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  • 2005-2009  (28)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (32)
  • München : Därr Expeditionsservice
  • Science Philosophy  (32)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    French Studies In The Philosophy Of Science : Contemporary Research in France (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402093685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science 276
    DDC: 501
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Frankreich ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie
    Abstract: Having examined previous volumes of the Boston Studies series devoted to different countries, and having discussed the best way to present contemporary research in France, we have arrived at a careful selection of 15 participants, including the organizers. Our aim is to bring together philosophers and practicing scientist from the major institutions of the country, both universities and research centers. The areas of research represented here cover a wide spectrum of sciences, from mathematics and physics to the life sciences, as well as linguistics and economics. This selection is a showcase of French philosophy of science, illustrating the different methods employed: logico-linguistic analysis, rational reconstruction and historical inquiry. These participants have the ability to relate their research both to the French tradition and current discussions on the international scene. Also included is a substantial historical introduction, explaining the development of philosophy of science in France, the various schools of thought and methods as well as the major concepts and their significance.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Legend of Philosophy's Striptease (Trends in Philosophy of Science); French Philosophy of Technology; A Problem in General Philosophy of Science: The Rational Criteria of Choice; Science and Realism: The Legacy of Duhem and Meyerson in Contemporary American Philosophy of Science; Philosophy and 20th Century Physics; Foundations of Physics: The Empirical Blindness; Philosophy of Chemistry; Pharmacology as a Physical Object; Philosophy of Biology: An Historico-Critical Characterization; Philosophy and Contemporary Biological Research; What is a Mental Function?
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of Cognitive ScienceDuhemian Themes in Expected Utility Theory
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9368-5
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Theory of Epistemic Justification (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402095672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 112
    DDC: 120
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy
    Note: In: Springer-Online
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping the Future of Biology : Evolving Concepts and Theories (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402096365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 266
    DDC: 570.1
    Keywords: Biology Philosophy ; Developmental biology ; Evolution (Biology) ; Life sciences ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: In: Springer-Online
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Constituting Objectivity : Transcendental Perspectives on Modern Physics (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402095108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series In Philosophy of Science 74
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.: Constituting objectivity
    DDC: 517.38
    RVK:
    CC 3500
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Physics History ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Physik ; Objektivität ; Transzendentalphilosophie
    Note: In: Springer-Online
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking Popper (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402093388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in The Philosophy of Science 272
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.: Rethinking Popper
    RVK:
    CI 3977
    Keywords: Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994
    Note: In: Springer-Online
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Causation, Coherence, and Concepts : A Collection of Essays (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402054747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 386 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 256
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Spohn, Wolfgang, 1950 - Causation, coherence and concepts
    RVK:
    CI 1200
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Theoretische Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Sprachphilosophie
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5474-7
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy : Kazimierz Twardowski’s Philosophical Legacy (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048124015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy
    RVK:
    CI 7350
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift ; Warschauer Schule
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2401-5
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Models of Discovery and Creativity (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048134212 , 9789048134205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 249p, digital)
    Series Statement: Origins: Studies in the Sources of Scientific Creativity 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Since the origin of the modern sciences, our views on discovery and creativity had a remarkable history. Originally, discovery was seen as an integral part of methodology and the logic of discovery as algorithmic or nearly algorithmic. During the nineteenth century, conceptions in line with romanticism led to the famous opposition between the context of discovery and the context of justification, culminating in a view that banned discovery from methodology. The revival of the methodological investigation of discovery, which started some thirty years ago, derived its major impetus from historical and sociological studies of the sciences and from developments within cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Today, a large majority of philosophers of science agrees that the classical conception as well as the romantic conception are mistaken. Against the classical conception, it is generally accepted that truly novel discoveries are not the result of simply applying some standardized procedure. Against the romantic conception, it is rejected that discoveries are produced by unstructured flashes of insight. An especially important result of the contemporary study concerns the availability of (descriptive and normative) models for explaining discoveries and creative processes. Descriptive models mainly aim at explaining the origin of novel products, normative models moreover address the question how rational researchers should proceed when confronted with problems for which a standard procedure is missing. The present book provides an overview of these models and of the important changes they induced within methodology. As appears from several papers, the methodological study of discovery and creativity led to profound changes in our conceptions of justification and acceptance, of rationality, of scientific change, and of conceptual change. The book contains contributions from both historians and philosophers of science. All of them, however, are methodological in the contemporary sense of the term. The central values of this methodology are empirical accurateness, clarity and precision, and rationality. The different contributions realize these values by their interdisciplinary nature. Some philosophically oriented papers rely on historical case studies and results from the cognitive sciences, others on recent results from the computer sciences and/or non-standard logics. The historically oriented papers address central philosophical questions and hypotheses.
