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  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (17)
  • Philosophy.  (17)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401019743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158p) , online resource
    Edition: Second enlarged edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Origin of the Concept of Metaphysics -- 1. Reimer’s Theory -- 2. Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- II. The Tradition of the Concept of Metaphysics -- 1. Ancient Interpretations -- 2. Arabian School -- 3. Early Scholastics -- 4. Middle Scholastics -- 5. Later Scholastics -- 6. Wolffian School -- III. Kant and Metaphysics -- 1. The Stages of Kant’s Philosophy -- 2. Critique and Metaphysics -- 3. The Stages of Metaphysics -- 4. The System of Critical Metaphysics -- 5. The Supremacy of Practical Reason and the Poverty of Speculative Philosophy -- IV. Metaphysics and Dialectic -- 1. Hegel -- 2. Engels -- V. Metaphysics in Recent Philosophy -- 1. Bergson -- 2. Heidegger -- VI. The Logical Positivists’ View of Metaphysics -- VII. Conclusion.
    Abstract: In the summer of 1960 I visited Oxford and stayed there several months. This book was written as some slight memorial of my days in that ancient seat of learning. It is my pleasant duty to acknowledge the great debt I own to Mr. D. Lyness in the task of putting it into English. In addition I remember with gratitude Dr. J. L. Ackrill of Brasenose College, who gave me unfailing encouragement, and also Dr. R. A. Rees of Jesus College, who read my manuscript through and subjected it to a minute revision. Lastly for permission to quote from Sir W. D. Ross' translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics, I have to thank the editors of Oxford University Press. Kyoto, Japan T.A. 61 Sep.19 . To answer the readers' complaints that the first edition did not ex­ plain the author's attitude towards metaphysics, one more chapter on new positivism was written in 1966, but the publication was delayed till the second edition. Special thanks are due to Mr. E. B. Brooks for his assistance in writing English, to Prof. Philip P. Wiener, and to Dr. R. A. Rees, both for some kind services. T. A. Okayama 1973 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I I. THE ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPT OF METAPHYSICS I. Reimer's Theory 3 2. Aristotle's Metaphysics 6 II. THE TRADITION OF THE CONCEPT OF METAPHYSICS Ancient Interpretations 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Origin of the Concept of Metaphysics1. Reimer’s Theory -- 2. Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- II. The Tradition of the Concept of Metaphysics -- 1. Ancient Interpretations -- 2. Arabian School -- 3. Early Scholastics -- 4. Middle Scholastics -- 5. Later Scholastics -- 6. Wolffian School -- III. Kant and Metaphysics -- 1. The Stages of Kant’s Philosophy -- 2. Critique and Metaphysics -- 3. The Stages of Metaphysics -- 4. The System of Critical Metaphysics -- 5. The Supremacy of Practical Reason and the Poverty of Speculative Philosophy -- IV. Metaphysics and Dialectic -- 1. Hegel -- 2. Engels -- V. Metaphysics in Recent Philosophy -- 1. Bergson -- 2. Heidegger -- VI. The Logical Positivists’ View of Metaphysics -- VII. Conclusion.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401020121
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: § 1 Approach to Plato -- § 2 Parmenides, Plato and the Sophists -- § 3 The seventh Division and the Statement of the Problem: 233D–237B -- § 4 Absolute Not-being: 237B–239C -- § 5 The Being of Images: 239C–240C -- § 6 False Logos and the Challenge to Parmenides: 240C–242B -- § 7 Being — the Pluralists: 242B–244B -- § 8 Being — the Monists (Parmenides): 244B–245E -- § 9 Being — Materialists and Idealists: 245E–248A -- § 10 Being, Forms and Motion: 248A–249D -- § 11 Can we define Being?: 249D–251A -- § 12 The Communion of Forms and the “Late Learners”: 251A– 252E -- § 13 Dialectic and Meta-dialectic: 252E–254B -- § 14 The very great Kinds — Introduction: 254B–D -- § 15 The very great Kinds — Part 1: 254D–255E -- § 16 Comment on Part -- § 17 The very great Kinds — Part 2: 255E–257A -- § 18 Motion and Rest once more: 256B6-C4 -- § 19 The Not-Beautiful, the Not-Just and the Not-Tall: 257B–258C -- § 20 The very great Kinds — Conclusion: 258C–259D -- § 21 The Problem of Falsity and the Possibility of Discourse: 259D–261C -- § 22 The Nature of Logos: 261C–262E -- § 23 True and False: 262E–263D -- § 24 The Being of false Logos.
