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  • 1990-1994  (44)
  • 1985-1989  (36)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (80)
  • Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler
  • Social sciences  (43)
  • Metaphysics  (37)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: This study gives the first English translation of Lectura I 39, a key text of the medieval theologian and philosopher John Duns Scotus (1266--1308), together with an introduction and a commentary. In the history of thought, Scotus is the first scholar to develop a consistent analysis of the basic Christian notions of contingency and freedom. This analysis can be found in his important early work, Lectura I 39, in which the question of whether God has knowledge of future contingents is discussed. Reality is contingent, which means that reality in its factual shape could have been otherwise; God does not rule by determinism nor is He ruled by it -- nor is man, neither is their relationship. This fundamental insight made Christian thought turn away from the ancient conception that everything is (at bottom) necessary. For graduate students, philosophers and theologians
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The general view of Russell's work among philosophers has been that repeatedly, during his long and distinguished career, crucial changes of mind on fundamental points were significant enough to cause him to successively adopt a diversity of radically new philosophical positions. Thus, Russell is seen to have embraced and then abandoned, amongst others, neo-Hegelianism, Platonic realism, phenomenalism and logical atomism, before settling finally on a form of neutral monism that philosophers have generally found to be incredible. However, in recent years there have been signs of increasing awareness that the extent to which Russell was prone to change philosophical position may have been greatly exaggerated. This book represents the first detailed attempt to trace the fundamental unity that lies within all of Russell's philosophical work, as well as the reasons behind those limited orderly changes that did, in fact, occur within it. The main thesis of the book is that there is a lot more continuity in Russell's philosophy than has been usually acknowledged, and that the major changes that do occur are much more orderly than Russell's reputation for erratically changing his views allows. Drawing on a wide selection of Russell's own statements, a general account of Russellian analysis is developed which shows it to have a highly organised structure, which he consistently applies throughout all of his post-idealist philosophising. This book is addressed primarily to serious students of Russell's philosophy, and is suitable for use in both postgraduate and undergraduate courses on Russell's philosophy generally, on specific aspects of his work, or on analytic philosophy in the twentieth century. However, the book is written clearly enough to be read by the many general readers interested in finding out more about Russell's philosophy
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401113946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Social sciences ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents an in-depth analysis of the infant formula controversy and the resulting international boycott of Nestlé products launched by various social activist groups and church organizations. The actions of those groups culminated in the passage of the first international marketing code under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Based on exhaustive and unique research, the book details the Nestlé case and uses it to analyze a number of other major issues bearing on contemporary business strategy and operations in the national and international arena. Issues addressed include: The rising phenomenon of social activism and its affect on public opinion and public policy; The changing role of churches and other religious groups and their impact on corporate strategy and behavior; The emergence of UN affiliated international bodies, as both arbiters and regulators of market conduct of multinational corporations; The changing dynamics between multinational corporations and host countries; The factors which determine a company's behavior and its ability to adapt to changing societal expectations. £/LIST£ Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents a microcosm of business society conflicts being played out in all parts of the world. This scholarly book will be of great interest to academics in the areas of management, business ethics, social conflict, and international regulation. It will also appeal to a broad corporate and government audience and to anyone interested in contemporary world affairs and the increasing globalization of socio-economic conflicts
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 159
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 159
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Plaass's treatise stood at the beginning of a renewed wave of scholarship regarding Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MF). Plaass argues that the MF represents an integral step in Kant's development between the two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason. The MF repeats the `Copernican turn', using the conditions of subjectivity to derive the metaphysical determinations of `matter' as the object of natural science with the new method called `metaphysical construction', which simultaneously grounds the mathematizability of physics. The translators provide background and analysis of Plaass's work, extend it to include the body of the MF and offer a variation on the analysis of the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics in the MF. They discuss its relevance for contemporary paradigm-dependency approaches to the philosophy of science and for philosophical hermeneutics. The book will be of interest to Kant specialists as well as to students of the philosophy of science in general
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401110082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Increasingly, the mind is being treated as a fit subject for scientific inquiry. As cognitive science and empirical psychology strive to uncover the mind's secrets, it is fitting to inquire as to what distinctive role is left for philosophy in the study of mind. This collection, which includes contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field, offers a rich variety of perspectives on this issue. Topics addressed include: the place of a priori inquiry in philosophy of mind, moral psychology, consciousness, social dimensions of intentionality, the relation of logic to philosophical psychology, objectivity and the mind, and privileged access
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401109369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. `Worlds' themselves are understood as structured sets of properties; this `Ersatzist' view is defended against its most vigorous competitors, Meinongianism and David Lewis' theory of existent concrete worlds. Related issues of essentialism and linguistic reference are explored. Part II takes up the question of lexical meaning in the context of possible-world semantics. There are skeptical analyses of analyticity and the notion of a logical constant; and an `infinite polysemy' thesis is defended. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401120685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 228 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 26
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Environmental toxicology ; Nature Conservation ; Environmental economics ; Human Geography ; Ecology . ; Environmental chemistry. ; Conservation biology.
    Abstract: While coastal tourism has been treated from many perspectives, this book offers the first substantial examination of the environmental basis of coastal tourism. The first part of the book examines some of the basic aspects and various methodologies of the coastal environment for tourism. Drawing from a wide range of case studies, the second part of the book discusses various tourism--environment relationships of different coastal environments. The examples include atolls and enclave tourism, island tourism and tourism development at various stages, barrier coasts and tourism development at different stages, and complex coastal environments and more mature tourism development. The writers have adopted one or a combination of approaches -- empirical, methodological or conceptual -- in their contributions. The volume should stimulate awareness and further research on the coastal environment for tourism
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Many contemporary philosophers are interested in the scotistic notion of haecceity or `thisness' because it is relevant to important problems concerning identity and individuation, reference, modality, and propositional attitudes. Haecceity is the only book-length work devoted to this topic. The author develops a novel defense of Platonism, arguing, first, that abstracta - nonqualitative haecceities - are needed to explain concreta's being diverse at a time; and second, that unexemplified haecceities are then required to accommodate the full range of cases in which there are possible worlds containing individuals not present in the actual world. In the cognitive area, an original epistemic argument is presented which implies that certain haecceities can be grasped by a person: his own, those of certain of his mental states, and those of various abstracta, but not those of external things. It is argued that in consequence there is a clear sense in which one is directly acquainted with the former entities, but not with external things
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401119962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; History ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Passions of Rhetoric reveals Lessing's contribution to the history of rhetoric and his participation in the long-standing debate between philosophy and rhetoric. - Attempts a reassessment of the importance of rhetoric to argumentation in the 18th century. - Establishes that Lessing developed his own views on rhetoric and argumentation and that these views were opposed to the anti-rhetorical position of other 18th century intellectuals, including Kant. - The few treatments of Lessing's polemical writings that have appeared in the last few years concentrate on the practice of rhetoric and not on Lessing's own views on language and argument. Moore's work, on the other hand, combines both an interest in style of argument and the philosophy which informs it, a rich tradition going back to the ancient Greeks. The book is required reading for students of European rhetoric, 18th century German critical writing, 18th century polemics on theatre and theology. All quotations in German have been translated into English to inform a wider audience
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401712217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences A Yearbook 16
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Social sciences ; Education.
    Abstract: Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century. The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401581615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Metaphysics ; Comparative linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The Language of Propositions and Events offers a comprehensive theory of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning. Two main theses are defended in this book. The first thesis is that an adequate account of the interpretation and distribution of nominals calls for a distinction between three types of entities in the domain of discourse: events, propositions, and states of affairs. It is argued that different types of nominals differ in their ability to denote entities of these types and that predicates differ in their ability to select for them. The second main thesis is that an adequate characterization of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning can be given by taking account of the fact that situations may stand in the part of relation. Kratzer's semantics of situations is the basis for this analysis of nominalization. Moreover, the book addresses the issue of the argument structure of nominals and offers an analysis of the puzzling distribution of infinito sostantivato in Italian. For graduate students in semantics and syntax, theoretical linguists, philosophers of language, students of Romance linguistics
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401120128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 366 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 25
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; Geology, economic ; International economics ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; International economic relations. ; Geology.
    Abstract: The former Soviet Union possessed some of the world's largest reserves of energy and mineral resources. With the dissolution of the country in 1991, the former Soviet republics are now exercising complete control over their mining industries. The new Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) consists of several new nations, well-endowed in hydrocarbons, metals, and industrial materials; efforts are now underway to boost development activities and attract foreign investment. Commonwealth members today are implementing policies to regulate energy and mineral development and enhance economic growth. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the energy and minerals industries of the CIS and other former Soviet republics outside the Commonwealth. Prospects for international cooperation and trade in hydrocarbons, metals, and nonmetals are examined, as are opportunities for joint ventures and technology transfers in mining. Economic relations between the CIS and several Asian nations are also analyzed. Contributors to the book from throughout the Commonwealth, Asia, Europe, and North America have a wide variety of backgrounds in the energy and mineral fields, including government, academia, and industry
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401116770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 447 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 40
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: "Can there be a more flagrant challenge to the recent - and classic - relativisms, scepticisms and 'deconstructivisms' toward reason, rationality, logos than the Vision of the Manifestation of Life?" As Tymieniecka writes in the introduction to this second book on the constructive appreciation of reason (first book: Analecta Husserliana, Vol. XXXIX), the works of the logos manifest themselves indubitably in the edifice of life. Among perspectives in the compass of reason of this collection: individualisation of life, human existence, reason and doxa (studies by Tymieniecka, Kelkel, Schrag, Buscaroli, Kelly, Laycock, and others) the emphasis falls upon `inner rationalities' of the spirit, creativity, culture (Bosio, D'Ippolito, Delle Site, Barral, Wittkowski, Regina, Haney, Ales Bello, Sivak, Elosequi), culminating in the issues of historiography and history by Mario Sancipriano, to whom the book is dedicated. This collection stems from the work of The World Phenomenology Institute, mainly its two congresses held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, and Verona, Italy
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401733175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 161 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 58
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book explains our common-sense understanding of perception and then defends a representative theory of perception as an alternative form of understanding more in accord with the results of science. It also argues against color realism and defends the view that nothing has color. This view is color skepticism. A chapter is devoted to defending color skepticism against a number of objections. The book ends with a discussion of our concept of knowledge and attempts to show that the representative theory of perception is not as vulnerable to skeptical arguments as has been assumed. The book will be of interest to students and teachers of philosophy. It is written in a clear and self-contained manner and is accessible to the general reader as well as to those with well-developed philosophical interests
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401116565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 211 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Anthropology ; Comparative Literature ; Social sciences ; Culture. ; Arts. ; Philosophy. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: The book offers an extensive and detailed philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of the comic. The author critically presents the hitherto existing theories of the comic from Aristotle up to the present and classifies them. At the same time he advances his own definition of the comic as a broadly understood deviation from norm, which takes into account the deviation from an objectively existing norm as well as the subjective sense of the normal. Many pages have been devoted to the analysis of the main forms of the comic. The author offers their taxonomy and discusses the major techniques of evoking the comic. The final part of the book deals with the social aspects of the comic and discusses the social role of humour, mockery, satire, irony, etc. The author elaborates on the educational, integrating, punitive, and therapeuric aspects of various forms of comic activities. The book is based upon ample material drawn from a multitude of sources. The author does not limit the scope of his analysis to the philosophical and the aesthetic aspects of the comic but takes into account its extra-aesthetic occurrences and applications as presented by psychologists, cultural anthropologists, sociologists, theoreticians and historians of literature, film, and music, which makes the work truly interdisciplinary in character. The Comical: A Philosophical Analysis will be useful to aestheticians and philosophers of art, as well as to the students of literary criticism, theatre, and film studies, educational theory, psychology and even the theory of argumentation
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy presents a multicultural perspective of global business ethics with special emphasis on Japanese viewpoints. In contrast to the typical business ethics book written primarily from the viewpoint of Western culture and economy, the majority of the work is by Asian scholars, providing an historical overview of the religious, scientific and cultural phenomena which converged to create modern Japanese business ethics. Perspectives from socioeconomics, sociology, social contract and applied business ethics contribute to the analysis of moral issues. A new Japanese approach to moral science, Moralogy, is introduced and its implications for phenomena such as the Keiretsu system are explored. Concurrently, prominent Western ethicists explore the role of moral language and the implications of Kantian ethics and contractarian approaches for developing universal moral standards. Because Japan is an economic superpower, it is critical to understand the hidden economic culture, work ethic, and way of thinking in business. We must realize these are the results of an integration of historical factors, such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confuctianism and modern Western science and technology. Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy provides philosophical and anthropological analyses of the Japanese economic mind, departing from previous stereotyped approaches. Theoretical discussions based upon social contract theory are presented in order to build ethical norms with cross-cultural activity for multinational economic activities. From such a universal stance, practical proposals are presented to transnationalize the Keiretsu system and other Japanese economic institutions
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401582186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 12
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume has been developed from the first extensive meeting of Japanese and Western phenomenologists, which was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and the Phenomenological Association of Japan and held in Sanda City. Chiefly philosophical and chiefly concerned with Husserl's thought, it also shows links with several human sciences and such figures as Wilhelm Dilthey, Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler, Alfred Schutz, and well as with Zen and the Japanese tradition in phenomenology, which is second only to the German in age and has recently blossomed anew. Further such meetings have occurred and are planning, building upon this foundation
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology
    Abstract: The Basic Ontological Categories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Basic Concepts -- 3. Individual Things and Events -- 4. Beginnings and Processes -- 5. Necessary Substance -- Properties -- 1. Why We Should Admit Properties -- 2. Universals vs. Tropes -- On Negative and Disjunctive Properties -- Particulars, Individual Qualities, and Universals -- Characteristica Universalis -- 1. Preamble -- 2. From Leibniz to Frege -- 3. Directly Depicting Diagrams vs. Existential Graphs -- 4. Some Conditions on a Directly Depicting Language -- 5. The Oil-Painting Principle -- 6. Primitives and Definitions -- 7. Substance -- 8. Accidents -- 9. Sub-Atoms (Mutually Dependent Parts of Atoms) -- 10. Boundaries and Boundary Dependence -- 11. Universals -- Definite Descriptions and the Theory of Objects -- 1. A New Explanation -- 2. An Application of the Foregoing Explanation -- Truth Makers, Truth Predicates, and Truth Types -- Worlds and States of Affairs: How Similar Can They Be? -- 1. Motivation -- 2. Salmon’s Counterexample -- 3. The Branching Conception -- Was Frege Right about Variable Objects? -- Logical Atomism and Its Ontological Refinement: A Defense -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Logical Atomism, What -- 3. Examples of the Avoidance of Unnecessary Facts -- 4. Disputed Case I: Negative Propositions -- 5. Disputed Case II: Universal Generalization -- 6. Other Higher Order Functors -- 7. Statistical Generalizations and Probability -- 8. Laws of Nature and Causality -- 9. Applied Mathematics, Dispositions, and Others -- 10. Resolution and Ultimate Facts -- 11. Concluding Remarks -- Intentionality and Tendency: How to Make Aristotle Up-To-Date -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Problem -- 3. Aristotle -- 4. Newtonian Self-Change -- 5. Intentionality -- 6. Temporally Extended Entities -- 7. The Duality of Intentions -- 8. Formal Ontology Today -- 9. Summary -- Leibniz on Properties and Individuals -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: All except three of the papers in this volume were presented at the colloquium on "L'Ontologie formelle aujourd'hui", Geneva, 3-5 June 1988. The three exceptions, the papers by David Armstrong, Uwe Meixner and Wolfgang Lenzen, were presented at the colloquium on "Properties", Zinal, June 1-3, 1990. It was, incidentally, at the second of these two colloquia that the European Society for Analytic Philosophy came into being. The fathers of analytic philosophy - Moore and Russell - were in no doubt that ontology or metaphysics as well as the topics oflanguage, truth and logic constituted the core subject-matter of their "analytic realism", 1 for the task of metaphysics as they conceived things was the description of 2 the world. And logic and ontology are indissolubly linked in the system of the grandfather of analytic philosophy, Frege. After the Golden Age of analytic philosophy - in Cambridge and Austria - opposition to realism as well as the "linguistic turn" contributed for a long time to the eclipse of ontology. 3 Thanks in large measure to the work of some of the senior contributors to the present volume - Roderick Chisholm, Herbert Hochberg, David Armstrong and Karel Lambert - ontology and metaphysics now enjoy once again the central position they occupied some eighty years ago in the heyday of analytic philosophy.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401720397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 557 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 61
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy of mind ; Psycholinguistics ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach presents a synthesis of viewpoints and data on linguistic, psychological, anatomical and behavioral studies on living species of Primates and provides a comparative framework for the evaluation of paleoanthropological studies. This double endeavor makes it possible to direct new research on the nature and evolution of human language and cognition. The book is directed to students of linguistics, biology, anthropoloy, anatomy, physiology, neurology, psychology, archeology, paleontology, and other related fields. A better understanding of speech pathology may stem from a better understanding of the relationship of human communication to the evolution of our species. The book is conceived as a timely contribution to such knowledge since it allows, for the first time, a systematic assessment of the origins of human language from a comprehensive array of scientific viewpoints
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401732963
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 387 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature
    Abstract: The dialectic of light and darkness studied in this collection of essays reveals itself as a primal factor of life as well as the essential element of the specifically human world. From its borderline position between physis and psyche, natural growth and techne, bios and ethos, it functions as the essential factor in all the sectors of life at large. We see its crucial role in all sectors of life while, prompted by man's creative imagination, it enhances and spurs his vital as well as societal and spiritual life. This rare collection contains studies by Thomas Ryba, Krystina Górniak-Kocikowska, Lois Oppenheim, Sydney Feshback, Eldon van Lieve, Sitansu Ray, Theodore Litman, Peter Morgan, Colette Michael, Christopher Lalonde, L. Findlay, Christopher Eykman, Beverly Schlack Randles, Jorge García-Gómez, William Haney, Sherilyn Abdoo, David Brottman, Alan Pratt, Hans Rudnick, George Scheper, Freema Gottlieb, Marlies Kronegger
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 265 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 20
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Geography ; Population ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Spatial economics. ; Economic geography. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: Randstad Holland is the urbanized western part of the Netherlands. It contains the four largest cities of the country: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. The name Randstad (rim city) refers to the distinctive shape of the conurbation, a horseshoe of cities around an open agricultural and recreational area, known as the Green Heart. This book analyzes the restructuring of the region. The volume summarizes the research of the Urban Networks research program. The discussion is focused on four themes: housing, labor market and employment, infrastructure and transportation, and the provision of public services. The Randstad is internationally known as the playground of urban and regional planners. Their debates on present policy issues are extensively reviewed in the book. Teachers and students of urban change and planning, and policy makers and planners in The Netherlands and abroad will find much valuable information in this book
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 398 p) , digital
    Edition: Sixth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1: World Organizations -- 1. The International Monetary Fund -- 2. The World Bank Group -- 3. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade -- 4. The Commodity Agreements. the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad) -- 5. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- 2: European Organizations -- 6. Benelux -- 7. Central and Eastern European Cooperation -- 8. The European Communities -- 9. The European Free Trade Association -- Conclusion -- List of Articles -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401714648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 322 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 127
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 127
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The articles in this book display the originality and creativity of Eros and Eris, and their important role in the history of our culture, particularly in the history of philosophy and its role in today's systematic philosophy. Although these contributions to a hermeneutical phenomenology in this compilation are organized in a linear-chronological order (treating Homer, Hesiod, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Cusanus, Kant, Hegel, Schelling, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger and Levinas), they all carry out their own hermeneutical movement in the history of philosphy on the basis of a commitment with out life, here and now, and a thematic, professional interest. Among the contributors are: R. Bernasconi, J. Colette, J.F. Courtine, L. Dupré, Kl. Düsing, J. Greisch, J. Kockelmans, P.-J. Labarrière and G. Jarczyk, E. Levinas, Al. Lingis, J.-L. Marion, O. Pöggeler, W. Richardson, P. Ricoeur, J. Sallis, M. Theunissen and S. IJsseling
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401135061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 349 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Computer science ; Social sciences ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: Riding a Tiger, or Computer Supported Cooperative Work -- Personalisable Groupware: Accommodating Individual Roles and Group Differences -- Office Systems Development and Gender: Implications for Computer-Supported Co-operative Work -- CSCW and Distributed Systems: The Problem of Control -- Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms -- The Group Facilitator: A CSCW Perspective -- Idea Management in a Shared Drawing Tool -- Panel: Formalization in CSCW -- Experiences with the DOMINO Office Procedure System -- Distributed Computing and Organisational Change Enable Concurrent Engineering -- An Analysis of Design and Collaboration in a Distributed Environment -- ClearFace: Translucent Multiuser Interface for TeamWorkStation -- PEPYS: Generating Autobiographies by Automatic Tracking -- Panel: Organizational Memory -- Boosting Connectivity in a Student Generated Collaborative Database -- A Model for Real-Time Co-operation -- Questioning Representations -- Speech Acts or Communicative Action? -- The Concept of Activity as a Basic Unit of Analysis for CSCW Research -- Being Selectively Aware with the Khronika System -- Participation Frameworks for Computer Mediated Communication -- Sound Support for Collaboration -- CSCW: Discipline or Paradigm? A Sociological Perspective -- Small Workshop Abstracts -- ECSCW’91 Directory: Authors & Committee Members.