    Description / Table of Contents: Models of Discoveryand Creativity; Contents; Foreword; Preface; UNEXPECTED DISCOVERIES,GRADED STRUCTURES,AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEENACCEPTANCE AND NEGLECT; CONCEPTUAL COMPARISON ANDCONCEPTUAL INNOVATION; DISCOVERING MECHANISMS INMOLECULAR BIOLOGY; ON THE ROLE OF THOUGHT-EXPERIMENTS INMATHEMATICAL DISCOVERY; EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS,INVESTIGATIVE PATHWAYS,AND THE NATURE OF DISCOVERY; ABDUCTION AS A HEURISTIC CONSTRAINT; CREATIVE ABDUCTION ANDHYPOTHESIS WITHDRAWAL; CONCEPTUAL CHANGE:CREATIVITY, COGNITION, AND CULTURE; THESTRANGESTORYOFSCIENTIFICMETHOD
    Description / Table of Contents: TRADITION AND INNOVATION:EXPLORING AND TRANSFORMINGCONCEPTUAL STRUCTURESA PURPOSEFUL ALLIANCE IN THE SERVICE OFCREATIVE RESEARCH; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3421-2
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leonardo¿s Choice : Genetic Technologies and Animals (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048124794 , 9789048124787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 256p, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic engineering ; Ethics ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Genetic engineering ; Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: "Leonardo s Choice: Genetic Technologies and Animals is an edited collection of twelve essays and one dialogue focusing on the profound affect the use of animals in biotechnology is having on both humans and other species. Communicating crucial understandings of the integrated nature of the human and non-human world, these essays, unlike the majority of discussions of biotechnology, take seriously the impact of these technologies on animals themselves. This collection s central questions revolve around the disassociation Western ideas of creative freedom have from the impacts those ideas and practices have on the non-human world. This transdisciplinary collection includes perspectives from the disciplines of philosophy, cultural theory, art and literary theory, history and theory of science, environmental studies, law, landscape architecture, history, and geography. Included authors span three continents and four countries. Included essays contribute significantly to a growing scholarship surrounding ""the question of the animal"" emanating from philosophical, cultural and activist discourses. Its authors are at the forefront of the growing number of theorists and practioners across the disciplines concerned with the impact of new technologies on the more-than-human world. Both a wide-ranging discussion of animals and biotechnology in science and culture, and a bracing call to action regarding animal exploitation, Leonardo s Choice intervenes thoughtfully, yet forcefully, in one of the most pressing issues of our time. Cary Wolfe, Author of Animal Rites (Chicago, 2003) when artists are entering the lab, and scientists are collaborating in bio-art, this book satisfies the need to interrogate the meanings of such boundary challenges - around both the dangers of capture and complicity, and the promises of critical scientific endeavour. Dr. Richard Twine, ESRC Centre for Economic and Social Aspects of Genomics, Lancaster University, UK. "
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Part I; Genetic Science, Animal Exploitation, and the Challengefor Democracy; Darwins Progeny: Eugenics, Genetics and Animal Rights; Intimate Strife: The Unbearable Intimacy of Human--AnimalRelations; Part II; Leonardos Choice: The Ethics of Artists Working with Genetic Technologies; We Have Always Been Transgenic: A Dialogue; Negotiating the Hybrid: Art, Theory and Genetic Technologies; Meddling with Medusa: On Genetic Manipulation, Art and Animals; Transgenic Bioart, Animals, and the Law; Part III
    Description / Table of Contents: Dis/Integrating Animals: Ethical Dimensions of the Genetic Engineering of Animals for Human ConsumptionThe Call of the Other 0.1: Genetic Aesthetics and the New Moreaus; Landseers Ethics: The Campaign to End Cosmetic Surgery on Dogs in Australasia; Adoration of the Mystic Lamb; Ending Extinction: The Quagga, the Thylacine,and the ``Smart Human''
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2479-4
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Localizing the Moral Sense : Neuroscience and the Search for the Cerebral Seat of Morality (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences ; Science History ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Due to the current revolution in brain research the search for the 'moral brain' became a serious endeavour. Nowadays, neural circuits that are indispensable for moral and social behaviour are discovered and the brains of psychopaths and criminals - the classical anti-heroes of morality - are scanned with curiosity, even enthusiasm. How revolutionary this current research might be, the quest for a localisable ethical centre or moral organ is far from new. The moral brain was a recurrent theme in the works of neuroscientists during the 19th and 20th century. From the phrenology era to the encephalitis pandemic in the 1920s a wide range of European and American scientists (neurologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists and criminologists) speculated about and discussed the location of a moral sense in the human cortex. Encouraged by medical discoveries and concerned by terrifying phenomena like crime or 'moral insanity' (psychopathy) even renowned and outstanding neurologists, including Moritz Benedikt, Paul Flechsig, Arthur Van Gehuchten, Oskar Vogt or Constantin von Monakow, had the nerve to make their speculations public. This book presents the first overview of believers and disbelievers in a cerebral seat of human morality, their positions and arguments and offers an explanation for these historical attempts to localise our moral sense, in spite of the massive disapproving commentary launched by colleagues.
