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  • 2000-2004  (241)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kee, Hiau Market Access for Sale
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Export Growth ; Exporters ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Localization ; Market Access ; Multilateral Tariff Negotiations ; Preferential Access ; Preferential Scheme ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Tariff ; Trade Policy ; Debt Markets ; Export Growth ; Exporters ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Localization ; Market Access ; Multilateral Tariff Negotiations ; Preferential Access ; Preferential Scheme ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Tariff ; Trade Policy ; Debt Markets ; Export Growth ; Exporters ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Localization ; Market Access ; Multilateral Tariff Negotiations ; Preferential Access ; Preferential Scheme ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Tariff ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Kee, Olarreaga, and Silva assess the foreign lobbying forces behind the tariff preferences that the United States grants to Latin American and Caribbean countries. The authors extend the basic framework developed by Grossman and Helpman (1994) to explain the relationship between foreign lobbying and tariff preferences. Their results suggest that returns to Latin American and Caribbean exporters lobbying for tariff preferences in the United States are around 50 percent. The reason for these large returns is the relatively low estimated weight given to social welfare in the U.S. government's objective function when deciding whether or not to grant tariff preferences to Latin American and Caribbean exporters. This paper—a product of Trade, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to study the issues related to trade and growth
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan Trade and Financial Development
    Keywords: Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The differences in financial systems between industrial and developing countries are pronounced. It has been observed, both theoretically and empirically, that the differences in countries' financial systems are a source of comparative advantage in trade. Do and Levchenko point out that to the extent a country's financial development is endogenous, it will in turn be influenced by trade. They build a model in which a country's financial development is an equilibrium outcome of the economy's productive structure: in countries with large financially intensive sectors, financial systems are more developed. When a wealthy and a poor country open to trade, the financially dependent sectors grow in the wealthy country, and so does the financial system. By contrast, as the financially intensive sectors shrink in the poor country, demand for external finance decreases and the domestic financial system deteriorates. The authors test their model using data on financial development for a sample of 77 countries. They find that the main predictions of the model are borne out in the data: trade openness is associated with faster financial development in wealthier countries, and with slower financial development in poorer ones. This paper—a product of the Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the relation between finance and trade
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Chen, Shaohua How Have the World's Poorest Fared Since the Early 1980s?
    Keywords: Extreme Poverty ; Food Consumption ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Size ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Income ; Inequality ; International Poverty Line ; Per Capita Consumption ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Extreme Poverty ; Food Consumption ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Size ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Income ; Inequality ; International Poverty Line ; Per Capita Consumption ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Extreme Poverty ; Food Consumption ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Size ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Income ; Inequality ; International Poverty Line ; Per Capita Consumption ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Chen and Ravallion present new estimates of the extent of the developing world's progress against poverty. By the frugal
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy-Toan Institutional Trap
    Keywords: Agents ; Bargaining ; Consensus ; Corruption ; Entry ; GDP ; Index ; Institutional Change ; Licensing ; Nature ; Production ; Roads and Highways ; Supply ; Transport ; Agents ; Bargaining ; Consensus ; Corruption ; Entry ; GDP ; Index ; Institutional Change ; Licensing ; Nature ; Production ; Roads and Highways ; Supply ; Transport ; Agents ; Bargaining ; Consensus ; Corruption ; Entry ; GDP ; Index ; Institutional Change ; Licensing ; Nature ; Production ; Roads and Highways ; Supply ; Transport
    Abstract: The author studies the persistence of inequality and inefficient governance in a physical capital accumulation model with perfect information, missing credit markets, and endogenous barriers to entry. When access to investment opportunities is regulated, rent-seeking entrepreneurs form coalitions of potentially varying size to bribe a regulator to restrict entry. Small coalitions run short of resources, while large coalitions suffer more severe free-rider problems. The distribution of wealth thus determines the equilibrium coalition structure of the economy and consequently the level of regulatory capture. A dynamic analysis supports the persistence of inefficiencies in the long run. Initial conditions determine whether the economy converges to a steady state characterized by efficient governance and low levels of inequality, or a path toward an institutional trap where regulatory capture and wealth inequality reinforce each other. This paper—a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of institutions
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Incidence Analysis of Public Support to the Private Education Sector in Côte d'Ivoire
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: Sakellariou and Patrinos analyze the equity effects of public subsidization of private schools in Côte d'Ivoire, update previous analyses, and attempt to assess how efficiently public spending is targeted. The subsidy per student in private (and public) schools increases at higher quintiles. Students from families in the highest quintile receive more than twice the subsidy received by students from families in the lowest quintile, compared with four times more in the case of students attending public schools. However, the subsidy system is progressive as there is a clear tendency for the share of family education expenditure covered by subsidies to decline at higher quintiles. This element of progressivity is stronger in the case of private school attendance. This paper—a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the region to evaluate education policies
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Zhai, Fan Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land
    Abstract: Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper—a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Luo, Xubei The Role of Infrastructure Investment Location in China's Western Development
    Keywords: Accessibility ; High Transport ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructure Investment ; Infrastructures ; Investments ; Policies ; Profit Margin ; Route ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Accessibility ; High Transport ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructure Investment ; Infrastructures ; Investments ; Policies ; Profit Margin ; Route ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Accessibility ; High Transport ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructure Investment ; Infrastructures ; Investments ; Policies ; Profit Margin ; Route ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Development of the western region is vital to the balanced growth of China. Luo studies the impacts of infrastructure investment that may most efficiently alleviate the burden of geographical remoteness of the West. Having constructed the "adjusted distance" to approximate the transport cost, which takes into account the effects of real distance and infrastructure development, the author defines the "peripheral degree" to measure the effective remoteness of a province to an economic center. Using panel data for 1979–99 from the Chinese provinces, she shows that geographic attractiveness plays a significant role in a Solow-type growth determination model. Given the invariability of pure geographic position, progress in transportation facilities is essential to reduce the geographic handicap and to encourage the catching-up of the western region. The author's simulation results show that the central transportation hubs (Hubei, Henan, and Hunan) merit most infrastructure investments, for they favor the development of many provinces, if regional balanced growth is considered as the prime objective. In particular, improvement in the transportation facilities in central hubs will have greater effects on western development than that in the western region by itself. Improvements in the transportation facilities of the central hubs substantially improves the geographic attractiveness of the western region by reducing the transport cost from the West to the Coast and by promoting the emergence of new economic centers in such hubs, which tends to modify the national economic geographic structure. This paper is a product of the Office of the Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Perotti, Enrico State Ownership
    Keywords: Accountability ; Constituencies ; Corporate Governance ; Degree of Autonomy ; Disclosure ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Crises ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governments ; Institutional Capacity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Nationalization ; Political Economy ; Political Power ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Accountability ; Constituencies ; Corporate Governance ; Degree of Autonomy ; Disclosure ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Crises ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governments ; Institutional Capacity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Nationalization ; Political Economy ; Political Power ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Accountability ; Constituencies ; Corporate Governance ; Degree of Autonomy ; Disclosure ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Crises ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governments ; Institutional Capacity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Nationalization ; Political Economy ; Political Power ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures
    Abstract: Perotti reviews the state of thinking on the governance role of state ownership. He argues that a gradual transfer of operational control and financial claims over state assets remains the most desirable goal, but it needs to be paced to avoid regulatory capture, and the capture of the privatization process itself. In addition, the speed of transfer should be timed on the progress in developing a strong regulatory governance system, to which certain residual rights of intervention must be vested. In many countries institutional weakness limits regulatory capacity and reliability, yet the author's conclusion is that in such environments, maintaining state control undermines the very emergence of institutional capacity, and so the balance should tip toward progressively less direct state control. After all, what are "institutions" if not governance mechanisms with some degree of autonomy from both political and private interests? The gradual creation of institutions partially autonomous from political power must become central to the development of an optimal mode of regulatory governance. The author offers some suggestions about creating maximum accountability in regulatory governance, in particular creating an internal control system based on a rotating board representative of users, producers, and civic organizations, to be elected by a process involving frequent reporting and disclosure. This paper—a product of the Global Corporate Governance Forum, Investment Climate Unit—is part of a larger effort in the department to improve the understanding of corporate governance reform in developing countries
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (57 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Chen, Shaohua China's (Uneven) Progress Against Poverty
    Keywords: Economic Policies ; Extreme Poverty ; Farmers ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Inequality ; Household Survey ; Impact On Poverty ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Economic Policies ; Extreme Poverty ; Farmers ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Inequality ; Household Survey ; Impact On Poverty ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Economic Policies ; Extreme Poverty ; Farmers ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Inequality ; Household Survey ; Impact On Poverty ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: While the incidence of extreme poverty in China fell dramatically over 1980–2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. The pattern of growth mattered. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth. Agriculture played a far more important role than the secondary or tertiary sources of GDP. Rising inequality within the rural sector greatly slowed poverty reduction. Provinces starting with relatively high inequality saw slower progress against poverty, due both to lower growth and a lower growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Taxation of farmers and inflation hurt the poor. External trade had little short-term impact. This paper—a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the causes of country success in poverty reduction
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  • 10