    Abstract: The present monograph on Plato's Sophist developed from series of lectures given over a number of years to honours and graduate phi­ losophy classes in the University of Waterloo. It is hoped that it will prove a useful guide to anyone trying to come to grips with, and gain a perspective of Plato's mature thought. At the same time my study is addressed to the specialist, and I have considered at the appropriate places a good deal of the scholarly literature that has appeared during the last thirty years. In this connection I regret that some of the pub­ lications which came to my notice after my work was substantially completed (such as KamIah's and Sayre's) have not been referred to in my discussion. As few philosophy students nowadays are familiar with Greek I have (except in a few footnotes) translated as well as transliterated all Greek terms. Citations from Plato's text follow Cornford's admirable trans­ lation as closely as possible, though the reader will find some significant deviations. The most notable of these concerns the key word on which I have rendered throughout as "being," thus avoiding Cornford's "existence" and "reality" which tend to prejudge the issues which the dialogue raises.
    Description / Table of Contents: § 1 Approach to Plato§ 2 Parmenides, Plato and the Sophists -- § 3 The seventh Division and the Statement of the Problem: 233D-237B -- § 4 Absolute Not-being: 237B-239C -- § 5 The Being of Images: 239C-240C -- § 6 False Logos and the Challenge to Parmenides: 240C-242B -- § 7 Being - the Pluralists: 242B-244B -- § 8 Being - the Monists (Parmenides): 244B-245E -- § 9 Being - Materialists and Idealists: 245E-248A -- § 10 Being, Forms and Motion: 248A-249D -- § 11 Can we define Being?: 249D-251A -- § 12 The Communion of Forms and the “Late Learners”: 251A- 252E -- § 13 Dialectic and Meta-dialectic: 252E-254B -- § 14 The very great Kinds - Introduction: 254B-D -- § 15 The very great Kinds - Part 1: 254D-255E -- § 16 Comment on Part -- § 17 The very great Kinds - Part 2: 255E-257A -- § 18 Motion and Rest once more: 256B6-C4 -- § 19 The Not-Beautiful, the Not-Just and the Not-Tall: 257B-258C -- § 20 The very great Kinds - Conclusion: 258C-259D -- § 21 The Problem of Falsity and the Possibility of Discourse: 259D-261C -- § 22 The Nature of Logos: 261C-262E -- § 23 True and False: 262E-263D -- § 24 The Being of false Logos.
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. American Philosophy in the Recent Past -- II. Dewey and the Ethics of Naturalism -- III. Cohen’s Rationalistic Naturalism -- IV. Singer’s Philosophy of Experimentalism -- V. Hocking and the Dilemmas of Modernity -- VI. Blanshard’s Rationalistic Idealism -- VII. The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead -- VIII. Sheldon’s Synthetic Metaphysics.
    Abstract: The essays in this book analyze significant perspectives of the recent past in American philosophy; they represent some of the major trends of this period. Alfred North Whitehead is included with the recent American philosophers since his major philosophic ideas were fully developed in this country. There has been no attempt to deal comprehensively with this period. Several philosophers of equal importance who also deserve attention-C. l. Lewis, A. O. Love­ joy, W. F. Montague, R. B. Perry, F. J. E. Woodbridge, and others­ have not been discussed. Most of the essays were published at various times in various journals. Though all of the perspectives are presented with sympathetic understanding, they are also critically evaluated. 2 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE RECENT PAST But even more than individual philosophers and schools of philos­ ophy the larger background of contemporary American life has nour­ ished the empirical spirit. Science as the most pervasive climate of our intellectual and practical activity has enhanced the empirical attitude. The great development, in this country, of business and technological industry has encouraged the pragmatic, empirical outlook. Empiricism, however, is an ambiguous term, and its different meanings have different philosophic consequences. For some it means that only concrete personal experience can be accepted as reality; for others it means the succession of sense-impressions. The more recent usage, the one that has been dominant in American philosophy, identifies empiricism with objectively and socially verifiable pronounce­ ments, that is, with experimentalism, or confirmation through demon­ strable evidence.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. American Philosophy in the Recent PastII. Dewey and the Ethics of Naturalism -- III. Cohen’s Rationalistic Naturalism -- IV. Singer’s Philosophy of Experimentalism -- V. Hocking and the Dilemmas of Modernity -- VI. Blanshard’s Rationalistic Idealism -- VII. The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead -- VIII. Sheldon’s Synthetic Metaphysics.