    Description / Table of Contents: Riding a Tiger, or Computer Supported Cooperative WorkPersonalisable Groupware: Accommodating Individual Roles and Group Differences -- Office Systems Development and Gender: Implications for Computer-Supported Co-operative Work -- CSCW and Distributed Systems: The Problem of Control -- Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms -- The Group Facilitator: A CSCW Perspective -- Idea Management in a Shared Drawing Tool -- Panel: Formalization in CSCW -- Experiences with the DOMINO Office Procedure System -- Distributed Computing and Organisational Change Enable Concurrent Engineering -- An Analysis of Design and Collaboration in a Distributed Environment -- ClearFace: Translucent Multiuser Interface for TeamWorkStation -- PEPYS: Generating Autobiographies by Automatic Tracking -- Panel: Organizational Memory -- Boosting Connectivity in a Student Generated Collaborative Database -- A Model for Real-Time Co-operation -- Questioning Representations -- Speech Acts or Communicative Action? -- The Concept of Activity as a Basic Unit of Analysis for CSCW Research -- Being Selectively Aware with the Khronika System -- Participation Frameworks for Computer Mediated Communication -- Sound Support for Collaboration -- CSCW: Discipline or Paradigm? A Sociological Perspective -- Small Workshop Abstracts -- ECSCW’91 Directory: Authors & Committee Members.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401137362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: To The Argument Of 1768 -- To The Arguments Of 1770 And 1783 -- On The First Ground Of The Distinction Of Regions In Space (1768) -- Selection From Section 15 Of Dissertation On The Form And Principles Of The Sensible And Intelligible World (1770) -- Selection From The Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics (1783) -- On Higher Space -- The Paradox Of Incongruous Counterparts -- Tractatus 6.36111 -- Incongruent Counterparts And Absolute Space -- The Fourth Dimension -- The Ozma Problem And The Fall Of Parity -- The Difference Between Right And Left -- Kant Incongruous Counterparts, And The Nature Of Space And Space-Time -- Hands, Knees, And Absolute Space -- Incongruous Counterparts, Intrinsic Features, And The Substantiviality Of Space -- Incongruent Counterparts -- Showing And Telling: Can The Difference Between Right And Left Be Explained In Words? -- Right, Left, And The Fourth Dimension -- On the Other Hand...: A Reconsideration of Kant, Incongruent Counterparts, and Absolute Space -- Replies To Sklar And Earman -- Kant On Incongruent Counterparts -- The Role of Incongruent Counterparts in Kant’s Transcendental Idealism -- Incongruent Counterparts And Things In Themselves -- Contemporary Contributors.
    Abstract: Incongruent counterparts are objects that are perfectly similar except for being mirror images of each other, such as left and right human hands. Immanuel Kant was the first great thinker to point out the philosophical significance of such objects. He called them "counter­ parts" because they are similar in nearly every way, "incongruent" because, despite their similarity, one could never be put in the place of the other. Three important discussions of incongruent counterparts occur in Kant's writings. The first is an article published in 1768, 'On the First Ground of the Distinction of Regions in Space', in which Kant con­ tended that incongruent counterparts furnish a refutation of Leibniz's relational theory of space and a proof of Newton's rival theory of absolute space. The second is a section of his Inaugural Dissertation, published two years later in 1770, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as showing that our knowledge of space must rest on intuitions. The third is a section of the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics of 1783, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as a paradox resolvable only by his own theory of space as mind-dependent. A fourth mention in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science of 1786 briefly repeats the Prolegomena point. Curiously, there is no mention of incongruent counterparts in either of the editions (1781 and 1787) of Kant's magnum opus, the Critique of Pure Reason.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401133326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 269 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 5
    Series Statement: Risk, Governance and Society 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Political science. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Technological Factors: Discoveries, Uncertainties, and Limits on Safety Strategies -- Economic Factors: Shifting Electricity Demand and Financing Problems -- Managerial Factors -- Political Attitudes -- Summary and Outline of the Book -- 2. Shoreham’s Beginnings -- The Early Development of Nuclear Power -- The Surge in Orders -- The Decision to Build Shoreham -- Basic Design of the Plant -- Key Early Decisions -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 2 -- 3. The early Politics of Shoreham -- The Contrasting Reactions to Shoreham and Lloyd Harbor -- The Purpose of AEC/NRC Hearings -- The Licensing Process -- Shoreham’s Hearings -- Two Views of the Hearings -- Appendix to Chapter 3 -- 4. Shoreham’s Contruction -- The Review of Construction -- Oversight by LILCO’s Board of Directors and Others -- LILCO’s Management of the Regulatory System -- The Failure of Engineering to Support Construction -- LILCO’s Relationship with Stone and Webster -- Labor Productivity -- The Failure of the Diesel Generators -- Disallowance of Costs -- Appendix to Chapter 4 -- 5. The Emergency Planning Controversy -- The Strengthening of Planning Requirements -- The County’s Split with LILCO -- The Marburger Panel -- LILCO’s Tax Maneuver and Cohalan’s Switch -- The Federal Test of Emergency Planning -- The Federal Response to State and Local Opposition -- Appendix to Chapter 5 -- 6. Takeover, Settlement, or Shoreham? -- The Establishment of the Long Island Power Authority -- Takeover or Negotiated Settlement? -- Projected Costs of the Settlement and Alternatives -- Appendix to Chapter 6 -- 7. The Politics of Settling Shoreham -- The Reactions to the Settlement -- LILCO’s Progress in Licensing Shoreham -- Legislative Action on the Settlement -- The RICO Suit -- The Revised Shoreham Settlement -- The Federal Government’s Opposition to the Settlement -- The Economic Evaluation of the Settlement -- The Denouement at Shoreham -- Conclusion -- Appendix to Chapter 7 -- 8. Conclusion -- LILCO’S Problems and Changes -- State and Local Opposition -- Policy, Personal Stakes, and Decision Momentum -- References -- Appendix: Chronology of Significant Events in the Shoreham Project.
    Abstract: Several individuals noted the potentially important civilian uses of atomic energy shortly after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. That year J. Robert Oppenheimer told a national radio audience that "in the near future" it would be possible to generate profitable electric power from "controlled nuclear chain reaction units" (reactors). It was suggested that, after fIfteen to twenty-five years of development, mature nuclear technology could provide virtually inexhaustible, cheap energy given the abundance of nuclear fuel. Admiral Lewis Strauss, the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, stated that atomic power would generate electricity "too cheap to meter" (A statement that, according to Brookhaven National Laboratories' physicist Herbert Kouts, immediately "caused consternation among his technical advisors" [Kouts, 1983: 3)). For a brief period it was thought that airplanes would fly using atomic power, and homes would install small nuclear reactors for heat and hot water. 1950s and early 1960s a small number of prototype nuclear In the reactors came on line in the United States. The first power plant protoype reactor began operation in Shippingport, Pennsylvania in 1957. It was followed by the Dresden 1 unit near Chicago in 1959, the Yankee plant in Rowe, Massachusetts (1960), and the Indian Point (New York) and Big Rock Point (Michigan) plants in 1%2. These five plants had a combined 800 megawatts (800 MW), or less than one generating capacity ofless than percent of the total American electricity generating capacity in 1962.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 623 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 128
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One The Two Fundamental Observations -- 1. Science Demands the Concept of Thing -- 2. Science Seeks Explanation -- Book Two The Explanatory Process -- 3. Deduction -- 4. Rationality Postulated -- 5. Identity and Identification -- 6. The Irrational -- 7. Biological Phenomena -- 8. Forms of Spatial Explanation -- 9. The Possibilities of Scientific Explanation -- 10. The State of Potentiality -- Book Three Global Explanation -- 11. Hegel’s Attempt -- 12. Schelling’s Objections -- 13. Hegel and Comte -- 14. Hegel, Descartes and Kant -- Book Four Scientific and Philosophic Reason -- 15. Science and Philosophic Systems -- 16. The Rationality of the Real Reconsidered -- 17. The Epistemological Paradox -- 18. The Oneness of Human Reason -- Appendices -- 1 The Precursors of Hume -- 2 The Resistance to Lavoisier’s Theory -- 3 The Formula of the Universe in Laplace and in Taine -- 4 Arrhenius’s Theory and Other Such Efforts -- 5 Hegel’s Political Attitude -- 6 The Prestige and the Decline of Hegelian Philosophy -- 7 Abstract and Concrete Reason in Hegel -- 8 Hegel’s Panlogism -- 10 The Philosophy of Nature and Scientific Progress -- 11 Hegel, Schelling and Chemical Theory -- 12 Hegel and National Science -- 13 Hegel’s Artistic Sense and Sense of Rhythm -- 14 The Hegelian Dialectic and Experience -- 15 Schelling, Hegel and Victor Cousin -- 16 The Identity of Thought and Reality in Schelling -- 17 Schelling’s Announced Works -- 18 Caroline Schelling -- 19 Personal Relations Between Schelling and 20 Hegel -- 20 Tycho Brahe, Astrology and the Motion of the Earth -- 21 Non-Euclidean Space and Physical Verification -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Emile Meyerson's writings on the philosophy of science are a rich source of ideas and information concerning many philosophical and historical aspects of the development of modem science. Meyerson's works are not widely read or cited today by philosophers or even philosophers of science, in part because they have long been out of print and are often not available even in research libraries. There are additional chevaux de !rise for all but the hardiest scholars: Meyerson's books are written in French (and do not all exist in English versions) and deal with the subject matter of science - ideas or concepts, laws or principles, theories - and epis­ temological questions rather than today's more fashionable topics of the social matrix and external influences on science with the concomitant neglect of the intellectual content of science. Born in Lublin, Poland, in 1859, Meyerson received most of his education in Germany, where he studied from the age of 12 to 23, preparing himself for a career in chemistry. ! He moved to Paris in 1882, where he began a career as an industrial chemist. Changing his profession, he then worked for a time as the foreign news editor of the HAVAS News Agency in Paris. In 1898 he joined the agency established by Edmond Rothschild that had as its purpose the settling of Jews in Palestine and became the Director of the Jewish Colonization Association for Europe and Asia Minor. These activities represent Meyerson's formal career.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’archives-Husserl 122
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One / The Critique of Relativism in the Prolegomena to the Logical Investigations -- 1. The Prolegomena Critique -- 2. Relativism Reconsidered -- Two / The Critique of Historicism and Weltanschauung Philosophy in “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” -- 1. The Critique of Historicism -- 2. The Defense of Philosophy as a Science -- Three / The Phenomenological Elucidation of Truth: Between Skepticism and Relativism -- 1. Cartesian Objectivism and the Epistemic Critique -- 2. Truth and Evidenz in the Prolegomena -- 3. Truth and Evidenz in the Sixth Investigation -- 4. Truth and Evidenz in Ideas I -- 5. Summary and Provisional Conclusions -- Four / Phenomenology and the Absolute -- 1. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Path to Absolute Evidenz -- 2. Adequacy and Apodicticity -- 3. Intersubjectivity: A First Approach -- Five / Relativism and the Lifeworld -- 1. Historical Introduction: The ‘Turn’ to the Lifeworld -- 2. The Plurality and Relativity of the Lifeworld -- 3. The Lifeworld and Truth -- 4. The Priority of the Lifeworld -- 5. The Phenomenological Overcoming of Relativism -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The question of relativism is a perennial one, and as fundamental and far­ reaching as the question of truth itself. Is truth absolute and universal, the same everywhere and for everyone? Or is truth historically, culturally, biologically, or otherwise relative, varying from one epoch or species to another? Although the issues surrounding relativism have attracted especially intense interest of late, they continue to spark heated controversies and to pose problems lacking an obvious resolution. On the side of one prevalent form of relativism, it is argued that we must finally recognize the historical and cultural contingency of our available means of cognition, and therefore abandon as naIve the absolute conception of truth dear to traditional philosophy. According to this line of thinking, even if there were univer­ sally valid principles, knowledge of them would not be possible for us, and thus an absolute conception of truth must be rejected in light of the demands of critical epistemology. However, when truth is accordingly relativized to some contingent subjective cognitive background, new difficulties arise. One of the most infamous of these is the logical inconsistency of the resulting thesis of relativism itself. Yet an even more serious problem is that the relativization of truth makes truth itself contingent, thereby undermining the motivation for preferring one belief or value to another, or even to its opposite.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789400919525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 4
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Social sciences
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Business and Economics
    Series Statement: Studies in Operational Regional Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human Geography
    Abstract: 1. Wayfinding: Choice and Search -- 1.1 Personal Experience or Alternative Introduction -- 1.2 Scope -- 1.3 Relevance of Route Choice Behavior Research -- 1.4 Structure of the Book -- 2. Route Choice Behavior Theory -- 2.1 Basic Definitions -- 2.2 Basic Assumptions -- 2.3 Spatial Behavior -- 2.4 Travel Behavior -- 2.5 Route Choice Behavior -- 3. Elements of Route Choice Behavior -- 3.1 Learning Networks -- 3.2 Choice Set Formation -- 3.3 Route Choice Factors -- 3.4 Perception of Route Attributes -- 3.5 Evaluation of Routes and Choice Decision -- 3.6 Route Choice Dynamics -- 3.7 Route Choice in a Network Equilibrium Perspective -- 3.8 The Role of Experience -- 4. Observations of Route Choice Behavior -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Observation Methods -- 4.3 Observations of Individual Behavior -- 4.4 Observations of Choice Situations -- 4.5 Actual Route Paths -- 5. Route Choice Models -- 5.1 Modeling Approaches -- 5.2 Choice Set Generation Models -- 5.3 Random Utility Models -- 5.4 Production Rule Systems -- 6. Applications -- 6.1 Review of Practice and Potential -- 6.2 Estimation of Traffic Volumes -- 6.3 Traffic Assignment -- 6.4 Traffic Management Schemes -- 6.5 Design of Networks and Facilities -- 6.6 Route Guidance Systems -- 7. Future Prospects -- 7.1 Congestion — How Much Can We Take? -- 7.2 Route Choice and Congestion Relief -- Author Index -- Credits.
