long-term growth. Identified as a priority by the Japanese Government as early as 1994, considerable progress in regulatory reform has already been made. But today it is essential that regulatory reform be deepened and accelerated. This report calls for a "sharp break" with the regulatory practices and doctrines of the past. Energetic measures, including both sectoral reform and reform of framework conditions, need to be adopted quickly to complete the transition from a state-led growth model, now largely ineffective, to a market-driven growth model, the only model capable of laying the foundation for sustainable competitiveness and prosperity in Japan. Japan was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latvia
    Keywords: Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: La Lettonie est une république parlementaire créée le 18 novembre 1918 et dont la constitution (Satversme) a été adoptée le 15 février 1922. Sa souveraineté et son indépendance ont pris fin de facto avec l’occupation par l’URSS à partir de 1940, et elles ont été restaurées par la Déclaration sur le rétablissement de l’indépendance de la République de Lettonie datée du 4 mai 1990 et par la déclaration du 21 août 1991 restaurant de facto l’indépendance, qui ont toutes deux proclamé l’autorité de la constitution. Cette dernière a été pleinement rétablie le 6 juillet 1993 lorsque le parlement (Saeima) s’est réuni après les premières élections démocratiques qui se sont déroulées depuis les années 30. Le 17 juillet 1999 Vaira Vike-Freiberga a été élue avec 53 votes par la Saeima de 100 membres, et est ainsi devenue la première femme élue président d’un pays de l’ancienne Union soviétique.
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