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401020275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Moral Justification -- II. Definitions,Justification and Punishment -- a. ‘Punishment’ is an activity-word -- b. Punishment involves some imposition -- c. Punishment is meted out for moral wrongs -- d. Punishment is inflicted on offenders -- e. Must punishment be administered by an authority? -- f. Punishment as a moral notion -- III. The Concept of Desert -- a. The deserving -- b. The deserved -- c. The grounds of desert -- IV. Getting What One Deserves -- The authority to punish -- V. Desert, Punishment and Justice -- a. Justice vs. utility -- b. Justice and mercy -- c. Justice and forgiveness -- VI. Punishment and Responsibility -- a. Problems of determining responsibility -- b. Responsibility as alterability -- c. The elimination of responsibility -- d. Moral and legal responsibility -- VII. Getting as Much as One Deserves -- a. Scaling deserts -- b. Lex talionis -- c. An alternative -- d. Institutionalized penalties -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Superficial acquaintance with the literature on punishment leaves a fairly definite impression. There are two approaches to punishment - retributive and utilitarian - and while some attempts may be made to reconcile them, it is the former rather than the latter which requires the reconciliation. Taken by itself the retributive approach is primitive and unenlightened, falling short of the rational civilized humanitarian values which we have now acquired. Certainly this is the dominant impression left by 'popular' discussions of the SUbject. And retributive vs. utilitarian seems to be the mould in which most philosophical dis­ cussions are cast. The issues are far more complex than this. Punishment may be con­ sidered in a great variety of contexts - legal, educational, parental, theological, informal, etc. - and in each of these contexts several im­ portant moral questions arise. Approaches which see only a simple choice between retributivism and utilitarianism tend to obscure this variety and plurality. But even more seriously, the distinction between retributivism and utilitarianism is far from clear. That it reflects the traditional distinction between deontological and teleological ap­ proaches to ethics serves to transfer rather than to resolve the un­ clarity. Usually it is said that retributive approaches seek to justify acts by reference to features which are intrinsic to them, whereas utilitarian approaches appeal to the consequences of such acts. This, however, makes assumptions about the individuation of acts which are difficult to justify.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Moral JustificationII. Definitions,Justification and Punishment -- a. ‘Punishment’ is an activity-word -- b. Punishment involves some imposition -- c. Punishment is meted out for moral wrongs -- d. Punishment is inflicted on offenders -- e. Must punishment be administered by an authority? -- f. Punishment as a moral notion -- III. The Concept of Desert -- a. The deserving -- b. The deserved -- c. The grounds of desert -- IV. Getting What One Deserves -- The authority to punish -- V. Desert, Punishment and Justice -- a. Justice vs. utility -- b. Justice and mercy -- c. Justice and forgiveness -- VI. Punishment and Responsibility -- a. Problems of determining responsibility -- b. Responsibility as alterability -- c. The elimination of responsibility -- d. Moral and legal responsibility -- VII. Getting as Much as One Deserves -- a. Scaling deserts -- b. Lex talionis -- c. An alternative -- d. Institutionalized penalties -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401029056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 258 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Changing Concepts -- I. Deliberate Knowledge -- II. The Knowledge of the All -- III. Knowledge, Interpretation and Congruence -- IV. Knowledge as Method -- V. The Justification of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Ends -- VI. Continuations and Developments -- II / Background and Consequences -- VII. The Origins of Philosophy -- VIII. Philosophy and Life -- IX. Philosophy and Its History -- X. Science and Philosophy -- XI. Religion and Philosophy -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The present book is concerned with the nature of philosophy and with the scope of philosophical interest. It combines an analysis of the major types of philosophical thinking as they emerged in the history of philosophical ideas with an attempt to examine problems which recurrent­ ly emerge in philosophical discourse. It is from this point of view that the historical and the systematic approaches are meant to be mutually reinforcing. I am grateful to my friends who helped me to formulate the line of thinking expressed in this book: Z. Bar-On, A. Margalit, E. I. I. Poznanski, Z. Werblovsky and E. Zemach. Some years ago when I visited the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara, Dr. Robert M. Hutchins encouraged me to write the present book. I am dedicating the book to him not only because of that encouragement but more importantly because as an educational thinker Dr. Hutchins represents the position which assigns to the great ideas of the past validity and value in the analysis of topical problems of the present.