    Note: Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6322-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The scientist's atom and the philosopher's : how science succeeded and philosophy failed to gain knowledge of atoms (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048123629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Boston studies in the philosophy of science 279
    Series Statement: Boston studies in the philosophy of science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Chalmers, Alan The scientist's atom and the philosopher's stone
    DDC: 541.22
    RVK:
    CC 3000
    Keywords: Metaphysics ; Philosophy (General) ; Physics History ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Atomistik ; Naturwissenschaften ; Naturphilosophie ; Geschichte
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2362-9
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Social and Economic Roots of the Scientific Revolution : Texts by Boris Hessen and Henryk Grossmann (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402096044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 278
    DDC: 001
    Keywords: Physics History ; Science (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy
    Abstract: Peter McLaughlin
    Abstract: Collects classics of Marxist historiography of science, including a translation of Boris Hessen's "The Social and Economic Roots of Newton's Principia" (1931), Henryk Grossmann's "The Social Foundation of Mechanistic Philosophy and Manufacture" (1935) and Descartes' "New Ideal of Science&quot
    Description / Table of Contents: Classical Marxist Historiography of Science: The Hessen-Grossmann-Thesis; The Social and Economic Roots of Newton's Principia; The Social Foundations of the Mechanistic Philosophy and Manufacture; Descartes and the Social Origins of the Mechanistic Concept of the World; Additional Texts on Mechanism; Henryk Grossman: A Biographical Sketch; Boris Hessen: In Lieu of a Biography
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9604-4
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Founders of Western Thought - The Presocratics : A diachronic parallelism between Presocratic Thought and Philosophy and the Natural Sciences (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402097911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 257
    Keywords: History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: There are two main contributions in this book: Firstly, to make the founding and evolution of the Western thought accessible to the reflective man of our day, since the spirit of the Presocratics – although it is considered to constitute a true intellectual revolution – remains unknown to the broader community and secondly to shed greater light – probably for the first time – on the scientific dimension of the Presocratics’ work, and show its timeless value. This book is a balanced interdisciplinary philosophic-scientific presentation of the evolution of Western thought through the presocratic tradition, where the synthesis of rationality and intuition – rather than their opposition – is the key to answering all questions of science, as we now understand the them. It is a book that investigates the roots of Western science and philosophy, where probably for the first time a coherent interrelation is shown between Presocratics’ thought and classical, as well as modern physical sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; The Juncture; Introduction to the Presocratics; Thales of Miletus (ca. 625-546 B.C.); Anaximander of Miletus (ca. 610-546 B.C.); Anaximenes of Miletus (ca. 585-525 B.C.); Pythagoras of Samos (ca. 570-496 B.C.); Xenophanes of Colophon (ca. 570-470, B.C.; Heraclitus of Ephesus (ca. 540-480 B.C.); Parmenides of Elea (ca. 515-450 B.C.); Empedocles of Acragas (ca. 494-434 B.C.); Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (ca. 500-428 B.C.); Democritus of Abdera (ca. 460-360 B.C.); Epilogue;
    Note: "Translated from the original Greek version into English by Professor Robert Crist of the University of Athens, Greece , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9791-1
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hermann von Helmholtz's Mechanism: The Loss of Certainty : A Study on the Transition from Classical to Modern Philosophy of Nature (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402056307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Archimedes 17
