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  • 2010-2014  (487)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (378)
  • Paris : OECD  (109)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
  • Development  (287)
  • Science and Technology  (203)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social protection and climate change (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 16
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Wetter ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Climate change has already resulted in climate-related extreme events of greater frequency and/or intensity. This, along with long-term changes in average conditions (whether in temperature or rainfall), is likely to continue to have a major impact on livelihoods. Developing countries will be especially affected by such events – and more specifically, the poor people in developing countries – because of their geographical exposure and their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture. Social protection offers a wide range of instruments (e.g. cash transfers, insurance products, pension schemes and employment guarantee schemes) that can be used to support households that are particularly vulnerable to both the ongoing and acute impacts of climate changes. Although the evidence base showing how these measures can help those affected prevent and cope with climate challenges is still limited, this paper aims to provide a condensed review of the current knowledge and evidence about the role of social protection in reducing the impact of climate change on the poorest populations and provides a series of recommendations for both social protection and climate change practitioners and for strengthening the evidence base.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2qc8wc1s5-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Food and nutrition (in-)security and social protection (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 15
    Keywords: Armutsbekämpfung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Ernährungssicherung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Social protection measures are policy instruments that are widely used across a broad range of developing countries in pursuit of many different development objectives. In many cases social protection measures such as food or cash transfers were first introduced to ensure minimum levels of food security for vulnerable households. However, as the policy objectives became more numerous and varied, the relationship between food security and social protection have become less prominent. This paper refocuses attention on the linkages between social protection and food and nutrition security and aims to contribute to better integrated policies on food and nutrition (in-)security and social protection, particularly among Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and their partners. The paper explores the conceptual linkages between social protection measures and food and nutrition security, examines the evidence of practical benefits that different social protection instruments can deliver and assesses the linkages between the two subjects in the international development policy agenda and concludes by proposing ways to better integrate the two issues within development policies and by identifying the main challenges and trade-offs that DAC members and their partners are likely to face.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44w9ltszt-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DynEmp : a Stata® routine for distributed micro-data analysis of business dynamics (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Mikrodaten ; Datenverarbeitung ; Software ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper introduces a new Stata® command, dynemp, which implements a distributed micro-data analysis of business and employment dynamics and firm demographics. The data source it requires are business registers or comparable firm- or establishment- level longitudinal databases which cover the (near-) universe of companies in all business sectors. Access to such confidential data is usually restricted and the micro-level data cannot be brought together to a single platform for cross-country analysis. To solve this confidentiality problem while also maintaining a high level of harmonisation of the key economic concepts (gross job flows, growth rates of employment, definition of high-growth firms, etc.), dynemp can be distributed in a network of researchers who have access to the national confidential microdata. In such manner, the rich firm-level employment dynamics can be analysed from new angles (such as firm age and size), significantly expanding the scope of the analysis insofar possible using more aggregated data.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz40rscddd4-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International cables, gateways, backhaul and international exchange points (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 232
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; Organisationsstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report focuses on the development of backhaul and cross-border networks, which enable local networks to connect to the wider Internet. These local networks may cover a city, a region or even a country. To connect their networks to other networks around the world, operators need access to regional and international high-speed networks. The level of investment required in these networks varies and can be very different from region to region. In some parts of the world, the investment made around the turn of the century was characterised by a “boom and bust”, which fuelled an expansion in backhaul links and data centres. Since that time, investment has taken place at a more measured pace, reflecting growing demand from liberalised markets and leading to further expansion in areas such as mobile and broadband Internet access.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz8m9jf3wkl-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International traffic termination (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 238
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines measures taken in countries that have restricted the ability for markets to set termination charges for incoming international telecommunication traffic by mandating rates below which no market player can diverge. The report explores empirically the effects of the introduction of such policies and finds that an increase of these termination charges reduces traffic (measured by minutes or calls) in such a way that the expected increase in revenue, given the rise of the termination charge, may be countervailed. Thus, the report concludes that these practices are not in the best interest of the countries where they have been introduced or of countries paying the higher termination rates.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2m5mnlvkc-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Official support for private sector participation in developing country infrastructure (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 19
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to take stock of support by bilateral and multilateral donors for private sector participation in developing country infrastructure. It tries to draw out trends, opportunities and challenges, collective activities to address them, and possible further actions for the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). The exercise tries to contribute to the aim of using development co-operation more strategically in leveraging other development related flows. The methodology involved research on 22 donor policies and institutions, as well as data analysis of the DAC’s Creditor Reporting System. The results of the study indicate that official development finance (ODF) for infrastructure is increasing, with a sizable proportion disbursed to support the private sector directly, mostly through loans and equity by bilateral and multilateral development finance institutions (DFIs). However, almost 70% is directed to infrastructure in upper middle income countries, where the domestic financial sector might be relatively developed, which raises the question of additionality of official support. In terms of sectors, 60% of support to the private sector goes to energy, particularly to renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. This is followed by transport, telecommunications, and water. Export credit agencies also provide significant amount of financing to developing country infrastructure. Donors further provide about 15% of funding to help improve the enabling environment for investment by building the capacity of partner government ministries, public-private-partnership units, regional organisations, or local administrations. Conclusions include the need for better co-ordination among various agencies or units involved in supporting infrastructure development within donor countries or multilateral institutions as well as the establishment of a transparent monitoring mechanism of DFI activities to ensure additionality and development effectiveness.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz14cd40nf0-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cloud computing : the concept, impacts and the role of government policy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 240
    Keywords: Politische Kommunikation ; E-Government ; Cloud Computing ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cloud computing is changing the way computing is undertaken. It provides the ability to access IT resources on demand without the need for significant capital expenditure, thereby lowering the entry barriers for new entrants in multiple sectors. Cloud computing has thus become a platform for innovation. This report presents the concept of cloud computing, the services it provides and deployment models, and thus give a clear overview of what it is and what it is not. It provides an overview of how cloud computing changes the way computing is carried out, and evaluates the impacts of cloud computing (including its benefits and challenges as well as its economic and environmental impacts). Finally, the report discusses the policy issues raised by cloud computing and the role of governments and other stakeholders in addressing these issues.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzf4lcc7f5-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New approaches to spectrum management (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 235
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Today more than ever, spectrum is identified by policy makers as a key asset to support growth in the digital economy. This report provides information and analysis on new approaches to radiofrequency spectrum management in OECD countries. The emergence of new technologies such as cognitive radio and geo-location databases enables licensed or unlicensed shared use of spectrum. These approaches aim at maximising spectrum efficiency by allowing a third party to use underutilised spectrum resources. An example of the success of unlicensed spectrum is that of Wi-Fi networks. The report also covers incentive auctions, an innovative approach to transfer spectrum resources from less to more valuable uses through market mechanisms.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44fnq066c-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consumer policy guidance on mobile and online payments (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 236
    Keywords: Elektronisches Geld ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD Committee on Consumer Policy has issued this policy guidance to boost consumer protection when using mobile and on-line payment systems and to identify ways in which policy makers and businesses can work together to strengthen consumer protection while spurring innovation in the marketplace. The guidance addresses a number of key issues in the emerging mobile and online payment area, including the need to establish minimum levels of consumer protection across payment mechanisms, enhanced privacy and child protection, and standards for transparent and accessible information disclosures
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz432cl1ns7-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intelligent demand : policy rationale, design and potential benefits (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 13
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policy interest in demand-side initiatives has grown in recent years. This may reflect an expectation that demand-side policy could be particularly effective in steering innovation to meet societal needs. In addition, owing to constrained public finances in most OECD countries, the possibility that demand-side policies might be less expensive than direct support measures is attractive. Interest may also reflect some degree of disappointment with the outcomes of traditional supply-side measures. This paper reviews demand-side innovation policies, their rationales and importance across countries, different approaches to their design, the challenges entailed in their implementation and evaluation, and good practices. Three main forms of demand-side policy are considered: innovation-oriented public procurement, innovation-oriented regulations, and standards. Emphasis is placed on innovation-oriented public procurement.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz8p4rk3944-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of industrial policy : methodological issues and policy lessons (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 16
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Industrial policy, broadly defined, covers a multitude of policy instruments and approaches. While there has been a recent revival of interest in industrial policy around the world, systematic evidence of efficacy is relatively scarce. This report brings together the work of an OECD expert group that has considered recent evidence from the evaluation of industrial policy. The report focuses on three specific policy areas, namely: support for R&D; capital market interventions (with a focus on risk capital); and public procurement for innovation. The report also examines three areas where packages of industrial policy measures are generally applied: sector approaches including public-private partnerships; policies towards clusters and business networks; and national industrial strategies. In many areas of industrial policy, evaluation faces particular methodological challenges. These challenges are outlined in the report, which concludes by drawing together the main policy lessons from the available evaluation evidence.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz181jh0j5k-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The internet in transition : the state of the transition to IPv6 in today's internet and measures to support the continued use of IPv4 (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 234