    Abstract: With the ever increasing number of opportunities, in every aspect of modem life, making choices becomes part of our daily routine. It is thus only natural that social scientists have started to study human choice behavior. Early efforts focused on modeling aggregate choice patterns of home buyers, shoppers, travelers, and others. Later studies, aiming to achieve more realistic results, have concentrated on simula­ ting disaggregate behavior. The most recent approach in choice research is the so-called Discrete Choice Modeling. It is a front-line area mainly in contemporary transportation, geography, and behavioral research. It focuses on individuals' decision-making processes regarding the choice of destinations, modes, departure times, and routes. Considerable research has been done on identifying and quantify­ ing the general rules governing the individuals' choice behavior, but to the best of our knowledge there is no single book that solely deals with route choice. The study of travelers' route choice in networks is primarily oriented towards gaining insight into their spatial choice behavior. How do people choose routes in a network, what do they know, what do they look for, which road characteristics playa role? On the basis of this information it is possible to design quantitative models aimed at predicting the use of routes dependent on the characteristics of the routes, those of the surrounding environment, and those of the travelers. In this way, traffic flows in the network can be calculated and the network performance can be evaluated.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Epistemology & Nominalism -- 2. What Is Abstraction & What Is It Good For? -- 3. Beliefs About Mathematical Objects -- 5. Field & Fregean Platonism -- 5. ? in The Sky -- 6. Nominalism -- 7. The Logic of Physical Theory -- 8. Knowledge of Mathematical Objects -- 9. Physicalism, Reductionism & Hilbert -- 10. Physicalistic Platonism -- 11. Sets are Universals -- 12. Modal-Structural Mathematics -- 13. Logical & Philosophical Foundations for Arithmetical Logic -- 14. Criticisms of the Usual Rationale for Validity in Mathematics -- Contributors -- Index of Proper Names.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401729758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 271 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 14
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Genetic epistemology ; Systems theory ; Sociology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; System theory. ; Control theory.
    Abstract: Selforganization — the Convergence of Ideas. An Introduction -- I. Epistemological Foundations -- Science and Daily Life: The Ontology of Scientific Explanations -- Self-Organization, Emergent Properties and the Unity of the World -- On a Fundamental Paradigm Shift in the Natural Sciences -- The Cognitive Program of Constructivism and a Reality that Remains Unknown -- II. Selfreference and Selfregulation in Social Systems -- How the Law Thinks: Toward a Constructivist Epistemology of Law -- Self-Regulation in Social Systems -- Systemic Therapy — A Particular Drift Between Systems Theory and Psychotherapy -- Literary Systems as Self-organizing Systems -- Chekhov’s Letter: Linguistic System and its Discontents -- III. The Appearance of Structure -- Concepts of Self-Organization in the 19th Century -- Cognitive Systems as Self-Organizing Systems -- IV. The Selforganization of Science -- Self-Organization and Autopoiesis in the Development of Modern Science -- The Selforganization of Science — Outline of a Theoretical Model -- Actor-Networks versus Science as Self-Organizing System: A Comperative View of two Constructivist Approaches -- Self-Organization and New Social Movements -- Person Index.
    Abstract: may be complex without being able to be replaced by something »still more simple«. This became evident with the help of computer models of deterministic-recursive systems in which simple mathematical equation systems provide an extremely complex behavior. (2) Irregularity of nature is not treated as an anomaly but becomes the focus of research and thus is declared to be normal. One looks for regularity within irregularity. Non-equilibrium processes are recognized as the source of order and the search for equilibrium is replaced by the search for the dynamics of processes. (3) The classical system-environment model, according to which the adaptation of a system to its environment is controlled externally and according to which the adaptation of the system occurs in the course of a learning process, is replaced by a model of systemic closure. This closure is operational in so far as the effects produced by the system are the causes for the maintenance of systemic organization. If there is sufficient complexity, the systems perform internal self-observation and exert self-control (»Cognition« as understood by Maturana as self-perception and self-limitation, e. g. , that of a cell vis-a. -vis its environment). 22 But any information a system provides on its environment is a system-internal construct. The »reference to the other« is merely a special case of »self-reference«. The social sciences frequently have suffered from the careless way in which scientific ideas and models have been transferred.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical self-portrait -- Review-article: T Kotarbi?ski’s Elements of the Theory of Knowledge, Formal Logic and Methodology of the Sciences -- Psychologism and the principle of relevance in semantics -- Names in Kotarbi?ski’s Elementy -- Consistent reism -- A note about reism -- Puzzles of existence -- On the dramatic stage in the development of Kotarbi?ski’s pansomatism -- Semantic reasons for ontological statements: the argumentation of a reist -- Philosophical and methodological foundations of Kotarbi?ski’s praxiology -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of genuine names -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of pseudo-names -- On the phases of reism -- Philosophy of the concrete -- Kotarbi?ski, many-valued logic, and truth -- Concerning reism -- The voice of the past in Kotarbi?ski’s writings -- References -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: Tadeusz Kotarbinski is one of towering figures in contemporary Polish philosophy. He was a great thinker, a great teacher, a great organizer of philosophical and scientific life (he was, among others, the rector of the Uni versi ty of t6dz, the president of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the president of the International Institute of Philosophy), and, last but not least, a great moral authority. He died at the age of 96 on October 3, 1981. Kotarbinski was active in almost all branches of philosophy. He made many significant contributions to logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, history of philosophy, and ethics. He created a new field, namely praxiology. Thus, using an ancient distinction, he contributed to theoretical as well as practical philoso~hy. Kotarbinski regarded praxiology as his major philosophical "child". Doubtless, praxiology belongs to practical philosophy. This collection, howewer, is mainly devoted to Kotarbinski' s theoretical philosophy. Reism - Kotarbinski' s fundamental idea of ontology and semantics - is the central topic of most papers included here; even Pszczolowski' s essay on praxiology considers its ontological basis. ,Only two papers, namely that of Zarnecka-Bialy and that of Wolenski, are not linked with reism. However, both fall under the general label "Kotarbinski: logic, semantics and ontology". The collection partly consists of earlier published papers.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 231 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 15
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Environmental management ; Operations research. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Uncertainty and quality are crucial aspects of knowledge for science related to policy. Hitherto the skills of managing them have been neglected, partly because of the metaphysical prejudices that mathematical language is inherently precise and scientific assertions necessarily correct. In this age of global environmental problems, there is an urgent need for a method of expressing judgements of uncertainty and quality that is convenient, robust and nuanced. The notational system NUSAP (Numeral, Unit, Spread, Assessment, Pedigree) has been created to fill this need. In this book NUSAP is explained and applied to several examples from the environmental sciences. The authors are now making further extensions of NUSAP, including an algorithm for the propagation of quality-grades through models used in risk and safety studies. They are also developing the concept of `Post-normal Science', in which quality assurance of information requires the participation of `extended peer-communities' lying outside the traditional expertise
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 212
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Conditioning of Events versus Causal Conditioning -- 1. Kinds of events and kinds of conditions -- 2. Some properties of the relation of conditioning: symmetry and transitivity -- 3. Temporal relations among events. The broadest interpretation of causal conditioning -- 4. A narrower interpretation of causal conditioning: events as changes -- 5. Other narrower approaches to causal determination -- 6. Relations among events, among features and among variables -- 7. Kinds of methods of establishing causal relations -- 8. Conclusions -- II. The Simplest Case of Causal Analysis -- 1. Preliminary remarks -- 2. Statistical relationship -- 3. Dichotomous systems -- 4. Interactions among variables -- 5. Causal relationship as a relationship which is not spurious -- 6. Probabilistic definition of cause -- 7. Cause as a necessary component of a sufficient condition -- 8. Conclusions -- III. The Causal Interpretation of Relationships in Non-experimental Single Studies -- 1. The occurrence and non-occurrence of causal relationships -- 2. Intensity of causal relationships -- IV. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Diachronic Research -- 1. Kinds of processes and methods of studying changes -- 2. The panel method and the verification of statements on causal relationships -- V. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Experimental Research -- 1. Classical experiment -- 2. Experiment with four groups and with the possibility of controlling the effect of the first study -- 3. Incomplete schemata of experiments -- 4. Enriched schemata of experiments -- 5. Conclusions -- VI. Causal Analyses and Theoretical Analyses -- 1. Causal analyses as theories -- 2. Causal “models” -- 3. The concept of cause -- 4. The problem of determinism -- VII. Human Beings and Collectivities. The Problem of the “Level of Analysis” in Sociology -- 1. Three meanings of membership in a collectivity -- 2. Social wholes -- 3. Classification of variables -- 4. Contextual properties -- 5. Ecological correlation -- 6. Reductionism -- Concluding Remarks: Problems Raised and Results Obtained -- Notes -- Bibliographical Postscript -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The general treatment of problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena has traditionally been the domain of philosophy, but when one examines the relationships taking place in the various fields, the study of such conditionings belongs to the empirical sciences. Sociology is no exception in that respect. In that discipline we note a certain paradox. Many problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena have been raised in sociology in relatively recent times, and that process marked its empirical or even so-called empiricist trend. That trend, labelled positivist, seems in this case to be in contradiction with a certain type of positivism. Those authors who describe positivism usually include the Humean tradition in its genealogy and, remembering Hume's criticism of the concept of cause, speak about positivism as about a trend which is inclined to treat lightly the study of causes and confines itself to the statements on co-occurrence of phenomena.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789400919624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 14
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: One — Gamed Simulations for Social Scientists -- Gaming in the College Classroom -- Scientific Gaming -- Gamed Simulation -- Social Science Research with Gamed Simulations -- Games Versus Real Life -- The Industrial Revolution -- Starpower -- Research Design -- Stratification in Agrarian and Industrial Society Contrasted -- Findings About Conflict and Change -- What is a Gamed Simulation? -- Simulation -- Gamed Simulations -- two — History of Gamed Simulation in Social Science Research -- Inter-Nation Simulation (INS) -- Simsoc (Simulated Society) -- Starpower -- High School -- Generation Gap -- The Commons Game -- Conclusion -- three — Theory -- Social Structure -- Open and Closed Social Systems -- Implications of Social Structure for Empirical Predictions Concerning Play of Starpower -- Status Characteristics -- The Intergroup Association Block -- The Formation of Interests and Perceptions -- Group Size and the Organization of Interest Groups -- The Second Round -- Rule Change Portion of the Game and Class Conflict -- Mobilization -- Group Interaction -- Rule Changes -- Elite Theory -- Law -- Repression -- Collective Action -- The Results of Repression and Collective Action -- Four — History and Rules of Starpower -- History -- How Starpower is Played -- Transcript of a Play of Starpower -- Five — Operationalization of Concepts of the Theory Model -- The Social Structural Block: Manipulated Variables -- Variables of the Status Characteristics Block -- Round 2 -- The Rule Change Portion of the Game -- Round 3 -- Six — Hypotheses to be Tested in the Starpower Simulation -- Components of the Theoretical Model -- Round 2 -- The End of Round 2 -- The Rule Change Portion of the Game -- Round 3 -- Summary of the Hypotheses -- Seven — Research Procedures -- The Classroom Groups -- Player Characteristics -- Size of Societies -- Size of Social Classes -- Late Arriving Players -- Starpower and the Sociology and Social Anthropology Curriculum -- Game Administration -- Identification Tags -- Player’s Logs -- Timing of Rounds -- Standardized Bonus Rounds -- Round 3 -- Rule Changes -- Collective Action -- Debriefing -- Summary -- Eight — Qualitative Analysis of Starpower -- The Day We Played Starpower: Observations by a Fictitious Player -- Group Bonus -- Motility -- Rule Changes -- Collective Action -- Comments by Players -- Summary of the Observations -- Nine — Findings from the Quantitative Analysis of Collective Action in Starpower -- Round 1 -- Round 2 -- Transition Period at the end of Round 2 -- Rule Changes -- Verbal Interactions -- Collective Action -- Round 3 -- Summary of Data Analysis -- Afterword -- Appendix a — Sample Scoresheet -- References.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401716772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 17
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cartography ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Geography. ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: I Geographical Information Systems and Planning -- 1 Geographical information systems: the emerging requirements -- 2 The application of geographical information systems in urban and regional planning -- 3 Growth of geographical information system applications in developing countries -- II Data Management -- 4 Intelligent information systems for accessing planning databases: the San Francisco experience -- 5 Geographical information systems database design: experiences of the Dutch National Physical Planning Agency -- III Urban Planning Applications -- 6 Information management within the planning process -- 7 Fixed asset management and geographical information systems in the Netherlands -- 8 Geographic information system development in Tacoma -- IV Decision Support Systems for Land Use Plannng -- 9 Regional planning for new housing in Randstad Holland -- 10 Geographical information system applications in environmental impact assessment -- 11 A geographical information system based decision support system for environmental zoning -- 12 Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land use in the Netherlands -- V Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Decision Support -- 13 The application of geographical information systems in the spatial analysis of crime -- 14 Spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a review of progress and possibilities -- 15 Geographical information systems and model based analysis: towards effective decision support systems -- 16 Decision support and geographical information systems -- VI Education and Management -- 17 Education in geographical information systems -- 18 How to cope with geographical information systems in your organisation -- VII Developments in Hardware and Software -- 19 Geoprocessing and geographic information system hardware and software: looking toward the 1990s -- 20 Geographical information systems and visualization -- VIII Information Based Societies -- 21 Geographical information systems in perspective -- References -- Color plates.