    ISBN: 0821356569 , 9780821356562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (256 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Institutional Economics of Water evaluates water institutional reform and water sector performance from an institutional economics and political economy perspective. Against an exhaustive review of the theoretical and empirical literature on institution and performance both in general and in water sector contexts, the title develops an alternative methodology built on: 'institutional ecology' principle, 'institutional decomposition and analysis' framework, and 'subjective theory' of institutional change. Empirical application of this methodology with information collected from 127 water experts from 43 countries/regions and a cross-country review of recent water sector reforms within an institutional transaction cost framework enables the book to conclude with significant implications for both theory and policy in the realm of water sector reform in particular and institutional reforms in general. 'We are both impressed by the book. It will merit prominent publication as a far-reaching application of innovative methodologies to an important, and well explained, worldwide policy problem.' - Randall Calvert, Washington University, St. Louis, US and Thrainn Eggertsson, University of Iceland '[The] literature review . . . is one of the best and most comprehensive that I have seen.' - Daniel W. Bromley, University of Wisconsin, US
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  • 11
    ISBN: 0821358596 , 9780821358597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (250 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: The turn of the century was marked by some significant and promising events for world development. The Millennium Declaration - signed by 189 countries in September 2000 - led to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, which set clear targets for eradicating poverty and other sources of human deprivation. Following other major international meetings came broad agreement on the goals and strategies to achieve them. The task now is implementation - to translate vision into action. Drawing attention to priorities for action and related accountabilities, the new Global Monitoring Report provides an integrated assessment of the policies and actions needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Produced in cooperation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international partners, the Report assesses how the various parties-developing countries, developed countries, and international financial institutions-are playing their part under the agreed development partnership and highlights progress on the development policy agenda
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357344 , 9780821357347
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: In its 3rd annual edition, The Little Green Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. Profiles of each country include 48 key development indicators like: Population, Urban Population, Rural Population Density; GNI, GDP, Gross National Savings; Forest Area, Annual Deforestation; Agricultural Land, Fertilizer Consumption, Irrigated Land, Food Production Index; Mammal and Bird Species Threatened; Electric Power Consumption, GDP per unit of energy use; CO2 Emissions per Capita, Passenger Cars; Freshwater resources per capita, Access to Sanitation; Energy Depletion, Education Expenditure, Under-5 Mortality Rate. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Green Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available environmental data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Arab region faces a growing realization that development paths of the past are no longer capable of achieving national objectives. The problem of insufficient job creation in the Arab region is mounting, and without fundamental transitions in the Arab economies which ensure greater and sustainable job creation, the employment challenge will worsen rapidly and dramatically. The authors will articulate the broad course of action needed in the Arab economies. First, in Section II the authors describe the development challenges facing the Arab world, in particular, the challenge of employment creation. In Section III, the authors examine the constraints of the old development model in the region in terms of meeting these development challenges. Section IV proposes a set of transitions that constitute the contours of a new development model. Section V outlines the fundamental changes needed for making this transition, including improved governance, higher quality education and greater gender equality. The concluding section VI makes a few observations about the feasibility and issues of implementation
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The first Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR) was completed in June 2002 and published in March 2003. This CPAR has served as an analytical tool to help assess the public procurement system in the Philippines, and in the process, helped to generate a dialogue with the Government to improve procurement practices, and to help civil society and the private sector better understand the current processes, and procedures in place. The CPAR Update reviewes the status of the reforms, and finds that over 50 percent of the recommendations from the first CPAR have been completed, and another 26 percent are in progress. The key accomplishments include the passage and promulgation of the Government Procurement Reform Act, and implementing rules and regulations, the establishment and immediate functioning of a powerful Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) and its Technical Services Office, mandatory implementation of electronic procurement systems, a well-defined complaint mechanism and blacklisting procedures, provision for civil society monitoring, reasonable procurement audit provisions, numerous dissemination and training activities, and near-completion of harmonized bid documents and manuals. It is worth particularly noting that the new procurement policy has institutionalized the participation of civil society organizations in all bids, and awards committees, thus enhancing the integrity of the bidding process. There is still much to be done however. This Update identifies several emerging priorities, including the perception of high cost of some works and goods, and the eligibility of Philippine firms to compete for internationally financed contracts
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The paper investigates adjustment costs of trade liberalization in Russia by estimating various labor market elasticities with respect to indicators of trade liberalization in the 90-ies. In particular, the influence of tariff reduction on demand for labor is estimated, inter-sectoral employment flows in recent years and their determinants are studied, as well as determinants of sectoral wage premiums and of wage differentials between skilled and unskilled labor. The estimated elasticities of labor demand and wages show to be of very moderate size implying a modest adjustment cost in the labor market
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The twelve members of the Commonwealth of Independent States established a Free Trade Area to help maintain trade among each other. More recently, Belarus, Kazakstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Russia agreed, in principle, to establish a Customs Union (CU). The paper concludes that the dynamic effects of the CU (and Free Trade Area) are likely to be negative because it would tend to lock the countries into the old technology of the Soviet Union. The static effects are mixed but are adverse for countries that have liberal trade regimes compared to the common external tariff contemplated for the CU
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The desiccation of the Aral Sea was one of the greatest environmental disasters of the latter part of the twentieth century. In 1960, it was the fourth largest lake in the world. However, since 1965, the sea has lost seventy five percent of its volume and the coastline has advanced hundred kilometers. The sea is now divided into two sections and if desiccation continues, it will eventually devolve into a string of isolated salt lakes. The desire of the former Soviet Union for self-sufficiency in cotton led to massive expansion of cotton production in Central Asia, mostly in Uzbekistan, and to the use of irrigated water from rivers that normally fed the Aral Sea. Could the environmental disaster have been avoided if the former Soviet Union had relied more on imported cotton and not diverted these rivers? Can we conclude that if the cost of the irrigated water had been properly considered, Uzbekistan did not have a comparative advantage in cotton production, and the Soviet Union should have imported the cotton? Or are other explanations more important in explaining the environmental disaster?. The authors consider these questions in this case study, but begin with an elaboration of the environmental problems
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: One of the most significant developments of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations (1986-94) was the inclusion of intellectual property rights (IPRs) issues on the agenda of the multilateral trading system. The resulting Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is one of three pillar agreements, setting out the legal framework in which the World Trade Organization (WTO) has operated since the end of the Uruguay Round. For the multilateral trading system, TRIPS marked the departure from narrow negotiations on border measures such as tariffs and quotas toward the establishment of multilateral rules for trade-affecting measures beyond borders. This move reflected underlying trends in international commerce. Due to the growth of trade in knowledge and information-intensive goods, the economic implications of imitation, copying, and counterfeiting had in many industries become at least as relevant for international commerce as conventional border restrictions to trade. Yet the TRIPS negotiations on intellectual property were marked by significant North-South differences. Developed countries, which host the world's largest intellectual property-producing industries, were the key advocates for comprehensive minimum standards of protection and enforcement of IPRs. By contrast, many developing countries, which see themselves mostly as a consumer of intellectual property, felt that stronger standards of protection would serve to limit access to new technologies and products, thereby undermining poor countries' development prospects. Not surprisingly, the TRIPS Agreement remains one of the most controversial agreements of the WTO.This short paper seeks to provide an introduction to the main instruments used to protect intellectual property in section second, the key economic trade-offs of stronger IPRs in section third, the basic provisions of the TRIPS Agreement in section four, and recent TRIPS developments affecting access to medicines in developing countries in section five
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types - from microenterprises to multinationals - play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services.The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: - What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? - What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? - What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? - What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? - What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Transport Papers
    Abstract: This report is intended to facilitate the discussions between the World Bank and the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, City Governments of Chennai and Bangalore, on possibly expanding the Bank's urban transport assistance in these two cities, and elsewhere in the two states. The report consists of a diagnostic chapter, a discussion of pivotal issues, a reformulated strategy, and a menu of possible Bank-funded projects to support this strategy. Case studies of urban transport in Chennai and Bangalore, the basis for the report, are attached
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Abstract: This report looks at three sets of issues underlying the present cyclical moment and the outlook for East Asia. First, the evolution of the world economy is always relevant in as open and globally integrated a region as East Asia. Japan's economy seems to have finally returned to broad-based and sustainable growth, while the U.S. economy is growing at 4-5 percent. Global high technology industries appear to have returned to a phase of multi-year expansion (no doubt with quarter to quarter fluctuations). Rising world demand has helped pull primary commodity prices sharply higher, a boon to some of the low-income, commodity exporters in the region, if not to their more industrially developed, commodity importing neighbors. The second set of issues centers on the emergence of China as the economic powerhouse of the region, its rapid integration with other Asian economies and the region wide opportunities, risks and policy challenges that are coming up as a result. Over the last decade the structure of intra-East Asian trade with China has been transformed by the emergence of intricate and sophisticated production networks between countries. For two years now the boom in the Chinese economy has contributed around half the export growth in many other East Asian economies. A third set of issues in this report are the policy efforts undertaken by countries to address domestic challenges as well as international and regional ones. While domestic and foreign direct investment is booming in economies like China and Vietnam, it has only just begun to recover in Thailand, and remains weak in several of the other economies hit by the 1997-98 financial crisis
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Abstract: This report discusses the number of cross-currents and risks within and without the East Asia region. One of the concerns discussed is the steep spike in world oil prices, which will reduce incomes among the majority of economies in the region that are net energy importers, as well as among the developed nations which comprise Emerging East Asias major extra-regional export markets - the United States, Japan and Europe. The report also reviews the affects of oil prices, as well as a variety of domestic factors and the fact that growth in the developed world shifted to a lower pace in the second quarter of 2004, most notably in Japan and to a lesser extent in the U.S., while monthly indicators suggested softening activity in Europe in the third quarter. Also discussed is the growth pause in the developed world and the likelihood of another cyclical downturn in the global high tech industry, a concern for East Asia which is now the leading location for manufacturing and assembly in this industry. The study notes that East Asian decision makers are also giving much attention to the outlook for China
