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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (39)
  • 2015-2019  (39)
  • Nuclear Energy Agency
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (39)
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Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264328310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The nuclear sector has in recent years been placing increasing attention on the need to better understand variations between cost estimates for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well as the relationship between estimated and actual costs, and the apparent escalation of these costs. Building on previous work by the Nuclear Energy Agency, Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning examines approaches and methods for the benchmarking of nuclear power plant decommissioning costs. Particular focus is given to identifying key factors, drivers and constraints to implementing cost benchmarking. These factors are addressed from a broad range of perspectives in order to develop a roadmap for implementation that will garner sufficiently broad support from a wide base of interested stakeholders. The report also identifies a number of perceived barriers that may impede the implementation of benchmarking for decommissioning. Co-ordinated efforts and further analysis will be needed to help remove these barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/acae0e3b-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management (2019)
    Paris Cedex 16 : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: National programmes for radioactive waste management require very large amounts of data and information across multiple and disparate disciplines. These programmes tend to run over a period of many decades resulting in a serious risk of data and information loss, which in turn can threaten the production and maintenance of robust safety cases. Metadata and associated tools and techniques play a crucial role in modern data and information management. The Radioactive Waste Repository Metadata Management (RepMet) initiative has prepared the first international study on the application of metadata to the field of radioactive waste management. This report introduces the concept of metadata, explains how metadata can help to facilitate data management, and gives advice on the issues arising when developing metadata within radioactive waste management programmes. It is aimed at readers looking to obtain a highlevel overview of metadata, and associated tools and techniques, and the strategic importance they can play in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations (RWMOs).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311237-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations : Developing a Key Information File for a Radioactive Waste Repository (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264603202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community to help create specific means to preserve RK&M. The concept of a key information file (KIF) emerged in response to the challenge presented by the large volumes of RK&M material generated by national disposal programmes. This concept has been developed into an important component of a RK&M preservation strategy. The KIF is designed to be a single, short document, produced in a standard format, with the aim of allowing society to understand the nature and intent of a repository, and thus to reduce the likelihood of unnecessary human intrusion. It should be made openly available and ultimately be widely distributed. This report describes the KIF concept in detail, in a manner that should enable those concerned with any particular repository to create their own versions. Three draft key information files, currently under development to support RK&M preservation in France, Sweden and the United States, are provided as examples.
    DOI: 10.1787/89f089d5-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Co-operation in Nuclear Data Evaluation : An Extended Summary of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264427013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Current knowledge of the nuclear physics of fuels and materials provides an understanding and simulation of the operations of nuclear reactors and other systems, both under ordinary and exceptional circumstances. As part of a broad spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning research in basic nuclear sciences, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists, theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data. This report offers an overview of collective results from 31 institutions in 15 NEA member countries, along with results from technical experts in the People's Republic of China, in the context of the NEA Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project. It reviews recent developments resulting from new measurements and semi-empirical models, as well as the validation of the CIELO nuclear data evaluations against suites of systems representing a wide range of current and future nuclear facilities. The CIELO project has delivered new, evaluated data for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iron, oxygen and hydrogen, which have been adopted in all nuclear data libraries released since the CIELO project was completed.
    DOI: 10.1787/8428df77-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National legislative and regulatory activities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/57aa8b84-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent publications (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/3c5b7a06-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    News briefs (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/53d4e40c-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Case law (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Case lawFrance, United States,
    DOI: 10.1787/0ff1a382-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Euratom competence in the areas of nuclear security and nuclear safety : An impossible parallel? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: In the nuclear field, security and safety are not completely distinct concepts. Both share the “common … aim of protecting persons, property, society and the environment”,1 but do so in different ways. As explained by the IAEA, nuclear security addresses “the prevention and detection of, and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities”.
