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  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1960-1964  (21)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (32)
  • Law  (28)
  • Science.
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402083815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 443 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: 'This is an outline of a coherence theory of law. Its basic ideas are: reasonable support and weighing of reasons. All the rest is commentary.’ These words at the beginning of the preface of this book perfectly indicate what On Law and Reason is about. It is a theory about the nature of the law which emphasises the role of reason in the law and which refuses to limit the role of reason to the application of deductive logic. In 1989, when the first edition of On Law and Reason appeared, this book was ground breaking for several reasons. It provided a rationalistic theory of the law in the language of analytic philosophy and based on a thorough understanding of the results, including technical ones, of analytic philosophy. That was not an obvious combination at the time of the book’s first appearance and still is not. The result is an analytical rigor that is usually associated with positivist theories of the law, combined with a philosophical position that is not natural law in a strict sense, but which shares with it the emphasis on the role of reason in determining what the law is. If only for this rare combination, On Law and Reason still deserves careful study. On Law and Reason also foreshadowed and influenced a development in the field of Legal Logic that would take place in the nineties of the 20th century, namely the development of non-monotonic (‘defeasible’) logics for the analysis of legal reasoning. In the new Introduction to this second edition, this aspect is explored in some more detail
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400912977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 1022 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401763899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Studies in Human Rights
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401091664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: Molecular Cytogenetics -- Genetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular CytogeneticsGenetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400931534
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to optimization methods -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton—Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon—Fletcher—Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher—Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Optimization techniques are used to find the values of a set of parameters which maximize or minimize some objective function of interest. Such methods have become of great importance in statistics for estimation, model fitting, etc. This text attempts to give a brief introduction to optimization methods and their use in several important areas of statistics. It does not pretend to provide either a complete treatment of optimization techniques or a comprehensive review of their application in statistics; such a review would, of course, require a volume several orders of magnitude larger than this since almost every issue of every statistics journal contains one or other paper which involves the application of an optimization method. It is hoped that the text will be useful to students on applied statistics courses and to researchers needing to use optimization techniques in a statistical context. Lastly, my thanks are due to Bertha Lakey for typing the manuscript.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An introduction to optimization methods1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton-Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher-Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Introduction -- 1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: In the mid 1970s two events led me to get to know the Yorkshire Dales better than I had previously. Since 1964 I had been to the Malham Tarn Field Centre with groups of students, first from the University of Edinburgh and then from the University of York, and my family very much enjoyed the summer days we spent amid this magnificent hill scenery. In 1976, the British Ecological Society and the National Trust jointly worked on a survey of the biological interest of the National Trust properties of the Kent, East Anglian and Yorkshire Regions. Malham Tarn itself, and the surrounding farms, formed one of the twenty properties of the Yorkshire Region. I spent the bank holiday, that commemorated the Queen's Silver Jubilee, at Malham, looking fairly closely at the National Trust's landholding there. Miss Sarah Priest, who also looked at the National Trust properties, and I produced a report in late 1977, attempting both to describe and to evaluate the nature resources of the National Trust in Yorkshire. In the following year, 1978, the Nature Conservancy Council wanted to survey the whole of the upland area that was known as the Malhaml Arncliffe SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). A contract to look at such an exciting area, considering where boundaries should go, and looking to see if there were important areas of habitat that should be brought within the SSSI, was a superb practical antidote to an office in the University.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401098588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Medicines -- III Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of MedicinesIII Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Surgery ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: 1 Historical background and introduction -- 2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical background and introduction2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400949485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    Abstract: The term 'coffee' comprises not only the consumable beverage obtained by extracting roasted coffee with hot water, but also a whole range of intermediate products starting from the freshly harvested coffee cherries. Green coffee beans are, however, the main item of international trade (believed second in importance only to oiI), for processing into roasted coffee, instant coffee and other coffee products, prepared for local consumers. The scientific and technical study of coffee in its entirety therefore involves a wide range of scientific disciplines and practical skills. It is evident that green coffee is a natural product of great compositional complexity, and this is even more true for coffee products deriving from the roasting of coffee. The present volume on the chemistry of coffee seeks to provide the re ader with a full and detailed synopsis of present knowledge on the chemical aspects of green, roasted and instant coffee, in a way which has not been attempted before, that is, within the confines of a single volume solely devoted to the subject. Each chapter is directed towards a separate generic group of constituents known to be present, ranging individually over carbohydrate, nitrogenous and lipid components, not forgetting the important aroma components of roasted coffee, nor the water present and its significance, together with groups of other important components.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401769945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 374 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law in Eastern Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminology
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401769747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401510356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 461 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Demography ; Population.