    Abstract: In August 1989, a Summer Institute was held at the Academie van Bouwkunst, the seventeenth century home of Amsterdam's School of Architecture, Town Planning and Landscape. The meeting brought together experts in Geographical Information Systems from throughout the world to address an international audience of planners. The contents of this book reflect many of the themes that were presented and discussed at the conference. The Summer Institute, let alone this volume, would not have been possible without the support of the International Association for the Development and Management of Existing and New Towns (INTNAIVN), the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISoCaRP), The National Physical Planning Agency of the Netherlands (RPD) and the Berlage Studio. We wish to acknowledge the assistance provided by these organisations and by the various sponsors: The Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, the Municipality of Amsterdam, Logisterion b.v., ESRI, UNISYS, MABON b.v., SPSS, PRIME Computer Inc., PANDATA. The provision of hardware facilities by the various computer companies allowed immensely valuable 'hands on' experience to be gained by all the participants.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 119
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure -- Two: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure for Contemporary Sociology -- On the Current Rediscovery of Georg Simmel’s Sociology — A European Point of View -- Georg Simmel’s Concept of Society -- Georg Simmel and the Study of Modernity -- The World as Human Construction -- Four Concepts of Social Science at Berlin University: Dilthey, Lazarus, Schmoller and Simmel -- Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and its Fate -- Simmel on Memory -- Social Differentiation and Modernity: On Simmel’s Macrosociology -- Simmel’s Sociology in Relation to Schopenhauer’s Philosophy -- Simmel on the Ratio of Subjective Values to Objective Cultural Possibilities -- On the Concept of “Erleben” in Georg Simmers Sociology -- Georg Simmel as an Analyst of Autonomous Dynamics: The Merry-Go-Round of Fashion -- Simmel, Individuality, and Fundamental Change -- Georg Simmel’s Theory of Culture -- The Groundwork of Simmel’s New “Storey” Beneath Historical Materialism -- Georg Simmel and the Cultural Dilemma of Women -- Dimensions of Conflict: Georg Simmel on Modern Life -- Simmel’s Influence on Lukács’s Conception of the Sociology of Art -- Simmel’s Metaphysics -- INDEX OF NAMES.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789400921412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Human Biology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction: The place and the study -- 2: Flora and fauna -- 3: Trace metals -- 4: The Aymará: An outline of their pre and post-Columbian history -- 5: Paleopathology -- 6: Nutritional characteristics of the Aymará of northern Chile -- 7: The Chilean Aymará and their reproductive patterns -- 8: Ecologic determinants of the health of Aymará children -- 9: Disease and disability among the Aymará -- 10: Heterozygosity and physical growth in an Andean population -- 11: Hearing and hypoxia among the Aymará -- 12: Altitude and cardiopulmonary relationships -- 13: Oral characteristics of the Aymará -- 14: Intratribal genetic differentiation as assessed through electrophoresis -- 15: Ethnogenesis and affinities to other South American aboriginal populations -- 16: Epilogue -- References -- Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program Publications.
    Abstract: South America's Andean highlands have seen the rise and decline of several impressive, indigenous civilizations. Separated somewhat in time and place, each developed its distinctive socio-cultural accouterments but all shared a need to adjust to the individual, societal and environmental limitations imposed by life at high altitude. Partial oxygen pressure, temperature and humidity fall systematically as altitude rises, but there are other changes as well. Darwin, Forbes, von Humboldt, von Tschudi and other naturalists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who weaved their way through South America commented repeatedly on the tolerance or apparent indifference of the indigenes to the rigors of life at altitudes above 3000 meters but its impact upon lowlanders. Von Tschudi (1847), for example, observed 'in the cordillera the effect of the diminished atmospheric pressure on the human frame shows itself in intolerable symptoms of weariness and an extreme difficulty of breathing . . . . The first symptoms are usually felt at the elevation of 12,600 feet (3800 m) above the sea. These symptoms are vertigo, dimness of sight and hearing, pains in the head and nausea . . . . Inhabitants of the coast and Europeans, who for the first time visit the lofty regions of the cordillera, are usually attacked with this disorder. ' But von Tschudi's description of acute mountain sickness was hardly the first; his Spanish predecessors had known and commented upon it too.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Human Biology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Historical Notes on Dermatoglyphics: From Purkinje to Cummins -- Dermatoglyphics as Genetic Markers -- Dermatoglyphic Recording and Scoring Techniques -- Genetic and Developmental Dermatoglyphics -- Prenatal Communalities in Epidermal Ridge Development -- Variability and Asymmetry in Main Line Index among 20 Dhangar Castes of Maharashtra, India -- Developmental Aspects of Human Palmar, Plantar, and Digital Flexion Creases -- Dermatoglyphics and the Geschwind Hypothesis. I. Theoretical Background and Palmar Results of Dyslexia -- Dermatoglyphics and the Geschwind Hypothesis. II. Digital Results of Dyslexia and Developmental Implications -- Effect of Environmental Pollutants on Dermatoglyphics Patterns -- Clinical Dermatoglyphics -- Dermatoglyphics of Three Alzheimer Families -- Dermatoglyphics in Hungarian Schizophrenic Patients -- Dermatoglyphic Variations in Achondroplasia -- Dermatoglyphics in Syndromes with Hand Malformations -- Dermatoglyphics in the Pathology of Breast Cancer and Cervix Carcinoma -- Dermatoglyphics in Marfan Syndrome -- Anthropological Dermatoglyphics -- Dermatoglyphics and Population Distance -- Dermatoglyphics in the Eastern Adriatic — Possibilities and Dilemmas in the Study of Population Structure -- Dermatoglyphics of Eastern Slavs -- Dermatoglyphics of the Finno-Ugrians of Eurasia -- The Dermatoglyphics of Egyptian Nubians -- Dermatoglyphics of Turkic Peoples of the U.S.S.R. -- Dermatoglyphics of Native Polynesians in the Cook Islands, and Their Biological Positioning Among South Pacific Populations -- Dermatoglyphics of the Isolated Kapingamarangese of Micronesia -- Pattern Intensities and Pattern Sizes on Palm and Sole of Chimpanzee: Description and Comparison with Humans.
    Abstract: The preparation of a volume of worldwide research contributions can be a time­ consuming task which is frequently more difficult than many other types of book. This particular venture was made easier by the assistance of many people. Therefore, we wish to acknowledge: the suggestions, academic support and direction of Dr. Kenneth M. Weiss, our American editor; the assistance of the staff of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Northern Iowa, particularly the generous and congenial efforts of Ms. Rosemarie Skaine and Mrs. Heidi Anderegg whose computer and deciphering skills may be legendary; the kind responses to our long-distance questions from Mr. Martin Scrivener of Kluwer Publications are much appreciated; finally, the efforts of Dr. Paul T. Baker and Dr. Ralph M. Garruto for their help in rounding out the final contents. NMD CCP FOREWORD Among the many techniques developed by nineteenth century anatomists for the study of human morphological structures the analysis of dermatoglyphics has proven to be one of the most useful and durable. The series of reports presented herein reflect the dynamism of the topic. Such analyses provide a valuable tool for measuring the genetic relatedness of human populations and an inexpensive technique for alerting us to the degree of genetic involvement in the causes of many diseases.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400910539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (472p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Family. ; Criminology. ; Social groups.
    Abstract: I Introduction: Research On Organization and Accountability For State Intervention -- 1. Independent Representation of Children in Protection Proceedings -- 2. Adolescent Childbearing and Prevention Strategies: Battleground for Testing the Limits of Government Intervention -- 3. The American Indian Child Welfare Act: Achievements and Recommendations -- 4. Policy Development as a Hegemonic Strategy: Example of the Child and Family Services Act in Ontario -- 5. Decentralizing Child Welfare Services: An Assessment of Service Impact, Costs and the Morale of Staff -- 6. Managing the Family Contacts of Children Absent in Care, Professional and Legislative Issues: The Experience of England and Wales -- 7. Efficiency in Foster Family Care: Proceeding with Caution -- 8. The State as Parent: Assessing Outcomes in Child Care -- 9. Child Care Placement Outcomes -- II Introduction: Research On Young Persons In Conflict With The Law -- 10. Social Change, Legal Transformation, and state Intervention: Youth Justice in the Arab Republic of Egypt -- 11. The Scottish Children’s Hearing System: Community or State Control? -- 12. Custodial Control or Community Alternative?: An Examination of the Impact of the 1982 Criminal Justice Act in One Local Authority -- 13. Evaluating Conflicts Between Intention and Outcome Within Changing Canadian Juvenile Justice Policy: Just Listen to What the Data Says! -- 14. Tackling the Conflict: A Framework Analysis of Dispute Settlement -- 15.Closed Units in Institutions for Children -- 16.Law Policies and Implications for the Youth Welfare System: The Hamburg Example -- 17. Hind the Gap: The Creation of the Non-Divertible -- 18. Deviant Interventions or Deviant Youth? -- III Introduction: Research On Child Abuse -- 19. Child Abuse, Social Theory, and Everyday State Practices -- 20. Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: State Intervention in Canada -- 21. Sexual Abuse Prevention Training: Issues of State Intervention -- 22. False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse: Implications for Policy and Practice -- 23. The Use of Criminal Sanctions in Child Abuse and Neglect -- IV Introduction: Research On Children In Care -- 24. Evaluation of Foster-Family-Based Treatment in Comparison with Other Programs: A Preliminary Analysis -- 25. Foster Care Breakdown: A Study of a Special Teenager Fostering Scheme -- 26. Intensive Home-Based Family Treatment: Client Outcomes and Issues for Program Design -- 27. A Belgian Approach to Work Rehabilitation -- 28. Research on Trends in Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth in Aarhus, Denmark -- 29. In Care, In Contact? -- 30. The Effectiveness of Permanent Substitute Family Placement for Older Children in Care -- 31. An Examination of Long Term Foster Family Care for Children and Youth -- 32. Patterns of Care: The First Twelve Months -- 33. Effectiveness Analysis of Residential Child Care Services in Belgium -- 34. Integrating Professional and Community Resources for Young Persons -- 35. The Transition From Long Term Care to Adoption -- Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The thirty-five chapters in this book are edited versions of papers presented at the Advanced Research Workshop, State Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth, which took place in Maratea, Italy, February 20-24, 1989. The Workshop was attended by leading child welfare researchers from most of the Western countries. Represented were scholars and practitioners from disciplines as diverse as law, social work, neurology, economics, political science, education, psychology, and psychiatry. This variety of disciplines considerably enriched the discussions at the Workshop and is reflected in a set of interesting and, we believe, potentially useful research papers. This book is divided into four sections, each dealing with dominant themes of state intervention. The first section deals with research on organizing for state intervention and related ways of providing accountability. The second section deals with research on young persons in conflict with the law, the third with research on child abuse and the final section with research on children in care. Many of the matters addressed in these papers relate to more than one of the topical theme headings and, therefore, might well have been located in different sections of the volume. Each section is introduced by an introductory statement that provides an overview of the papers and issues addressed, and suggests an agenda of research work to be undertaken. These introductions are based largely on workshop discussions and do not necessarily represent the views of their identified authors.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400923911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 12
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Environmental sciences ; Environmental economics ; Human Geography ; Environment.
    Abstract: Section I: Regional Studies -- 1. The recreational use and abuse of the coastline of Florida -- 2. Management strategies for coastal conservation in South Wales, U.K. -- 3. Recreational uses and problems of Port Phillip Bay, Australia -- 4. Recreation in the coastal areas of Singapore -- 5. The Azov Sea coast as a recreational area -- 6. The influence of ethnicity on recreational uses of coastal areas in Guyana -- 7. Recreational uses in the coastal zone of central Chile -- 8. Recreational uses of Québec coastlines -- Section II: Coastal Recreation in Adverse Environments -- 9. Recreational use of the Washington State coast -- 10. Pacific coast recreational patterns and activities in Canada -- 11. The recreational use of the Norwegian coast -- 12. Patterns and impacts of coastal recreation along the Gulf coast of Mexico -- 13. Wetlands recreation: Louisiana style -- 14. The natural features of the Caspian Sea western coasts in the context of their prospective recreational use -- Section III: Planning for Recreation -- 15. Construction of a recreational beach using the original coastal morphology, Koege Bay, Denmark -- 16. Tourist planning along the coast of Aquitaine, France -- 17. Sydney’s southern surfing beaches: characteristics and hazards -- 18. Twenty five years of development along the Israeli Mediterranen coast: goals and achievements -- 19. Differential response of six beaches at Point Pelee (Ontario) to variable levels of recreational use -- 20. Anthropogenic effects on recreational beaches -- 21. Formulating policies using visitor perceptions of Biscayne National Park and seashore -- Section IV: Miscellaneous -- 22. Marine recreation in North America -- 23. Beach resort morphology in England and Australia: a review and extension.
    Abstract: Human clustering in coastal areas The coastal zone has gained a solid reputation as a place vocated for recreational activities and this is generally related to the presence of the sea. The relationship, however, does not appear univocal or simple: the sea can be perceived as a hostile element by humans and the more general question of whether the presence of the shore is in itself a favourable, repulsive, or irrelevant factor to settlement is a debatable point, at least for pre-industrial societies. Back in the early part of the 19th century, Friedrich Hegel regarded oceans and rivers as unifying elements rather than dividing ones, thus implying a trend towards the concentration of human settlements along them. 'The sea', he wrote, 'stimulates 1 courage and conquest, as well as profit and plunder', although he realized that this did not equally apply to all maritime peoples. In Hegel's view, different approaches to the sea were mainly the results of cultural factors and, in fact, he recognized that some people living in coastal areas perceive the sea as a dangerous and alien place and the shore as aftnis terrae.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (576p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I - The Elements for Interpreting Kant -- 1 - Space and Time -- 2 - Thought -- 3 - Substance -- 4 - The World -- 5 - The Rework Hypothesis -- II - The Early View -- 1 - The Early Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Early View -- 3 - The Break-Up of the Early View -- III - The Middle View -- 1 - The Middle Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Middle View -- IV - The Transition to the Late View — The Mathematical Antinomies -- 1 - The Break-Up of the Middle View over the Second Antinomy -- 2 - The Argument of the Antinomies Against the Middle View -- V - The Late View -- 1 - The Late Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of The Late View.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 49
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cartography ; Econometrics ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Geography. ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: I/Dynamic Choice Models -- Dynamic Models of Choice Behaviour: some Fundamentals and Trends -- Is Spatial Behaviour Service-Sensitive? An Empirical Test -- Using Consumer Panels to Model Travel Choices -- Robustness in Modelling Dynamics of Choice -- Inference from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data for Dynamic Behavioural Processes -- An Assessment of Attrition in a Multi-Wave Panel of Households -- Spatial Interaction and Discrete Choice: Statics and Dynamics -- II/Dynamic Urban Models -- Spatial Dynamics and Urban Models -- Some Properties of Spatial-Structural-Economic-Dynamic Models -- Urban Structures, Dynamic Modelling and Clustering -- A Stochastic Model of Intraurban Supply and Demand Structures -- Spatial Systems Modelling: from Land Use Planning to a Geographical Theory Approach -- Measuring and Simulating the Structure and Form of Cartographic Lines -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Thi s book ari ses from The Fourth European Coll oqui urn on Theoret i ca 1 and Quant itat i ve Geography wh i ch was he 1 din Ve 1 dhoven, The Netherlands in September 1985. It contains a series of papers on spatial choice dynamics and dynamical spatial systems which were presented at the colloquium, together with a few other soll icited ones. The book is intended primarily as a state-of-the art review of mainly European research on these two fastly growing problem areas. As a consequence of this decision, the book contains a selection of papers that differs in terms of focus, level of sophistication and conceptual background. Evidently, the dissimination of ideas and computer software is a time-related phenomenon, which in the European context is amplified by differences in language, the profile of geography and the formal training of geographers. The book reflects such differences. It would have been impossible to produce this book without the support of the various European study groups on theoretical and quantitative geography. Without their help the meetings from which this volumes originates would not have been held in the first place. We are also indebted to the Royal Dutch Academy of Science for partly funding the colloquium, and to SISWO and TNOjPSC for providing general support in the organisation of the conference.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400910553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 175p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: 1 — The Self and Its Language -- II — The Final Kingdom -- III — Religion and Philosophical Idealism in America -- IV — Alternative Philosophical Conceptualizations of Psychopathology -- V — Absence, Presence and Philosophy -- VI — The Interpretation of Greek Philosophy in Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology -- VII — Earth in the Work of Art -- VIII — Linguistic Meaning and Intentionality: The Relationship of the a Priori of Language and the a Priori of Consciousness in Light of a Transcendental Semiotic or a Linguistic Pragmatic -- IX — The New Permissiveness in Philosophy: Does It Provide a Warrant for a New Kind of Religious Apologetic? -- X — Foucault and Historical Nominalism -- XI — Reflexivity and Responsibility -- Index of Names -- Contributors.
