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  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (15)
  • Law  (7)
  • Science Philosophy  (4)
  • Science.  (4)
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Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philosophy of Economics (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; Economics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Economics -- Arbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    Abstract: The last decade witnessed an unprecedented annual growth of the literature dealing with the philosophy of economics,as well as the first signs of an institutionalization (conferences, an international journal) of the philosophy of economics as a scientific subject in itself - in particular in the U.S. In 1981 a meeting took place with participants mainly of European "continental" origin. In July 1987, we organized a second conference "Philosophy of Economics II" at Tilburg Uni­ versity, The Netherlands, mainly aiming at the establishment of first contacts between the middle-European group and researchers from the U.S. The present volume contains the papers presented at this conference. Philosophical thought on economics in recent years split up in many different streams, two of which are represented in the larger part of this volume. The first of these streams was formed by a group of researchers mainly from middle-Europe, who make empirical studies of the logical structures of the different theories as they find them presented in economic literature. Two methods prevail here. First, the structuralist method, as exemplified in the writings of Sneed, Stegmiiller and others, of describing the object of a theory as a set of ("partial potential") models. Such models consist of sets and relationships between these sets, which represent the concepts used in the theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of EconomicsArbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2319-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction in the Social Sciences (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 112
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Without of course adopting a Platonic metaphysics, the eighteenth-century philosophes were Grecophiles who regarded the Athenian philosophers as their intellectual forbearers and mentors. So powerful was their identification with c1assification that ancient ideas were taken as keys to the design of the modem world, but usually the ideas were taken separately and as divided from their systematic context. The power of number was an idea the En­ lightenment thinkers deployed with their legendary passion and vigor, particularly as an instrument for social reconstruction. It is no exaggemtion to say that the role of quantities in contemporary social scientific theorizing cannot be understood with any depth absent a recollection of the philosophes' axial development of the notion of quantification. It is a commonplace that for the philosophes progress required releasing human abilities to have power over nature. Aprerequisite for this power was knowledge of the underlying causes of natural events, knowledge that required quantitative precision. Enlightenment thinkers were sufficiently aware of themselves as products of their time to appreciate the importance of a liberal social environment to the knowledge enterprise; the supposition that the reverse is also the case, that enhanced knowledge could advance social conditions, came easily.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3444-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    On Law and Reason (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402083815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 443 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: 'This is an outline of a coherence theory of law. Its basic ideas are: reasonable support and weighing of reasons. All the rest is commentary.’ These words at the beginning of the preface of this book perfectly indicate what On Law and Reason is about. It is a theory about the nature of the law which emphasises the role of reason in the law and which refuses to limit the role of reason to the application of deductive logic. In 1989, when the first edition of On Law and Reason appeared, this book was ground breaking for several reasons. It provided a rationalistic theory of the law in the language of analytic philosophy and based on a thorough understanding of the results, including technical ones, of analytic philosophy. That was not an obvious combination at the time of the book’s first appearance and still is not. The result is an analytical rigor that is usually associated with positivist theories of the law, combined with a philosophical position that is not natural law in a strict sense, but which shares with it the emphasis on the role of reason in determining what the law is. If only for this rare combination, On Law and Reason still deserves careful study. On Law and Reason also foreshadowed and influenced a development in the field of Legal Logic that would take place in the nineties of the 20th century, namely the development of non-monotonic (‘defeasible’) logics for the analysis of legal reasoning. In the new Introduction to this second edition, this aspect is explored in some more detail
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8381-5
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  • 4
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    Major Companies of the USA 1988/89 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400912977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 1022 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1297-7
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  • 5
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    The New Asylum Seekers: Refugee Law in the 1980s : The Ninth Sokol Colloquium on International Law (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401763899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Studies in Human Rights
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6389-9
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  • 6
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    Introduction to Optimization Methods and their Application in Statistics (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931534
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to optimization methods -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton—Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon—Fletcher—Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher—Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Optimization techniques are used to find the values of a set of parameters which maximize or minimize some objective function of interest. Such methods have become of great importance in statistics for estimation, model fitting, etc. This text attempts to give a brief introduction to optimization methods and their use in several important areas of statistics. It does not pretend to provide either a complete treatment of optimization techniques or a comprehensive review of their application in statistics; such a review would, of course, require a volume several orders of magnitude larger than this since almost every issue of every statistics journal contains one or other paper which involves the application of an optimization method. It is hoped that the text will be useful to students on applied statistics courses and to researchers needing to use optimization techniques in a statistical context. Lastly, my thanks are due to Bertha Lakey for typing the manuscript.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An introduction to optimization methods1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton-Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher-Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3153-4
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  • 7
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    Chromosomes Today : Proceedings of the Ninth International Chromosome Conference held in Marseille, France, 18-21 June 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401091664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: Molecular Cytogenetics -- Genetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular CytogeneticsGenetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9166-4
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  • 8