    RVK:
    AK 18400
    Keywords: Philosophy of nature ; Physics History ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Helmholtz, Hermann von 1821-1894 ; Naturwissenschaften ; Mechanismus ; Rezeption
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5630-7
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Going Amiss In Experimental Research (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402088933
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science 267
    DDC: 500
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General)
    Abstract: " Like any goal-oriented procedure, experiment is subject to many kinds of failures. These failures have a variety of features, depending on the particulars of their sources. For the experimenter these pitfalls should be avoided and their effects minimized. For the historian-philosopher of science and the science educator, on the other hand, they are instructive starting points for reflecting on science in general and scientific method and practice in particular. Often more is learned from failure than from confirmation and successful application. The identification of error, its source, its context, and its treatment shed light on both practices and epistemic claims. This book shows that it is fruitful to bring to light forgotten and lost failures, subject them to analysis and learn from their moral. The study of failures, errors, pitfalls and mistakes helps us understand the way knowledge is pursued and indeed generated. The book presents both historical accounts and philosophical analyses of failures in experimental practice. It covers topics such as ""error as an object of study"", ""learning from error"", ""concepts and dead ends"", ""instrumental artifacts"", and ""surprise and puzzlement"". This book will be of interest to historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science as well as to practicing scientists and science educators. "
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Mapping "Going Amiss"; Error: The Long Neglect, the One-Sided View, and a Typology; Error as Historiographical Challenge: The Infamous Globule Hypothesis; Learning Without Error; Living Extremely Flat: The Life of an Automaton; John von Neumann's Conception of Error of (in)Animate Systems; Experimental Reorientations; Concepts from the Bench: Hans Krebs, Kurt Henseleit and the Urea Cycle; How Experiments Make Concepts Fail: Faraday and Magnetic Curves; A Pioneer Who Never Got It Right: James Dewar and the Elusive Phenomena of Cold
    Description / Table of Contents: Distinguishing Real Results from Instrumental Artifacts: The Case of the Missing RainGoing Right and Making It Wrong: The Reception of Fizeau's Ether-Drift Experiment of 1859; The Spectrum of ß Decay: Continuous or Discrete? A Variety of Errors in Experimental Investigation; The Scent of Filth: Experiments, Waste, and the Set-Up; In the Thick of Organic Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8893-3
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Degrees of Belief (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402091988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 342
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General)
    Abstract: The idea that belief comes in degrees is based on the observation that we are more certain of some things than of others. Various theories try to give accounts of how measures of this confidence do or ought to behave, both as far as the internal mental consistency of the agent as well as his betting, or other, behaviour is concerned. This anthology is the first book to give a balanced overview of these theories. It also explicitly relates these debates to more traditional concerns of the philosophy of language and mind, and epistemic logic, namely how belief simpliciter does or ought to behave. The paradigmatic theory, probabilism (which holds that degrees of belief ought to satisfy the axioms of probability theory) is given most attention, but competing theories, such as Dempster-Shafer theory, possibility theory, and AGM belief revision theory are also considered. Each of these approaches is represented by one of its major proponents. The papers are specifically written to target advanced undergraduate students with a background in formal methods and beginning graduate students, but they will also serve as first point of reference for academics new to the area.