    DOI: 10.1787/86dff379-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intergovernmental organisation activities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/6cb5fdd8-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ICSBEP Handbook 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data in the 2019 edition contains 574 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 973 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 237 configurations which have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications. New to the handbook are subcritical experiments with the Inherently Safe Subcritical Assembly (ISSA), carried out in the ISSA laboratory at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/e2703cd5-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of the major nuclear power plant accidents on the international legal framework for nuclear power (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Over time, numerous events and developments have shaped the utilisation of nuclear energy as well as the approach to its regulation. For example, the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident in 1979 was a significant event affecting the nuclear power industry in the United States (US) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC) regulatory programme, yet other incidents or “near misses” at facilities, scientific and engineering assessments of reactor technology
    DOI: 10.1787/14c8ed88-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Today is yesterday’s pupil : Reactor licence renewal in the United States (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; United States
    Abstract: “Over the next 25 years, more than half the nuclear plants in the United States will turn 40, and their operating licenses will expire as they do. With no reactors on order and only two under construction, the nuclear industry’s hope for survival probably rests on continued operation of existing plants.”1
    DOI: 10.1787/92af2a59-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IRPhe Handbook 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Reactor Physics Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The 2019 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 166 experimental series that were performed at 56 nuclear facilities. A total of 162 of the 166 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining four evaluations are published as draft documents only. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, to all contributing countries and to others on a case-by-case basis. Example calculations are presented; however, these do not constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data.
    DOI: 10.1787/a112bf8e-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Supply of Medical Isotopes : An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264544703 , 9789264457188 , 9789264625099
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The supply of medical isotopes
    Keywords: Medizinprodukt ; Strahlentherapie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Nuklearmedizin
    Abstract: This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in health-care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc-99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just-in-time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc-99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc-99m in health care, health-care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b326195-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Stage Validation of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Designs and Modifications (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: A mature and well-guided multi-stage approach to the validation of nuclear power plant control room designs has the potential to reduce the risks involved in the design process. Such an approach can also increase the effectiveness of, and efficiencies in, the validation process, as well as overall confidence in the results. This relatively new concept of multi-stage validation has yet to be defined in the technical literature, and thus the report describes the approach and the rationale for validating systems through a series of successive, co-ordinated validation activities. The scope of application of multi-scale validation addressed in the context of this report includes aspects related to both the human factors engineering of new nuclear power plant main control room designs and modifications to existing control room designs. The objective is to provide a common reference for future dialogue, research and development concerning the multi-stage validation approach, and ultimately to support the safe operation of nuclear power plants worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/fed221d4-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Legal Frameworks for Long-Term Operation of Nuclear Power Reactors (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264631281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: With almost 70% of the operating nuclear power reactors over 30 years of age, countries around the world are assessing whether to allow reactor operation past the 50 60 year mark and potentially up to 80 years. Ensuring a proper legal framework for the long term operation (LTO) of nuclear power reactors is a key component of such considerations. The aim of this report is to provide insights into the various laws, regulations and policies that contribute to different countries' approaches to LTO. By collecting information from more than 20 NEA member and non member countries, this report highlights both commonalities among approaches as well as possible reasons for variations. Ultimately, the information gathered can serve as a vital resource for future exchanges respecting the legal aspects of LTO, with a view to further development and strengthening of the collective understanding of these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7b6dbb2-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants : 2019 Update (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.17
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: CSNI Technical Opinion Paper No. 17: Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants: 2019 Update provides an authoritative review of the current status and use of the fire PSA in nuclear power plants. The report demonstrates that while fires at a particular plant site are highly dependent on plant and site specific factors, they are nonetheless an important contributor to overall risk. Insights from fire PSAs are generally found to be aligned with operating experience and to be representative of the expected plant response, making them valuable in addressing risk. This report should be useful for regulators overseeing the use of fire PSAs in nuclear installations, practitioners in understanding the considerations for performing or reviewing fire PSAs, and researchers in identifying areas requiring further study.