    Abstract: The genealogy of the Batak people -- I. Genealogical structure: the kinship system -- II. Religious concepts -- III. The corporate communities (haradjaon) -- IV. Some general observations -- V. Matrimonial law (Adat pardongan-saripeon) -- VI. Inheritance law (Adat taringot tu tadingtadingan) -- VII. The law of land tenure (Adat partanoon) -- VIII. The law relating to debts (Adat dibagasan pardabu-dabuanon) -- IX. The law of offences (Panguhumon tu angka parsala) -- X. Settling disputes (Ruhut ni parhataon) -- Appendices -- Index of Batak words -- Legal Maxims and Aphorisms.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401763066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 297 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (297p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Social legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The contract of employment is the legal instrument which regulates the conditions of employment of the vast majority of the working 1 people of the world. More than any other civil contract based on mutual rights and obligations, this contract is characterised by the importance of its human elements. Sir William Blackstone once under­ lined the human and legal significance ofthe relationship, by classifying it immediately after the two great human relationships of husband and 2 wife and of parent and child. The contract is thus nationally and internationally important. In 1927 the International Labour Conference adopted a resolution "requesting the governing body of the Office to consider the possibility of placing the question of the general principles of contracts of employment on the agenda of a future session of the Conference. "3 This question was regrettably not followed up. The reason though not the justification, lies in the difficult task of limiting the bounds of the contract and of reconciling the different legal systems in the various countries. The effort spent by the LL. O. during the last few years towards the adoption of an international recommendation on the termination of the contract, which is yet to bear fruit, illustrates the difficulties involved. In the Arab countries the importance of the contract of employment was more felt since the introduction of industry thirty years ago.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401192613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
    Abstract: One respect in which the United Nations has departed most widely from the League of Nations in its practice has been the method adopted by the Security Coundl for handling legal questions that arise in connection with its work. While the League Coundl followed the practice of re­ ferring to the Permanent Court of International J ustice many questions of a legal nature arising in connection with its activities, including many that arose in connection with the handling of actual disputes, the Se­ curity Council of the United Nations has on no occasion requested an advisory opinion from the Court. All questions that have been sub­ mitted to the Court by organs of the United Nations have been sub­ mitted by the General Assembly. Nor has the Security Council, in the course of its activities, seen fit to rely on any other external body or even on a sub-committee of legal experts for the clarification of the issues of a legal nature that have arisen in the course of its deliberations. This attitude on the part of the Security Council was no doubt to some extent antidpated in the discussions that took place in con­ nection with the drafting of the Charter where great emphasis was placed upon the political nature of the responsibility of the Security Council and of its members for the maintenance of international peace and security.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401194693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Institutional Setting -- II. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: If the United States of Europe should become a reality in the future, it is highly probable that the Court of Justice of the European Communities, now sitting in Luxembourg, will be transformed into the supreme court of the new federation. Legal concepts and judicial traditions formed by the judges in Luxem­ bourg will then become a prominent part of the historical background of this new court. However, even now, during the process of economic intergration in Western Europe, the Court of the European Communities has been assuming an increasingly important role in the settlement of conflicts between economic and sometimes political interests. Moreover, through its more than hundred decisions, the Court has been developing a body of "European" case law which, in time, is likely to have favorable implications for the eventual political unification of Europe. This book is primarily intended as an introduction to the structure and functions of the Court of the European Communi­ ties. In this endeavor consideration has also been given to the forces and factors that might affect the judicial decisions of the Court and to the impact which such decisions might have upon economic enterprises and public policy in the Member states of the European Community, better known as the European Common Market.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Institutional SettingII. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401509893
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Privileges and Immunities in International Law -- I Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
    Abstract: The past century has been a period of revolutionary change in many fields of human activity, in institutions and in thought. This period has seen the need of adjustment of state institutions and legal concepts to the needs of greater international cooperation. During the half­ century preceding the First World War, cooperation by governments outside the traditional diplomatic channels and procedures was largely limited to highly technical organizations, commonly referred to as public international unions, dealing with such matters as the im­ provement of postal communications and the control of contagious diseases. With the establishment of the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization at the end of the First World War, organized international cooperation assumed greater importance and the need was recognized of giving to the instruments of such cooper­ ation legal status and rights which would facilitate the effective performance of their functions. This proved to be a difficult adjustment for legal theory to make since the enjoyment of special privileges and immunities had been based in traditional international law on the fiction of state sovereignty. The new international organizations, while performing functions of the kind performed by national govern­ ments, were far from possessing the powers of such governments. The failure of the League of Nations to achieve its major purpose did not signify any permanent decline in the role of organized inter­ national cooperation.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Privileges and Immunities in International LawI Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (171p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Political science. ; Constitutional law.