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Internet ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report considers the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 alongside the use of network technologies to prolong IPv4 use in the face of depletion of further IPv4 protocol addresses, but it does not aim to address all issues surrounding the transition to IPv6 or to detail the economic incentives faced by various Internet actors. It first provides a status update of address management issues and the run-out of IPv4. It then describes the advantages and limitations of increased use of network address translation as one response to sustain the use of IPv4 in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. It provides an overview of the IPv6 protocol; the advantages of IPv6 deployment as a response to IPv4 address exhaustion and the IPv6 transition plan compared to actual deployment to date. Finally, the report examines the choices facing individual actors, their potential consequences, and the policy implications on openness and innovation for the future of the Internet.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5sq5d7cq2-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental policies and risk finance in the green sector : cross-country evidence (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2010 ; Öko-Produkt ; Risikokapital ; Umweltpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Start-up firms play a crucial role in bringing to the market the innovations needed to move to a greener growth path. Risk finance is essential for allowing new ventures to commercialise new ideas and grow, especially in emerging sectors. Still, very little is known about the drivers and the characteristics of risk finance in the green sector. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of risk finance in the green sector across 29 OECD and BRIICS countries over the period 2005-2010 and identifying the role that policies might have in shaping high-growth investments in this sector. Results are drawn from a comprehensive deal-level database of businesses seeking financing in the green industry combined with indicators of renewable policies and government R&D expenditures. The results suggest that both supply-side policies and environmental deployment policies, designed with a long-term perspective of creating a market for environmental technologies, are associated with higher levels of risk finance relative to more short-term fiscal policies, such as tax incentives and rebates. In addition, when focusing on renewable energy generation, the results confirm the positive association of generous feed-in tariffs (FITs) with risk-finance investment. However in the solar sector excessively generous FITs tend to discourage investment.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz6wn918j37-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The political economy of tax incentives for investment in the Dominican Republic : “doctoring the ball” (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 322
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.322
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Anreiz ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Dominikanische Republik ; Development ; Dominican Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Tax incentives can be a useful tool to stimulate investment in developing countries. However, in these countries interest groups often are able to exert considerable influence in its management, if not its design. From a power-based approach to the political economy of tax reform we find how interest groups work within the institutional framework to seek outcomes that best fit their objectives. When unsuccessful, they become powerful advocates of change. These power dynamics have important implications for the design and management of tax incentives in developing economies.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz3wkh45kmw-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public financial management in infrastructure in Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 323
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.323
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Haushaltsplanung ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finanzreform ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Afrika ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To what extent do budgetary processes and institutions hamper infrastructural development in Africa? To answer that question, this report analyses the answers of budget officials to questionnaires administered in 22 African countries: Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cabo Verde, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Republic of Sudan, Tunisia and Zimbabwe.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzmjr4qlhb-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Workshop on integrating omics and policy for healthy ageing : synthesis report (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The increase in the human life span is a testament to the economic, social and medical progress made over the course of the last century. However, an ageing population brings some new challenges both to healthcare systems and to medicine in terms of the increased manifestation of specific diseases primarily seen in the elderly. Biomedical innovation, and in particular research into “omics technologies”, offers the promise of new means of detection, prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities and diseases. But the development of these new technologies will not be without challenges, in particular with respect to the difficulty of translating technological advances into innovation in the clinical setting. This report provides a synthesis of a March 2013 workshop organised by the OECD and the Human Genome Organisation (HGO) which focused on latest advances in omics technologies for healthy ageing and the policies and practices needed to facilitate their responsible development and integration in medical research, innovation and health policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb0z52dc5c-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New investment approaches for addressing social and economic challenges (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 15
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper aims to provide an introduction to and overview of the social investment market for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries. Social investment is the provision of finance to organisations with the explicit expectation of a social, as well as financial, return. Social investment has become increasingly relevant in today’s economic environment as social challenges have mounted while public funds in many countries are under pressure. New investment approaches are needed for addressing social and economic challenges, including new models of public and private partnership which can fund, deliver and scale innovative solutions from the ground up.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2bz8g00jj-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biobased chemicals and bioplastics : finding the right policy balance (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 17
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As OECD countries emerge from the global financial crisis, several countries have published their plans for the development of a future bioeconomy, an economy in which bio-based materials and production techniques will contribute significantly to economic and environmental sustainability. Such plans typically involve building a bio-based production industry in which fuels, energy and materials such as chemicals and plastics, almost always generated from fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, are incrementally replaced by equivalent or novel products generated from renewable resources. The realisation of this vision will require sustainably harnessing the vast biomass resource. The highest policy priorities at present are on several levels: allowing bio-based materials to compete for biomass on price with bioelectricity and biofuels; rectifying the highly distorting fossil fuel subsidies, heading off future competition for crude oil demand; and correcting for any excessive regulatory impacts. If governments wish to realise a successful bioeconomy in the future, the case for support for bio-based chemicals and plastics warrants serious attention.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwwfjx0djf-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Connected televisions : convergence and emerging business models (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 231
    Keywords: Fernsehprogramm ; Internet ; Geschäftsmodell ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Connected televisions are defined for the purposes of this report as devices that have the capability to interact with the Internet to display audio-visual content. Connected television is an important development because it permits the provision of certain new and valuable services to end-users. These services will also have implications for the activities of all of the players in the content distribution ecosystem. In addition to identifying the new services that connected television enables, the report analyses in some detail their effects on networks (i.e. the physical communication links that carry content to end-users). The impact on content producers themselves, on content distributors (such as traditional pay television companies), on hardware vendors, and on providers of support services such as advertising and programme guides is considered much more briefly. More detailed examination of these matters could be the subject of future work. The report also includes a discussion of policy implications raised by connected televisions for the actual connected television devices and for network infrastructure.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb36wjqkvg-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
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    Unleashing the power of big data for Alzheimer's Disease and dementia research : main points of the OECD expert consultation on unlocking global collaboration to accelerate innovation for Alzheimer's Disease and dementia (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 233
    Keywords: Alterskrankheit ; Medizin ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: More than 35 million people worldwide had dementia in 2010, when annual costs were estimated at USD 604 billion; the number of people with dementia is expected to exceed 115 million by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is today considered the prototype problem for the Grand Global Challenge in healthcare. Despite decades of intensive research, the causal chain of mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s has remained elusive as reflected in recent failures of well-designed clinical trials on promising investigational new drugs. The multi-factorial nature of the disease requires the collection, storage and processing of increasingly large and very heterogeneous datasets (behavioural, genetic, environmental, epigenetic, clinical data, brain imaging, etc.). No one nation has all the assets to pursue this type of research independently. In an effort to tackle this huge challenge, the OECD held a consultation on "Unlocking Global Collaboration to Accelerate Innovation for Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia" which looked at ways to harness developments in life sciences and information technologies to accelerate innovation in the prevention and treatment of the disease. This paper reports on the opportunities offered by the informatics revolution and big data. Creating and using big data to change the future of Alzheimer’s and dementia requires careful planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Numerous technical, administrative, regulatory, infrastructure and financial obstacles emerge and will need to be hurdled to make this vision a reality.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz73kvmvbwb-en
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  • 21
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    A calculated risk : how donors should engage with risk financing and transfer mechanisms (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33, III, III S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 17
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Better financial preparedness against risk is a central part of a comprehensive approach to disaster management. Risk financing and risk transfer are approaches to planning for risks that cannot be reduced or avoided practically or cost-effectively and may include a strategy and practical measures to ensure the availability of funds for post-disaster relief and reconstruction, commensurate with the scale and frequency of anticipated risks. Risk financing is of growing interest to a wide range of development and humanitarian actors searching for solutions to bridge a growing global post-disaster financing gap. This report describes key features of risk financing and risk transfer, examines some of the current challenges at the contextual and programmatic levels as well as institutional challenges donors might face in engaging in risk financing and recommends a set of principles and policy approaches to guide future donor support and engagement.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz122cn65s6-en
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  • 22
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    Access network speed tests (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 237
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines the approaches being taken to measure broadband performance by reviewing information on official speed tests to date as well as their strengths and drawbacks in methodologies, emerging good practices and the challenges in undertaking a harmonised approach across OECD countries. Measurement projects for Internet connection performance face greater potential hurdles than for traditional telecommunication networks, while at the same time, new opportunities are emerging in terms of “crowd-sourced” data collected through applications installed by users. The report provides classification of those measurement approaches with suggestions on how they can be selected and implemented depending on different policy goals.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2m5mr66f5-en
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  • 23
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    The development of fixed broadband networks (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 239