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: The main objectives of the Country Environmental Analysis for Tunisia are: (a) to facilitate the integration of environmental issues into sectoral development strategies, which could affect the sustainability of development in particular with respect to economic growth, poverty reduction, and quality of life, and (b) to improve, adapt, and strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making processes in line within this integration requirement and the international economic context. Three outcome and progress indicators, which despite being incomplete and could be improved, made it possible to assess the trends and environmental progress for this study: The cost of environmental degradation is estimated at 522 million Tunisian dinars, or 2.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP)-the lowest rate among the Mashreq and Maghreb countries. Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) rose from 2.6 percent of GDP in 1980 to 19 percent in 1999, with a prevalence of around 15 percent and steady growth between 1993 and 1999. In the Environmental Sustainability Index, Tunisia ranks 61st among 142 countries rated. Its ranking places it in the middle of the countries of the Mediterranean Basin and first in the group of southern Mediterranean countries
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359363 , 9780821359365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (202 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's research program has four basic objectives: to broaden the understanding of development, to assist in developing research capacity in the Bank's member countries, to improve its capacity to advise its members, and to support all aspects of its own operations. Whether these aims are achieved depends in part on how extensively Bank research is used internally and externally. In early 2004, surveys were commissioned to assess the use of publications including Bank-wide research (annual flagship publications, Policy Research Reports, Policy Research Working Papers, and the two research journals) by Bank staff and by the Bank's clients. The findings lead to four main conclusions: clients use Bank research publications frequently, Bank research publications are influential, translations are important, and for external clients the Internet is an important source of information. The World Bank Research Program reports on research projects that were initiated, under way, or completed from July 2001 through June 2003 and, for the first time, it includes summaries of large research programs. These multiyear programs undertake analysis on several broad development related issues with the aim of providing strategic directions on critical problems facing Bank clients and operations. Each program centers on a theme giving coherence to the research and its outputs. This title addresses thematic programs such as investment climate, rural development, finance and trade
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357484 , 9780821357484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Doing Business
    DDC: 338.5/1
    Abstract: Doing Business in 2005: Removing Obstacles to Growth is the second in a series of annual reports investigating the scope and manner of regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. New quantitative indicators on business regulations and their enforcement can be compared across 145 countries-from Albania to Zimbabwe-and over time. The previous report, Doing Business in 2004: Understanding Regulation, presented indicators in five main topics: starting a business, hiring and firing workers, enforcing contracts, getting credit and closing a business. Doing Business in 2005 updates these measures and adds another two sets: registering property and protecting investors. The indicators are used to analyze economic and social outcomes, such as productivity, investment, informality, corruption, unemployment, and poverty, and identify what reforms have worked, where and why. In Doing Business in 2005, you will also find answers to such questions as: Which are the Top 10 reformer countries since last year? Which are the Top 20 economies for doing business? As well as which countries implemented more harmful regulations? Doing Business is a comprehensive resource that no investor, policymaker, or economic advisor should be without
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  • 26
    ISBN: 082135938X , 9780821359389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Annual Review of Development Effectiveness 2003 examines the effectiveness of Bank support for developing country policy reform. The report finds that reform has been widespread across countries during the last few years and across a wide spectrum of policy areas. Countries that improved their policies over this period-on average - achieved substantially higher per-capita economic growth than those that did not. The report also finds that Bank support has contributed to reform in a number of cases. But there are also cases where the Bank's support has not been associated with improvements in the policy environment. This is especially noticeable in countries with no track record at all-or an inconsistent or deteriorating record-of policy reform. Several countries have absorbed large amounts of adjustment lending with only mixed results on reform and a substantial increase in indebtedness. The report finds, in conclusion, that management should consider ways to better customize its support to clients' needs and should explore pilot mechanisms to introduce a more direct linkage between its support and results in terms of poverty reduction
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This module illustrates the basics of trade policy analysis. It focuses on the following questions: 1) What do countries gain by trading with each other instead of opting for self sufficiency?; 2) What are the main instruments of trade policy?; 3) How do they affect prices, output and welfare?; and 4) What are the effects of trade policy in the presence of market imperfections. This book is arranged as follows: In Section one, the authors show how the main welfare effects of trade policy can be analyzed. In Section two, the authors illustrate the main sources of gains from trade, namely, how and why international trade raises welfare. In Section three, the authors examine the main trade policy instruments and discuss their welfare effects, while in Section four the authors ask whether there is scope for trade policy in the presence of externalities generated by domestic production or when markets are imperfectly competitive. The main issues will be illustrated in very simple and intuitive terms. Boxes will instead provide a more rigorous analysis of the arguments discussed in this module
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Financial reporting and auditing practices in Moldova's corporate sector are currently in a period of transition from providing for tax calculation and statistical needs to convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA). This report draws upon recent international experience in developed economies and EU accession countries as well as expected amendments to EU Directives. The National Accounting Standards (NAS) were developed on the basis of International Accounting Standards (IAS) from 1996 to 1998 for the most part, but they are substantially incomplete and out of date vis-A-vis IFRS (which incorporate IAS). Accordingly, the standard-setting process should be streamlined so as to allow the prompt adoption of the numerous existing IASs not yet reflected in the NAS. The National Standards of Auditing were developed recently and mirror ISA. The existing Accounting Law and certain aspects of the Joint Stock Companies Law are unduly onerous and restrictive in that they demand bookkeeping and other administrative procedures not normally required in market economy systems. These conflict with mandated accounting standards, confuse the preparers of financial statements and are detrimental to the quality of the financial information. A new Accounting Law should be passed with simplified requirements and incorporating key elements of the NAS and relevant EU Directives on that matter
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  • 29
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Cette evaluation s'appuie sur un travail anterieur du departement de l'evaluation des operations (OED) qui evalue dans quelle mesure la strategie de reduction de la pauvrete a permis jusqu'a present de concretiser les principes de la Carte de developpement integree (CDF) en actions, en quoi la strategie repond a la demande des pays en termes de reduction durable de la pauvrete, et l'efficacite de la Banque dans l'appui et l'alignement de ses propres programmes sur l'approche de la strategie de reduction de la pauvrete. L'OED a mene cette evaluation parallelement a une evaluation, par le Bureau d'evaluation independant du Fonds monetaire international (FMI), des documents de la strategie de reduction de la pauvrete et de la Facilite pour la reduction de la pauvrete et pour la croissance
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report is the outcome of a study of public spending and service delivery issues in Papua New Guinea (PNG) undertaken as part of the work on the PNG Poverty Assessment. The study itself is the result of a collaborative effort involving several agencies and organizations including the National Research Institute, the National Department of Education, the Department of National Planning and Rural Development (DNPRD), AusAID and the World Bank. The PESD study is undertaken in a challenging economic and social context for PNG with growing concerns about delivery of basic services. The PNG economy has been in a state of recession since the mid-1990s with negative growth in 7 of the last 9 years. The fiscal situation has been compromised by large deficits. Debt-to-GDP ratio has risen to levels where debt servicing is significant claim on total revenues. Poverty levels have been rising. A growing imperative to contain levels of spending has raised significant concerns for maintaining the level of basic services while needs have grown, and it has also raised pertinent questions about how effectively social spending is translating into the actual delivery of services. The study focuses on the education sector though its findings have wider relevance. The problems that plague the education sector have close parallels in other sectors. The report presents some illustrative data for the health sector for which a limited amount of primary information was collected, but the study's inquiry into conditions promoting or impeding effective service delivery in education has broader relevance for other sectors in PNG, and beyond that for other countries too
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the measures of contingent protection regulated by the WTO and their purposes. They can be divided into two categories. The first one regards temporary provisions that can be used when a predefined set of circumstances legitimize temporary increases in import barriers. The second one includes permanent exceptions to the general obligations. Temporary restrictions allowed by the WTO are anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, and safeguard measures, (tariffs to assist with balance of payments problems, tariffs to protect infant industries, or tariffs for emergency protection). Permanent exceptions are general waivers from binding obligations, which, in contrast with the other mechanisms, must be formally approved by the WTO Council
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malawi Country Procurement Assessment Report is a joint undertaking between the Malawi Government and the World Bank to analyze the country procurement system and recommend appropriate actions to improve the efficiency, economy and transparency of the system. This report is divided into (a) an Executive Summary, (b) Main Report on Findings and Recommendations, and (c) Annexes. Since the preparation of the diagnostic study on Malawi's public procurement system in 1996, the Government has made good progress with establishing new - and relatively good - legal framework for procurement reform. But there has not yet been much reform (institutional, practical and oversight). In 2003, the Malawi Parliament passed a new procurement law, the Public Procurement Act of 2003, which became effective in August of that year. The new Procurement Act requires procurement regulations to provide, among things, thresholds for the use of the various procurement methods, bid and bid evaluation procedures and contract management. The analysis of the CPAR is carried out against the five basic pillars of a sound public procurement system, including: (i) a functioning legal, regulatory and institutional framework, (ii) use of modernized procurement procedures and practices; (iii) procurement proficiency of Government staff; (iv) independence of audits and recourse for complaints; and (v) inclusion of anti-corruption measures in the procurement law and application of effective sanctions. In addition, the CPAR analyses the performance of the private sector in public procurement and the procurement performance of Bank financed projects. The analysis has led to the recommendations made below, summarized in the Action Plan, to strengthen each pillar over time. Weaknesses in current procurement performance are identified as substantial delays in the procurement process, insufficient capacity, and inadequacies in procurement organization, documents and management. The continued reliance on the Interim Guidelines, which include a number of practices that are considered incompatible with internationally acceptable procurement standards, are also partially to blame for this
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In this study, the authors analyze where we stand and where we are heading on capital market development. More specifically, this study has three main goals. First, the authors take stock of the state and evolution of Latin American capital markets and related reforms, over time and relative to other countries. Second, authors analyze the factors driving the development of capital markets, with particular interest on measuring the impact of reforms. Third, in light of this analysis, authors discuss the prospects for capital market development in Latin America and emerging economies in general, and the implications for the reform agenda going forward. To understand the state and future of capital markets in developing countries, the report consists of three additional chapters. Chapter two documents the main developments in international financial markets and the increasing globalization process. The chapter also describes the influence of these worldwide trends on Latin America, with particular attention to the effects on the policies and reforms adopted. Chapter three evaluates the factors behind the development (or lack of development) of capital markets. The chapter first studies how different macroeconomic and institutional variables affect the development of domestic stock and bond markets and their internationalization. The second part of chapter three analyzes the effects of reforms on capital markets. The chapter finishes by examining whether the experience of Latin America is similar to that of other regions. Finally, chapter four discusses the future of capital markets in developing countries, the policy implications, and the lessons for the reform agenda