    Description / Table of Contents: Belief and Degrees of Belief; Beliefs, Degrees of Belief, and the Lockean Thesis; The Lockean Thesis and the Logic of Belief; Partial Belief and Flat-Out Belief; Epistemic Probability and Coherent Degrees of Belief; Non-Additive Degrees of Belief; Accepted Beliefs, Revision and Bipolarity in the Possibilistic Framework; A Survey of Ranking Theory; Arguments For-Or Against-Probabilism?; Diachronic Coherence and Radical Probabilism; Accuracy and Coherence: Prospects for an Alethic Epistemology of Partial Belief; Degrees All the Way Down: Beliefs, Non-Beliefs and Disbeliefs
    Description / Table of Contents: Levels of Belief in Nonmonotonic Reasoning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9198-8
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Inhaltstext
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantum Causality : Conceptual Issues in the Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics (2009)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048124039 , 9789048124022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Edition: 1
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Riggs, Peter J. Quantum causality
    RVK:
    UK 1200
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Quantum theory ; Science Philosophy ; Quantenmechanik ; Kausalität ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This is a treatise devoted to the foundations of quantum physics and the role that causality plays in the microscopic world governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. There is no sharp dividing line between physics and philosophy of physics. This is especially true for quantum physics where debate on its interpretation and the status of the various entities postulated has raged in both the scientific and philosophical communities since the 1920s and continues to this day. Although it is readily granted that quantum mechanics produces some strange and counter-intuitive results, it is argued in Quantum Causality that quantum mechanics is not as weird as we might have been led to believe. The dominant theory of quantum mechanics is called Orthodox Quantum Theory (also known as the Copenhagen Interpretation). Orthodox Quantum Theory is a ‘theoretical tool’ for making predictions for the possible results of experiments on quantum systems and requires the intervention of an observer or an observer’s proxy (e.g. a measuring apparatus) in order to produce predictions. Orthodox Quantum Theory does away with the notion of causality and denies the existence of an underlying quantum realm. The Causal Theory is not well known within the physics community and many physicists who do know of it are generally dismissive in their attitudes. This is a historical legacy inherited by the majority of the physics community from the most influential founders of quantum mechanics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. They both denied the independent existence of a quantum level of reality and declared that causality does not apply to quantum events. Quantum Causality shows that the Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics is a viable physical theory that provides realistic explanations for quantum phenomena. Much of what is argued for in this book will be controversial but, at the very least, these arguments will likely engender some lively debate on the various issues raised.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Introduction; Preliminaries; The Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics; Energy and the Wave Field; Energy-Momentum Transfer and the Quantum Potential; The Exclusion Principle
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2403-9
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    Thinking about Life : The History and Philosophy of Biology and Other Sciences (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402088667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 570.1
    Keywords: Science Science_xHistory ; Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Biologie ; Leben ; Philosophie ; Biologie ; Leben ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Denys N. Wheatley
    Abstract: Surveys the nature of science and its emergence in post-Renaissance Europe. This book investigates the similarities and differences between biology and other sciences. It considers topics in the philosophy of biology (for example evolutionary theory, vitalism/mechanism, reductionism/holism, and spontaneous generation)
    Description / Table of Contents: What is Science?; Culture, Technology and Knowledge; Classical Roots; Mediaeval Views of the World; The Scientific Revolution; The 'Scientific Revolution' in Biology; Aristotle's Biology; How Different Are Organisms from Inanimate Objects?; Cell Theory and Experimental Physiology: New Ideas in a Changing Society; Embryos and Entelechy; Spontaneous Generation; The Evolution of Darwinism; The Great Heredity Debate; Evolutionary Theory Attains Maturity; The Problem of Purpose; The Scientific Status of Biology;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8866-7
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    German Idealism and the Problem of Knowledge: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402088001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 8
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Limnatis, Nectarios G. German idealism and the problem of knowledge: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel
    RVK:
    CG 1260
    RVK:
    CC 4000
    RVK:
    CF 5017
    RVK:
    CG 3197
    RVK:
    CG 6637
    RVK:
    CG 4077
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 ; Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 1762-1814 ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 1775-1854 ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831 ; Idealism, German ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Germany ; Deutscher Idealismus ; Erkenntnis ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Erkenntnis ; Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 1762-1814 ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Erkenntnis ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Erkenntnis
    Abstract: The problem of knowledge in German Idealism has drawn increasing attention in recent years. This is the first attempt at a systematic critique that covers all four major figures, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In examining the evolution of the German idealist discussion with respect to a broad array of concepts (epistemology, metaphysics, logic, dialectic, contradiction, totality, and several others), the author draws from a wide variety of sources in several languages, employs lucid and engaging language, and offers a fresh, incisive and challenging critique. Limnatis contrasts Kant’s epistemological assertiveness with his ontological scepticism as a critical issue in the development of the discourse in German Idealism, and argues that Fichte’s phenomenological demarche only amplifies the Kantian impasse, but allows him to launch a path-breaking critique of formal logic, and to press forward the dialectic. Schelling’s later restoration of metaphysics aims exactly at overcoming the Fichtean conflict between epistemological monism and ontological dualism. And it is Hegel who synthesizes the preceding discussion and unambiguously addresses the need for a new philosophical logic, the dialectical logic. Limnatis scrutinizes Hegel’s deduction in the Phenomenology, invokes modern genetic epistemology, and advances a non-metaphysical reading of the Science of Logic as a genetic theory of systematic knowledge and as circular epistemology. Emphasizing the unity between the logical and the historical, the distinction between intellectual (verständlich) and rational (vernünftig) explanation, and the cognitive importance of contradiction, the author argues for the prospect of an evolving totality of reflective reason.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8800-1