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Philosophy. ; Constitutional law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: The Subject of Legal Validity -- 1. Legal validity as a topic in analytical jurisprudence -- 2. Program for this study -- II. Validity, Efficacy, and Existence -- 1. Statement of the problem -- 2. Ross on validity and existence -- 3. Kelsen’s account of validity -- 4. Hart’s treatment of validity -- 5. Validity, efficacy, and existence -- III. The Identification of Valid Law -- 1. Statement of the problem -- 2. Kelsen and the basic norm -- 3. Hart and the rule of recognition -- 4. The concept of a rule of identification -- 5. The dispensability of rules of identification; “rules of smaller scope” -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. Some objections -- Table of Cases.
    Abstract: This study of legal validity is an expanded and thoroughly revised version of my B.Phil. thesis in philosophy at Oxford University in 1969. I am grateful to Professor R. M. Hare, Dr. P. M. Hacker, and Mr. L. J. Cohen for their patient criticism of earlier drafts, and to Professor Donald H. Regan for several suggestions at a later stage. I owe a much larger debt to Professor H. L. A. Hart for his detailed comments on the completed thesis. His help has been especially gener­ ous in light of the fact that I have so often disagreed with him. It should not be assumed that those from whose advice I have benefited share the views expressed in this essay. I am responsible for any mistakes it may contain. In the footnotes I have used the following abbreviations: CL - Hart, The Concept of Law (1961) GT - Kelsen, General Theory of Law and State (1945) PT - Kelsen, Pure Theory of Law (1967) LJ - Ross, On Law and Justice (1958).
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction: The Subject of Legal Validity1. Legal validity as a topic in analytical jurisprudence -- 2. Program for this study -- II. Validity, Efficacy, and Existence -- 1. Statement of the problem -- 2. Ross on validity and existence -- 3. Kelsen’s account of validity -- 4. Hart’s treatment of validity -- 5. Validity, efficacy, and existence -- III. The Identification of Valid Law -- 1. Statement of the problem -- 2. Kelsen and the basic norm -- 3. Hart and the rule of recognition -- 4. The concept of a rule of identification -- 5. The dispensability of rules of identification; “rules of smaller scope” -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. Some objections -- Table of Cases.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401511162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 134 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Toward A Phenomenological Aesthetic of Cinema -- Is Gracefulness A Supervenient Property? -- Value and Artistic Value in Le Senne’s Philosophy -- Bad Art -- Psychical Distance and Temporality -- C. I. Lewis and the Paradox of the Esthetic -- On the Nature of Ultimate Values in the Fine Arts.
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401747448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 765 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 6
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy.
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401747424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 391 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 5
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One / The Preparatory Phase -- I. Franz Brentano (1838–1917): Forerunner of the Phenomenological Movement -- II. Carl Stumpf (1848–1936): Founder of Experimental Phenomenology -- Two / The German Phase of the Movement -- III. The Pure Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) -- IV. The Older Phenomenological Movement -- V. The Phenomenology of Essences: Max Scheler (1874–1928) -- VI. Martin Heidegger (1889- ) as a Phenomenologist -- VII. Phenomenology in the Critical Ontology of Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950).
    Abstract: The present attempt to introduce the general philosophical reader to the Phenomenological Movement by way of its history has itself a history which is pertinent to its objective. It may suitably be opened by the following excerpts from a review which Herbert W. Schneider of Columbia University, the Head of the Division for Internc. . tional Cultural Cooperation, Department of Cultural Activities of Unesco from 1953 to 56, wrote in 1950 from France: The influence of Husser! has revolutionized continental philosophies, not because his philosophy has become dominant, but because any philosophy now seeks to accommodate itself to, and express itself in, phenomenological method. It is the sine qua non of critical respectability. In America, on the contrary, phenomenology is in its infancy. The aver­ age American student of philosophy, when he picks up a recent volume of philosophy published on the continent of Europe, must first learn the "tricks" of the phenomenological trade and then translate as best he can the real import of what is said into the kind of analysis with which he is familiar. . . . . . . No doubt, American education will gradually take account of the spread of phenomenological method and terminology, but until it does, American readers of European philosophy have a severe handicap; and this applies not only to existentialism but to almost all current philosophicalliterature.