    DOI: 10.1787/2581e46c-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table : R&D Priorities for Loss-of-Cooling and Loss-of-Coolant Accidents in Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264347823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Following the 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, several high-priority actions were initiated by the NEA to address certain technical issues at nuclear power plants. One of these actions was to prepare a status report on spent fuel pools (SFPs) under loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accident conditions, which was issued in 2015, providing an overview of both SFP accidents and mitigation strategies. The present report is a follow up to this status report, documenting the results of a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise conducted by the NEA. This PIRT exercise identified SFP accident phenomena that are of high importance and yet are highly uncertain, thus highlighting their primary interest for further studies. The report recommends further support for existing experimental programmes and the establishment of a number of new programmes to focus, for example, on large-scale thermal-hydraulic experiments on the coolability of partly or completely uncovered spent-fuel assemblies and the investigation of spray cooling for uncovered spent-fuel assemblies in typical storage racks.
    DOI: 10.1787/6def40c2-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Influence on the Performance of Subsurface, Salt-Based Radioactive Waste Repositories : An Evaluation Based on Microbial Ecology, Bioenergetics and Projected Repository Conditions (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: For the past several decades, the Nuclear Energy Agency Salt Club has been supporting and overseeing the characterisation of rock salt as a potential host rock for deep geological repositories. This extensive evaluation of deep geological settings is aimed at determining – through a multidisciplinary approach – whether specific sites are suitable for radioactive waste disposal. Studying the microbiology of granite, basalt, tuff, and clay formations in both Europe and the United States has been an important part of this investigation, and much has been learnt about the potential influence of microorganisms on repository performance, as well as about deep subsurface microbiology in general. Some uncertainty remains, however, around the effects of microorganisms on salt-based repository performance. Using available information on the microbial ecology of hypersaline environments, the bioenergetics of survival under high ionic strength conditions and studies related to repository microbiology, this report summarises the potential role of microorganisms in salt-based radioactive waste repositories.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303133-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX‑5) : Notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive materials (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The NEA has a long tradition of expertise in the area of nuclear emergency policy, planning, preparedness and management. Through its activities in this field, it offers member countries unbiased assistance on nuclear preparedness matters, with a view to facilitating improvements in nuclear emergency preparedness strategies and response at the international level. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series. The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed specifically in response to member countries’ desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Exercise objectives focused on notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive material. The exercise was held during 2015 and 2016, with 22 countries participating in the exercise. This report summarises the major evaluation outcomes of the national and regional exercises, policy level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities emerging from INEX-5 and the discussions at the INEX-5 International Workshop. A set of key needs were identified in areas such as real-time communication and information sharing among countries and international partners, improving crossborder and international co-ordination of protective measures and considering the mental health impacts on populations when implementing protective measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308336-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311237-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing for Decommissioning During Operation and After Final Shutdown (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The transition from an operating nuclear facility to the decommissioning phase is critical in the life cycle of every facility. A number of organisational and technical modifications are needed in order for the facility to meet new objectives and requirements, and a certain number of activities must be initiated to support the transition and preparation for the dismantling of the facility. Thorough preparation and planning is key for the success of global decommissioning and dismantling projects, both to minimise delays and undue costs and to ensure a safe and efficient decommissioning process. The aim of this report is to inform regulatory bodies, policy makers and planners about the relevant aspects and activities that should begin during the last years of operation and following the end of operation. Compiling lessons learnt from experiences and good practices in NEA member countries, the report supports the further optimisation of transition strategies, activities and measures that will ensure adequate preparation for decommissioning and dismantling.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303126-en