    Abstract: It has been a constant intention of the series of AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS IN PHILOSOPHY to present to the philosophical reader books which probed the frontiers of contemporary philosophy. That intention remains true of the following volume, which offers an international dialogue regarding the phenomenological program and succeeding movements. Early in this Series we tried, as well, to initiate philosophical discussion across serious boundaries and barriers which have characterized contemporary reflection. That theme also continued in the original essays presented herein. With the publication of this fifth volume in the Series we have crossed something of a minor milestone in our endeavor, and are appreciative of the kind welcome with which we have been received by the readers. We wish to thank sincerely the contributors to this volume for their helpful and willing cooperation. We also wish to thank Ms. Irmgard Scherer for her translation of Professor Apel's paper, as well as Professor Apel himself for reviewing this translation. We are also pleased to thank the Office of the Dean of the College Of Arts And Sciences and especially Dean Betty T. Bennett, for a grant for typing, as well as Ms. Mary H. Wason for her fine typing skills and her kind cooperation.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400927315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. Patterns of Continuity and Change -- 2. Infection, Innovation and Residence: Illness and Misfortune in the Torricelli Foothills from 1800 -- 3. Western Medicine and the Continuity of Belief: the Maisin of Collingwood Bay, Oro Province -- 4. Doktas and Shamans among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea -- 5. Illness and Ideology: Aspects of Health Care on Goodenough Island -- 6. Health Care and Medical Pluralism: Cases from Mount Hagen -- 7. The Place of Western Medicine in Ponam Theories of Health and Illness -- 8. The Amele and Dr Braun: a History of Early Experience with Western Medicine in Papua New Guinea -- 9. Medical Pluralism among the Yangoru Boiken -- 10. The Doctor and the Curer: Medical Theory and Practice in Kove -- 11. Gender in the Diet and Health of the Wopkaimin -- 12. Complementarity in Medical Treatment in a West New Britain Society -- 13. Modernity and Medicine among the Maring -- List of Contributors -- References -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400930612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 201
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Logical, Methodological and Philosophical Aspects of Probability -- Probability: A Composite Concept -- Two Faces and three Masks of Probability -- Ambiguous Uses of Probability -- Some Logical Distinctions Exploited by Differing Analyses of Pascalian Probability -- Probability and Confirmation -- Chance, Cause and the State-Space Approach -- World as System Self-synthesized by Quantum Networking -- A Brief Note on the Relationship between Probability, Selective Strategies and Possible Models -- 2: Probability, Statistics and Information -- Critical Replications for Statistical Design -- The Contribution of A.N. Kolmogorov to the Notion of Entropy -- The Probability of Singular Events -- Probability, Randomness and Information -- 3: Probability in the Natural Sciences -- Probability, Organization and Evolution in Biochemistry -- Relativity and Probability, Classical and Quantal -- Probabilistic Ontology and Space-Time: Updating an Historical Debate -- Probability and the Mystery of Quantum Mechanics -- Probability and Determinism in Quantum Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Probability has become one of the most characteristic con­ cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in­ tellectual life. However it would be difficult to determine an explicit list of 'positive' features, to be proposed as identifica­ tion marks of this way of thinking. One would rather say that it is characterized by certain 'negative' features, i. e. by certain at­ titudes which appear to be the negation of well established tra­ ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, world outlooks and the like. It is because of this opposition to tradition that the probabilistic approach is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in­ tellectual style. As an example one could mention the widespread diffidence in philosophy with respect to self -contained systems claiming to express apodictic truths, instead of which much weaker pretensions are preferred, that express 'probable' interpretations of reality, of history, of man (the hermeneutic trend). An ana­ logous example is represented by the interest devoted to the study of different patterns of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which rely not so much on the truth of the premisses and stringent formal logic links, but on a display of contextual conditions (depending on the audience, and on accepted stan­ dards, judgements, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions more 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (572p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Anthropology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I: The Social Sciences and Biomedicine -- Relationships between Society, Culture, and Biomedicine: Introduction to the Essays -- II: Mind, Body, Values, and Society -- Tenacious Assumptions in Western Medicine -- Mind and Body as Metaphors: Hidden Values in Biomedicine -- Psyche, Soma, and Society: The Social Construction of Psychosomatic Disorders -- III: Reproducing Medical Perception and Practice -- Medical Students and the Cadaver in Social and Cultural Context -- Patients, Physicians and Context: Medical Care in the Home -- Discourse, Descriptions and Diagnoses: Reproducing Normal Medicine -- IV: Medicine Evolving, Medicine Adapting -- Space and Time in British General Practice -- Thinking Prevention: Concepts and Constructs in General Practice -- Clinical Science and Clinical Expertise: Changing Boundaries Between Art and Science in Medicine -- V: Medical Construction of life Cycle Processes -- Babyhood: The Social Construction of Infant Care as a Medical Problem in England in the Years Around 1900 -- Menopause as Process or Event: The Creation of Definitions in Biomedicine -- On the Boundary of Life and Death: The Definition of Dying by Medical Residents -- VI: Biomedical Knowledge and Practice Across Cultures -- A Nation at Risk: Interpretations of School Refusal in Japan -- Medical Practice in Response to a Folk Illness: The Treatment of Nervios in Costa Rica -- VII: Constructing the “Ordinary” out of the “Extraordinary” -- Physicians and the Disclosure of Undesirable Information -- The Technological Imperative in Medical Practice: The Social Creation of a “Routine” Treatment -- The Social Construction of a Machine: Ritual, Superstition, Magical Thinking and Other Pragmatic Responses to Running a CT Scanner -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The culture of contemporary medicine is the object of investigation in this book; the meanings and values implicit in biomedical knowledge and practice and the social processes through which they are produced are examined through the use of specific case studies. The essays provide examples of how various facets of 20th century medicine, including edu­ cation, research, the creation of medical knowledge, the development and application of technology, and day to day medical practice, are per­ vaded by a value system characteristic of an industrial-capitalistic view of the world in which the idea that science represents an objective and value free body of knowledge is dominant. The authors of the essays are sociologists and anthropologists (in almost equal numbers); also included are papers by a social historian and by three physicians all of whom have steeped themselves in the social sci­ ences and humanities. This co-operative endeavor, which has necessi­ tated the breaking down of disciplinary barriers to some extent, is per­ haps indicative of a larger movement in the social sciences, one in which there is a searching for a middle ground between grand theory and attempts at universal explanations on the one hand, and the context-spe­ cific empiricism and relativistic accounts characteristic of many historical and anthropological analyses on the other.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400927131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 393 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Medicines in Context: an Introduction -- The Transaction of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Commercial Pharmaceutical Medicine and Medicalization: a Case Study from El Salvador -- Traditional Practitioners and Western Pharmaceuticals in Sri Lanka -- Medicines and Rural Health Services: an Experiment in the Dominican Republic -- Buying Drugs in Addis Ababa: a Quantitative Analysis -- ‘Casi como doctor’: Pharmacists and their Clients in a Mexican Urban Context -- The Articulation of Formal and Informal Medicine Distribution in South Cameroon -- The Rise of the Modern Jamu Industry in Indonesia: a Preliminary Overview -- The Meaning of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Culture and Pharmaceutics: Some Epistemological Observations of Pharmacological Systems in Ancient Europe and Medieval China -- The Use of Herbal and Biomedical Pharmaceuticals on Mauritius -- The Power of Medicines in East Africa -- Traditional Medication at Pregnancy and Childbirth in Madura, Indonesia -- The Reinterpretation and Distribution of Western Pharmaceuticals: an Example from the Mende of Sierra Leone -- Cultural Meanings of Oral Rehydration Salts in Jamaica -- Penicillin: an Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine -- Cultural Constructions of Efficacy -- Conclusion -- Pharmaceutical Anthropology: Perspectives for Research and Application -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Western pharmaceuticals are flooding the Third World. Injections, capsules and tablets are available in city markets and village shops, from 'traditional' practitioners and street vendors, as well as from more orthodox sources like hospitals. Although many are aware of this 'pharmaceutical invasion', little has been written about how local people perceive and use these products. This book is a first attempt to remedy that situation. It presents studies of the ways Western medicines are circulated and understood in the cities and rural areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. We feel that such a collection is long overdue for two reasons. The first is a practical one: people dealing with health problems in developing countries need information about local situations and they need examples of methods they can use to examine the particular contexts in which they are working. We hope that this book will be useful for pharmacists, doctors, nurses, health planners, policy makers and concerned citizens, who are interested in the realities of drug use. Why do people want various kinds of medicine? How do they evaluate and choose them and how do they obtain them? The second reason for these studies of medicines is to fill a need in medical anthropology as a field of study. Here we address our colleagues in anthropol­ ogy, medical sociology and related disciplines.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400937239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 9
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Epidemiology ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Section I: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives -- Introduction: Medical Anthropology and Epidemiology -- Early Work in Anthropology and Epidemiology: From Social Medicine to the Germ Theory, 1840 to 1920 -- Anthropology and Epidemiology in the Twentieth Century: A Selective History of Collaborative Projects and Theoretical Affinities, 1920 to 1970 -- Section II: Infectious Diseases -- Epidemiological Research on Infectious Disease: Quantitative Rigor or Rigormortis? Insights from Eth-nomedicine -- Ethnicity, Ecology, and Mortality Transitions in Northwestern Thailand -- The AIDS Epidemic in San Francisco: Epidemiological and Anthropological Perspectives -- Section III: Non-Infectious Diseases -- Migration and Hypertension: An Ethnography of Disease Risk in an Urban Samoan Community -- The Meaning of Lumps: A Case Study of the Ambiguities of Risk -- Section IV: Psycho-Social Conditions -- Colonial Stress in the Canadian Arctic: An Ethnography of Young Adults Changing -- Respondent-Identified Reasons for Change and Stability in Alcohol Consumption as a Concomitant of the Aging Process -- Identifying Psychosocial Disorders in Children: On Integrating Epidemiological and Anthropological Understandings -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Over the past two decades increasing interest has emerged in the contribu­ tions that the social sciences might make to the epidemiological study of patterns of health and disease. Several reasons can be cited for this increasing interest. Primary among these has been the rise of the chronic, non-infectious diseases as important causes of morbidity and mortality within Western populations during the 20th century. Generally speaking, the chronic, non­ infectious diseases are strongly influenced by lifestyle variables, which are themselves strongly influenced by social and cultural forces. The under­ standing of the effects of the behavioral factors in, say, hypertension, thus requires an understanding of the social and cultural factors which encourage obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, non-compliance with anti-hypertensive medica­ tions (or other prescribed regimens), and stress. Equally, there is a growing awareness that considerations of human behavior and its social and cultural determinants are important for understanding the distribution and control of infectious diseases. Related to this expansion of epidemiologic interest into the behavioral realm 'has been the development of etiological models which focus on the psychological, biological and socio-cultural characteristics of hosts, rather than exclusive concern with exposure to a particular agent or even behavioral risk. Also during this period advances in statistical and computing techniques have made accessible the ready testing of multivariate causal models, and so have encouraged the measurement of the effects of social and cultural factors on disease occurrence.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400939851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminaries -- 3. Social Welfare Function, Social Choice Function and Voting Procedures -- 4. First Problem: Cyclic Majorities -- 4.1. The Condorcet paradox -- 4.2. How to conceal the problem: the amendment procedure -- 4.3. How common are the cycles -- 4.4. Solutions based on ordinal preferences -- 4.5. Solution based on scoring function: the Borda count -- 4.6. More general majority cycles -- 5. Second Problem: How to Satisfy the Condorcet Criteria -- 5.1. Condorcet criteria -- 5.2. Some complete successes -- 5.3. Some partial successes -- 5.4. Complete failures -- 5.5. Some probability considerations and the plausibility of the Condorcet criteria -- 5.6. The majority winning criterion -- 6. Third Problem: How the Avoid Perverse Response to Changes in Individual Opinions -- 6.1. Monotonicity and related concepts -- 6.2. Successes -- 6.3. Failures -- 6.4. The relevance of the monotonicity criteria -- 7. Fourth Problem: How to Honour Unanimous Preferences -- 7.1. Unanimity and Pareto conditions -- 7.2. Successes -- 7.3. A partial failure and a total failure -- 7.4 Relevance and compatibility with other criteria -- 8. Fifth Problem: How to Make Consistent Choices -- 8.1. Choice set invariance criteria -- 8.2. Performances with respect to consistency -- 8.3. Performances with respect to WARP and PI -- 8.4. The relevance of the criteria -- 9. Sixth Problem: How to Encourage the Sincere Revelation of Preferences -- 9.1. Manipulability -- 9.2. Performance with respect to manipulability -- 9.3. The difficulty of manipulation -- 9.4. Agenda-manipulability -- 9.5. Sincere truncation of preferences -- 10. Social Choice Methods Based on More detailed information about Individual Preferences -- 10.1. The von Neumann-Morgenstern utility and classes of interpersonal comparability -- 10.2. Old and new methods -- 10.3. An assessment -- 11. Asking for Less Than Individual Preference Orderings -- 11.1. Constructing a social preference order for a subset of alternatives -- 11.2. Results based on individual choice functions -- 12. Why Is There So Much Stability and How Can We Get More of It? -- 12.1. Explanations of stability -- 12.2. Improving the performance of the voting procedures -- 13. From Committees to Elections -- 13.1. Proportional and majoritarian systems -- 13.2. Criteria for proportional systems -- 13.3. Voting power -- 14. Conclusions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In many contexts of everyday life we find ourselves faced with the problem of reconciling the views of several persons. These problems are usually solved by resorting to some opinion aggre­ gating procedure, like voting. Very often the problem is thought of as being solved after the decision to take a vote has been made and the ballots have been counted. Most official decision making bodies have formally instituted procedures of voting but in informal groups such procedures are typically chosen in casu. Curiously enough people do not seem to pay much attention to which particular procedure is being resorted to as long as some kind of voting takes place. As we shall see shortly the procedure being used often makes a great difference to the voting outcomes. Thus, the Question arises as to which voting procedure is best. This book is devoted to a discussion of this problem in the light of various criteria of optimality. We shall deal with a number of procedures that have been proposed for use or are actually in use in voting contexts. The aim of this book is to give an evaluation of the virtues and shortcomings of these procedures. On the basis of this evaluation the reader will hopefully be able to determine which procedure is optimal for the decision setting that he or she has in mind.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400936416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; History
    Abstract: I. Meinong, Brentano, Chisholm -- A. Alexius Meinong the Person -- B. Meinong and Brentano -- C. Meinong and Chisholm -- II. Perception -- A. General Remarks -- B. Internal Perception -- C. Sphere of Ideas and Sphere of Judgments -- D. Psychic Analysis -- E. Production of Ideas -- F. Perception of Temporally Distributed Objects -- III. Time and the Temporal -- A. General Remarks -- B. Subjective Time -- C. Persistence -- D. Objective Object Time -- E. Perception of Temporal Determinations -- F. Additional Remarks -- IV. Fantasy -- A. Fantasy Ideas and Dispositions -- B. Production of Fantasy Ideas -- V. Memory -- A. General Remarks -- B. Judgments of Existence -- C. Memory Judgments of Being Thus-and-So -- D. Assumption Versus Judgment -- E. Memory of Objects of External Perception -- F. Memory of Feelings and Their Objects -- G. Remembering Judgments of Subsistence -- H. Negative Memories -- VI. Onevidence -- A. Introduction -- B. Judgments -- C. Preliminary Description of Evidence -- D. Presumtive Evidence -- E. Evidence for Certainty -- F. Evidence as Property -- G. Evidence as Fundamental Act -- H. Evidence as Content -- I. Absence of Evidence in Judgments Capable of Evidence, Unawareness of Present Evidence -- J. Evidence and Truth -- K. Evidence and Linguistic Systems -- L. A Principle of Evidence for Internal Perception -- M. Evidence of Memory Judgments.
    Abstract: In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in Meinong's work; but since the bulk of it is still encased in his quite forbidding German, most students are limited to the few available translations and to secondary sources. Unfortunately Meinong has been much maligned - only in a few instances with good reason - and has consequently been dealt with lightly. Meinong stood at a very important junction of European philosophical and scien­ tific thought. In all fields - physics, chemistry, mathematics, psychology, philolo- revolutionary strides were being made. Philosophy, on the other hand, had run its post-Kantian course. New philosophical thinkers came from different disciplines. For example, Frege and later Russell were mathematicians, Boltzmann and Mach were physicists. Earlier Bolzano and then Brentano were originally theologians, and Meinong was a historian. 1 The sciences with their new insights and theories offered an enormous wealth of information which needed to be absorbed philosophically; but traditional philosophy could not deal with it. Physics presented a picture of reality which did not fit into the traditional schemes of empiricism or idealism. Ontological and epistemological questions became once again wide open issues. For example, atoms at first were still considered to be theoretical entities.