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401030304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 97 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Irrationality of the World -- I: Reason -- II: Various Concepts of the Irrational -- III: The Formula for False Irrationality -- II: The Rationality of the World -- IV: The Rationality of the World: The First Argument -- V: The Rationality of the World: The Second Argument -- III: The Irrationality of Reason -- VI: The Irrationality of Reason (I) -- VII: The Irrationality of Reason (II) -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: My purpose in this study is to explore various forms of irrationality and to name some true irrationals in order to find the bounds of reason. The irrational-if there is such -sets a priori limits to philosophical investigation, for reason must stop before unreason's province. I begin by defining a primary meaning of rational. Forming, then, by opposition, the genus irrational, I analyze the various species of the irrational traditionally offered as true irrationals. I then judge which irrationals do inhere in in nature or in spirit. PART I THE IRRATIONALITY OF THE WORLD CHAPTER] REASON To understand a primary and consistent meaning of the "rational" it is necessary to see how the term has been used. In the Theaetetus, Socrates, interested in what it means to have knowledge, sets about finding a rational answer and, by his analysis, illustrates a primary meaning of reason. In answer to Socrates' question. What is knowledge, Theaetetus responds with instances of knowledge: Then I think the things one can learn from Theodorus are knowledge - geometry and all the sciences you mentioned just now; and then there are the crafts of the cobbler and other workmen. Each and all of these are knowledge and nothing else. ' Yet a mere enumeration of particulars does not satisfy Socrates.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The Irrationality of the WorldI: Reason -- II: Various Concepts of the Irrational -- III: The Formula for False Irrationality -- II: The Rationality of the World -- IV: The Rationality of the World: The First Argument -- V: The Rationality of the World: The Second Argument -- III: The Irrationality of Reason -- VI: The Irrationality of Reason (I) -- VII: The Irrationality of Reason (II) -- Conclusion.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401510639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (662p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Political science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I History of Political Theories — Geschichte der Politischen Theorien -- Philosophie et histoire des idées politiques -- Some Aspects of the History of Freedom -- Machiavelli’s Political Anthropology -- Theorie et pratique en philosophie politique: La monarchie française selon Jean Bodin et Montesquieu -- Immanuel Kants Bürgerlicher Reformismus -- Die Erfindung der „Repräsentativen Demokratie”. Eine Untersuchung von Thomas Paines Verfassungsideen -- Zur neueren Geschichte des Demokratiebegriffs -- Hegel’s Phenomenology: Paths to Revolution -- Natural Law Today -- Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensionality-The Old Style of the New Left -- Remarques sur le nouvel âge idéologique -- American Studies in Western Continental European Universities -- The Constitutional Ideas of Michel Debré -- II Problems of Present Political Theory — Probleme der Politischen Theorie der Gegenwart -- On Theory and Practice -- On the Notion of Political Philosophy -- Critique of Behavioralism in Political Science -- Agreement, Dissent, and Democratic Fundamentals -- Political Science and Education: The Long View and the Short -- „Politische Kultur” und „Politischer Stil”. Zur Rezeption zweier Begriffe aus den Kulturwissenschaften -- Dysfunctional Totalitarianism -- Aufhebung der Arbeitsteilung als Problem des Marxismus-Leninismus -- Politische Entwicklung zur nationalen Selbstbestimmung. Einige neuere Begriffe und Modelle -- Appunti per una Teoria Generale della Dittatura -- State and Nation -- Repräsentation, imperatives Mandat und Recall: Zur Frage der Demokratisierung und Parteienstaat -- Staatsrecht und Rechtsstaat -- Politische Aspekte der Justiz -- The Missing Dimension of Government -- Vernunft und Verrat. Zum Stellenwert des Treubruchs in der Politischen Theorie -- On Great Powers and Super Powers -- Effektivität und Legitimität als Faktoren Zwischenstaatlicher Anerkennungspolitik -- Bibliographie.
    Description / Table of Contents: I History of Political Theories - Geschichte der Politischen TheorienPhilosophie et histoire des idées politiques -- Some Aspects of the History of Freedom -- Machiavelli’s Political Anthropology -- Theorie et pratique en philosophie politique: La monarchie française selon Jean Bodin et Montesquieu -- Immanuel Kants Bürgerlicher Reformismus -- Die Erfindung der „Repräsentativen Demokratie”. Eine Untersuchung von Thomas Paines Verfassungsideen -- Zur neueren Geschichte des Demokratiebegriffs -- Hegel’s Phenomenology: Paths to Revolution -- Natural Law Today -- Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensionality-The Old Style of the New Left -- Remarques sur le nouvel âge idéologique -- American Studies in Western Continental European Universities -- The Constitutional Ideas of Michel Debré -- II Problems of Present Political Theory - Probleme der Politischen Theorie der Gegenwart -- On Theory and Practice -- On the Notion of Political Philosophy -- Critique of Behavioralism in Political Science -- Agreement, Dissent, and Democratic Fundamentals -- Political Science and Education: The Long View and the Short -- „Politische Kultur” und „Politischer Stil”. Zur Rezeption zweier Begriffe aus den Kulturwissenschaften -- Dysfunctional Totalitarianism -- Aufhebung der Arbeitsteilung als Problem des Marxismus-Leninismus -- Politische Entwicklung zur nationalen Selbstbestimmung. Einige neuere Begriffe und Modelle -- Appunti per una Teoria Generale della Dittatura -- State and Nation -- Repräsentation, imperatives Mandat und Recall: Zur Frage der Demokratisierung und Parteienstaat -- Staatsrecht und Rechtsstaat -- Politische Aspekte der Justiz -- The Missing Dimension of Government -- Vernunft und Verrat. Zum Stellenwert des Treubruchs in der Politischen Theorie -- On Great Powers and Super Powers -- Effektivität und Legitimität als Faktoren Zwischenstaatlicher Anerkennungspolitik -- Bibliographie.