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State-of-the-art Report on the Progress of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chemistry (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264298545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (299 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The implementation of advanced nuclear systems requires that new technologies associated with the back end of the fuel cycle are developed. The separation of minor actinides from other fuel components is one of the advanced concepts being studied to help close the nuclear fuel cycle and to improve the long-term effects on the performance of geological repositories. Separating spent fuel elements and subsequently converting them through transmutation into short-lived nuclides should considerably reduce the longterm risks associated with nuclear power generation. R&D programmes worldwide are attempting to address such challenges, and many processes for advanced reprocessing and partitioning minor actinides are being developed. This report provides a comprehensive overview of progress on separation chemistry processes, and in particular on the technologies associated with the separation and recovery of minor actinides for recycling so as to help move towards the implementation of advanced fuel cycles. The report examines both aqueous and pyro processes, as well as the status of current and proposed technologies described according to the hierarchy of separations targeting different fuel components. The process criteria that will affect technology downselection are also reviewed, as are non-proliferation requirements. The maturity of different reprocessing techniques are assessed using a scale based on the technology readiness level, and perspectives for future R&D are reviewed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264298545-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State-of-the-Art Report on Light Water Reactor Accident-Tolerant Fuels (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308343
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: As part of a broader spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning nuclear materials research, the Nuclear Energy Agency is supporting worldwide efforts towards the development of advanced materials, including fuels for partitioning and transmutation purposes and accident-tolerant fuels (ATFs). This state-of-the-art report on ATFs results from the collective work of experts from 35 institutions in 14 NEA member countries, alongside invited technical experts from the People’s Republic of China. It represents a shared and consensual position, based on expert judgment, concerning the scientific and technological knowledge related to ATFs. The report reviews available information on the most promising fuels and cladding concepts in terms of properties, experimental data and modelling results, as well as ongoing research and development activities. It also includes a description of illustrative accident scenarios that may be adopted to assess the potential performance enhancement of ATFs relative to the current standard fuel systems in accident conditions, a definition of the technology readiness levels applicable to ATFs, a survey of available modelling and simulation tools (fuel performance and severe accident analysis codes), and the experimental facilities available to support the development of ATF concepts. The information included in this report will be useful for national programmes and industrial stakeholders as an input to setting priorities, and helping them to choose the most appropriate technology based on their specific strategy, business case and deployment schedules.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308343-en
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    Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum : Sweden (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: One of the many important lessons learnt about nuclear safety over the years has been that human aspects of nuclear safety are as important as any technical issue that may arise in the course of nuclear operations. The international nuclear community can work together to identify and address issues associated with components and systems and compare operational experiences, but identifying how human behaviour affects safety and the best approaches to examine this behaviour from country to country remains less common. Practical experience has nevertheless shown that there are important differences in how people work together and communicate across borders. People’s behaviours, attitudes and values do not stop at the gate of a nuclear installation, and awareness of the systemic nature of culture and its deeper aspects, such as the dynamics of how values and assumptions influence behaviours, continues to evolve. The NEA safety culture forum was created to gain a better understanding of how the national context affects safety culture in a given country and how operators and regulators perceive these effects in their day-to-day activities. The ultimate goal is to ensure safe nuclear operations. The first NEA safety culture forum – a collaborative effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) – was held in Sweden in early 2018. This report outlines the process used to conduct the forum, reveals findings from the discussions and invites the nuclear community to further reflect and take action.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ae69a92-en
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    ICSBEP Handbook 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The 2018 edition contains data evaluated criticality safety benchmark data in nine volumes that span over 70 000 pages. The handbook contains 567 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 913 critical, near critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 215 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea7c647e-en
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    IRPhe Handbook 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Reactor Physics Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The 2018 edition contains data from 159 different experimental series that were performed at 54 different nuclear facilities. Some 156 of the 159 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining five evaluations are published as draft documents only. All draft documents were reviewed by the International Reactor Physics Evaluation (IRPhE) Technical Review Group (TRG). Example calculations are presented; however, these calculations do not constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross section data.