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 6
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology. ; Linguistics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Schools of Thought: Some Theoretical Observations -- Toward a Definition of Schools of Thought -- The Cognitive Divergence of Schools of Thought -- The Implications of the System of Cognitive Divergence -- Social Divergence -- Schools vs. Disciplines: Autonomy and Institutionalization -- Schools and the Legitimation of Scientific Results -- Schools in Academic Science -- The Dual Legitimation System -- Cognitive Consequences of the Dual Legitimation System -- Opportunities for Divergence: Center and Periphery -- Opportunities for Divergence: The Leader’s Status -- Schools of Thought in Linguistics -- II: The Idea System of the Early Comparative Grammarians -- Early Comparative Grammarians: Philosophical and Theoretical Beliefs -- The Schleicherian Synthesis: To Save the Phenomena -- Linguistic Methodology Before 1870 -- III: Linguistics at the German University -- The Idea of Higher Education and the Growth of Linguistics -- The Organization of Teaching and Research -- Linguistics and Philology: Modes of Institutionalization -- IV: The Neogrammarian Doctrine -- The Neogrammarian Inheritance: Linguistic Methodology -- A Method in Search of a Theory -- V: The Neogrammarian Revolution From Above -- The Problem -- A School of Thought as a Bid for Scientific Authority -- The Institutional Setting -- The Neogrammarian “Revolution from Above” -- Cognitive Repercussions of Institutional Changes -- VI: The Idealist Reaction -- Causality and Explanation in Linguistics: the Denial of Science -- Language as Art and the Idea of Linguistic Study -- The Denial of Linguistics: Neo-Idealists and the Crisis of Learning -- VII: Saussure’s Revolution From Within -- The Road to Synchrony: Overdetermination and Its Obstacles -- The Construction of a Linguistic Fact -- Structuralism: Language as an Autonomous Object -- VIII: Schools on the Periphery -- Saussure as a Marginal Man? -- Linguistics on the Periphery -- IX: Conclusions -- Notes and References.
    Abstract: This book is based on the assumption that the development of science has to be understood both as a social and as an intellectual process. The division between internal and external history, between history of ideas and sociology of science, has been harmful not only to our understanding of scientific rationality but also to our understanding of the social processes of scientific development. Just as philosophy of science must be informed by its history, so also must sociology of science be both historically and philosophically informed. Proceeding on this assumption, I examine in detail the contents of linguistic ideas and the changes they underwent, as well as the institutional processes of disciplinary development and school formation. The development of linguistics in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has provided me with a convenient locus for a study of the processes of cognitive change and continuity in the context of modern academically institutionalized science. This book examines first the idea system and the institutionalization of historical and comparative linguistics in the first half of the nineteenth century, and then focusses on the for­ mation and development of three schools of thought: the Neogrammarians, the Neo-Idealists, and the Geneva School of Ferdinand de Saussure.
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400935037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Shame and Feelings of Modesty -- The “Location” of the Feeling of Shame and Man’s Way of Existing -- I. The Preconditions for the Occurrence of Shame of the Body -- II. Shame and Related Feelings -- III. Basic Forms of the Feeling of Shame and Theories of its Origin -- IV. The Sexual Feeling of Shame and its Function -- V. Psychic and Bodily Feeling of Shame in Man and Woman -- Repentance and Rebirth -- Exemplars of Person and Leaders -- I. Some General Comments concerning Personal Exemplars and Leaders -- II. The Mind of the Person in the Formation of Human Groups. The Vehicles of the Effectiveness of Personal Exemplars (The Formation of Fate). Models of Personal Exemplars -- III. The Saint -- IV. The Genius -- V. The Hero -- VI. The Leading Mind of Civilization -- VII. The Master in the Art of Living -- Bibliography of English Translations of the Works of Max Scheler.
    Abstract: From the mysterious powers and forces peculiar to both individual and community that can turn our lives into either good or bad lives, I wish to point to two such powers being at the same time different in their own nature and yet closely related to each other: The powers that emerge from exemplary persons and leaders. Understood as basic to both sociology and the philosophy of history, it comes to us as no surprise that the problem of exemplary persons and leaders - along with the questions of the qualities types, selections and education of leaders; forms of unison existing be­ tween leaders and their followers, all of which belonging to the subdivisions of this problem - must be a burning problem for a people whose historical leaders from all walks of life have, in part, been swept away by wars and revolutions. This fact we also find in all salient epochs of history characterized more or less by changes in leadership. It is precisely for this reason that in our own time every group appears to struggle ever so hard with this problem, namely, who their leaders should be. This pertains equally to a group within a party, to a class, to occupations, to unions, to various schools or present-day youth movements, and even to religious and ecclesias­ tical groupings. Beyond any comparison, there is yearning everywhere for lead­ ership.
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400936379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Sociology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Three Characters of Absolute Time -- a) The Coincidence of Meaning and Phase -- b) The Distinction between Becoming and What Comes-To-Be -- c) The Phenomenon of Transition -- II The Impulsion of Life -- a) Ultimate Foundations of Organic and Inorganic Matter -- b) Impulsion and Phantasy -- c) The Factors of Reality and Ideality -- III Mind and the Genesis of Human Ideas -- a) Two Examples for the Genesis of Ideas in Greek Philosophy -- b) Contemporary Conception of Ideas: The Essence of Pragmatism -- c) The Essence of Pragmatic Truth: Functionalization -- d) Idea as “Sketch”: Introductory Comment -- IV The Unfinished Idea of Man -- a) Man’s Self-Understanding as Sketch -- b) Capitalism and the Concept of an Entity -- c) Variations of the Functional Appearance of Entities and the Role of the Sketch -- d) A Second Look at the Idea as Sketch and the Essence of Capitalism and Economics -- Notes.
    Abstract: There is little more than a decade left before the bells allover the world will be ringing in the first hour of the twenty-first century, which will surely be an era of highly advanced technology. Looking back on the century that we live in, one can realize that generations of people who have already lived in it for the better parts of their lives have begun to ask the same question that also every individual person thinks about when he is faced with the first signs of the end of his life. It is the question: "Why did everything in my life happen the way it did?" Or, "It would have been so easy to have channelled events into directions other than the way they went. " Or, "Why, in all the world, is my life coming to an end as it does, or, why must all of us face this kind of end of our century?" Whenever human beings take retrospective views of their lives and times - when they are faced with their own personal "fin du siecle" - there appears to be an increasing anxiety throughout the masses asso­ ciated with a somber feeling of pessimism, which may even be mixed with a slight degree of fatalism. There is quite another feeling with those persons who were born late in this century and who did not share all the events the older generation experi­ enced.
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400935099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: Ontological Roots of the Phenomenon of Death: A Heideggerean Interpretation -- One: Individuation and Temporality -- Two: Temporality as the Meaning of Being-Towards-Death -- Three: Death, Time and Appropration -- Four: A Project Beyond Heidegger -- Two: Death as an Ontic E-Vent: Coming to terms with the phenomenon of death as a determinate possibility -- One: Reflecting on One’s own Death -- Two: The Death of the Other -- Three: The Phenomenon of Immortality -- Three: Ontic/Ontological Implications -- One: Ontology as Concrete -- Two: Is Phenomenology still too Metaphysical? -- Key to abbreviations.
    Abstract: Building upon the "preliminary conception of Phenomenology" introduced by Heidegger in section II of the Introduction to Sein und zeit,l one may say that a phenomenology of death would mean: "to let death, as that which shows itself, be seen from itself in the very way in which it shows itself from itself. " Does this mean then, that a properly phenomenological d- cription of death may reveal to us what death as a factical event is like "in the very way in which it shows itself from itself"? Although I cannot experience my death in order to describe it, may some kind of phenomenologica'l inference or "extrapolation"2 be the condition for a unique and privileged revelation of what it is like to be dead? There is an important element of phenomenological descr- tion which renders such an extrapolation implausible, and it involves what Husserl originally called the reduction to signi- cance or meaning. It can never be true for the phenomenologist, 1 Heidegger, Martin, Sein und zeit, p. 34. e. t. page 58. 2 Henry W. Johnstone Jr. thinks that while one cannot extrapo­ late from the experience of sleep to the experience of death, it may be possible to extrapolate from the phenomeno­ lQgy of sleep to the phenomenology of death. Cf. H. W. John­ stone Jr. , "Toward a Phenomenology of Death", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. XXXV, No. 3, 1975, pages 396-7. Cf.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400936393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: 1. A Version of Cartesian Method -- Körner’s Reply -- 2. Concepts, Rules and Innateness -- Körner’s reply -- 3. Five Concepts of Freedom in Kant -- Körner’s reply -- 4. The Modes of Philosophical Involvement With a Categorial Framework -- Körner’s Reply -- 5. Establishing the Correspondence Theory of Truth and Rendering it Coherent -- Körner’s Reply -- 6. Prudence and Akrasia -- Körner’s Reply -- 7. Determinism, Responsibility and Computers -- Körner’s Reply -- 8. Logic and Inexactness -- Körner’s Comment -- Bibliography of Stephan Körner’s Works.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 179 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Scientific Creativity -- 3. Art and Science -- 4. Creative Evolution -- 5. Artistic Creativity as Creative Evolution -- 6. Final Description -- 7. Notes -- 8. Index.
    Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce is quickly becoming the dominant figure in the history of American philosophy. The breadth and depth of his work has begun to obscure even the brightest of his contemporaries. Concerning the interpretation of his work, however, there are two distinct schools. The first holds that Peirce's work is an aggregate of important but disconnected insights. The second school argues that his work is a systematic philosophy with many pieces of the overall picture still obscure or missing. It is this second view which seems to me the most reasonable, in part because it has been convincingly defended by other scholars, but most importantly because Peirce himself described his philosophy as systematic: What I would recommend is that every person who wishes to form an opinion concerning fundamental problems should first of all make a complete survey of human knowledge, should take note of all the valuable ideas in each branch of science, should observe in just what respect each has been successful and where it has failed, in order that, in the light of the thorough acquaintance so attained of the available materials for a philosophical theory and of the nature and strength of each, he may proceed to the study of what the problem of philosophy consists in, and of the proper way of solving it (6. 9) [1].
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400935938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: American University Publications in Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Study of Foundationals -- I — Creativity in Building a Philosophy -- Studies in Philosophy of Religion -- II — The Reformulation of the Question as to the Existence of God -- III — Philosophical Idealism, the Irrational and the Personal -- IV — Passionate Reason -- V — Experience/Decision -- Studies in Existential Philosophy -- VI — The Second Stage of Kierkegaardian Scholarship in America -- VII — Albert Camus and the Ethics of Rebellion -- VIII — Karl Jaspers’ Christology -- IX — War, Politics, and Radical Pluralism -- X — Realism and Existentialism -- Studies in Analytic Philosophy -- XI — The a Priori, Intuitionism and Moral Language -- XII — Analytic Philosophy, Phenomenology, and the Concept of Consciousness.
    Abstract: The American University Publications In From its inception Philosophy has continued the direction stated in the sub-title of the initial volume that of probing new directions in philosophy. As the series has developed these probings of new directions have taken the two­ fold direction of exploring the relationships between the disparate traditions of twentieth century philosophy and with developing new insights into the foundations of some enduring philosophic problems. This present volume continues both of these directions. The interaction between twentieth-century Anglo-Saxon and Continental philosophy which was an implicit theme of our first and third volumes and the explicit subject of our second volume is here continued in a series of studies on major figures and topics in each tradition. In the context of these interpretative studies, Professor Durfee returns again and again to the question of the relationships between the will and the reason, and explores the conflicting goals of creativity and objectivity in formulating a philosophic position. In so doing he raises the issue as his title suggests - of the foundations of philosophy itself. He seriously challenges the belief common to both pheomenology and analytic philosophy that philosophizing can be a presuppositionless activity, objectively persued independent of the personal (and, perhaps, arbitrary) commitments of the philosopher. This issue, critical as it is to all forms of philosophy, is surely a worthy one for a series such as ours.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400938953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 325 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 50
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I / Philosophy and Logic -- On Some Limits and Resources of Common-Sense Psychology -- Probability and Proportions -- Why Substitutional Quantification Does Not Express Existence -- II / Methodology of Social Sciences -- Ideology and Science -- Some Imperfections in the Scientific Communication System and a Possible Remedy -- Value-Free vs. Value-Conscious Social Sciences -- III / Economics and Social Issues -- Public Bads and Socio-Moral Reasoning: The Case of the New Social Movements in Germany -- The Impact of Computers on Job Opportunities: An Analysis of Employment Trends, 1972–1982 -- Insurance without Utility Theory -- IV / Game and Decision Theory -- Three Theorems on the Theory of Cardinal Utility and Random Choice -- Chairman Paradoxes under Approval Voting -- Some Recent Developments in Game Theory -- Foundations of Preference -- What Does Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem Tell Us? -- Choice Processes, Computability and Complexity: Computable Choice Functions -- Curriculum Vitae Werner Leinfellner -- Werner Leinfellner:Selected Bibliograph -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This collection of articles contains contributions from a few of Werner Leinfellner's many friends and colleagues. Some of them are former students of Werner's. Others were colleagues of his at various American and European universities. Further, some have come to know Werner through his research, his long-standing editorship of Theory and Deci­ sion and his extensive participation in international conferences and congresses. The following articles are new to this volume. The areas covered are those in which Werner continues to play an active professional role. We offer them as a tribute to the many and multi-faceted contributions to the scientific enterprise for which Werner Leinfellner is so widely known. We believe such a festschrift to be fitting and long overdue. Because of the breadth of Werner's professional associations, it was difficult to select representatives from among his many spheres of influence. We apologize to the many scholars who could not be in­ cluded because of time and space considerations. Finally, we wish to express appreciation to Dean John Guilds of the University of Arkansas for providing financial support early on in the evolution of this project, to Jennifer Bauman for her bravura performance in copy-editing the manuscripts, and to our publisher at Reidel for bringing this volume to press.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789400935570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Shields, George W. The Categories and the Principle of Coherence: Whitehead's Theory of Categories in Historical Perspective. A. Zvie Bar-on 1989
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Extensive Summary of the Exposition -- I. Aristotle and the Beginning of the Doctrine of Categories -- 1. Predication, Inherence and Kinds of Being -- 2. The Definition of ‘Category’ in its Aristotelian Sense -- 3. Aristotelian Table of Categories -- 4. Quality -- 5. Quantity -- 6. Relation -- 7. Substance -- II. The Kantian Development: Systematization -- 1. Criticism of Aristotle’s Approach -- 2. The Relation between Subject and Object -- 3. ‘The Supreme Principle of Human Knowledge’ -- 4. The Table of Categories vs the Table of Judgements -- 5. The Derivability of the Categories -- 6. The Two Logics -- III. The Hegelian Stage: Speculation and Coherence -- 1. The Absence of Systematization -- 2. The Criticism Qualified, or What Did Hegel Received from Kant -- 3. Sensation, Understanding and Reason -- 4. The Hegelian Scheme of Categories -- 5. Limitations and a Broadened Context -- IV. The Non-Speculative Way: Nicolai Hartmann -- 1. The Basic Ontic Scheme -- 2. The Moments of Being: Dasein and Sosein -- 3. The Main Problem: How to Explain the Unity of the Universe -- 4. The Categorial Analysis, Its Nature and Stages -- 5. Hartmann’s Version of Coherence -- V. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Framework -- 1. ‘A Coherent, Logical and Necessary System’ -- 2. Whitehead’s Version of the Principle of Coherence -- 3. Contradictory Trends -- 4. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme -- VI. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Implementation -- 1. ‘The Ultimate’ and the ‘Modes of Existence’ -- 2. The Category of the Actual Entity -- 3. The Principles of Process -- 4. The Principle of Relativity -- 5. The Ontological Principle -- 6. The Subjectivist Principle -- 7. Whitehead’s Formulation of the ‘Categorial Laws’ -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The general topic of this book is the theory of categories, its sources, meaning and development. The inquiry can be seen to proceed on two levels. On one, the history of the theory is traced from its alleged genesis in Aristotle, through its main subsequent stages of Kant and Hegel, up to a kind of consummation in two of its prominent twentieth century adherents, Alfred North White­ head and Nicolai Hartmann. Special attention has been paid to that aspect of the Hegelian conception of the categorial analysis from which the principle of coherence emerged. On the second, deeper level, however, everything starts with Whitehead's metaphysical system, the central part of which con­ sists of a fascinating, though highly intricate, web of categorial notions and propositions. The historical perspective becomes a means for untangling that web. I am indebted to a number of people for advice, comment and criticism of various parts of this book. My greatest thanks go to my teachers and colleagues Nathan Rotenstreich, Nathan Spiegel, Yaakov Fleischman, as well as to the late Shmuel Hugo Bergman and Pepita Haezrachi. of this book was published in 1967 by An earlier, Hebrew version the Bialik Institute of Jerusalem. I am grateful to Mr Yehoshua Perel, Mr Arnold Schwartz and to my wife Varda for their cooperation in rendering the extensively revised text of the book into readable English. I also owe great appreciation to Miss Liat Dawe for an accurate and painstaking word-processing of the text.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 368 p) , digital
    Edition: Fifth Revised Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: 1: World Organizations -- 1. The International Monetary Fund -- 2. The World Bank Group -- 3. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade -- 4. The Commodity Agreements. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) -- 2: European Organizations -- 5. Benelux -- 6. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- 7. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance -- 8. The European Communities -- 9. The European Free Trade Association -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Der Worte sind genug gewechse/t, lasst mich auch endlich Taten sehn. J.W. GOETHE Since the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which are analysed in Part 1, are spe­ cialized agencies linked by special agreements with the United Nations, a few words about the UN and two of the other specialized agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labour Organization, are called for. This is followed by a short account of the Bank for International Settlements, which is also referred to in connection with the IMF and the IBRD. The rest of this introduction is devoted to some non-European attempts at economic integration (which have not yet been very successful) and to the regional development banks. 1. The United Nations (UN) The United Nations comprises 159 countries (September 1986) which have accepted the Charter of the United Nations, which was signed at San Francisco on 26 June 1945 by fifty-one states and came into force on 24 October 1945. The aims of the organization include the maintenance of peace and security, the promotion of better standards of living and the encouragement of economic and social progress for all nations by means of international cooperation. The principal organs of the UN are: The General Assembly The Security Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The Trusteeship Council The International Court of Justice The Secretariat.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789401568760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 269 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Public health ; Anthropology
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. History and Social Structure of North Yemen -- III. A Short History of Qat and Its Use -- IV. A Social Institution -- V. The Qat Experience -- VI. The Agriculture and Economics of Qat -- VII. The Botany, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Qat -- VIII. Qat and the Question of Addiction -- IX. Qat and Health -- X. Conclusion -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This book concerns the use of the drug qat in North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic), a country lying on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. However, because this substance is so interwoven into the fabric of society and culture, it is also necessarily about Yemen itself. The history and culture of South Arabia are still relatively unknown to the rest of the world, and the drug qat, so widely used there, is equally unknown. Thus, the material we present here should be of interest to all of those concerned with drug use, those who wish to understand more about Yemen and the Middle East, and to the Yemenis themselves. Another purpose is to develop some general understandings about sub­ stance uses and their effects which are less clouded by the mass hysteria and political considerations which often obscure drug issues in our own society. Examination of drug-use patterns in a country where millions of people are users on a regular basis, and where there has been familiarity with the drug for several hundred years, offers an opportunity to achieve perspectives not possible in countries with different attitudes and without such histories. I am not sanguine about the prospects of our abilities to learn from others or from the past, but I do not think we should abandon hope of doing so.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400937116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: The Life History Approach to Mental Retardation -- Sarah: The Life Course of a Down’s Syndrome Child -- Life History in Progress: A Retarded Daughter Educates Her Mother -- You Are What You Drink: Evidence of Socialized Incompetence in the Life of a Mildly Retarded Adult -- It Wasn’t Fair: Six Years in the Life of Larry B -- Living in the Real World: Process and Change in the Life of a Retarded Man -- A Case of Delabeling: Some Practical and Theoretical Implications -- Social Support and Individual Adaptation: A Diachronic Perspective -- Theodore V. Barrett: An Account of Adaptive Competence -- Conclusions: Themes in an Anthropology of Mild Mental Retardation -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: Mental retardation in the United States is currently defined as " ... signif­ icantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the development period" (Grossman, 1977). Of the estimated six million plus mentally retarded individuals in this country fully 75 to 85% are considered to be "func­ tionally" retarded (Edgerton, 1984). That is, they are mildly retarded persons with no evident organic etiology or demonstrable brain pathology. Despite the relatively recent addition of adaptive behavior as a factor in the definition of retardation, 1.0. still remains as the essential diagnostic criterion (Edgerton, 1984: 26). An 1.0. below 70 indicates subaverage functioning. However, even such an "objective" measure as 1.0. is prob­ lematic since a variety of data indicate quite clearly that cultural and social factors are at play in decisions about who is to be considered "retarded" (Edgerton, 1968; Kamin, 1974; Langness, 1982). Thus, it has been known for quite some time that there is a close relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of mild mental retardation: higher socio-economic groups have fewer mildly retarded persons than lower groups (Hurley, 1969). Similarly, it is clear that ethnic minorities in the United States - Blacks, Mexican-Americans, American Indians, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians, and others - are disproportionately represented in the retarded population (Mercer, 1968; Ramey et ai., 1978).