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  • 12
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401030489
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 124 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- II: Acceptability and Logical Improbability -- III: Two Explicanda and Three Arguments -- IV: Bar-Hillel’s “Comments” and Unrestricted Universals -- V: Instance and Qualified-Instance Confirmation -- VI: The Singular Predictive Inference -- VII: Lakatos on Appraisal, Growth and Analytic Guides -- VIII: Hintikka and Hilpinen on Inductive Generalzation -- IX: Cost-Benefit Versus Expected Utility Acceptance Rules -- List of Reference.
    Abstract: 1 In 1954 Karl Popper published an article attempting to show that the identification of the quantitative concept degree of confirmation with the quantitative concept degree of probability is a serious error. The error was presumably committed by J. M. Keynes, H. Reichen­ bach and R. Carnap. 2 It was Popper's intention then, to expose the error and to introduce an explicatum for the prescientific concept of degree of confirmation. A few months later Y. Bar-Hillel published an article attempting to show that no serious error had been committed (particularly by Carnap) and that the problem introduced by Popper was simply a "verbal one. "3 Popper replied immediately that "Dr. Bar-Hillel forces me [Popper] now to criticize Carnap's theory further," and he [Popper] introduced further objections which, if accepted, destroy Carnap's theory. 4 About eight years after this exchange took place I was in graduate school at the University of Chicago in search of a topic for a doctoral dissertation. An investigation of the issues involved in this exchange seemed to be ideal for me because I had (and still have) a great ad­ miration for the work of both Carnap and Popper. A thoroughly revised and I hope improved account of that investigation appears in the first five chapters of this book. Put very briefly, what I found were four main points of contention.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: IntroductionII: Acceptability and Logical Improbability -- III: Two Explicanda and Three Arguments -- IV: Bar-Hillel’s “Comments” and Unrestricted Universals -- V: Instance and Qualified-Instance Confirmation -- VI: The Singular Predictive Inference -- VII: Lakatos on Appraisal, Growth and Analytic Guides -- VIII: Hintikka and Hilpinen on Inductive Generalzation -- IX: Cost-Benefit Versus Expected Utility Acceptance Rules -- List of Reference.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401030205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Problem Introduced -- II. Our Intuition of Freewill -- III. The Principle of Sufficient Reason -- IV. Habit and Freedom -- V. Freedom and Spontaneity -- VI. Is the Physical World Really Mechanical? -- VII. Determinism and Predictability -- VIII. The Radical Consequences of Freewill -- IX. Self-Transcendence -- X. Self-Deception and Auto-Suggestion -- XI. The Moral Sense and Its Relation to Freewill -- XII. The Relation Between the Will, the Reason, and the Good -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book is the result of a discontent on my part with (r) the super­ ficial and offhand way many determinists set forth their arguments, without the slightest hint of the difficulties which have been raised against those arguments, and (2) the fact that the chief and best argu­ ments of the libertarians are scattered allover the literature and are seldom if ever brought together in one package. may be taken as an effort to gather into one place Mostly this work and to express as cogently as possible the arguments for freewill. So far as I know all of the arguments we treat have been made before. Only toward the end of this work do I attempt to elaborate a point not heretofore emphasized. That point is that freedom of the will is a concept intimately entangled with the human power to reason, so that if one of these powers goes, the other must also go. Moreover, both the will and the reason are intimately tied up with our moral sensitivities, so that no one of these phenomena is intelligible without the others. Hints of these ideas abound, of course, in the literature, and the degree of originality claimed is minimal. The interconnections, however, between these three basic concepts of the will, the reason, and the good, are of such great importance and are so usually ignored that I feel our short statement of the situation warrants the reader's sympathetic attention.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Problem IntroducedII. Our Intuition of Freewill -- III. The Principle of Sufficient Reason -- IV. Habit and Freedom -- V. Freedom and Spontaneity -- VI. Is the Physical World Really Mechanical? -- VII. Determinism and Predictability -- VIII. The Radical Consequences of Freewill -- IX. Self-Transcendence -- X. Self-Deception and Auto-Suggestion -- XI. The Moral Sense and Its Relation to Freewill -- XII. The Relation Between the Will, the Reason, and the Good -- Conclusions.