    DOI: 10.1787/839a303e-en
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    The Full Costs of Electricity Provision (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Electricity provision touches upon every facet of life in OECD and non-OECD countries alike, and choosing how this electricity is generated – whether from fossil fuels, nuclear energy or renewables – affects not only economic outcomes but individual and social well-being in the broader sense. Research on the overall costs of electricity is an ongoing effort, as only certain costs of electricity provision are perceived directly by producers and consumers. Other costs, such as the health impacts of air pollution, damage from climate change or the effects on the electricity system of small-scale variable production are not reflected in market prices and thus diminish well-being in unaccounted for ways. Accounting for these social costs in order to establish the full costs of electricity provision is difficult, yet such costs are too important to be disregarded in the context of the energy transitions currently under way in OECD and NEA countries. This report draws on evidence from a large number of studies concerning the social costs of electricity and identifies proven instruments for internalising them so as to improve overall welfare. The results outlined in the report should lead to new and more comprehensive research on the full costs of electricity, which in turn would allow policy makers and the public to make better informed decisions along the path towards fully sustainable electricity systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303119-en
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    Measuring Employment Generated by the Nuclear Power Sector (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305960
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The nuclear energy sector employs a considerable workforce around the world, and with nuclear power projected to grow in countries with increasing electricity demand, corresponding jobs in the nuclear power sector will also grow. Using the most available macroeconomic model to determine total employment – the “input/output” model – the Nuclear Energy Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency collaborated to measure direct, indirect and induced employment from the nuclear power sector in a national economy. The results indicate that direct employment during site preparation and construction of a single unit 1 000 megawatt-electric advanced light water reactor at any point in time for 10 years is approximately 1 200 professional and construction staff, or about 12 000 labour years. For 50 years of operation, approximately 600 administrative, operation and maintenance, and permanently contracted staff are employed annually, or about 30 000 labour years. For up to 10 years of decommissioning, about 500 people are employed annually, or around 5 000 labour years. Finally, over an approximate period of 40 years, close to 80 employees are managing nuclear waste, totalling around 3 000 labour years. A total of about 50 000 direct labour-years per gigawatt. Direct expenditures on these employees and equipment generate approximately the same number of indirect employment, or about 50 000 labour years; and direct and indirect expenditures generate about the same number of induced employment, or 100 000 labour years. Total employment in the nuclear power sector of a given national economy is therefore roughly 200 000 labour years over the life cycle of a gigawatt of nuclear generating capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305960-en
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    Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience : from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience, 2012–2014 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264363137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The International Reporting System for Operating Experience (IRS) is an essential system for the exchange of information on safety related events at nuclear power plants worldwide. The fundamental objective of the IRS is to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants through the sharing of timely and detailed information on such events, and the lessons that can be learned from them, to reduce the chance of recurrence at other plants. The first edition of this publication covered safety related events reported between 1996 and 1999. This sixth edition covers the 2012–2014 period and highlights important lessons learned from a review of the 258 event reports received from participating States during those years. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) and the IAEA.
    DOI: 10.1787/061b45fc-en
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    International Conference on Geological Repositories 2016 : Conference Synthesis 7-9 December 2016 Paris, France (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264549357
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies. However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries. Building upon the success of previous conferences held in Denver (1999), Stockholm (2003), Berne (2007) and Toronto (2012), the ICGR 2016 brought together high-level decision makers from regulatory and local government bodies, waste management organisations and public stakeholder communities to review current perspectives of geological repository development. This publication provides a synthesis of the 2016 conference on continued engagement and safe implementation of repositories, which was designed to promote information and experience sharing, particularly in the development of polices and regulatory frameworks. Repository safety, and the planning and implementation of repository programmes with societal involvement, as well as ongoing work within different international organisations, were also addressed at the conference.