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines the development of fixed networks and their ability to support the Internet economy. Enhancements to fixed broadband networks remain critical despite the growth in the use of wireless services. In fact, growth in the use of data over wireless networks actually increases demands on fixed networks. Upgrading fixed networks to ultra-fast speeds has the potential to generate significant spillovers; however, the evidence so far is mixed as to whether different types of public intervention are necessary to spur fibre deployment. The report provides an overview of the barriers to upgrading networks as well as the regulatory challenges encountered in spurring the deployment of fixed networks.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2m5mlb1q2-en
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  • 24
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    Measuring well-being and progress in countries at different stages of development : towards a more universal conceptual framework (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 325
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.325
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Zufriedenheit ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A wide range of voices around the world have stressed the need to understand development as a multidimensional phenomenon that involves and affects many aspects of people’s lives. Increasingly, it is recognised that current well-being and its long-term sustainability are the ultimate goals of development and that these notions better capture the human experience of development. The objectives of this paper are to explain why well-being matters in countries at different levels of development and to address measurement challenges in the context of developing countries. These objectives are pursued in four main steps. First, the paper offers a conception of well-being and illustrates its relevance in different development contexts. Second, it describes briefly how the measurement of well-being is implemented under the OECD Better Life Initiative for OECD countries. Third, it proposes ways in which the OECD framework can be adapted to specific development contexts and thereby made more universal, by suggesting relevant well-being dimensions and indicators that could be used to measure well-being in developing countries. Finally, it discusses the possible implications of the adapted framework for OECD work in developing countries, in particular its possible use in the Multi-Dimensional Country Reviews conducted by the OECD Development Centre for a range of non OECD countries.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxss4hv2d8n-en
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  • 25
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    Wireless market structures and network sharing (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 243
    Keywords: Mobilkommunikation ; Netzinfrastruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A key issue for policy makers and regulators across the OECD area is the market structures that will best deliver efficient and inclusive mobile communication services. This has led to two issues addressed in this report, namely: the recent experience in selected countries, which have changed or held constant the number of facilities based operators; and the initial experience and key questions that have arisen with wireless network sharing. These questions are related because they converge around the issue of how many facilities-based networks are optimal in providing competitive services in the same geographical location. In all OECD countries there are at least three mobile network operators (MNOs), which broadly compete on a national basis, with some countries having four or five facilities-based networks operating nationally or in the same region. Historically, the coverage and capabilities of these networks have been important factors used by operators to differentiate their offers and attract customers. Nonetheless, sharing the expense of network facilities between multiple MNOs can significantly reduce costs, especially at a time when there are demands on operators to roll out new networks or extend coverage.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt46dzl9r2-en
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  • 26
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : telecommunication services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 172
    Keywords: Telekommunikationssektor ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for telecommunications. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for telecommunications and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.06 and 0.61, with a sample average of 0.22. Barriers to competition, reflecting inadequate regulation of incumbents with significant market power, and state ownership in some countries make the largest contribution to the index value, followed by restrictions on foreign entry. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nk5j7xp-en
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  • 27
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : audio-visual services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 174
    Keywords: Kommunikationsmedien ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for motion pictures, television and broadcasting and sound recording. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for audio-visual services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.06 and 0.72 for motion pictures, 0.07 to 0.78 for television and broadcasting, and between 0.05 and 0.37 for sound recording. The sample averages are 0.18 for motion pictures, 0.28 for television and broadcasting and 0.16 for sound recording. Limitations on foreign entry, including foreign equity limits contribute to about two thirds of the index values in television and broadcasting. In motion pictures screen quotas contribute to the indices in many of the countries with scores above average. Sound recording, i.e. music, is the most open of the three audio-visual services sectors where limitations on movement of people account for more than 40% of the index value. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nj4fc22-en
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  • 28
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    Imagining more effective humanitarian aid : a donor perspective (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 18
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper is intended to provoke debate, and stimulate further thinking and study, about humanitarian effectiveness, and what that will mean for donors and other stakeholders, in the run-up to the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016. Today’s humanitarian system is made up of many different moving parts. These different parts are guided by different standards and learning initiatives, all aimed at promoting an effective humanitarian response. However, the system itself does not yet have a core set of shared values, and it is not clear whether the overall humanitarian endeavour is fit for purpose or optimally configured, given the challenges of a changing global context, and the increasing complexity of crises. A common framework for humanitarian effectiveness, designed to promote collective responsibility and mutual accountability, would ensure that each actor would be held accountable for their contribution to the same characteristics of effectiveness – based on what they can control, what they can influence and where they advocate – no matter who was assessing them. No doubt, a shared understanding of humanitarian effectiveness will also stimulate change in the design, tools and approaches, and results measurement, within the humanitarian system.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx3d16snf7-en
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  • 29
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    Consumer policy guidance on intangible digital content products (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 241
    Keywords: Digitale Güter ; Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digital content, such as e-books and apps that are available through streaming, downloads or cloud computing platforms, has become the fastest growing e-commerce product category. To support further growth, it is important that consumers, including children, understand what their rights and obligations are when acquiring and using such products. In particular, consumers need to know about the conditions under which they may copy and share products, and on which devices the products may be used. They also need to be informed about how their personal data may be collected and used, with whom it may be shared and why, and the type of redress that may be obtained when problems arise.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvbrjq3gg6-en
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  • 30
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    The economics of transition to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 244
    Keywords: Internet ; Informationsökonomik ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report makes the case that IPv6 represents an example of a platform; within the context of IPv6, the sides of the platform are Internet service providers, backbone providers, device manufacturers, content providers, and so forth. The net benefits to adopting the new platform are not distributed equally across sides. For some participants, such as backbone and transit providers and manufacturers of devices such as routers, the transition to IPv6 has been relatively swift. For these participants the benefits of adoption were clear, and adoption demonstrated the technical ability of the company and fitness of its network. For others, such as many content providers for the Web, enterprises contemplating deployment of IPv6 within internal firm networks, and providers of consumer electronics equipment such as DVD or Blu-Ray players or televisions, the transition has been slower. For them the benefits have not been as clear, and many legacy devices, networks, customers and suppliers have not transitioned.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt46d07bhc-en
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  • 31
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    On the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions in emerging markets (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 324
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.324
    Keywords: Wechselkurs ; Wechselkurspolitik ; Schwellenländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We analyse the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions for a panel of 18 emerging market economies during the period 2003-11. Using an error-correction model approach, we find that on average intervention is effective in moving the real exchange rate in the desired direction, controlling for deviations from the equilibrium and short-term changes in fundamentals and global financial variables. Our results are robust to different samples and estimation methods. We find little evidence of asymmetries in the effect of sales and purchases, but some evidence of more effective interventions for large deviations from the equilibrium. We also explore differences across countries according to the possible transmission channels and nature of some global shocks.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwwfmxfdth-en
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  • 32
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    Skills and jobs in the internet economy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 242
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Wissensgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Both generic and specialised ICT skills are becoming an important requirement for employment across the economy as the Internet becomes more engrained in work processes, but a significant part of the population lacks the basic skills necessary to function in this new environment. This paper examines the impact of the Internet on the labour market in this context. For example, between 7% and 27% of adults have no experience in using computers or lack the most elementary computer skills, such as the ability to use a mouse. In addition, the groups with the least ICT skills tend to be among the demographic groups at the most risk of losing jobs. Data also highlight a potential skills mismatch among those with the strongest ICT skills (youth) and those who actually use them at work (prime age and older adults).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvbrjm9bns-en
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  • 33
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : computer and related services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 169
    Keywords: IT-Management ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for computer services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for computer services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.08 and 0.34, with a sample average of 0.18. Explicit barriers to trade in computer services are rare, but the sector is subject to a number of economy-wide restrictions facing all sectors. Among these, restrictions on movement of people (mode 4 in GATS terminology) make the largest contribution to the index value, followed by regulatory transparency issues. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4np1pjzt-en
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  • 34
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    Renewable energy policies and cross-border investment : evidence from mergers and acquisitions in solar and wind energy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxv9f3r9623-en
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  • 35
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    The dynamics of employment growth : new evidence from 18 countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz417hj6hg6-en
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  • 36
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay : Volume 1: Initial Assessment (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209459
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio Multi-Dimensional de Uruguay ; Volumen 1. Evaluación inicial
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Uruguay ; Vol. 1: Initial assessment
    Keywords: Development ; Uruguay ; Bericht ; Uruguay ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Abstract: Uruguay has made remarkable progress over the past decade. Stable macroeconomic policies and a favourable external environment have permitted brisk growth and the financing of social policies. Substantial improvements in several dimensions of human well-being have occurred during this period, alongside considerable reductions in external risks. The conditions ahead, however, may present challenges to maintaining performance. Overcoming these challenges will require finding the appropriate balance between long run objectives and macroeconomic and fiscal stability. One of the main obstacles to economic growth is the insufficient and inadequate provision of human capital and skills. A number of challenges remain for education, which, together with fiscal policy, are key means of reducing inequalities and sustaining economic growth. In addition, Uruguay needs to address labour shortages to avoid constraints on future growth, especially as exports become more skills-intensive. It is important to orient social policies and expenditures towards the most vulnerable groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209459-en