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401575737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Scientific Knowledge and the Intuition of Duration -- The Intuition of Duration -- Critique of Intellect -- III. The New Philosophy -- Philosophy: The Whole of Experience -- Spirit: Subject Matter of Philosophy -- Intuition: Method of Philosophy -- IV. The Evolutionary Background of Morality -- The Elan Vital and Creative Evolution -- Intellect and Intuition in Evolution -- The Goal of Evolution — A Divine Humanity -- V. The Biological Origin of Moral Obligation -- Obligation and Social Pressure -- Morality and Freedom -- VI. Static and Dynamic Morality -- Moral Obligation and the Closed Society -- Moral Progress and the Open Society -- VII. The Rationality of Morality -- Reason and the Morality of Obligation -- Reason and the Morality of Aspiration -- VIII. The Evolution of Morality -- Moral Progress -- IX. Conclusion -- Select Bibliography.
    Abstract: Les Deux Sources de la Morale et de la Religion is not a book to leave one indifferent. Those who are persuaded by its argument or inspired by its message are prone to manifest the same enthusiasm as Georges Cattaui who praised it as one of the greatest and wisest books conceived by philo­ sophers. Even those who take exception to the doctrine it expounds are impelled to acknowledge its significance. It was in his critique of Les Deux Sources that Jacques Maritain was moved to call the philosophy of Henri Bergson one of the most daring and profound of our time. When many years ago I opened Les Deux Sources for the first time, I turned out of curiosity to the last page and beheld these words, "l'univers ... est une machine it faire des dieux." Bergson was an evolutionist, but surely this was no ordinary evolutionist speaking, I thought. What must be the moral philosophy of a man who would write these words? When much later I undertook the present study, it was this same question which con­ cerned me.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Scientific Knowledge and the Intuition of Duration -- The Intuition of Duration -- Critique of Intellect -- III. The New Philosophy -- Philosophy: The Whole of Experience -- Spirit: Subject Matter of Philosophy -- Intuition: Method of Philosophy -- IV. The Evolutionary Background of Morality -- The Elan Vital and Creative Evolution -- Intellect and Intuition in Evolution -- The Goal of Evolution - A Divine Humanity -- V. The Biological Origin of Moral Obligation -- Obligation and Social Pressure -- Morality and Freedom -- VI. Static and Dynamic Morality -- Moral Obligation and the Closed Society -- Moral Progress and the Open Society -- VII. The Rationality of Morality -- Reason and the Morality of Obligation -- Reason and the Morality of Aspiration -- VIII. The Evolution of Morality -- Moral Progress -- IX. Conclusion -- Select Bibliography.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401029803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: List of Contents -- The Nature of the present Crisis -- The Functionalistic Alternative or the Alternative of the Status Quo -- The Existential Alternative -- The Dialectical Alternative -- Philosophy as a Representation of the Nature of Truth -- 1. General Observations -- 2. The Historical Nature of Philosophy -- 3. The Anthropological Character of Philosophical Projects -- 4. The Systematic Aspect of the History of Philosophy as the Mirror of Human Truth -- The Existential Character of Philosophy and the Problem of Authentic Existence -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The function of philosophy may be circumscribed as consisting in ma­ king a keen analysis of the peculiar nature of the crisis-situation, as it has existed among men throughout the centuries of human history, and as it manifested itself in definite ways at the various stages of this his­ tory. That is to say, philosophy may be regarded as the discipline which, again and again, will have to determine the authenticity of man's ex­ istence in the light of the changing conditions of life, i. e. , man's chang­ ing needs and interests. Fundamentally, these needs may be regarded as being of a material, an intellectual, an aesthetical and a spiritual kind. On the grounds of the crisis, which inevitably exists among men on ac­ count of the controversial nature of their various truth-perspectives, as they are postulated on a personal level, in the sciences, in history, in the fine arts and in theology, man creates and re-creates the goods of civilization and the cultural values. The task of philosophy consists then in making an ever new assessment of man's changing needs, in­ terests and aspirations on the basis of the specific conflicts and prob­ lems with which man wrestles at a certain historical stage. It is in this way that the important philosophical systems were constructed, which we still admire to-day.