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Series Statement: miniAtlas Series
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Le 'miniAtlas du developpement global' est un guide permettant de discerner en un seul coup d'oeil les problemer de developpement les plus urgents dans le monde. Fonde sur la compliation predominante de donnees de developpement de la Banque Mondiale-les 'Indicateurs de developpement mondial'-ainsi que 'l'Atlas de la Banque Mondiale' et le 'Petit livre de donnes', le 'miniAtlas' fournit des cartes en couleur et faciles a lire, des tableaux et des graphiques qui recapitulent les principales donnees sociales, economiques et environnementales de 208 pays et territoires. Plus particulierement destine a presenter des informations detaillees en format poche, le 'miniAtlas' constitue une introduction pratique et une reference rapide aux problemes actuels de developpements les plus urgents
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357336 , 9780821357330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Now in its 6th edition, The Little Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key development data for 206 countries. Profiles of each country include 54 key development indicators like: Population and population growth; GNI, GDP, GDP growth, Exports and Imports, and Gross Capital Formation; Deforestation, Water Use, Energy Use and Electricity Use per Capita; Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate, Child Malnutrition, Prevalence of HIV, Girls in Primary School; Paved Roads, Aircraft Departures, Personal Computers; High-technology exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Present Value of Debt, and Aid per Capita. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000. Separate tables summarize data for the World, by Region (East Asia and Pacific, Middle East and Africa, etc.), and Income Group. A helpful Glossary of Terms defines each indicator
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821358286 , 9780821358283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of these Guidelines is to define the Bank's policies and procedures for selecting, contracting, and monitoring consultants required for projects that are financed in whole or in part by loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), credits or grants from the International Development Association (IDA), or grants from the Bank or trust funds administered by the Bank and executed by the beneficiary
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356828 , 9780821356821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (288 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359711 , 9780821359716
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (128 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 2: Letter of Transmittal, Management's Discussion and Analysis, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports, and Special Purpose Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports of the International Development Association
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821360051 , 9780821360057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
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  • 40
    ISBN: 1552501140 , 9781552501146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (384 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Fish species that migrate within the great rivers of South America support important local fisheries but are little known outside their native range. This book, written specially for the World Bank and the International Development Research Centre, represents the first collection of the work of local scientific experts on these remarkable fish. The authors cover the Upper Paraná, Paraguay-Paraná, Uruguay and São Francisco basins in Brazil, as well as the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon. They discuss not only the principal migratory species and their fascinating relationship with the water cycle in the rivers and wetlands, but also the fisheries they support, and their often precarious conservation status
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  • 41
    ISBN: 0821357409 , 9780821357408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: The external financing environment facing developing countries has brightened. In 2003, as global growth gained momentum, private capital flows to developing countries increased to
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821358766 , 9780821358764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Studies
    Abstract: The Health Sector in Eritrea is part of the World Bank Country Study series. These reports are published with the approval of the subject government to communicate the results of the Bank's work on the economic and related conditions of member countries to governments and to the development community. In March 2001, the Ministry of Health of the Government of Eritrea launched a process to prepare a long-term health sector policy and strategic plan (HSPSP), with a focus on assuring equitable, quality, and sustainable health care. The Ministry outlined an open, participatory, three-step process for developing the HSPSP, with active participation from all partners in the health sector. Step One is the preparation of a health sector review carried out by the World Bank (this study), based on existing documentation provided by the Government and other sources. Step Two consists of conducting an in-depth health sector analysis among five sub-sector working groups-PHC, hospital reform, pharmaceuticals, human resource development, health financing-leading to Step Three, the preparation of a rationale for investments in the future development of the health sector. This study serves as the preliminary basis for further rounds of discussions and analyses among stakeholders to arrive at a strategic vision for the Eritrea health sector. It incorporates comments received from the Ministry of Health's central agencies, Zoba (regional) health teams, external partners working in Eritrea, and the World Bank Eritrea Country Team
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821359444 , 9780821359440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (220 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Finance Corporation Annual Report
    Abstract: IFC shares the primary objective of all World Bank Group institutions: to reduce poverty and improve the lives of people in its developing member countries. Since 1956, IFC has committed more than
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357476 , 9780821357477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (172 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The proliferation of regional trade agreements is fundamentally altering the world trade landscape. The number of agreements in force surpasses 200 and has risen eight-fold in two decades. Today as much as 40 percent of global trade takes place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, and Development addresses two questions: What are the characteristics of agreements that most promote-or hinder-development for member countries? Does the proliferation of agreements pose risks to the multilateral trading system, and if so, how can these risks be managed? The report argues that agreements leading to open regionalism-that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs-are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Such regional agreements can complement a strategy that, on the one hand, includes autonomous liberalization to promote productivity gains and, on the other hand, leverages domestic reforms to enhance market access. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries. Lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimizing these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all countries in the World Trade Organization will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 1904339204 , 9781904339205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (366 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This compact but comprehensive exposé of the best international practical experience in catastrophe risk management at the country level outlines the key challenges involved in building national catastrophe insurance schemes. Clearly illustrates how countries exposed to natural disasters can manage their catastrophe risk exposures to reduce the cost of risk for national economies by following the classical corporate risk management model. Contains valuable practical insights for risk and insurance professionals, and government policy makers on the key challenges involved in designing a successful national catastrophe risk management programme. Offers innovative insights of the foremost academics in the area alongside practical expertise from leading international reinsurance and risk professionals, based on their experience of running some of the largest catastrophe risk programmes worldwide. Demonstrates the importance of public-private partnerships in catastrophe risk financing by suggesting the roles of government and private risk markets. In addition to risk financing, this title uniquely covers the role of risk reduction and prevention in disaster prone countries. Examines the best international practices at each stage of catastrophe risk management including: country risk assessments and risk modelling, risk transfer products as well as optimal institutional arrangements for national catastrophe risk management, including national reinsurance and insurance pools
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357204 , 9780821357200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (436 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: African Development Indicators 2004 provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It contains more than 500 macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators, covering 53 African countries with data from 1970-2002. The book is grouped into 15 chapters: background data; national accounts; prices and exchange rates; money and banking; external sector; external debt and related flows; government finance; agriculture; power, communications, and transportation; public enterprises; labor force and employment; aid flows; social indicators; environmental indicators; and HIPC debt initiative. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the nature of the data and their limitations, followed by a set of statistical tables, charts, and technical notes that define the indicators and identify their specific source. Included this year are new tables on HIV/AIDS, Communications and Transportation, and the HIPC Debt Initiative. Designed to provide all those interested in Africa with a focused and convenient set of data to monitor development programs and aid flows in the region, this is an invaluable reference tools for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of the economic and social developments occurring in Africa
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357298 , 9780821357293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (416 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators, the World Bank's respected statistical publication presents the most current and accurate information on global development on both a national level and aggregated globally. This information allows readers to monitor the progress made toward meeting the goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations in September 2001 in their Millennium Development Goals. The 400-page print edition of World Development Indicators 2004 allows you to consult over 80 tables and over 800 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups, as well as basic indicators for a further 55 economies. There are key indicators for the latest year available, important regional data, and income group analysis. The report contains six thematic presentations of analytical commentary covering: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. The CD-ROM editions contain 40 years of time series data for more than 200 countries from 1960-2002, single-year observations, and spreadsheets on many topics. It contains more than 1,000 country tables and the text from the World Development Indicators 2004 print edition and the World Bank Atlas 2003. The Windows® based format permits users to search for and retrieve data in spreadsheet form, create maps and charts, and fully download them into other popular software programs for study or presentation purposes
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357417 , 9780821357415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: The external financing environment facing developing countries has brightened. In 2003, as global growth gained momentum, private capital flows to developing countries increased to
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 80 p) , ill , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.75
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Sustainable development ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73)
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821358294 , 9780821358290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of these Guidelines is to inform those carrying out a project that is financed in whole or in part by loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or a credit or grant from the International Development Association (IDA), of the policies that govern the procurement of goods, works, and services (other than consultant services) reqired for the project
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  • 51