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    Rethinking Scientific Change and Theory Comparison : Stabilities, Ruptures, Incommensurabilities? (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402062797
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 255
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Rethinking scientific change and theory comparison
    RVK:
    CC 3200
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Wissenschaftsentwicklung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6279-7
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    The English Galileo : Thomas Harriot’s Work on Motion as an Example of Preclassical Mechanics (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402054990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 268
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Schemmel, Matthias The English Galileo
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Harriot, Thomas 1560-1621 ; Bewegung ; Mechanik ; Geschichte
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5499-0
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    Altering Nature : Volume One: Concepts of ‘Nature’ and ‘The Natural’ in Biotechnology Debates (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402069215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 97
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Altering nature ; Vol. 1: Concepts of "nature" and "the natural" in biotechnology debates
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; medicine Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6921-5
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    Leibniz's Metaphysics of Time and Space (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402082375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 217 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 258
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Futch, Michael J. Leibniz's metaphysics of time and space
    RVK:
    CF 5517
    RVK:
    UB 7500
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Metaphysik ; Raum ; Zeit
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8237-5
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    Altering Nature : Volume Two: Religion, Biotechnology, and Public Policy (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402069239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 98
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Altering nature ; Vol. 2: Religion, biotechnology, and public policy
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; medicine Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Natur ; Biotechnologie ; Religion ; Öffentliche Ordnung
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6923-9
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    Mechanics and Natural Philosophy Before the Scientific Revolution (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402059674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 306 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mechanics and natural philosophy before the scientific revolution
    RVK:
    CE 1060
    RVK:
    CE 5300
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy, medieval ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Physics History ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mechanik ; Geschichte Anfänge-1740 ; Naturphilosophie ; Geschichte Anfänge-1740
    Abstract: This volume deals with a variety of moments in the history of mechanics when conflicts arose within one textual tradition, between different traditions, or between textual traditions and the wider world of practice. Its purpose is to show how the accommodations sometimes made in the course of these conflicts ultimately contributed to the emergence of modern mechanics.
    Abstract: Modern mechanics was forged in the seventeenth century from materials inherited from Antiquity and transformed in the period from the Middle Ages through to the sixteenth century. These materials were transmitted through a number of textual traditions and within several disciplines and practices, including ancient and medieval natural philosophy, statics, the theory and design of machines, and mathematics. This volume deals with a variety of moments in the history of mechanics when conflicts arose within one textual tradition, between different traditions, or between textual traditions and the wider world of practice. Its purpose is to show how the accommodations sometimes made in the course of these conflicts ultimately contributed to the emergence of modern mechanics. The first part of the volume is concerned with ancient mechanics and its transformations in the Middle Ages, the second part with the reappropriation of ancient mechanics and especially with the reception of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Mechanica in the Renaissance, and the third and final part, with early-modern mechanics in specific social, national, and institutional contexts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5967-4
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    Nonbayesian Decision Theory : Beliefs and Desires as Reasons for Action (2008)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402086991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 44
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Economics, Mathematical ; Philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8699-1
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    Rediscovering Phenomenology : Phenomenological Essays on Mathematical Beings, Physical Reality, Perception and Consciousness (2007)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | [Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402058813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 393 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 182
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Rediscovering phenomenology
    RVK:
    CI 3017
    RVK:
    CI 1120
    RVK:
    CB 4150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Neurosciences ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Phenomenology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Phänomenologie ; Exakte Wissenschaften ; Erkenntnis ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Transzendentale Phänomenologie ; Mathematik ; Logik ; Physik ; Wahrnehmung ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: This book proposes a new phenomenological analysis of the questions of perception and cognition which are of paramount importance for a better understanding of those processes which underlies the formation of knowledge and consciousness. It presents many clear arguments showing how a phenomenological perspective helps to deeply interpret most fundamental findings of current research in neurosciences and also in mathematical and physical sciences.