    Description / Table of Contents: List of ContentsThe Nature of the present Crisis -- The Functionalistic Alternative or the Alternative of the Status Quo -- The Existential Alternative -- The Dialectical Alternative -- Philosophy as a Representation of the Nature of Truth -- 1. General Observations -- 2. The Historical Nature of Philosophy -- 3. The Anthropological Character of Philosophical Projects -- 4. The Systematic Aspect of the History of Philosophy as the Mirror of Human Truth -- The Existential Character of Philosophy and the Problem of Authentic Existence -- Conclusion.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401031677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: One The Texts -- The Plato and Platonici Texts and Their Sources -- Analytic Index to the Texts -- Two Basic Study of the Texts -- I. Saint Thomas’ Methodology in the Treatment of Positiones -- II. Introduction to the Ratio-Positio Analysis of Platonic Doctrines -- III. The Pre-Platonic Moment of the Via Platonica: The Theory of Flux and the Deception of the Senses -- IV. The Basic Principles of the Via Platonica -- V. The Platonic Ideas -- VI. The Commentary on the Metaphysics: The Platonic Ideas as Ultimate Explicative Principles -- VII. Platonic Participation -- VIII. Plato’s Theory of Human Cognition -- IX. The Platonic Doctrine of the Human Soul -- X. The Separated Substances -- XI. Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Indexes.
    Abstract: The present work is substantially a dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Toronto. While aware of the numerous imperfections of the work I have decided, on the urging of many colleagues, to publish it at this time because of the current relevance of the subject-matter and especially of the collection of texts. I am happy to acknowledge my indebtedness to the faculty of the Pontifical Mediaeval Institute of Toronto and especially to the Reverend Ignatius Eschmann, O.P., who first suggested the idea of this study and whose encouragement and assistance brought it to completion. My thanks are due also to the Reverend George Klubertanz, S.J., and Mr. Paul Mathews, both of the Department of Philosophy of Saint Louis University, and" for invaluable secretarial assistance, to Mrs. Savina Tonella and Miss Agnes Kutz. R. J. HENLE, S.j. Saint Louis December, 1954 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION. . .
    Description / Table of Contents: One The TextsThe Plato and Platonici Texts and Their Sources -- Analytic Index to the Texts -- Two Basic Study of the Texts -- I. Saint Thomas’ Methodology in the Treatment of Positiones -- II. Introduction to the Ratio-Positio Analysis of Platonic Doctrines -- III. The Pre-Platonic Moment of the Via Platonica: The Theory of Flux and the Deception of the Senses -- IV. The Basic Principles of the Via Platonica -- V. The Platonic Ideas -- VI. The Commentary on the Metaphysics: The Platonic Ideas as Ultimate Explicative Principles -- VII. Platonic Participation -- VIII. Plato’s Theory of Human Cognition -- IX. The Platonic Doctrine of the Human Soul -- X. The Separated Substances -- XI. Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Indexes.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401031653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Ethics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: one: Introduction and Method -- I. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
    Abstract: A wholly new theory of matter has been advanced in the last half century by modern physics, but there has been no new theory of ma­ terialism to match it. The occurrence of a revolution of such magni­ tude in science will have to be understood as calling for a corresponding one in philosophy. The present work is an attempt to make a start in that direction. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to the Editors of the fol­ lowing journals for permission to reprint articles which first appeared in their pages: to Darshana for "Human Nature and Institutions"; to Diogenes for "Full Concreteness and the Re-Materialization of Matter"; to Perspectives in Biology and Medicine for "The Ambiva­ lence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man"; to Philosophy and Phenomenological Research for "Formal Materialism Reconfirmed" (which appears here revised and extended as "Formal Materialism: The New Version"), and for "Artifactualism: The Origin of Man and His Tools"; to Philosophy Today for "How Abstract Objects Survive"; to Religious Studies for "A Religion for the New Materialism"; and to Tulane Studies in PhilosoPhy for "A Material Theory of Reference. " PART ONE INTRODUCTION AND METHOD CHAPTER I THE SUBJECTIVE DIGRESSION Every philosophy endeavors to be as comprehensive as possible, and when philosophers speak they do so for the whole world.
    Description / Table of Contents: one: Introduction and MethodI. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
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