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  • 37
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    Perspetivas económicas em África 2014 (Versão Condensada) : As cadeias de valor globais e a industrialização de África (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213005
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. African Economic Outlook 2014; Global Value Chains and Africa's Industrialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques en Afrique 2014 ; Les chaînes de valeur mondiales et l'industrialisation de l'Afrique
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: As Perspetivas Económicas em África 2014 analisam o papel crescente do continente na economia mundial e fornecem previsões macroeconómicas para os próximos dois anos. O relatório detalha o desempenho das economias africanas em áreas cruciais: crescimento, financiamento, políticas comerciais e integração regional, desenvolvimento humano, e governação. As notas países abrangem agora a totalidade dos 54 países africanos. Estas notas sintetizam as tendências recentes da economia, as previsões de crescimento do produto interno bruto para 2014 e 2015, e destacam os principais desafios enfrentados pelos países. Um anexo estatístico permite a comparação entre as variáveis económicas, sociais e políticas específicas de cada país
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213005-pt
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  • 38
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    Engaging with the Public : Twelve Lessons from DAC Peer Reviews (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This booklet highlights key lessons learned on engaging with the public based on DAC members’ practices as documented in peer reviews, DevCom’s reports and publications and wider work from across the OECD. It includes examples from DAC members’ experiences and sketches out challenges they continue to face as they move toward more strategic, effective and innovative engagement with citizens and taxpayers on development co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226739-en
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  • 39
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    Mainstreaming Cross-cutting Issues : Seven Lessons from DAC Peer Reviews (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264205147
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Gender equality and the environment are treated as cross-cutting issues in all DAC peer reviews in recognition of their importance in development co-operation. This report highlights some of the common themes and important lessons on mainstreaming gender equality and the environment based on DAC members’ practices as documented in peer reviews, a number of donor evaluations as well as wider work across the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264205147-en
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    Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace : Rapport d'étape 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209572
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Development Co-operation More Effective; 2014 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz ; Informe de avances 2014
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: En 2011, la communauté internationale du développement s’est engagée à renforcer l’efficacité de la coopération pour le développement afin de produire de meilleurs résultats pour les populations pauvres du monde entier. Ce rapport paraît à mi-parcours entre les engagements approuvés en 2011 lors du Forum de haut niveau de Busan en Corée et la date butoir de 2015 des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement. Il fait le point sur les progrès accomplis et les domaines dans lesquels il reste des défis urgents à relever. Cet ouvrage offre un premier instantané de l'état des lieux depuis Busan. Il s'appuie sur les dix indicateurs du cadre de suivi du Partenariat mondial. Malgré les perturbations économiques mondiales, l'évolution des paysages politiques et la pression budgétaire intérieure, l’engagement en faveur d’une coopération efficace au service du développement reste ferme. Les efforts de longue date visant à modifier la façon dont la coopération pour le développement est mise en œuvre portent leurs fruits. Néanmoins, il reste encore beaucoup à faire pour traduire les engagements politiques en actions concrètes. Ce rapport souligne les domaines dans lesquels il est nécessaire de déployer des efforts ciblés afin de poursuivre les progrès et d’atteindre les objectifs fixés pour rendre la coopération au développement plus efficace d'ici 2015.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209572-fr
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    Economies interconnectées : Comment tirer parti des chaînes de valeur mondiales (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264201842
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Interconnected Economies; Benefiting from Global Value Chains
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette publication examine comment les chaînes de valeur mondiales ont évolué et les défis politiques qu'elles ont engendrés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264201842-fr
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  • 42
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    Emerging Policy Issues in Synthetic Biology (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Emerging policy issues in synthetic biology
    DDC: 572.86
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Science and Technology ; Synthetische Biologie
    Abstract: Synthetic biology is at such an early stage of development that there is no uniform agreement as yet about what it actually is. To some, it represents a natural extension of genetic engineering, and therefore is “business as usual”. For others, it is a way to bring mass manufacturing out from the decades of biotechnology research. Currently the discipline is limited by the ability to synthesise DNA cost-effectively but this is a technical barrier that it is anticipated will be overcome. Synthetic biology raises a number of policy issues around R&D funding, company investment, PPP arrangements and innovative financing, infrastructure requirements, education and training, intellectual property (IP), regulation, and public engagement. In preparation for the continuing development and greater use of synthetic biology, some countries have started to prepare synthetic biology technical roadmaps and a global roadmap for the medium term would be an extremely useful policy tool. Technical roadmaps could both identify likely future policy requirements, and be a useful vehicle in public engagement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208421-en
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  • 43
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Switzerland 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; Suisse 2013
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.604809177
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweiz ; Development ; Switzerland ; Bericht ; Schweiz ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: This book presents the findings of the OECD Development Assistance Committee's reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts Switzerland for 2013. It examines the development co-operation policies and programmes and performance of Switzerland, and examines both policy and implementation. It takse an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196322-en
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  • 44
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Sweden 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweden ; Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: This DAC peer reviews of Sweden assesses its overall development co-operation performance, examining both policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the country under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196254-en
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  • 45
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Ireland 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264225114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.914170172405
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Irland ; Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. This peer review of Ireland reviews its development policies and programmes. It assesses not just the performance of its development co-operation agency, but also policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264225114-en
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  • 46
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    The Space Economy at a Glance 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217294 , 9789264225459 , 9789264222304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy at a glance 2014
    Keywords: Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The space sector plays an increasingly pivotal role in the functioning of modern societies and their economic development as the use of satellite technology gives rise to new applications, uses and markets. Space Economy at a Glance offers a statistical overview of the global space sector and its contributions to economic activity using data from over 40 countries with space programmes, and identifies new dynamics in the space sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217294-en
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  • 47
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    An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel : Geography, Economics and Security (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264222359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un atlas du Sahara-Sahel ; Géographie, économie et insécurité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als An atlas of the Sahara-Sahel
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Geographie ; Volkswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftslage ; Sahel ; Development ; Sahel ; Geografie ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: The Sahara-Sahel has seen recurrent episodes of instability. However, the recent Libyan and Malian crises have intensified the level of violence. These episodes have restructured the geopolitical and geographical dynamics of the region. Cross-border or regional, these contemporary crises require new institutional responses. How can countries sharing this space - Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Tunisia and all related states such as Nigeria - stabilize and develop? Historically, the Sahara plays an intermediary role between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial and human exchanges are intense and based on social networks that now include trafficking. Understanding their structure, geographical and organizational mobility of criminal groups and migratory movements represents a strategic challenge. This book hopes to address this challenge and stimulate strategies for the Sahel of the European Union, the United Nations, the African Union or ECOWAS (Economic Community of the States of West Africa) in order to foster lasting peace. The Atlas is based on an analysis of mapped regional security issues and development objectives to open the necessary dialogue between regional and international organizations, governments, researchers and local stakeholders tracks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264222359-en
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    Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en Colombia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209558
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Telecommunication Policy and Regulation in Colombia
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Abstract: La estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de las telecomunicaciones tomó como base las respuestas de las autoridades colombianas a un cuestionario, así como los resultados de una extensa serie de entrevistas realizadas a los principales actores del sector de las telecomunicaciones durante una visita de investigación efectuada en Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209558-es
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    Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre ciencia, tecnología e industria 2014 (Version abreviada) : Informe Iberoamericano (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226487
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) son factores decisivos para lograr un desarrollo social y económico sostenible. La OCDE hace recomendaciones de política basadas en evidencia acerca de la aportación de la CTI a las metas de crecimiento, empleo, sustentabilidad y bienestar de las naciones. Los países de Iberoamérica han estado trabajando de cerca con la OCDE sobre diversos aspectos de CTI y ahora, a propósito de la Reunión de Ministros y Altas Autoridades de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, a celebrarse el 27 y 28 de noviembre en la ciudad de Puebla, México, la Organización ha preparado el presente Informe Iberoamericano, que se deriva de su OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014. Su finalidad es informar a los responsables del diseño de políticas de CTI de la región, así como a representantes y analistas del sector empresarial, sobre los cambios recientes y próximos en los modelos mundiales de CTI. Asimismo, destaca las posibles implicaciones actuales y futuras de las políticas de CTI de los países a nivel tanto global como nacional.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226487-es
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  • 50
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    Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft : Ursprünge und Auswirkungen (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264221765
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Globalisation; Origins and consequences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation économique ; Origines et conséquences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalización económica ; Orígenes y consecuencias