    Abstract: Beyond their remarkable technical accomplishments, the new directions taken by the sciences in recent decades call for renewal of their epistemological basis. The purpose of this book is to show that Husserl s transcendental phenomenology, if properly re-examined, provides the required framework for such an epistemology. This re-examination is both critical and constructive. (i) The absolute subjectivization or the full naturalization of consciousness must be rejected. (ii) The necessarily transcendental character of phenomenology is put to work in the search for a systematic connection between the modes of theoretical objectivation and the apprehension of the phenomenal world by intentional consciousness. A new look at some of the fundamental issues opened up by Husserl is thus suggested by recent advances in the theory of perception, attention, and the will, foundations of mathematics and formal logic, space-time or quantum physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Husserl and the Phenomenology of Attention; Phénoménologie et méréologie de la perception spatiale, de Husserl aux théoriciens de la Gestalt; On the Relationship between Parts and Wholes in Husserl's Phenomenology; Space and Movement. On Husserl's Geometry of the Visual Field; On Naturalizing Free; Perseverance and Adjustment: On Weyl's Phenomenological Philosophy of Nature; Mathematical Concepts and Physical Objects; Understanding Quantum Mechanics with Bohr and Husserl; Husserl between Formalism and Intuitionism
    Description / Table of Contents: The Two-Sidedness and the Rationalistic Ideal of Formal Logic: Husserl and GödelMettre les structures en mouvement: La phénoménologie et la dynamique de l'intuition conceptuelle. Sur la pertinence phénoménologique de la théorie des catégories; Pourquoi les nombres sont-ils «naturels»?; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5881-3
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    Interactions : Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy, 1860–1930 (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402051951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 326 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 251
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Physics History ; Science, general ; Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Physics History ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Mathematik ; Philosophie ; Physik ; Geschichte 1860-1930 ; Mathematik ; Physik ; Wissenschaftsentwicklung ; Geschichte 1860-1930 ; Mathematik ; Physik ; Philosophie
    Abstract: The main theme of this anthology is the unique interaction between mathematics, physics and philosophy during the beginning of the 20th century. Seminal theories of modern physics and new fundamental mathematical structures were discovered or formed in this period. Significant physicists such as Lorentz and Einstein as well as mathematicians such as Poincaré, Minkowski, Hilbert and Weyl contributed to this development. They created the new physical theories and the mathematical disciplines that play such paramount roles in their mathematical formulations. These physicists and mathematicians were also key figures in the philosophical discussions of nature and science from philosophical tendencies like logical empiricism via critical rationalism to various neo-Kantian trends.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Contributing Authors; DAVID HYDER / Kant, Helmholtz and the Determinacy of Physical Theory; JESPER LÜTZEN / A Mechanical Image: Heinrich Hertz's Principles of Mechanics; MICHEL JANSSEN AND MATTHEW MECKLENBURG / From Classical to Relativistic Mechanics: Electromagnetic Models of the Electron; JEREMY GRAY / Enriques: Popularising Science and the Problems of Geometry; ULRICH MAJER / Hilbert's Axiomatic Approach to the Foundations of Science-a Failed Research Program?