    Abstract: I. The Danube: Its Role and Significance -- Geographical Setting -- Benefits and Deprivations -- Economic Interests Prior to 1945: Some Facts and Figures -- Struggles for Control Prior to World War I -- World War I and Its Aftermath -- II. Goals and Interests: American and Soviet -- Objectives of American Foreign Policy -- Objectives of Soviet Foreign Policy -- III. The Background: Nazi Germany vs. Soviet Russia -- Russia’s Acquisition of Bessarabia, A Gateway to the Danube -- Liquidation of the International and European Commissions -- IV. Encounters and Methods: American and Soviet -- The Armistice Agreements -- Allocation of Zones of Occupation in Austria -- From Potsdam to Paris -- The Peace Treaties of 1947 -- Preparations for Belgrade -- V. Further Encounters and Methods: American and Soviet -- The Question of the Danube Barges Before the Economic and Social Council -- The Interpretation of “German Assets” as a Tool of Soviet Diplomacy -- The Device of “Joint Companies” -- Showdown at Belgrade -- VI. Changed Setting: Law and Politics of the New Danube Commission -- Dissension -- Rapprochement -- Cooperation -- Retrospect and Prospect -- A Selective List of Works on the Danube -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The Danube has been for two centuries the great connecting link between the European West and the European East. Most commercial and cultural exchanges between the two parts of Europe took place with the help of or along the Danube. The West involved was, above all, southern Germany and the cisbithynian part of the Habsburg monarchy. The East was the formerly Turkish ruled territories, the Balkan peninsula and the Black Sea. The latter was, for the last two centuries, the center of conflict between Russian and Turkish hegemo­ nial aspirations. The events of the Balkan wars and of World War I almost ex­ tinguished Turkish influence, an event long expected: The outcome of World War I fortified, to an unexpected degree, the influence of Russia, which now became almost synonymous with the term of the European East. For a few years the middle and lower Danube threaten­ ed to disappear behind the Iron Curtain which marked the extent of Eastern influence.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Danube: Its Role and SignificanceGeographical Setting -- Benefits and Deprivations -- Economic Interests Prior to 1945: Some Facts and Figures -- Struggles for Control Prior to World War I -- World War I and Its Aftermath -- II. Goals and Interests: American and Soviet -- Objectives of American Foreign Policy -- Objectives of Soviet Foreign Policy -- III. The Background: Nazi Germany vs. Soviet Russia -- Russia’s Acquisition of Bessarabia, A Gateway to the Danube -- Liquidation of the International and European Commissions -- IV. Encounters and Methods: American and Soviet -- The Armistice Agreements -- Allocation of Zones of Occupation in Austria -- From Potsdam to Paris -- The Peace Treaties of 1947 -- Preparations for Belgrade -- V. Further Encounters and Methods: American and Soviet -- The Question of the Danube Barges Before the Economic and Social Council -- The Interpretation of “German Assets” as a Tool of Soviet Diplomacy -- The Device of “Joint Companies” -- Showdown at Belgrade -- VI. Changed Setting: Law and Politics of the New Danube Commission -- Dissension -- Rapprochement -- Cooperation -- Retrospect and Prospect -- A Selective List of Works on the Danube -- Name Index.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401760799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 89 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (426p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One. Introduction -- One. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to describe the problems posed in the formulation of international rules for bays at the present time, to investigate the history of the several interests that have influenced the development of such rules, to trace the efforts that have been made to codify the rules, and to suggest a further refinement of the rules. This book seeks to combine the fruits of the writer's experience as a navigator with those of his studies in international law, geography, history and economics. Although, after study and thought upon the subject, there is likely to arise an initial desire to write a work that is truly definitive, one must resign himself to something of lesser scope. That being so, there is, if anything, an increased demand upon the writer to exercise careful judgment in his research, and in his exposition of the subject. This writer can only hope that he has discharged this responsi­ bility to the degree that his efforts will have clarified some issues and that what he has set on paper may be of some assistance to others. This writer has attempted to be as objective as possible in his inter­ pretations, and he has made no attempt to defend the policy of any State. In so doing, he is weil aware of the fact that for broader policy reasons, some of the views expressed herein cannot be officiaily accept­ ed as bases for action.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. IntroductionOne. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (155p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law.