    ISBN: 0821358006 , 9780821358009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (287 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: The Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) is one of the world's best known series of conferences for the presentation and discussion of new knowledge about development. First held at World Bank headquarters in Washington D.C. in 1988, the ABCDE has become broader in scope as the world's economies have become more interconnected and challenges have become more complex. Presenting the proceedings of the May 2003 World Bank Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE), the volume imparts new research findings and discussions on key policy issues related to poverty reduction by eminent scholars and practitioners from around the world. Topics include Fostering Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth; Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions; Participation, Inclusion and Results and Scaling Up and Evaluation. Contributors to the volume include, Nicholas Stern, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank; Azim Hasham Premji, Chairman of Bangalore's Wipro Corporation; Francois Bourguignon of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Possiy, France; Partha Dasgupta of Cambridge University; Justin Lin of Hong Kong University; Rakesh Mohan, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India; Jean Philippe Platteau of the University of Namur, Belgium; Karen Polenske of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; T. N. Srinivasan, of Yale University; and Anthony Venables of the London School of Economics. The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2004 is a critical reference guide for development research and will be of interest to practitioners and those studying international development and poverty reduction
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821357719 , 9780821357712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (124 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 1: Message from the Chairman, The Board of Executive Directors, The World Bank Group, The Development Agenda, Regional Perspectives, Thematic Perspectives, Improving Development Effectiveness, Summary of Fiscal 2004 Activities, and About the World Bank
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena The Impact of China's WTO Accession on East Asia
    Keywords: Capital ; Capital Markets ; Comparative Advantage ; Competition ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange Rates ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; World Trade Organization ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Comparative Advantage ; Competition ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange Rates ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; World Trade Organization ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Comparative Advantage ; Competition ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange Rates ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession will have major implications for China and present both opportunities and challenges for East Asia. Ianchovichina and Walmsley assess the possible channels through which China's accession to the WTO could affect East Asia and quantify these effects using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. China will be the biggest beneficiary of accession, followed by the industrial and newly industrializing economies (NIEs) in East Asia. But their benefits are small relative to the size of their economies and to the vigorous growth projected to occur in the region over the next 10 years. By contrast, developing countries in East Asia are expected to incur small declines in real GDP and welfare as a result of China's accession, mainly because with the elimination of quotas on Chinese textile and apparel exports to industrial countries China will become a formidable competitor in areas in which these countries have comparative advantage. With WTO accession China will increase its demand for petrochemicals, electronics, machinery, and equipment from Japan and the NIEs, and farm, timber, energy products, and other manufactures from the developing countries in East Asia. New foreign investment is likely to flow into these expanding sectors. The overall impact on foreign investment is likely to be positive in the NIEs, but negative for the less developed East Asian countries as a result of the contraction of these economies' textile and apparel sector. As China becomes a more efficient supplier of services or a more efficient producer of high-end manufactures, its comparative advantage will shift into higher-end products. This is good news for the poor developing economies in East Asia, but it implies that the impact of China's WTO accession on the NIEs may change to include heightened competition in global markets. This paper—a product of the Economic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network—is part of a larger effort in the network to assess the impact of China's WTO accession
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartlomiej Stabilization and Association Process in the Balkans
    Keywords: Bilateral Free Trade Agreements ; Competitive Market ; Competitive Markets ; Customs Procedures ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; Industry Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Liberalization ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Bilateral Free Trade Agreements ; Competitive Market ; Competitive Markets ; Customs Procedures ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; Industry Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Liberalization ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Bilateral Free Trade Agreements ; Competitive Market ; Competitive Markets ; Customs Procedures ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; Industry Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Liberalization ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Abstract: The stabilization and association process launched by the European Union in the aftermath of the Kosovo war in 1999 has created a new policy environment for five South East European countries (SEE-5). In exchange for EU assistance, the prospect of EU accession, and the continuation of preferential access to EU markets, SEE-5 governments have to upgrade their institutions and governance by European standards and engage in mutual regional cooperation, including stability pact member-countries. Kaminski and de la Rocha examine the benefits to SEE-5 of trade liberalization along two dimensions and suggest conditions under which these could be maximized. They argue that the process of regional trade liberalization should be extended to multilateral liberalization, aligning SEE-5 most-favored-nation (MFN) applied tariffs on industrial products with EU MFN tariffs, and that priority be given to structural reforms and regional cooperation aimed at trade facilitation. As interindustry trade rather than intra-industry trade dominates intra-SEE-5 trade, the potential for expansion in intra-SEE-5 trade is limited at least within the confines of the existing production structures and transportation infrastructure. Therefore SEE-5 free trade agreements are unlikely to contribute to economic growth without concurrent efforts to improve infrastructure, trade facilitation, business, and investment climate, as well as to increase competition from MFN imports to external preferential suppliers through multilateral liberalization. This paper—a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region—was prepared in the context of the World Bank's regional program for South Eastern Europe. Its objective is to support the integration in the world economy—and in Europe in particular—of five countries that are currently engaged with the European Union in the stabilization and association process
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821354272 , 9780821354278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book 2003 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The World Bank's mission is to fight poverty for lasting results. Enhancing environmental quality, improving natural resource management, and maintaining global ecosystems are all important steps towards this goal, and The Little Green Data Book provides a baseline against which to measure progress
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 082135468X , 9780821354681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (288 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Too often, services fail poor people-in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health, education, and electricity do work for poor people means that governments and citizens can do a better job of providing them. Learning from success and understanding the sources of failure, this year's World Development Report, argues that services can be improved by putting poor people at the center of service provision. How? By enabling the poor to monitor and discipline service providers, by amplifying their voice in policymaking, and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor. Freedom from illness and freedom from illiteracy are two of the most important ways poor people can escape from poverty. To achieve these goals, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. The World Development Report provides a practical framework for making the services that contribute to human development work for poor people. With this framework, citizens, governments, and donors can take action and accelerate progress toward the common objective of poverty reduction, as specified in the Millennium Development Goals
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821353861 , 9780821353868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (320 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    Abstract: The World Bank's Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) was held in Bangalore, India on May 21-23, 2003. The ABCDE, one of the world's best-known conferences on development, was held for the first time in a developing country. "Accelerating Development" was the theme of the 2003 conference. Eminent scholars and practitioners from around the world presented new research findings and discuss key policy issues related to poverty reduction at the conference. The ABCDE has been held annually in Washington DC since 1989; since 1999, a similar conference has been held each year in Europe. Starting with the 2003 conference in Bangalore, each of these conferences will be held in a developing country every other year. This change reflects the growing importance of research done in developing countries and the need to bring such conferences closer to participants in the developing world. Conference topics for the ABCDE in Bangalore included: Fostering Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth; Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions; Participation, Inclusion and Results; Scaling Up and Evaluation
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821354264 , 9780821354261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book, a pocket-sized ready reference, contains key development data for 208 countries. The Little Data Book 2003 provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators including: Population and population growth. GNI, GDP growth, Exports and Imports, and Gross Capital Formation. Deforestation, Water Use, Energy Use and Electricity Use per Capita. Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate, Child Malnutrition, Prevalence of HIV, Girls in Primary School. Paved Roads, Aircraft Departures, Personal Computers. High-technology exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Present Value of Debt, and Aid per Capita. Drawing on data from the World Development Indicators 2003, The Little Data Book 2003 provides a quick reference to the latest available data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356739 , 9780821356739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (200 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This book examines the influence of local public services on the economics of cities. The relationship between economic development and urbanization is indisputable; less clear, however, are the ways in which cities directly contribute to economic growth and employment creation. Current economic thinking holds that the ability of cities to create wealth depends on "agglomeration economies;" that is, the geographic concentration of industries and people which enables economic actors to come together, interact, and become productive. However, this ability to promote productive interaction depends on several factors, one of which is the provision of local public services. The book argues that the quality of local services significantly influences the productivity of a city, and of its business firms. Inferior local services increase the cost of interaction, erode the effects of agglomeration, and diminish wealth-creation potential. This study attempts to assess the costs of inferior local public services to firms. Based on surveys conducted in five cities-Belo Horizonte (Brazil), Montreal (Canada), Puebla (Mexico), San José (Costa Rica), and San Salvador (El Salvador)-it examines the complex issues surrounding local service provision, and illustrates how inferior local services affect firms and, in turn, the ability of firms to contribute to wealth
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Integrative Fiduciary Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The challenges faced by Zambia in public expenditure management (PEM) have been longstanding, and will require targeted efforts, as well as a strong degree of political will to address. The recently launched constitutional review, which includes issues of public finance, the anti-corruption campaign of the new Government, and the renewed interest by Parliament in governance issues, and accountability have all been encouraging steps. Nevertheless, for Zambia to assure that public accountability is enduring, and not dependent upon the Government of the day, it must take steps to strengthen institutions of the State that can provide public oversight, and that promote basic checks and balances. This report provides a very detailed analysis of the country's PEM, and accountability processes. Yet, many of the recommendations are not new, but have been cited in previous reports of the Bank, and/or other donors. Effective implementation of public sector reforms will likely remain a challenge in Zambia. The limited capacity of Government suggests the need to target a few major aspects of public finance, and to address them persistently: improving compliance with existing regulations; strengthening the oversight institutions of the State; promoting public access to information; and, rebuilding information management, and reporting systems. The report also deals with the second objective of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), i.e., with ways and methods by which the Government can ensure efficient, equitable, and transparent management of public resources. It also focuses on the dimension of governance, i.e., the effectiveness of government to be able to provide public services. The specific objectives of the report are to: (a) provide a comprehensive and integrated assessment of Zambia's overall fiduciary risk, i.e., budget management, financial systems and auditing, and public procurement; (b) document PEM reforms progress to-date, and challenges facing Zambia; and, (c) develop a realistic action plan, outlining short and medium term remedial measures, which the Government should implement with donor support