    Description / Table of Contents: HELMUT PULTE / The Space between Helmholtz and Einstein: Moritz Schlick on Spatial Intuition and the Foundations of GeometryROBERT DISALLE / Mathematical Structure, "World Structure," and the Philosophical Turning-point in Modern Physics; DAVID E. ROWE / Einstein's Allies and Enemies: Debating Relativity in Germany, 1916-1920; ERHARD SCHOLZ / The Changing Concept of Matter in H. Weyl's Thought, 1918-1930; LAWRENCE SKLAR / Why Does the Standard Measure Work in Statistical Mechanics?; Index
    Note: Contributing authors, David Hyder ... [et al.] , Includes bibliographical references and index , Some contributions include an abstract
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5195-1
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    Philosophy of Economics (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400923195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; Economics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Economics -- Arbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    Abstract: The last decade witnessed an unprecedented annual growth of the literature dealing with the philosophy of economics,as well as the first signs of an institutionalization (conferences, an international journal) of the philosophy of economics as a scientific subject in itself - in particular in the U.S. In 1981 a meeting took place with participants mainly of European "continental" origin. In July 1987, we organized a second conference "Philosophy of Economics II" at Tilburg Uni­ versity, The Netherlands, mainly aiming at the establishment of first contacts between the middle-European group and researchers from the U.S. The present volume contains the papers presented at this conference. Philosophical thought on economics in recent years split up in many different streams, two of which are represented in the larger part of this volume. The first of these streams was formed by a group of researchers mainly from middle-Europe, who make empirical studies of the logical structures of the different theories as they find them presented in economic literature. Two methods prevail here. First, the structuralist method, as exemplified in the writings of Sneed, Stegmiiller and others, of describing the object of a theory as a set of ("partial potential") models. Such models consist of sets and relationships between these sets, which represent the concepts used in the theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of EconomicsArbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2319-5
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    The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction in the Social Sciences (1989)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 112
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Without of course adopting a Platonic metaphysics, the eighteenth-century philosophes were Grecophiles who regarded the Athenian philosophers as their intellectual forbearers and mentors. So powerful was their identification with c1assification that ancient ideas were taken as keys to the design of the modem world, but usually the ideas were taken separately and as divided from their systematic context. The power of number was an idea the En­ lightenment thinkers deployed with their legendary passion and vigor, particularly as an instrument for social reconstruction. It is no exaggemtion to say that the role of quantities in contemporary social scientific theorizing cannot be understood with any depth absent a recollection of the philosophes' axial development of the notion of quantification. It is a commonplace that for the philosophes progress required releasing human abilities to have power over nature. Aprerequisite for this power was knowledge of the underlying causes of natural events, knowledge that required quantitative precision. Enlightenment thinkers were sufficiently aware of themselves as products of their time to appreciate the importance of a liberal social environment to the knowledge enterprise; the supposition that the reverse is also the case, that enhanced knowledge could advance social conditions, came easily.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3444-8
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    Moritz Schlick (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400954427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s Thought -- Problems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    Abstract: The idea for this issue arose during a gathering of scholars to com­ memorate the hundredth anniversary of Moritz Schlick (1882-1936), the philosopher from Germany whose influence gave Austria its most characteristic philosophical voice between the two world wars. He was cut off, tragically, in his prime and while he escaped the exile that awaited most of those who thought like him, he was unable (sadly for philosophy) to continue to steer their thoughts in his own direction and he even lost some of the credit for work already done. Thus it seemed to some of his former pupils and to others more remote from him in the tra­ dition that a small collection of papers throwing light on his especial con­ tribution and on the extent to which it is still active or still needed today was a requirement of justice no less than of piety. Tscha Hung, a mem­ ber of the Vienna Circle and since director of the Institute for Western Philosophy at Peking University, was the chief mover here. Also among the contributors, Ludovico Geymonat (Professor at Milan) was a visitor to the Circle and a friend of Schlick. Henrich Melzer and Joseph Schlichter were Viennese pupils of Schlick's. The former died in the war of 1939-45, the latter is still prominent in the cultural and educational life of Israel.
    Description / Table of Contents: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s ThoughtProblems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5442-7
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    Online Resource
    Science Policy, Ethics, and Economic Methodology : Some Problems of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400964495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Environmental management ; Economic policy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- One: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: If indeed scientists and technologists, especially economists, set much of the agenda by which the future is played out, and I think they do, then the student of scientific methodology and public ethics has at least three options. He can embrace certain scientific methods and the value they hold for social decisionmaking, much as Milton Friedman has accepted neoclassical econom­ ics. Or, he can condemn them, regardless of their value, much as Stuart Hampshire has rejected risk-cost-benefit analysis (RCBA). Finally, he can critically assess these scientific methods and attempt to provide solutions to the problems he has uncovered. As a philosopher of science seeking the middle path between uncritical acceptance and extremist rejection of the economic methods used in policy analysis, I have tried to avoid the charge of being "anti science". Fred Hapgood, in response to my presentation at a recent Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, said that my arguments "felt like" a call for rejection of the methods of risk-cost-benefit analysis. Not so, as Chapter Two of this volume should make eminently clear. All my criticisms are construc­ tive ones, and the flaws in economic methodology which I address are uncovered for the purpose of suggesting means of making good techniques better. Likewise, although I criticize the economic methodology by which many technology assessments (TA's) and environmental-impact analyses (EIA's) have been used to justify public projects, it is wrong to conclude that I am anti-technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionOne: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6449-5
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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