    Abstract: I. Burmese Customary Law -- 1. Origin and Growth -- 2. Hindu Influence and the Dhammathats -- 3. Mirrors of Society -- 4. Administration of Justice -- II. Impact of British Law -- 1. The Rule of Law -- 2. Codes and Courts -- 3. Limited Role for Customary Law -- 4. International Law and Municipal Law -- III. The Burmese Family -- 1. The Individual -- 2. Husband and Wife -- 3. Parents and Children -- IV. Marriage -- 1. Celebration and Proof -- 2. Conflicts of Law -- 3. Special Marriage Acts -- 4. Divorce -- 5. Restitution of Conjugal Rights -- V. Children of the Family -- 1. Natural Children -- 2. Adopted Children -- VI. Property of the Family -- 1. Community of Property -- 2. Partition on Divorce -- 3. Maintenance -- 4. Inheritance and Succession -- 5. The Rights of Children -- VII. Buddhism and the State -- 1. Tradition and Change -- 2. Religious Usage -- VIII. The Legal Profession -- 1. The Bench -- 2. The Bar -- 3. Legal Education -- Appendices -- A list of Dhammathats -- Table of Statutes and Cases.
    Abstract: This book, conceived in Rangoon, nourished and delivered at the Yale Law School, attempts to study the customary laws of Burma in the context of the country's legal system. Customary laws govern the affairs of the family mainly while codes and precedents designed and developed on the imported British common law system enjoy exclusive control and authority over the remaining legal relationships in society. This volume looks at the legal system in outline and the customary law of the Bur­ mese family in some detail. The customary laws of other indigenous groups, such as the Shans, the Kachins, the Chins, the Kayah, the Mon and the Arakanese, also need to be studied, restated and appraised, for though the laws are similar there are shades of differences, and in build­ ing the Union of Burma it is important to build strongly on the simi­ larities while giving due respect to the differences. It is, therefore, hoped, that this volume will launch a series of studies on the customary laws of the peoples of Burma in a large context and with high aim. There are many needs for continuing research in the field of custom­ ary law. One is to discover the customs of the people as they really are, not just what they are presumed to be in early legal treatises or in later judicial decisions.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Burmese Customary Law1. Origin and Growth -- 2. Hindu Influence and the Dhammathats -- 3. Mirrors of Society -- 4. Administration of Justice -- II. Impact of British Law -- 1. The Rule of Law -- 2. Codes and Courts -- 3. Limited Role for Customary Law -- 4. International Law and Municipal Law -- III. The Burmese Family -- 1. The Individual -- 2. Husband and Wife -- 3. Parents and Children -- IV. Marriage -- 1. Celebration and Proof -- 2. Conflicts of Law -- 3. Special Marriage Acts -- 4. Divorce -- 5. Restitution of Conjugal Rights -- V. Children of the Family -- 1. Natural Children -- 2. Adopted Children -- VI. Property of the Family -- 1. Community of Property -- 2. Partition on Divorce -- 3. Maintenance -- 4. Inheritance and Succession -- 5. The Rights of Children -- VII. Buddhism and the State -- 1. Tradition and Change -- 2. Religious Usage -- VIII. The Legal Profession -- 1. The Bench -- 2. The Bar -- 3. Legal Education -- Appendices -- A list of Dhammathats -- Table of Statutes and Cases.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401507226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. The Individual and World Order -- The World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
    Abstract: Mankind's preoccupation with survival in this age has given renewed impetus to the idea of a world community deeply concerned with the prevention of friction between nations. The achievement to date has been largely in terms of efforts to control acts of aggression committed by governments. Most people have assumed that the military rivalry between the great powers is the only threat confronting the world today. While readily conceding that this threat has placed mankind in a highly precarious situation, this book, on the other hand, reflects my conviction that any program designed to attain world peace will be significantly incomplete without the control of hostile actions which private persons have been known to commit against foreign nations. Experience shows that these actions not only endanger the good re­ lations between states, but are also likely to plunge the world com­ munity into wars, thus spreading destruction and human suffering everywhere.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Individual and World OrderThe World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (197p) , online resource
    Edition: 2nd revised edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Aeronautics—Law and legislation.