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Es gibt kaum ein Thema, das so kontrovers ist – und gleichzeitig so wenig verstanden wird – wie die Globalisierung. Die wirtschaftliche Globalisierung im weitesten Sinne kann zwar auf eine ebenso lange Geschichte zurückblicken wie der Handel selbst, doch die Komplexität, die sich aus der globalen Vernetzung der Volkswirtschaften ergibt, sowie deren Auswirkungen auf unsere Lebensgrundlagen haben sich durch die globale Finanzkrise noch verstärkt. Diese Publikation beschreibt die entscheidenden Wendepunkte in der Geschichte der wirtschaftlichen Integration und insbesondere die Beschleunigung des Globalisierungsprozesses seit den 1990er Jahren. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung in vier maßgeblichen Bereichen – Beschäftigung, Entwicklung, Umwelt und Finanzstabilität – erörtert: Fördert Globalisierung die Entwicklung oder verstärkt sie die Ungleichheit? Werden durch Globalisierung Arbeitsplätze geschaffen oder vernichtet? Schädigt Globalisierung die Umwelt oder trägt sie zu ihrem Erhalt bei? Steuern wir auf eine Entglobalisierung zu oder kann die Globalisierung sogar die Erholung begünstigen?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264221765-de
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    Making Development Co-operation More Effective : 2014 Progress Report (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace ; Rapport d'étape 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz ; Informe de avances 2014
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making development co-operation more effective
    DDC: 338.064
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Bericht ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: In 2011 the international development community committed to make development co-operation more effective to deliver better results for the world’s poor. At the mid-point between commitments endorsed in the High-Level Forum in Busan, Korea in 2011 and the 2015 target date of the Millennium Development Goals, this report takes stock of how far we have come and where urgent challenges lie. This report - a first snapshot of the state-of-play since Busan - reveals both successes and shortfalls. It draws on the ten indicators of the Global Partnership monitoring framework. Despite global economic turbulence, changing political landscapes and domestic budgetary pressure, commitment to effective development co-operation principles remains strong. Longstanding efforts to change the way that development co-operation is delivered are paying off. Past achievements on important aid effectiveness commitments that date back to 2005 have been sustained. Nevertheless, much more needs to be done to translate political commitments into concrete action. This report highlights where targeted efforts are needed to make further progress and to reach existing targets for more effective development co-operation by 2015.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209305-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: This review of the development co-operation efforts of the United Kingdom examines its policies, performance and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226579-en
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  • 53
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    Estudio Multi-Dimensional de Uruguay : Volumen 1. Evaluación inicial (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264222052
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay; Volume 1; Initial Assessment
    Keywords: Development ; Uruguay
    Abstract: Uruguay ha tenido notables progresos durante el último decenio. Medidas macroeconómicas estables y el favorable entorno exterior han permitido un crecimiento dinámico y el financiamiento de políticas sociales. Así mismo, se han mejorado sustancialmente varias dimensiones del marco de bienestar de las personas y se han paliado considerablemente los riesgos externos. Sin embargo, de cara al futuro, se plantean desafíos al mantenimiento del desempeño. Para poder hacer frentes a estos desafíos se requiere encontrar el balance entre objetivos de largo plazo y la estabilidad macroeconómica y fiscal. Uno de los principales obstáculos al crecimiento económico es la provisión insuficiente de capital humano y competencias. Varios retos persisten para la educación, que, junto con la política fiscal, son recursos cruciales para reducir las desigualdades y mantener el desarrollo económico. Adicionalmente, Uruguay necesita abordar los déficits de mano de obra para evitar restricciones a su crecimiento, especialmente ahora que las exportaciones son más intentas en mano de obra calificada. Es importante orientar las políticas sociales y el gasto hacia los grupos más vulnerables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264222052-es
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    OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas : Second Edition (Chinese version) (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214347
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas; Second Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour des chaînes d'approvisionnement responsables en minerais provenant de zones de conflit ou à haut risque ; Deuxième édition
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This is an updated edition which includes new supplements on Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten and on Gold. Trade and investment in natural mineral resources hold great potential for generating income, growth and prosperity, sustaining livelihoods and fostering local development. However, a large share of these resources is located in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. In these areas, exploitation of natural mineral resources is significant and may contribute, directly or indirectly, to armed conflict, gross human rights violations and hinder economic and social development. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas provides step-by-step management recommendations endorsed by governments for global responsible supply chains of minerals in order for companies to respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral or metal purchasing decisions and practices. The Due Diligence Guidance may be used by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas, and is intended to cultivate transparent, conflict-free supply chains and sustainable corporate engagement in the minerals sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214347-zh
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : France 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196216
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews; France 2013
    Keywords: Development ; France
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE procède à des examens périodiques des efforts individuels de coopération au développement des membres du CAD. Les politiques et les programmes de chacun des membres font l’objet d’un examen critique une fois tous les cinq ans. Les examens par les pairs évaluent la performance du membre considéré, non pas seulement celle de son organisme de coopération pour le développement, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la définition de la politique qu’à sa mise en œuvre. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire du membre soumis à examen en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196216-fr
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    Making Innovation Policy Work : Learning from Experimentation (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264185739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making innovation policy work
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Innovationsförderung ; Innovation ; Industriepolitik ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Produktion ; Wirtschaft ; Ökologie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Tendenz ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This book explores emerging topics in innovation policy for more inclusive and sustainable growth, building on concrete examples. It develops the notion of experimental innovation policy – which integrates monitoring and feedback at the policy design stage, and occurs continuously to improve impact and implementation. This approach should help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy. Experimental policy making is particularly important for new and emerging innovation domains, where the scope for learning and improvement is the greatest. To make the discussion as concrete and relevant as possible for practitioners and policy makers, three emerging domains of innovation policy are explored in greater detail: innovative entrepreneurship, green innovation, and pro-poor or base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264185739-en
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    Les femmes et l'entreprise 2014 : Accélérer le développement de l'entreprenariat dans la région Afrique du Nord et Moyen-Orient (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264227521
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Women in Business 2014; Accelerating Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: « Les femmes et l’entreprise 2014 » dresse un tableau des progrès accomplis dans le cadre du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs OCDE-MENA depuis la parution du premier rapport « Les femmes et l’entreprise » en 2012. En 2012, cinq domaines d'actions ont été identifiés comme priorités à mettre en œuvre par les gouvernements, les parties prenantes internationales, les organisations financières et de soutien aux entreprises, ainsi que par les agences statistiques. En deux ans, le Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs a développé des contributions dans trois de ces domaines d'action prioritaires. Les contributions du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs sont à la mesure de sa reconnaissance croissante en tant que hub encourageant des améliorations concrètes du climat des affaires pour les femmes entrepreneurs dans la région MENA. Plus que jamais, l’entrepreneuriat féminin constitue un volet essentiel des politiques de création d’emplois mises en place par les gouvernements de la région afin d’améliorer le bien-être d’une main-d’œuvre croissante et restaurer la confiance dans l’économie. Les perspectives économiques des pays de la région MENA ayant traversé une transition politique se sont améliorées, mais le chômage reste en hausse, l'inflation continue d’augmenter et les finances publiques de se détériorer. Dans ces pays, les incertitudes politiques s’ajoutent à des difficultés structurelles. Dans les pays du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (CCG), les défis restent encore liés à la diversification de leurs économies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264227521-fr
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    Promoting Research Excellence : New Approaches to Funding (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264207462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting research excellence
    DDC: 370.78
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Universitäre Forschung ; Regionales Cluster ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: National research systems face an increasingly competitive environment for ideas, talent and funds, and governments have shifted funds from institutional core funding to project funding, often on a competitive basis, or reward success in raising third-party funds in performance-based funding schemes. It is in this context that “research excellence initiatives” (REIs) have emerged. This is an instrument designed to encourage outstanding research by providing large-scale, long-term funding to designated research units. They provide funds for research and research-related measures, such as the improvement or extension of physical infrastructure, the recruitment of outstanding researchers from abroad and researcher training. This report presents new evidence on how governments steer and fund public research in higher education and public research institutions through REIs. The report can help inform discussions on future government policy directions by providing information on how REIs work and on the functioning and characteristics of institutions that host centres of excellence. The findings show some of the benefits to be gained through REIs and note some pitfalls to be avoided.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264207462-en
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    Greener Skills and Jobs (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greener skills and jobs
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Umweltschutz ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Green skills, that is, skills needed in a low-carbon economy, will be required in all sectors and at all levels in the workforce as emerging economic activities create new (or renewed) occupations. Structural changes will realign sectors that are likely to decline as a result of the greening of the economy and workers will need to be retrained accordingly. The successful transition to a low-carbon economy will only be possible if workers can flexibly adapt and transfer from areas of decreasing employment to new industries. This report suggests that the role of skills and education and training policies should be an important component of the ecological transformation process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208704-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Norway 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.9173
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Norwegen ; Development ; Norway
    Abstract: This book reviews development co-operation efforts of Norway over the past five years. It examines both policy and implementation and takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on Norway's development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196315-en
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Croatia 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    DDC: 338.174309569409041
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Croatia
    Abstract: This OECD Review of Innovation Policy in Croatia offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Croatia, focusing on the role of government. It suggests that EU integration opens a window of opportunity for strengthening Croatia's science, technology and innovation systems, and recommends that Croatia improve governance, rebalance the innovation mix and do more to foster business innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204362-en
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  • 62
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    The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa 2014 : Promise and Performance (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264255692
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen mutuel de l'efficacité du développement en Afrique 2014 ; Promesses et résultats