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: James D. Wolfensohn, President of the World Bank Group, discusses the great challenges faced by India on the issue of AIDS. He urged greater education of students about the dangers of the disease and to deal with the issues of prevention. For those that have been taken by the disease, deal in an open and equitable way with the sufferers who are getting treatment. He also said that graduates also will convey the messages when they become teachers, when they train teachers, when they pass the message down to high schools and primary schools and when they interface with their communities
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Bolivia. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Guatemala version of socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Uzbekistan. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Uzbekistan version of Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: The specific objectives of this Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) are to: 1) Review the existing situation in the sector, identify priority areas for policy changes or investments, and consider the role of the government, the private sector, and donors in implementing this agenda 2) Assess macroeconomic-environmental linkages and measures that affect long-term sustainability and financial viability within the priority areas 3) Provide a basis for defining the Bank's future involvement in the sector. The following environmental issues have been identified as critical, based on the negative impact of the current environmental conditions on human health, the economy, and natural ecosystems: Deteriorating trends in water, sanitation, and waste management; threat of coastal zone deterioration; air pollution hot spots; energy inefficiency; excessive industrial pollution; weak environmental management system, institutionally and legally; economic instruments that are more geared to revenue generation than to providing incentives for environmentally responsible behavior; quality and quantity of water resources; transboundary water and global environmental issues; and lack of sustainable forest management. The report recommends improving waste management, particularly hazardous waste; increasing provision of basic water and sanitation services to urban and rural poor; addressing environmental hot spots; strengthening institutional capacity for environmental management; preparing a coastal zone strategy; including in the environmental assessment potential liabilities in the advent of privatization; introducing measures to enhance energy efficiency and use renewable energy sources; instituting measures to reduce nutrient run-off to the Danube; preparing a biodiversity strategy, identifying threatened species, and preparing an action plan; and preparing a management plan for Lake Skadar and introducing environmentally friendly natural resource use practices
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821353411 , 9780821353417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Doing Business
    Abstract: An important new annual publication from the World Bank, Doing Business in 2004 provides both qualitative and quantitative information on the business climate in over 130 countries. Doing Business constructs a new set of indicators on the regulatory environment for private sector development and provides a collection of informative case studies of real-life experiences. Doing Business in 2004 covers the fundamental aspects of a business life cycle, from starting a business to bankruptcy. Topics include access to credit, bankruptcy, entry regulations, contract enforcement, and labor regulations. Unique in its approach, Doing Business provides both the accurate data and in-depth analysis necessary to assess the environment for doing business, and offers answers to these critical questions: Which is the most expensive country for starting a new business? Which countries have the most rigid regulations on hiring and firing? Which countries have the most extensive business entry procedures? Why does heavy regulation lead to inefficiency and corruption? What countries are most efficient in the area of contract enforcement? How do clearly-defined property rights enhance prosperity? What are the most successful regulatory models? Why? Over the next two years, Doing Business will address additional topics, indicator sets will be updated and the collection of case-studies added to. Through its ambitious agenda, Doing Business will provide an understanding of business environments throughout the world, the factors that influence them, and how conducive they are to private sector development. Doing Business is a comprehensive resource for investors, economic advisers, business developers and policymakers
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821355821 , 9780821355824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (336 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The Doha Development Agenda of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO opened many contentious and important questions. Global Economic Prospects 2004: Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda analyzes the most critical multilateral trade issues and suggests policy options that would raise living standards in developing countries and reduce global poverty. The fourteenth annual edition of Global Economic Prospects explores the short-, medium-, and long-term outlook for the global economy, including driving forces, commodity prices, and capital flows, and their implications for major regions. It reviews recent trends in exports from developing countries, trade barriers that work to the disadvantage of poor people, and policies to reduce protection and other inequities in the world trading system. Global Economic Prospects 2004 examines trade in agriculture-the most important and politically contentious sector for global poverty reduction-including key lessons from development experience, possible changes to the current system of subsidies and protection, and the potential for liberalization in both rich and poor countries. It investigates the temporary movement of labor-so-called Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services-evaluating its advantages and disadvantages to both the home and the host countries, and discusses trade facilitation in light of post-9/11 concerns for security to suggest new policies that would promote greater and more-secure trade. Finally, Global Economic Prospects 2004 reviews the special treatment of developing countries in the world trading system and the role of trade preferences, exemptions from WTO rules, and technical assistance to implement WTO trade regulations. Global Economic Prospects 2004 provides essential information for those concerned with developments shaping today's global economy
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Vietnam. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Vietnam version of Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Yemen. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Yemen version of Socio- Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Niger. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Guatemala version of Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study analyses the institutional impediments to investment and growth in SEE and suggests 'second generation' policy reforms to ease these constraints. Chapter one reviews the recent trends in the economies of the eight countries that comprise the region (SEE8) and their prospects for international and intra-regional integration. It conveys the message that a favorable institutional framework for domestic and foreign investment is essential to achieve sustainable growth in SEE. The chapter presents the scope, methodology, and the approach the study undertakes for assessing the role of key market institutions in SEE business development. The analysis utilizes not only traditional, official data from the eight countries to assess the characteristics, trends and relationships between these institutions, but also employs data from a set of 40 original enterprise-level business case studies carried out in each of the eight countries and the two rounds of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted in 1999 and 2002. The study focuses on four institutions that relate fundamentally to the efficient operation of market incentives in an economy: (i) inter-enterprise competition and economic barriers to entry/exit, (ii) access to (regulated) utilities and infrastructure services, (iii) corporate governance, financial transparency and access to finance, and (iv) commercial dispute resolution. The methodological tools employed in the analysis investigate these institutions systematically across the eight SEE countries to allow for cross-country and cross-sectoral comparisons, and to develop a regional as well as a country-specific perspective on corresponding policy challenges. Chapter two presents an overview assessment of each of the four core issues of this study. It reviews in the aggregate the business environment in the eight countries, based on BEEPS (1 and 2) and the EBRD transition indicators. The remaining sections of this overview present a summary of the main findings of each of the four core chapters of the study: competition, regulated infrastructure utilities, corporate governance and finance, and commercial dispute resolution
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The unprecedented and irreversible loss of biodiversity in modern times is caused primarily by the elimination or degradation of natural habitats around the world. Since the construction and improvement of roads sometimes leads, directly or indirectly, to the loss and degradation of natural habitats, road construction and biodiversity aims are often at odds. However, many potentially serious conflicts between road projects and biodiversity conservation can be avoided. Induced negative impacts of road projects on biodiversity can be minimized by careful project siting, taking special care to avoid passing through protected areas and other critical natural habitats, including forested areas (which are especially vulnerable to induced impacts). Where some natural habitat loss is inevitable, appropriate mitigation may include the establishment of strict protection zones alongside the road, or compensatory protected areas elsewhere to offset the expected road-related natural habitat loss (as is typically required under the World Bank's Natural Habitats Policy). This kind of mitigation requires effective inter-agency collaboration--for example, between the agencies responsible for roads and protected areas. Direct adverse impacts of road works on biodiversity can also be significant, but they are generally simpler to avoid or mitigate, because they are more fully under the control of road construction agencies, contractors, and concessionaires. Biodiversity loss and environmental damage can be considerably reduced when planners and road construction agencies site roads adjacent to existing railways, pipelines, or transmission lines; practice sound road engineering; maintain good drainage and natural water flows; minimize roadside habitat loss; and, exercise care in the siting and design of borrow pits, construction camps, and other complementary facilities. Environmental rules for contractors, including transparent penalties for noncompliance, need to be incorporated within bidding documents and contracts. Ideally, road projects are designed and implemented so as to avoid or compensate adequately for any adverse impacts on natural habitats and biodiversity. Through mitigation measures such as support for compensatory protected areas, potentially controversial projects can even produce significant net environmental benefits, a win-win outcome
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Guatemala. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Guatemala version of socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Turkey. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Turkey version of Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Morocco. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Morocco version of Socio - Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 75
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (323 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: En la decada de los noventa hemos asistido a un incremento espectacular de la liberalizacion de las politicas de transporte. Lamentablemente, la transicion del gobierno hacia su nuevo papel esta siendo mas complicada de lo previsto, requiriendo ajustes con el fin de garantizar que se obtengan las ganancias financieras y de eficiencia esperadas. El objetivo de este libro es ayudar a los gobiernos a aprender a asumir estas nuevas tareas. En muchos paises ya existe un numero elevado de operadores privados, y los reguladores necesitan llevar a cabo acciones efectivas para conseguir que la participacion privada proporcione resultados sostenibles, eficientes y justos en el sector del transporte. El libro proporciona una vision panoramica de las razones economicas que justifican la regulacion. Asimismo, resume las tendencias de los procesos de privatizacion y regulacion observadas en el sector para ofrecer una vision general de las principales opciones que brinda la experiencia internacional, recogiendo algunos casos de estudio con fines ilustrativos. Tambien abarca la regulacion de precios y subraya los problemas y los procedimientos relacionados con la fijacion de precios y analiza los temas relevantes relacionados con la regulacion de la calidad. Con el fin de facilitar la tarea de los reguladores, en la ultima seccion describe los indicadores principales que permiten un seguimiento de la evolucion de las principales variables de las actividades de transporte
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Indonesia. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Indonesia version of socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Malawi. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Malawi version of socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Nepal. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Nepal version of Socio - Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Abstract: The region had already be ...
