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  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1960-1964
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (8)
  • London [u.a.] : Routledge
  • Development  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficiency, Welfare Effects, and Political Feasibility of Alternative Antipoverty and Adjustment Programs (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.6
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This document presents an exploratory contribution to the understanding of the political economy of poverty alleviation. Usually, governmental decisions to apply macroeconomic measures that minimise the negative effects of adjustment on the poor, or to implement programmes specifically aimed at reducing poverty, assume that the majority of the population will support them. While there are many studies on the rationality of public choices, there are very few on the political conditions required for the implementation of anti-poverty programmes. This paper presents an indicator for assessing the political feasibility of such programmes. To take into account the influence weights of each social group, the authors have retained seven elements. Among these are: exercise of economic power, group size and the expectations of gains from the policy. Taking as an example alternative policies in India and Ecuador, the authors show that coalitions comprising a majority of non-poor will ...
    DOI: 10.1787/338341746054
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emerging Maize Biotechnologies and their Potential Impact (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Between 1955 and 1985 world maize production almost doubled. With little new land available, future growth in world production must come from higher yields and, hence, from new technologies. This paper describes some of the emerging maize biotechnologies, outlines progress made in R & D and discusses their possible impact on maize production. At present, the new biotechnologies are directed more towards quality enhancement (modification of starch, protein or oil content) and towards endowing plants with particular properties (herbicide tolerance, resistance to pests or adverse weather conditions) than towards increasing yields per se. They offer hope for reduced environmental stress through reduced levels of application of agricultural chemicals. Like earlier technologies, however, most new biotechnologies will be incorporated in seeds and will therefore complement and continue to depend on, traditional plant breeding. A new maize research and technology development system is ...
    DOI: 10.1787/823651435434
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rebalancing the Public and Private Sectors : The Case of Malaysia (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Development ; Malaysia
    Abstract: Although the objectives of the Privatisation Programme in Malaysia were clearly stated from the start, there was no overall implementation plan during the first few years. Thus, the early targets of privatisation as well as the specific methods applied were chosen in an ad hoc manner. A major constraint for the implementation of this programme was the political necessity to protect and promote Bumiputra interests. Following a description and a critical analysis of the various measures and techniques used in both the liberalisation and the privatisation process, with a particular reference to the Port Kelang privatisation experience, the author underlines some major lessons such as: legal changes take time to be materalised; each transaction related to a privatisation programme is different; the private sector must be willing to expand its role; the scarcest resource is skilled technical expertise; the importance of government organisation is often underestimated; developing a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/247565525333
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ajustement et distribution des revenus : Application d'un modèle macro-micro au Maroc (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: This paper presents the first application of a macro-micro model introduced in Technical Paper No. 1 "Macroeconomic Adjustment and Income Distribution. A Macro-micro Simulation Model". Here, the model is applied to Morocco from 1980 to 1986. A stabilization programme was undertaken by Morocco in 1983. We first looked at the immediate effects of each macroeconomic measure implemented by the state on main macroeconomic variables and on unemployment, income inequality, percentage of poor and the poverty gap. Other simulations show the effects on the same variables of exogenous shocks, like droughts or price increases of imports, over one year. Dynamic simulations (on 3- to 5-year periods) were the second step of this analysis, in order to estimate the effects of a package of stabilization measures. We thus simulated three scenarios: a pre-emptive adjustment; a different policy in 1983 and the absence of adjustment in 1983-85. The first lesson we can draw from these simulations is that ...
    DOI: 10.1787/106628388818
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Budget Retrenchment on Income Distribution in Indonesia (including Statistical Annex) : A Social Accounting Matrix Application (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Development ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This document sets out a new method for assessing the implications of public expenditure cuts for income distribution. The instrument is a social accounting matrix providing the appropriate conceptual framework for estimating all the direct and indirect effects of changes in any given category of public expenditure (e.g. agricultural investment or education spending). By using this matrix it is possible to calculate the upstream effects of an adjustment measure on income distribution. It shows, for instance, that a decline in agricultural investment reduces employment and wages in the building sector. Similarly, a fall in education spending depresses the incomes of the skilled dependent labour force. The downstream effects have also been estimated: in the case of education this means cutbacks in free services to families and so a fall in their incomes. This method has been applied to Indonesia in 1984-88 by comparing the observed effects of lower public spending due to structural ...
    DOI: 10.1787/867347160101
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Le rééquilibrage entre le secteur public et le secteur privé : Le cas du Mexique (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.4
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The policy of readjustment between the public and private sectors in Mexico comes under the definition of the country's development model, a process in which the priority traditionally given to import substitution would go instead to international competitiveness. The resulting structural changes include two aspects. First, they are intended to rescale the public sector by reducing the number of quasi-public firms. This objective is being pursued by closing them, letting them go to the wall, transferring them to regional entitites or selling them to the private sector. Second, through industrial restructuring, the firms kept in the public sector must be modernised, balance their books and become competitive. The readjustment policy is still in a transitional phase for, in addition to the shortcomings of the techniques used and the lack of transparency, this process is encountering opposition from both the "social" sector and a part of the politicial establishment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/682062580582
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Interactions in Food and Agricultural Policies : The Effect of Alternative Policies (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents a model of longer term interactions in the international markets for cereals, soybeans and meat, and draws policy conclusions for developing countries. The model is comparative static in nature and, largely, partial equilibrium, incorporating constant elasticity demand and supply functions. It is an extension of earlier similar models: commodity interdependence is modelled explicitly and long-run effects, of productivity growth on domestic production and of income growth on demand, are incorporated. Moreover, demand for feed, as derived from livestock production, is separated from food demand. The focus is on policy analysis and on developing countries. The results are somewhat surprising. First, real prices of wheat and coarse grains would continue to fall under liberalisation assumptions. Second, developing countries' agricultural policies emerge as more important (in relation to OECD countries' policies) than expected, and as ...
    DOI: 10.1787/460786230174
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macroeconomic Adjustment and Income Distribution : A Macro-Micro Simulation Model (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents a macro simulation model to quantify the effects of stabilisation packages on the distribution of income and wealth. It is a macro-micro model since it combines macroeconomic aspects with the microeconomic optimising behaviour characteristic of computable general equilibrium models. It can be applied to many developing countries by changing the institutional characteristics that describe commodity markets, financial markets and labour markets. Since the simulation package incorporated quite a large number of closures, the model is referred to as a "maquette." The paper closes with illustrative simulations of the maquette showing how the distribution of income and wealth of a primary exporting economy is likely to be affected by alternative fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies in response to a reduction in the availability of external funds to finance a fiscal deficit ...
    DOI: 10.1787/240474544283
    URL: Volltext
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