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness is an exercise in mutual accountability undertaken jointly by ECA and the OECD following a request of NEPAD Heads of State and Government in 2003. Its purpose is to assess what has been done by Africa and its development partners to deliver commitments in relation to development in Africa, what results have been achieved, and what the key future priorities are. It complements the self-assessments produced by each side to the partnership, and is in line with the shift in emphasis from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness, and the emphasis on mutual accountability at Busan. NEPAD Heads of State and Government and AU/ECA Finance Ministers have reaffirmed the value of this exercise. The 2014 report follows the same structure as previous reports, divided into 4 main ‘clusters’ of issues covering: sustainable economic growth, investing in people, good governance and financing for development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264255692-en
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    Measuring the Digital Economy : A New Perspective (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264221796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring the Digital Economy; A New Perspective (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital economy
    DDC: 381/.142
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Internetnutzung ; IKT-Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Statistik ; OECD ; Electronic Commerce ; Neue Medien ; Evaluation
    Abstract: The growing role of the digital economy in daily life has heightened demand for new data and measurement tools. Internationally comparable and timely statistics combined with robust cross-country analyses are crucial to strengthen the evidence base for digital economy policy making, particularly in a context of rapid change. This report presents indicators traditionally used to monitor the information society and complements them with experimental indicators that provide insight into areas of policy interest. The key objectives of this publication are to highlight measurement gaps and propose actions to advance the measurement agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264221796-en
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    Science, Technology and Innovation in Viet Nam (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Science, technology and innovation in Viet Nam
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technologiepolitik ; Vietnam ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Viet Nam ; Vietnam ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Viet Nam, focusing on the role of government and providing concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213500-en
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    Industry and Technology Policies in Korea (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Industry and technology policies in Korea
    DDC: 338.642
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: The Korean innovation system is in many ways highly developed and has helped to underpin Korea’s rapid industrialisation. However, long-standing policy emphases on manufacturing and large firms are today in question. Structural problems - such as the relatively weak innovation performance of SMEs, a lagging services sector and limited domestic job creation among the industrial conglomerates - have led to a shift in policy priorities. This shift is crystallised in the current government’s Creative Economy Strategy, which entails a far-reaching set of measures aimed at fostering cutting-edge innovation and consolidating a knowledge-based economy increasingly driven by high-value services. This review addresses Korea’s industry and technology policies and institutions, and provides policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213227-en
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    Accountability and Democratic Governance : Orientations and Principles for Development (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264183636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Accountability and democratic governance
    DDC: 320.97301
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Governance ; Development
    Abstract: The ability of citizens to demand accountability and more open government is fundamental to good governance. There is growing recognition of the need for new approaches to the ways in which donors support accountability, but no broad agreement on what changed practice looks like. This publication aims to provide more clarity on the emerging practice. Based on four country studies Mali, Mozambique, Peru and Uganda, a survey of donor innovations and cutting-edge analysis in this field, and the findings of a series of special high-level international dialogues on how to best support accountability support to parliaments, political parties, elections and the media. The publication takes the view that a wholesale shift in behaviour is required by parts of the development assistance community - moving outside conventional comfort zones and changing reflexes towards new approaches to risk taking, analysis and programming around systems of accountability and ‘do no harm’ efforts in political engagement. This piece is aimed at a range of development practitioners, as well as a wider audience, including civil society actors and citizens around the world who interact with donors working on accountability support.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264183636-en
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    Réunion à haut niveau du CAD - Communiqué final 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe DAC High Level Meeting Final Communiqué 2014
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les 15 et 16 décembre 2014, le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE est parvenu à un consensus important et historique sur la manière de moderniser son cadre statistique pour mesurer le financement du développement dans les pays en voie de développement. Il ouvre la voie aux ambitieux objectifs de développement durable (ODD).
    DOI: 10.1787/22894fb0-fr
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    Regional Perspectives on Aid for Trade (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264216037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional perspectives on aid for trade
    DDC: 338.91091724
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfekonditionen ; Welt ; Development ; Trade ; Bericht ; Weltwirtschaft ; Welthandel
    Abstract: Deepening economic integration via regional co-operation has emerged as a key priority in the reform strategies of most developing economies over the past decade. This is evidenced by the explosive growth in bilateral and regional trading agreements in which they now participate. Regional aid for trade can help developing countries spur regional economic integration, enhance competitiveness, and plug into regional production networks. Based on a rich set of experiences regarding regional aid for trade projects and programmes, the study finds that regional aid for trade offers great potential as a catalyst for growth, development and poverty reduction. The study recommends greater emphasis on regional aid for trade as a means of improving regional economic integration and development prospects. While regional aid for trade faces many practical implementation challenges, experience has shown that associated problems are not insurmountable but do require thorough planning, careful project formulation, and prioritization on the part of policy makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264216037-en
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    Nanotechnology and Tyres : Greening Industry and Transport (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nanotechnology and tyres
    DDC: 620.5
    Keywords: Nanotechnologie ; Reifenindustrie ; Reifen ; Umweltbelastung ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: New nanomaterials offer promising avenues for future innovation, which can contribute towards the sustainability and resource efficiency of the tyre industry. Yet uncertainty over environmental health and safety (EHS) risks appears to be a main and continuous concern for the development of new nanomaterials in tyre production, even for those closest to market. Lack of sector-specific guidance represents a major gap.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209152-en
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    Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis: Facilitation Guide (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The following guidelines provide detailed guidance on how to organize a Resilience System Analysis workshop. They support the OECD’s “Guidance for Resilience System Analysis”.
    DOI: 10.1787/a0714975-en
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    Un atlas du Sahara-Sahel : Géographie, économie et insécurité (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264222335
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel; Geography, Economics and Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel: Geography, Economics and Security
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Le Sahara-Sahel traverse des épisodes récurrents d’instabilité, cependant les crises libyenne et malienne récentes intensifient le degré de violence. Elles restructurent les dynamiques géopolitiques et géographiques. Transfrontalières voire régionales, ces crises contemporaines nécessitent de nouvelles réponses institutionnelles. Comment les pays partageant cet espace – Algérie, Libye, Mali, Maroc, Mauritanie, Niger, Tchad et Tunisie - peuvent-ils, ensemble et en relation avec des états tels que le Nigéria, le stabiliser et le développer ? Depuis toujours, le Sahara joue un rôle d’intermédiaire entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Afrique subsaharienne. Avant l’époque romaine, des routes le traversaient déjà, à l’origine militaires. Les échanges commerciaux et humains sont intenses et fondés sur des réseaux sociaux auxquels se greffent désormais les trafics. La compréhension de leur structuration, de la mobilité géographique et organisationnelle des groupes criminels et des circulations migratoires représente un défi stratégique. Cet ouvrage espère relever ce défi et nourrir les stratégies pour le Sahel de l’Union européenne, des Nations Unies, de l’Union africaine ou encore de la CEDEAO (Communauté économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest) en vue d’une paix durable. Cet Atlas s’appuie sur une analyse cartographiée et régionale des enjeux de sécurité et de développement pour ouvrir des pistes objectives au nécessaire dialogue entre organisations régionales et internationales, États, chercheurs et acteurs locaux.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264222335-fr
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    National Intellectual Property Systems, Innovation and Economic Development : With perspectives on Colombia and Indonesia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als National intellectual property systems, innovation and economic development
    Keywords: Immaterialgüterrechte ; Innovation ; Entwicklung ; Kolumbien ; Indonesien ; Science and Technology ; Colombia ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This publication addresses the role of national systems of IP in the socio-economic development of emerging countries, notably through their impact on innovation. It presents a framework that identifies the key mechanisms that enable IP systems to support emerging countries’ innovation and development objectives. The report also discusses two IP country studies conducted for Colombia and Indonesia. These are based on analyses of the national intellectual property systems, drawing on country missions that gathered detailed information and feedback from more than 100 stakeholders on IP-related priorities and bottlenecks. Concrete policy recommendations are provided for both countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204485-en
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    Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz : Informe de avances 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264209718
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Development Co-operation More Effective; 2014 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace ; Rapport d'étape 2014
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: En 2011, la comunidad internacional se comprometió a hacer que la cooperación al desarrollo fuese más eficaz con el fin de obtener mejores resultados en la lucha contra la pobreza. A medio camino entre los compromisos contraídos en el Foro de Alto Nivel de Busan, Corea, de 2011 y la fecha límite de 2015 fijada para los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, este informe hace balance de hasta dónde se ha llegado y dónde subsisten desafíos urgentes. El informe, la primera imagen de conjunto de la situación desde Busan basándose en los diez indicadores del marco de monitoreo de la Alianza Global. Pese a la inestabilidad económica mundial, el cambiante panorama político y la presión presupuestaria en los países, el compromiso en pro de los principios de cooperación al desarrollo se ha mantenido sólido. Sin embargo, aún queda mucho por hacer para traducir los compromisos políticos en acción concreta. El presente informe destaca donde es necesario concentrar los esfuerzos para seguir progresando y alcanzar las metas existentes por una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz para 2015.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264209718-es
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Italy 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapporto Peer Review dell'OCSE-DAC sulla cooperazione allo sviluppo dell'Italia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Italien ; Development ; Italy
    Abstract: This peer reviews assess the performance of Italy, covering not just development co-operation agency, but also policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities Italy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213241-en
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    Women in Business 2014 : Accelerating Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213944
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les femmes et l'entreprise 2014 ; Accélérer le développement de l'entreprenariat dans la région Afrique du Nord et Moyen-Orient
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women in business 2014