    Abstract: I Post-War International Civil Aviation Policy -- I. The Basis of Post-War Civil Aviation Policy -- II Trends in Aviation Policy in 1944 and Since -- III. Problems in the Field of Aviation Policy -- IV. Means of Aviation Policy -- V. Integration of Aviation -- II The Law of the Air -- VI. International Legal Norms with Respect to Civil Aviation -- VII. The Merits of Trends in Aviation Policy -- VIII. A New Basis for International Aviation Policy? -- IX. Future Prospects -- X. The Position of the Netherlands -- XI. Specific Developments in Regard to Aviation Policy and Its Legal Basis.
    Abstract: Civil Aviation has become a public utility service. SALVATORE TOMASINO I} Although civil aviation has enjoyed unflagging public interest since its birth in 1919, and even before that date, the factors governing the development of civil aviation are nevertheless not widely known. This applies not so much to technical development as to the political and economic considerations which ultimately determine the pattern of the worldwide network of air routes. Whereas, prior to World War II, civil aviation was regarded mainly as an instrument for political penetration, with perhaps the Netherlands and its K.L.M.2) as a striking exception, since 1945 civil aviation has come to be judged more on its own merits, though it has remained primarily a government matter. The political, strategic, economic, financial and social aspeCts of civil aviation together constitute a field which, particularly since World War II, has come to form the subject-matter of a more or less independent branch of foreign policy, designated 'by the term "international civil aviation policy". In spite of the dominating factors of national prestige and later of economic nationalism, States have nevertheless directly and indirectly taken upon themselves a number of obligations in the international field, thereby giving civil aviation an international legal basis.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Post-War International Civil Aviation PolicyI. The Basis of Post-War Civil Aviation Policy -- II Trends in Aviation Policy in 1944 and Since -- III. Problems in the Field of Aviation Policy -- IV. Means of Aviation Policy -- V. Integration of Aviation -- II The Law of the Air -- VI. International Legal Norms with Respect to Civil Aviation -- VII. The Merits of Trends in Aviation Policy -- VIII. A New Basis for International Aviation Policy? -- IX. Future Prospects -- X. The Position of the Netherlands -- XI. Specific Developments in Regard to Aviation Policy and Its Legal Basis.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (99p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: (i) What is Martial Law? 7 — (ii) Martial Law Compared with the State of Siege 10 -- I. Martial Law in India -- (i) During the East India Company’s Rule 15 — (ii) During the Administration of the Crown 17 — (a) Ordinance-making Power of the Governor-General 17 — (b) Martial Law Ordinances 20 — (c) Administration of Martial Law under the Common Law Rule 39 — (iii) Constitutional Provision relating to Martial Law 40 -- II. Martial Law in Pakistan -- (i) During the Dominion Period 42 — (ii) Indemnity Provision in the Constitution of 1956 -51 — (iii) Martial Law Administration since 1958 -52 — (iv) Special Features of the Administration 72 -- III. Martial Law in Ceylon -- (i) The Revolt of 1817 – 75 — (ii) The Rebellion of 1848 76 — (iii) Communal Riots in 1915–78 -- IV. Conclusions -- (i) Comparisons 87 — (ii) Need for Constitutional Provisions 89— (iii) Need for Parliamentary Control 91 — (iv) The Propriety of Martial Law 93 -- Table of Cases -- Table of Enactments.
    Abstract: (i) What is Martial Law? It is difficult to define martial law, especially because of "the haze of uncertainty which envelops it. " 1 The expression is used to denote a variety of forms of government or law, such as military law governing soldiers in the service of the State, military govern­ ment in occupied areas, any kind of arbitrary government in which the military arm plays a dominant role, and the emergency ad­ ministration "which obtains in a domestic community when the military authority carries on the government, or at least some of its functions. " 2 It is in the sense indicated last that martial law is discussed in the following pages. In this sense, it is "the extension of military government to domestic areas and civil persons in case of invasion or rebellion. . . it is a suspension of normal civil government in order to restore it and has civilians for its subjects and civil areas for its loci of operation. " 3 Thus martial law has to be clearly distinguished from military law and military government, though 4 all these have common roots in history and logic. The term 'martial law' was originally applied to the law ad­ ministered by the court of the Marshal and the Constable of England. There are two theories about the source of the word 'martial' in the expression. One theory is that the term 'martial 1 C. Fairman, The Law of Martial Rule, page 19. 2 idem, page 30.