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400946262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 48
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I. Basic Characteristics of Socialist Economic Organizations -- 1 Organizational and Economic Principles of Socialist Public Production Management -- 2 Management of the National Economy: Organizational Structure -- II. Organizational System: Principles and Methods of Design -- 3 The Management Staff and Rationalization of an Enterprise -- 4 Design of Management Organizational Structure: Processes and Techniques -- III. The Development of Management Organization Structure -- 5 The Management Organization Structure of a Large-Scale Industrial Complex: the KAMAZ Case -- 6 Matrix Organization for Technological Innovation Management: the Case of UralElectroTyazhMash (UETM) -- 7 The Management System of the Goal-Oriented Environmental Protection Program in the Latvian SSR -- References.
    Abstract: This book is the result of extensive studies by the authors in the fields of research in. and analysis and design of. the system of management of production organizations under a socialist econ­ omy. The management of the national economy in the USSR is developed on a planned basis. This work is part of the general state-sponsored strategy of economic development which is dis­ cussed and laid down by the Congresses of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) and is then translated into concrete decisions of the government and other bodies of economic and regional management. The general policies on management improvement are closely scrutinized by these bodies. the leaders of the Party and the State. and the Soviet press. In the recent years this work has acquired special importance. The party and economic management of all levels. scientists. and experts are faced with the task of introducing. in a short period of time. radical changes in the plan­ ning and operating. creating thereby a holistic management sys­ tem based on scientific recommendations and effective practical experience.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400946163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 47
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Rationality and Uncertainty in Decision Theory -- Rationality and Uncertainty -- Practical Certainty and the Acceptance of Empirical Statements -- A New Basis for Decision Theory -- Some Questions about Bayesian Decision Theory -- Regret, Recrimination and Rationality -- II. Utility and Uncertainty -- Determination of Cardinal Utility According to an Intrinsic Invariant Model -- The Present State of Utility Theory -- A Characterization of Decision Matrices that Yield Instrumental Expected Utility -- Associative Means and Utility Theory -- On Utility Functions in a Financial Context -- The Generalized Means Model (GMM) for Non-Deterministic Decision Making -- Individual Cardinal Utility, Interpersonal Comparisons, and Social Choice -- Surviving Implications of Expected Utility Theory -- Consistency and Expected Utility Theory -- Aggregate Revealed Preferences and Random Utility Theory -- Concave Additively Decomposable Representing Functions and Risk Aversion -- III. Information and Utility -- Concepts of Information Based on Utility -- Information Utility — Statistical and Semantical Features -- IV. Risk Propensity and Decision -- Assessing Risk Propensity -- What Naive Decision Makers can Tell Us About Risk -- A Measure of Risk Aversion in Terms of Preferences -- State-Dependent Utility and Risk Aversion -- V. Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- The Impact of Uncertainty on the Optimal Decision of Risk Neutral Firms -- Strategic Planning Models and Risk Management.
    Abstract: The Second International Conference on Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory was held in Venice, June 1984. This volume presents some of the papers delivered at FUR-84. (The First International Conference, FUR-82, was held in Oslo and some of the papers presented on that occasion were published by Reidel in the volume Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory with Applications, edited by Bernt P. Stigum and Fred Wenst~p). The theory of choice under uncertainty involves a vast range of controversial issues in many fields like economics, philosophy, psychology, mathematics and statistics. The idea of discussing these problems in international conferences has been successful: two conferences have been held and others will follow. The climate of the debate has changed in the meantime, partly as a result of these conferences. It is no more only a question of attacking or defending the neo-Bernoullian assumptions, but also of proposing wider generalizations and including new elements in the analysis of the decision process. For instance Amartya Sen - comparing the two current notions of rationality, internal consistency and self-interest pursuit introduces the concept of reasoning and considers the irrationality which may result from the failure of a positive correspondence between reasoning and choice or from a limited capacity of reasoning. Rationality is also considered with respect to the controversial axiom of strong independence. John C. Harsanyi introduces the concept of practical certainty, i. e.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401729666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Background and the central problem -- 1. Human knowledge and the knowable world -- 2. Freedom: The chief condition of morality -- 3. Types of moral theories -- 4. Ends and principles: Inconsistencies? -- II: Ends and the good will -- 1. Conditioned goods and the unconditioned good -- 2. Prima facie goods and the absolute good -- 3. The uniqueness of a good will -- 4. The irrelvance of ends -- 5. A note on respect for the moral law -- III: Maxims -- 1. Three kinds of maxims: Incentival, actional, and dispositional -- 2. Alternative accounts of Kantian Maxims -- 3. Preliminary elucidation of actional maxims -- 4. What maxims (and the adoption of maxims) are not -- 5. On formulating maxims -- IV: Universality and the categorical imperative -- 1. The general nature of imperatives -- 2. The principle of universality of nature -- 3. Suicide and lying promises -- 4. Neglect of talents and refusal to help others -- V: Ends and moral obligation -- 1. The problem of objecitve ends -- 2. Man as the objective end-in-itself -- 3. The alleged inconsistency -- 4. End which are duties -- 5. The highest good -- VI: The principle of humanity -- 1. Initial remarks -- 2. Treatment of others as means -- 3. Humanity in others as a positive end in itself: The duty of love for others -- 4. Respect for humanity in one’s own person: Duties to oneself -- VII: Autonomy of the Will -- 1. The principle of autonomy of the will as a moral criterion -- 2. Autonomy and the possibility of morals -- 3. The kingdom of ends -- 4. Responsibility for wrong acts and accountability for moral evil -- VIII: Duties, rights, and ends in the political order -- 1. The alleged right to revolt -- 2. Kant’s paradoxical stand on revolution -- 3. The alleged right to lie from benevolence -- 4. The end of nature in human history -- IX: Happiness and law-morality -- 1. Morality and happiness -- 2. Law-morality and atheism -- 3. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) stands among the greatest thinkers of the Western world. There is hardly an area of thought, at least of philosophical thought, to which he did not make significant and lasting contributions. Particularly noteworthy are his writings on the foundations and limits of human knowledge, the bidimensional nature of perceptual or "natural" objects (including human beings), the basic principles and ends of morality, the character of a just society and of a world at peace, the movement and direction of human history, the nature of beauty, the end or purpose of all creation, the proper education of young people, the true conception of religion, and on and on. Though Kant was a life-long resident of Konigsberg, Prussia - child, student, tutor, and then professor of philosophy (and other subjects) - his thought ranged over nearly all the world and even beyond. Reports reveal that he (a bachelor) was an amiable man, highly respected by his students and colleagues, and even loved by his several close friends. He was apparently a man of integrity, both in his personal relations and in his pursuit of knowledge and truth. Despite his somewhat pessimistic attitude toward the moral progress of mankind - judging from past history and contemporary events - he never wavered from a deep-seated faith in the goodness of the human heart, in man's "splendid disposition toward the good.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789400946743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 183
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Introduction: Chaim Perelman’s Address at the Ohio State University -- I: Argument -- The Changing Strategies of Argumentation from Ancient to Modern Times -- Implications of Perelman’s Theory of Argumentation for Theory of Persuasion -- Arguing: The Art of Being Human -- An Axiological Analysis of Chaim Perelman’s Theory of Practical Reasoning -- Judging the Quality of Audiences and Narrative Rationality -- Mecum meditari: Demolishing Doubt, Building a Prayer -- Problematology and Rhetoric -- II: Justice -- Justice and Justification in the New Rhetoric -- The Rational and the Reasonable: Dialectic or Parallel Systems? -- Pragmatic Justification and Perelman’s Philosophical Rhetoric -- The Evolution of Judicial Justification: Perelman’s Concept of the Rational and the Reasonable -- Perelman and the Philosophy of Law -- III: Social Application -- Reason and Rhetorical Practice: The Inventional Agenda of Chaim Perelman -- The Universal Audience Revisited -- The Contemporary Emergence of the Jurisprudential Model: Perelman in the Information Age -- Perelman on Justice and Political Institutions -- Social Ontology and Responsive Law -- The Teflon President: The Relevance of Chaim Perelman’s Formulations for the Study of Political Communication -- The Concrete-Universal: A Social Science Foundation for the New Rhetoric -- About the Contributors -- About the Editors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This anthology of original essays has been nearly .two and one-half years in the making, and reflects the generous effort of many persons. To begin with, we thank the contributors to the volume, who not only cooperated with regards to their own works, but who also provided valuable advice concerning the over-all volume. One of the contributors was outstanding in his assistance and warrants special mention: we thank Professor Michel Meyer, for his encouragement, counsel, and dedication to see this project to comple­ tion. We would also like to thank Professor Jaakko Hintikka for his encouragement and Mrs. Kuipers of Reidel for her patience and under­ standing along the way. A project such as this could never have been completed without the unique assistance of members of the Department of Communication, Ohio State University: Ms. Kimberly Pasi and Mr. Charles Mawhirtcr. Also, special thanks are due to our graduate research assistant Ms. Susan Jasko, for her proofreading and bibliographic work. The pressures of developing a Festschrift are considerable and could not have been met without the cooperation and enthusiasm of Mrs. Perelman, especially in allowing us to publish Professor Perelman's address to Ohio State University as our introduction.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 91
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 91
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Spinoza and Seventeenth Century Science -- Spinoza in the Century of Science -- Spinoza and Cartesian Mechanics (translated by Debra Nails and Pascal Gallez) -- Spinoza and the Rise of Modern Science in the Netherlands -- II. Spinoza: Scientist -- Spinoza: Scientist and Theorist of Scientific Method -- Spinoza and Euclidean Arithmetic: The Example of the Fourth Proportional (translated by David Lachterman) -- III. Spinoza and the Human Sciences: Politics and Hermeneutics -- Towards a Canonic Version of Classical Political Theory -- Some New Light on the Roots of Spinoza’s Science of Bible Study -- IV. Scientific-Metaphysical Reflections -- Self-Knowledge as Self-Preservation? -- Spinoza’s Version of the Eternity of -- V. Spinoza and Twentieth Century Science -- Parallelism and Complementarity: The Psycho-Physical Problem in Spinoza and in the Succession of Niels Bohr -- Res Extensa and the Space-Time Continuum -- Einstein and Spinoza (translated by Michel Paty and Robert S. Cohen) -- VI. Bibliography -- Annotated Bibliography of Spinoza and the the Mind Sciences -- Index Locorum -- General Index.