    Keywords: Unternehmer ; Frauen ; MENA-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Women in Business 2014 summarises the progress made by the OECD-MENA Women Business Forum (WBF) since the publication of its first Women in Business report in 2012. In 2012, five groups of actions had been identified as priorities to be carried out by governments, international stakeholders, financial and business support organisations, as well as statistical agencies. In two years, the WBF has developed inputs for three of these areas of priority actions. The WBF’s contributions are growing along with its increased recognition as a hub which spurs concrete improvements in the business climate for women entrepreneurs in the MENA region. Today, women’s entrepreneurship is all the more important as governments in the region are facing the colossal challenge of rebooting job creation to improve the well-being of a growing workforce and confidence in the economy. The economic prospects of MENA economies that are going through a political transition have improved but unemployment has increased, inflation is rising and public finances have deteriorated. In these countries, political uncertainties add to long term structural difficulties. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the challenges still lie in the diversification of their economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213944-en
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    Better Policies for Development 2014 : Policy Coherence and Illicit Financial Flows (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264210325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy coherence and illicit financial flows
    Keywords: Entwicklungspolitik ; Kapitalmobilität ; Geldwäsche ; Kapitalverkehrskontrolle ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Geldwäsche ; Kapitalverkehrskontrolle
    Abstract: This edition of Better Policies for Development focuses on illicit financial flows and their detrimental effects on development and growth. Every year, huge sums of money are transferred out of developing countries illegally. The numbers are disputed, but illicit financial flows are often cited as outstripping official development aid and inward investment. These flows strip resources from developing countries that could be used to finance much-needed public services, such as health care and education. This report defines policy coherence for development as a global tool for creating enabling environments for development in a post-2015 context. It shows that coherent policies in OECD countries in areas such as tax evasion, anti-bribery and money laundering can contribute to reducing illicit financial flows from developing countries. It also provides an update on OECD efforts to develop a monitoring matrix for policy coherence for development, based upon existing OECD indicators of ‘policy effort’. The report also includes contributions from member states. Most illustrate national processes to deal with policy coherence for development beyond 2015.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264210325-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Japan 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264218161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.952
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Japan ; Development ; Japan
    Abstract: This Peer Review assesses the performance of Japanese development co-operation. Peer reviews of OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members are based on the two objectives of accountability and learning. The reviews are the only international process to examine regularly key bilateral development co-operation systems and offer constructive commentary for their reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264218161-en
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    Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis: How to Analyse Risk and Build a Roadmap to Resilience (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Development practitioners are often ill equipped to analyse the potential of communities to cope with the complex, interconnected and evolving risks they face. As a result, development and humanitarian programmes only partially integrate those resilience aspects. These guidelines propose a step-by-step approach to resilience systems analysis, to help field practitioners prepare for, and facilitate, a successful multi-stakeholder resilience analysis workshop; design a roadmap to boost the resilience of communities and societies; and integrate the results of the analysis into their development and humanitarian programming.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b1d3efe-en
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    DAC High Level Meeting Final Communiqué 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: On 15-16 December 2014 the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) came to an important and historic consensus on how to modernise its statistical framework for measuring development finance to developing countries. It paved the way for the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
    DOI: 10.1787/df8d26b8-en
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    Social Cohesion Policy Review of Viet Nam (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social cohesion policy review of Viet Nam
    Keywords: Soziale Lage ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Vietnam ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This report examines the effects of recent economic growth in Viet Nam on social cohesion. It finds that recent rapid economic growth in Viet Nam has not resulted in an increase in overall inequality, but the level of inequality was already high. Growth was not particularly inclusive, benefiting most the middle class and the richest households, and favouring less households in the bottom 20th percentile. Income mobility was also high, and while a majority of households experienced upward income mobility, downward absolute income mobility affected one in five households. Economic growth was not particularly job rich with employment growth lagging behind economic expansion. In particular, important challenges were identified in the area of education and skills policies relating to fast-changing labour market needs. Minimum wage policies had a small but positive effect on employment, but concerns were highlighted over partial coverage and weak compliance. Tax policy and specifically personal income tax had only a small impact on reducing inequality, but transfers from central to local governments produced an equalising effect, albeit with mixed results in terms of satisfaction with public services. Finally, social protection systems have been extended, but important coverage gaps remain among the poor and ethnic minority groups, and informality remains a key challenge for universal extension.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196155-en
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  • 81
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: France 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation ; France 2014
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; France
    Abstract: This report compares the performance of the French innnovation systems with that of other countries and presents the conclusions of interviews with 30 key actors in the French research and innovation system. During the past ten years, this system has undergone profound changes, and the report highlights the governments plan to dynamise and reform the system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214026-en
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  • 82
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    Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation : France 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214019
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; France 2014
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; France
    Abstract: Ce rapport sur la France compare les performances et le fonctionnement du système français avec ceux d'autres pays, et se base sur les conclusions des travaux thématiques de l'OCDE ainsi que sur environ 30 entretiens conduits avec les principaux acteurs du système français de recherche et d'innovation. Ce système a connu des transformations profondes au cours de la dernière décennie, et le rapport met l'accent sur le "Programme des Investissements d'Avenir", un plan gouvernemental qui vise à dynamiser la recherche et l'innovation et à encourager les réformes de l'ensemble du système.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214019-fr
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  • 83
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Colombia 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Abstract: This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Colombia, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies and identifies good practices from which other countries can learn. The Overall assessment and recommendations is also available in French and Spanish.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204638-en
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  • 84
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Netherlands 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264213159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of the Netherlands, focusing on the role of government and including concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264213159-en
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  • 85
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    Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries : Measuring OECD Responses (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264203501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Illicit financial flows from developing countries
    Keywords: Kapitalmobilität ; Geldwäsche ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This publication identifies the main areas of weakness and potential areas for action to combat money-laundering, tax evasion, foreign bribery, and to identify, freeze and return stolen assets. It also looks at the role of development agencies and finds that the potential returns to developing countries from using ODA on issues like combating tax evasion or asset recovery are significant. Finally, it identifies some opportunities for a scaled-up role for development agencies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264203501-en
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  • 86
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    Towards Green Growth in Southeast Asia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264224100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Towards green growth in Southeast Asia
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Südostasien ; Environment ; Development ; Südostasien ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Southeast Asia’s booming economy offers tremendous growth potential, but also large and interlinked economic, social and environmental challenges. The region’s current growth model is based in large part on natural resource exploitation, exacerbating these challenges. This report provides evidence that, with the right policies and institutions, Southeast Asia can pursue green growth and thus sustain the natural capital and environmental services, including a stable climate, on which prosperity depends. Carried out in consultation with officials and researchers from across the region, Towards Green Growth in Southeast Asia provides a framework for regional leaders to design their own solutions to move their countries towards green growth. While recognising the pressures that Southeast Asian economies face to increase growth, fight poverty and enhance well-being, the report acknowledges the links between all these dimensions and underscores the window of opportunity that the region has now to sustain its wealth of natural resources, lock-in resource-efficient and resilient infrastructure, attract investment, and create employment in the increasingly dynamic and competitive sectors of green technology and renewable energy. Some key policy recommendations are that these challenges can be met by scaling up existing attempts to strengthen governance and reform countries’ economic structure; mainstreaming green growth into national development plans and government processes; accounting for the essential ecosystem services provided by natural capital, ending open-access natural resource exploitation; and guiding the sustainable growth of cities to ensure well-being and prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264224100-en
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  • 87
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    OECD Review of Telecommunication Policy and Regulation in Colombia (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264208131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en Colombia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of telecommunication policy and regulation in Colombia
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Abstract: As have OECD countries, Colombia has recognised that the communications sector, and in particular high-speed Internet access provided by fixed and mobile broadband, represents a key infrastructure for improving productivity and economic growth and in enhancing the welfare of its citizens. This report reviews policies and regulations in the telecommunication service sector in Colombia. It puts forward recommendations aimed at furthering regulatory reform and stimulating market competition and investment in the sector as a building block for the future development of the Colombian economy. It aims to help achieve one of the government's goals, which is to develop a knowledge-intensive society.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264208131-en
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  • 88
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: France 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; France 2013
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Frankreich ; Development ; France
    Abstract: This report on the DAC peer review of France's development co-opeation programmes and policies presents an assessment of the performance of the programme and examines both policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196193-en
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  • 89
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Australia 2013 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Australien ; Development ; Australia
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196186-en
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  • 90
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    Stimulating economic growth through knowledge-based investment (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wissen ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Recent studies have shown that knowledge-based capital (KBC) is an important source of economic growth in many of the world’s advanced economies (much more so than R&D alone) and is positively correlated with real GDP per capita in a cross-section of these economies. This literature is still in its infancy and there is, as yet, no systematic discussion of KBC policy. This paper makes an attempt to fill this gap.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46dbzqhj9v-en