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR)intends to determine the compatibility of national procurement law, and practices, with the principles of economy, and with international procurement practices. This CPAR, the second of its kind in Tanzania, looks at the legislative framework, the performance of regulatory functions, the enforcement regime, and the capacity of public sector institutions to conduct procurement, including the effects of corruption on procurement. Recommendations suggest to disseminate the new Local Government Authority Procurement regulations, and, establish the Public Procurement Appeals Authority with its necessary amendments of decentralizing procurement operations, while introducing mandatory time limits on various steps in the procurement process. Current procedures, and practices should further enforce rules on advertising, pre-qualification, submission and opening of bids, and the use of an evaluation criteria through regular audits, and effective sanctions. In addition, a credible complaints mechanisms should be in place, by strengthening the capacity of the Central Tender Board (CTB). In the short-term, operational, and regulatory functions should be separated from the CTB, decentralizing procurement to the ministerial level, establishing a Regulatory Authority (RA) to report directly to the Minister of Finance. In the medium-term, an information management system should link the RA with procuring entities, and, for the long-term, Government stores should be closed, introducing instead a system based on framework agreements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
    ISBN: 0821354361 , 9780821354360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This is the sixth Annual Review of Development Effectiveness (ARDE), covering the year 2002, whose findings indicate that the Bank's country, sector, and global programs are consistent with the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) themes, increasingly focused on poverty reduction. The review assesses, and evaluates the outcomes of its development assistance, indicating that at the project level, outcomes continue to improve, with seventy seven percent satisfactory ratings in FY01 (exceeding for a second year the Strategic Compact target of seventy five percent); over two thirds of projects were rated as likely, or highly likely to be sustained; and, one half rated as having substantial, or higher institutional development impacts. Sector strategies show increasing attention to poverty linkages, although findings suggest intensified efforts in the identification of relevant development outcomes, and corresponding intermediate indicators, as well as strengthening capacities, and incentives to monitor, and evaluate development outcomes. The Bank must move from recognizing the multi-sectoral determinants of development outcomes, to developing and implementing cross-sectoral strategies. Above all, the Bank needs to fully assess the implications at the corporate, country, sector, and global levels of the MDGs, and address these implications in its use of lending, and administrative resources
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dasgupta, Susmita The Poverty/Environment Nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Environmental degradation can inflict serious damage on poor people because their livelihoods often depend on natural resource use and their living conditions may offer little protection from air, water, and soil pollution. At the same time, poverty-constrained options may induce the poor to deplete resources and degrade the environment at rates that are incompatible with long-term sustainability. In such cases, degraded resources may precipitate a downward spiral, by further reducing the income and livelihoods of the poor. This "poverty/environment nexus" has become a major issue in the recent literature on sustainable development. In regions where the nexus is significant, jointly addressing problems of poverty and environmental degradation may be more cost-effective than addressing them separately. Empirical evidence on the prevalence and importance of the poverty/environment nexus is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. The authors use newly available spatial and survey data to investigate the spatial dimension of the nexus in Cambodia, and Lao People's Democratic Republic. The data enable the authors to quantify several environmental problems at the district and provincial level. In a parallel exercise, they map the provincial distribution of poor households. Merging the geographic information on poverty and the environment, the authors search for the nexus using geo-referenced indicator maps and statistical analysis. The results suggest that the nexus is country-specific: geographical, historical, and institutional factors may all play important roles in determining the relative importance of poverty and environment links in different contexts. Joint implementation of poverty and environment strategies may be cost-effective for some environmental problems, but independent implementation may be preferable in many cases as well. Since the search has not revealed a common nexus, the authors conclude on a cautionary note. The evidence suggests that the nexus concept can provide a useful catalyst for country-specific work, but not a general formula for program design. This paper—a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand poverty/environment links in different contexts
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (64 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: McNulty, Mary East Asia's Dynamic Development Model and the Republic of Korea's Experiences
    Keywords: Capital ; Competition ; Criteria ; Cultural Policy ; Culture & Development ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Development ; Economic Progress ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Thought ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Influence ; Inheritance ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology Industry ; Capital ; Competition ; Criteria ; Cultural Policy ; Culture & Development ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Development ; Economic Progress ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Thought ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Influence ; Inheritance ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology Industry ; Capital ; Competition ; Criteria ; Cultural Policy ; Culture & Development ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Development ; Economic Progress ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Thought ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Influence ; Inheritance ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology Industry
    Abstract: No region has been more dynamic in recent years than East Asia. Despite its successful economic development, evaluations of the East Asian development model have often been capricious, shifting from "miracle" to "cronyism." How can we explain East Asia's ups and downs consistently? To respond to this challenge, it is necessary to study the progress of East Asian development and to trace the influence of Asian cultural values. This study mainly focuses on cultural aspects of economic progress and analyzes East Asia's philosophical and historical backgrounds to explain the dynamic process. East Asians believe that balance between opposite but complementary forces, Yin and Yang, will ensure social stability and progress. Through repeated rebalancing to maintain harmony, the society comes to maturity. In traditional East Asian societies, a balance was maintained between Confucianism (Yang) and Taoism, Buddhism, and other philosophies (Yin). In modern societies, the challenge is to balance traditional systems (Yang) and Western style capitalism (Yin). This East Asian development model explains the Republic of Korea's rise, fall, and recovery. Korea was a poor country until the early 1960s, during the time when spiritualism (Yang) dominated. From the 1960s through the 1980s, Korea achieved rapid growth by finding a new balance and moving toward materialism (Yin) from spiritualism (Yang). But the failure to maintain a harmonious balance between cooperatism and collectivism (Yang) and individualism (Yin) led to major weaknesses in labor and financial markets that contributed significantly to the financial crisis in 1997. As Korea arrived at a new balance by instituting reform programs, the venture-oriented information and communication technology (ICT) industry blossomed and led to a rapid economic recovery. Since 2000, domestic financial scandals and political corruption have emerged as new social issues. Korea's next challenge is to find a new harmonization between moralism (Yang) and legalism (Yin). This paper—a product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics—is part of a larger effort in the Bank to examine institutional and cultural foundations of development across regions and countries
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821350641 , 9780821350645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (676 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Law, Justice, and Development
    Abstract: Sustainable poverty reduction and equitable economic development depend on the solid foundation of the rule of law. These reforms are underpinned by legal reform, whether it be to increase efficiency in business transactions, benefit from globalization policies, improve the way governments deliver essential services, or facilitate access to a more efficient and effective justice system. Internationally, rules and frameworks of cooperation are required in order to confront new global threats, such as communicable diseases, attacks on the environmental commons, destabilizing capital movements, and money laundering. The World Bank Legal Review, the first in a new annual series, offers a combination of legal scholarship, lessons from experience, legal developments, and recent reports on the many ways in which the application of law and the improvement of justice systems promote poverty reduction, economic development, and the rule of law. This book, produced by the Legal Vice Presidency of the World Bank, is a publication for policymakers and their legal advisers, attorneys and other professionals involved in the area of international development
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821352067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 267 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/0981091734
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821353667 , 9780821353660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This book is designed to promote the development of infrastructure services in Honduras, with the aim of improving the country's competitiveness and contributing to poverty reduction. Its central argument is that Honduras needs a significant increase in private investment in infrastructure services, which should take place in a more competitive environment and be subject to an adequate legal and regulatory framework. The study details the progress to date in Honduran infrastructure sectors, identifying the principal problems that exist and outlining a strategy for their solution. It proposes a general set of principles that should guide the provision of infrastructure services. In addition, it recommends specific policies for each sector. The document's scope includes the following services: transportation, water and sanitation, electricity, and telecommunications
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356488 , 9780821356487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The overview of the Global Economic Prospects (GEP) 2004 addresses the Doha Agenda and its effects or failures on global trade integration. The document contains commentary and analysis of international trade and its effects on developing countries and the poor populations of more developed countries. The principle inequities in the global trading system are addressed as well as summarized conclusions from the larger GEP publication
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  • 88
    ISBN: 0821356690 , 9780821356692
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (104 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF)-launched by World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn in early 1999-has become an important influence on the global development agenda. The CDF consists of four principles - a Long-Term, Holistic Development Framework; Results Orientation; Country Ownership; and Country Led-Partnership. These core principles are not new individually, but bringing them together as a unified concept and championing the package within the global development community has been an important innovation. This evaluation, conducted by multi-disciplinary teams with members from developed and developing countries, shows that both donors and recipients have made progress in implementing the CDF principles, particularly in countries where one or more of the principles have been applied over a number of years. However, these positive changes are fragile and could be stalled or reversed. Implementing the principles requires changes in entrenched behaviors and institutional practices. Thus, dedicated and consistent attention is needed by top donor leadership and recipient countries to ensure that momentum is sustained. The in-depth case studies focus on Bolivia, Ghana, Romania, Uganda and Vietnam-all CDF pilot countries at the time - and Burkina Faso (a non-CDF pilot)
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena Long-Run Impacts of China's WTO Accession on Farm-Nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty
    Keywords: Agricultural Policy ; Agriculture ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Households ; Farm Incomes ; Farm Products ; Farm Sector ; Farm Work ; Farmers ; Food Insecurity ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; World Trade Organization ; Agricultural Policy ; Agriculture ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Households ; Farm Incomes ; Farm Products ; Farm Sector ; Farm Work ; Farmers ; Food Insecurity ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; World Trade Organization ; Agricultural Policy ; Agriculture ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Households ; Farm Incomes ; Farm Products ; Farm Sector ; Farm Work ; Farmers ; Food Insecurity ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: Many fear China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will impoverish its rural people by way of greater import competition in its agricultural markets. Anderson, Huang, and Ianchovichina explore that possibility bearing in mind that, even if producer prices of some (land-intensive) farm products fall, prices of other (labor-intensive) farm products could rise. Also, the removal of restrictions on exports of textiles and clothing could boost town and village enterprises, so demand for unskilled labor for nonfarm work in rural areas may grow even if demand for farm labor in aggregate falls. New estimates, from the global economywide numerical simulation model known as GTAP, of the likely changes in agricultural and other product prices as a result of WTO accession are drawn on to examine empirically the factor reward implications of China's WTO accession. The results suggest farm-nonfarm and Western-Eastern income inequality may well rise in China but rural-urban income inequality need not. The authors conclude with some policy suggestions for alleviating any pockets of farm household poverty that may emerge as a result of WTO accession. This paper—a product of the Economic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network—is part of a larger effort in the network to assess the impact of China's WTO accession