    Description / Table of Contents: (i) What is Martial Law? 7 - (ii) Martial Law Compared with the State of Siege 10I. Martial Law in India -- (i) During the East India Company’s Rule 15 - (ii) During the Administration of the Crown 17 - (a) Ordinance-making Power of the Governor-General 17 - (b) Martial Law Ordinances 20 - (c) Administration of Martial Law under the Common Law Rule 39 - (iii) Constitutional Provision relating to Martial Law 40 -- II. Martial Law in Pakistan -- (i) During the Dominion Period 42 - (ii) Indemnity Provision in the Constitution of 1956 -51 - (iii) Martial Law Administration since 1958 -52 - (iv) Special Features of the Administration 72 -- III. Martial Law in Ceylon -- (i) The Revolt of 1817 - 75 - (ii) The Rebellion of 1848 76 - (iii) Communal Riots in 1915-78 -- IV. Conclusions -- (i) Comparisons 87 - (ii) Need for Constitutional Provisions 89- (iii) Need for Parliamentary Control 91 - (iv) The Propriety of Martial Law 93 -- Table of Cases -- Table of Enactments.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192699
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law.
    Abstract: I. Government Ships and Their Status in International Law -- I. Jurisdiction over Foreign Government Ships -- II. Principles Relating to the Doctrine of Immunity of Ships -- III. Recent Developments -- IV. Conclusion -- II. Jurisdiction Over Foreign Merchant Ships -- I. Internal Waters -- II. Territorial Waters -- III. Contiguous Zone -- IV. High Seas -- V. Arrest of Ships: procedure -- III. Illustrations from Case Law and State Practice -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Conventions -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Reflections on the Conventions -- V. Conclusions -- Suggestions -- Summary -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This book is devoted to an examination of the legal status of govern­ ment merchant ships while on the high seas or in the waters of foreign states in time of peace. The object of this examination is to ascertain whether there is any rule of international law which accords such a ship a higher status than that of private merchant ships. Whether government merchant ships, unlike private ships, are entitled to certain immunities from the jurisdiction of foreign states is the question that we have set out to answer in this book. A discussion of the rules concerning the nationality of such a ship or the jurisdiction of the flag state over her does not find a place in this work. A government merchant ship may be defined as a merchant ship l owned or operated by a state. Immunity of a ship here means the exemption of a government ship from the jurisdiction of any state other than the flag state. This term also connotes the immunity of the flag state from the jurisdiction of the tribunals of foreign states in respect of proceedings connected with such a ship. Immunity of persons means the exemption of persons in the service of a govern­ ment ship, or other persons on board her, from the jurisdiction of any state other than the flag state.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Government Ships and Their Status in International LawI. Jurisdiction over Foreign Government Ships -- II. Principles Relating to the Doctrine of Immunity of Ships -- III. Recent Developments -- IV. Conclusion -- II. Jurisdiction Over Foreign Merchant Ships -- I. Internal Waters -- II. Territorial Waters -- III. Contiguous Zone -- IV. High Seas -- V. Arrest of Ships: procedure -- III. Illustrations from Case Law and State Practice -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Conventions -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Reflections on the Conventions -- V. Conclusions -- Suggestions -- Summary -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401749671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 75 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401760546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 87 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (249p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Economic policy.
    Abstract: I. The Problem -- World Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The ProblemWorld Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401191036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Mass media—Law and legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Architecture.
    Abstract: (i) Freedom of the Press -- (ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
    Abstract: This study is intended to present to the reader the main provisions of law affecting freedom of the press in India. It is specially concerned with examining how far freedom of the press obtains in free India. I t is proposed to discuss constitutional provisions and their application through various legislative measures with a view to seeing whether these provisions are sufficiently protective of this freedom. The intro­ ductory chapter attempts to indicate what is meant by freedom of the press. In the first chapter constitutional provisions are set out and discussed. The next five chapters deal, in the main, with statutory provisions relating to this freedom. The concluding chapter purports to make certain suggestions in relation to repeal or amendment of a few of these provisions. It may be mentioned that this study deals only with freedom of the press in normal times. The subject of civil liberties in India during a period of emergency has been dealt with in the present writer's doctoral thesis, Emergency Powers in the $tates of Southern Asia (London Uni­ versity, 1959) In the preparation of this study, I have benefited from the guidance and encouragement given by several persons and the assistance and facilities provided by various institutions. I wish to express my thanks to all of them.