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  • 91
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    The relationship between local content, internet development and access prices (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 217
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Netzregulierung ; Internet ; Telekommunikationspreis ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This research study is the result of a collaboration between the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Internet Society (ISOC) and UNESCO. The study was initially presented at the sixth annual meeting of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) on 27 September 2011 in Nairobi (Kenya). The study confirms that local content, Internet infrastructure and access prices are three inter-related elements. In particular: (i) better connectivity is significantly related to higher levels of local digital content creation; (ii) countries with more Internet infrastructure (at all income levels) are also countries which produce more local digital content as measured by Wikipedia entries and by web pages under a given country-code, top-level domain; (iii) countries with more international connectivity have lower domestic broadband prices, and countries with better domestic infrastructure have lower international bandwidth prices. The study concludes that three key lines of policy considerations evolve out of this research: (i) fostering content development, (ii) expanding connectivity, and (iii) promoting Internet access competition.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c1rq2bqvk-en
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  • 92
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    Innovation and inclusive development : a discussion of the main policy issues (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Bildungschancen ; Gemeinwesenarbeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Informationstechnik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Inclusive development is a key policy priority since growth processes have not always helped lowerincome groups. Innovation is a major driver of growth and its relationship with inequalities in income and opportunities raises some important policy questions: Do innovation and the resulting technological change necessarily lead to increased inequalities? Do policies aimed at supporting innovation foster inequalities? To what extent can innovation be mobilised to improve the life conditions of the lower income groups? These questions are the basis of this report, which, prepared for the OECD-DST Conference on Innovation for Inclusive Development, reviews the existing evidence in response.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dd1rvsnjj-en
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  • 93
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    Opening the black box of contract renegotiations : an analysis of road concessions in Chile, Colombia and Peru (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 317
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.317
    Keywords: 1993-2010 ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Straßenbau ; Chile ; Kolumbien ; Peru ; Development ; Chile ; Colombia ; Peru ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the renegotiations of road concessions in Chile, Colombia and Peru for the period 1993-2010. First, it analyses the legal framework, the institutional design and the types of concessions of these countries and second, it uses a novel data composed of a sample of 61 of the 62 road concession contracts to explore the renegotiation of these concessions. 50 out of 61 contracts have been modified at least once, resulting in more than 540 renegotiations. All modified contracts were changed for the first time less than 3 years after the initial signing of the concession. Empirical analysis suggests that State-led renegotiations, which were more common than firm-led renegotiations, were motivated by the opportunistic behaviour of governments. State-led renegotiations that added new stretches of roads and that included additional complementary works during governments’ last year in office were costlier than other renegotiations. Finally, governments deferred a larger share of renegotiation’s fiscal costs in State-led renegotiations that took place during their last year in office.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46n3wwxxq3-en
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  • 94
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    Capital flows in Asia-Pacific : controls, bonanzas and sudden stops (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 320
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.320
    Keywords: 1995 - 2010 ; Kapitalmobilität ; Kapitalverkehrskontrolle ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Asia-Pacific region has long been prone to volatile capital flows that have posed a challenge for authorities to cope with and occasionally led to payment difficulties dragging down exchange rates and spilling over to the real economy. The recent global crisis repeated past history, although most economies hard hit by the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis have learnt a lesson and are now better prepared to face volatile capital flows. Asian and Pacific countries have strengthened capital controls over 1995-2010, in particular those targeting portfolio flows. Now more countries impose some sort of control on outflows of all types of capital than 15 years ago and controls on outflows appear more stringent than on inflows. Notwithstanding the controls, most Asia-Pacific economies experienced at least one spell of large capital flows. To effectively curb capital inflow bonanzas, the measures need to be targeted. Portfolio inflow surges can be curbed by controlling bond inflows in general and in the case of very large surges, by limiting collective investment inflows. Controls on credit inflows appear effective in reducing the probability of cross-border lending booms. Furthermore, measures targeting residents appear more effective in reducing the probability of capital inflow bonanzas. Beside control measures, other conditions also appear to have a bearing on the probability of occurrence and on the length of the capital inflow spell. Previous inflows appear to be an important determinant of future booms in all asset categories, while global risk appetite increases the probability of overall inflows and cross border credit bonanzas. Domestic growth only explains the occurrence of equity portfolio inflow booms. A more lenient stance on outflows could shorten the duration of capital inflow bonanzas and hence reduce their cumulative impact on the economy.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k40d65jjx23-en
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  • 95
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    A cross-country characterisation of the patenting behaviour of firms based on matched firm and patent data (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 1999 - 2010 ; Unternehmen ; Industrieforschung ; Patent ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work proposes a characterisation of the patenting behaviours of firms. It relies on patent data linked to firm data from a commercial dataset, regards firms of 20 or more employees located in 15 countries, and refers to the period 1999-2010. The way in which patent assignees’ names are linked to firm names is explained, and the coverage and representativeness of the firm database used is discussed using information from structural business statistics. The profile of patenting and non-patenting firms is delineated on the basis of characteristics such as firm size, ownership, firm age and industry, and of combinations thereof. Statistics related to the sector-specific patterns of patent renewals are also shown.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k40gxd4vh41-en
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  • 96
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    Green growth and poverty reduction : policy coherence for pro-poor growth (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 14
    Keywords: Armutsbekämpfung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Fischereipolitik ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Biokraftstoff ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores the policy coherence for development (PCD) dimensions of green growth strategies pursued by OECD member states. The coherence challenge is to design OECD green growth policies in order to maximise the positive synergies and minimise the negatives effects on pro-poor growth in developing countries. Coherence issues across three cross-cutting themes, climate change, biodiversity and innovation policy, are considered, before a comprehensive set of PCD issues related to agricultural livelihoods, fisheries livelihoods and the energy and minor sectors in developing countries are discussed. In doing so three PCD case studies, Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), the reform of EU biofuels policy and EU fisheries access, are presented and lessons for the green growth agenda are derived.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3ttg45wb31-en
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  • 97
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    Empowering and protecting consumers in the internet economy (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 216
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Verbraucherschutz ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report is part of a series of papers in the follow-up work to the 2008 Seoul Ministerial Declaration for the Future of the Internet Economy. It shows that over the past five years, despite the financial crisis, business-to-consumer e-commerce has grown steadily across the OECD and beyond, spurred by increased Internet and broadband penetration, competition and innovation, which have in turn led to consumer access to a wider range of products at lower prices. The spread of mobile devices, easy-to-use payment mechanisms, as well as participative web tools such as price and product comparisons and consumer ratings and reviews has further provided consumers with a more convenient e-commerce experience. Trust in e-commerce, however, remains challenged by a number of problems requiring further attention. These include complex information disclosures, legislative gaps, fraudulent and misleading practices and privacy threats as well as inadequate redress mechanisms.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c6tbcvvq2-en
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  • 98
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    Tackling long-term unemployment amongst vulnerable groups (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2013/11
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2013/11
    Keywords: Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Vulnerabilitätsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper reports on the work undertaken as part of the Tackling Long-term Unemployment Amongst Vulnerable Groups project. It includes the findings of a survey undertaken jointly by the OECD LEED Programme and the World Association of Public Employment Services in 2012, and also case studies and learning models from around the world on innovative practices to support the long-term unemployed into work. The report emphasises the important role a diverse range of actors can play in helping the long-term unemployed address the complex issues which may hinder their move into the labour market.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k43jct8n2nv-en
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  • 99
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    The politics of transport infrastructure policies in Colombia (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 316
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.316
    Keywords: 2002-2010 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrspolitik ; Kolumbien ; Development ; Transport ; Colombia ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Policy-Making Process (PMP) of transport infrastructure projects in Colombia for the period 2002-10. It aims to identify the main bottlenecks to improve the implementation of public policies in the main phases of the transport infrastructure policy cycle, namely planning, budgeting, execution, and monitoring and evaluation. The main results draw three conclusions. Firstly, there is a need to improve the planning and prioritisation stages of roads construction. Secondly, information problems affect monitoring and evaluation. Finally, the institutional weakness in the transport sector causes co-ordination failures between different transport modes (horizontal level) as well as inadequate separation of responsibilities and management of resources between national and sub-national governments (vertical level). This paper contributes to the research studying the PMP in Latin American economies.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46n3xqh1hf-en
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  • 100
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    Measuring patent quality : indicators of technological and economic value (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Patent ; Qualität ; Messung ; Theorie ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work contributes to the definition and measurement of patent quality. It proposes a wide array of indicators capturing the technological and economic value of patented inventions, and the possible impact that these might have on subsequent technological developments. The measures proposed build extensively upon recent literature, rely on information contained in the patent documents, and are calculated on patent cohorts defined by the combination of the technology field and the year of filing of patents. This is done to account for possible time- and technology-related shocks. The description of the indicators is accompanied by statistics compiled on patents from the European Patent Office, as well as tests aimed at addressing the sensitivity of the measures to alternative specifications and the correlations that may exist among them. The indicators proposed, which can be constructed on all patents, have the advantage of relying on a homogeneous set of information and of being comparable across countries and over time. To facilitate their compilation on data from other Intellectual Property (IP) offices, the SQL-based program codes used to calculate the indicators are also supplied. The paper is further accompanied by a dataset – to be obtained upon request – containing the indicators calculated on EPO patent documents published during the period 1978-2012, as well as some cohort specific statistics (i.e. main moments and key percentiles).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4522wkw1r8-en
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