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  • 90
    ISBN: 0821354280 , 9780821354285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (252 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: Since the late 1990s, an essential shift has taken place in the pattern of private sector financial flows to developing countries. Debt flows have fallen sharply, while equity flows--primarily in the form of foreign direct investment--have remained comparatively robust. The shift from debt to equity ought to diminish the volatility of developing countries' external finance and improve their access to technology, markets, and management expertise. However, much more needs to be done to put development finance on a stable basis. Global Development Finance 2003 is unique in its depth of coverage of the issues related to international development finance. By putting all development-related flows in a consistent framework, the publication will allow government officials, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community to better understand, manage, and promote the key challenges of financing development. Global Development Finance 2003, I: Analysis and Statistical Appendix is the World Bank's annual review of recent trends in and prospects for financial flows to developing countries. It also contains the World Bank's projections of the global outlook in view of the current global geopolitical uncertainties
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition
    Keywords: Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing
    Abstract: While liberalizing key factor markets is a crucial step in the transition from a socialist control-economy to a market economy, the process can be stalled by imperfect information, high transaction costs, and covert resistance from entrenched interests. Ravallion and van de Walle study land-market adjustment in the wake of Vietnam's reforms aiming to establish a free market in land-use rights following de-collectivization. Inefficiencies in the initial administrative allocation are measured against an explicit counterfactual market solution. The authors' tests using a farm-household panel data set spanning the reforms suggest that land allocation responded positively but slowly to the inefficiencies of the administrative allocation. They find no sign that the transition favored the land rich or that it was thwarted by the continuing power over land held by local officials. This paper—a joint product of the Poverty Team and the Public Services Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the welfare impacts of major policy reforms
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization
    Keywords: Consumption Behavior ; Distributional Effects ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Food Commodities ; Food Items ; Food Staples ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Household Welfare ; Income ; Income Shares ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Developmen ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption Behavior ; Distributional Effects ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Food Commodities ; Food Items ; Food Staples ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Household Welfare ; Income ; Income Shares ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Developmen ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption Behavior ; Distributional Effects ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Food Commodities ; Food Items ; Food Staples ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Household Surveys ; Household Welfare ; Income ; Income Shares ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Developmen ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Chen and Ravallion use China's national household surveys for rural and urban areas to measure and explain the welfare impacts of the changes in goods and factor prices attributed to WTO accession. Price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities and are calibrated to the household-level data imposing minimum aggregation. The authors find negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses. This paper—a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the household welfare impacts of economywide policy changes
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Shleifer, Andrei The New Comparative Economics
    Keywords: Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: In recent years, comparative economics experienced a revival, with a new focus on comparing capitalist economies. The theme of the new research is that institutions exert a profound influence on economic development. The authors argue that, to understand capitalist institutions, one needs to understand the basic tradeoff between the costs of disorder and those of dictatorship. They then apply this logic to study the structure of efficient institutions, the consequences of colonial transplantation, and the politics of institutional choice. This paper—a product of the Private Sector Advisory Department, Private Sector Development Vice Presidency—is part of a larger effort to understand institutional differences in the regulation of business
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821354221 , 9780821354223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (416 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators (WDI) is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. The 400-page print edition allows users to consult 600 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups in more than 87 tables. A current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis are presented in six thematic chapters: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. Sample indicator topics include: Population & demographics Poverty & income distribution Energy Production & Use Urbanization Emissions Adjusted Savings Purchasing Power Parity Exports & Imports Balance of Payments External Debt Tax and Trade Policies Military Expenditures Transportation Development Assistance & Aid Information Technology Education & health Travel & Tourism GDP, GNI, etc. Reliable quantitative data is essential for understanding economic and social development because it provides evidence-evidence to set policies, monitor progress, and evaluate results. World Development Indicators allows users to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. These goals, agreed to by all member states of the United Nations, establish specific, measurable targets for development in the early 21st century. In addition to the most recent data presented in the print edition, complete time-series data from 1960 onwards are available in the CD-ROM and online versions of World Development Indicators
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  • 95
    ISBN: 0821354299 , 9780821354292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (663 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: Since the late 1990s, an essential shift has taken place in the pattern of private sector financial flows to developing countries. Debt flows have fallen sharply, while equity flows--primarily in the form of foreign direct investment--have remained comparatively robust. The shift from debt to equity ought to diminish the volatility of developing countries' external finance and improve their access to technology, markets, and management expertise. However, much more needs to be done to put development finance on a stable basis. Global Development Finance 2003 is unique in its depth of coverage of the issues related to international development finance. By putting all development-related flows in a consistent framework, the publication will allow government officials, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community to better understand, manage, and promote the key challenges of financing development. Global Development Finance 2003, I: Analysis and Statistical Appendix is the World Bank's annual review of recent trends in and prospects for financial flows to developing countries. It also contains the World Bank's projections of the global outlook in view of the current global geopolitical uncertainties. Global Development Finance 2003, II: Summary and Country Tables includes a comprehensive set of tables with statistical data for 138 countries that report debt under the World Bank Debtor Reporting System, as well as summary data for regions and income groups. It contains data on total external debt stocks and flows, aggregates, and key debt ratios, and provides a detailed, country-by-country picture of debt
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821356372 , 9780821356371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Too often, services fail poor people-in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health, education, and electricity do work for poor people means that governments and citizens can do a better job of providing them. Learning from success and understanding the sources of failure, this year's World Development Report, argues that services can be improved by putting poor people at the center of service provision. How? By enabling the poor to monitor and discipline service providers, by amplifying their voice in policymaking, and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor. Freedom from illness and freedom from illiteracy are two of the most important ways poor people can escape from poverty. To achieve these goals, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. The World Development Report provides a practical framework for making the services that contribute to human development work for poor people. With this framework, citizens, governments, and donors can take action and accelerate progress toward the common objective of poverty reduction, as specified in the Millennium Development Goals
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  • 97
    ISBN: 0821355945 , 9780821355947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (192 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: In a year blighted by tough economic conditions and global uncertainty, the World Bank has continued to support developing countries with strong financial aid, advice, and technical assistance. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, the World Bank approved loans and grants totaling
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (59 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Currie, Elizabeth Institutional Arrangements for Public Debt Management
    Keywords: Bank Policy ; Banks and Bank Policy ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Market Countries ; Emerging Market Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Management ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Strategic Debt Management ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Bank Policy ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Market Countries ; Emerging Market Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Management ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Strategic Debt Management ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Bank Policy ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Market Countries ; Emerging Market Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Management ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Strategic Debt Management ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyzes institutional arrangements for public debt management by reviewing the experience of OECD countries during the late 1980s and 1990s. It discusses principal-agent issues arising from the delegation of authority from the Minister of Finance to the debt management office and describes how countries have designed governance structures and control and monitoring mechanisms to deal with these issues. The paper also discusses what lessons emerging market countries and transition countries can draw from the experience of advanced OECD countries. The OECD experience clearly indicates that—regardless of whether the debt management office is located inside or outside the Ministry of Finance—four issues are of vital importance: • Giving priority to strategic public policy objectives rather than tactical trading objectives. • Strengthening the institutional capacity to deal with financial portfolio management and with the public policy aspects of debt management. • Modernizing debt management. • Creating mechanisms to ensure successful delegation and accountability to the Ministry of Finance and Parliament. This paper—a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics, and Public Debt Management Group, Banking, Capital Markets, and Financial Engineering Department—is part of a larger effort in the Bank to analyze the institutional dimentions of effective government policy
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Martin, Will Economic Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization
    Keywords: Base Year ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reform ; World Trade Organization ; Base Year ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reform ; World Trade Organization ; Base Year ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reform ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: Ianchovichina and Martin present estimates of the impact of accession by China and Chinese Taipei to the World Trade Organization. China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiary, followed by Chinese Taipei and their major trading partners. Accession will boost the labor-intensive manufacturing sectors in China, especially the textiles and apparel sector that will benefit directly from the removal of quotas on textiles and apparel exports to North America and Western Europe. Consequently, developing economies competing with China in third markets may suffer relatively small losses. China has already benefited from the reforms undertaken between 1995 and 2001 (US
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  • 100
    ISBN: 082135082X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 38 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.5/09496
    Keywords: Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 Congresses Economic aspects ; Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula Congresses Economic conditions ; Balkan Peninsula Congresses Economic policy
    Note: "A joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund paper for the Second Regional Conference for South East Europe, Bucharest,25-26 October, 2001
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