    Description / Table of Contents: (i) Freedom of the Press(ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition Revised and Enlarged
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Political science. ; Economic policy. ; Constitutional law.
    Abstract: I. The Story of the Constitution -- I. Annexation and British Rule -- II. War and Japanese Occupation -- III. Liberation and Fulfilment -- II. The Constitution at Work -- I. Form of State -- II. Fundamental Rights -- III. Peasants and Workers -- IV. Directive Principles of State Policy -- V. The President -- VI. Parliament -- VII. The Union Government -- VIII. The Union Judiciary -- IX. The States -- X. Amendment of the Constitution -- XI. International Relations -- XII. General Provisions -- XIII. Transitory Provisions -- XIV. End of an Era -- Appendices -- I. Opinion of the Law Officers of the Crown on annexation of Burma -- II. The constitution of Burma under Japanese occupation -- III. The Panglong Agreement, 1947 -- IV. Draft constitution approved by the AFPFL convention, May 1947 -- V. Members of the constitution drafting committees, and staff, Constituent Assembly, June-September 1947 -- VI. Prime Minister U Nu’s motion in the Constituent Assembly to adopt the constitution, September 24, 1947 -- VII. The Constitution of the Union of Burma, with amendments -- VIII. The Constitution Amendment Act, 1951 -- IX. The Constitution Amendment Act, 1961 -- X. Boundary Treaty between Burma and China, October 1, 1960 -- XI. Chronology of Events.
    Abstract: In his former work, Burma in the Family oj Nations, Dr. Maung Maung has already gained an international reputation as a student of public affairs in Burma; in this new book he earns fresh laurels. It is mainly in two parts. In Part I he traces the genesis of the Constitution and in Part II he explains it. The first part outlines the constitutional progress of Burma under British rule, the changes under Dr. Ba Maw during the Japanese occupation, and further developments until the attainment of independence by the Anti­ Fascist People's Freedom League. Nowhere else can one find such a clear and comprehensive account of the political evolution of Burma since 1931, doubly significant by the Saya San rebellion and the birth of the Thakin movement; its value is enhanced by the reproduction of three documents not otherwise readily accessible: the interim Constitution under the Japanese; the Panglong Agreement, in which the Hill Peoples undertook to co-operate in framing the Constitution for the Union of Burma; and the original draft Constitution which the AFPFL published in May 1947 for consideration by the Constituent Assembly.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Story of the ConstitutionI. Annexation and British Rule -- II. War and Japanese Occupation -- III. Liberation and Fulfilment -- II. The Constitution at Work -- I. Form of State -- II. Fundamental Rights -- III. Peasants and Workers -- IV. Directive Principles of State Policy -- V. The President -- VI. Parliament -- VII. The Union Government -- VIII. The Union Judiciary -- IX. The States -- X. Amendment of the Constitution -- XI. International Relations -- XII. General Provisions -- XIII. Transitory Provisions -- XIV. End of an Era -- Appendices -- I. Opinion of the Law Officers of the Crown on annexation of Burma -- II. The constitution of Burma under Japanese occupation -- III. The Panglong Agreement, 1947 -- IV. Draft constitution approved by the AFPFL convention, May 1947 -- V. Members of the constitution drafting committees, and staff, Constituent Assembly, June-September 1947 -- VI. Prime Minister U Nu’s motion in the Constituent Assembly to adopt the constitution, September 24, 1947 -- VII. The Constitution of the Union of Burma, with amendments -- VIII. The Constitution Amendment Act, 1951 -- IX. The Constitution Amendment Act, 1961 -- X. Boundary Treaty between Burma and China, October 1, 1960 -- XI. Chronology of Events.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401190664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (103p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Sociology. ; Social sciences. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: II. Ethical values in international decision-making -- Remarks around the Conference -- III. Some Conference Papers -- 1. An address -- 2. Speech delivered -- 3. Living and cooperating in one world in the general context of international relations -- 4. The marginal man. His role in history and in future cooperation -- 5. American values and behavior patterns and their compatibility with peaceful co-existence -- 6. Les relations de l’éthique et de la coopération internationale dans les groupes de culture en France -- 7. International cooperation in the value-systems of the Netherlands.