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    Wildlife Conservation Evaluation (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400940918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Introduction -- 1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: In the mid 1970s two events led me to get to know the Yorkshire Dales better than I had previously. Since 1964 I had been to the Malham Tarn Field Centre with groups of students, first from the University of Edinburgh and then from the University of York, and my family very much enjoyed the summer days we spent amid this magnificent hill scenery. In 1976, the British Ecological Society and the National Trust jointly worked on a survey of the biological interest of the National Trust properties of the Kent, East Anglian and Yorkshire Regions. Malham Tarn itself, and the surrounding farms, formed one of the twenty properties of the Yorkshire Region. I spent the bank holiday, that commemorated the Queen's Silver Jubilee, at Malham, looking fairly closely at the National Trust's landholding there. Miss Sarah Priest, who also looked at the National Trust properties, and I produced a report in late 1977, attempting both to describe and to evaluate the nature resources of the National Trust in Yorkshire. In the following year, 1978, the Nature Conservancy Council wanted to survey the whole of the upland area that was known as the Malhaml Arncliffe SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). A contract to look at such an exciting area, considering where boundaries should go, and looking to see if there were important areas of habitat that should be brought within the SSSI, was a superb practical antidote to an office in the University.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4091-8
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  • 9
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    The Law on Medicines : Volume 1 A Comprehensive Guide (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400941410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Surgery ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: 1 Historical background and introduction -- 2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical background and introduction2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4141-0
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  • 10
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    The Law on Medicines : Volume 3 Distribution and Selling (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401098588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Medicines -- III Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of MedicinesIII Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9858-8
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  • 11
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    The Soviet System of Justice: Figures and Policy (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401769945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 374 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law in Eastern Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6994-5
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  • 12
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    International Humanitarian Assistance : Disaster Relief Actions in International Law and Organization (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401769747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6974-7
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Moritz Schlick (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400954427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s Thought -- Problems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    Abstract: The idea for this issue arose during a gathering of scholars to com­ memorate the hundredth anniversary of Moritz Schlick (1882-1936), the philosopher from Germany whose influence gave Austria its most characteristic philosophical voice between the two world wars. He was cut off, tragically, in his prime and while he escaped the exile that awaited most of those who thought like him, he was unable (sadly for philosophy) to continue to steer their thoughts in his own direction and he even lost some of the credit for work already done. Thus it seemed to some of his former pupils and to others more remote from him in the tra­ dition that a small collection of papers throwing light on his especial con­ tribution and on the extent to which it is still active or still needed today was a requirement of justice no less than of piety. Tscha Hung, a mem­ ber of the Vienna Circle and since director of the Institute for Western Philosophy at Peking University, was the chief mover here. Also among the contributors, Ludovico Geymonat (Professor at Milan) was a visitor to the Circle and a friend of Schlick. Henrich Melzer and Joseph Schlichter were Viennese pupils of Schlick's. The former died in the war of 1939-45, the latter is still prominent in the cultural and educational life of Israel.
    Description / Table of Contents: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s ThoughtProblems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5442-7
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Science Policy, Ethics, and Economic Methodology : Some Problems of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400964495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Environmental management ; Economic policy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- One: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: If indeed scientists and technologists, especially economists, set much of the agenda by which the future is played out, and I think they do, then the student of scientific methodology and public ethics has at least three options. He can embrace certain scientific methods and the value they hold for social decisionmaking, much as Milton Friedman has accepted neoclassical econom­ ics. Or, he can condemn them, regardless of their value, much as Stuart Hampshire has rejected risk-cost-benefit analysis (RCBA). Finally, he can critically assess these scientific methods and attempt to provide solutions to the problems he has uncovered. As a philosopher of science seeking the middle path between uncritical acceptance and extremist rejection of the economic methods used in policy analysis, I have tried to avoid the charge of being "anti science". Fred Hapgood, in response to my presentation at a recent Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, said that my arguments "felt like" a call for rejection of the methods of risk-cost-benefit analysis. Not so, as Chapter Two of this volume should make eminently clear. All my criticisms are construc­ tive ones, and the flaws in economic methodology which I address are uncovered for the purpose of suggesting means of making good techniques better. Likewise, although I criticize the economic methodology by which many technology assessments (TA's) and environmental-impact analyses (EIA's) have been used to justify public projects, it is wrong to conclude that I am anti-technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionOne: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6449-5
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coffee : Volume 1: Chemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    Abstract: The term 'coffee' comprises not only the consumable beverage obtained by extracting roasted coffee with hot water, but also a whole range of intermediate products starting from the freshly harvested coffee cherries. Green coffee beans are, however, the main item of international trade (believed second in importance only to oiI), for processing into roasted coffee, instant coffee and other coffee products, prepared for local consumers. The scientific and technical study of coffee in its entirety therefore involves a wide range of scientific disciplines and practical skills. It is evident that green coffee is a natural product of great compositional complexity, and this is even more true for coffee products deriving from the roasting of coffee. The present volume on the chemistry of coffee seeks to provide the re ader with a full and detailed synopsis of present knowledge on the chemical aspects of green, roasted and instant coffee, in a way which has not been attempted before, that is, within the confines of a single volume solely devoted to the subject. Each chapter is directed towards a separate generic group of constituents known to be present, ranging individually over carbohydrate, nitrogenous and lipid components, not forgetting the important aroma components of roasted coffee, nor the water present and its significance, together with groups of other important components.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4948-5
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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