    DOI: 10.1787/8ff7c520-en
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    State-of-the-Art Report on Molten Corium Concrete Interaction and Ex-Vessel Molten Core Coolability (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264317109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (363 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Activities carried out over the last three decades in relation to core-concrete interactions and melt coolability, as well as related containment failure modes, have significantly increased the level of understanding in this area. In a severe accident with little or no cooling of the reactor core, the residual decay heat in the fuel can cause the core materials to melt. One of the challenges in such cases is to determine the consequences of molten core materials causing a failure of the reactor pressure vessel. Molten corium will interact, for example, with structural concrete below the vessel. The reaction between corium and concrete, commonly referred to as MCCI (molten core concrete interaction), can be extensive and can release combustible gases. The cooling behaviour of ex-vessel melts through sprays or flooding is also complex. This report summarises the current state of the art on MCCI and melt coolability, and thus should be useful to specialists seeking to predict the consequences of severe accidents, to model developers for severe-accident computer codes and to designers of mitigation measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/c44872b1-en
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    IRPhe Handbook 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Reactor Physics Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The 2017 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 151 experimental series that were performed at 50 reactor facilities. To be published as approved benchmarks, the experiments must be evaluated against agreed technical criteria and reviewed by the IRPhE Technical Review Group. A total of 146 of the 151 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining five evaluations are published as draft documents only.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa47762a-en
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    Stakeholder involvement in decision making : A short guide to issues, approaches and resources (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264396555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste management is embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk management, energy, health policy and sustainability. In all these fields, there is an increasing demand for public involvement and engagement. This 2015 update of Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, assists practitioners and non-specialists by outlining the steps and issues associated with stakeholder involvement in decision making and by facilitating access to useful online resources (handbooks, toolboxes and case studies). The updated guide has been considerably enriched with experiences since 2004 and includes extensive references to the literature. It is published alongside the release of an online annotated bibliography that will be updated regularly.
    DOI: 10.1787/791983ee-en
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    ICSBEP Handbook 2016 (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data contain 570 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 913 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 215 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications. New to the 2016 International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project handbook are 15 critical experiments with highly enriched uranium in an iron matrix performed to support the design of a repetitively pulsed reactor called the Sorgenta Rapida Reactor (SORA) at the Eurotom Research Centre in Ispra, Italy.
    DOI: 10.1787/1aacbc8a-en
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    Handbook on Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, Materials Compatibility, Thermalhydraulics and Technologies (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264661066
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (950 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Heavy liquid metals such as lead or lead-bismuth have been proposed and investigated as coolants for fast reactors since the 1950s. More recently, there has been renewed interest worldwide in the use of these materials to support the development of systems for the transmutation of radioactive waste. Heavy liquid metals are also under evaluation as a reactor core coolant and accelerator-driven system neutron spallation source. Several national and international R&D programmes are ongoing for the development of liquid lead-alloy technology and the design of liquid lead-alloy-cooled reactor systems. In 2007, a first edition of the handbook was published to provide deeper insight into the properties and experimental results in relation to lead and lead-bismuth eutectic technology and to establish a common database. This handbook remains a reference in the field and is a valuable tool for designers and researchers with an interest in heavy liquid metals. The 2015 edition includes updated data resulting from various national and international R&D programmes and contains new experimental data to help understand some important phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and turbulent heat transfer in a fuel bundle. The handbook provides an overview of liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic properties, materials compatibility and testing issues, key aspects of thermal-hydraulics and existing facilities, as well as perspectives for future R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/42dcd531-en
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    IRPhe Handbook 2015 (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Reactor Physics Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The 2015 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 143 experimental series that were performed at 50 reactor facilities. To be published as approved benchmarks the experiments must be evaluated against agreed technical criteria and reviewed by the IRPhE Technical Review Group. A total of 139 of the 143 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining four evaluations are published as draft documents only. In the past few years, progress has been made in the evaluation of select measurements from the Babcock and Wilcox (B&W) Spectral Shift Reactor Lattice Experiment that was performed to study the nuclear properties of rod lattices moderated by D2O-H2O mixtures.
    DOI: 10.1787/537ad492-en
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    ICSBEP Handbook 2015 (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data contain 567 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 874 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 31 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 207 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications. New to the 2015 International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project handbook are benchmark specifications for neutron activation foil and thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements performed at the SILENE critical assembly in Valduc, France as part of a joint venture in 2010 between the US DOE and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA).
    DOI: 10.1787/936dd0d6-en
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