    Abstract: Prefatory Explanation It must be remarked at once that I am 'editor' of this volume only in that I had the honor of presiding at the symposium on Spinoza and the Sciences at which a number of these papers were presented (exceptions are those by Hans Jonas, Richard Popkin, Joe VanZandt and our four European contributors), in that I have given some editorial advice on details of some of the papers, including translations, and finally, in that my name appears on the cover. The choice of speakers, and of addi­ tional contributors, is entirely due to Robert Cohen and Debra Nails; and nearly all the burden of readying the manuscript for the press has been borne by the latter. In the introduction to another anthology on Spinoza I opened my remarks by quoting a statement of Sir Stuart Hampshire about inter­ pretations of Spinoza's chief work: All these masks have been fitted on him and each of them does to some extent fit. But they remain masks, not the living face. They do not show the moving tensions and unresolved conflicts in Spinoza's Ethics. (Hampshire, 1973, p. 297) The double theme of 'moving tensions' and 'unresolved conflicts' seems even more appropriate to the present volume. What is Spinoza's rela­ tion to the sciences? The answers are many, and they criss-cross one another in a number of complicated ways.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 43
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I -- Analytical Action Theory: Breakthroughs and Deadlocks -- One Action — Two Theories? Comments on I. Thalberg -- The Contradictory Aims of Action Theory. Comments on I. Thalberg -- II -- The Concept of ‘Action’ in Sociological Analysis -- Comments on Jonathan H. Turner, ‘The Concept of “Action” in Sociological Analysis’ -- Action, and Social Action. Comments on J. H. Turner -- III -- Social Action -- Analytical Action Theory as a Conceptual Basis of Social Science. Comments on Raimo Tuomela’s Paper ‘Social Action’ -- We-Intentions and Process-Oriented Problems of Social Action. Comments on Raimo Tuomela’s Paper ‘Social Action’ -- Reply to Seebaß and Miller -- IV -- Remarks on the Concept of Communicative Action -- Habermas on Communicative Action -- Understanding as an Aim and Aims of Understanding. Comments on Jürgen Habermas -- Critique of Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action -- V -- Max Weber’s Distinction Between Means-End Rationality and Value-Rationality — Rationale, Scope, Difficulties -- Value-Rationality and the Distinction Between Goal-Oriented and Value-Oriented Behavior in Weber -- Value-Rationality in Weber. Comments on Johannes Weiß: ‘Max Weber’s Distinction Between Means-End Rationality and Value-Rationality — Rationale, Scope, Difficulties’ -- VI -- Rationality and Valuation -- Epistemology and the Rationality of Beliefs and Valuations. Comments on Audi -- Rationality in the Light of the Epistemological Analogy. Comments on Robert Audi’s ‘Rationality and Valuation’ -- Reply to Döbert and Vossenkuhl -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The papers contained in this volume are based on the contributions to an international, interdisciplinary Symposium entitled 'Analytical and Sociologi­ cal Action Theories' which took place in Berlin (West) on September 1-3, 1982. Each part comprises a main paper followed by two (in Part IV three) papers commenting on it. On the whole there is an equal division into philo­ sophical and sociological papers. In particular each main paper receives both inter- and innerdisciplinary comments. The Berlin Symposium was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Bonn) and, to a smaller extent, by the Freie UniversiHit Berlin; both grants are acknowledged gratefully. Berlin and Helsinki, May 1984 GOTTFRIED SEEBASS RAIMO TUOMELA vii GOTTFRIED SEEBASS INTRODUCTION I. It is a striking fact that the extended efforts of both sociologists and analytical philosophers to work out what is termed a 'theory of action' have taken little, if any, account of each other. Yet of the various reasons for this that come to mind none appears to be such as to foil any hopes for fruitful interdisciplinary exchange. Being concerned, apparently, with the same set of phenomena, viz. individual and social actions, the two theories can reasonably be expected to be partially overlapping as well as competitive and complementary. Accordingly each can eventually be shown by the other to need completion or revision. Whether or to what extent this is the case is subject to inquiry and discussion.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (544p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 93
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 93
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Problems and Theories in the Social Sciences -- I.1. Objectivism Versus Relativism -- 1 / The Notion of a Social Science -- 2 / Social Perception and Social Change -- 3 / Realism and the Supposed Poverty of Sociological Theories -- 4 / Rationality and Relativism -- 5 / Popper on the Difference between the Natural and the Social Sciences -- I.2. Philosophy of Anthropology -- 6 / The Emergence of Social Anthropology from Philosophy -- 7 / On Theories of Fieldwork and the Scientific Character of Social Anthropology -- 8 / Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology -- 9 / On the Objectivity of Anthropology -- 10 / The Problem of Ethical Integrity in Participant Observation -- 11 / Anthropology as Science and the Anthropology of Science and of Anthropology -- 12 / Epistle to the Anthropologists -- 13 / On the Limits of Symbolic Interpretation in Anthropology -- 14 / The Problem of the Ethnographic Real -- 15 / Anthropologists and the Irrational -- 16 / Freeman on Mead -- II: Applications and Implications -- II.1 Society and the Arts -- 17 / The Objectivity of Criticism of the Arts -- 18 / The Rationality of Creativity -- II.2. Society and Technology -- 19 / Technology and the Structure of Knowledge -- 20 / The Social Character of Technological Problems -- 21 / Is Technology Unnatural? -- 22 / Utopia and the Architect -- II.3. Society and social control -- 23 / Nationalism and the Social Sciences -- 24 / Explorations in the Social Career of Movies: Business and Religion -- 25 / Methodological and Conceptual Problems in the Study of Pornography and Violence -- Sources -- List of Publications -- Indexes.
    Abstract: I. C. Jarvie was trained as a social anthropologist in the center of British social anthropology - the London School of Economics, where Bronislaw Malinowski was the object of ancestor worship. Jarvie's doctorate was in philosophy, however, under the guidance of Karl Popper and John Watkins. He changed his department not as a defector but as a rebel, attempting to exorcize the ancestral spirit. He criticized the method of participant obser­ vation not as useless but as not comprehensive: it is neither necessary nor sufficient for the making of certain contributions to anthropology; rather, it all depends on the problem-situation. And so Jarvie remained an anthro­ pologist at heart, who, in addition to some studies in rather conventional anthropological or sociological molds, also studied the tribe of social scien­ tists, but also critically examining their problems - especially their overall, rather philosophical problems, but not always so: a few of the studies in­ cluded in this volume exemplify his work on specific issues, whether of technology, or architecture, or nationalism in the academy, or moviemaking, or even movies exhibiting excessive sex and violence. These studies attract his attention both on account of their own merit and on account of their need for new and powerful research tools, such as those which he has forged in his own intellectual workshop over the last two decades.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789400952058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosphy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 38
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences Methodology ; Social sciences ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Major Problems of the USSR Economy at the Modern Stage -- 1. Fundamentals of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 2. Modern State of the Economy of the USSR -- 3. Urgent Problems of Management of the USSR Economy -- 4. A Brief History -- II. Problems of Optimum of the National Economy of the USSR -- 5. Some Problems of the Theory of Optimal Functioning of the Socialist Economy -- 6. Various Notions of the National Economic Criterion of Optimality of the Socialist Economy -- 7. The Local Criterion of Optimality -- III. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensiv Planning and Management of the Socialist Economy -- 8. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensive Planning the Socialist Economy -- 9. Methodological Problems of National Economic Prediction -- 10. Problems of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 11. Fundamentals of the System of Models of Medium-Term National Economic Planning -- 12. Multistep Approach to Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 13. Balance Intersectoral Models -- IV. Models of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 14. The Sectoral Mathematical Models of Forward Optimal Planning -- 15. The Model of the Transport Complex -- 16. The Mathematical Model of the Upper Level of the National Economy -- 17. Models of Economic Regions -- 18. A Set of Models for Predicting the Social and Economic Results from Realization of the Optimal Plan -- 19. The Procedure of Elaboration of the Optimal Socially Balanced Plan of Developing the National Economy -- V. A Set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 20. A set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 21. A Dynamic Single-Sector Model with Structural Non-equilibrium -- VI. The Multistep System of Models for Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 22. The Multistep Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy with the Local Criterion of a General Form -- 23. Analysis of the Multistep Optimization with Some Concrete Forms of the Local Criterion -- 24. Analysis of the Intersectoral Model in the Multistep System of Planning the Development of the National Economy -- VII. Some National Economic Models of Planning and Management -- 25. Some Models of Territorial Production Planning -- 26. Some Models of Planned Price Formation -- VIII. The Automated System of Plan Calculations (ASPC) of the State Planning Committee of the USSR -- 27. The Functional Structure of the Automated System of Plan Calculations -- 28. Features of Functioning of the ASPC of the State Planning Committee of the USSR in Various Regimes -- 29. Planning the “Capital Construction” Block in the National Economic Plan of the USSR -- 30. Planning in the “Logistics Support” Block -- 31. Planning in the “Prime Cost and Profit” Block -- 32. Planning in the “Labor and Personnel” Block of Sectoral Subsystems and Complexes -- 33. Project Decisions for a Complex of Software Subsystems of the ASPC of the USSR State Planning Committee -- IX. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Rapid methodological progress is now taking place in the USSR in the solution of the problems of developing both society and economy. A considerable proportion of the total methodological problems of the USSR economy are dealt with in the present monograph. This work is intended for economists, managers and specialists in methodology, sociology and applied mathematics, and it may also be useful to researchers into operations as well as to politicians, philosophers and wide circles of readers interested in the present and future problems of the USSR economy. Readers will find here, I hope, answers to many questions. At the same time this work can be used as a manual for students and post-graduate students investigating countries with centrally planned economies. For his monograph the author has used the material originally developed for a special course of lectures called "Macromodels of Planning". Some sections of the book correspond to the subjects of courses on "Mathematical Programming" and "Operations Research" as well as to the subjects of special courses on "Methods of Vector Optimization", "Stochastic Programming", "Parametric Programming" and "Decomposition Methods of Programming", read by the author from 1971 to 1976 to the graduates and post­ graduates of the department of applied mathematics and management processes at Leningrad University.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400952515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 7
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 7
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Culture-Bound or Construct-Bound? The Syndromes and DSM-III -- Sorting the Culture-Bound Syndromes -- I: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which some Evidence Supports the Hypothesis of a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor -- A. The Startle Matching Taxon -- The Resolution of the Latah Paradox -- Paradox Lost: The Latah Problem Revisited -- Latah II — Problems with a Purely Symbolic Interpretation: A Reply to Michael G. Kenny -- Shamans and Imu: Among Two Ainu Groups — Toward a Cross-Cultural Model of Interpretation -- Commentary -- B. The Sleep Paralysis Taxon -- Uqamairineq and Uqumanigianiq: Eskimo Sleep Paralysis -- The Old Hag Phenomenon as Sleep Paralysis: A Biocultural Interpretation -- Commentary -- II: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor is only Suspected -- A. The Genital Retraction Taxon -- Koro — A Cultural Disease -- Koro in a Nigerian Male Patient: A Case Report -- The Koro Pattern of Depersonalization in an American Schizophrenic Patient -- Indigenous Koro, A Genital Retraction Syndrome of Insular Southeast Asia: A Critical Review -- Commentary -- B. The Sudden Mass Assault Taxon -- Ethno-Behaviorism and the Culture-Bound Syndromes: The Case of Amok -- Sudden Mass Assault with Grenade: An Epidemic Amok Form from Laos -- The Amok Syndrome in Papua and New Guinea -- Amok -- Commentary -- C. The Running Taxon -- Pibloktoq (Hysteria) Among the Polar Eskimo: An Ethnopsychiatric Study -- Grisi Siknis in Miskito Culture -- The Transformation of Arctic Hysteria -- Commentary -- III: Folk Illnesses Usually Listed as Culture-Bound Psychiatric Syndromes which should Probably No Longer be so Considered -- A. The Fright Illness Taxon -- The Folk Illness Called Susto -- Saladera — A Culture-Bound Misfortune Syndrome in the Peruvian Amazon -- Lanti, Illness by Fright Among Bisayan Filipinos -- Mogo Laya, A New Guinea Fright Illness -- Commentary -- B. The Cannibal Compulsion Taxon -- Windigo Psychosis: The Anatomy of an Emic-Etic Confusion -- Commentaries and Replies -- Commentary -- Append -- Glossary of ‘Culture-Bound’ or Folk Psychiatric Syndromes -- Charles C. Hughes -- List of Contributors -- to the Index.
    Abstract: In the last few years there has been a great revival of interest in culture-bound psychiatric syndromes. A spate of new papers has been published on well known and less familiar syndromes, and there have been a number of attempts to put some order into the field of inquiry. In a review of the literature on culture-bound syndromes up to 1969 Yap made certain suggestions for organizing thinking about them which for the most part have not received general acceptance (see Carr, this volume, p. 199). Through the seventies new descriptive and conceptual work was scarce, but in the last few years books and papers discussing the field were authored or edited by Tseng and McDermott (1981), AI-Issa (1982), Friedman and Faguet (1982) and Murphy (1982). In 1983 Favazza summarized his understanding of the state of current thinking for the fourth edition of the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, and a symposium on culture-bound syndromes was organized by Kenny for the Eighth International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology. The strong­ est impression to emerge from all this recent work is that there is no substantive consensus, and that the very concept, "culture-bound syndrome" could well use some serious reconsideration. As the role of culture-specific beliefs and prac­ tices in all affliction has come to be increasingly recognized it has become less and less clear what sets the culture-bound syndromes apart.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Philosophy and Transcendental Thinking -- 2: The Manifest Image and the Scientific Image -- I Conceptualizing the World -- II The Stereoscopic View of the World -- 3: The Myth of the Given World, Knowledge, and Language -- I The Myth and its Constituents -- II What is Wrong with the Myth? -- 4: Scientific Realism — Science’s Own Philosophy -- I Kant and Scientific Realism -- II General Arguments for Scientific Realism -- Appendix on Quantum Mechanics, Bell’s Inequalities, and Scientific Realism -- 5: Methodological Arguments for Scientific Realism -- I The Theoretician’s Dilemma and Scientific Realism -- II Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- III Quantificational Depth and the Methodological Usefulness of Theoretical Concepts -- IV A Scientific Realist’s View of the Role of Theoretical Concepts -- 6: Internal Realism -- I Metaphysical and Internal Realism -- II Causal Internal Realism -- III Picturing -- 7: Science as the Measure of What There is -- I On the Various Kinds of Scientific Realism -- II Ontology and the Scope of the scientia mensura-thesis -- 8: Social Action and Systems Theory -- I The Conceptual Nature of Social Action -- II We-intentions and Social Action -- III Joint Action and Systems Theory -- 9: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge -- I Truth and Explanation in the Context of Scientific Growth -- II A Pragmatic Account of Scientific Explanation -- III What is Best Explanation? -- IV Inductive Logic, Epistemic Truth, and Best Explanation -- V Scientific Realism and the Growth of Science -- 10: Science, Prescience, and Pseudoscience -- I The Method of Science -- II Science and Prescience -- III Magic and Religion -- IV Pseudoscience -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Were one to characterize the aims of this book ambitiously, it could be said to sketch the philosophical foundations or underpinnings of the scientific world view or, better, of the scientific conception of the world. In any case, it develops a comprehensive philosophical view, one which takes science seri­ ously as the best method for getting to know the ontological aspects of the world. This view is a kind of scientific realism - causal internal realism, as it is dubbed in the book. This brand of realism is "tough" in matters of ontology but "soft" in matters of semantics and epistemology. An ancestor of the book was published in Finnish under the title Tiede, toiminta ja todellisuus (Gaudeamus, 1983). That book is a shortish undergraduate-level monograph. However, as some research-level chapters have been added, the present book is perhaps best regarded as suited for more advanced readers. I completed the book while my stay at the University of Wisconsin in Madison as a Visiting Professor under the Exchange Program between the Universities of Wisconsin and Helsinki. I gratefully acknowledge this support. I also wish to thank Juhani Saalo and Martti Kuokkanen for comments on the manuscript and for editorial help. Dr Matti Sintonen translated the Finnish ancestor of this book into English, to be used as a partial basis for this work. His translation was supported by a grant from Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden edistamisvarat. Finally, and as usual, I wish to thank Mrs.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400953826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Behavior Settings as a Basis for Social System Accounts -- 2. The Usefulness of Behavior Settings for Classifying and Describing Human Activities in a Community -- 3. Behavior Settings and Objective Social Indicators -- 4. The Classification of Behavior Settings in Social System Accounts -- 5. The Classification of Roles in Social System Accounts -- 6. The Classification of Stocks of Physical Capital and Consumer Durables in Social System Accounts -- 7. The Classification and Delineation of Communities and Regions in Social System Accounts -- 8. A Behavior Setting Approach to Microanalytical Simulation Models at the Community Level -- 9. Some Broader Implications of Behavior Settings for the Social Sciences -- 10. Social System Accounts Based on Behavior Settings: Some Next Steps -- References -- Appendix I. Behavior Settings, Ecological Psychology, and Eco-Behavioral Science: Some Annotated References to the Basic Literature -- Appendix II. Selected Publications and Unpublished Manuscripts by Karl A. Fox and Associates Making Use of Behavior Setting Concepts -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book results from a research program on which I have spent most of my time since 1974. It addresses two of the major problems facing social system account ing: how to measure and account for nonmarket activities and how to combine social and economic indicators. The solution I propose is accounts based on behavior settings, a concept originated by Roger G. Barker more than thirty years ago. Behavior settings are the natural units of social activity into which people sort themselves to get on with the busi­ ness of daily life--grocery stores, school classes, reI i­ gious services, meetings, athletic events, and so on. The descriptive power of behavior settings has been established in surveys of complete communities in the United States and England, of high schools ranging in size from fewer than 100 to more than 2000 students, of rehabilitation centers in hospitals, and of several other types of organizations. Behavior settings are empirical facts of everyday life. A description of a community or an organization in terms of behavior settings corresponds to common experi­ ence. In many cases, small establishments are behavior settings; the paid roles in behavior settingsare occupa­ tions; and the buildings and equipment of establishments are the buildings and equipment of behavior settings.
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