    Abstract: The Conference on "Ethical values in international decision­ making" was held by the Grotius Seminarium in the period June 16-20, 1958 at the Institute of Social Studies in the Hague. At that time, a number of papers were distributed to the par­ ticipants while -after the Conference -two brief reports appeared in "De Internationale Spectator" (1958, I, p. 426-435) and in "Research and Education in the Netherlands" (September 1958, Vol. II, no. 3, p. 18-21). As considerable time has elapsed since, this Booklet does not give a "report" on the Conference, but rather it attempts to recapture its spirit and to elaborate some of the problems which were discussed. The introductory "Remarks" do this in an indi­ vidualistic manner for which the author alone is responsible, but it is hoped that this way of presenting the topic of the Conference anew will rekindle the interest of the original participants while it may attract others and give them an impression of what the Grotius Seminarium is trying to do. In addition, those of the papers which dealt with the more general aspects of the Confer­ ence's topic are presented in this booklet. B. LANDHEER December, 1959 TABLE OF CONTENTS· 1. Preface. 3 II. Ethical values in international decision-making. 7 Remarks around the Conference, by B. Landheer, 7 The Hague.
    Description / Table of Contents: II. Ethical values in international decision-makingRemarks around the Conference -- III. Some Conference Papers -- 1. An address -- 2. Speech delivered -- 3. Living and cooperating in one world in the general context of international relations -- 4. The marginal man. His role in history and in future cooperation -- 5. American values and behavior patterns and their compatibility with peaceful co-existence -- 6. Les relations de l’éthique et de la coopération internationale dans les groupes de culture en France -- 7. International cooperation in the value-systems of the Netherlands.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401510158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: I. Classics and Modern International Law -- A. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Current Theories -- B. Reasons for the Present Re-examination of Grotius and Vattel -- II. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Hugo Grotius -- A. International Relations and Law -- B. Law of Nature and Volitional Law -- C. Law of Nations and War -- D. Limitations of the Laws of War — Development of the Law of Nations -- E. Summary -- III. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Emer de Vattel -- A. The System of the Law of Nations -- B. Individual and the Sovereign State -- C. Vattel’s Scientific Method of Individual-State Analogy -- D. Individual, State, and the Society of Nations -- E. Summary -- IV. International Protection of the Rights of the Individual against Oppression by His Own State -- A. Outline of the Problem -- B. Human Rights in the Grotian System -- C. International Relevance of Human Rights in the Vattelian System -- V. Summary Evaluation -- A. Natural Law and Its Application -- B. Relation between the Positive Law and the Law of Nature -- C. Protection of Human Rights.
    Abstract: According to democratic theory the state is for man not man for the state. This theory has been implemented by bills of rights in many national constitutions giving the individual a legal opportunity to redress abuses by his state. In Federal Consti­ tutions, however, difficulties have been faced when central au­ thority seeks to enforce the standards of the constitution against the legislation and customs of the constituent states. The latter habitually resist, proclaiming the virtues of horne rule and local self-govemment, also supported by democratic theory. Thus the opposition of man versus the state develops into a double op­ position of man versus the state and the state versus the super­ state. To what extent should the super-state take the part of man demanding respect for human rights, or of the state demand­ ing self-govemment, when the two conflict? The failure to solve this problem precipitated the American Civil War and continues to agitate American politics. Should the human right of equal educational opportunities prevail over the "State's Right" of autonomy in the organization of its schools? The same problem appears in more virulent form in the efforts of the United Nations to "promote respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion" without "intervening in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Classics and Modern International LawA. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Current Theories -- B. Reasons for the Present Re-examination of Grotius and Vattel -- II. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Hugo Grotius -- A. International Relations and Law -- B. Law of Nature and Volitional Law -- C. Law of Nations and War -- D. Limitations of the Laws of War - Development of the Law of Nations -- E. Summary -- III. The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Emer de Vattel -- A. The System of the Law of Nations -- B. Individual and the Sovereign State -- C. Vattel’s Scientific Method of Individual-State Analogy -- D. Individual, State, and the Society of Nations -- E. Summary -- IV. International Protection of the Rights of the Individual against Oppression by His Own State -- A. Outline of the Problem -- B. Human Rights in the Grotian System -- C. International Relevance of Human Rights in the Vattelian System -- V. Summary Evaluation -- A. Natural Law and Its Application -- B. Relation between the Positive Law and the Law of Nature -- C. Protection of Human Rights.
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